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Dinesh Kumar Tripathi

2026-05-31T14:56:59Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Adding some bio first draft

{{Short description|Indian Navy admiral}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
| name = Dinesh Kumar Tripathi
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|PVSM|AVSM|NM}}
| image = File:Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi, PVSM, AVSM, NM.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption = Official portrait, 2025<ref>https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2149792</ref>
| office = 26th [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]
| term_start = {{Start_date|2024|04|30|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End_date|2026|05|31|df=yes}}
| president = {{ubl|[[Droupadi Murmu]]}}
| predecessor = [[R. Hari Kumar]]
| successor = [[Krishna Swaminathan]]
| office1 = 38th [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]]
| term_start1 = 3 January 2024
| term_end1 = 30 April 2024
| 1blankname1 = Chief of Naval Staff
| 1namedata1 = [[R. Hari Kumar]]
| predecessor1 = [[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Krishna Swaminathan]]
| office2 = [[Western Naval Command|Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]]
| term_start2 = 1 March 2023
| term_end2 = 2 January 2024
| predecessor2 = [[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]]
| successor2 = [[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|05|15}}
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{navy|India}}
| service_years = 1 July 1985 - 31 May 2026
| rank = [[File:14-Indian Navy-ADM.svg|23px]] [[File:British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-9.svg|22px]] [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
| unit =
| commands = [[File:Western Naval Command (India).png|20px]] [[Western Naval Command]] [[File:Crest of INA.png|20px]] [[Indian Naval Academy]] [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]] {{ship|INS|Trishul|F43}} {{ship|INS|Kirch|P62}} {{ship|INS|Vinash|K47}}
| battles =
| battles_label =
| military_blank2 = Awards
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|
*[[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Nao Sena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Nau Sena Medal]]
}}
| spouse = Shashi Tripathi <ref>https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/chief-naval-staff-cns</ref>
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| memorials =
| module =
| alma_mater = [[Sainik School, Rewa]]
| military_data1 = 02904-Z<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2024 |title=President confers 31 PVSMs, four UYSMs, two Bar to AVSMs & 57 AVSMs during Defence Investiture Ceremony (Phase-2) |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2034456&utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=[[Press Information Bureau]] |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] |publication-place=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref>
| military_blank1 = Service Number
}}
[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] '''Dinesh Kumar Tripathi''', [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Nau Sena Medal|NM]] (born 15 May 1964) is a retired four star [[flag officer]] of the [[Indian Navy]]. He last served as 26th [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi appointed as the next Chief of the Naval Staff |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2018213 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-04-30 |title=ADMIRAL DINESH K TRIPATHI PVSM, AVSM, NM ASSUMES COMMAND OF THE INDIAN NAVY AS 26th CHIEF OF THE NAVAL STAFF |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2019166 |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=PIB Delhi |language= |issn=}}</ref> He previously served as the 38th [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2024-01-04 |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi appointed as new Vice Chief of the Naval Staff |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vice-admiral-dinesh-k-tripathi-appointed-as-new-vice-chief-of-the-naval-staff/article67706565.ece |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He earlier served as the [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]], prior to that he served as the [[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]] (COP) and as the [[Director General Naval Operations]] (DGNO).

==Early life and education==
Tripathi is an alumnus of [[Sainik School Rewa|Sainik School, Rewa]]. He joined Sainik School, Rewa in July 1973 where he was classmates with [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]] [[General (India)|General]] [[Upendra Dwivedi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-21 |title=Sainik School Rewa celebrates its alumni -- Vice-Chiefs of Army & Navy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/sainik-school-rewa-celebrates-its-alumni-vice-chiefs-of-army-navy/articleshow/107870080.cms |access-date=2024-06-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is also an alumnus of the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], [[Pune]] and the [[Indian Naval Academy]], [[Ezhimala (hill, Kannur)|Ezhimala]]. He completed the staff course at the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]] where he won the Thimayya Medal, and the higher command course at the [[College of Naval Warfare]]. He has also attended the [[Naval War College]], [[Newport, Rhode Island]] in the [[United States]] when he was awarded the Robert E. Bateman International Prize.<ref name="COMMANDANT INA">{{cite web |title=COMMANDANT |url=https://www.ina.gov.in/?q=node/1406 |website=www.ina.gov.in |publisher=INA}}</ref>

== Naval career ==
Tripathi was commissioned into the Executive branch of the [[Indian Navy]] on 1 July 1985. He is a specialist in Communication and Electronic warfare. In the early years of his career, he served as the Signals Communication officer and Electronic Warfare Officer of the [[Guided missile destroyer]], {{ship|INS|Mumbai|D62}}.He has commanded the [[Veer-class corvette|Veer-class]] missile vessel {{ship|INS|Vinash|K47}} and the [[Kora-class corvette]] {{ship|INS|Kirch|P62}}. He was in command of the ''Kirch'' during the [[President's fleet review|Review of the Fleet]] by the [[President of India]] [[Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] in 2005. He also served as the [[executive officer]] of the [[Delhi-class destroyer|Delhi-class]] [[Guided missile destroyer]] {{ship|INS|Mumbai|D62}}.<ref name="COMMANDANT INA" /> He subsequently commanded the [[Talwar-class frigate|Talwar-class]] [[Guided missile frigate]] {{ship|INS|Trishul|F43}}.<ref name="indiannavy.nic.in">{{cite web |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM, NM Assumes Charge as Commandant Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vice-admiral-dinesh-k-tripathi-avsm-nm-assumes-charge-commandant-indian-naval-academy |website=www.indiannavy.nic.in}}</ref> In his staff appointments, Admiral Tripathi has served as the Fleet Operations Officer of the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] and as the Director of Naval Operations. As a [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]], he served as the Principal Director Network Centric Operations and as the Principal Director Naval Plans, both at Naval HQ.<ref name="Rear Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi take">{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi takes over as Eastern Fleet Commander {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/rear-admiral-dinesh-k-tripathi-takes-over-eastern-fleet-commander |website=www.indiannavy.nic.in}}</ref>

===Flag rank===
On promotion to Flag rank, Tripathi took over as the [[Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Assistant Chief of Naval Staff]] (Policy and Plans) at Naval HQ. He then assumed the office of [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet]] on 15 January 2018.<ref name="Rear Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi take"/> For his command of the [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]], he was awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 2019.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Distinguished Service and Gallantry Award Winners on Republic Day 2019 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1561429 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

On promotion to the rank of [[Vice Admiral]] on 12 June 2019, Tripathi took over as the [[Commandant of Indian Naval Academy]] from [[Vice Admiral]] [[R. B. Pandit]].<ref name="indiannavy.nic.in"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=India |first1=P. I. B. |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM, NM assumes charge as commandant Indian Naval Academy.@indiannavy |url=https://twitter.com/PIB_India/status/1138757143924957184 |website=@PIB_India |language=en |date=12 June 2019}}</ref> Under him, the INA was [[Presentation of Colours|presented]] with the [[President's Colour Award|President's Colour]] on 20 November 2019. On 13 August 2020, he assumed charge as the [[Director General Naval Operations]] (DGNO) at Naval HQ. He served as the DGNO during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM, NM, Assumes Charge as Director General Naval Operations (DGNO) |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1645571#.XzVaPGRAc_t.twitter |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>

Tripathi assumed the charge of [[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]] succeeding [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Ravneet Singh (vice admiral)|Ravneet Singh]] on 1 June 2021.<ref name="bhs290521">{{cite web|url=https://bharatshakti.in/big-reshuffle-in-naval-headquarters/|title=Big Reshuffle in Naval Headquarters|publisher=Bharat Shakti|date=2021-05-29}}</ref> After about 2 years as COP, he was appointed [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]]. He took over from Vice Admiral [[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]] on 1 March 2023.<ref name="FOCINC WNC">{{cite web |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh Tripathi is new Western Naval Commander |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/vice-admiral-dinesh-tripathi-is-new-western-naval-commander-2337388-2023-02-20 |website=India Today |access-date=28 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

On 4 January 2024, Tripathi took over as the 38th [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]] succeeding [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]], who moved to [[Western Naval Command]] as the [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-04 |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi takes over as Vice Chief of Naval Staff |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/vice-admiral-dinesh-k-tripathi-takes-over-as-vice-chief-of-naval-staff/articleshow/106542344.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Chief of Naval Staff===
On 19 April 2024, the [[Government of India]] appointed Tripathi as the next [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref name=":0" /> On 30 April 2024, Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi took over as the 26th [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] succeeding [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[R. Hari Kumar]], who superannuated after more than four decades of service to the nation.<ref name=":1" />

==Personal life==
Tripathi is a keen sportsman and avidly follows tennis, badminton, and cricket. He is a student of International Relations, Military History, and the art and science of Leadership. He is married to Shashi Tripathi, an artist and homemaker. The couple have a son who is a practicing lawyer.<ref name="PIB bio">{{cite web |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi Takes Over as Flag Officer Commanding-IN-Chief, Western Naval Command |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1903076 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
For his exemplary service, he has been awarded with the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=75th REPUBLIC DAY PRESIDENT APPROVES DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AND GALLANTRY AWARDS TO INDIAN NAVY PERSONNEL |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1999696 |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> and the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 2019.<ref name=":2" />
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Operation Parakram medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=75yearmedal.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Nau Sena Medal]]
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Operation Vijay Medal]]
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|-
|[[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|[[30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

== Dates of Rank ==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank
!Component!! Date of rank
|-
| [[File:06-Indian Navy-SLT.svg|35px]]
| Sub-lieutenant
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 1 July 1985
|-
| [[File:07-Indian Navy-LT.svg|35px]]
| Lieutenant
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 1987
|-
| [[File:08-Indian Navy-LCDR.svg|35px]]
| Lieutenant Commander
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 1995
|-
| [[File:09-Indian Navy-CDR.svg|35px]]
| Commander
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 1999
|-
| [[File:10-Indian Navy-CAPT.svg|35px]]
| [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]]
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 2005
|-
| [[File:11-Indian Navy-CDRE.svg|35px]]
| [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]]
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 2013
|-
| [[File:12-Indian Navy-RADM.svg|35px]]
| [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]]
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 15 January 2018
|-
|[[File:13-Indian Navy-VADM.svg|38px]]
|[[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 12 June 2019
1 March 2023 (C-inC)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi Takes Over As Western Naval Command Chief |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vice-admiral-dinesh-k-tripathi-takes-over-as-western-naval-command-chief-3823276 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319204245/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vice-admiral-dinesh-k-tripathi-takes-over-as-western-naval-command-chief-3823276 |archive-date=2023-03-19 |access-date=2025-10-21 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:14-Indian Navy-ADM.svg|38px]]
| [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
(CNS)
|[[Indian Navy]]
| 30 April 2024<ref name=":1" />
|}

==See also==
* [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet]]
* [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]]
* [[Commandant of Indian Naval Academy]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commanding Officer]] [[INS Trishul (F43)|INS Trishul]]|years=2006 - 2007}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Biswajit Dasgupta]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet]]|years=2018 - 2019}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Suraj Berry]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[R. B. Pandit]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commandant of Indian Naval Academy|Commandant]], [[Indian Naval Academy]]|years=June 2019 - July 2020}}
{{s-aft|after= [[M. A. Hampiholi]] }}
{{s-bef|before=[[M. A. Hampiholi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director General Naval Operations]]|years=2020 - 2021}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Rajesh Pendharkar]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ravneet Singh (vice admiral)|Ravneet Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Personnel (India)|Chief of Personnel]]|years=1 June 2021 – 28 February 2023}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Suraj Berry]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]]|years=1 March 2023 - 3 January 2024}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sanjay Jasjit Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=4 January 2024 - 30 April 2024}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Krishna Swaminathan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[R. Hari Kumar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=30 April 2024 - Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief of the Naval Staff (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Dinesh K}}
[[Category:Sainik School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian Navy vice admirals]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Personnel (India)]]
[[Category:Commandants of the Indian Naval Academy]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Eastern Fleet]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Nau Sena Medal]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:Naval War College, Goa alumni]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni]]
[[Category:Directors General Naval Operations]]

Vikkas Manaktala

2026-04-29T12:29:00Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created new pg

{{Short description|Indian television actor (born 1984)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vikkas Manaktala
| other names =
| image = File:Vikas Manaktala.jpg
| caption = Manaktala in 2017
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse = [[Gunjan Walia]] (m. 2015)
| occupation = Actor, model
| years_active = 2006–present
}}

'''Vikkas Manaktala''' is an Indian television actor known for portraying Cadet Amar Huda in ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]'' and [[Gangadhar Rao]] in ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''. In 2022, he was seen in [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|''Bigg Boss 16'']] as a wild card contestant and got evicted after three weeks.

==Career==

Manaktala started as a ramp model. Later, he joined television in 2006 portraying Cadet Amardeep "Amar" Huda in [[Sony SAB]]'s ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]'' until 2008.

After a five-year break, he made his comeback in 2013 playing Sameer Verma/Aditya Jagannadh in ''[[Main Naa Bhoolungi]]'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vikas-goes-left-right-and-further-1055250|title=Vikas goes left, right and further...|website=DNA India}}</ref> opposite [[Aishwarya Sakhuja]]. In 2016, he acted as Neel Sharma in ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/six-pack-trouble/articleshow/2680660.cms|title=Six-pack trouble - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=8 January 2008 }}</ref>

The next year, Manaktala appeared as Veer Pratap in [[Life OK]]'s ''[[Ghulaam]]'' alongside [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] and [[Niti Taylor]]. Then he portrayed [[Gangadhar Rao]] in Color's historical drama ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'' opposite [[Anushka Sen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Vikas-Manaktala-returns-to-the-small-screen/articleshow/21190509.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115090928/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-21/tv/40707924_1_small-screen-gumrah-ishaqzaade|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-11-15|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Vikas Manaktala returns to the small screen |date=21 July 2013 }}</ref> and Balveer in [[&TV]]'s ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]'' opposite wife [[Gunjan Walia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/aishwaryavikas-on-sony-tv-s-thriller/1200184|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222000814/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/aishwaryavikas-on-sony-tv-s-thriller/1200184|url-status=dead|title=Aishwarya-Vikas on Sony TV's thriller|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> Next, he joined the cast of Star Plus's ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan|Namah]]'' as [[Shiva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-actors-who-are-ready-to-win-hearts-again/articleshow/21553913.cms|title=TV actors who are ready to win hearts again - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=3 August 2013 }}</ref>

In 2022, Manaktala entered the [[Colors TV]]'s reality TV show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]'' as a wild card contestant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cyril|first=Grace|date=8 December 2022|title=Sreejita De, Vikkas Manaktala are the new wildcard contestants of Bigg Boss 16! Watch promo|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/sreejita-de-vikkas-manaktala-are-the-new-wildcard-contestants-of-bigg-boss-16-watch-promo-2306647-2022-12-08|access-date=10 December 2022|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref> He was evicted on day 90, finishing at 13th place.

==Television==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Note(s) !!Ref.
|-
| 2006–2008
| ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]''
| Cadet Amardeep "Amar" Huda
|
|
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Main Naa Bhoolungi]]''
| Sameer Verma / Aditya Jagannath
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aishwarya-sakhuja-and-vikas-manaktala-in-main-naa-bhoolungi-cant-see-eye-to-eye/articleshow/32791077.cms|title=Aishwarya and Vikas can't see eye-to-eye - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=28 March 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Neel Sharma
| Season 4
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Ghulaam]]''
| Veer Pratap
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2019
| ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''
| [[Gangadhar Rao]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]'' || Balveer|| ||
|-
| ''[[Namah (TV series)|Namah]]''
| [[Shiva]]
|
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''
|Contestant
| 13th place
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 December 2022|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan introduces Vikkas Manaktala as wildcard contestant; bashes housemates for their misbehavior|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-introduces-vikkas-manaktala-wildcard-contestant-bashes-housemates-misbehavior/|access-date=10 December 2022|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Special Ops 2.0]]''
| Abhay Singh
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Award
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Category
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Show
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Result
|-
|2011
|[[Indian Telly Award]]
|Fresh New Face - Male
|Amardeep Huda
|''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|title=2006 Indian Telly Awards|access-date=25 May 2014|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213148/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manaktala, Vikas}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Raghubir Singh Bali

2026-04-28T16:15:54Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = RS Bali
| image = File:RS Bali File Photo.png
| caption = Official portrait of RS Bali, 2023
| term_start = 8 December 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Arun Kumar (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Arun Kumar]]
| office = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Nagrota, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Nagrota]]
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|03|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = Nagrota Bagwan
| father = [[G. S. Bali]]
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater = Ramaiah College, Bangalore
| website =
| image_size =
| portfolio = Vice Chairman Tourism Department
}}

'''RS Bali''' (born 31 March 1979) is an Indian politician, who currently serves as the [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] of [[Nagrota, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Nagrota]], in [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh 14th Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) |url=https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/513 |website=[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh Assembly Election Nagrota |url=https://www.oneindia.com/nagrota-assembly-elections-hp-15/ |website=[[Oneindia]] |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Raghubir Singh Bali was born on 31 March 1979. He is the son of former Minister [[G. S. Bali]], who was former chairman of Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation and the vice-chairman of the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Board.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bodh |first=Anand |title=Nagrota MLA RS Bali appointed chairman of HPTDC and vice-chairman of HPTDB |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-nagrota-mla-raghbir-singh-bali-appointed-chairman-of-hptdc-and-vice-chairman-of-hptdb/articleshow/97203898.cms |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Thakur |first1=Naresh K |title=Raghubir Bali heads Himachal tourism development corporation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/raghubir-bali-heads-himachal-tourism-development-corporation-101674197943776.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Amil |title=Raghubir Singh Bali: AICC secretary crucial to Congress's Himachal election plans |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/raghuvir-singh-bali-aicc-secretary-congresss-himachal-election-plans-8216622/ |agency=Indian Express |publisher=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vasdev |first1=Kanchan |title=Himachal's third-richest candidate banks on father's legacy & 'Jaanu ki japhi' in first poll contest |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/himachal-pradesh-elections-congress-raghubir-singh-bali-8243886/ |access-date=November 3, 2022 |agency=Indian Express}}</ref>

After completing his education from Dalhousie Public School and DAV School, Kangra, he moved to Bangalore and did Bachelors in Hotel Management from Ramaiah College.{{citation needed|date=February 2026}}

== Political career ==
Bali won [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] by 15,892 votes.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Maha |title='Winning By Highest Margin Comes With Responsibility': Congress's RS Bali |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/winning-by-highest-margin-comes-with-responsibility-congress-s-rs-bali-670291 |agency=NDTV |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>

During the 2020 Assembly elections, RS Bali was made the Co-Incharge of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=News Service |first1=Tribune |title=Congress launches Rozgar Sangharsh Yatra in Kangra |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/cong-launches-rozgar-sangharsh-yatra-in-kangra-430205 |agency=Tribune |publisher=Tribune}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Swati |title=Congress' Nagrota Bagwan candidate RS Bali says youth will elbow out 'anti-people' BJP govt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/himachal-pradesh/news/himachal-pradesh-elections-2022-congresss-nagrota-bagwan-candidate-rs-bali-says-youth-will-elbow-out-anti-people-bjp-govt/articleshow/95434893.cms |agency=Times Of India |publisher=Times Of India}}</ref>

RS Bali held the post of General Secretary of Himachal Youth Congress from 2004 to 2009.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:R S Bali}}
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Kangra district]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

Man Kaur

2026-04-25T18:07:09Z

CaraVanOtterloo: starting new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Short description|Indian track-and-field athlete (1916–2021)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Man Kaur
| image = Mann Kaur in New Delhi on March 08, 2020 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kaur in 2020
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|3|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|7|31|1916|3|1|df=yes}}
| death_place = India
}}
'''Man Kaur''' (1 March 1916 – 31 July 2021) was an Indian [[track-and-field]] [[athlete]]. She holds the world records in the Over-100 years old categories for a variety of events. At the age of 103, she was given the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] award by the President of India.

==Life==
Man Kaur's height was about five feet (150 cm) and she was a native [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] speaker.<ref name=what/> She won multiple gold medals at the [[World Masters Athletics Championships]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/man-kaur-100-year-old-runner-from-india-wins-gold-medal-at-masters-games-3005284/ | title=Man Kaur, 100-year-old runner from India, wins gold medal at Masters Games | date=31 August 2016 | publisher=The Indian Express | accessdate=30 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/well-good/inspire-me/92052110/man-kaur-oldest-athlete-at-world-masters-games-now-aucklands-oldest-skywalker | title=Man Kaur, oldest athlete at World Masters Games, now Auckland's oldest skywalker | date=29 April 2017 | publisher=stuff.co.nz | accessdate=30 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.runnersworld.com/masters-racing/101-year-old-wins-four-gold-medals-at-the-world-masters-games | title=101-Year-Old Wins Four Gold Medals at the World Masters Games | date=27 April 2017 | publisher=runnersworld.com | accessdate=30 April 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Shri Narendra Modi with the Nari Shakti Awardees, in New Delhi on March 08, 2020.jpg|thumb|left|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] with the Nari Shakti Awardees on [[International Women's Day]] in 2020. Kaur is the person on the 2nd right in the bottom row.]] She did not start to pursue athletics until she was 93. In 2016 she became the fastest centenarian at a competition in the American Masters Games.<ref name=m93>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/08/lady-mason-centenarian-athlete-among-15-women-conferred-nari-shakti-awards-2114073.html|title=Lady mason, centenarian athlete among 15 women conferred Nari Shakti Awards|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref>

In anticipation of the 2017 [[World Masters Games]], Kaur trained regularly at [[Punjabi University]], in hopes of improving upon her own world record which she set over the years. Her coach was her own son Gurdev Singh, who was 79 years old at that time.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/101-year-old-mann-kaur-miracle-from-chandigarh-sprints-to-world-masters-medal/story-gV26qcsMsRDO1qyOwrw5GJ.html | title=101-year-old athlete Mann Kaur sets world record to win World Masters gold | date=24 April 2017 | publisher=Hindustan Times | accessdate=30 April 2017}}</ref> In the 2017 games, held in [[Auckland]], New Zealand she completed the 100 metre sprint in 74 seconds.<ref name=what/>

In 2019 she competed in [[Poland]] winning four events in her category - shot put, 60m sprint, 200m, and the javelin. She completed the 60m race in 36 seconds and "felt great" afterwards.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Sumit|date=20 December 2019|title=Man Kaur, a woman athlete who is going great guns at 103|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/man-kaur-a-woman-athlete-who-is-going-great-guns-at-103/article30355566.ece|access-date=21 March 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> After this she and Gurdev were invited to tour universities in [[Baru Sahib]] where they inspired students when they spoke about their achievements and the diet they follow. As per those speeches, their diet includes nuts and pulses, home grown soy milk, kefir, wheatgrass juice, and sprouted wheat which they turn into [[Chapati|chapatis]].<ref name=what>{{Cite web|title=Whatever Happened To ... The 101-Year-Old Champion Runner From India?|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/08/28/753479752/whatever-happened-to-the-101-year-old-champion-runner-from-india|website=NPR.org|date=28 August 2019 |language=en|access-date=12 May 2020|last1=Sachdev |first1=Chhavi }}</ref>

Late 2019, Kaur (age 103) won gold in the 200 meter dash at 3:01.61 and shot put at 2.21 m at the December 2019 Asian Masters Championship in [[Malaysia]].<ref>2019 Asian Masters Championship Meet Results. [http://mmaa.org.my/pdf/2020/mmaa_amac_results/day_three.pdf] Retrieved 24 March 2021</ref>

On 8 March ([[International Women's Day]]) 2020 she was handed the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] award. The award was presented at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] the Presidential Palace India in [[New Delhi]] by the [[President of India]] with the [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]], in attendance. She was nicknamed the "Miracle from Chandigarh".<ref name=m93/>

Kaur died on 31 July 2021, at the age of 105, after suffering from [[gallbladder cancer]].<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/punjab/chandigarh-international-master-athlete-mann-kaur-passes-away-in-chandigarh-21881973.html इंटरनेशनल मास्टर एथलीट मान कौर की जिंदगी की दौड़ पूरी, चंडीगढ़ में 105 वर्ष की उम्र में निधन
इंटरनेशनल मास्टर एथलीट मान कौर की फाइल फोटो।] {{in lang|hi}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of centenarian masters track and field athletes]]
*[[List of masters athletes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Man}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Indian women centenarians]]
[[Category:Indian women athletes]]
[[Category:World record holders in masters athletics]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Masters athletes]]
[[Category:Deaths from gallbladder cancer]]

Sheena Chohan

2026-04-25T09:30:51Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created info.

{{COI|talk=talk page section|date=September 2025}}
{{short description|Indian actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sheena Chohan
|image = Actress, Sheena Chohan.jpg
|caption = Chohan in 2022
|image_size = 250
|birth_date =
|birth_place = India, Chandigarh
|occupation = Actress
|yearsactive =
|website = {{URL|http://www.sheenachohan.net}}
}}
'''Sheena Chohan''' is an Indian film actress who works in [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] films and OTT-series. She made her screen debut in the Malayalam film, ''The Train'', opposite [[Mammooty]], directed by seven-time National Award Winning Director, [[Jayaraj]]. Her major success came with ''Ant Story'', on [[Netflix]], which was directed by [[Mostofa Sarwar Farooki]] for which she received a best actress nomination alongside [[Keira Knightley]] and [[Kate Beckinsale]] at both the [[Dubai International Film Festival]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} and the [[Shanghai International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sheena-chohan-nominated-for-best-actress-at-shanghai-film-fest-114062000462_1.html |title=Sheena Chohan nominated for best actress at Shanghai film fest |date=20 June 2014 |work=Business Standard |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> She is the only Indian actor to have won the Human Rights Hero award at the United Nations. Sheena Chohan is known as a Pan India Actor, for performing across multiple languages, her ability to seamlessly transform into diverse lead characters, and her reputation as a highly professional, director’s actor.
Sheena made her Hindi film debut in [[Sant_Tukaram_(2025_film)|Sant Tukaram (2025)]], playing Avali Jija Bai, the wife of the saint.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/2025/Jun/26/sheena-chohan-shines-in-hindi-debut-as-avali-jija-bai-in-sant-tukaram |title=Sheena Chohan shines in hindi debut as Avali Jija Bai in Sant Tukaram |date=26 June 2025 |work=Indulge |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/interview-sheena-chohan-a-true-pan-indian-talent-making-her-hindi-film-debut/ |title=Interview: Sheena Chohan : A True Pan-Indian Talent Making Her Hindi Film Debut! |date=19 July 2025 |work=Cinebuster Magazine|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mid-ko day.com/amp/web-stories/7-actresses-who-played-historical-characters-6180 |title=7 actresses who played historical characters |date=27 July 2025 |work=Mid-day.com|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mid-day.com/amp/web-stories/7-actresses-who-played-historical-characters-6180 |title=Sheena Chohan Delivers Soul-Stirring Performance In Sant Tukaram: "Avali Lived Through Me"|date=22 July 2025 |work=Mid-day.com|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>

==Career==

Chohan starred as the female lead opposite megastar Mammootty in a Malayalam film ''The Train'', directed by National Award Winner, Jayaraj.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/being-mammootty-s-soulmate/cid/335054 |title=Being Mammootty's Soulmate |date=20 October 2011 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref>

She was nominated as Best Actress at both the Dubai International Film Festival and the Shanghai International Film Festival for her lead role in the international film ''Ant Story'', directed by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki which was on Netflix.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/10/22/sheena-chohan-cast-in-new-short-film-of-debi-director |title=Sheena Chohan cast in new short film of Debi director |date=22 October 2019 |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newswire.com/news/the-humanitarian-side-of-actor-sheena-chohan-18533234 |title=The Humanitarian Side of Actor Sheena Chohan |date=12 January 2017 |work=Newswire.com |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2013/December/citytimes_December85.xml&section=citytimes |title=Sheena Chohan moving on up |date=11 December 2013 |work=Khaleej Times |access-date=11 December 2013 |archive-date=2 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193835/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fcitytimes%2F2013%2FDecember%2Fcitytimes_December85.xml&section=citytimes |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/fwire/sheena-chohan-nominated-for-best-actress-at-shanghai-film-fest-1581817.html |title=Sheena Chohan nominated for best actress at Shanghai film fest |date=21 June 2014 |work=Firstpost |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref>

Chohan starred in ''Mukti and Patralekha'' as a lead, directed by National Award Winner [[Buddhadev Dasgupta]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-was-surprised-sheena-chohan-1687487 |title=I was surprised: Sheena Chohan |date=11 May 2012 |work=dna |language=en-US |access-date=16 June 2016}}</ref>

In 2016, she played one of the lead roles in the feature film, ''Justice'', directed by [[Bappaditya Bandopadhyay]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/H/11613/sheena-chohan-to-feature-in-hollywood-film-nomad.html |title=Sheena Chohan to feature in Hollywood film Nomad |date=19 July 2019 |work=India Blooms |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref>

Chohan acted in the role of a journalist in the 2017 Hollywood web comedy ''Words'' which also features American stand-up comedian and actor, [[Jim Meskimen]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2017/07/08/sheena-chohan-hollywood-web-comedy |title=Sheena Chohan in Hollywood web comedy |date=8 July 2017 |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref>

In 2019, Chohan was selected to feature in the Hollywood film ''Nomad'', by award-winning director [[Taron Lexton]], releasing this year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/film/news/sheena-chohan-feature-hollywood-film-1770946 |title=Sheena Chohan to feature in a Hollywood film |work=The Daily Star |language=en-US |access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/dream-big-stay-happy-and-keep-smiling-sheena-chohan-1804177 |title="Dream big, stay happy and keep smiling" - Sheena Chohan |work=The Daily Star |language=en-US |access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref>

In 2022, she was featured in the hit series ''The Fame Game'' on Netflix opposite [[Madhuri Dixit]] as well as in ''The City of Dreams'' directed by [[Nagesh Kukunoor]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/13508/sheena-chohan-circles-back-to-prithvi-theatre-after-roles-on-netflix-hotstar.html |title=Sheena Chohan circles back to Prithvi Theatre after roles on Netflix & HotStar |date=18 November 2020 |work=India Bloomse |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://womenpla.net/interview/sheena-chohan/ |title=In Candid Conversation with an Artist, Human right ambassador & a Social messenger-Sheena Chohan |work=Women Planet |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> She also played the lead in the comedy drama series ''exMates'' which was produced by [[Humaramovie]] and she finished shooting for the series ''The Trial'' opposite [[Kajol]] for [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tricityscoop.com/converting-dreams-into-a-reality/ |title=Converting Dreams into a Reality |work=Tricity Scoop |access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/16719/creation-is-the-great-pleasure-an-actor-can-have-sheena-chohan.html |title=Creation is the great pleasure an actor can have: Sheena Chohan |date=20 January 2023 |work=India Blooms |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/2023/01/fame-game-actress-sheena-chohan-shares-her-acting-journey/ |title="Fame Game" Actress Sheena Chohan Shares Her Acting Journey |date=31 January 2023 |work=Urban Asian |access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>

In 2023, Chohan also finished shooting for ''Sant Tukaram'' as the leading lady, Avali, opposite [[Subodh Bhave]], directed by [[Aditya Om]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/sheena-chohan-kajol-maam-lifts-the-energy-on-the-set-madhuri-dixit-maam-is-very-down-to-earth/cid/1928571 |title=Sheena Chohan: 'Kajol ma'am lifts the energy on the set; Madhuri Dixit ma'am is very down-to-earth' |date=10 April 2023 |work=The Telegraph India |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref>

In February 2023, Chohan won the WGF Best Actress in Comic Role award for her popular web series, Ex- Mates.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://worldgrowthforums.com/world-growth-forums-magazines/wgf-mag-apr-2023/ |title=WGF Best Actress in Comic Role for Ex-Mates |date=1 April 2023 |work=World Growth Forums |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>

In December 2025, it was announced that Sheena will appear in the Tamil folk drama ‘Arjunanin Allirani,’ Lilith Tale ‘Bhaayava',<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sheena-chohan-tamil-folk-drama-arjunanin-allirani-1236618588/ |title=Sheena Chohan to Star in Tamil Folk Drama ‘Arjunanin Allirani,’ Lilith Tale ‘Bhaayava’ |date=27 December 2025 |work=Variety |access-date=23 January 2026}}</ref> written by [[B. Jeyamohan]], directed by [[Vino Vikraman Pillai]] with music by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].

==Early life==

Chohan was born in [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab]] but brought up in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hbeonline.com/single-post/2019/11/06/Sheena-Chohan-India-Never-Give-Up |title=Sheena Chohan - India - Never Give Up!! |date=6 November 2019 |work=Humble Beginning Entrepreneurs |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> She was crowned "Miss Kolkata"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/-miss-kolkata-sheena-chohan-to-feature-in-hollywood-film-nomad/entertainment/news/1670342.html |title=Miss Kolkata' Sheena Chohan to feature in Hollywood film 'Nomad |date=19 July 2019 |work=United News of India |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> and participated in the beauty pageant [[I Am She–Miss Universe India]], where she won the title "I Am Voice". Chohan worked as a theatre actress for many years, in various productions including for five years in Delhi with director [[Arvind Gaur]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} She trained as a contemporary dancer for many years and reached the status of brown belt in [[Karate]] while in school. She studied arts at [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]], [[Shimla]]. She also trained in playing the violin and was a part of the school orchestra.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tricityscoop.com/the-actor-who-believes-in-sprinkling-magic/ |title=The Actor Who Believes in Sprinkling Magic! |website=tricityscoop.com |date=24 October 2022 |language=en-US |access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://womenpla.net/interview/beautiful-talented-and-a-human-rights-ambassador-what-is-sheena-chohans-next-achievement/ |title=Beautiful, Talented And A Human Rights Ambassador – What Is Sheena Chohan's Next Achievement? |website=womenpla.net |language=en-US |access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
!Director!! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2011|| ''[[The Train (2011 film)|The Train]]'' || Meera
|[[Jayaraj]]
|| Malayalam || Opposite [[Mammootty]]
|-
| rowspan=2|2014 || ''Mukti'' || Bela (Tagore's Daughter)
| rowspan="2" |[[Buddhadeb Dasgupta|Buddhadev Dasgupta]]
| rowspan="2"| Bengali || rowspan="2" | Based on Rabindranath Tagores poems.
|-
| ''Patralekha'' || Wife (Lead Role)
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Ant Story]]''|| Rima (Famous Actress)
|[[Mostofa Sarwar Farooki]]
| Bengali || World Premiered at DIFF 2013
|-
|2026 || ''Justice'' || Ghost (Lead Role)
|[[Bappaditya Bandopadhyay]]
|Bengali,English||
|-
|2025 || ''[[Sant Tukaram (2025 film)|Sant Tukaram]]'' || Avali (Lead Role) || [[Aditya Om]]
|| Hindi <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/16719/creation-is-the-great-pleasure-an-actor-can-have-sheena-chohan.html |title=Creation is the great pleasure an actor can have: Sheena Chohan |date=20 January 2023 |work=India Blooms |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/sheena-chohan-kajol-maam-lifts-the-energy-on-the-set-madhuri-dixit-maam-is-very-down-to-earth/cid/1928571 |title=Sheena Chohan: 'Kajol ma'am lifts the energy on the set; Madhuri Dixit ma'am is very down-to-earth' |date=10 April 2023 |work=The Telegraph India |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref> ||
|- Post production
|2026|| Jhatasya Maranam Dhruvam || IPS Officer Anusha (Lead Role) || Shravan
|| Telugu <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/exclusive-sheena-chohan-the-telugu-film-industry-makes-me-feel-very-warm-as-a-home/articleshow/105085582.cms |title=Exclusive - Sheena Chohan: The Telugu film industry makes me .. |date=9 November 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> || Trilingual- Pan India film. Alongside [[J. D. Chakravarthy]]
|-
|2026 || ''[[Nomad (upcoming film)|Nomad]]'' || Traveller || [[Taron Lexton]]
|| English-Hollywood Film||
|-
| 2026 || Arjunanin Allirani || Alli Rani || [[Vino Vikraman Pillai]] || Tamil || Written by [[B. Jeyamohan]] with music by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] - in pre-production
|}

==Short films==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Production House
|-
|2017 || ''Pinkathon'' || Lead Role || Hindi || Ogilvy
|-
|2017 || ''Chhotu'' || Lead Role || Hindi || Muvizz.com
|-
|2017 || ''Words'' || Journalist (Lead Role) || English || Sheena Chohan
|-
|2017 || ''Rubbish'' || Lead Role || Hindi || Humaramovie.com
|-
|2018 || ''Fallen Angel'' || Lead Role || English || Groovyfilms
|-
|2019 || ''Taken For A Ride'' || Lead Role || English || Imperial Buddha
|-
|2023 || ''Amar-Prem'' || Neha (Lead Role)
|| Hindi<ref>{{cite news |url=https://getmovieinfo.com/rajendra-shisatkar-and-hemant-pandey-starts-shooting-for-their-next-film-www-world-without-water-directed-by-manoj-pandya/ |title=Rajendra Shisatkar and Hemant Pandey starts shooting for their next film 'WWW …WORLD WITHOUT WATER' directed by Manoj Pandya |date=22 December 2023 |work=Get Movie Info |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> || Great India Film and Television
|-
|2024 || ''Marziyan''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2024/Mar/07/sheena-chohans-new-music-video-marziyan-has-a-heartfelttale |title=Sheena Chohan's new music video Marziyan has a heartfelt tale |date=7 March 2024 |work=Get Movie Info |access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> || Lead role || Hindi || Amerya Productions
|-
|2025 || ''One More'' || Lead Role || Hindi || Jannat Movies
|}

==Web series==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Director !! Language !! Platform !! Ref
|-
|2021 || ''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]'' || PR Manager || [[Bejoy Nambiar]] || Hindi || [[Netflix]] India || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/sheena-chohan-kajol-maam-lifts-the-energy-on-the-set-madhuri-dixit-maam-is-very-down-to-earth/cid/1928571 |title=Sheena Chohan: 'Kajol ma'am lifts the energy on the set; Madhuri Dixit ma'am is very down-to-earth' |date=10 April 2023 |work=The Telegraph India |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2021 || ''[[City of Dreams (TV series)|City of Dreams]]'' || Journalist || [[Nagesh Kukunoor]]||Hindi || [[Disney Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/sheena-chohan-recites-poem-kireet-khuranas-pravasi-1922317 |title=Sheena Chohan recites poem for Kireet Khurana's 'Pravasi' |date=29 July 2020 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2022 || ''[[The Good Wife (Indian TV series)|The Trial]]''|| Jasmin || [[Suparn Verma]] ||Hindi || [[Disney Hotstar]] || [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21975100/ IMDb]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tricityscoop.com/the-actor-who-believes-in-sprinkling-magic/ |title=The Actor Who Believes in Sprinkling Magic! |date=24 October 2022 |work=MoneyControl |access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2022 || ''ExMates'' || Shreya ||Vaibhav Ameta || Hindi || [[Humaramovie]] || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/nandita-das-raveena-tandon-sonakshi-sinha-r-balki-sonu-sood-these-bollywood-personalities-used-the-lockdown-to-create-awareness-about-human-rights-6036771.html |title=These Bollywood personalities used the lockdown to create awareness about human rights |date=31 October 2020 |work=MoneyControl |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.magzter.com/IN/mypencildotcom/MyPencilDotCom-Magazine/Lifestyle/ |title=Bubbly Actress to watch out in the upcoming comedy drama series- |date=1 September 2022 |work=MyPencilDotCom |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2025|| ''Bhayaavah'' || She Devil (Negative Lead) ||Vikas Tiwari|| Hindi || TBA || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/the-trials-sheena-chohan-set-to-play-a-negative-lead-in-her-next-web-series/2b3f700e62640 |title=The Trial's Sheena Chohan set to play a negative lead in her next web series |date=30 July 2023 |work=OTTplay |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Awards==
{{BLP sources section|date=December 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
| '''Year''' || '''Award'''
|-
| 2010||[[I Am She – Miss Universe India|Miss Universe India - I am She]] 2010-"I am voice" (Best expression and audience connectivity)
|-
| ||Lakme Miss Kolkata
|-
| ||Cinderella Beauty and Talent, Kolkata
|-
| 2010||Wild Card Entry Winner of [[I Am She – Miss Universe India|Miss Universe India - I am She]] 2010, Mumbai
|-
|2013 ||Nominated as Best Actress for [[Ant Story]] at [[Dubai International Film Festival|The Dubai International Film Festival 2013]]
|-
|2014 ||Nominated as Best Actress for [[Ant Story]] at [[Shanghai International Film Festival|The Shanghai International Film Festival 2014]] (Golden Goblet Awards)
|-
|2019 || Human Rights Hero Award 2019 at the United Nations as South Asia Ambassador for Youth for Human Rights (1st Indian to receive the award)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/life-details/L/4482/indian-actress-sheena-chohan-awarded-human-rights-hero-at-the-un.html |title=Indian actress Sheena Chohan awarded Human Rights Hero at the UN |date=29 June 2019 |work=India Blooms |access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020|| Excellence in Leadership Award 2020 (as Human Rights South Asia Ambassador)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/12000/actress-and-human-rights-campaigner-sheena-chohan-awarded-at-global-peace-and-unity-summit.html |title=Actress and human rights campaigner Sheena Chohan awarded at global peace and unity summit |date=8 October 2019 |work=India Blooms |access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020|| Woman Super Achiever Award at the World Women's Leadership conference 2020<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/12515/indian-actress-sheena-chohan-awarded-for-empowering-women.html |title=Indian actress Sheena Chohan awarded for empowering women |date=21 February 2020 |work=India Blooms |access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
|- Nominated as the Best Performer for Entertainers Connect 2012 Awards<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheena Chohan Nominee |work=Eventfaqs |url=http://ec.eventfaqs.com/lqawards/artistdetails.aspx?artisitid=135 |date=1 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202045014/http://ec.eventfaqs.com/lqawards/artistdetails.aspx?artisitid=135 |archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>
|2023|| Human Rights Hero Award at the United Nations in New York - February 2023<ref>{{cite news |url=https://go-hre.org/news/indian-actress-sheena-choha-an-advocate-of-human-rights-education-and-awareness-received-the-prestigious-human-rights-hero-award/ |title=Indian actress Sheena Chohan, an advocate of human rights education and awareness, received the prestigious Human Rights Hero Award |date=1 February 2023 |work=Geneva Office for Human Rights Education |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2023|| WGF Best Actress in Comic Role award for Ex- Mates - February 2023<ref>{{cite news |url=https://worldgrowthforums.com/world-growth-forums-magazines/wgf-mag-apr-2023/ |title=WGF Best Actress in Comic Role for Ex-Mates |date=1 April 2023 |work=World Growth Forums |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2024|| US President's Lifetime Achievement Award (for her human rights education work) - June 2024<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsinc24.com/news/sheena-chohan-accepts-award-from-us-president-biden-|title=Sheena Chohan accepts award from US President Biden|date=13 June 2024 |work=NewsInc24 |access-date=15 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2024||Best Actress In a Comedy Role 2024<ref>{{cite web | title=Sheena Chohan gives call for women's safety from an award ceremony | Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management | date=6 September 2024 | url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/IC/18898/sheena-chohan-gives-call-for-women-s-safety-from-an-award-ceremony.html }}</ref>
|-
|2024|| Midday Most Promising Actor Award 2024<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/viral/2024/sheena-chohan-opens-up-on-winning-most-promising-actor-award-2024-011-420945.html|title=Sheena Chohan Opens Up On Winning Most Promising Actor Award 2024 |date=1 October 2024 |work=FilmiBeat |access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2024|| Rising Star Award 2024 by Times Applaud<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/viral/2024/sheena-chohan-honoured-with-rising-star-award-by-times-applaud-011-424445.html|title=Sheena Chohan Receives Rising Star Award For Acting And Human Rights Advocacy- Deets Inside |date=22 October 2024 |work=FilmiBeat |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/viral/2024/sheena-chohan-honoured-with-rising-star-award-by-times-applaud-011-424445.html|title=Sheena Chohan Wins Rising Star Award by Times Applaud |date=22 October 2024 |work=firstshowz |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2024|| Rising Star of the Year Award 2024 by Midday<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.takeonedigitalnetwork.com/sheena-chohan-honored-with-rising-star-of-the-year-award-2024/|title=Sheena Chohan Honored with Rising Star of the Year Award 2024 |date=30 October 2024 |work=TakeOne |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2025||Dr Sarojini Naidu International Award- Best Actress for Sant Tukaram <ref>{{cite news |url=https://bollyy.com/entertainment/dr-sarojini-naidu-international-award-her-iffi-praised-film-sant-tukaram-wins-hearts-10816895/|title=Dr Sarojini Naidu International Award: Her IFFI-praised film Sant Tukaram wins hearts |date=27 November 2025 |work=Bolly |access-date=15 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodcouch.com/sheena-chohan-honoured-with-the-dr-sarojini-naidu-international-award-for-working-women-2025-industry-applauds-her-film-sant-tukaram-at-iffi-goa/|title=Sheena Chohan Honoured with the Dr. Sarojini Naidu International Award for Working Women 2025; Industry Applauds Her Film ‘Sant Tukaram’ at IFFI Goa |date=27 November 2025 |work=Bollywood Couch |access-date=15 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2025||The United Nations Hero Award<ref>{{cite news |url=https://maharashtralokmanch.com/2025/12/11/winner-of-the-hero-award-at-the-united-nations-sheena-chohan-on-human-rights-day-says-lets-bring-indias-human-rights-wisdom-to-the-world/|title=Winner of the Hero Award at the United Nations, Sheena Chohan, on Human Rights Day, says, “Let’s bring India’s human rights wisdom to the world.”|date=11 December 2025 |work=maharashtralokmanch |access-date=15 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/viral/2025/human-rights-day-winner-of-the-hero-award-at-the-united-nations-sheena-chohan-says-let-s-bring-492769.html|title=Human Rights Day - Winner Of The Hero Award At The United Nations, Sheena Chohan Says, 'Let’s Bring India’s..'|date=11 December 2025 |work=FilmiBeat |access-date=15 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2026|| Best Actress Award for Sant Tukaram by the [[World Women Leadership Congress & Awards]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2026/the-anti-diva-advantage-the-professionalism-that-makes-directors-trust-sheena-chohan-to-deliver-505019.html|title=The Anti-Diva Advantage: The Professionalism That Makes Directors Trust Sheena Chohan To Deliver|date=3 March 2026 |work=FilmiBeat |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://mumbaitimes.org/the-anti-diva-advantage-the-professionalism-that-makes-directors-trust-sheena-chohan-to-deliver/|title=The Anti-Diva Advantage: The Professionalism That Makes Directors Trust Sheena Chohan To Deliver|date=2 March 2026 |work=Munbai Times |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
|2026||Cultural Leadership Award for advancing human rights by the World Women Leadership Congress<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2026/the-anti-diva-advantage-the-professionalism-that-makes-directors-trust-sheena-chohan-to-deliver-505019.html|title=The Anti-Diva Advantage: The Professionalism That Makes Directors Trust Sheena Chohan To Deliver|date=3 March 2026 |work=FilmiBeat |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://mumbaitimes.org/the-anti-diva-advantage-the-professionalism-that-makes-directors-trust-sheena-chohan-to-deliver/|title=The Anti-Diva Advantage: The Professionalism That Makes Directors Trust Sheena Chohan To Deliver|date=2 March 2026 |work=Mumbai Times |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons-inline}}
* {{Official website|http://sheenachohan.net}}
* {{IMDb name|6579795}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chohan, Sheena}}
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Dipak Majumder

2026-04-25T02:46:16Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Made the pg w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = Member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| status = 
| term_start = 2024
| term_end = 
| subterm =
| suboffice =
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president =
| governor_general =
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| co-leader =
| deputy =
| lieutenant =
| succeeding = 
| constituency = [[Ramnagar, Tripura Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Surajit Datta]]
| successor = 
| prior_term =
| order2 = 
| office2 = Mayor, [[Agartala Municipal Corporation]]
| term_start2 = 6 December 2021
| subterm2 = 
| suboffice2 = 
| alongside2 = 
| monarch2 = 
| president2 = 
| governor_general2 = 
| prime_minister2 = 
| chancellor2 = 
| taoiseach2 = 
| governor2 = 
| co-leader2 = 
| vice_president2 = 
| vice_prime_minister2 = 
| deputy2 = 
| lieutenant2 = 
| succeeding2 = 
| predecessor2 = 
| successor2 = 
| parliamentary_group2 = 
| constituency2 = 
| majority2 = 
| prior_term2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Dipak Majumder''' is an Indian politician serving as the Member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly since 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bye Election to Assembly Constituencies: Results June-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S237.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deb Barman |first1=Priyanka |title=BJP clinches both Tripura Lok Sabha seats |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-clinches-both-tripura-lok-sabha-seats-101717506975982.html |access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref> He is also serving as Mayor of [[Agartala Municipal Corporation]] from 2021.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majumder, Dipak}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]
{{improve categories|date=June 2024}}

Paonam Brojen Singh

2026-04-20T07:06:53Z

CaraVanOtterloo: bio

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Paonam Brojen
| birth_name = Paonam Brojen
| caption = Paonam Brojen
| image = Paonam brojen.jpg
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Member of Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Wangjing Tentha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Wangjing Tentha]]
| term_start1 = 2012
| term_end1 = 2020
| term_start2 = 2022
| predecessor1 = [[Moirangthem Hemanta Singh]]
| successor1 = Self
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| website =
| profession = Entrepreneur, Social Worker
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Paonam Brojen Singh''' is an Indian politician of [[Manipur]] and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from [[Wangjing Tentha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Wangjing Tentha]] constituency in [[Thoubal District]] from the [[Indian National Congress]] in [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] & [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]].

During the 2020 Manipur vote of confidence, he was one of the eight MLAs who had skipped the assembly proceedings defying the party whip for the trust vote. He resigned from [[Indian National Congress]] and later joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in presence of [[Ram Madhav]], [[Baijayant Panda]] and [[Chief Minister of Manipur]] [[N. Biren Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/manipur-cm-arrives-in-delhi-to-induct-seven-congress-leaders-into-bjp|title=Manipur CM Arrives in Delhi, to Induct Seven Congress Leaders Into BJP|website=The Wire|accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/five-former-congress-mlas-of-manipur-join-bjp/story-t2SEJl06oiZ5K76d5ZXrJP.html|title='Extend my warmest welcome', says Manipur CM after former Congress MLAs join BJP|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/5-manipur-mlas-who-resigned-from-cong-join-bjp-in-delhi-1713023-2020-08-20|title=5 Manipur MLAs who resigned from Cong join BJP in Delhi|website=India Today.|accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/five-former-manipur-congress-mlas-join-bjp-in-new-delhi.html|title=Five former Manipur Congress MLAs join BJP in New Delhi|website= Northeast Now|accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brojen, Paonam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Manipur State Congress Party politicians]]

{{Manipur-BJP-politician-stub}}
{{Manipur-INC-politician-stub}}

Kalaigaon Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:49:57Z

CaraVanOtterloo: added new data with sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalaigaon
| constituency_no = 65
| type = SLA
| map_image = Kalaigaon Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency|Mangaldoi]]
| district = [[Darrang district|Darrang]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
| abolished = 2023
}}
'''Kalaigaon Assembly constituency''' was one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> Kalaigaon formed part of the [[Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>

This constituency was abolished in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Election
!Member
!Party affiliation
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}" |
|[[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Dandi Ram Dutta]]
![[Praja Socialist Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
![[Lakshmi Kanta Saikia]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
![[Nagen Sarma]]
![[Janata Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
![[Mahendra Mohan Rai Choudhury]]
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
!Jew Ram Boro
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
![[Mahendra Mohan Rai Choudhury]]
![[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
!Nathu Boro
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
![[Maheswar Baro]]
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
![[Mukunda Ram Choudhury]]
![[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
![[Maheswar Baro]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
![[Durga Das Boro]]
|}

== Election results ==
===2021===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalaigaon<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
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===1952 by-election===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: [[Kalaigaon]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dandi Ram Dutta]] |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=10,534 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sibaprasad Sarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,688|percentage= |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,846 |percentage= |change= }}
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{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Praja Socialist Party |loser=Socialist Party|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.57|91.97|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Darrang district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

T. S. Kanaka

2026-04-14T16:35:57Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created new article

{{short description|Neurosurgeon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thanjavur Santhanakrishna Kanaka
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| alma_mater = [[Madras Medical College]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1932|03|31}}
| birth_place = Chennai
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|11|14|1932|03|31}}
| death_place = Chennai
| other_names = Tanjore Santhana Krishna Kanaka Kanaka Santhanakrishna
| known_for = Asia's first female neurosurgeon
| occupation = [[Neurosurgery|Neurosurgeon]]
}}
'''T. S. Kanaka''' or '''Thanjavur Santhanakrishna Kanaka''', also known as Tanjore Santhana Krishna Kanaka, (31 March 1932 – 14 November 2018) was [[Asia]]'s first female [[neurosurgeon]]<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Exhibition-on-Indian-women-opens/articleshow/1290124641.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023195327/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-01-01/patna/27108349_1_indian-women-exhibition-science |url-status=live |archive-date=23 October 2012 |title=Exhibition on Indian women opens |date=1 January 2002 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/23/stories/2003042300150400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030704222527/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/23/stories/2003042300150400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-07-04 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Wiping out heritage? |date=2003-04-23 |access-date=2012-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/02/stories/2008040250450200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408012813/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/02/stories/2008040250450200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 April 2008 |title=Tamil Nadu / Tiruchi News : "Check newborns' brain health" |date=2 April 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2012-12-17}}</ref><ref name="thestar2004">{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2004/3/2/features/7143136&sec=features |title=Devoted Healer |last=Benedict |first=Brenda |work=The Star Online |date=2 March 2004 |access-date=2012-12-17 |quote=SHE LOOKS more like an amiable aunt with whom you could string jasmines. But Dr Prof T.S. Kanaka’s smiling face and diminutive frame belie a steely character. Unknown to many, she holds the distinction of being Asia’s first female neurosurgeon. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008061154/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2004%2F3%2F2%2Ffeatures%2F7143136&sec=features |archive-date=8 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and one of the world's first few female neurosurgeons.<ref name="spetzler"/> She was the first neurosurgeon in India to perform [[chronic electrode implants]] in the brain,<ref name="Nashold"/> having been also the first to perform [[deep brain stimulation]] as early as in 1975.<ref name="tsk">Kanaka T S. Back to the future: Glimpses into the past. Neurol India [serial online] 2016 [cited 2016 May 4];64:206-7. Available from: http://www.neurologyindia.com/text.asp?2016/64/2/206/177594</ref> She pioneered functional neurosurgery in the 1960s and 1970s<ref name="tsk"/> along with Prof. Balasubramaniam, Prof. S. Kalyanaraman; and received recognition for her research and contributions to the field of [[stereotactic surgery]].<ref name="Nashold">Nashold B.S. (1994). The History of Stereotactic Neurosurgery. Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery, vol 62, Number 1-4, p.29–40. DOI:10.1159/000098595 [http://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/98595]</ref> She is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html |title=Madras Neuro Trust |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907203315/http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Thanjavur Santhanakrishna Kanaka was one of eight children born to Santhanakrishna and Padmavathi in [[Madras]].<ref name=":0" /> Her father was the deputy director of Public Instruction and principal of Madras Teachers College.<ref name="chari">{{cite web |url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=15516 |title=Carry on, doctor! |author=Srinivas Chari |publisher=Harmony Magazine |date=2011 |access-date=2016-05-04 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204723/http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=15516 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Early on, Kanaka was drawn to spiritual studies, but despite her interest went on to study medicine, completing her Bachelor of Medicine (MBBS) in December 1954 and achieving her [[Master of Surgery]] (MS) in general surgery in March 1963.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://asianyns.org/news/obituary-prof-thanjavur-santhanakrishna-kanaka|title=Obituary: Prof. Thanjavur Santhanakrishna Kanaka {{!}} Asian Medical Students & Residents Society for Neurosurgery|website=asianyns.org|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Ganapathy|first=Krishnan|date=2018-11-01|title=IN MEMORIAM: Thanjavur Santhanakrishna Kanaka (31st March 1932 – 14th Nov 2018)|url=http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2018;volume=66;issue=6;spage=1872;epage=1876;aulast=Ganapathy;type=0|journal=Neurology India|language=en|volume=66|issue=6|pages=1872–1876|doi=10.4103/0028-3886.246235|issn=0028-3886|pmid=30504615|s2cid=54630823 |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 1968, she obtained her Master of Surgery (MCh) in neurosurgery and later completed a PhD in the Evaluation of Stereotatic surgery in [[Cerebral palsy|Cerebral Palsy]] in 1972.<ref name=":2" /> After over 20 years of surgery, Kanaka went back to school and obtained her Diploma in Higher Education (DHEd) in 1983.<ref name=":2" />

== Career ==
Kanaka was one of the world's first female [[neurosurgeon]]s;<ref name="spetzler">{{cite journal |author = Spetzler R. F. |year = 2011 |title = Progress of women in neurosurgery |journal = Asian Journal of Neurosurgery |volume = 6 |issue = 1| pages = 6–12 |doi = 10.4103/1793-5482.85627 |pmid = 22059098 |pmc = 3205553 |doi-access = free }}</ref> having qualified with a degree (MCh) in Neurosurgery in March 1968; after [[Diana Beck]] (1902-1956),<ref>{{cite journal |author = Gikles C.E. |date = Mar 2008 |title = An account of the life and achievements of Miss Diana Beck, neurosurgeon (1902-1956) |journal = Neurosurgery |volume = 62 |issue = 3| pages = 738–42 |doi = 10.1227/01.neu.0000317324.71483.e5 |pmid = 18425021 |s2cid = 115858044 }}</ref> and Aysima Altinok who qualified in November 1959.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Balak N, Elmaci I |year = 2007 |title = A pioneering female neurosurgeon: Dr. Aysima Altinok |journal = Acta Neurochir (Wien) |volume = 149 |issue = 9| pages = 943–8 |pmid=17700990 |doi=10.1007/s00701-007-1252-8|s2cid = 13097330 }}</ref> When [[stereotaxy]] started in Madras in 1960, Kanaka was a member of [[B.Ramamurthi]]'s surgical team that performed the first stereotaxic procedures in India.<ref name="Nashold" /><ref>{{cite web|author=Sridhar K |url=http://www.bioline.org.br/request?ni04009 |title=Bioline International Official Site |publisher=Bioline.org.br |access-date=2012-12-17}}</ref><ref>Neurosurgery in India, by A.P.Karapurkar and S.K.Pandya</ref>

Kanaka served in the Indian Army as a commissioned officer during the 1962-1963 [[Sino-Indian War]].<ref>Asia's first female neurosurgeon Dr.TS Kanaka in Phoenix Pengal 1/3| News7 Tamil. Available from: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwYzNzrdfRk&list=PLMFLgBNDQhNB1l86zPtMtaHYKY5S2n2fC&index=42],
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdXjTSks2kc&list=PLMFLgBNDQhNB1l86zPtMtaHYKY5S2n2fC&index=41], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mYOBTf-_EE&index=40&list=PLMFLgBNDQhNB1l86zPtMtaHYKY5S2n2fC]</ref> She was predominantly associated for most of her career with the [[Government General Hospital]]. Kanaka also taught at the [[Madras Medical College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/07/12/stories/2004071206640500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040909103000/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/07/12/stories/2004071206640500.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=9 September 2004 |title=The Hindu : Tamil Nadu News : 6 doctors presented with Sanjivi award |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=12 July 2004 |access-date=2012-12-17}}</ref> Epidemiological Research Centre, [[Adyar Cancer Institute]], [[Hindu Mission Hospital, Chennai|Hindu Mission Hospital]] and other hospitals. She worked with several organisations to aid provision of healthcare to economically disadvantaged people, including Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams TTD (Tirumala) for over 30 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/article662902.ece |title=SVIMS hosts meeting on epilepsy |work=The Hindu |date=16 February 2009 |access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref>

In 1973, she began an international travel stint, first traveling to Tokyo, Japan, which was one of three places in the world where stereotaxic procedures were performed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> During this time, Kanaka completed a one-year [[Colombo Plan]] Fellowship, where she studied [[phrenic nerve]] stimulation and biomedical devices, including those for pain management and diaphragmatic pacing.<ref name=":2" />

Kanaka retired as a surgeon in 1990, but continued to offer consultancy services and refused to descend into private practice.<ref name=":2" /> In 1996, Kanaka became the Honorary President of the Asian Women's Neurosurgical Association.<ref name=":1" /> At that time she was formally acknowledged as Asia's first female neurosurgeon. She used her own funds to establish a hospital, named after her parents as the Sri Santhanakrishna Padmavathi Health Care and Research Foundation, which offers free healthcare to the needy.<ref name="chari"/><ref name="uma">{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131230/news-current-affairs/article/asia%E2%80%99s-first-neurosurgeon-teaches-art-multi-tasking|title=Asia's first neurosurgeon teaches art of multi-tasking |author=Uma Kannan |publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=30 December 2013 |access-date=2016-05-04}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
After Kanaka successfully obtained her MS degree, her younger brother became ill and died at the age of nine.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2016/09/04/exclusive-interview-dr-t-s-kanaka-asias-first-female-neurosurgeon/|title=Interview: Dr T S Kanaka, Asia's First Female Neurosurgeon – indiamedicaltimes.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref> This tragedy influenced Kanaka's decision to remain unmarried and instead pursue a career in medicine to dedicate her life to helping patients.<ref name=":0" />

Kanaka also faced much discrimination as a pioneering woman in a male-dominated field, as program leaders in her MS program were untrusting of her medical capabilities, often not choosing Kanaka for surgical procedures and limiting the cases she worked in the ER.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> When taking her examinations, Kanaka had to appear multiple times before she was taken seriously.<ref name=":2" />

Kanaka was formerly listed in the [[Limca Book of Records]] for the highest number of blood donations by an individual. As of 2004 she was noted to have donated blood 139 times.<ref name=":1" />

==Death and legacy==
Kanaka died in Chennai on 14 November 2018.<ref name=Satyarthee2019>{{cite journal |last1=Satyarthee |first1=Guru Dutta |last2=Jagdevan |first2=Aman |title=T. S. Kanaka: First Asian Woman Neurosurgeon, Who Pioneered Stereotactic, Functional and Cerebral Electrode Implant Surgery and Developed Separate Neurosurgical Speciality in India Early 1970 |journal=Asian Journal of Neurosurgery |date=2019 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=1050 |doi=10.4103/ajns.AJNS_287_18 |doi-access=free |pmid=31497164 |pmc=6703064 |issn=1793-5482}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
*{{cite journal |last1=Kanaka |first1=T. S. |last2=Ramamurthi |first2=B. |title=Management of depressed fractures of the skull |journal=Neurology India |date=1967 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=10–11 |pmid=6061471 |issn=0028-3886}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Kanaka |first1=T. S. |last2=Balasubramaniam |first2=V. |title=Stereotactic cingulumotomy for drug addiction |journal=Applied Neurophysiology |date=1978 |volume=41 |issue=1–4 |pages=86–92 |doi=10.1159/000102404 |pmid=365103 |issn=0302-2773}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Kanaka |first1=T. S. |last2=Kumar |first2=M. M. |title=Neural stimulation for spinal spasticity |journal=Paraplegia |date=July 1990 |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=399–405 |doi=10.1038/sc.1990.53 |pmid=2235051 |issn=0031-1758}}
*{{cite journal |pmid=26954792 |doi=10.4103/0028-3886.177594 |volume=64 |issue=2 |title=Back to the future: Glimpses into the past |year=2016 |journal=Neurol India |pages=206–7 |last=Kanaka |first=T. S. |doi-access=free }}

==See also==
*[[Yoko Kato]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;issue=1;spage=1;epage=7;aulast=Ramamurthi "Stereotactic surgery in India : the past, present and the future"]. Ramamurthi. NeurologyIndia.com.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121025125209/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-90712176.html "A lifelong passion to heal"]. ''New Straits Times''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031116053031/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/16/stories/2003041600070400.htm "Trail-blazer in women's education"]. ''The Hindu''. 2003-04-16.
* "A lifelong passion to heal" by Sofianni Subki: [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-21830632_ITM AML-632]
* http://greatindianheroes.com/uncategorized/dr-ts-kanaka-asias-first-female-neurosurgeon/

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanaka, T. S.}}
[[Category:Indian neurosurgeons]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian women neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Indian women surgeons]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]

List of national highways in India by state (old numbering)

2026-04-14T02:36:03Z

CaraVanOtterloo: starting new info

{{Short description|none}}
{{about||New national highways by numbers|List of national highways in India|New national highways by state|List of national highways in India by state|New national highways by union territory|List of national highways in India by union territory}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}

This is a list of [[National Highway (India)|national highways]] of [[India]] by state, ''prior'' to their renumbering in 2010–11. For the list of ''current'' highway numbers by state see [[list of national highways in India by state]].
{{TOC right}}

==Andaman and Nicobar Islands==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 223 (India, old numbering)|223]]
|The [[Great Andaman Trunk Road]] connecting [[Port Blair]] - [[Baratang]] - [[Mayabunder]]
|{{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Andhra Pradesh==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length in the State
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|4]]
| From Karnataka border to - [[Palamaner]] - [[Chittoor]] - up to Tamil Nadu Border
| {{convert|83|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|5]]
| Baharagora - [[Cuttack]] - [[Bhubaneshwar]] - [[Vishakhapatnam]] - [[Vijayawada]] - [[Guntur]] - [[Chennai]] from [[Odissha]] border to [[Tamil Nadu]] border
| {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|7]]
| From Telangana border - Ramachandrapuram - [[Gooty]] - [[Hindupur]] to Karnataka border
| {{convert|254|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 4
| [[National Highway 9 (India, old numbering)|9]]
| From Telangana border - [[Vijayawada]]-[[Machilipatnam]]
| {{convert|164|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 5
| [[National Highway 18 (India, old numbering)|18]]
| [[Kurnool]] - [[Nandyal]] + [[Allagadda]] - [[Mydukur]] - [[Cuddapah]] - [[Rayachoti]] - [[Pileru]]- [[Chittoor]]
| {{convert|369|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 6
| [[National Highway 18A (India, old numbering)|18A]]
| [[Puthalapattu]] - [[Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh|Tirupati]]
| {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 7
| [[National Highway 43 (India, old numbering)|43]]
| From Orissa Border - [[Salur]] - [[Ramabhadrapuram]] - [[Vizianagaram]] and terminating at [[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|NH 5]] near [[Natavalasa]] Junction proceeding towards [[Srikakulam]] and near [[Rajapulova]] Junction proceeding towards [[Visakhapatnam]]
| {{convert|83|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 8
| [[National Highway 63 (India, old numbering)|63]]
| From Karnataka Border - [[Guntakal]] - [[Gooty]]
| {{convert|62|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 9
| [[National Highway 205 (India, old numbering)|205]]
| [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh|Anantapur]] - [[Kadiri]] - [[Madanapalle]] - [[Vayalpadu]] - [[Pileru]] - [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]] - [[Renigunta]] - [[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh|Puttur]] - [[Nagari, Andhra Pradesh|Nagari]] up to Tamil Nadu Border
| {{convert|360|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 10
|[[National Highway 214 (India, old numbering)|214]]
| The highway starting from the junction of [[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|NH 5]] near [[Kathipudi]] - [[Pithapuram]] - [[Kakinada]] - [[Yanam]] - [[Amalapuram]] - [[Razole, East Godavari district|Razole]] - [[Palakollu]] - [[Bhimavaram]] - [[Mudinepalli]]-[[Gudivada]] -and terminating at [[National Highway 9 (India, old numbering)|NH 9]] near [[Pamarru, Krishna district|Pamarru]]
| {{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 11
|[[National Highway 214A (India, old numbering)|214A]]
| The highway starting from the junction of [[National Highway 214 (India, old numbering)|NH 214]] near [[Digamarru]] connecting [[Narsapuram]] - [[Machilipatnam]] - [[Challapalli]] - [[Avanigadda]] - [[Repalle]] - [[Bapatla]] - [[Chirala]] and terminating at [[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|NH 5]] near [[Ongole]]
| {{convert|255|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 12
| [[National Highway 219 (India, old numbering)|219]]
| [[Madanapalle]] - [[Punganuru]] - [[Palmaner]] - [[Kuppam]] up to Tamil Nadu Border
| {{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 13
| [[National Highway 221 (India, old numbering)|221]]
| The Highway starting from the junction of NH9 near [[Ibrahimpatnam, Krishna|Ibrahimpatnam]] connecting [[Kondapalli]] - [[Mylavaram]] - [[Cheemalapadu]] - [[Tiruvuru]] - [[Penuballi]] - [[Kothagudem]] - [[Paloncha]] - [[Bhadrachalam]] - [[Nellipaka]] - Chinturu - [[Konta, Chhattisgarh|Konta]] up to Telangana border
| {{convert|68|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 13
| [[National Highway 234 (India, old numbering)|234]]
| From Karnataka border to - [[Venkatagirikota]] - [[Pernampattu]] - up to Tamil Nadu Border
| {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|3169|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Arunachal Pradesh==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 52 (India, old numbering)|52]]
| From Assam Border - [[Pasighat]] - [[Dambuk]] - [[Roing]] - [[Paya, India|Paya]] - [[Tezu]] - [[Wakro]] - [[Namsai, India|Namsai]] up to Assam Border
| {{convert|310|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 52A (India, old numbering)|52A]]
| From Assam Border - [[Itanagar]] up to Assam border
| {{convert|42|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 153 (India, old numbering)|153]]
| From Assam Border + Myanmar border
| {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 4
| [[National Highway 229 (India, old numbering)|229]]
| [[Tawang Town|Tawang]] + [[Pasighat]]
| {{convert|1090|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
!
|}

==Assam==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 31 (India, old numbering)|31]]
| From W.B. Border - [[Gauripur, India|Gouripur]] - [[North Salmara]] - [[Bijni]] - [[Amingaon]], Junction with [[NH 37]]
| {{convert|322|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 31B (India, old numbering)|31B]]
| [[North Salmara]] - Junction with [[NH 37]] near [[Jogighopa]]
| {{convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 31C (India, old numbering)|31C]]
| From W.B. Border - [[Kochgaon]] - [[Sidli]] Jn. With [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH 31]] near [[Bijni]]
| {{convert|93|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 4
| [[National Highway 36 (India, old numbering)|36]]
| [[Nagaon]] - [[Dabaka]] - [[Amlakhi]] - [[Nagaland]] Border
| {{convert|167|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 5
| [[National Highway 37 (India, old numbering)|37]]
| Junction with [[National Highway 31B (India, old numbering)|NH 31B]] near [[Goalpara]] - [[Paikan]] - [[Guwahati]] - [[Dispur]] - [[Nowgaon]] - [[Numaligarh]] - [[Jorhat]] - [[Jhanzi]] - [[Dibrugarh]] - [[Tinsukia]] - [[Makum]]- [[Dum Duma]] - [[Dholla]]
| {{convert|680|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 6
| [[National Highway 37A (India, old numbering)|37A]]
| [[Kuwarital]] – Junction with [[NH 52]] near [[Tezpur]]
| {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 7
| [[National Highway 38 (India, old numbering)|38]]
| [[Makum]] - [[Ledo, Assam|Ledo]] - [[Lekhapani]]
| {{convert|54|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 8
| [[National Highway 39 (India, old numbering)|39]]
| [[Numaligarh]] - [[Naojan]] - [[Bokajan]] up to [[Nagaland]] Border
| {{convert|115|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 9
| [[National Highway 44 (India, old numbering)|44]]
| From [[Meghalaya]] Border - [[Badarpur, Assam|Badarpur]] - [[Karimganj]] - [[Patharkandi]] up to [[Tripura]] Border
| {{convert|111|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 10
| [[National Highway 51 (India, old numbering)|51]]
| [[Paikan]] up to [[Meghalaya]] Border
| {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 11
| [[National Highway 52 (India, old numbering)|52]]
| [[Baihata]] - [[Charali]] - [[Mangaldai]] - [[Dhekiajuli]] - [[Tezpur]] - [[Gohpur]] - [[Banderdewa]] - [[North Lakhimpur]] - [[Dhemaji]] - [[Kulajan]] - Arunachal Border - Junction with NH No.37 near [[Saikhoaghat]]
| {{convert|540|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 12
| [[National Highway 52A (India, old numbering)|52A]]
| [[Gohpur]] - A.P. Border - [[Banderdewa]]
| {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 13
| [[National Highway 52B (India, old numbering)|52B]]
| [[Kulajan]] - [[Dibrugarh]]
| {{convert|31|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 14
| [[National Highway 53 (India, old numbering)|53]]
| Junction with [[NH 44]] near Badarpur - [[Silchar]] - [[Lakhipur]] up to Manipur Border.
| {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 15
| [[National Highway 54 (India, old numbering)|54]]
| [[Dabaka]] - [[Lumding]] - [[Langting]] - [[Hablong]] - [[Silchar]] - [[Dwarband]] up to [[Mizoram]] Border
| {{convert|338|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 16
| [[National Highway 61 (India, old numbering)|61]]
| [[Jhanzi]] - [[Amguri]] - [[Nagaland]] border
| {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 17
| [[National Highway 62 (India, old numbering)|62]]
| [[Dudhnai]] - [[Damara, India|Damara]] up to [[Meghalaya]] Border
| {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 18
| [[National Highway 151 (India, old numbering)|151]]
| [[Karimganj]] - [[Bangladesh]] Border
| {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 19
| [[National Highway 152 (India, old numbering)|152]]
| [[Patacharkuchi]] - [[Hajua]] - [[Bhutan]] Border
| {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 20
| [[National Highway 153 (India, old numbering)|153]]
| [[Ledo, Assam|Ledo]] - [[Lekhapani]] - [[Arunachal Pradesh]] Border
| {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 21
| [[National Highway 154 (India, old numbering)|154]]
| [[Dhaleshwar]] (Hailakandi) - [[Bairabi]] - [[Mizoram]] Border
| {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|2836|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Bihar==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
![[National highways in India|NH]]
!Route inside Bihar
!Complete Route
!Length in State (km)
!Total Length
|-
| [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] border – [[Mohania]] – [[Kudra]] – [[Sasaram]] – [[Dehri]] – [[Aurangabad, Bihar|Aurangabad]] – [[Madanpur, India|Madanpur]] – [[Dobhi]] – [[Barachati]] – [[Jharkhand]] border
|[[Delhi]] – [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] – [[Agra]] – [[Kanpur]] – [[Allahabad]] – [[Varanasi]] – Mohania – [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]] – [[Palsit]] – [[Baidyabati]] – [[Calcutta]]
|Delhi (12), [[Haryana]] (74), Uttar Pradesh (752), [[Bihar]] (202), Jharkhand (190), [[West Bengal]] (235)
|1465
|-
|[[National Highway 19 (India, old numbering)|19]]
| Uttar Pradesh border – [[Manjhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Manjhi]] – [[Chhapra]] – [[Sonepur, Bihar|Sonpur]] – [[Hajipur]] – [[Patna]]
|[[Ghazipur]] – [[Ballia|Balia]] – Manjhi – Chhapra – Sonpur – Hajipur – Patna
|Bihar (120), Uttar Pradesh (120)
|240
|-
|[[National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)|28]]
|Junction with NH 31 – [[Barauni]] – [[Bachwara]] – [[Tajpur, Bihar|Tajpur]] – [[Muzaffarpur]] – [[Mehsi]] – [[Chakia, Bihar|Chakia]] – Gopalganj – Uttar Pradesh border
|Junction with NH 31 – Barauni – Muzaffarpur – [[Pipra]] – [[Kothi, Bihar|Kothi]] – [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]] – [[Lucknow]]
|Bihar (259), Uttar Pradesh (311)
|570
|-
| [[National Highway 28A (India, old numbering)|28A]]
|Junction with NH 28 – Pipra – Kothi – [[Sagauli]] – [[Raxaul]] – Indo-Nepal Border
|Junction with NH 28 – Pipra – Kothi – Sagauli – Raxauli – Indo-Nepal border
|Bihar (68)
|68
|-
| [[National Highway 28B (India, old numbering)|28B]]
| [[Chhapra|Chapra]] – [[Bettiah]] – [[Lauriya]] – [[Bagaha]] – [[Chhitauni]] – Uttar Pradesh Border
| Chapra – Bettiah – Lauriya – Bagaha – Chhitauni – Uttar Pradesh border
| Bihar (121)
|121
|-
|[[National Highway 30 (India, old numbering)|30]]
| Junction with 2 – Mohania – [[Kochas]] – [[Dinara, India|Dinara]] – [[Bikramganj]] – [[Arrah]] – [[Danapur]] – Patna – [[Fatuha]] – [[Bakhtiarpur]]
|Junction with NH 2 – Mohania – Arrah – Patna – Bakhtiarpur
|Bihar (230)
|230
|-
|[[National Highway 30A (India, old numbering)|30A]]
|Fatuha – [[Chandi]] – [[Harnaut]] – [[Barh]]
|Fatuha – Chandi – Harnaut – Barh
|Bihar (65)
|65
|-
|[[National Highway 31 (India, old numbering)|31]]
| Jharkhand border – [[Rajauli]] – [[Nawada]] – [[Bihar Sharif]] – Bakhtiarpur – Barh – [[Mokameh]] – Barauni – [[Begusarai]] – Balia – [[Khagaria]] – [[Bihpur]] – [[Kursela]] – [[Purnia]] – [[Baisi]] – West Bengal – [[Kishanganj]] – West Bengal border
|Junction with NH 2 – Barhi – Bakhtiarpur – Mokameh – [[Purnea]] – [[Dalkola]] – [[Siliguri]] – [[Sevok]] – [[Cooch Behar]] – [[North Salmara]] – [[Nalbari]] – [[Charali]] – [[Amingaon]] Junction with [[National Highway 37 (India)|NH 37]]
|Bihar (393), West Bengal (366), [[Assam]] (322), Jharkhand (44)
|1125
|-
|[[National Highway 57 (India, old numbering)|57]]
|Muzaffarpur – [[Darbhanga]] – [[Jhanjharpur]] – [[Narahia]] – [[Narpatganj]] – [[Forbesganj]] – [[Araria]] – Purnia
|Muzaffarpur – Darbhanga – Jhanjharpur – Narahia – Narpatganj – Forbesganj – Araria – Purnia
|Bihar (310)
|310
|-
| [[National Highway 57A (India, old numbering)|57A]]
| Junction with 57 – Forbesganj – [[Jogbani]]
| Junction with NH 57 – Forbesganj – Jogbani
| Bihar (15)
| 15
|-
|[[National Highway 77 (India, old numbering)|77]]
|Hajipur – Muzaffarpur – [[Sitamarhi]] – [[Sonbarsa]]
|Hajipur – Muzaffarpur – Sitamarhi – Sonbarsa
|Bihar (142)
|142
|-
|[[National Highway 80 (India, old numbering)|80]]
|[[Mokamah]] – [[Luckeesarai]] – [[Munger]] – [[Bhagalpur]] – [[Kahalgaon]] – Jharkhand border
|Mokamah – Luckeesarai – Munger – Bhagalpur – Kahalgaon – [[Rajmahal]] – [[Farrakka Barrage Township|Farrakka]]
|Bihar (200), Jharkhand (100), West Bengal (10)
|310
|-
|[[National Highway 81 (India, old numbering)|81]]
|[[Kora, Katihar|Kora]] – [[Katihar]] – [[English Bazar|Malda]] – West Bengal border
|Kora – Katihar – Malda – West Bengal Border
|Bihar (45), West Bengal (55)
|100
|-
|[[National Highway 82 (India, old numbering)|82]]
| [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] – [[Hisua]] — [[Rajgir]] – [[Bar Bigha]] – Bihar Sharif – Mokameh
| Gaya – Hisua — Rajgir – Bar Bigha- Bihar Sharif – Mokameh
|Bihar (130)
|130
|-
|[[National Highway 83 (India, old numbering)|83]]
|Patna – [[Jehanabad]] – [[Bela, Bihar|Bela]] – Gaya – [[Bodhgaya]] – Dobhi
|Patna – Jehanabad – Bela – Gaya – Bodhgaya – Dobhi
|Bihar (130)
|130
|-
|[[National Highway 84 (India, old numbering)|84]]
|Arrah – [[Buxar]]
|Arrah – Buxar
|Bihar (60)
|60
|-
|[[National Highway 85 (India, old numbering)|85]]
|Chhapra – [[Ekma]] – [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]] – [[Gopalganj, India|Gopalganj]]
|Chhapra – Ekma – Siwan – Gopalganj
|Bihar (95)
|95
|-
|[[National Highway 98 (India, old numbering)|98]]
| Patna – [[Arwal]] – [[Daudnagar]] – Aurangabad – [[Rajhara]] – [[Amba, Bihar|Amba]] – Jharkhand border
| Patna – Arwal – Daudnagar – Aurangabad – Rajhara – Amba – Jharkhand border
|Bihar (156), Jharkhand (51)
|207
|-
|[[National Highway 101 (India, old numbering)|101]]
|Chhapra – [[Baniapur]] – [[Mohammadpur, Bihar|Mohammadpur]]
|Chhapra – Baniapur – Mohamadpur
|Bihar (60)
|60
|-
|[[National Highway 102 (India, old numbering)|102]]
|Chhapra – [[Rewaghat]] – Muzaffarpur
|Chhapra – Rewaghat – Muzaffarpur
|Bihar (80)
|80
|-
|[[National Highway 103 (India, old numbering)|103]]
|Hajipur – [[Hazrat Jandaha]] – [[Mushrigharari]]
|Hajipur – Hazrat Jandaha – Mushrigharari
|Bihar (55)
|55
|-
|[[National Highway 104 (India, old numbering)|104]]
|Chakia – [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]] – [[Jainagar, Bihar|Jainagar]] – [[Shivhar]] – Sitamarhi – [[Sursand]] – Jainagar – Narahia
|Chakia – Madhubani – Jainagar – Shivhar – Sitamarhi – Sursand – Jainagar – Narahia
|Bihar (160)
|160
|-
|[[National Highway 105 (India, old numbering)|105]]
|Darbhanga – [[Aunsi]] – Jainagar
|Darbhanga – Aunsi – Jainagar
|Bihar (66)
|66
|-
|[[National Highway 106 (India, old numbering)|106]]
|[[Birpur, Supaul|Birpur]] – Pipra – [[Madhepura]] – Kishanganj – Bihpur
|Birpur – Pipra – Madhepura – Kishanganj – Bihpur
|Bihar (130)
|130
|-
|[[National Highway 107 (India, old numbering)|107]]
|[[Maheshkhunt]] – [[Sonbarsa Raj]] – [[Simri Bakhtiyarpur]] – [[Bariahi]] – [[Saharsa]] –Madhepura – [[Banmankhi]] – Purnia
|Maheshkhunt – Sonbarsa Raj – Simri Bakhtiarur – Bariahi – Saharsa – Madhepura – Banmankhi – Purnia
|Bihar (145)
|145
|-
| [[National Highway 110 (India, old numbering)|110]]
| Junction with NH 98 – Arwal – Jehanabad – [[Bandhuganj]] – [[Kako, Bihar|Kako]] – [[Ekangarsarai]] – Bihar Sharif – Junction with
| Junction with NH 98 – Arwal – Jehanabad – Bandhuganj – Kako – Ekangarsarai – Biharsharif – Junction with NH 31
|Bihar (89)
| 89
|}

==Chandigarh==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 21 (India, old numbering)|21]]
| Starting from [[Punjab (Mohali Town)(India)|Punjab]] Mohali phase 6 – [[Chandigarh]] up to Zirakpur [[punjab]] Border (mohali District)
| {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Chhattisgarh==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 53 (India, old numbering)|53]]
| From Maharashtra Border - [[Baghnadi]] - [[Chichola]] - [[Rajnandgaon]] - [[Durg]] - [[Bhilai]] - [[Raipur]] - [[Arang]] - [[Pithora, Chhattisgarh|Pithora]] - [[Basna]] - [[Saraipali]] - up to Orissa Border
| {{convert|314|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 12A (India, old numbering)|12A]]
| From M.P. Border - [[Chilpi]] - [[Kawardha]] - [[Pipariya, Chhattisgarh|Pipariya]] - [[Bemetara]] - [[Simga]]
| {{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 16 (India, old numbering)|16]]
| From Maharashtra Border - [[Bhopalpatnam]] - [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] - [[Bhairamgarh]] - [[Gidam, Chhattisgarh|Gidam]] - [[Jagdalpur]]
| {{convert|210|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 4
| [[National Highway 30 (India, old numbering)|30]]
| [[Raipur]] - [[Deori, Bilaspur district|Deori]] - [[Dhamtari]] - [[Charama]] - [[Kanker, Chhattisgarh|Kanker]] - [[Keskal]] - [[Pharasgaon]] - [[Kondagaon]] - [[Jagdalpur]] up to Orissa Border
| {{convert|316|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 5
| [[National Highway 43 (India, old numbering)|43]]
| From M.P. Border - [[Mahendragarh]] - [[Baikunthpur, Koriya|Baikunthpur]] - [[Surajpur, Chhattisgarh|Surajpur]] - [[Ambikapur, India|Ambikapur]] - [[Kunkuri]] - [[Pathalgaon]] - [[Raikera]] - [[Jashpurnagar]] - [[Rupsera]] - [[Jharkhand]] Border
| {{convert|356|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 6
| [[National Highway 111 (India, old numbering)|111]]
| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] - [[Ratanpur]] - [[Katghore]] - [[Kendai]] - [[Surajpur, India|Surajpur]]
| {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 7
| [[National Highway 200 (India, old numbering)|200]]
| [[Raipur]] - [[Simga]] - [[Baitalpur]] - [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] - [[Ramgarh, Ambikapur|Ramgarh]] - [[Champa]] - [[Sakti, Chhattisgarh|Sakti]] - [[Uravmiti]] - [[Raigarh]] up to Orissa Border
| {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 8
| [[National Highway 202 (India, old numbering)|202]]
| [[Bhopalpatnam]] - [[Bhadrakali]] - [[Kotturu, Karnataka|Kotturu]] up to A.P. Border
| {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 9
| [[National Highway 216 (India, old numbering)|216]]
| [[Raigarh]] - [[Sarangarh]] - [[Saraipali]]
| {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 10
| [[National Highway 217 (India, old numbering)|217]]
| [[Raipur]] - [[Mahasamund]] - [[Suarmar]]-[[Kunkuri]]-[[Jashpur]] up to Orissa Border
| {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 11
| [[National Highway 221 (India, old numbering)|221]]
| From A.P. Border [[Konta, Chhattisgarh|Konta]] - [[Sukma]] - [[Kukanar]] - [[Darba]] - [[Sosanpal]] - Terminating junction with NH16 near [[Jagadalpur]]
| {{convert|280|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|2290|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Delhi==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 1 (India, old numbering)|1]]
| Outer Ring Road/ Transport Nagar - [[Haryana]] Border
| {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]]
| NH2/Ring Road - [[Delhi Capital]] - [[Haryana]] Border
| {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]]
| From Delhi to Faridabad
| {{convert|4.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 4
| [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|8]]
| Ring Road –[[Haryana]] Border
| {{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 5
| [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|10]]
| Outer Ring Road - [[Mundka]] - [[Haryana]] Border
| {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 6
| [[National Highway 24 (India, old numbering)|24]]
| Nizamuddin Road - U.P.border.
| {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|76.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Goa==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No. !! NH No. !! Route !! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
| [[National Highway 4A (India, old numbering)|4A]]
| From Karnataka Border - [[Darbandora]] - [[Ponda, Goa|Ponda]] - [[Bhoma]] - [[Banastari]] - [[Panaji]]
| {{convert|171|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 17 (India, old numbering)|17]]
| From Maharashtra Border - [[Pernem]] - [[Mapuca]] - [[Panaji]] - [[Cortalim]] - [[Verna, Goa|Verna]] - [[Margao]] - [[Cuncolim]] - [[Chauri]] (Chauri) - [[Polem]] up to Karnataka Border
| {{convert|139|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 17A (India, old numbering)|17A]]
| [[Cortalim]] (Kortali) - [[Sancoale]] - [[Chicalim]] - [[Murmugao]]
| {{convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 4
| [[National Highway 17B (India, old numbering)|17B]]
| [[Ponda, India|Ponda]] - [[Verna, Goa|Verna]] - [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]
| {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|369|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Gujarat==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
| NE-1
| [[Ahmedabad]] - [[Vadodara]] Expressway
| {{convert|93|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
| [[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|6]]
| [[Hazira|Hajira]] - [[Surat]] - [[Bardoli]] - [[Vyara]] - [[Songadh]] up to Maharashtra Border
| {{convert|177|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 3
| [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|8]]
| From Rajasthan Border - [[Himatnagar]] - [[Ahmedabad|Ahmadabad]] - [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] - [[Vadodara]] - Karjan -[[Bharuch]] - [[Ankleshwar]] - Chalthan ([[Surat]]) - [[Navsari]] - [[Valsad]] - [[Vapi]] - Maharashtra Border
|{{convert|498|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 8A (India, old numbering)|8A]]
| [[Ahmedabad]] - [[Bagodra]] - [[Limbdi]] - [[Bamanbore]] - [[Morbi]] - [[Samakhiali]] - [[Kandla]] – [[Mandvi]] - [[Vikhadi]] - [[Kothara, Kutch|Kothara]] - [[Naliya]] up to Narayan Sarovar
|{{convert|618|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
| [[National Highway 8B (India, old numbering)|8B]]
| [[Jamnagar]] - [[Rajkot]] - [[Gondal, India|Gondal]] - [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]] - [[Dhoraji]] - [[Kutiyana]] - [[Porbandar]]
|{{convert|206|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
| [[National Highway 8C (India, old numbering)|8C]]
| [[Chiloda]] - [[Gandhinagar]] - [[Sarkhej]]
|{{convert|46|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
| [[National Highway 8D (India, old numbering)|8D]]
| [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]] - [[Junagadh]] - [[Keshod]] - [[Somnath]]
|{{convert|127|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
| [[National Highway 8E (India, old numbering)|8E]]
| [[Dwarka]] - [[Porbandar]] - [[Navibabder]] - [[Somnath]] - [[Kodinar]] - [[Una, Gujarat|Una]] - [[Mahuva (Bhavnagar district)|Mahuva]] - [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] - [[Bhavnagar]]
|{{convert|445|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
| [[National Highway 14 (India, old numbering)|14]]
|From Rajasthan Border - [[Palanpur]] - [[Deesa]] - [[Sihori]] - [[Radhanpur]]
|{{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
| [[National Highway 15 (India, old numbering)|15]]
| [[Samakhiali]] - [[Santalpur]] - [[Radhanpur]] - [[Bhaghar]] - [[Tharad]] up to Rajasthan Border
|{{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
| [[National Highway 59 (India, old numbering)|59]]
| [[Ahmedabad]] - [[Kathua]] - [[Godhra]] - [[Dahod]] up to M.P. Border
|{{convert|211|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
| [[National Highway 113 (India, old numbering)|113]]
| [[Dahod]] - [[Limdi]] - [[Zalod]] - [[Rajasthan]] Border.
|{{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
| [[National Highway 228 (India, old numbering)|228]]
| '''Dandi heritage route''' [[Sabarmati Ashram]] - [[Aslali]] - [[Navagam]] - [[Matar, Gujarat|Matar]] - - [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] - [[Borsad]] - [[Kankapura]] - [[Kareli, Gujarat|Kareli]] - [[Ankhi]] - [[Amod, Gujarat|Amod]] - [[Derol]] - [[Ankleshwar]] - [[Mangrol, Surat|Mangrol]] - [[Umrachi]] - [[Bhatgam]] - [[Delad]] - [[Surat]] - [[Vanjh]] - [[Navsari]] - [[Kardi, Gujarat|Kardi]] - [[Dandi, Gujarat|Dandi]]
|{{convert|374|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|3245|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Haryana==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 1 (India, old numbering)|1]] (now [[National Highway 44 (India)|44]])
|From Delhi Border at [[Narela|Singhu, Narela]] - [[Panipat]] - [[Karnal]] - [[Ambala]] up to Punjab Border
|{{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]] (now [[National Highway 44 (India)|44]])
|From Delhi Border at [[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]] - [[Faridabad]] - [[Ballabhgarh]] - [[Palwal]] - [[Hodal]] up to Uttar Pradesh Border
|{{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
| [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|8]] (now [[National Highway 48 (India)|48]])
|From Delhi Border at [[Rajokri]] - [[Gurgaon]] - [[Manesar]] - [[Dharuhera]] - [[Bawal|Bawal, Rewari]] - up to Rajasthan Border
|{{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|10]] (now [[National Highway 9 (India)|9]])
|From Delhi Border at Tikri - [[Bahadurgarh]] - [[Rohtak]] - [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] - [[Sirsa]] - [[Mandi Dabwali|Dabwali]] up to Punjab Border
|{{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
| [[National Highway 21A (India, old numbering)|21A]] (now [[National Highway 105 (India)|105]])
|From [[Pinjore]] up to Himachal Pradesh Border towards [[Swarghat]] before [[Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh)|Bilaspur]]
|{{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
| [[National Highway 22 (India, old numbering)|22]] (now [[National Highway 105 (India)|5]])
|From Chandigarh to [[Panchkula]] - [[Kalka]] - up to [[Parwanoo]] on Himachal Pradesh Border
|{{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
| [[National Highway 73 (India, old numbering)|73]] (now [[National Highway 344 (India)|344]])
|From [[Ambala]] up to Uttar Pradesh Border towards [[Roorkee]]
|{{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|}

==Himachal Pradesh==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|1A]]
|From Punjab Border - [[Kathua]] - [[Samba, Jammu|Samba]] - [[Jammu]] - [[Nagrota]] - [[Udhampur]] - Batot - [[Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)|Ramban]] - [[Khanabal]] - [[Awantipora]] - [[Pampore]] - [[Srinagar]] - [[Pattan]] - [[Baramula]] - [[Uri (India)|Uri]]
|{{convert|545|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 154 (India, old numbering)|154]]
| [[Pathankot]] - [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]
|{{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 21 (India, old numbering)|21]]
| [[Chandigarh]] - [[Ropar]] - [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]] - [[Kullu]] - [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]
|{{convert|323|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 21A (India, old numbering)|21A]]
| [[Pinjore]] - [[Swarghat]]
|{{convert|65|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 22 (India, old numbering)|22]]
| [[Ambala]] - [[Shimla]] - [[Rampur Bushahr]] - Up to Indo-China border near [[Shipki La]]
|{{convert|459|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 70 (India, old numbering)|70]]
| [[Jalandhar]] - [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]
|{{convert|170|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 72 (India, old numbering)|72]]
| [[Ambala]] - [[Paonta]] - [[Haridwar]]
|{{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 73A (India, old numbering)|73A]]
| [[Yamuna Nagar]] - [[Paonta Sahib]]
|{{convert|62|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 88 (India, old numbering)|88]]
| [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] - [[Shimla]]
|{{convert|224|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|2264|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Jammu and Kashmir==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|1A]]
|From Punjab Border - [[Kathua]] - [[Samba, Jammu|Samba]] - [[Jammu]] - [[Nagrota]] - [[Udhampur]] - [[Batot]] - [[Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)|Ramban]] - [[Khanabal]] - [[Awantipora]] - [[Pampore]] - [[Srinagar]] - [[Pattan]] - [[Baramula]] - [[Uri (India)|Uri]]
|{{convert|541|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 1B (India, old numbering)|1B]]
| [[Batote]] - [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]] - [[Kistwar]] - [[Symthanpass]] - [[Khanabal]]
|{{convert|274|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 1C (India, old numbering)|1C]]
| [[Domel]] - [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]]
|{{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 1D (India, old numbering)|1D]]
| [[Srinagar]] - [[Kargil town|Kargil]] - [[Leh]]
|{{convert|422|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|1245|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Jharkhand==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]]
|From Bihar Border - [[Chauparan]] - [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]] - [[Barakatha]] - [[Bagodar]] - [[Dumri, Dildarnagar|Dumri]] - [[Topchanchi]] - [[Gobindpur, Jharkhand|Gobindpur]] - [[Nirsa]] - [[Maithan Dam]] up to West Bengal Border
|{{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|6]]
|From Orissa Border - [[Baharagora]] up to W.B. Border
|{{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 23 (India, old numbering)|23]]
| [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]([[Bokaro Steel City]]) - [[Gola, Jharkhand|Gola]] - [[Ramgarh, Jharkhand|Ramgarh]] - [[Ranchi]] - [[Bero (India)|Bero]] - [[Sisai]] - [[Gumla]] - [[Palkot]] - [[Kolebira]] - [[Simdega]] - Orissa Border
|{{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 31 (India, old numbering)|31]]
|Jn. with NH2 near [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]] - [[Kodarama]] up to Bihar border
|{{convert|44|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 32 (India, old numbering)|32]]
|Junction with NH2 near [[Govindpur Area|Govindpur]] - [[Dhanbad]] - [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]([[Bokaro Steel City]]) - West Bengal Border - [[Chandil]] - [[Jamshedpur]]
|{{convert|107|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 33 (India, old numbering)|33]]
|Junction with NH2 near [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]] - [[Hazaribag]] - [[Ramgarh, Jharkhand|Ramgarh]] - [[Ranchi]] - [[Bundu, India|Bundu]] - [[Chandil]] - [[Jamshedpur]]- [[Mahulia]] - Junction with NH6 near [[Baharagora]]
|{{convert|352|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 75 (India, old numbering)|75]]
|From UP Border - [[Nagar untari]] - [[Garhwa]] - [[Daltonganj]] - [[Latehar]] - [[Chandwa]] - [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] - Mandar - [[Ranchi]] - [[Khunti]] - [[Band Gaon]] - [[Chakradharpur]] - [[Chaibasa]] - [[Jainitgarh]] up to Orissa Border.
|{{convert|447|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 78 (India, old numbering)|78]]
|From Chhattisgarh Border - [[Silam, India|Silam]] - [[Gumla]]
|{{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|91
|[[National Highway 80 (India, old numbering)|80]]
|From Bihar Border - [[Sahibganj]] - [[Talihari]] - [[Rajmahal]] - [[Barharwa]] up to West Bengal Border
|{{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 98 (India, old numbering)|98]]
|From Bihar Border - [[Hariharganj]] - [[Chhatarpur]] terminating near [[Rajhara]] at NH75
|{{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 99 (India, old numbering)|99]]
| [[Chandwa]] - [[Balumath]] - [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]] - [[Hunterganj]] up to Bihar Border
|{{convert|156|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 100 (India, old numbering)|100]]
| [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]] - [[Tutilawa]] - [[Hazaribagh]] - [[Meru, Hazaribagh|Meru]] - [[Daru-Kharika]] - [[Bagodar]]
|{{convert|118|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|1861|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Karnataka==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|4]]
|From Maharashtra border - [[Nippani]] - [[Sankeshwar]] - [[Belgaum]] - [[Dharwad]] - [[Hubli]] - [[Haveri]]-[[Shiggoan]] - [[Ranebennur]] - [[Harihar]][[Davangere]] - [[Chitradurga]] - [[Sira, India|Sira]] - [[Tumkur]] - [[Nelamangala]] - [[Bangalore]] - [[Hoskote]] - [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] - [[Mulbagal]] - Up to Andhra Pradesh border
|{{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 4A (India, old numbering)|4A]]
| [[Belgaum]] - [[Khanapur]] - [[Gunji, Karnataka|Gunji]] - Up to [[Goa]] border
|{{convert|82|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|7]]
|From Andhra Pradesh border - [[Chik Ballapur]] - [[Devanahalli]] - [[Bangalore]]-[[Electronics City]] - [[Chandapura]] - [[Attibele]] - Up to Tamil Nadu border
|{{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 9 (India, old numbering)|9]]
|From Maharashtra border - [[Rajeshwar]] - [[Homnabad]] - [[Mangalgi]] - Up to Andhra Pradesh border.
|{{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 13 (India, old numbering)|13]]
|From Maharashtra border - [[Horti]] - [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] - [[Hungund]] - [[Kushtagi]] - [[Hospet]] - [[Jagalur]] - [[Chitradurga]] - [[Holalkere]] - [[Bhadravathi, Karnataka|Bhadravati]] - [[Shimoga]] - [[Tirthahalli]] - [[Karkal]] - [[Mangalore]]
|{{convert|719|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 17 (India, old numbering)|17]]
|From Goa border - [[Karwar]] - [[Ankola]] - [[Kumta]] - [[Honavar]] - [[Bhatkal]] - [[Kundapur]] - [[Udupi]] - [[Surathkal]]-[[Mangalore]] - [[Talapady]] - Up to Kerala border.
|{{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 75 (India, old numbering)|75]]
| [[Nelamangala]] - [[Kunigal]] - [[Channarayapatna]] - [[Hassan, India|Hassan]] - [[Alur, Hassan|Alur]] - [[Sakleshpur]] - [[Uppinangadi]] - [[Mangalore]]
|{{convert|328|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 63 (India, old numbering)|63]]
| [[Ankola]] - [[Yellapur]] - [[Kalghatgi]] - [[Hubli]] - [[Gadag]] - [[Koppal]] - [[Hospet]] - [[Bellary]] up to Andhra Pradesh border
|{{convert|370|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 67 (India, old numbering)|67]]
| [[Gundlupet]] - [[Bandipur]] up to Tamil Nadu border
|{{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 206 (India, old numbering)|206]]
| [[Tumkur]] - [[Tiptur]] - [[Arsikere]] - [[Kadur]] - [[Bhadravati, Karnataka|Bhadravati]] - [[Shimoga]] - [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagar]] - [[Honavar]] and terminating at its junction with NH No.17 in Honavar.
|{{convert|363|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 173 (India, old numbering)|173]]
|From [[Mudigere]]-[[Chikmagalur]]-[[Kadur]]
|{{convert|72.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 207 (India, old numbering)|207]]
|From Tamil Nadu border - [[Sarjapur]] - [[Hoskote]] - [[Devanhalli]] - [[Doddaballapura]] -[[Dobbaspet]]
|{{convert|135|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 209 (India, old numbering)|209]]
|From Tamil Nadu border - [[Chamrajnagar]] - [[Kollegal]] - [[Malavalli]] - [[Kanakapura]] - [[Bangalore]]
|{{convert|170|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 212 (India, old numbering)|212]]
|From Kerala border - [[Gundlupet]] - [[Nanjangud]] - [[Mysore]] - [[T Narsipur]] - [[Kollegal]]
|{{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 218 (India, old numbering)|218]]
| [[Hubli]] - [[Nargund]] - [[Kerur]] - [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] - [[Sindgi]] - [[Jevargi]] - [[Gulbarga]] and terminating at its junction with NH No.9 near [[Homnabad]]
|{{convert|399|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
|[[National Highway 234 (India, old numbering)|234]]
| [[Mangalore]] - [[Belthangady]] - [[Mudigere]] - [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] - [[Huliyar]] - [[Sira, India|Sira]] - [[Madhugiri]] - [[Gauribidanur]] - [[Chintamani (town)|Chintamani]][[Srinivasapur]] - Up to Andhra Pradesh Border
|{{convert|509|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|4189|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Kerala==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 17 (India, old numbering)|17]]
|Karnataka Border - [[Manjeshwar]] - [[Kasaragod]] - [[Kanhangad]] - [[Payyannur]] - [[Kannur]] - [[Thalassery]]- [[Vatakara]] - [[Kozhikode|Kozhikode (Calicut)]] - [[Feroke]] - [[Kottakkal]] - [[Valanchery]] - [[Kuttipuram]] - [[Ponnani]] - [[Chavakkad]] - [[Kodungallur]] - [[North Paravur]] Junction with [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] at [[Edappally]], [[Kochi]]
|{{convert|421|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 47 (India, old numbering)|47]]
|Tamil Nadu Border - [[Walayar]] - [[Palakkad]] (Palghat) - [[Alathur]] - [[Mannuthy]] - [[Chalakudy]] - [[Angamaly]] - [[Aluva]] - [[Edappally|Kochi (Edapally)]] - [[Kochi| Kochi (Vytilla)]] - [[Cherthala]] - [[Alappuzha|Alappuzha (Alleppey)]] - [[Kayamkulam]] - [[Kollam]] - [[Thiruvananthapuram]] - up to [[Kanniyakumari]] in Tamil Nadu border.
|{{convert|417|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 47A (India, old numbering)|47A]]
|[[Ernakulam|Kochi]] bypass (Kundanur) Junction with [[National Highway 47 (India, old numbering)|47]] - [[Willingdon Island]]
|{{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 47C (India, old numbering)|47C]]
|[[Ernakulam|Kochi]] bypass (Kalamasserry Junction) with [[National Highway 47 (India, old numbering)|47]] - [[Vallarpadam]]
|{{convert|17.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 49 (India, old numbering)|49]]
| [[Ernakulam|Kochi]] bypass (Kundanur Junction). - [[Thripunithura]] - [[Muvattupuzha]] - [[Kothamangalam, Kerala|Kothamangalam]] - [[Adimali]] - [[Devikulam]] up to Tamil Nadu Border
|{{convert|167|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 183A (India, old numbering)|183A]]
| [[Adoor]] - [[Kaipattoor]] - [[Pathanamthitta]] - [[Mylapra]] - Laha - [[Vandiperiyar]]
|{{convert|156|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 208 (India, old numbering)|208]]
| [[Kollam]] - [[Kottarakara]] - [[Punalur]] - [[Thenmala]] - [[Aryankavu]] up to Tamil Nadu border
|{{convert|81|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 212 (India, old numbering)|212]]
| [[Kozhikode]] - [[Thamarassery]] - [[Kalpetta]] - [[Sulthan Bathery|Sultan Battery]] up to Karnataka Border
|{{convert|119|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 213 (India, old numbering)|213]]
| [[Palakkad]] - [[Mannarkkad]] - [[Perinthalmanna]] - [[Malappuram]] - Junction with [[NH 17]] at [[Ramanattukara]]
|{{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 220 (India, old numbering)|220]]
| [[Kollam]] - [[Kadavoor]] - [[Kundara]] - [[Kottarakara]] - [[Adoor]] - [[Pandalam]] - [[Chengannur]] - [[Thiruvalla]] - [[Changanassery]] - [[Kottayam]] - [[Ponkunnam]] - [[Kanjirappally|Kanjirapally]] - [[Mundakayam]] - [[Peermade]] - [[Vandiperiyar]] - [[Kumily]] up to Tamil Nadu border
|{{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|1543.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Madhya Pradesh==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|3]]
|Rajasthan border – [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]] - [[Gwalior]] - [[Shivpuri]] - [[Guna, India|Guna]] - [[Biaora]] - [[Pachore]] - [[Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh|Sarangpur]] - [[Shajapur]] - [[Maksi]] - [[Dewas]] - [[Indore]] - [[Thikri]] - [[Sendhwa]] - up to Maharashtra border
|{{convert|712|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|7]]
|From UP border - [[Mauganj]] - [[Mangawan]] - [[Rewa, India|Rewa]] - [[Katni]] - [[Jabalpur]] - [[Lakhnadon]] - [[Seoni]] - [[Gopalganj, Madhya Pradesh|Gopalganj]] - [[Khawasa]] up to Maharashtra border.
|{{convert|504|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 12 (India, old numbering)|12]]
| [[Jabalpur]] - [[Shahpura, Jabalpur|Shahpura]] - [[Baraily|Bareli]] - [[Obedullaganj]] - [[Bhopal]] - [[Narsinghgarh, Rajgarh|Narsinghgarh]] - [[Biaora]] - [[Rajgarh, Madhya Pradesh|Rajgarh]] - [[Khilchipur]] up to Rajasthan border
|{{convert|490|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 12A (India, old numbering)|12A]]
|From the northern border with Uttar Pradesh - [[Orchha]] - [[Pirthipur]] - [[Tikamgarh]] - [[Shahgarh]] - [[Damoh]] - [[Tendukheda]] - [[Jabalpur]] - [[Mandla]] - [[Bichhi]] to the Chhattisgarh border at [[Chilpi]]
|{{convert|482|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 25 (India, old numbering)|25]]
| [[Shivpuri]] - [[Karera]] - UP border
|{{convert|82|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 26 (India, old numbering)|26]]
|From UP border - [[Barodia]] - [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] - [[Deori, Sagar|Deori]] - [[Narsimhapur]] - [[Lakhnadon]]
|{{convert|268|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 26A (India, old numbering)|26A]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH86 near [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] - connecting [[Jeruwakhera]] - [[Khurai]] and terminating at [[Bina Etawa|Bina]]
|{{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 27 (India, old numbering)|27]]
|From UP border - [[Sohagi]] - [[Mangawan]]
|{{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 59 (India, old numbering)|59]]
|From Gujarat border - [[Jhabua]] - [[Dhar]] - [[Indore]]
|{{convert|139|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 59A (India, old numbering)|59A]]
| [[Indore]] - [[Kannod]] - [[Khategaon]] - [[Harda]] - [[Sodalpur]] - [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]]
|{{convert|264|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 69 (India, old numbering)|69]]
|[[Bhopal]] - [[Obedullaganj]] - [[Hoshangabad]] - [[Itarsi]] - [[Shahpur, Betul|Shahpur]] - [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]] - [[Pandhurna]] - [[Chicholi]] - Maharashtra border
|{{convert|330|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 75 (India, old numbering)|75]]
| [[Gwalior]] - [[Datia]] - U.P. Border - [[Alipura]] - [[Chhatarpur]] - [[Panna, India|Panna]] - [[Satna]] - [[Rewa, India|Rewa]] - [[Sidhi]] - [[Bargana, India|Bargana]] - UP border
|{{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 76 (India, old numbering)|76]]
|From Rajasthan border - [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] - [[Shivpuri]]
|{{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 78 (India, old numbering)|78]]
| [[Katni]] - [[Umaria]] - [[Shahdol]] - [[Anupur]] - Chhattisgarh border
|{{convert|178|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 79 (India, old numbering)|79]]
|Rajasthan border - [[Nimach]] - [[Mandsaur]] - [[Ratlam]] - [[Ghata Bilod]] - [[Indore]]
|{{convert|280|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
|[[National Highway 86 (India, old numbering)|86]]
|From UP border - [[Chhatarpur]] - [[Hirapur, Uttar Pradesh|Hirapur]] - [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]] - [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] - [[Rahatgarh]] - [[Vidisha]] - [[Raisen]] - [[Bhopal]] - [[Sehore]] - [[Ashta, Madhya Pradesh|Ashta]] - [[Dewas]]
|{{convert|494|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|17
|[[National Highway 86A (India, old numbering)|86A]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH86 near [[Rahatgarh]] connecting [[Begamganj]] - [[Gairatganj]] - and terminating at its junction with NH86 in [[Bhopal]]
|{{convert|176|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|18
|[[National Highway 92 (India, old numbering)|92]]
|From UP border - [[Bhind]] - [[Mehgaon]] - [[Gwalior]]
|{{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|5280|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Maharashtra==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|- 1A [NE-1] Mumbai - Pune Expressway 96 km (59 mi)
|1
|[[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|3]]
|From MP Border - [[Sangvi]] - [[Dhule]] - [[Malegaon]] - Chandwad - [[Pimpalgaon Baswant]] - [[Ojhar]] - [[Nashik road]] - [[Igatpuri]] - [[Bhiwandi]] - [[Thane]] - [[Mulund]]- [[Sion, Mumbai|Sion]] - [[Dadar]] - [[Mumbai]]
|{{convert|391|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|4]]
|Junction with NH No.3 near [[Thane]] - [[Panvel]] - [[Pune]] - [[Satara (city)|Satara]]- [[Kolhapur]] - [[Kagal]] up to Karnataka border
|{{convert|371|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 4B (India, old numbering)|4B]]
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust]] NH No.4 near km 109 [[Palaspe]]
|{{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 4C (India, old numbering)|4C]]
|NH No.4 near [[Kalamboli]] at km 116 junction with NH No.4B km 16.687
|{{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|6]]
|From Gujarat border - [[Navapur]] - [[Visarwadi]] - [[Sakri]] - [[Dhule]] - [[Erandol]] - [[Jalgaon]] - [[Muktainagar]] - [[Malkapur, Akola|Malkapur]] - [[Khamgaon]] - [[Akola]] - [[Amravati]] - [[Nagpur]] - [[Bhandara (city)|Bhandara]] - [[Deori, Gondia|Deori]] - [[Raipur]] - [[Kolkata]]
|{{convert|813|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|7]]
|From MP border - [[Deolapar]] - [[Nagpur]] - [[Hinganghat]] - Karanji up to Andhra Pradesh border.
|{{convert|232|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|8]]
|From Gujarat border - [[Talasari]] - [[Bandra]] - [[Mumbai]]
|{{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 9 (India, old numbering)|9]]
| [[Pune]] - [[Indapur]] - [[Solapur]] - [[Umarga]] up to Karnataka border.
|{{convert|336|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 13 (India, old numbering)|13]]
| [[Solapur]] - [[Nandnee]] - Karnataka border
|{{convert|43|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 16 (India, old numbering)|16]]
|From Andhra Pradesh border - [[Sironcha]] - [[Kopela]] up to Chhattisgarh Border
|{{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 17 (India, old numbering)|17]]
| [[Panvel]] - [[Pen, India|Pen]] - [[Mahad]] - [[Poladpur]] - [[Khed, Ratnagiri|Khed]] - [[Asurde]] - [[Chiplun]] - [[Savarde]] - [[Sangameshwar]] - [[Hathkambe(Ratnagiri)]] - [[Pali, Ratnagiri|Pali]] - [[Lanja]] - [[Rajapur, Maharashtra|Rajapur]] - [[Kharepatan]] - [[Kankavali]] - [[Kudal]] - [[Sawantwadi]] up to Goa border.
|{{convert|482|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 50 (India, old numbering)|50]]
| [[Nashik]] - [[Sinnar]] - [[Sangamner]] - [[Narayangaon]] - [[Rajgurunagar]] - [[Pune]]
|{{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 69 (India, old numbering)|69]]
| [[Nagpur]] - [[Saoner]] up to MP border
|{{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 161 (India, old numbering)|161]]
| [[Akola]] - [[Washim]] - [[Hingoli]] - [[Nanded]] - [[Telangana]] border
|{{convert|295|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 204 (India, old numbering)|204]]
| [[Ratnagiri]] - [[Pali, Ratnagiri|Pali]] - [[Sakharpa]] - [[Malakapur]] - [[Shahuwadi]] - [[Kolhapur]] - [[Sangli]] - [[Pandharpur]] - [[Solapur]] - [[Tuljapur]] - [[Latur]] - [[Nanded]] - [[Yeotmal]] - [[Wardha]] - [[Nagpur]]
|{{convert|974|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
|[[National Highway 211 (India, old numbering)|211]]
| [[Solapur]] - [[Osmanabad]] - [[Beed]] - [[Gevrai]] - [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] - [[Ellora]] - [[Chalisgaon]] - [[Dhule]]
|{{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|17
|[[National Highway 222 (India, old numbering)|222]]
|The highway starting from the junction of NH3 near [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]] - [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] - [[Alephata]] - [[Ahmednagar]] - [[Pathardi]] - [[Parbhani]] - [[Nanded]] - [[Bhokar]] -up to Andhra Pradesh border.
|{{convert|550|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|5519|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Meghalaya==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 40 (India, old numbering)|40]]
|From Assam border - [[Barni Hat]] - [[Shillong]] - [[Dauki]] - [[Jowai]]
|{{convert|216|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 44 (India, old numbering)|44]]
| [[Nongstoin]] - [[Shillong]] up to Assam border
|{{convert|277|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
| [[National Highway 51 (India, old numbering)|51]]
|From Assam border - [[Bajengdoda]] - [[Tura, India|Tura]] - [[Dalu, Meghalaya|Dalu]]
|{{convert|127|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 62 (India, old numbering)|62]]
| [[Damra]] - [[Dambu, Meghalaya|Dambu]] - [[Baghmara, India|Baghmara]] - [[Dalu, Meghalaya|Dalu]]
|{{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|810|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Mizoram==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 44A (India, old numbering)|44A]]
| From Tripura Border - [[Tukkalh]] - [[Mamit, India|Mamit]] - [[Sairang]] - [[Aizawl]]
| {{convert|165|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 54 (India, old numbering)|54]]
| From Assam Border - [[Chhimlung]] - [[Bualpui]] - [[Aizawl]] - [[Zobawk]] - [[Pangzawl]] - [[Lawngtla]] - [[Tuipang]]
| {{convert|515|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
| [[National Highway 54A (India, old numbering)|54A]]
| [[Theriat]] - [[Lunglei]]
| {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 54B (India, old numbering)|54B]]
| [[Venus Saddle]] - [[Saiha]]
| {{convert|27|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
| [[National Highway 150 (India, old numbering)|150]]
| [[Aizawl]] - [[Phaileng]] - [[Thingsat]] up to Manipur Border
| {{convert|141|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
| [[National Highway 154 (India, old numbering)|154]]
| From Assam Border to Kanpui
| {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|927|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Nagaland==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 36 (India, old numbering)|36]]
| From Assam Border - [[Dimapur]]
| {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 39 (India, old numbering)|39]]
| From Assam Border - [[Dimapur]] - [[Kohima]] up to Manipur Border
| {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
| [[National Highway 61 (India, old numbering)|61]]
| [[Kohima]] - [[Wokhal]] - [[Mokokchung]] - [[Merang Kong]] up to Assam Border
| {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 150 (India, old numbering)|150]]
| From Manipur Border - [[Kohima]]
| {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
| [[National Highway 155 (India, old numbering)|155]]
| [[Mokokchung]] - [[Tuensang]] - [[Shamatore]] - [[Kiphire]] - [[Meluri]] up to Manipur Border
| {{convert|327|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|696|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Odisha==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|5]]
|Junction with NH No.6 in Jharkhand near [[Baharagora]] - [[Baripada]] - [[Baleshwar]] - [[Bhadrak]] - [[Cuttack]] - [[Bhubaneswar]] - [[Khordha]] - [[Chhatrapur]] - [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]] up to Andhra Pradesh Border.
|{{convert|488|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 5A (India, old numbering)|5A]]
|Junction with NH No.5 near [[Haridaspur, Orissa|Haridaspur]] - [[Paradip Port]]
|{{convert|77|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|6]]
|From Chhattisgarh Border - [[Lobarchatti]] - [[Bargarh]] - [[Sambalpur]] - [[Debagarh|Deogarh]] - [[Barkote]] - [[Kendujhargarh]] - [[Jashipur]] - [[Bangriposi]] up to Jharkhand Border
|{{convert|462|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 23 (India, old numbering)|23]]
|From [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|barhi]] - [[Panposh]] - [[Rourkela]] - [[Rajamunda]] - [[Barkote]] - [[Pala Laharha]] - [[Talcher]] - Jn. with NH42
|{{convert|209|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 42 (India, old numbering)|42]]
|Junction with NH No.6 near [[Sambalpur]] - [[Rairakhol]] - [[Anugul]] - [[Dhenkanal, Orissa|Dhenkanal]] - Jn. with NH5 near [[Cuttack]]
|{{convert|261|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 43 (India, old numbering)|43]]
|From Chhattisgarh Border - [[Dhanpunji]] - [[Borigumma]] - [[Jaypur]] - [[Koraput]] - [[Sunki]] - Andhra Pradesh Border.
|{{convert|152|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 60 (India, old numbering)|60]]
|From West Bengal Border - [[Jaleswar]] [[l.n.road]]- [[Baleshwar]]
|{{convert|57|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 75 (India, old numbering)|75]]
|From Jharkhand Border to junction with NH No.215 near [[Parsora]]
|{{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 200 (India, old numbering)|200]]
|From [[Chhattisgarh]] - [[Machida, India|Machida]] - [[Jharsuguda]] - [[Kochinda]] - [[Debagarh|Deogarh]] - [[Talcher]] - [[Kamakhyanagar]] - [[Sukinda]] - [[Chandikhole]]
|{{convert|440|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 201 (India, old numbering)|201]]
| [[Borigumma]] - [[Ampani]] - [[Bhawanipatna]] - [[Belgan]] - [[Balangir]] - [[Luisinga]] - [[Jogisuruda]] - [[Dunguripali]] - [[Bargarh]]
|{{convert|310|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 203 (India, old numbering)|203]]
| [[Bhubaneshwar]] - [[Pipili]] - [[Puri]] - [[Konark]]
|{{convert|97|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 203A (India, old numbering)|203A]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH203 at Puri, connecting [[Brahmagiri, Orissa|Bramhagiri]] and terminating at [[Satpada]]
|{{convert|49|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 215 (India, old numbering)|215]]
| [[Panikoili]] -[[Jajpur Road]] - [[Anandapur]] - [[Ghatgan]] - [[Kendujhargarh]] - [[Parsora]] - [[Koira]] - [[Rajamunda]]
|{{convert|348|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 217 (India, old numbering)|217]]
|From Chhattisgarh Border - [[Nauparha]] - [[Khariar]] - [[Titlagarh]] - [[Belgan]] - [[Ramapur]] - [[Baligurha]] - [[Nuagaon]] - [[Raikia]] - [[G.Udayagiri]] - [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] - [[Bhanjanagar]] - [[Asika]] - [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]] - [[Narendrapur]] - [[Gopalpur-on-Sea|Gopalpur]]
|{{convert|438|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 224 (India, old numbering)|224]]
| [[Khordha]] - [[Nayagarh]] - [[Dashapalla]] - [[Purunakatak]] - [[Bauda]] - [[Sonepur, Orissa|Sonapur]] - [[Balangir]]
|{{convert|298|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
!-
!-
! '''Total'''
!{{convert|3704|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Punjab==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 1 (India, old numbering)|1]]
|From Haryana Border - [[Rajpura]] - [[Khanna (city)|Khanna]] - [[Ludhiana]] - [[Phagwara]] - [[Jalandhar]] - [[Amritsar]] - [[Atari]] up to Pak Border
|{{convert|254|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|1A]]
| [[Jalandher]] - [[Dasuya]] - [[Pathankot]] up to J&K Border
|{{convert|108|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
| [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|10]]
|From Haryana Border - Lambi - [[Malout]] - [[Abohar]] - [[Fazilka]] - Indo/Pak Border
|{{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 15 (India, old numbering)|15]]
| [[Pathankot]] - [[Gurdaspur]] - [[Batala]] - [[Amritsar]] - [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]] - [[Zira, India|Zira]] - [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]] - [[Bhatinda]] - [[Malout]] - [[Abohar]] up to Rajasthan Border.
|{{convert|350|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
| [[National Highway 20 (India, old numbering)|20]]
| [[Pathankot]] and up to H.P. Border
|{{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
| [[National Highway 21 (India, old numbering)|21]]
|From Chandigarh Border - [[Kharar, Mohali|Kharar]] - [[Kurali]] - [[Rupnagar]] - [[Ghanauli]] up to H.P. Border
|{{convert|67|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
| [[National Highway 22 (India, old numbering)|22]]
|From Haryana Border - [[Dera Bassi]] up to Haryana Border.
|{{convert|31|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
| [[National Highway 64 (India, old numbering)|64]]
|From Haryana Border - [[Banur]] - [[Rajpura]] - [[Patiala]] - [[Sangrur]] - [[Barnala]] - [[Rampura Phul]] - [[Bathinda]] up to Haryana Border.
|{{convert|255.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
| [[National Highway 70 (India, old numbering)|70]]
| [[Jalandhar]] - [[Hoshiarpur]] up to H.P. Border
|{{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
| [[National Highway 71 (India, old numbering)|71]]
| [[Jalandher]] - [[Nakodar]] - [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]] - [[Barnala]] - [[Dhanaula]] - [[Sangrur]] - [[Dogal]] up to Haryana Border.
|{{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
| [[National Highway 72 (India, old numbering)|72]]
|From Haryana Border up to Haryana Border.
|{{convert|4.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
| [[National Highway 95 (India, old numbering)|95]]
|From Chandigarh Border - [[Kharar, Mohali|Kharar]] - [[Morinda City, Ropar|Morinda]] - [[Ludhiana]] - [[Jagraon]] - [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]] - [[Firozpur]]
|{{convert|225|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Puducherry==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! NH No.
! S.No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 45A (India, old numbering)|45A]]
| [[Villupuram]] - [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] - [[Cuddalore]] - [[Chidambaram]] - [[Sirkazhi]] - [[Karaikal]] - [[Nagapattinam]]
| {{convert|147|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 66 (India, old numbering)|66]]
| [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] - [[Tindivanam]] - [[Gingee]] - [[Thiruvannamalai]] - [[Chengam]] - [[Uthangarai]] - [[Krishnagiri]]
| {{convert|208|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Rajasthan==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|3]]
| From UP Border - [[Majiyan]] up to MP Border
| {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
| [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|8]]
| From [[Haryana]] Border - [[Ajarka]] - [[Behror]] - [[Kotputli]] - [[Manoharpur]] - [[Jaipur]] - [[Kishangarh]] - [[Ajmer]] - [[Beawar]] - [[Bhim]] - [[Dewair]] - [[Nathdwara]] - [[Udaipur]] - [[Khairwara]] - [[Bechiwara]] up to [[Gujarat]] Border
| {{convert|688|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
| [[National Highway 11 (India, old numbering)|11]]
| From UP Border - [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]] - [[Mahwa, India|Mahwa]] - [[Dausa]] - [[Jaipur]] - [[Ringas]] - [[Sikar]] - [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan|Fatehpur]] - [[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]] - [[Dungargarh]] - and terminating at [[Bikaner]] on [[National Highway 15 (India, old numbering)|NH 15]].
| {{convert|531|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
| [[National Highway 11A (India, old numbering)|11A]]
| [[Manoharpur]] - [[Dausa]] - [[Lalsot]] and terminating at Kothum on [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH 8]].
| {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
| [[National Highway 11B (India, old numbering)|11B]]
| The highway starting from its junction with [[National Highway 11A (India, old numbering)|NH 11A]] near [[Lalsot]] connecting [[Gangapur, Sawai Madhopur|Gangapur]] - [[Karauli]] - [[Sir Muthra]] - [[Angai]] - [[Barauli, Rajasthan|Barauli]] - [[Bari, India|Bari]] - and terminating at [[Dhaulpur]] on [[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|NH 3]].
| {{convert|180|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
| [[National Highway 12 (India, old numbering)|12]]
| From MP Border - [[Ghatoli]] - [[Aklera]] - [[Jhalawar]] - [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] - [[Bundi]] - [[Devli]] - [[Tonk, India|Tonk]] - [[Kothum]] - [[Jaipur]]
| {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
| [[National Highway 14 (India, old numbering)|14]]
| [[Beawar]] - [[Chadawal]] - [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]] - [[Sanderav]] - [[Sirohi]] - [[Pindwara]] - [[Abu Road]] - [[Mawal, Sirohi|Mawal]] up to Gujarat Border
| {{convert|310|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
| [[National Highway 15 (India, old numbering)|15]]
| From Punjab Border - [[Ganganagar]] - [[Suratgarh]] - [[Lunkaransar]] - [[Bikaner]] - [[Kolayat]] - [[Phalodi]] - [[Pokaran]] - [[Jaisalmer]] - [[Devikot]] - Shiv - [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]] - [[Sanchor]] up to Gujarat Border
| {{convert|906|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
| [[National Highway 65 (India, old numbering)|65]]
| From Haryana Border - [[Rajgarh, Churu|Rajgarh]] - [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]] - [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan|Fatehpur]] - [[Salasar, Rajasthan|Salasar]] - [[Ladnun]] - [[Deh, India|Deh]] - [[Nagaur]] - [[Soila]] - [[Jodhpur]] - [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]
| {{convert|405|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
| [[National Highway 71B (India, old numbering)|71B]]
| From Haryana Border - [[Bhiwadi]] and up to Haryana Border near [[Taoru]]
| {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
| [[National Highway 76 (India, old numbering)|76]]
| [[Pindwara]] - [[Gogunda]] - [[Udaipur]] - [[Chittaurgarh]] - [[Kheri]] - [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] - [[Baran, Rajasthan|Baran]] - [[Kishanganj]] - [[Shahbad, Rajasthan|Shahbad]] - [[Deori, Rajasthan|Deori]] up to MP Border
| {{convert|480|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
| [[National Highway 79 (India, old numbering)|79]]
| [[Ajmer]] - [[Nasirabad, India|Nasirabad]] - [[Jharwasa]] - [[Chittaurgarh]] - [[Nimbahera]] up to MP Border
| {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
| [[National Highway 79A (India, old numbering)|79A]]
| [[Kishangarh]] ([[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH 8]]) - [[Nasirabad, India|Nasirabad]] ([[National Highway 79 (India, old numbering)|NH 79]])
| {{convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
| [[National Highway 89 (India, old numbering)|89]]
| [[Ajmer]] - [[Pushkar]] - [[Merta, Rajasthan|Ren]] - [[Nagaur]] - [[Nokha, Bikaner|Nokha]] - [[Bikaner]]
| {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
| [[National Highway 90 (India, old numbering)|90]]
| [[Baran, Rajasthan|Baran]] - [[Aklera]]
| {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
| [[National Highway 112 (India, old numbering)|112]]
| The highway starting from its junction with [[National Highway 14 (India, old numbering)|NH 14]] near [[Bar, Tibet|Bar]] connecting Bar - [[Jaitaran]] - [[Bilara]] - [[Kaparda]] - [[Jodhpur]] - [[Kalyanpur, Rajasthan|Kalyanpur]] - [[Pachpadra]] - [[Balotra]] - [[Tilwara]] - [[Kawas, Rajasthan|Kawas]] - [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]]
| {{convert|343|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|17
| [[National Highway 113 (India, old numbering)|113]]
| The highway starting from its junction of [[National Highway 79 (India, old numbering)|NH 79]] near [[Nimbahera]] - [[Bari, India|Bari]] - [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]] - [[Sohagpura]] - [[Banswara]] up to Gujarat Border
| {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|18
| [[National Highway 114 (India, old numbering)|114]]
|The highway starting from its junction with [[National Highway 65 (India, old numbering)|NH 65]] near [[Jodhpur]] - [[Balesar]] - [[Shaitrawa]] - [[Dechhu]] and terminating at [[Pokaran]] on [[National Highway 15 (India, old numbering)|NH 15]]
|{{convert|180|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|19
| [[National Highway 116 (India, old numbering)|116]]
|The highway starting from its junction with [[National Highway 12 (India, old numbering)|NH 12]] near [[Tonk, India|Tonk]] - r - [[Uniara]] and terminating at [[Sawai Madhopur]]
|{{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|20
| [[National Highway 758 (India, old numbering)|758]]
|The highway starting from its junction with [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH 8]] near
[[Rajsamand, India|Rajsamand]] - r - [[Bhilwara]] and terminating at [[Ladpura]] NH 76
|{{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|5700|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Sikkim==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
| [[National Highway 31A (India, old numbering)|31A]]
| [[Gangtok]] - [[Singtam]] - [[Rangpo]] up to West Bengal Border
|{{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Tamil Nadu==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length in the State
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|4]]
|From Mumbai - [[Pune]], [[Bangalore]] - [[Ranipet]] - [[Sriperumbudur]] - [[Poonamallee]] - [[Chennai]]
|{{convert|133|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|5]]
|From Andhra Pradesh Border - [[Arambakkam]] - [[Gummidipundi]] – [[Kavaraipettai]] - [[Chennai]]
|{{convert|58|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|7]]
|From Karnataka Border - [[Hosur]] - [[Krishnagiri]] - [[Dharmapuri]] - [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] - [[Namakkal]] - [[Karur]] - [[Dindigul]] - [[Madurai]] - [[Virudhunagar]] - [[Sattur]] - [[Kovilpatti]] - [[Tirunelveli]] - [[Nanguneri]] - [[Vattakottai]] up to [[Kanyakumari]]
|{{convert|627|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 7A (India, old numbering)|7A]]
| [[Palayan Kottai]] - [[Vagaikulam]] - [[Tuticorin]]
|{{convert|51|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 45 (India, old numbering)|45]]
| [[Chennai]] - [[Tambaram]] - [[Chengalpattu]] - [[Madurantakam]] - [[Tindivanam]] - [[Viluppuram]] - [[Ulundurpettai]] - [[Trichy]] - [[Manapparai]] - [[Dindigul]] - [[Theni]]
|{{convert|472|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 45A (India, old numbering)|45A]]
| [[Villuppuram]] - [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] - [[Cuddalore]] - [[Chidambaram]] - [[Poompuhar]] - [[Karaikal]] - [[Nagore]] - [[Nagappattinam]]
|{{convert|147|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 45B (India, old numbering)|45B]]
| [[Trichy]] - [[Viralimalai]] - [[Thuvarankurichchi]] - [[Melur]] - [[Madurai]] - [[Aruppukottai]] - [[Pandalgudi]] - [[Ettaiyapuram]] - [[Tuticorin]]
|{{convert|257|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 45C (India, old numbering)|45C]]
| [[Thanjavur]] - [[Kumbakonam]] - [[Sethiathoppu|Sethiathope]] - [[Vadalur]] - [[Neyveli|Neyveli Township]] - [[Panruti]] and terminates near [[Villupuram (Vikravandi)]] on NH-45.
|{{convert|159|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 46 (India, old numbering)|46]]
| [[Krishnagiri]] - [[Vaniyambadi]] - [[Vellore]] - [[Walajapet]]
|{{convert|132|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 47 (India)|47]]
|[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]- [[Bhavani]] - [[Perundurai]] - [[Avinashi]] - [[Coimbatore]] - It then enters Kerala. It re-enters Tamil Nadu border at [[Kaliyakkavilai]] - [[Kuzhithurai]] - [[Marthandam]] - [[Thuckalay]] - [[Nagercoil]] - [[Suchindrum]] - [[Kanyakumari]].
|{{convert|244|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 47B (India, old numbering)|47B]]
|The highway starting from the junction of NH 47 near [[Nagercoil]] connecting [[Aralvaymozhi]] and terminating at its junction with NH7 near [[Kavalkinaru]]
|{{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 49 (India, old numbering)|49]]
|From Kerala Border - [[Bodinayakkanur]] - [[Theni]] - [[Usilampatti]] - [[Madurai]] - [[Manamadurai]] - [[Paramakkudi]] - [[Ramanathapuram]] - [[Mandapam]] - [[Rameswaram]]
|{{convert|290|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 66 (India, old numbering)|66]]
| [[Krishnagiri]] - [[Uthangarai]] - [[Chengam]] - [[Tiruvannamalai]] - [[Gingee]] - [[Tindivanam]] - [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|{{convert|208|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
|[[National Highway 67 (India, old numbering)|67]]
| [[Nagappattinam]] - [[Thiruvarur]] - [[Thanjavur]] - [[Trichy]]- [[Karur]] - [[Coimbatore]] - [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]] - [[Ooty]] – [[Gudalur (Nilgiris district)|Gudalur]] - [[Teppakadu]] up to Karnataka Border
|{{convert|505|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|17
|[[National Highway 68 (India, old numbering)|68]]
|[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] - [[Vazhapadi|Valapadi]] - [[Attur]] - [[Thalaivasal]] - [[Kallakkurichchi]] - [[Ulundurpettai]]
|{{convert|134|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|18
|[[National Highway 85 (India, old numbering)|85]]
|[[Kochin]] - [[Theni]] - [[Madurai]] - [[Sivagangai]] - [[Thondi]]
|{{convert|256|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|19
|[[National Highway 205 (India, old numbering)|205]]
|From Andhra Pradesh Border - [[Tiruttani]] - [[Tiruvallur]] - [[Ambathur]] - [[Chennai]]
|{{convert|82|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|20
|[[National Highway 207 (India, old numbering)|207]]
| [[Hosur]] - [[Bagalur, Krishnagiri|Bagalur]] - up to Karnataka Border
|{{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|21
|[[National Highway 208 (India, old numbering)|208]]
|From Kerala Border - [[Sengottai]] - [[Tenkasi]] - [[Sivagiri, Tirunelveli|Sivagiri]] - [[Srivilliputtur]] - [[T.Kallupatti|T.Kallupati]] - [[Thirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]]-[[Madurai]]
|{{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|22
|[[National Highway 209 (India, old numbering)|209]]
| [[Dindigul]] - [[Palani]] - [[Madathukulam]] - [[Udumalaippettai]] - [[Pollachi]] - [[Coimbatore]] - [[Punjai Puliamapatti]] - [[Satyamangalam]] - [[Hasanur]] up to Karnataka Border
|{{convert|286|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|23
|[[National Highway 210 (India, old numbering)|210]]
| [[Trichy]] - [[Pudukkottai]] - [[Thirumayam|Tirumayam]] - [[Kanadukathan]] - [[Karaikkudi]] - [[Devakottai]] - [[Devipattinam]] - [[Ramanathapuram]]
|{{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|24
|[[National Highway 219 (India, old numbering)|219]]
|From Andhra Pradesh Border - [[Krishnagiri]]
|{{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|25
|[[National Highway 220 (India, old numbering)|220]]
|From Kerala Border - [[Gudalur (Theni district)|Gudalur]] - [[Cumbum, Tamil Nadu|Cumbum]] - [[Uthamapalayam]] - [[Theni]]
|{{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|26
|[[National Highway 226 (India, old numbering)|226]]
|[[Perambalur]], [[Kunnam]], [[Ariyalur]], [[Paluvur]], [[Thiruvaiyaru]], [[Thanjavur]] - [[Gandarvakottai|Gandharvakottai]] - [[Pudukkottai]] - [[Thirumayam]] - [[Kilasevalpatti]] - [[Tirupathur, Sivaganga|Tirupathur]] - [[Madagupatti]] - [[Sivaganga]] - [[Manamadurai]]
|{{convert|212|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|27
|[[National Highway 227 (India, old numbering)|227]]
|[[Trichy]] - [[Lalgudi]] - [[Kallakudi]] - [[Kizhapalur]] - [[Udayarpalayam|Udaiarpalayam]] - [[Jayankondam (State Assembly Constituency)|Jayamkondam]] - [[Gangaikondacholapuram]] - [[Kattumannarkoil]] - [[Lalpet]] - [[Kumaratchi]] - [[Chidambaram]]
|{{convert|135|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|28
|[[National Highway 234 (India, old numbering)|234]]
|From Andhra Pradesh Border - [[Pernampattu|Peranampattu]] - [[Gudiyatham]] - [[Vellore]] City - [[Polur]] - [[Thiruvannaamalai|Tiruvanamalai]] - [[Villupuram]]
|-
|29
|[[National Highway 67 (India, old numbering)|67]]
|From OOTY-METTUPALAYAM - [[COIMBATORE|PALLADAM]] - [[KANGEYAM]] - [[VELLAKOVIL]] City - [[KARUR]] - [[KULITHALAI|TRICHY]] - [[THANJAVORE]][[NAGAPATTINAM]]
|{{convert|234|km|mi|abbr=on}}[https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&oe=utf-8&ie=UTF8&ei=dyDuS-XGCsK78gb-mO39Cg&ved=0CA0Q_AU&hl=en&doflg=ptk&msa=0&msid=114771529369117323863.0004869b409ab5212f15f&z=7]
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! {{convert|5016|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Telangana==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length in the State
|-
| 1
| 7
| Maharashtra Border - [[Adilabad]] - [[Nirmal]] - [[Ramayampet]] - [[Hyderabad]] - [[Mahabubnagar]] - AP Border
| 519.64 km
|-
|2
| 9
| Karnataka Border - [[Zahirabad]] - [[Hyderabad]] - [[Suryapet]] - AP border
| 291.74 km
|-
|3
| 16
| [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] - [[Armur]] - [[Jagtial]] - [[Lakshettipet]] - [[Chinnur]] - Maharashtra Border
| 235.15 km
|-
|4
| 167
| Karnataka border - [[Mehboobnagar]] - [[Jadcherla]] (NH-44)
| 112 km
|-
|5
| 202
| [[Hyderabad]] - [[Jangaon]] - [[Warangal]] - [[Venkatapuram, Hyderabad|Venkatapuram]] - Chhattisgarh Border
| 306 km
|-
|6
| 221
| AP Border - [[Penuballi]] - [[Kottagudam]] - [[Paloncha]] - [[Bhadrachalam]] - Chinturu - Chhattisgarh border
| 100 km
|-
|7
| 222
| Maharashtra border - [[Narsapur, Telangana|Narsapur]] - [[Nirmal]] (NH-7)
| 53.6 km
|-
|8
|161 New
|[[Sangareddy]] on NH-65 - Maharashtra Border
|140.5 km
|-
|9
|363 New 365 New 565 New
|Maharashtra Border - [[Mahadevpur]] - [[Parkal]] - [[Atmakur, Warangal|Atmakur]] on NH-163 [[Nakrekal]] on NH-65 - [[Thungathurthy]] - [[Mahabubabad]] - [[Narsampet]] - [[Mallampalli]] on NH-163. [[Nakrekal]] on NH-65 - AP Border
|450 km
|-
|10
|563 New
|[[Jagityal]] on NH-63 - [[Karimnagar]] - [[Warangal]] on NH-163
|136 km
|-
|11
|365A New
|[[Kodad]] on NH-65 - [[Khammam]]- [[Mahabubabad]] on NH-365
|75 km
|-
|12
|765 New
|[[Hyderabad]] (NH-44&40) - [[Amangal]] - [[Veldanda]] - [[Kalvakurti]] - [[Vangoor]] - [[Achampet, Mahbubnagar district|Achampeta]] - AP border
|196 km
|-
! -
! -
! Total
! 2615.63 km
|}

==Tripura==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
| 1
|[[National Highway 44 (India, old numbering)|44]]
|From Assam Border - [[Ambassa]] - [[Agartala]] - [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]] - [[Sabroom]]
|{{convert|335|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| 2
|[[National Highway 44A (India, old numbering)|44A]]
|From Mizoram Border - [[Sakhan]] - [[Manu, Tripura|Manu]]
|{{convert|65|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
!-
!-
! Total
! {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Uttar Pradesh==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]]
|From Haryana Border - [[Kosi (village)|Kosi]] - [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] - [[Agra]] - [[Firozabad]] - [[Etawah]] - [[Aurraiya]] - [[Kanpur]] - [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan|Fatehpur]] - [[Allahabad]] - [[Gopiganj]] - [[Varanasi]] - [[Chandauli]] up to Bihar Border
|{{convert|752|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 2A (India, old numbering)|2A]]
| Sikandra - Bhognipur
|{{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|3]]
| [[Agra]] up to Rajasthan Border
|{{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|7]]
| [[Varanasi]] - [[Mirzapur]] - [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|Lalganj]] - [[Baraundha]] up to M.P. Border
|{{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 11 (India, old numbering)|11]]
| [[Agra]] - [[Kiraoli]] up to Rajasthan Border
|{{convert|51|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 12A (India, old numbering)|12A]]
|From MP Border up to junction with NH 26 near [[Jhansi]]
|{{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 19 (India, old numbering)|19]]
| [[Ghazipur]] - [[Ballia]] - [[Rudrapur, Uttar Pradesh|Rudrapur]] up to Bihar Border
|{{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 24 (India, old numbering)|24]]
|From Delhi Border - [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]] - Hapur - [[Moradabad]] - [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] - [[Bareilly]] - [[Shahjahanpur]] - [[Sitapur]] - [[Lucknow]]
|{{convert|431|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 24B (India, old numbering)|24B]]
| [[Allahabad]] - [[Rae Bareli]] - [[Lucknow]]
|{{convert|189|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 24A (India, old numbering)|24A]]
| [[Bakshi-Ka-Talab]] - [[Chinhat]] (NH 28)
|{{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 25 (India, old numbering)|25]]
| [[Lucknow]] - [[Unnao]] - [[Kanpur]] - [[Orai]] - [[Jhansi]] - [[Raksa]] up to M.P. Border
|{{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 25A (India, old numbering)|25A]]
|Km19 (NH 25) - [[Bakshi-Ka-Talab]]
|{{convert|31|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 26 (India, old numbering)|26]]
| [[Jhansi]] - [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]] - [[Gona, India|Gona]] up to MP Border
|{{convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 27 (India, old numbering)|27]]
| [[Allahabad]] - [[Jasra]] up to MP Border
|{{convert|43|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)|28]]
|From Bihar Border - [[Tryasujan]] - [[Gorakhpur]] - [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]] - [[Faizabad]] - [[Barabanki city|Barabanki]] - [[Lucknow]]
|{{convert|311|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
|[[National Highway 28B (India, old numbering)|28B]]
|From Bihar Border - [[Padrauna]] - [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Kasia]] - Junction with NH28
|{{convert|29|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|17
|[[National Highway 28C (India, old numbering)|28C]]
| [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Bara Banki]] - [[Ramnagar, Barabanki|Ramnagar]] - [[Bahraich]] - [[Nanpara]] up to Nepal Border
|{{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|18
|[[National Highway 29 (India, old numbering)|29]]
| [[Sonauli]] - [[Farenda]] - [[Gorakhpur]] - [[Chillupar]] - [[Kopaganj]] - [[Ghazipur]] - [[Saidpur, Ghazipur|Saidpur]] - [[Varanasi]]
|{{convert|360|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|19
|[[National Highway 56 (India, old numbering)|56]]
| [[Lucknow]] - [[Amethi]] - [[Jagdishpur (Industrial Area)|Jagdishpur]] - [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] - [[Badlapur]] - [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] - [[Varanasi]]
|{{convert|285|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|20
|[[National Highway 56A (India, old numbering)|56A]]
| [[Chinhat]] (NH 28) km.16 (NH 56)
|{{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|21
|[[National Highway 56B (India, old numbering)|56B]]
|km.16 on NH56 to km.19 of NH25.
|{{convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|22
|[[National Highway 58 (India, old numbering)|58]]
|From Delhi Border - [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]] - [[Meerut]] - [[Muzaffarnagar]] - [[Purkazi]] up to Uttarakhand Border
|{{convert|165|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|23
|[[National Highway 72A (India, old numbering)|72A]]
| [[Chhutmalpur]] up to Uttarakhand Border.
|{{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|24
|[[National Highway 73 (India, old numbering)|73]]
|From Uttarakhand Border - [[Saharanpur]] - [[Sarsawa]] up to Haryana Border
|{{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|25
|[[National Highway 74 (India, old numbering)|74]]
|From Uttarakhand Border - [[Najibabad]] - [[Nagina]] - [[Dhampur]] - [[Afzalgarh]] - Uttarakhand Border - [[Amaria]] - [[Jahanabad, India|Jahanabad]] - [[Pilibhit]] - [[Nawabganj, Bareilly|Nawabganj]] - [[Bareilly]]
|{{convert|147|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|26
|[[National Highway 75 (India, old numbering)|75]]
|From Rewa, MP - [[Karari]] - [[Jhansi]] –[[Makrar]] - [[Maurampur]] - MP to UP - [[Renukoot]] - [[Dudhinagar]] - [[Wyndhamganj]] - UP to JH - [[Ranchi]]
|{{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|27
|[[National Highway 76 (India, old numbering)|76]]
|From MP Border - [[Jhansi]] - [[Mauranipur]] - MP Border - [[Kulpahar]] - [[Mahoba]] - [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]] - [[Karwi]] - [[Mau, Uttar Pradesh|Mau]] - [[Jasra]] - [[Allahabad]]
|{{convert|488|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|28
|[[National Highway 86 (India, old numbering)|86]]
| [[Kanpur]] - [[Ghatampur]] - [[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]] - [[Maudaha]] - [[Kabrai]] - [[Mahoba]] - MP Border.
|{{convert|180|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|29
|[[National Highway 87 (India, old numbering)|87]]
| [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] - [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|{{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|30
|[[National Highway 91 (India, old numbering)|91]]
| [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]] - [[Dadri]] - [[Sikanderabad]] - [[Bulandshahr]] - [[Khurja]] - Amiya - [[Aligarh]] - [[Etah]] - [[Chhibramau]] - [[Kannauj]] - [[Kanpur]]
|{{convert|405|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|31
|[[National Highway 91A (India, old numbering)|91A]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH 2 near [[Etawah]] connecting [[Bharthana]] - [[Bidhuna]] - [[Bela Pratapgarh|Bela]] and terminating at its junction with NH 91 near [[Kannauj]]
|{{convert|126|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|32
|[[National Highway 92 (India, old numbering)|92]]
| [[Bhongoan]] - [[Bewar]] - [[Kishni]] - [[Etawah]] - [[Udi, Uttar Pradesh|Udi]] up to Rajasthan Border
|{{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|33
|[[National Highway 93 (India, old numbering)|93]]
| [[Agra]] - [[Hathras]] - [[Aligarh]] - [[Babrala]] - [[Chandausi]] - [[Bilari]] - [[Moradabad]]
|{{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|34
|[[National Highway 96 (India, old numbering)|96]]
| [[Faizabad]] - [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] - [[Bela Pratapgarh|Bela]] - [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]] - [[Soraon]] - [[Allahabad]]
|{{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|35
|[[National Highway 97 (India, old numbering)|97]]
| [[Ghazipur]] - [[Zamania]] - [[Saiyedraja]]
|{{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|36
|[[National Highway 119 (India, old numbering)|119]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH 58 near [[Meerut]] connecting [[Mawana]] - [[Bahsuma]] - [[Bijnor]] - [[Basi Kiratpur|Kiratpur]] - [[Najibabad]] and up to Uttarakhand border.
|{{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|37
|[[National Highway 231 (India, old numbering)|231]]
|[[Raebareli]] - [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|partapgarh]] - [[Machlishahar]] - [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]
|{{convert|169|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|38
|[[National Highway 232 (India, old numbering)|232]]
|[[Tanda, Ambedaker Nagar|tanda]] - [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|sultanpur]] - [[gauriganj]] - [[raebareli]] - [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|lalganj]] - [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh|fatehpur]] - [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|banda]]
|{{convert|305|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|39
|[[National Highway 330A (India, old numbering)|330A]]
|[[Raebareli]] - [[Jagdishpur (Industrial Area)|jagdishpur]] - [[faizabad]]
|{{convert|227|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|40
|[[National Highway 235 (India, old numbering)|235]]
|The highway starting from [[Meerut]] connecting [[Hapur]], [[Gulaothi]] and terminating at [[Bulandshahar]].
|{{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
!-
!-
! '''Total'''
!{{convert|6519|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Uttarakhand==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 58 (India, old numbering)|58]]
|From Uttar Pradesh Border - [[Manglaur]] - [[Roorkee]] - [[Haridwar]] - [[Rishikesh]] - [[Shivpuri, Uttarakhand|Shivpuri]] - [[Devprayag]] - [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] - [[Khankra]] - [[Rudraprayag]] - [[Karnaprayag]] - [[Chamoli Gopeshwar]] - [[Joshimath]] - [[Badrinath]] - [[Mana Pass]]
|{{convert|373|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 72 (India, old numbering)|72]]
|From Himachal Pradesh Border - [[Dhalipur]] - [[Sahaspur, Uttarakhand|Sahaspur]] - [[Jhajra]] - [[Dehradun]] - [[Bullawala]] - [[Haridwar]]
|{{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 72A (India, old numbering)|72A]]
|From Uttar Pradesh Border - [[Majra, Uttarakhand|Majra]] - [[Dehradun]]
|{{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 73 (India, old numbering)|73]]
|[[Roorkee]] - [[Bhagwanpur, Uttarakhand|Bhagwanpur]] up to Uttar Pradesh Border
|{{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 74 (India, old numbering)|74]]
|[[Haridwar]] - Uttar Pradesh - [[Nagina]] - [[Najibabad]] - [[Dhampur]] - [[Afzalgarh]] - Uttarakhand - [[Jaspur]] - [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]] - [[Barakhera]] - [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]] - [[Kichha]] - [[Sitarganj]] and up to Uttar Pradesh Border.
|{{convert|153|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 87 (India, old numbering)|87]]
|From Uttar Pradesh Border - [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]] - [[Pantnagar]] - [[Haldwani]] - [[Nainital]] - [[Bhowali]] - [[Almora]] - [[Ranikhet]] - [[Dwarahat]] - [[Chaukhutia]] - [[Gairsain]] - [[Adi Badri, Uttarakhand|Adi Badri]] and connecting with NH 58 near [[Karnaprayag]]
|{{convert|284|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 94 (India, old numbering)|94]]
|[[Rishikesh]] - [[Ampata]] - [[New Tehri]] - [[Chham]] - [[Dharasu]] - [[Kuthanaur]] - [[Kharsali]] - [[Yamunotri]]
|{{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 108 (India, old numbering)|108]]
|[[Dharasu]] - [[Uttarkashi]] - [[Maneri, India|Maneri]] - [[Bhatwari]] - [[Purga, Uttarakhand|Purga]] - [[Bhaironghati]] - [[Gauri Kund|Gaurikund]] - [[Gangotri]]
|{{convert|127|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 109 (India, old numbering)|109]]
|[[Rudraprayag]] - [[Tilwara]] - [[Guptakashi]] - [[Kedarnath]]
|{{convert|76|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 119 (India, old numbering)|119]]
|From Uttar Pradesh Border - [[Kotdwar]] - [[Banghat]] - [[Bubakhal]] - [[Pauri]] - [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]]
|{{convert|135|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 121 (India, old numbering)|121]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH 74 near [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]] - [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]] - [[Dhumakot]] - [[Thalisain]] - [[Tripalisain]] - [[Pabo, Uttarakhand|Pabo]] - [[Paithani, Uttarakhand|Paithani]] and terminating at NH 119 near [[Bubakhal]]
|{{convert|252|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 123 (India, old numbering)|123]]
|The highway starting from its junctions with NH 72 connecting near [[Herbertpur]] - [[Vikasnagar]] - [[Kalsi, Uttarakhand|Kalsi]] - [[Badowala]] - [[Nainbagh]] - [[Naugaon]] - [[Barkot, Uttarakhand|Barkot]]
|{{convert|95|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 125 (India, old numbering)|125]]
|The highway starting from its junction with NH 74 near [[Sitarganj]] - [[Khatima]] - [[Tanakpur]] - [[Champawat]] - [[Pithoragarh]] - [[Dharchula]] - [[Tawaghat]]
|{{convert|201|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
!-
!-
! '''Total'''
!{{convert|1991|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==West Bengal==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! NH No.
! Route
! Length (km.)
|-
|1
|[[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|2]]
|From Jharkhand border - [[Barakar]] - [[Asansol]] - [[Raniganj]] - [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]] - [[Panagarh]] - [[Palsit]] - [[Dankuni]] near [[Calcutta]]/[[Kolkata]]
|{{convert|235|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|2
|[[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|6]]
|From Jharkhand Border - [[Kharagpur, West Bengal|Kharagpur]] - [[Debra, Paschim Medinipur|Debra]] - [[Panskura]] - [[Kolaghat]] - [[Bagnan]] - [[Dankuni]] near [[Kolkata]]
|{{convert|161|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|3
|[[National Highway 31 (India, old numbering)|31]]
| [[Dalkhola]] - [[Kanki, Uttar Dinajpur|Kanki]] - [[Panjipara]] - [[Islampur (Uttar Dinajpur)|Islampur]] - [[Bagdogra]] - [[Sevok]] - [[Mainaguri]] - [[Gairkata]] - [[Falakata]] - [[Cooch Behar]] - [[Tufanganj]] up to Assam Border
|{{convert|366|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|4
|[[National Highway 31A (India, old numbering)|31A]]
| [[Sevok]] - [[Namthang]] up to [[Sikkim]] Border
|{{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|5
|[[National Highway 31C (India, old numbering)|31C]]
| [[Galgalia]] - [[Naxalbari]] - [[Bagdogra]] - [[Chalsa, India|Chalsa]] - [[Nagrakata]] - [[Gairkata]] - [[Alipurdura]] up to Assam Border.
|{{convert|142|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|6
|[[National Highway 32 (India, old numbering)|32]]
|From Jharkhand Border - [[Goorinathdham]] - [[Puruliya]] - [[Kantadih]] - [[Urma]] - [[Balarampur, Purulia|Balarampur]] up to Jharkhand Border
|{{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|7
|[[National Highway 34 (India, old numbering)|34]]
| [[Dalkhola]] - [[Karandighi]] - [[Raiganj]] - [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] - [[Ingraj Bazar]] - [[Morgram]] - [[Baharampur]] - [[Palashi]] - [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] - [[Barasat]]–[[Kolkata]]
|{{convert|443|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|8
|[[National Highway 35 (India, old numbering)|35]]
| [[Barasat]] - [[Gaighata]] - [[Bangaon]] - [[Petrapole]] on [[India]]– [[Bangladesh]] border.
|{{convert|61|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|9
|[[National Highway 41 (India, old numbering)|41]]
|Junction with NH-6 near [[Panskura]] - [[Tamluk]] - [[Mahishadal]] - [[Haldia|Haldia Port]].
|{{convert|51|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|10
|[[National Highway 55 (India, old numbering)|55]]
| [[Siliguri]] - [[Kurseong]] - [[Darjeeling]]
|{{convert|77|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|11
|[[National Highway 60 (India, old numbering)|60]]
|From Orissa Border - [[Dantan]] - [[Belda]] - [[Kharagpur, West Bengal|Kharagpur]] - [[Midnapore]] - [[Bankura]] - [[Mejia, West Bengal|Mejia]] - [[Raniganj]] and terminating at its junction with NH 2
|{{convert|389|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|12
|[[National Highway 60A (India, old numbering)|60A]]
| [[Bankura]] - [[Chhatna]] - [[Hura]] - [[Landhurka]] - [[Puruliya]]
|{{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|13
|[[National Highway 80 (India, old numbering)|80]]
| [[Farrakka]] up to Bihar Border
|{{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|14
|[[National Highway 81 (India, old numbering)|81]]
|From Bihar Border - [[Harishchandrapur]] - [[Kumangarj]] - [[English Bazar|Malda]]
|{{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|15
|[[National Highway 117 (India, old numbering)|117]]
|Setu - [[Kolkata]] - [[Diamond Harbour]] - [[Kulpi]] - [[Namkhana]] - [[Bakkhali]]
|{{convert|138|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
|16
|[[National Highway 116B (India, old numbering)|116B]]
|[[Nandakumar (community development block)|Nandakumar]] - [[Contai]] - [[Digha]] - [[Chandaneswar]]
|{{convert|91|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
!-
!-
! '''Total'''
!{{convert|2421|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|}

==See also==
* [[2010 renumbering of national highways in India]]
* [[National Highways Authority of India]]
* [[National Highways Development Project]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160611061444/http://www.nhai.org/] [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI)
* [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/national-highway.htm] Map for all the National Highway
* [http://morth.nic.in/] Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
* [http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/NH_Length5919329610.htm] National Highways routewise info-Source-[[Government of India]]
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090410061447/http://gis.nic.in/roads/?linkid=183&langid=2 |title=National GIS Project - State Road maps |date=2009-04-10}}

{{Indian Highways Network}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Highways In India By State}}
[[Category:National highways in India (old numbering)|*]]
[[Category:Lists of roads in India]]
[[Category:India transport-related lists]]

Aadi Srinivas

2026-04-10T16:17:14Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Put up some article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Aadi Srinivas''' (born 1966) in Rudrangi is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]] state. He is a member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Vemulawada Assembly constituency]] in [[Rajanna Sircilla district]]. He represents [[Indian National Congress]] and won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vemulawada assembly election results 2023: Vemulawada Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana/vemulawada-assembly-result-29028 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vemulawada Election Result 2023 Live, Vemulawada Elections Vote Counting, Telangana Results 2023 {{!}} ABP News |url=https://news.abplive.com/electionselections/telangana-assembly-election-2023/telangana-vemulawada-constituency-28.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Vemulawada Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/vemulawada-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687816.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Srinivas is from [[Vemulawada, Rajanna Sircilla district|Vemulawada]], Rajanna Sircilla district. His father is Aadi Govindu. He completed a diploma from Industrial Training Institute, [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aadi Srinivas(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- VEMULAWADA(RAJANNA SIRCILLA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=326 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Srinivas won from [[Vemulawada Assembly constituency]] in his third attempt. Representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]], he polled 71,451 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Chalimeda Lakshmi Narasimha Rao of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] by a margin of 14,581 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vemulawada Constituency Election Results 2023: Vemulawada Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/vemulawada |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vemulawada Election Result 2023 Live, Vemulawada Elections Vote Counting, Telangana Results 2023 {{!}} ABP News |url=https://news.abplive.com/electionselections/telangana-assembly-election-2023/telangana-vemulawada-constituency-28.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> Contesting on Congress ticket, he lost the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] from Vemulawada seat to [[Ramesh Chennamaneni]] of [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] by a margin of votes.<ref name=":0" /> Earlier in 2014, he contested on Bharatiya Janata Party ticket and lost to Ramesh by a margin of 5,268 votes.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, Aadi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Rajanna Sircilla district]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Telangana]]

Giriyak Stupa

2026-03-30T20:49:21Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Made the data v1.

{{Short description|Gupta-era stupa in Bihar, India}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Giriyak Stupa गिरियक स्तूप {{in lang|hi}}
| image = Giriyak Stupa.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = The stupa in 2022, after extensive restoration by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| map_type = India#India Bihar
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = yes
| map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| location = {{flagicon|India}} [[Giriyak]], [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|25|01|30|N|85|30|47|E|display = inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| sect = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
| architecture_type = [[Stupa]]
| architecture_style = [[Buddhist architecture|Buddhist]], [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]
| year_completed = c. 400 - 500 CE<ref name=Cunningham1871>{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Cunningham|title=Four reports made during the years 1862-63-64-65|volume=1|pages=16–20|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|location=Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India|year=1871|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.94077/page/n103/mode/2up}}</ref>
| height_max = {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=off}}
| materials = brick
| functional_status = Preserved
| administration = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
}}
'''Giriyak Stupa''', also known as ''Jarasandha-ka-baithak'' (Jarasandha's Throne),<ref name=Cunningham1871/> is an ancient cylindrical [[stupa]] located in the [[Nalanda district]] of [[Bihar]], India.

==Location==
Giriyak Stupa is located in the [[Rajgir Hills]] in [[Nalanda district]] of [[Bihar]], India. It is situated on the western side of the Panchane River, opposite the [[community development block|village]] of [[Giriyak]].<ref name=Cunningham1871/>

==Name==
Giriyak Stupa is also known as ''Jarasandha-ka-baithak'' (Jarasandha's Throne).<ref name=Cunningham1871/> [[Jarasandha]] was a [[Legendary (hagiography)|legendary]] king of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]. He was the son of a king named [[Brihadratha]].<ref name="telegraphindia">{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2016 |title=Five-year restoration effort bears fruit |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/five-year-restoration-effort-bears-fruit/cid/1364681 |access-date=November 5, 2021 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>

==Description==
As it appears today, the stupa is a cylindrical tower, the wall of which is lined with a [[brickwork]] [[Masonry#Veneer_masonry|veneer]]. It is {{convert|8.5|m|ft|abbr=off}} in diameter and {{convert|6.5|m|ft|abbr=off}} in height, resting on a {{convert|4.4|m|ft|abbr=off}} high square [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]]. When construction of the stupa was completed (about 1500 years ago), there was a solid brick dome atop the cylinder, which in turn was capped with a stone umbrella canopy. Its height at that time — from the bottom of the foundation to the top of the canopy — is estimated to have been at least {{convert|16.7|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The style of ornamentation is of the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] period (4th - 6th century CE), similar to that of the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] in [[Bodh Gaya]].<ref name=Cunningham1871/> The ruins of a Gupta-era brick [[Buddhist temple]] are located nearby. Other nearby structures are the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] (4th - 2nd century BCE) and [[Pala Empire|Pala]] (8th - 12th century CE) periods.<ref name=telegraphindia/>

==History==
[[File:Giriyak Stupa 1862.jpg|thumb|left|The stupa as it appeared to [[Alexander Cunningham]] in 1862]]
The hill on which these structures are found very closely matches the account of the "Hill of the Isolated Rock" related in 400 CE by the Chinese Buddhist monk [[Faxian]],<ref name=Faxian400>{{cite book|last=Hian|first=Fah|authorlink=Faxian|translator-last=Beal|translator-first=Samuel|translator-link=Samuel Beal|title=Travels Of Fah Hian And Sung Yun From China To India|pages=110–11|publisher=Trubner and Company|location=London|orig-date=original date 400 CE|year=1869|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283938/page/n183/mode/2up}}</ref> as well as the description by [[Xuanzang]] of the hill of ''Indra-sila-guha''.<ref name=Julien1853>{{cite book|first=Stanislas|last=Julien|authorlink=Stanislas Julien|title=Histoire de la Vie de Hiouen-Thsang|trans-title=History of the Life of Xuanzang|pages=161–3|publisher=L'Imprimerie Imperiale|location=Paris|year=1853|language=fr|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280705/page/n249/mode/2up}}</ref> Faxian made no mention of the stupa, but Xuanzang (c. 622 CE) did mention it. This led [[Alexander Cunningham]] (founder and first Director-General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]) to the conclusion that the stupa was probably constructed around 500 CE. According to an ancient legend, Buddhist monks built the stupa over the body of a dead goose.<ref name=Cunningham1871/><ref name=Beal1914>{{cite book|translator-last1=Beal|translator-first1=Samuel|translator-link1=Samuel Beal|last=Li|first=Hwui|authorlink=Hwui Li|edition=2nd|volume=Book III|title=The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang|chapter=Sacred spots at Banaras|pages=119–120|publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company|location=London|year=1914|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofhiuentsian030569mbp/page/n171/mode/2up}}</ref> Cunningham found a broken sculpture with a carving of a goose on its pedestal, which supports his assertion that Giriyak Stupa is in fact the structure referred to in Xuanzang's account.<ref name=Cunningham1871/>

[[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] visited the area in 1811, as part of a survey of the areas within the jurisdiction of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]]. He reported the presence of a tunnel or entrance at the base of the stupa, which he believed to have been created by a treasure hunter. In 1870, Alexander Cunningham excavated a {{convert|12.5|m|ft|abbr=off}} shaft from the top of the stupa all the way down to the stone foundation and then extended the earlier tunnel until it connected with the shaft. These excavations failed to reveal any information about the history of the structure.<ref name=Cunningham1871/>

==Restoration==
The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) conducted extensive restoration work on the cylindrical pillar of the stupa from 2011 until 2016. The badly decayed cylindrical wall of the stupa has been covered with a layer of bricks, and the tunnel at the base of the stupa has been filled.<ref name=telegraphindia/>

==See also==
*[[Chaukhandi Stupa]]
*[[Dhamek Stupa]]
*[[Indrasala Cave]]
*[[Sarnath]]
*[[List of Buddhist temples]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Archaeological sites in India}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Buddhist holy sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Stupas in India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Bihar]]

NGM College

2026-03-28T08:00:05Z

CaraVanOtterloo: redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of educational institutions in Coimbatore#Colleges]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Tripura Lokayukta

2026-03-26T08:06:22Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created data.

{{Short description|Parliamentary Ombudsman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Tripura Lokayukta
| nativename =
| nativenamea =
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| patch =
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| formed = 2008
| preceding1 =
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| country = India
| federal = No
| map =
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| legaljuris =
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| headquarters = Tripura Lokayukta.
| hqlocmap =
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| chief1name = KN Bhattacharjee.<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref1" />
| chief1position = Lokayukta Chairperson.
| parentagency =
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'''Tripura Lokayukta''' is the [[Parliamentary Ombudsman]] for the state of [[Tripura]] ([[India]]). It is a high level statutory functionary, created to address grievances of the public against ministers, legislators, administration and public servants in issues related to misuse of power, mal-administration and corruption. It was first formed under the Tripura Lokayukta and Deputy Lokayukta Act-2008 and approved by the [[president of India]]. With [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]] adopted by the [[Parliament of India]] coming into force on 16 January 2014, each [[States of India|state in India]] was required to appoint its [[Lokayukta]] within a year.<ref name="Bihar Lok Ref3">{{cite news |last1=Seetharaman |first1=G. |title=Delay in appointment of Lokpal & Lokayukta: Who will bell the graft? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-there-is-no-lokpal-at-centre-and-lokayukta-in-many-states/articleshow/66570168.cms |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Lok Ref4">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha passes landmark Lokpal Bill |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lok-sabha-passes-landmark-lokpal-bill/article20701403.ece1 |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=businessline |date=12 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> A bench of Lokayukta should consist of judicial and non-judicial members.<ref name="Bihar Lok Ref5">{{cite news |title=Only four states have appointed judicial, non-judicial members of Lokayukta, says report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/only-four-states-have-appointed-judicial-non-judicial-members-of-lokayukta-says-report/articleshow/79627314.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=8 December 2020}}</ref> An Upa-Lokayukta is a deputy to Lokayukta<ref name="Hary Lok Ref1">{{cite news |title=No provision of advertising vacancies of Lokayukta: MP Govt |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/no-provision-of-advertising-vacancies-of-lokayukta-mp-govt/articleshow/50742053.cms |access-date=12 September 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=27 January 2016}}</ref> and assists him in his work and acts in-charge Lokayukta in case the position falls vacant prematurely.

A [[Lokayukta]] of the state is appointed to office by the state [[Governor]] after consulting the committee consisting of State [[Chief Minister]], [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of Legislative Assembly, [[Leader of Opposition]],<ref name="Hary Lok Ref1" /> or leader of largest opposition party in State Legislature, Chairman of Legislative Council and Leader of Opposition of Legislative Council and cannot be removed from office except for reasons specified in the Act and will serve the period of five years.

== History and administration ==

The Tripura Lokayukta Bill, 2008 was passed in the Tripura Assembly in 2008 and got approved by President of India on same year.<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref2" /><ref name="Tripura Lok Ref5">{{cite news |title=New Tripura Lokayukta assumes office |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/new-tripura-lokayukta-assumes-office-1493285485.html |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=The Statesman |date=27 April 2017}}</ref> The bill is a tool to create Lokayukta as an autonomous body for checking corruption-related complaints in the state. The Bill has similar provisions as the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 passed by parliament and will cover employees of state government whether working in or out of state but under the control of state government.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

== Oath or affirmation ==

{{Blockquote|"I, <name>, having been appointed Lokayukta (or Upa-Lokayukta) do swear in the name of God (or solemnly affirm) that I will bear faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will."|First Schedule, Tripura Lokayukta and Deputy Lokayukta Act-2008}}

== Powers ==

Tripura Lokayukta has complete and exclusive authority for enquiring into allegations or complaints against the State Chief Minister, State Deputy Chief Minister, Ministers of the state Government, Leader of Opposition and Government officials of all grades. Lokayukta Act of the state which serves as its tool against corruption<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref3" /> covers Chief Ministers, ex-Chief Ministers, Government officials, Ministers, IAS officers and all public servants including from local administration, police, customs and heads of companies, and societies, trusts which are partly funded by state or centre and state government employees working outside state but under control of state government.<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref9">{{cite news |title=Tripura brings officials within Lokayukta's purview |url=https://assamtribune.com/tripura-brings-officials-within-lokayuktas-purview |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=assamtribune.com |date=15 September 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tripura Lok Ref4" />

== Appointment and tenure ==

Tripura Lokayukta is veteran lawyer KN Bhattacharjee,<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref7">{{cite news |title=New Tripura Lokayukta assumes office - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/new-tripura-lokayukta-assumes-office/ |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=28 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> and will hold office for a term of three years<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref2">{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Chandan |title=Veteran advocate KN Bhattacharjee appointed new Lokayukta in Tripura |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/tripura/2021/07/03/veteran-advocate-kn-bhattacharjee-appointed-new-lokayukta-in-tripura/ |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=EastMojo |date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="Tripura Lok Ref4">{{cite news |title=Tripura appoints lawyer KN Bhattacharjee as new Lokayukta |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/tripura/tripura-appoints-lawyer-kn-bhattacharjee-as-new-lokayukta.html |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=nenow.in |date=3 July 2021}}</ref> or attaining the age of 70 years whichever is earlier. He is the first lawyer<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref6">{{cite news |title=Veteran lawyer K N Bhattacharjee appointed as Tripura Lokayukta {{!}} Tripuraindia |url=https://www.tripuraindia.in/update/index/veteran-lawyer-k-n-bhattacharjee-appointed-as-tripura-lokayukta |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=tripuraindia.in |date=2 July 2021}}</ref> to be appointed as Lokayukta which was earlier held by members serving as judge in High Courts. He is the third person to be appointed as Lokayukta.<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref1">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Biswendu |title=Lawyer appointed 3rd Lokayukta of Tripura {{!}} Agartala News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/lawyer-appointed-3rd-lokayukta-of-tripura/articleshow/84087881.cms |access-date=22 September 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=3 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He was preceded by former judge of Gujarat and Guwahati high courts, Justice Pradip Kumar Sarkar<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref3" /> as first Lokayukta in 2012 and Justice Subal Baidya,<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref3">{{cite news |title=New Tripura Lokayukta assumes office |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/new-tripura-lokayukta-assumes-office-117042700579_1.html |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=27 April 2017}}</ref> former judge of Kolkata and [[Andhra Pradesh]] high courts, as second Lokayukta till 2017.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

== Notable cases ==

In 2021, Tripura Lokayukta in a complaint before it relating to alleged misappropriation of Rs 10.52 [[crore]] released by the central government for cultivation in Jatropha issued directions to the state government for a thorough investigation.<ref name="Tripura Lok Ref8">{{cite news |title=Tripura Lokayukta wants investigation - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/tripura-lokayukta-wants-investigation/ |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=24 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013|Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.example.com www.example.com]


[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Lokayuktas]]

Coimbatore Wet Grinder

2026-03-25T10:20:39Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Made some stub first draft.

{{Short description|Type of wet grinder from Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Coimbatore Wet Grinder
| image = Wet grinder.JPG
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Coimbatore Wet Grinder
| description = [[Wet grinder (food)|wet grinder]]s manufactured in [[Coimbatore]]
| type = Manufactured
| area = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 2005–06
| material = [[granite]], [[steel]], [[electric motor]]
| official website =
}}
'''Coimbatore Wet Grinder''' refers to [[Wet grinder (food)|wet grinder]]s manufactured in [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Grinder">{{cite web|url=http://coimbatore.nic.in/industry.html|title=Industry of Coimbatore|publisher=Coimbatore Corporation|access-date=28 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730121603/http://coimbatore.nic.in/industry.html|archive-date=30 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has been recognized as a [[Geographical indication]] by the [[Government of India]] in 2005–06.<ref name="GI">{{cite web|url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/ |title=Geographical indication |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826183844/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 }}</ref> {{As of|2015}}, Coimbatore has more than 700 [[Wet grinder (food)|wet grinder]] manufacturers with a monthly output 75,000 units<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/03/24/stories/2005032401051700.htm|title=Wet grinder units form group to get SIDBI aid|date=24 March 2005|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|access-date=20 September 2009}}</ref> per every 100,000 produced in India.<ref name="mint">{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/r8UaiAN7APhsLubxdYWgOL/Poll-code-set-to-hit-business-of-Coimbatores-wetgrinder-ma.html|title=Poll code set to hit wet grinders business|newspaper=Live Mint|date=6 August 2015}}</ref>

==Wet Grinder==
{{Main|Wet grinder (food)}}

A wet grinder is a [[food preparation]] [[kitchen appliance|appliance]] used for grinding [[food grain]]s to produce [[batter (cooking)|batter]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Krishna Dubey |title=The Indian Cuisine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4woRbF8irsC&q=what+is+wet+grinder+cuisine|year=2010 |publisher=PHI |isbn=9788120341708|pages=29}}</ref> Batter is used extensively in [[South Indian cuisine]] for preparation of popular dishes such as [[Dosa (food)|dosa]], [[idly]], [[vada (food)|vada]], [[appam]] and [[paniyaram]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Farnworth |first= Edward R. |title= Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods |year=2003 |publisher= CRC Press |isbn= 978-0-8493-1372-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Charmaine O' Brien |title=The Penguin Food Guide to India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT378 |date=15 December 2013 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-93-5118-575-8 |pages=378 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC&pg=PA80 | author=K. T. Achaya |pages=80, 90|publisher=Universities Press| isbn=978-81-7371-293-7 |date=November 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=South Indians in Kolkata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swNuAAAAMAAJ| author=P. Thankappan Nair | year=2004 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |page=320 | isbn=978-81-86791-50-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Vir Sanghvi |title=Rude Food: The Collected Food Writings of Vir Sanghvi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK1uGVxmEiUC&pg=PA110 |date=1 January 2004 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-303139-0 |pages=109–110 }}</ref> It consists of [[granite]] stones which rotate inside a metal drum with the help of an [[electric motor]] and the food grains get crushed between the stone and drum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiacurry.com/faqappliance/wetgrinder.htm|title=How to choose a Wet grinder|publisher=indiacurry.com|access-date=24 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219225822/http://www.indiacurry.com/faqappliance/wetgrinder.htm|archive-date=19 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
P. Sabapathy developed the wet grinder in [[Coimbatore]] in 1955.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/How-a-wedding-gift-turned-into-a-freebie/articleshow/7829923.cms|title=How a wedding gift turned into a freebie|date=31 March 2011|publisher=’’[[Times of India]]’’}}</ref><ref name="report">{{cite report | title=Diagnostic study of the "wet grinder cluster" at Coimbatore | url=http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/schemes/wet_grinder_cluster.pdf | publisher=Development Commissioner, [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]] | access-date=24 January 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221307/http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/schemes/wet_grinder_cluster.pdf | archive-date=3 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Sabapathy">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-magic-of-the-arc-lights/article2222569.ece|title=Magic of the arc lights|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 July 2011}}</ref> Sabapathy introduced the grinders to other cities such as [[Chennai]] and [[Madurai]].<ref name="Sabapathy"/> In 1963, P. B. Krishnamurthy started Lakshmi Grinders which led to the commercial popularity of wet grinders.<ref name="history">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/namma-coimbatore/article5522897.ece|title=Namma Coimbatore|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=31 December 2013}}</ref> In 1975, R. Doraiswamy invented the tilting wet grinders.<ref name="history"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santhagrinders.com|title=Santha Grinders|publisher=santhagrinders.com|access-date=24 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109164821/http://santhagrinders.com/|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> L. G. Varadaraj introduced the table top wet grinders which replaced grinders which had to be placed on the ground.<ref name="history"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2709/stories/20100507270910100.htm|title=Coimbatore's engineering and textile industries are abuzz with activity, ending a period of slowdown|publisher=Frontline| access-date=24 January 2016}}</ref>

==Industry==
[[File: Wet grinder - Commercial.jpg|thumb|Earlier wet grinders]]
As the product was invented in the city, Coimbatore naturally emerged as a center for the manufacture of wet grinders. The availability of raw material in the form of granite stones, electric motor manufacturing units and the necessary heavy equipment such as [[lathe]]s, [[drilling machine|drilling]] and [[milling machine]]s used in manufacturing aided the development of the industry.<ref name="report"/>

The city contributes to about 75% of the 1 lakh total monthly output of wet grinders in India.<ref name="mint"/> The industry employs 20,000 people directly and provides indirect employment to 50,000.<ref name="report"/> In 2011, the cluster had a yearly turnover of {{INRconvert|225|c}} which grew to {{INRconvert|2800|c}} in 2015.<ref name="mint"/>

==Recent developments==
In 2007, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] opened a center for manufacturing raw materials for wet grinders and a research center built at a cost of {{INRconvert|28.8|m}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/05/stories/2007080559430300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027103719/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/05/stories/2007080559430300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2007|title=Common facility for wet grinders|date=5 August 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 September 2009}}</ref> The industry grew over ten times in the last few years due to procurement of nearly 22.5 million{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} wet grinders by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] for free distribution to green family card holders.<ref name="mint"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-the-ultimate-freebie-state/article7046314.ece|title=Tamil Nadu, the ultimate freebie state|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date= 30 March 2015}}</ref> In 2015, the [[Government of Puducherry]] announced distribution of free wet grinders to 3.37 lakh families for which it plans to procure wet grinders at a cost of {{INRconvert|120|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/over-four-years-after-it-made-a-promise-ainrc-government-launches-freebies-scheme-in-puducherry/article7577773.ece|title=Over four years after it made a promise, AINRC government launches freebies scheme in Puducherry|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date= 25 August 2015}}</ref>

Wet grinders are mainly sold through retail channels with the manufacturer distributing it through intermediaries. Since 2014, the sales through [[e-commerce]] channel has grown considerably helping in bulk sales and brand building.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/ecommerce-makes-inroads-in-coimbatore-manufacturing-activities/article7341110.ece|title=e-commerce makes inroads in Coimbatore manufacturing activities|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date= 22 June 2015}}</ref>

==Geographical Indication==
In 2005, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] applied for [[Geographical Indication]] for Coimbatore wet grinder.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/GI-tag-TN-trails-Karnataka-with-18-products/articleshow/6458268.cms|title= GI tag: TN trails Karnataka with 18 products|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=29 August 2013}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] recognized it as a [[Geographical indication]] officially since the year 2005–06.<ref name="GI"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Coimbatore}}
{{Kongu Nadu}}

[[Category:Indian inventions]]
[[Category:Coimbatore district]]
[[Category:Economy of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu]]

Mallika Das

2026-03-14T18:56:46Z

CaraVanOtterloo: starting post

{{Short description|Indian audiographer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mallika Das
| birth_place = [[Chaygaon|Chhaygaon]], [[Assam]]
| occupation = Audiographer
| known_for = [[Village Rockstars]]
| awards = [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Audiography|National Film Award]]
}}

'''Mallika Das''' is an Indian audiographer who works in Assamese cinema. She is known for her work in [[Village Rockstars]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village Rockstars' Oscar Journey Ends, But Has Been Incredible: Rima Das' Emotional Note |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/village-rockstars-oscar-journey-ends-but-has-been-incredible-rima-das-emotional-note-1964545 |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> that won many awards including four National Film Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |last3= |first3= |title=65th National Film Awards: A look at the complete list of winners and more |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/65th-national-film-awards-1225873-2018-05-03 |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The film was also selected as India's official entry to the [[91st Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village Rockstars out of Oscar race |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/village-rockstars-out-of-oscar-race-in-foreign-language-film-category/cid/1679260 |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> Mallika was also awarded the Best Audiography award for Village Rockstar at the [[65th National Film Awards]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-22 |title=Assam: Rima Das's Village Rockstars selected for Oscars 2019 |url=http://nenow.in/entertainment/village-rockstars-selected-as-indias-official-entry-into-oscars-2019.html |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Naqvi |first=Sadiq |date=2018-04-14 |title=Bhanita Das' journey from a small village girl to national award winner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/bhanita-das-journey-from-a-small-village-girl-to-national-award-winner/story-NxgJtrbeah62dHywiSkYlJ.html |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mallika was born in [[Chaygaon]], [[Assam]], and is currently pursuing degree in Chaygaon. She is the eldest sister of [[Bhanita Das]], an elementary school girl who lives with her widowed mother who does farming to make end meets.<ref name=":0" />

== Village Rockstars ==
Village Rockstars was given an opportunity to help the film director [[Rima Das]]. She was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Audiography]] and a prize of Rs 50,000.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=9773229}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Mallika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Best Audiography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Cheraw (dance)

2026-03-13T20:01:27Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Made first info w/ sources.

{{Short description|Mizo traditional bamboo dance from Mizoram, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox dance
| title = Bamboo Dance
| name = Cheraw
| image = File:Cheraw jampui.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Mizo girls performing the Cheraw dance
| genre = [[Folk dance]]
| signature =
| inventor =
| year = 1st Century A.D
| origin = *[[Mizoram]], India
*[[Yunnan]], China (historically)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santosh |date=2024-01-14 |title=Folk Dance Of Mizoram {{!}} Traditional Dances of Mizoram |url=https://www.worldblaze.in/folk-dance-of-mizoram/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=World Blaze |language=en-US}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Chapchar Kut cheraw dance 2014.webm|thumb|300px|[[Chapchar Kut]] Cheraw dance in [[Mizoram]].]]
'''Cheraw dance''' is a traditional bamboo dance performed by the [[Mizo people]] of [[Mizoram]], India, consisting of mostly six to eight people holding pairs of bamboo staves on another horizontally placed bamboo on the ground.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mizo Cheraw Dance (Indian Administrative Service - IAS) |url=https://prepp.in/news/e-492-cheraw-indian-folk-dance-art-and-culture-notes |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Prepp |language=en}}</ref> The dance is considered one of the oldest known [[Mizo culture#Mizo folk dance|Mizo dances]], with origins possibly dating to the 1st century AD, during the era before the [[Zo people|Kuki-Mizo]] migration into the [[Chin Hills]] and later Mizoram.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Mizoram set a [[Guinness World Record]] in 2010, when over 10,736 dancers performed Cheraw in unison for eight minutes on a 3 km stretch in [[Aizawl]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6= |first6= |date=2021-04-29 |title=A Dance with Bamboo-- from the Land of Mizos |url=https://www.joyofdance.in/2021/04/a-dance-with-bamboos-from-land-of-mizos.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Joyofdance |language=en}}</ref>

== Dance ==
In the Cheraw dance, pairs of long [[bamboo]] poles are rhythmically tapped on the ground and struck together by participants, usually men, seated opposite each other. Female dancers move in synchronization with this rhythm, stepping in and out of the bamboo poles, crossing over them and performing controlled hops, slides and glides.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The rhythmic beats of Cheraw Dance |url=https://satyaagrah.com/sanatan/dharm-sanskriti/2890-cheraw |website=satyagraah}}</ref> As the dance progresses, both the speed of the bamboo tapping and the complexity of the dancer's footwork gradually increase. The dance requires careful coordination and timing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gkseries |date=2025-05-23 |title=Cheraw dance - Indina Folk Dance |url=https://www.gkseries.com/blog/cheraw-dance-indina-folk-dance/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Gkseries.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-06-10 |title=Bamboo Dance (Cheraw) – Traditional Dance of Mizoram - Humans of Northeast India {{!}} HONEI |url=https://humansofnortheast.com/bamboo-dance-cheraw-traditional-dance-of-mizoram/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miscellaneous Arts and Crafts in Mizoram {{!}} IGNCA |url=https://ignca.gov.in/divisionss/janapada-sampada/northeastern-regional-centre/miscellaneous-arts-and-crafts-in-mizoram/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[choreography]] of Cheraw incorporates movements inspired swaying of trees or the flight of birds.<ref name=":1" /> The bamboo poles generate the core rhythm, modern versions of the dance are sometimes accompanied by traditional Mizo instruments, including the ''khuang'' (drum) and ''darbu'' (gong), cymbals.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

It is mainly showcased during community gatherings, weddings and national events.<ref name=":3" />

==Modern==
Later practice of Cheraw is accompanied by accordion, mandolin and guitar played in non traditional clothes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pachuau |first1=Joy |title=The Camera as a witness |date=13 April 2015 |publisher=Cambridge |isbn=9781107073395 |pages=283}}</ref>

==Dress code==
The common costumes worn by the performers during the Cheraw dance include:

Women
*Vakiria - is a female headress made of bamboo and decorated with feathers, beetles wings and other colorful objects, from the 1960s it evolved into the present form.
*Kawrchei - White red green black blouse.
*Puanchei - White red green black sarong.
Men
*Khumbeu - [[Asian conical hat|Bamboo hat]]
*Mizo Shawl
All these traditional costumes of Cheraw Dance come in vibrant colors that further brighten up the surrounding environment.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="130" heights="130">
File:The artists performing a dance ‘Cheraw Kanpui’ during the inauguration of the Chapchar Kut -2010 festivals celebration, in Aizawl, Mizoram on March 11, 2010.jpg|Artists perform Cheraw dance during the inauguration of the Chapchar Kut 2010 festival in Aizawl, Mizoram
File:Cheraw.jpg
File:மிசோ நடனம்.jpg
File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu witnessing the traditional Cheraw dance performed by the Students of Mizoram University, in Aizawl, Mizoram.JPG|Cheraw dance performed by the Students of [[Mizoram University]] in Aizawl
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Bihu dance]]
*[[Manipuri dance]]
*[[Chin Bamboo Dance]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120502114607/http://mizotourism.nic.in/index.htm Mizoram Tourism]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120721082638/http://www.mapsofindia.com/mizoram/culture/cheraw-dance.html mapsofindia.com]

{{Dance in India}}

[[Category:Indian folk dances]]
[[Category:Group dances]]
[[Category:Culture of Mizoram]]

National Film Award for Best Debut Film of a Director (non-feature film)

2026-03-12T14:05:32Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Debut Film of a Director
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = National award for contributions to non-feature films
| awarded_for = Best debutant directorial work for a short film of a year
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 1991 (Instituted in 1989)
| reward = {{ubl|Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus)|{{INR|3,00,00}}}}
| former name = National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director (1991–2021)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = Shilpika Bordoloi, ''Mau: The Spirit Dreams of Cheraw'' (2023)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Debut Film of a Director''' is one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is one of several awards presented for non-feature films and awarded with Golden Lotus (Swarna Kamal).

The award was instituted in 1989, at [[37th National Film Awards]] and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. Since the [[70th National Film Awards]], the name was changed to "Best Debut Film of a Director" and was changed the status from Silver Lotus to Golden Lotus.<ref>{{cite web |author=Under Secretary to the Government of India |date=14 December 2023 |title=Report on Rationalization of Awards Conferred by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India |url=https://mib.gov.in/filmsdocuments/report-rationalization-awards-conferred-ministry-information-broadcasting |access-date=25 August 2024 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]}}</ref> Also, the director is alone eligible for the award since this edition.

== Winners ==

Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|bgcolor="#EBEBE0" width=30| ||Indicates a joint award for that year
|}

===1992–present===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="6" | List of award recipients, showing the year, film(s), language(s), producer(s) and director(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Language(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Producer(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Director(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%;" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center" | [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Kamlabai''
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|[[:ml:റീന_മോഹൻ|Reena Mohan]]
| Reena Mohan
| align="center" |<ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/78_39ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Knock-Out (1992 film)|Knock-Out]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| [[B. Lenin]]
| [[B. Lenin]]
| align="center" |<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/77_40thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Bazar Sitaram''
| Hindi
| [[Neena Gupta]] for [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]
| [[Neena Gupta]]
| align="center" |<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/76_41stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''A Little War''
| Hindi
| [[Film and Television Institute of India|FTII]]
| Atanu Biswas
| align="center" |<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''All Alone If Need Be''
| English
| Amulya Kakati
| Ranjit Das
| align="center" |<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/74_43rdNfacatalogue.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Yeh Woh Sahar To Nahin''
| Hindi
| FTII
| Sudhakar Rao
| align="center" |<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/73_44thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Mizhavu – A Silent Drum Beat''
| English
| P. D. Raphel
| K. R. Subhash
| align="center" |<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Repentance''
| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| [[Mohan Agashe]] for Films Division
| Rajeev Raj
| align="center" |<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/71_46thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Deivangal Padiyirangumbol (When Gods Depart)''
| Tamil
| Pradeep Kumar
| Pradeep Kumar
| align="center" |<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/70_47thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Meena Jha''
| Hindi
| [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]
| Anjalika Sharma
| align="center" |<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/69_48thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Diary of a Housewife]]''
| Malayalam
| Asha Joseph and [[Vinod Sukumaran]]
| [[Vinod Sukumaran]]
| align="center" |<ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/68_49thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Paramapatham''
| Tamil
| [[Film and Television Institute of Tamil Nadu]]
| Prabhu Radhakrishnan
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/67_50thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Beyond or Within''
| English
| P. T. M. Payyoli
| Vinod Mankara
|-
| align="center" | [[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''An Encounter with a Life Living''
| Hindi and English
| [[Vinu Abraham]]
| Suja
| align="center" |<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/66_51stNfacatalogue.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Ek Sagar Kinaree... A Seaside Story''
| Marathi and English
| [[Gomantak Marathi Academy]]
|[[Laxmikant Shetgaonkar]]
| align="center" |<ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/50_52thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''John and Jane''
| English
| [[Ashim Ahluwalia]]
| [[Ashim Ahluwalia]]
| align="center" |<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/49_53Nfacatalogue-%20.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Andhiyum''
| Malayalam
| N. Dinesh Rajkumar
| [[Jacob Verghese]]
| align="center" |<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/48_54sthNfaArchives.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Lal Juto''
| Bengali
| [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]
| Shweta Merchant
| align="center" |<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/47_55Nfacatalogue-%20.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Vitthal''
| Marathi
| Vinoo Choliparambil and Manu Pushpendran
| Vinoo Choliparambil
| align="center" |<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/46_56thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Vaishnav Jan Toh''
| Hindi
| FTII
| Kaushal Oza
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/45_57thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''Ekti Kaktaliyo Golpo''
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| FTII
| Tathagata Singha
|-
| align="center" | [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Pistulya]]''
| [[Marathi Language|Marathi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Nagraj Manjule]]
| [[Nagraj Manjule]]
| align="center" |<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/44_58thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''The Silent Poet''
| [[Meitei language|Meitei]]
| Borun Thokchom
| Borun Thokchom
| align="center" |<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Eka Gachha Eka Manisa Eka Samudra''
| [[Oriya language|Oriya]]
| Veenu Bhushan Vaid
| Lipika Singh Darai
| align="center" |<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press_release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Kanyaka''
| Malayalam
| [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]
| [[Christo Tomy]]
| align="center" |<ref name="61staward">{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Goonga Pehelwan]]''
|
| Drishti Media
| Mit Jani, Prateek Gupta and Vivek Chaudhary
| align="center" |<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press_release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Daaravtha''
| Marathi
| Nishantroy Bombarde
| Nishantroy Bombarde
| align="center" |<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press_release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Soz...A Ballad of Maladies''
|
| [[Rajiv Mehrotra]]
| Tushar Madhav
| align="center" |<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press_release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Water Baby''
|
| Varun Shah
| Pia Shah
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center" | [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Feluda: 50 Years of Ray's Detective]]''
|
| Sagnik Chatterjee
| Sagnik Chatterjee
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center" | [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Khisa''
| Marathi
| Santosh Maithani
| Raj Pritam More
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=67th National Film Awards announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1706663 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Pariah''
| Marathi and Hindi
| MIT School of Film & Television
| Vishesh Iyer
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-07-22 |title=68th National Film Awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/68th-national-film-awards-live-here-are-all-the-winners/article65670011.ece |access-date=2022-07-22 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Paanchika''
|
| Shreya Kapadiya
| Ankit Kothari
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=69th National Film Awards for the year 2021 announce |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1951758 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|}

===2022–present===
Since the [[70th National Film Awards]], director alone is awarded.
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="5" | List of award films, showing the year (award ceremony), language(s) and director(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:5%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;" | Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;" | Language(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;" | Director(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center" | [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Madhyantara''
| Kannada
| Basti Dinesh Shenoy
| align="center" |<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-announcement-live-updates-when-and-where-to-watch-best-actor-12th-fail-vikrant-massey-101723795445961.html|title=70th National Film Awards announcement live updates: Rishabh Shetty wins Best Actor, Attam is Best Feature Film|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Mau: The Spirit Dreams of Cheraw''
| Mizo
| Shilpika Bordoloi
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=71st National Film Awards 2025 Live Updates: Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji win first National Awards; Vikrant Massey and 12th Fail bag trophies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/national-film-awards-2025-live-updates-winners-list-10160873/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]

{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|First Non-Feature Film]]
[[Category:Directorial debut film awards]]

Nallavanukku Nallavan

2026-03-12T05:59:15Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{short description|1984 film by S. P. Muthuraman}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nallavanukku Nallavan
| image = Nallavanukku Nallavan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. P. Muthuraman]]
| screenplay = [[Visu]]
| based_on = ''[[Dharmaatmudu]]'' (Telugu)
| starring = [[Rajinikanth]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]
| producer = [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] M. Balasubramanian
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = Babu
| editing = R. Vittal
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{film date|1984|10|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 175 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Nallavanukku Nallavan''''' ({{translation|Goodman to the good}}) is a 1984 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]], directed by [[S. P. Muthuraman]] and produced by [[AVM Productions]]. A remake of the 1983 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Dharmaatmudu]]'', it stars [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] in the lead roles, with [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Tulasi (actress)|Thulasi]], [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[Y. G. Mahendran]] and [[Visu]] in supporting roles. The film revolves around a worker who is bequeathed his late boss's business, earning the wrath of the boss's son who believes he swindled his father's business.

The screenplay was written by Visu, who made minor changes to differentiate it from the Telugu original, which co-producer [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] noticed was very similar to the unsuccessful Tamil film ''[[Hitler Umanath]]'' (1982). The music of the film was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], cinematography was handled by Babu, and editing by R. Vittal.

''Nallavanukku Nallavan'' was released on 22 October 1984, [[Diwali]] day and became a major commercial success, running for over 150 days in theatres across Tamil Nadu. For his performance, Rajinikanth won numerous awards, including the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]].

== Plot ==
Manickam is a well-meaning rogue. Uma, an orphaned woman, enters his house for safety from criminals who were chasing her. After he saves her from other criminals, he learns that she is a missing woman and drops her at her house. But upon seeing the abusive nature of her uncle Sadhasivam, he saves her and they marry. Manickam promises Uma he will not engage in violence, and surrenders to police inspector Azhagarsamy for his earlier acts.

Manickam is released from prison in time to see his newborn daughter Priya. Gangadharan, a friend of Azhagarsamy, gives Manickam employment at his factory, Victory Industries. When Gangadharan becomes bankrupt, he plans to close Victory Industries as he is unable to repay his debts to money lenders. Manickam persuades him to give him a chance to revive it and with hard efforts he repays all debts. As a token of gratitude, Gangadharan gives all his wealth to Manickam before dying.

Several years later, Manickam has been running Victory Industries to everyone's satisfaction. He also controls the financial affairs of Gangadharan's family. But Gangadharan's spoilt son Vinod dislikes Manickam, believing he swindled his father's business. Vinod tries to avenge Manickam by luring Priya. He brainwashes and marries her, much to the agony of Manickam and Uma, and Priya becomes estranged from them. Uma later dies of cardiac arrest. Manickam donates all his wealth and properties to Vinod, and tells him that he did not swindle his father's business.

Sadhasivam later tries to kill Vinod so that he can usurp his wealth. Priya informs Manickam of this, so he arrives and defeats Sadhasivam's thugs, saving Vinod in the process, while his friend Thakkali ties up Sadhasivam to be taken by the police. Manickam makes amends with Vinod and Priya, and plans to return to his old house, but is dissuaded by Priya, who reveals she is pregnant with Vinod's child.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Rajinikanth]] as Manickam
*[[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Uma
*[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Vinod
*[[Tulasi (actress)|Thulasi]] as Priya{{sfn|The Hindu|2012|p=71}}
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Sadhasivam<ref name="DinamalarSept2016" />
*[[Major Sundarrajan]] as Azhagarsamy<ref>{{Cite news |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=22 October 2020 |title='உன்னைத்தானே தஞ்சமென்று நம்பி வந்தேன் நானே', 'சிட்டுக்கு செல்லச்சிட்டுக்கு!'; ரஜினி, ஏவி.எம்., எஸ்.பி.எம்., இளையராஜாவின் 'நல்லவனுக்கு நல்லவன்!' – 36 ஆண்டுகளாகியும் இன்னும் 'நல்லவனுக்கு நல்லவன்' தான்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/593773-36-years-of-nallavanukku-nallavan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101050322/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/593773-36-years-of-nallavanukku-nallavan.html |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
*[[Y. G. Mahendran]] as Thakkali{{sfn|The Hindu|2012|p=71}}
*[[Visu]] as Gangadharan (special appearance)
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as 'Veri Naai' Vengaiya
*I.S.R as a police constable
*[[Surya Kiran (director)|Master Suresh]] as Gangadharan's son
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Gangadharan's wife
*Baby Kalpana as young Priya
*[[Kalpana Iyer]] (special appearance in the song "Vechukkava")<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 68" />
}}

== Production ==



=== Development ===
After watching the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Dharmaatmudu]]'' (1983), director [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]] told [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] of [[AVM Productions]] about his desire to remake it in Tamil; he wanted [[Rajinikanth]] to play the male lead. Producer [[K. Balaji]] had earlier attempted a remake with [[Sivaji Ganesan]], but dropped the project after feeling it was not suitable for Ganesan. Saravanan and others saw ''Dharmaatmudu'', and noticed how similar it was to the Tamil film ''[[Hitler Umanath]]'' (1982). Screenwriter [[Panchu Arunachalam]] objected to remaking ''Dharmaatmudu'' since ''Hitler Umanath'' was unsuccessful, but Saravanan and director [[S. P. Muthuraman]] knew there was something responsible for ''Dharmaatmudu''{{'}}s success.<ref name="pudhumai" /> They called [[Visu]] who, after watching the film, said it could be remade well with minor changes. He was soon finalised as the screenwriter for the remake which was titled ''Nallavanukku Nallavan''.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=283–284}} The film was directed by Muthuraman, produced by Saravanan and his brother M. Balasubramanian, with [[M. S. Guhan]] receiving an "associate producer" credit. Babu was hired for cinematography, and R. Vittal for editing.<ref name="primevideo" />

=== Casting and filming ===
Rajinikanth was cast Manickam and [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Uma.{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=109}} Radhika was cast after the producers were impressed with her performance in the Telugu film ''Bava Maradallu'' (1984).{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=286}} Muthuraman believed it would be innovative to see a heroic actor play a negative character, so he approached [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] for the role of Vinod. He initially refused as he was not interested in portraying a negative character, but after Saravanan promised to cast him in a heroic role in a later film (which would become 1985's ''[[Nalla Thambi]]''), he agreed.<ref name="DinamalarSept2016" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=3 August 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 69: வில்லனாக நடிக்க மறுத்த கார்த்திக்! |trans-title=Try making a film 69: Karthik was reluctant to play a villain! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/197934-69.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915045413/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/197934-69.html |archive-date=15 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Visu, in addition to working as screenwriter,{{sfn|The Hindu|2012|p=71}} also appeared as Vinod's father Gangadharan.{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=109}}

The song "Vechukkava" was shot on a set resembling a five-star hotel with 200 television sets used. The song "Unnaithane" was intended to be shot at Kerala, but could not due to heavy rain there. Instead, it was shot at Muttukaadu due to its atmosphere resembling that of Kerala.<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 68" /> One scene in the film involving a strike was based on a real incident which happened at [[TVS Motor Company]].{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=286}} For another scene, picturised on Rajinikanth and Karthik and shot at AVM Studios, Babu lied on a bed-sheet spread over the floor to film it from a new angle.<ref>{{Cite magazine |year=1984 |title=Rajanikanth in and as Nallavanukku Nallavan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0VQAAAAYAAJ&q=%22in+and+as%22 |access-date=18 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kisan World]] |publisher=[[Sakthi Group]] |page=56 |volume=11}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The climax was initially very sentimental and, according to Saravanan, a poetic finish.<ref name="pudhumai" /> While watching the double positive,{{efn|Double positive is the stage when dubbing for a film has been completed, and picture and sound are on separate tracks—a raw copy where visual effects and background score remain to be added.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Krissna |first1=Suresh |author-link=Suresh Krissna |title=My Days with Baasha |last2=Rangarajan |first2=Malathi |publisher=Westland Ltd. |year=2012 |isbn=978-93-8162-629-0 |pages=83–84}}</ref>}} he was dissatisfied since ''Nallavanukku Nallavan'' was primarily an action film and felt a gentle climax would not be suitable. Both Rajinikanth and Muthuraman preferred the sentimental climax, but Saravanan remained adamant. The film was already cleared by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]] with the sentimental climax, but it was decided to reshoot the film with an action-packed climax and submit that too to the Board, then decide which one to keep based on audience reactions; the audience preferred the action-packed climax.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=284–285}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 April 2017 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: நல்லவனுக்கு நல்லவன் படத்திற்கு இரண்டு கிளைமாக்ஸ் |trans-title=Flashback: Two climaxes for ''Nallavanuku Nallavan'' |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/58078/cinema/Kollywood/Two-climax-for-Nallavanuku-Nallavan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714055542/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/58078/cinema/Kollywood/Two-climax-for-Nallavanuku-Nallavan.htm |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The climax fight scene was shot at [[Kozhikode|Kallikottai]], Kerala.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=16 December 2007 |title=ரஜினி... க்ளைமாக்ஸ்... ரகசியம்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2007-12-16/kalki2007-12-16.pdf |access-date=2 June 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=8–10 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Themes ==
S. Rajanayagam, author of ''Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth'', notes that Rajinikanth tries through his films to convey the message that he becomes a [[Tamils|Tamilian]] by marital alliance, citing ''Nallavanukku Nallavan'' as an example.{{sfn|Rajanayagam|2015|p=131}} S. P. Muthuraman has stated that the film shows two polarising personalities of Manickam: the first half of the film has "commercial" elements and shows him as a ''dada'' ({{Translation|gang leader}}); the second half shows him as a "rich man".{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=109}} Rajanayagam and film critic [[Naman Ramachandran]] note that the scene where Gangadharan asks Manickam if he has heard about a bus conductor who became a [[superstar]] through hard work, is a reference to Rajinikanth's early life as a bus conductor before he became an actor.{{sfn|Rajanayagam|2015|p=169}}{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=109}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pudhumai Penn and Nallavanukku Nallavan Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/pudhumai-penn-and-nallavanukku-nallavan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217072244/https://mossymart.com/product/pudhumai-penn-and-nallavanukku-nallavan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nallavanukku Nallavan (1984) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Nallavanukku-Nallavan-songs-T0000112 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714050214/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Nallavanukku-Nallavan-songs-T0000112 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=14 July 2019 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Unnaithane" was originally intended for a film to be directed by [[V. C. Guhanathan]], but could not be used there.<ref name="pudhumai" /> After obtaining a [[No Objection Certificate]] from Guhanathan, Saravanan was able to use the song in ''Nallavanukku Nallavan''.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=286–287}} It is set in [[Shivaranjani]], a [[Carnatic raga]],{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=164}} and marked playback singer [[Manjula Gururaj]]'s debut in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=கண்ணன் |first=சுரேஷ் |date=11 May 2023 |title=நல்லவனுக்கு நல்லவன்: 'பாட்ஷா' வுக்கு முன்னோடி; ரௌடி டு நல்லவன் லீட் எடுத்து ஹிட் அடித்த ரஜினி! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/revisiting-the-rajinikanths-mass-entertaining-movie-nallavanuku-nallavan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230512021047/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/revisiting-the-rajinikanths-mass-entertaining-movie-nallavanuku-nallavan |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> "Vechukkava" is set in the raga [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]].{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=165}} It was remixed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] in ''[[Silambattam (film)|Silambattam]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=7 November 2008 |title=Yuvan disappoints |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/07yuvan-disappoints.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418173354/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/07yuvan-disappoints.htm |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=18 April 2019 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chittuku Chella Chittuku
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Kamarasan]]
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length1 = 4:42
| title2 = Unnaithane Thanjam Endru
| lyrics2 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra2 = K. J. Yesudas, [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length2 = 4:12
| title3 = Vechukava
| lyrics3 = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas, [[S. Janaki]]
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = Muthaduthey
| lyrics4 = [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]
| extra4 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], S. Janaki
| length4 = 4:35
| title5 = Namma Mothalali
| lyrics5 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length5 = 4:25
| title6 = Ennai Thane
| lyrics6 = Vairamuthu
| extra6 = K. J. Yesudas
| length6 = 1:13
| total_length = 23:37 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Nallavanukku Nallavan'' was released on 22 October 1984, [[Diwali]] day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2014 |title=ஸ்பெஷல் ரிப்போர்ட் : ரஜினிகாந்த் – டாப் 20 திரைப்படங்கள்.... |trans-title=Special report: Rajinikanth's Top 20 Movies |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/24872/special-report/Rajinikanths-top-20-movies-:-Special-repoet.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418163347/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/24872/special-report/Rajinikanths-top-20-movies-:-Special-repoet.htm |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=18 April 2019 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performances of the actors and Visu's writing.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=18 November 1984 |title=நல்லவனுக்கு நல்லவன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1984-11-18/page/n7/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230222041837/https://archive.org/details/kalki1984-11-18/page/n7/mode/2up |archive-date=22 February 2023 |access-date=9 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=6–7 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Balumani of ''Anna'' praised acting, music, cinematography, dialogues and direction.<ref>{{cite news |last=பாலுமணி |date=11 November 1984 |title=நல்லவனுக்கு நல்லவன் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_24/4.jp2/full/1000,1375/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250626103239/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_24/4.jp2/full/1000,1375/0/default.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2025 |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> On 26 October 1984, ''[[The Hindu]]'' in its review wrote, "Muthuraman has a large hand in embellishing the dramatic elements with deft touches and polished handling".{{sfn|The Hindu|2012|p=71}} Despite facing competition from other Diwali releases such as ''[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]'' and the Tamil-dubbed version of the [[Malayalam]]-language ''[[My Dear Kuttichathan]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=12 November 2018 |title=My Dear Kuttichathan: The Unforgettable Story of India's First 3D Film |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-features/my-dear-kuttichathan-the-unforgettable-story-of-indias-first-3d-film/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125075043/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-features/my-dear-kuttichathan-the-unforgettable-story-of-indias-first-3d-film/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=14 July 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> the film was a major commercial success, running for over 150 days in theatres.<ref name="DinamalarSept2016" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=ரஜினியின் திரை வாழ்க்கையை திருப்பிப் போட்ட கேங்ஸ்டர் திரைப்படங்கள் |url=http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/news/special-news/46223-before-kaala-films-in-which-rajinikanth-played-a-gangster.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714052817/http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/news/special-news/46223-before-kaala-films-in-which-rajinikanth-played-a-gangster.html |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=14 July 2019 |website=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai]] |language=ta}}</ref> According to a 2014 estimate by Sunita Raghu of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', it grossed {{INRConvert|23.8|m|year=1984}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghu |first=Sunita |date=4 May 2014 |title=Setting the Cash Registers Ringing. The Top Ten Grossers So Far |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/may/04/setting-the-cash-registers-ringing.-the-top-ten-grossers-so-far-607866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716143720/http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/may/04/Setting-the-Cash-Registers-Ringing.-The-Top-Ten-Grossers-So-Far-607866.html |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=18 April 2019 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Event
!Category
!Recipient
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|Rajinikanth
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=268}} {{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|pp=109–110}}
|-
|[[Cinema Express Awards]]
|[[Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|Rajinikanth
|-
|Film Fans Association Awards
|Best Actor
|Rajinikanth
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="DinamalarSept2016">{{Cite news |date=4 September 2016 |title=ஹீரோ வாய்ப்புக்காக வில்லனாக நடித்த கார்த்திக் |trans-title=Karthik acted as a villain to get a chance to play a hero |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/50516/cinema/Kollywood/actor-karthic-to-hero-to-villain-in-anegan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714065536/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/50516/cinema/Kollywood/actor-karthic-to-hero-to-villain-in-anegan.htm |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=14 July 2019 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 68">{{Cite news |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=27 July 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 68: அதிக தழும்புகள் பெற்ற கதாநாயகன்! |trans-title=Try making a film 68: The hero with the most wounds! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/215463-68.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915045508/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/215463-68.html |archive-date=15 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>
<ref name="pudhumai">{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=10 July 2005 |title=வரி விளக்கிய வள்ளல்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-07-10/kalki2005-07-10.pdf |access-date=18 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=44–47 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="primevideo">{{Cite web |title=Nallavanukku Nallavan |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Nallavanukku-Nallavan/0IIGKRO319V2W4QWQC7TU5BJ1P |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 July 2019 |website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Rajanayagam |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eVLeCQAAQBAJ&q=editions:j9zUM-AoTGUC |title=Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-138-82203-0}}
* {{Cite book |title=Rajinikanth 12.12.12: A Birthday Special |publisher=[[The Hindu|Kasturi & Sons Ltd]] |year=2012 |editor-last=Ramachandran |editor-first=Naman |editor-link=Naman Ramachandran |ref={{sfnref|The Hindu|2012}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=New Delhi |orig-date=2012}}
* {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |orig-date=2005}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{S. P. Muthuraman}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1980s action drama films]]
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:1984 Indian films]]
[[Category:1984 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films about father–daughter relationships]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. P. Muthuraman]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Visu]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Lao language

2026-03-11T13:13:15Z

CaraVanOtterloo: corrected content to improve readability and added references

{{Short description|Kra–Dai language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Lao
| nativename = {{lang|lo|ພາສາລາວ}}, ''Phasa Lao''
| pronunciation = {{IPA|lo|pʰáː.sǎː láːw|}}
| states = [[Laos]] [[Thailand]] ([[Isan]]) [[Cambodia]] ([[Stung Treng Province|Stung Treng]], [[Preah Vihear Province|Preah Vihear]] and [[Ratanakiri Province|Ratanakiri]]) [[Vietnam]] ([[Điện Biên province|Điện Biên]], [[Lai Châu province|Lai Châu]] and [[Sơn La province|Sơn La]]) [[China]] ([[Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture|Xishuangbanna]])
| speakers = [[first language|L1]]: {{sigfig|3.685170|2}} million
| date = 2015
| ref = e27
| speakers2 = [[second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|803,000|2}} (no date)<ref>{{e27|lao}}</ref>
| speakers_label = Speakers
| ethnicity = [[Lao people|Lao]] [[Isan people|Isan]]
| familycolor = Kradai
| fam2 = [[Tai languages|Tai]]
| fam3 = [[Southwestern Tai languages|Southwestern]]
| fam4 = [[Southwestern Tai languages|Lao–Phutai]]
| script = [[Lao script]] in Laos [[Thai script]] in Thailand [[Thai and Lao Braille]]
| nation = Laos
| agency = Educational Science Research Institute, Ministry of Education and Sports ''and'' Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, [[National University of Laos]]
| iso1 = lo
| iso2 = lao
| lc1 = lao
| ld1 = PDR Lao
| lc2 = tts
| ld2 = [[Isan language|Isan (Thailand Lao)]]
| lingua = 47-AAA-c
| image = File:Lao in Phetsarath OT.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| notice = IPA
| glotto = laoo1244
| glottoname = Lao
| glotto2 = nort2741
| minority = {{ubl|[[Thailand]]|[[Cambodia]]|[[Vietnam]]}}
| glottoname2 = Northeastern Thai
| dia1 = Northern Lao (Louang Phrabang Lao)
| dia2 = Northeastern Lao (Phuan)
| dia3 = Central Lao
| dia4 = Southern Lao
| dia5 = Western Lao (Isan)
| map = Idioma lao.png
}}

{{Contains special characters|Lao}}

[[File:WIKITONGUES- La speaking Lao.webm|thumb|A Lao speaker]]

'''Lao''' ({{lang|lo|ພາສາລາວ}}, {{IPA|lo|pʰáː.sǎː láːw|}}), sometimes referred to as '''Laotian''', is the official language of [[Laos]] and a significant language in the [[Isan]] region of northeastern [[Thailand]], where it is usually referred to as the [[Isan language]]. This stemmed from the political split of the Lao-speaking world at the [[Mekong River]] at the conclusion of the [[Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893]]. Spoken by over 3 million people in Laos and 3.7 million in all countries, it serves as a vital link in the cultural and social fabric of these areas. It is written in the [[Lao script]], an [[abugida]] that evolved from ancient [[Tai languages|Tai]] scripts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aboutworldlanguages.com/lao |title=Lao |publisher=About World Languages |access-date=2016-05-25 |archive-date=2017-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227145536/http://aboutworldlanguages.com/Lao |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lao is a [[Tone (linguistics)|tonal language]], where the pitch or tone of a word can alter its meaning, and is [[Analytic language|analytic]], forming sentences through the combination of individual words without inflection. These features, common in [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai languages]], also bear similarities to [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] languages like [[Chinese language|Chinese]] or [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] languages like [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]. Lao's [[mutual intelligibility]] with [[Thai language|Thai]] and [[Isan language|Isan]], fellow [[Southwestern Tai languages|Southwestern Tai]] languages, allows for effective intercommunication among their speakers, despite differences in script and regional variations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/messeas/node3.html |title=Ausbau and Abstand languages |publisher=Ccat.sas.upenn.edu |date=1995-01-20 |access-date=2012-07-08 |archive-date=2013-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119060222/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/messeas/node3.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In Laos, Lao is not only the official language but also a [[lingua franca]], bridging the linguistic diversity of a population that speaks many other languages. Its cultural significance is reflected in Laotian literature, media, and traditional arts. The [[Vientiane]] dialect has emerged as the de facto standard, though no official standard has been established. Internationally, Lao is spoken among [[Laotian diaspora|diaspora communities]], especially in countries like the United States, France, and Australia, reflecting its global diasporic presence.

==Classification==
{{Further|Tai–Kadai languages}}

{{tree list}}
* [[Kra-Dai languages|Kra-Dai]]
** [[Hlai languages]]
** [[Kam-Sui languages]]
** [[Kra languages]]
** [[Be language]]
** [[Tai languages]]
*** [[Northern Tai languages]]
*** [[Central Tai languages]]
*** [[Southwestern Tai languages]]
**** Northwestern Tai languages
***** [[Khamti language]]
***** [[Tai Lue language]]
***** [[Shan language]]
***** others
**** Chiang Saen languages
***** [[Northern Thai language]]
***** Sukhothai language
****** [[Thai language]]
****** [[Southern Thai language]]
**** Lao-Phuthai languages
***** [[Tai Yo language]]
***** [[Phu Thai language|Phuthai language]]
***** '''Lao language''' ('''PDR Lao''', [[Isan language]])
{{tree list/end}}

The Lao language falls within the Lao-Phuthai group of languages, including its closest relatives, [[Phu Thai language|Phuthai]] (BGN/PCGN ''Phouthai'', RTGS ''Phu Thai'') and [[Tai Yo language|Tai Yo]]. Together with Northwestern Tai—which includes [[Shan language|Shan]], [[Ahom language|Ahom]] and most [[Dai people|Dai]] languages of China, the Chiang Saen languages—which include Standard Thai, Khorat Thai, and [[Northern Thai language|Tai Lanna]]—and Southern Tai form the [[Southwestern Tai languages|Southwestern]] branch of Tai languages. Lao (including Isan) and Thai, although they occupy separate groups, are mutually intelligible and were pushed closer through contact and Khmer influence, but all Southwestern Tai languages are mutually intelligible to some degree. The Tai languages also include the languages of the [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]], which are split into the [[Northern Tai languages|Northern]] and [[Central Tai languages|Central]] branches of the Tai languages. The Tai languages form a major division within the [[Kra-Dai languages|Kra-Dai language family]], distantly related to other languages of southern China, such as the [[Hlai language|Hlai]] and [[Be language|Be]] languages of [[Hainan]] and the [[Kra languages|Kra]] and [[Kam-Sui]] languages on the Chinese Mainland and in neighbouring regions of northern Vietnam.<ref name="ethny"/>

==History==
{{Further|Tai languages|Tai peoples}}

=== Tai migration (8th–12th century) ===
[[File:Tai Migration.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Map showing the general migration patterns and diversification of the Tai peoples and languages from the original Tai ''[[Urheimat]]'' of southeastern China]]
The ancestors of the Lao people were speakers of Southwestern Tai dialects that migrated from what is now southeastern China, specifically what is now [[Guangxi]] and northern [[Vietnam]] where the diversity of various Tai languages suggests an ''[[linguistic homeland|Urheimat]]''. The Southwestern Tai languages began to diverge from the Northern and Central branches of the Tai languages, covered mainly by various [[Zhuang languages]], sometime around 112 CE, but likely completed by the [[sixth century]].<ref name="migration">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00033.x |title=The Languages of Vietnam: Mosaics and Expansions |year=2007 |last1=Edmondson |first1=Jerold A. |last2=Gregerson |first2=Kenneth J. |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=727–749 }}</ref> Due to the influx of [[Han Chinese]] soldiers and settlers, the end of the [[Third Chinese domination of Vietnam|Chinese occupation]] of Vietnam, the fall of [[Jiaozhi]] and turbulence associated with the decline and fall of the [[Tang dynasty]] led some of the Tai peoples speaking Southwestern Tai to flee into Southeast Asia, with the small-scale migration mainly taking place between the [[eighth century|eighth]] and [[twelfth century|twelfth]] centuries. The Tais split and followed the major river courses, with the ancestral Lao originating in the Tai migrants that followed the [[Mekong River]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pittayaporn |first1=Pittayawat |title=Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Protosouthwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai |journal=Manusya: Journal of Humanities |date=1 January 2014 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=47–68 |doi=10.1163/26659077-01703004 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Divergence and convergence===
As the Southwestern Tai-speaking peoples diverged, following paths down waterways, their dialects began to diverge into the various languages today, such as the Lao-Phuthai languages that developed along the Mekong River and includes Lao and its Isan sub-variety and the Chiang Saen languages which includes the Central Thai dialect that is the basis of Standard Thai. Despite their close relationship, there were several phonological divergences that drifted the languages apart with time such as the following examples:<ref name="Pittay">{{cite journal |last1=Pittayaporn |first1=Pittayawat |title=Proto-Southwestern-Tai revised: A new reconstruction |journal=Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society |volume=2 |issue= |date=2009 |pages=119–143 |url=http://jseals.org/JSEALS-2.pdf#page=125 |hdl=1885/113003 }}</ref><ref name="PWST1">{{cite journal |last1=Greenhill |first1=Simon J. |last2=Blust |first2=Robert |last3=Gray |first3=Russell D. |title=The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics |journal=Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online |date=3 November 2008 |volume=4 |pages=271–283 |id={{ProQuest|1038141425}} |doi=10.4137/ebo.s893 |pmid=19204825 |pmc=2614200 }}</ref><ref name="PWST2">Jonsson, Nanna L. (1991) Proto Southwestern Tai. Ph.D dissertation, available from UMI.</ref>

; PSWT *''ml'' > Lao /m/, > Thai /l/
{{fs interlinear|indent=3
| {} {} {{lang|lo|ມື່ນ}} {} {{lang|th|ลื่น}}
| {} {} muen {} luen
| *mlɯn <math>\rightarrow</math> /mɯ̄ːn/ <math>\rightarrow</math> /lɯ̂ːn/
| 'slippery' {} {} {} {}
|}}
; PSWT *''r'' (initial) > Lao /h/, > Thai /r/
{{fs interlinear|indent=3
| {} {} {{lang|lo|ຮາກ}} {} {{lang|th|ราก}}
| {} {} hak {} rak
| *raːk <math>\rightarrow</math> /hâːk/ <math>\rightarrow</math> /râːk/
| {'to vomit'} {} {} {} {}
|}}
; PSWT *''ɲ'' > Lao /ɲ/, > Thai /j/
{{fs interlinear|indent=3
| {} {} {{lang|lo|ຍູງ}} {} {{lang|th|ยุง}}
| {} {} nyung {} yung
| *ɲuŋ <math>\rightarrow</math> /ɲúːŋ/ <math>\rightarrow</math> /jūŋ/
| 'mosquito' {} {} {} {}
|}}

Similar influences and proximity allowed for both languages to converge in many aspects as well. Thai and Lao, although separated, passively influenced each other through centuries of proximity. For instance, the Proto-Southwestern Tai *''mlɛːŋ'' has produced the expected Lao /m/ outcome ''maeng'' ({{lang|lo|ແມງ}} ''mèng'', {{IPA|/mɛ́ːŋ/}}) and the expected Thai /l/ outcome ''laeng'' ({{lang|th|แลง}} {{IPA|/lɛ̄ːŋ/}}), although this is used only in Royal Thai or restricted academic usage, with the common form ''malaeng'' ({{lang|th|แมลง}} {{IPA|/máʔ.lɛ̄ːŋ/}}), actually an archaic variant. In slang and relaxed speech, Thai also has ''maeng'' ({{lang|th|แมง}} {{IPA|/mɛ̄ːŋ/}}), likely due to influence of Lao.<ref name="Pittay"/>

Thai and Lao also share similar sources of loan words. Aside from many of the deeply embedded Sinitic loan words adopted at various points in the evolution of Southwestern Tai at the periphery of Chinese influence, the Tais in Southeast Asia encountered the Khmer. Khmer loan words dominate all areas and registers of both languages and many are shared between them. Khmer loan words include body parts, urban living, tools, administration and local plants. The Thai, and likely the Lao, were able to make Khmer-style coinages that were later exported back to Khmer.<ref name="Huffy">{{cite journal |last1=Huffman |first1=Franklin E. |title=Thai and Cambodian – A Case of Syntactic Borrowing? |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=1973 |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=488–509 |doi=10.2307/600168 |jstor=600168 }}</ref> The heavy imprint of Khmer is shown in the genetics of Tai speakers, with samples from Thai and Isan people of Lao descent showing proof of both the Tai migration but also intermarriage and assimilation of local populations. Scholars such as Khanittanan propose that the deep genetic and linguistic impact of the autochthonous Khmer and their language indicates that the earliest days of [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] had a largely bilingual population.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khanittanan |first1=W. |year=2001 |title=Khmero-Thai: The great change in the history of Thai |journal=ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์ |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=35–50 }}</ref> Although evidence and research in Lao is lacking, major Lao cities were known to have been built atop existing Khmer settlements, suggesting assimilation of the locals. Isan and Lao commonly use a Khmer loan not found in Thai, ''khanong'' ({{lang|lo|ຂະໜົງ/ຂນົງ}} ''khanông'', {{IPA|/kʰáʔ.nŏŋ/}}), 'doorframe', from Khmer ''khnâng'' ({{lang|km|ខ្នង}}, {{IPA|/knɑːŋ/}}), which means 'building', 'foundation' or 'dorsal ridge'.<ref name="Huffy"/><ref>Gunn, G. C. (2004). 'Laotinization' in ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor''. Ooi, K. G. (ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc.</ref>

Indic languages also pushed Thai and Lao closer together, particularly Sanskrit and Pali loan words that they share. Many Sanskrit words were adopted via the Khmer language, particularly concerning Indian concepts of astrology, astronomy, ritual, science, kingship, art, music, dance and mythology. New words were historically coined from Sanskrit roots just as European languages, including English, share Greek and Latin roots used for these purposes, such as 'telephone' from Greek roots {{lang|el|τῆλε}} ''tēle'', 'distant' and {{lang|el|φωνή}} ''phōnē'' which was introduced in Thai as ''thorasap'' ({{lang|th|โทรศัพท์}}, {{IPA|/tʰōː.ráʔ.sàp/}}) and spread to Isan as ''thorasap'' ({{lang|lo|ໂທຣະສັບ/ໂທລະສັບ}} ''thôrasap'', {{IPA|/tʰóː.làʔ.sáp/}}) from Sanskrit ''dura'' ({{lang|sa|दूर}}, {{IPA|/d̪ura/}}), 'distant', and ''śabda'' ({{lang|sa|शब्द}}, {{IPA|/ʃabd̪a/}}), 'sound'. Indic influences also came via [[Pali]], the [[liturgical language]] of [[Theravada Buddhism]].

The effects of Khmer and Indic vocabulary did not affect all the Tai languages of Southeast Asia equally. The [[Tai Dam people|Tai Dam]] of northern Vietnam were shielded from the influence of the Khmer language and the Indic cultural influences that came with them and remain traditionally a non-Buddhist people. Although the Tai Dam language is a Chiang Saen language, albeit with a lexicon and [[phonology]] closer to Lao, the lack of Khmer, Sanskrit and Pali loan words makes the language unintelligible to Thai and Lao speakers.<ref name="Diller">Diller, A. V. N., Edmondson, J. A. & Luo, Y. (2004) ''Tai-Kadai languages.'' (pp. 49–56). New York, NYC: Routledge.</ref>

=== Lan Xang (1354–1707) ===
[[File:Pha_Tat_Phanom_Nakhon_Phanom.JPG|thumb|right|[[Wat Phra That Phanom]] in Nakhon Phanom. Built in the 16th century over earlier Khmer ruins when Isan was part of Lan Xang, the temple is an important place of pilgrimage, attracting Lao from Laos as well as Isan to its temple festivals.]]
Taking advantage of rapid decline in the Khmer Empire, Phra Chao [[Fa Ngum|Fa Ngoum]] ({{lang|lo|ຟ້າງູ່ມ}} {{IPA|/fâː ŋūːm/}}) defeated the Khmer and united the Tai ''mueang'' of what is now Laos and Isan into the [[mandala (Southeast Asian political model)|mandala kingdom]] of [[Lan Xang]] in 1354. Fa Ngoum was a grandson of the ruler of [[Muang Sua|Muang Xoua]] (RTGS ''Mueang Sawa''), modern-day Louang Phrabang. Lan Xang was powerful enough to thwart Siamese designs from their base at [[Sukhothai Kingdom|Sukhothai]] and later [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]].<ref>Stuart-Fox, M. (1998). ''The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang: Rise and Decline''. (pp. 40–60). Banglamung, Thailand: White Lotus Press.</ref>

Khmer, and Sanskrit via Khmer, continued to influence the Lao language. Since Fa Ngoum was raised in the Khmer court, married to a Khmer princess and had numerous Khmer officials in his court, a now-extinct speech register known as ''rasa sap'' ({{lang|lo|ຣາຊາສັບ}} {{IPA|/láː.sáː sáp/}}) was developed to address or discuss the king and high-ranking clergy. Khmer and Sanskrit also contributed many belles-lettres as well as numerous technical, academic and cultural vocabulary, thus differentiating the Lao language from the tribal Tai peoples, but pushing the language closer to Thai, which underwent a similar process. The end of the Lao monarchy in 1975 made the Lao ''raxasap'' obsolete, but as Thailand retains its monarchy, Thai ''[[rachasap]]'' is still active.<ref name="Diller"/>

The 16th century would see the establishment of many of the hallmarks of the contemporary Lao language. Scribes abandoned the use of written Khmer or Lao written in the Khmer alphabet, adopting a simplified, cursive form of the script known as ''[[Tai Noi script|Tai Noi]]'' that with a few modifications survives as the [[Lao script]].<ref name="Toad">Phra Ariyuwat. (1996). ''Phya Khankhaak, the Toad King: A Translation of an Isan Fertility Myth in Verse.'' Wajuppa Tossa (translator). (pp. 27–34). Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.</ref> Lao literature was also given a major boost with the brief union of Lan Xang with Lan Na during the reign of [[Setthathirath|Xay Xétthathirat]] ({{lang|lo|ໄຊເສດຖາທິຣາດ}} {{IPA|/sáj sȅːt.tʰăː.tʰīʔ.lȃːt/}}) (1546–1551). The libraries of [[Chiang Mai]] were copied, introducing the ''[[Tai Tham script|tua tham]]'' (BGN/PCGN ''toua tham'', RTGS ''tua tham'') or 'dharma letters' which was essentially the [[Mon script|Mon]]-influenced script of Lan Na but was used in Lao specifically for religious literature.<ref name="Toad"/> The influence of the related Tai Lan Na language was strengthened after the capitulation of Lan Na to the Burmese, leading many courtiers and people to flee to safety to Lan Xang.

==== Theravada Buddhism ====
Lan Xang was religiously diverse, with most of the people practicing [[Tai folk religion]] albeit somewhat influenced by local Austroasiatic [[animism]], as well as the [[historical Vedic religion|Brahmanism]] and [[Mahayana Buddhism]] introduced via the Khmer and Theravada Buddhism which had been adopted and spread by the [[Mon people]]. Although Lao belief is that the era of Lan Xang began the period of Theravada Buddhism for the Lao people, it was not until the mid-[[sixteenth century]] that the religion had become the dominant religion.<ref>Holt, J. C. (2009). ''Spirits of the Place: Buddhism and Lao Religious Culture''. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai{{okina}}i Press. p. 14.</ref>

With Theravada Buddhism came its liturgical language, Pali, an Indic language derived from the [[Prakrit]]. Many Pali terms existed alongside earlier Sanskrit borrowings or were Sanskritized, leading to doublets such as Sanskrit ''maitri'' ({{lang|lo|ໄມຕີ/ໄມຕຣີ}} {{IPA|/máj.tìː/}}) and Pali ''metta'' ({{lang|lo|ເມດຕາ/ເມຕຕາ}} {{IPA|/mȇːt.tàː/}}), both of which signify 'loving kindness' although the Sanskrit term is more generally used for 'friendship'. The spread of Theravada Buddhism spread literacy, as monks served as teachers, teaching reading and writing as well other basic skills to village boys, and the [[Tai Noi script]] was used for personal letters, record-keeping, and signage, as well as to record short stories and the ''[[klon (poetry)|klon]]'' ({{lang|lo|ກອນ}} {{IPA|/kɔ̀ːn/}}) poetry that were often incorporated into traditional folksongs.<ref name="Toad"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Shared Pali loan words from Theravada Buddhism
! Pali
! Isan
! Thai
! Lao
! Gloss
|-
| {{lang|pi|पुञ्ञ}} {{transliteration|pi|puñña}} {{IPA|/puɲɲa/}}
| {{lang|tts|บุญ}} {{transliteration|tts|bun}} {{IPA|[būn]}}
| {{lang|th|บุญ}} {{transliteration|th|bun}} {{IPA|[būn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ບຸນ}} {{transliteration|lo|bun}} {{IPA|[bùn]}}
| 'merit' 'virtue'
|-
| {{lang|pi|दुक्ख}} {{transliteration|pi|dukkha}} {{IPA|/d̪ukkʰa/}}
| {{lang|tts|ทุกข์}} {{transliteration|tts|thuk}} {{IPA|[tʰùk]}}
| {{lang|th|ทุกข์}} {{transliteration|th|thuk}} {{IPA|[tʰúk]}}
| {{lang|lo|ທຸກ}} {{transliteration|lo|thuk}} {{IPA|[tʰūk]}}
| 'suffering' 'misery'
|-
| {{lang|pi|पापकम्म}} {{transliteration|pi|pāpakamma}} {{IPA|/paːpakamma/}}
| {{lang|tts|บาปกรรม}} {{transliteration|tts|bap kam}} {{IPA|[bàːp kām]}}
| {{lang|th|บาปกรรม}} {{transliteration|th|bap kam}} {{IPA|[bàːp kām]}}
| {{lang|lo|ບາບກຳ/ບາບກັມ}} {{transliteration|lo|bap kam}} {{IPA|[bȁːp kàm]}}
| 'sin' 'transgression'
|-
| {{lang|pi|अनुमोदना}} {{transliteration|pi|anumōdanā}} {{IPA|/ʔanumoːd̪anaː/}}
| {{lang|tts|อนุโมทนา}} {{transliteration|tts|anumo thana}} {{IPA|[ʔā.nù(ʔ).môː tʰā.nâː]}}
| {{lang|th|อนุโมทนา}} {{transliteration|th|anumo thana}} {{IPA|[ʔā.nú(ʔ).mōː tʰā.nāː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ອະນຸໂມທະນາ}} {{transliteration|lo|anoumo thana}} {{IPA|[ʔā.nū(ʔ).móː tʰā.náː]}}
| 'to share rejoicing'
|-
| {{lang|pi|सुख}} {{transliteration|pi|sukha}} {{IPA|/sukʰa/}}
| {{lang|tts|สุข}} {{transliteration|tts|suk}} {{IPA|[sȕk]}}
| {{lang|th|สุข}} {{transliteration|th|suk}} {{IPA|[sùk]}}
| {{lang|lo|ສຸກ}} {{transliteration|lo|suk}} {{IPA|[súk]}}
| 'health' 'happiness'
|-
| {{lang|pi|विज्जा}} {{transliteration|pi|vijja}} {{IPA|/ʋiɟdʒaː/}}
| {{lang|tts|วิชชา}} {{transliteration|tts|witcha}} {{IPA|[wìt.sâː] [wì(ʔ).sâː]}}
| {{lang|th|วิชชา}} {{transliteration|th|witcha}} {{IPA|[wít.tɕʰāː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ວິຊາ}} {{transliteration|lo|wisa}} {{IPA|[wī(ʔ).sáː]}}
| 'knowledge' 'wisdom'
|-
| {{lang|pi|च‍क्कयुग}} {{transliteration|pi|cakkayuga}} {{IPA|/tʃakkajuga/}}
| {{lang|tts|จักรยาน}} {{transliteration|tts|chakkrayan}} {{IPA|[tɕǎk.kā.ɲâːn]}}
| {{lang|th|จักรยาน}} {{transliteration|th|chakkrayan}} {{IPA|[tɕàk.krā.jāːn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຈັກກະຍານ}} {{transliteration|lo|chakkanyan}} {{IPA|[tɕák.kā.ɲáːn]}}
| 'bicycle'
|-
| {{lang|pi|धम्म}} {{transliteration|pi|ḍhamma}} {{IPA|/ɖʱamma/}}
| {{lang|tts|ธรรม}} {{transliteration|tts|tham}} {{IPA|[tʰâm]}}
| {{lang|th|ธรรม}} {{transliteration|th|tham}} {{IPA|[tʰām]}}
| {{lang|lo|ທຳ/ທັມ}} {{transliteration|lo|tham}} {{IPA|[tʰám]}}
| 'dharma' 'morals'
|}

=== Lao Three Kingdoms period (1713–1893) ===
[[File:Wat Photaram mural detail - Vedsuvan has brought Koumphan back to life, but Koumphan still yearns for Soumountha.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Temple mural of [[Wat Photharam, Maha Sarakham|Wat Photaram]] in [[Maha Sarakham Province]]. Dating to the reign of Siamese Ruler Rama III (1788–1851), the writing is in the [[Tai Tham script]], formerly used as a liturgical script in Lao.]]

Despite the long presence of Lan Xang and Lao settlements along the riverbanks, the [[Khorat Plateau]] remained depopulated since the [[Post-Angkor Period]] and a long series of droughts during the 13th–15th centuries. The Lao settlements were found only along the banks of the Mekong River and in the wetter northern areas such as [[Nong Bua Lamphu Province|Nong Bua Lamphu]], [[Loei Province|Loei]], [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]], with most of the population inhabiting the wetter left banks. This began to change when the golden age of Lao prosperity and cultural achievements under King [[Sourigna Vongsa|Sourignavôngsa]] ({{lang|lo|ສຸຣິຍະວົງສາ}} {{IPA|/súʔ.līʔ.ɲāʔ wóŋ.sǎː/}}) (1637–1694) ended with a successional dispute, with his grandsons, with Siamese intervention, carving out their separate kingdoms in 1707. From its ashes arose the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Luang Phrabang|Louang Phrabang]], [[Kingdom of Vientiane|Vientiane]] and later in 1713, the [[Kingdom of Champasak|Champasak]]. The arid hinterlands, deforested and depopulated after a series of droughts, likely led to the collapse of the Khmer Empire, was only occupied by small groups of Austroasiatic peoples and scattered outposts of Lao ''mueang'' in the far north. In 1718, Mueang Suwannaphum ({{lang|lo|ສຸວັນນະພູມ}} ''Muang Souvannaphoum'', {{IPA|/súʔ.wán.nāʔ.pʰúːm/}}) in 1718 in what is now [[Roi Et Province]], was founded as an outpost of Champasak, establishing the first major Lao presence and the beginning of the expansion of Lao settlement along the [[Chi River|Si]] ({{lang|lo|ຊີ}} {{IPA|/síː/}}) and [[Mun River|Mun]] ({{lang|lo|ມູນ}}) rivers.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

The bulk of the Lao, however, settled after 1778 when King [[Taksin]], Siamese king during the [[Thonburi Kingdom|Thonburi Period]] (1767–1782) conquered Champasak and Vientiane and raided [[Muang Phuan|Phuan areas]] for slaves, seizing the [[Emerald Buddha]] and [[Phra Bang]] (although the latter was eventually returned) and forcing some of the Lao across the river to settle in Isan. Louang Phrabang was spared most of the destruction by submitting to Siamese overlordship.<ref>Burusphat, S., Deepadung, S., & Suraratdecha, S. ''et al''. (2011). [https://www.laostudies.org/system/files/subscription/JLS-v2-i2-Nov2011-somsonge.pdf "Language vitality and the ethnic tourism development of the Lao ethnic groups in the western region of Thailand"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222318/https://www.laostudies.org/system/files/subscription/JLS-v2-i2-Nov2011-somsonge.pdf |date=2013-12-02 }}. ''Journal of Lao Studies'', 2(2), 23–46.</ref> Although the kingdoms remained nominally autonomous, the Siamese demanded tribute and taxes, kept members of the respective royal houses as hostages to ensure loyalty and required the three Lao kings to come to the capital several times a year to hold an audience with the Siamese king. When the kingdoms revolted, the Siamese armies retaliated by rounding up entire villages, tattooing them to mark them as slaves and forced to settle what is now Isan, forced to serve as soldiers or manpower in [[corvée]] projects to build roads, to grow food, build canals, or serve as domestics. The greatest population transfer occurred after the [[Laotian Rebellion]] by Chao [[Anouvong|Anouvông]] ({{lang|lo|ອານຸວົງ/ອານຸວົງສ໌}}, {{IPA|/ʔàː.nùʔ.wóŋ/}}) in 1828 which led to the death of Anouvông and most of his family. The Siamese abducted nearly the entire population of Vientiane and its surrounding area and forced them to the right bank. Continued raids of people continued until the end of the nineteenth century.<ref>Stuart-Fox, M. (1997). ''A History of Laos''. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 1–20).</ref>

In addition to forced transfers, many Lao were encouraged to settle in Isan, with some disillusioned princes granted lofty titles in exchange for loyalty and taxation, robbing the Lao kings of taxation and wealth as well as what little nominal authority they had left. This greatly expanded the Lao population of Isan and caused assimilation of the local peoples into the mix, a process that is occurring on a smaller scale even now. Siamese intervention paradoxically strengthened the Lao character of the region as the Siamese left the Lao areas alone as long as they continued to produce rice and continued to pay tribute. Direct Siamese rule did not extend past [[Nakhon Ratchasima]], and the Lao ''mueang'', whether paying their tribute directly to Bangkok or the remaining Lao kings and princes, were still nominally part of the separate kingdoms. Temples built in what is now Isan still featured the Tai Noi script on its murals and although Siam would intervene in some matters, daily administration was still left to the remaining kings and various Lao princes that served as governors of the larger ''mueang''. The result of the population movements re-centered the Lao world to the right bank, as today, if Isan and Lao speakers are counted together, Isan speakers form 80 percent of the Lao-speaking population.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

===French Laos (1893–1953)===
{{Main|French protectorate of Laos}}

During French rule, missing words for new technologies and political realities were borrowed from French or Vietnamese, repurposed from old Lao vocabulary as well as coined from Sanskrit. These Sanskrit-derived neologisms were generally the same, although not always, as those that developed in Thai.<ref name="Vacha">Keyes, Charles (2013), Finding Their Voice: Northeastern Villagers and the Thai State, Silkworm Books.</ref><ref name="Platt">Platt, M. B. (2013). ''Isan Writers, Thai Literature Writing and Regionalism in Modern Thailand.'' (pp. 145–149). Singapore: NUS Press.</ref>

Whilst previously written in a mixture of etymological and phonetical spellings, depending on audience or author, Lao underwent several reforms that moved the language towards a purely phonetical spelling. During the restoration of the king of Louang Phabang as King of Laos under the last years of French rule in Laos, the government standardized the spelling of the Lao language, with movement towards a phonetical spelling with preservation of a semi-etymological spelling for Pali, Sanskrit and French loan words and the addition of archaic letters for words of Pali and Sanskrit origin concerning Indic culture and Buddhism.

===Independence and Communist rule (1953–present)===
{{Main|History of Laos since 1945}}

Spelling reforms under the communist rule of Laos in 1975 were more radical, with the complete abolition of semi-etymological spelling in favor of phonetical spelling, with the removal of silent letters, removal of special letters for Indic loan words, all vowels being written out explicitly and even the elimination or replacement of the letter '<big>ຣ</big>' {{IPA|/r/}} (but usually pronounced /l/) in official publications, although older people and many in the Lao diaspora continue to use some of the older spelling conventions.<ref>Ivarson, S. (2008). ''Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 1860–1945.'' (pp. 127–135, 190–197) Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.</ref>

==Dialects==
The standard written Lao based on the speech of Vientiane has leveled many lexical differences between dialects found in Laos, and although spoken regional variations remain strong, speakers will adjust to it in formal situations and in dealings with outsiders.<ref>Compton, C. J. (2009) ''Contemporary Lao Studies: Research on Development, Language and Culture, and Traditional Medicine''. Compton, C. J., Hartmann, J. F. Sysamouth, V. (eds.). (pp. 160–188). San Francisco, CA: Center for Lao Cultural Studies.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Lao Dialects
||'''Dialect'''||'''Lao Provinces'''||'''Thai Provinces'''
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| Vientiane Lao
| [[Vientiane]], [[Vientiane Prefecture]], [[Bolikhamsai Province|Bolikhamxay]] and southern [[Xaisomboun Province|Xaisômboun]]
| [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]], [[Nong Bua Lamphu Province|Nong Bua Lamphu]], [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]], [[Udon Thani Province|Udon Thani]], portions of [[Yasothorn Province|Yasothon]], [[Bueng Kan Province|Bueng Kan]], [[Loei Province|Loei]] and [[Khon Kaen Province|Khon Kaen]] (Khon Chaen)
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| Northern Lao Louang Phrabang Lao
| [[Luang Prabang Province|Louang Phrabang]], [[Sainyabuli Province|Xaignbouli]], [[Oudomxay Province|Oudômxay]], [[Phongsaly Province|Phôngsali]], [[Bokeo Province|Bokèo]], and [[Luang Namtha Province|Louang Namtha]], portions of [[Houaphanh Province|Houaphan]]
| [[Loei Province|Loei]], portions of [[Udon Thani Province|Udon Thani]], [[Khon Kaen]](Khon Chaen), also [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]], [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] (Phetsabun) and [[Uttaradit Province|Uttaradit]] (outside Isan)
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| Northeastern Lao Phuan (Phouan) Lao
| [[Xiangkhouang Province|Xiangkhouang]], portions of [[Houaphanh Province|Houaphan]] and [[Xaisomboun Province|Xaisômboun]]
| Scattered in isolated villages of [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]], [[Sakon Nakhon Province|Sakon Nakhon]], [[Udon Thani Province|Udon Thani]], [[Bueng Kan Province|Bueng Kan]], [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]] and [[Loei Province|Loei]]{{efn|Northeastern Lao is sometimes considered a separate language, as it is traditionally spoken by Phuan tribal members, a closely related but distinct [[Tai peoples|Tai]] group. Also spoken in a few small and scattered Tai Phuan villages in [[Sukhothai Province|Sukhothai]], [[Uttaradit Province|Uttaradit]], and [[Phrae Province|Phrae]].}}
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|Central Lao ({{lang|lo|ລາວກາງ}})
| [[Khammouane Province|Khammouan]] and portions of [[Bolikhamsai Province|Bolikhamxay]] and [[Savannakhet Province|Savannakhét]]
| [[Mukdahan Province|Mukdahan]], [[Sakon Nakhon Province|Sakon Nakhon]], [[Nakhon Phanom Province|Nakhon Phanom]], [[Mukdahan Province|Mukdahan]]; portions of [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]] and [[Bueng Kan Province|Bueng Kan]]
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| Southern Lao
|[[Champasak Province|Champasak]], [[Salavan Province|Saravan]], [[Sekong Province|Xékong]], [[Attapeu Province|Attapeu]], portions of [[Savannakhet Province|Savannakhét]]
| [[Ubon Ratchathani Province|Ubon Ratchathani]] (Ubon Ratsathani), [[Amnat Charoen Province|Amnat Charoen]], portions of [[Si Sa Ket Province|Si Sa Ket]], [[Surin Province|Surin]], [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] (Nakhon Ratsasima), and [[Yasothorn Province|Yasothon]]{{efn|Southern Lao gives way to [[Northern Khmer dialect|Northern Khmer]] in Sisaket, Surin, and Buriram, and to [[Khorat Thai]] and, to some extent, Northern Khmer in Nakhon Ratchasima.}}
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
| Western Lao (Standard Isan)
| * Not found in Laos
| [[Kalasin Province|Kalasin]], [[Roi Et Province|Roi Et]] (Hoi Et), [[Maha Sarakham Province|Maha Sarakham]], portions of [[Khon Kaen]] (Khon Chaen), [[Chaiyaphum]] (Sainyaphum), and [[Nakhon Ratchasima]] (Nakhon Ratsasima)
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
|}

===Vientiane Lao dialect===
In Laos, the written language has been mainly based on Vientiane Lao for centuries after the capital of Lan Xang was moved in 1560. The speech of the old élite families was cultivated into Standard Lao as emulated by television and radio broadcasts from the capital as well as taught to foreign students of Lao. The speech of the Isan city of Nong Khai, which sits on the opposite bank of the Mekong, is almost indistinguishable in tone and accent from the speech of Vientiane. Vientiane Lao predominates in Vientiane City, the surrounding [[Vientiane Province]] and portions of [[Bolikhamxai Province|Bolikhamxai]] and some areas of [[Xaisomboun Province|Xaisômboun]].

In Isan, Vientiane Lao is the primary form of Isan spoken in the northern third of the region which was long settled since the days of Lan Xang and was ruled as part of the Kingdom of Vientiane, including most of [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]], [[Nong Bua Lamphu Province|Nong Bua Lamphu]], eastern [[Loei Province|Loei]] and portions of [[Chaiyaphum Province|Saiyaphum]] and [[Bueng Kan Province|Bueng Kan]]. As a result of the Lao rebellion of 1826 the ''Tai Wiang'' ({{lang|lo|ໄທວຽງ}}), {{IPA|/tʰáj wíaŋ/}}), 'Vientiane people' of the city and surrounding parts of the kingdom, were rounded up by Siamese armies and forced to the right bank, greatly boosting the Lao population of what is now Isan. The Tai Wiang strengthened numbers in the northern third, where Vientiane Lao was traditionally spoken, but were scattered across the Isan region overall, with heavier concentrations in [[Yasothorn Province|Yasothon]], [[Khon Kaen Province|Khon Kaen]], and [[Roi Et Province|Hoi Et]] provinces. This likely had a leveling effect on the Lao language as spoken in Isan, as most Isan speakers regardless of speech variety are prone to using /ʋ/ as opposed to /w/ and the informal conversion of syllable-initial /k/ to /tɕ/ in relaxed, informal speech, which in Laos, is particularly characteristic of Vientiane speech. For example, the word ''kaem'' ({{lang|lo|ແກ້ມ}} ''kèm'', {{IPA|/kɛ̂ːm/}}), 'cheek', is often pronounced *''chaem'' (*{{lang|lo|ແຈ້ມ}} ''chèm'', *{{IPA|/tɕɛ̂ːm/}}).

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Vientiane Dialect Six-Tone Distribution<ref>Hartmann, J. (2002). [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/LaoLanguage/LaoTones/Vientianetones.htm Vientiane Tones.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811163156/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/LaoLanguage/LaoTones/Vientianetones.htm |date=2020-08-11 }} Center for Southeast Asian Studies. DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois. Based on Crisfield-Hartmann 2002/Enfield 2000, Brown 1965, and Chittavoravong (1980) (unpublished).</ref>
! style="font-weight:bold; background-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Tone Class
! style="font-weight:bold; background-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Inherent Tone
! style="font-weight:bold; background-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Mai ek ({{lang|lo|◌່}})
! style="font-weight:bold; background-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Mai tho ({{lang|lo|◌້}})
! style="font-weight:bold; background-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Long Vowel
! style="font-weight:bold; background-color:rgb(238, 238, 238); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Short Vowel
|-
! High
| style="background-color:#c1a2e1;" | Low-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling (glottalized)
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising
|-
! Middle
| style="background-color:#c1a2e1;" | Low-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling (glottalized)
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising
|-
! Low
| style="background-color:#7432b9;" | High-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle (high)
|}

===Northern Lao (Louang Phrabang) dialect===
Northern Lao is a very distinct dialect, exhibiting several features and lexical differences quite apart from other Lao dialects except Northeastern Lao (Phuan). Even though it borders the Vientiane Lao dialect region, there is a sharp boundary that divides them. The dialect shares many similarities with [[Northern Thai language|Tai Lanna]] and is classified accordingly as a Chiang Saen language by Ethnologue.<ref name="ethny">Paul, L. M., Simons, G. F. and Fennig, C. D. (eds.). 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved from http://www.ethnologue.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/ |date=2007-12-27 }}</ref> The dialect is not common in Isan, restricted to western portions of [[Loei Province|Loei]] and pockets of villages spread throughout [[Udon Thani Province|Udon Thani]] provinces. The Isan people of [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]] and [[Uttaradit Province|Uttaradit]] provinces, particularly the narrow strip hugging the shore of the Mekong and bordering Loei, outside of Isan are generally speakers of Northern Lao. In Laos, it is the primary dialect spoken in [[Luang Prabang Province|Louang Phrabang]] and [[Sainyabuli Province|Xaignabouli]] provinces. In the other northern Laotian provinces of [[Oudomxai Province|Oudômxai]], [[Houaphanh Province|Houaphan]], [[Luang Namtha Province|Louang Namtha]] and [[Phongsaly Province|Phôngsali]], native Lao speakers are a small minority in the major market towns but Northern Lao, highly influenced by the local languages, is spoken as the ''lingua franca'' across ethnic groups of the area.<ref name="dialectal">เรืองเดช ปันเขื่อนขัติย์. ภาษาถิ่นตระกูลไทย. กทม. สถาบันวิจัยภาษาและวัฒนธรรมเพื่อการพัฒนาชนบทมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. 2531.</ref>

Northern Lao, specifically the speech of the city of [[Luang Prabang|Louang Phrabang]] was originally the prestigious variety of the language with the city serving as the capital of Lan Xang for the first half of its existence, with the kings of the city made kings of all of Laos by the French. Although the language lost its prestige to Vientiane Lao, Northern Lao is important for its history, as many of the earliest Lao literary works were composed in the dialect, and it served, in a refined form, as the royal speech of the Laotian kings until 1975 when the monarchy was abolished. Louang Phrabang remains the largest city in the northern region of Laos, serving as an important center of trade and communication with the surrounding areas.

Despite the proximity to speakers of Vientiane Lao, Northern Lao is quite distinct. Unlike other Lao dialects with six tones, Northern Lao speakers use only five. Due to the distinctive high-pitch, high-falling tone on words with live syllables starting with low-class consonants, the dialect is said to sound softer, sweeter and more effeminate than other Lao dialects, likely aided by the slower speed of speaking.<ref name="LaoDialects"/> Similar in tonal structure and quality to Tai Lanna, likely facilitated by the immigration of Lanna people to Louang Phrabang after Chiang Mai's fall to the Burmese in 1551, the dialect is classified apart from other Lao dialects as Chiang Saen language by Ethnologue.<ref name="ethny"/> Northern Lao also resisted the merger of Proto-Tai *{{IPA|/aɰ/}} and *{{IPA|/aj/}} that occurred in all other Lao dialects, except Northeastern Lao. This affects the twenty or so words represented by Thai '{{lang|th|ใ◌}}' and Lao '{{lang|lo|ໃ◌}}', which preserve /aɰ/ in Northern Lao. This vowel has become /aj/, similar to Thai '{{lang|th|ไ◌}}' and Lao '{{lang|lo|ໄ◌}}' which is also /aj/. Northern Lao also contains numerous terms not familiar to other Lao speakers.<ref name="Loei">Osantanda, V. (2015). "Lao Khrang and Luang Phrabang Lao: A Comparison of Tonal Systems and Foreign-Accent Rating by Luang Phrabang Judges." ''The Journal of Lao Studies''. pp. 110–143. Special Issue 2(2015).</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Lack of /aj/-/aɯ/ merger in Northern (Louang Phrabang) Lao
! Source
! Thai
! Isan
! Vientiane Lao
! Northern Lao
! Gloss
|-
| */ʰmɤːl/
| {{lang|th|ใหม่}} {{transliteration|th|mai}} {{IPA|[màj]}}
| {{lang|tts|ใหม่}} {{transliteration|tts|mai}} {{IPA|[māj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃຫມ່}} {{transliteration|lo|mai}} {{IPA|[māj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃຫມ່}} {{transliteration|lo|*maue}} {{IPA|[māɯ]}}
| 'new'
|-
| */haɰ/
| {{lang|th|ให้}} {{transliteration|th|hai}} {{IPA|[hâj]}}
| {{lang|tts|ให้}} {{transliteration|tts|hai}} {{IPA|[hàj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃຫ້}} {{transliteration|lo|hai}} {{IPA|[hȁj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃຫ້}} {{transliteration|lo|*haue}} {{IPA|[hȁɯ]}}
| 'to give'
|-
| */cɤɰ/
| {{lang|th|ใจ}} {{transliteration|th|chai}} {{IPA|[tɕāj]}}
| {{lang|tts|ใจ}} {{transliteration|tts|chai}} {{IPA|[tɕàj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃຈ}} {{transliteration|lo|chai}} {{IPA|[tɕàj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃຈ}} {{transliteration|lo|*chaue}} {{IPA|[tɕǎɯ]}}
| 'heart'
|-
| */C̥.daɰ/
| {{lang|th|ใน}} {{transliteration|th|nai}} {{IPA|[nāj]}}
| {{lang|tts|ใน}} {{transliteration|tts|nai}} {{IPA|[nâj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃນ}} {{transliteration|lo|nai}} {{IPA|[náj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໃນ}} {{transliteration|lo|*naue}} {{IPA|[na᷇ɯ]}}
| 'inside'
|-
| */mwaj/
| {{lang|th|ไม้}} {{transliteration|th|mai}} {{IPA|[máːj]}}
| {{lang|tts|ไม้}} {{transliteration|tts|mai}} {{IPA|[mȁj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໄມ້}} {{transliteration|lo|mai}} {{IPA|[mâj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໄມ້}} {{transliteration|lo|mai}} {{IPA|[ma᷇j]}}
| 'wood'. 'tree'
|-
| */wɤj/
| {{lang|th|ไฟ}} {{transliteration|th|fai}} {{IPA|[fāj]}}
| {{lang|tts|ไฟ}} {{transliteration|tts|fai}} {{IPA|[fâj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໄຟ}} {{transliteration|lo|fai}} {{IPA|[fáj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໄຟ}} {{transliteration|lo|fai}} {{IPA|[fa᷇j]}}
| 'fire'
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Northern Lao dialectal words
! Thai
! Isan
! Vientiane Lao
! Northern Lao
! Gloss
|-
| {{lang|th|เล่น}} {{transliteration|th|len}} {{IPA|[lên]}}
| {{lang|tts|หลิ้น}} {{transliteration|tts|lin}} {{IPA|[lìn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຫລິ້ນ/ຫຼິ້ນ}} {{transliteration|lo|lin}} {{IPA|[lȉn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ເອວ (เอว)}} {{transliteration|lo|eo}} {{IPA|[ʔêːw]}}
| 'to joke', 'to play'
|-
| {{lang|th|ลิง}} {{transliteration|th|ling}} {{IPA|[līŋ]}}
| {{lang|tts|ลิง}} {{transliteration|tts|ling}} {{IPA|[lîŋ]}}
| {{lang|lo|ລີງ}} {{transliteration|lo|ling}} {{IPA|[líːŋ]}}
| {{lang|lo|ລິງ (ลิง)}} {{transliteration|lo|ling}} {{IPA|[lîŋ]}}
| 'monkey'
|-
| {{lang|th|ขนมปัง}} {{transliteration|th|khanom pang}} {{IPA|[kʰā.nǒm pàŋ]}}
| {{lang|tts|ข้าวจี่ ขนมปัง}} {{transliteration|tts|khao chi}} {{transliteration|tts|khanom pang}} {{IPA|[kʰà(ː)w tɕíː] [kʰā.nǒm pàŋ]}}
| {{lang|lo|ເຂົ້າຈີ່}} {{transliteration|lo|khao chi}} {{IPA|[kʰȁ(ː)w tɕīː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຂມົນປັງ (ขนมปัง)}} {{transliteration|lo|khanom pang}} {{IPA|[kʰā-, xā.nǒm pâŋ]}}
| 'bread'
|-
| {{lang|th|ห่อ}} {{transliteration|th|ho}} {{IPA|[hɔ̀ː]}}
| {{lang|tts|ห่อ}} {{transliteration|tts|ho}} {{IPA|[hɔ̄ː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຫໍ່}} {{transliteration|lo|ho}} {{IPA|[hɔ̄ː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຄູ່ (คู่)}} {{transliteration|lo|khu}} {{IPA|[kʰu᷇ː, xu᷇ː]}}
| 'parcel', 'package'
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Northern Lao (Louang Phrabang) Dialect Tone Distribution<ref>Hartmann, J. (2002). [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/LaoLanguage/LaoTones/luangphrabangtones.htm Louang Phrabang Tones.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126213008/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/LaoLanguage/LaoTones/luangphrabangtones.htm |date=2022-01-26 }} Based Brown (1965).</ref>
! style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Tone Class
! style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Inherent Tone
! style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Mai ek ({{lang|lo|◌່}})
! style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Mai tho ({{lang|lo|◌້}})
! style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Long Vowel
! style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Short Vowel
|-
| style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | High
| style="background-color:#38fff8;" color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Mid-Falling Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling (glottalized)
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising
|-
| style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Middle
| style="background-color:#c1a2e1;" | Low-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising (glottalized)
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising
|-
| style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(32, 33, 34);" | Low
| style="background-color:#c1a2e1;" | Low-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising
| style="background-color:#ffcb2f;" | Mid-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
|}

===Northeastern Lao dialect (Tai Phouan)===
{{main|Phuan language}}

The [[Phuan language]] is a [[Chiang Saen languages|Chiang Saen (Thai) language]] rather than part of the [[Lao–Phutai languages]], but it is considered a Lao dialect in Laos. As a Tai language of northern Southeast Asia, it shares many similarities with Tai Dam and Tai Lan Na. In contrast to other minority languages of Isan, it is not losing ground to the Thai or Isan language in Isan.<ref name="ethny"/>

===Central Lao===
Central Lao represents a transitional variety, with northern varieties closer to Vientiane Lao and southern varieties, roughly south of the confluence of the Xé Noi river with the Mekong, the speech varieties begin to approach Southern Lao. Some linguists, such as Hartmann, place Vientiane Lao and Central Lao together as a singular dialect region.<ref>Hartmann, J. (2002). 'Spoken Lao—A regional approach.' SEASITE Laos. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University.</ref> More Vientiane-like speech predominates in the Isan provinces of [[Bueng Kan Province|Bueng Kan]], [[Sakon Nakhon Province|Sakon Nakhon]], most of [[Nakhon Phanom Province|Nakhon Phanom]] and some areas of [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]] provinces and on the Laotian side, portions of eastern and southern [[Bolikhamxai Province|Bolikhamxai]] and [[Khammouane Province|Khammouan]] provinces. More Southern Lao features are found in the speech of [[Mukdahan Province|Mukdahan]] and southern [[Nakhon Phanom Province|Nakhon Phanom]] provinces of Thailand and [[Savannakhet Province|Savannakhét Province]] of Laos.

Nevertheless, the tones of the southern Central varieties, such as spoken in Mukdahan, Thailand and Savannakhét, Laos have a tonal structure more akin to Vientiane Lao, sharing certain splits and contours. These areas do, however, exhibit some Southern features of their lexicon, such as the common use of ''se'' ({{lang|lo|ເຊ}} ''xé'', {{IPA|/sêː/}}), 'river', which is typical of Southern Lao as opposed to ''nam'' ({{lang|lo|ນ້ຳ}}, {{IPA|/nȃːm/}}), which is the more common word and also signifies 'water' in general. Mukdahan-Savannakhét area speakers also understand ''maethao'' ({{lang|lo|ແມ່ເຖົ້າ}}, {{IPA|/mɛ́ː.tʰȁw/}}) as a respectful term for an 'old lady' (as opposed to Vientiane 'mother-in-law') and use ''pen sang'' ({{lang|lo|ເປັນສັງ}}, {{IPA|/pȅn sȁŋ/}}) instead of Vientiane ''pen yang'' ({{lang|lo|ເປັນຫຍັງ}}, {{IPA|/pèn ɲăŋ/}}), 'what's wrong?', as is typical of Southern Lao.

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Central Dialect Tone Distribution (Savannakhét)<ref>Hmong Research Group (2009). [http://hmongrp.wisc.edu/IPPL%20Lao/inetpub/wwwroot/ipa/lao/orthography_Savtone.html Central Lao Tones (Savannakhét).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614174348/http://hmongrp.wisc.edu/IPPL%20Lao/inetpub/wwwroot/ipa/lao/orthography_Savtone.html |date=2010-06-14 }} Madison: University of Wisconsin.</ref>
||'''Tone Class'''||'''Inherent Tone'''||'''Mai ek ({{lang|lo|◌່}})'''||'''Mai tho ({{lang|lo|◌້}})'''||'''Long Vowel'''||'''Short Vowel'''
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! High
| style="background-color:#34ff34;" | Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling
| style="background-color:#34ff34;" | Rising
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! Middle
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#10f9c6;" | Rising-Falling
| style="background-color:#34ff34;" | Rising
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! Low
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#10f9c6;" | Rising-Falling
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
|}

===Southern Lao===
Southern Lao is spoken along the southern third of Isan and Laos. This region covers the Thai provinces of [[Surin Province|Surin]], [[Buriram Province|Buriram]] and [[Sisaket Province|Sisaket]], where a large minority of speakers are [[Khmer people|Khmer]] people speaking the archaic [[Northern Khmer dialect|northern]] variety of Khmer and another Austroasiatic people, the [[Kuy people]], use Southern Lao as a second language to engage with their Isan neighbors. It is also spoken in [[Ubon Ratchathani Province|Ubon Ratsathani]], [[Amnat Charoen Province|Amnat Charoen]] and portions of [[Yasothorn Province|Yasothon]] and [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratsasima]]. In Laos, it is the primary dialect of [[Champasak Province|Champasak]], [[Saravane Province|Salavan]], [[Attapeu Province|Attapeu]] and [[Sekong Province|Xékong]] provinces. There are also small pockets of speakers located in [[Steung Treng Province]], Cambodia or ''Siang Taeng'' ({{lang|lo|ຊຽງແຕງ}}, {{IPA|/síaŋ tɛ̀ːŋ/}}), particularly near the Mekong River close to the Laotian border. Many of the areas where Southern Lao is spoken were formerly part of the [[Kingdom of Champasak]], one of the three successor states to the Kingdom of Lan Xang, prior to the division of the Lao-speaking world between France and Siam.

Compared to other Isan and Lao dialects, Southern Lao has low tones in syllables that begin with high- or middle-class consonants and have long vowels. High- and middle-class consonants marked with the ''mai tho'' tone mark are low and low-falling, respectively, but in these cases are pronounced with very strong [[glottalization]], which can be described as 'creaky'. Combined with the somewhat faster manner of speaking and reduced tendency to soften consonants at the end of words, Southern Lao sounds very rough and harsh to speakers of other dialects. Many of these features, such as the faster speaking pace and glottalization may be influences from Austroasiatic languages as most of the region was inhabited by the Khmer, Kuy and various other Austroasiatic peoples until the eighteenth century when the Lao began to settle and even now, Khmer speakers comprise half the population of Surin and roughly a quarter each of the populations of Sisaket and Buriram provinces.<ref name="LaoDialects">Enfield, N. J. (1966). A Grammar of Lao. Mouton de Gruyter: New York, NY. 2007 reprint. p. 19.</ref>

Specific dialectal words include ''don'' ({{lang|lo|ດອນ}}, {{IPA|/dɔːn/}}), 'riparian island', ''se'' ({{lang|lo|ເຊ}} xé, /sȅː/)) and many of the words used in Savannakhét that are more typical of Southern Lao such as ''mae thao'' ({{lang|lo|ແມ່ເຖົ້າ}}, {{IPA|/mɛ́ː tʰȁw/}}) as a respectful term for an 'old lady' (as opposed to Vientiane 'mother-in-law') and use ''pen sang'' ({{lang|lo|ເປັນສັງ}}, {{IPA|/pȅn sȁŋ/}}) instead of Vientiane ''pen yang'' ({{lang|lo|ເປັນຫຍັງ}} ''pén gnang'', {{IPA|/pen ɲăŋ/}}), 'what's wrong?'. Possibly as a result of historical Khmer influence and current influences from Thai, Southern dialects tend to pronounce some words with initial Proto-Southwestern Tai *{{IPA|/r/}} as either the rhotic tap {{IPA|/ɾ/}} or a strongly velarized {{IPA|/ɬ/}} which is confused with {{IPA|/d/}} by speakers of other Lao dialects which have /h/. For example, Vientiane Lao ''hap'' ({{lang|lo|ຮັບ}}, {{IPA|/hāp/}}), 'to receive', and ''hong haem'' ({{lang|lo|ໂຮງແຮມ}} ''hônghèm'', {{IPA|/hóːŋ hɛ́ːm/}}) are pronounced as ''lap'' ({{lang|lo|ລັບ}}, {{IPA|/ɾàp/}}) and ''honglaem'' ({{lang|lo|ໂຮງແລມ}} ''hônglèm'', {{IPA|/hɔ̏ːŋ ɾɛ̏ːm/}}), respectively but may sound like *''dap'' and *''hongdaem'' (''hông dèm'') to other Lao, but are really a strongly velarized /ɬ/ or a rhotic tap /ɾ/.<ref>Davis, G. W. (2015). [http://www.laostudies.org/system/files/subscription/Davis.pdf The Story of Lao r: Filling in the Gaps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305221711/http://www.laostudies.org/system/files/subscription/Davis.pdf |date=2021-03-05 }}. ''The Journal of Lao Studies'', Special 2(2015), pps 97–109.</ref> Southerners also tend to use ''chak'' ({{lang|lo|ຈັກ}}, {{IPA|/tɕa᷇k/}}) to mean 'to know someone' as opposed to ''hu chak'' ({{lang|lo|ຮູ້ຈັກ}} ''hou chak'', {{IPA|/hȗː tɕák/}}) used in all other dialects.

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Southern Dialect Tone (Pakxé) Distribution<ref>Hartmann, J. (2002). [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/LaoLanguage/LaoTones/pakse_tones.htm Southern Lao Tones (Pakxé).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713001818/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/LaoLanguage/LaoTones/pakse_tones.htm |date=2020-07-13 }} Based on Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong (1981).</ref>
||'''Tone Class'''||'''Inherent Tone'''||'''Mai ek ({{lang|lo|◌່}})'''||'''Mai tho ({{lang|lo|◌້}})'''||'''Long Vowel'''||'''Short Vowel'''
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! High
| style="background-color:#7432b9;" | High-Rising
| style="background-color:#cc9e15;" | Lower-Middle
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low (glottalized)
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
| style="background-color:#7432b9;" | High-Rising
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! Middle
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#cc9e15;" | Lower-Middle
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling (glottalized)
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
| style="background-color:#7432b9;" | High-Rising
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! Low
| style="background-color:#c94f19;" | Mid-Falling
| style="background-color:#cc9e15;" | Lower-Middle
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling
| style="background-color:#3dbaaf;" | Low-Falling
| style="background-color:#cc9e15;" | Lower-Middle (short)
|}

===Western Lao===
Western Lao (Standard Isan) does not occur in Laos but is the primary dialect of [[Khon Kaen Province|Khon Kaen]], [[Kalasin Province|Kalasin]], [[Roi Et Province|Roi Et]], and [[Maha Sarakham Province|Maha Sarakham]] in Isan, Thailand. It is also spoken in much of [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] and portions of [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratsasima]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Western Lao Dialect Tone Distribution (Roi Et)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hartmann |first1=J. |year=1971 |url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_068_1g_Hartmann_AlignmentOfDialectsInSouthwesternTai.pdf |title=A model for the alignment of dialects in southwestern Tai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418090250/http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_068_1g_Hartmann_AlignmentOfDialectsInSouthwesternTai.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-18 |journal=Journal of the Siam Society |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=72–87 }}</ref>
||'''Tone Class'''||'''Inherent Tone'''||'''Mai ek ({{lang|lo|◌່}})'''||'''Mai tho ({{lang|lo|◌້}})'''||'''Long Vowel'''||'''Short Vowel'''
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! High
| style="background-color:#c1a2e1;" | Low-Rising
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! Middle
| style="background-color:#ea8538:" | Rising-Mid-Falling
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#c94f19;" | Mid-Falling
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
|----- bgcolor="#ffffff"
! Low
| style="background-color:#38eada;" | Rising-High-Falling
| style="background-color:#fd6864;" | Low
| style="background-color:#6200c9;" | High-Falling
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
| style="background-color:#f8ff00;" | Middle
|}

==Vocabulary==
{{See also|Indosphere|Greater India|Sanskrit#usage|label 3=Sanskrit global usage}}
The Lao language consists primarily of native Lao words. Because of [[Buddhism]], however, [[Pali]] has contributed numerous terms, especially relating to religion and in conversation with members of the [[sangha]]. Due to their proximity, Lao has influenced the Khmer and Thai languages and vice versa.

Formal writing has a larger number of [[loanword]]s, especially [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]], much as Latin and Greek have influenced European languages. For politeness, pronouns (and more formal pronouns) are used, plus ending statements with {{lang|lo|ແດ່}} (dae {{IPA|/dɛ̄ː/}}) or {{lang|lo|ເດີ້}} (doe {{IPA|/dɤ̂ː/}}). Negative statements are made more polite by ending with {{lang|lo|ດອກ}} (dok {{IPA|/dɔ̏ːk/}}). The following are formal register examples.
* {{lang|lo|ຂອບໃຈຫຼາຍ ໆ ເດີ້}} (khop chai lai lai doe, {{IPA|/kʰɔ᷆ːp tɕàj lǎːj lǎːj dɤ̂ː/}}) ''Thank you very much''.
* {{lang|lo|ຂ້ານ້ອຍເຮັດບໍ່ໄດ້ດອກ}} (kha noi het bo lai dok, {{IPA|/kʰa᷆ː nɔ̂ːj hēt bɔ̄ː dâj dɔ᷆ːk/}}) ''I cannot''.
* {{lang|lo|ໄຂປະຕູໃຫ້ແດ່}} (khai patu hai dae, {{IPA|/kʰǎj páʔ.tùː ha᷆j dɛ̄ː/}}) ''Open the door, please''.

=== French loanwords ===
{{Further|French language in Laos}}
[[File:Francois Ngin street corner Vientiane.jpg|thumb|A bilingual Lao-French street sign in Vientiane. Although the influence of French on the Lao language has waned considerably, hundreds of words of French origin are used in Laos.]]
After the division of the Lao-speaking world in 1893, French would serve as the administrative language of the French Protectorate of Laos, carved from the Lao lands of the left bank, for sixty years until 1953 when Laos achieved full independence.<ref name="Francophone">L'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). Laos. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.francophonie.org/Laos.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610201238/https://www.francophonie.org/Laos.html |date=2017-06-10 }}</ref> The close relationship of the Lao monarchy with France continued the promotion and spread of French until the end of the [[Laotian Civil War]] when the monarchy was removed and the privileged position of French began its decline. Many of the initial borrowings for terms from Western culture were imported via French. For instance, Lao uses ''sangtimet'' ({{lang|lo|ຊັງຕີແມດ}} {{IPA|/sáŋ.tìː.mɛ́ːt/}}) in an approximation of French ''centimètre'' ({{IPA|/sɑ̃timɛtʁ/}}). Lao people also tend to use French forms of geographic place names, thus the Republic of [[Guinea]] is ''kine'' ({{lang|lo|/ກີເນ/}} {{IPA|/kìː.néː/}}) from French ''Guinée'' ({{IPA|/gi ne/}}).

Although English has mostly surpassed French as the preferred foreign language of international diplomacy and higher education since the country began opening up to foreign investment in the 1990s, the position of French is stronger in Laos than in [[Cambodia]] and [[Vietnam]]. Since 1972, Laos has been associated with [[La Francophonie]], achieving full-member status in 1992. Many of the royalists and high-ranking families of Laos left Laos in the wake of the end of the Laotian Civil War for France, but as of 2010, it was estimated that 173,800 people, or three percent of the population, were fluent in French and French is studied by 35% of the population as a second language as a required subject and many courses in engineering, medicine, law, administration and other advanced studies are only available in French.<ref name="Francophone"/>

Laos maintains the French-language weekly ''[[Le Rénovateur]]'', but French-language content is sometimes seen alongside English in publications in older issues of ''Khaosane Phathét Lao News'' and sporadically on television ad radio.<ref>Panthamaly, P. (2008). Lao PDR. In B. Indrachit & S. Logan (eds.), ''Asian communication handbook 2008'' (pp. 280–292). Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Centre.</ref> French still appears on signage, is the language of major civil engineering projects and is the language of the élite, especially the older generations that received secondary and tertiary education in French-medium schools or studied in France. France maintains a large Lao diaspora and some of the very well-to-do still send their children to France for study. The result of this long-standing French influence is the use of hundreds of loan words of French origin in the Lao language of Laos—although many are old-fashioned and somewhat obsolete or co-exist alongside more predominant native usages. They may be contrasted with the neighbouring languages in Thailand, which borrowed from English instead of French.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ French loanwords in Lao
! Isan
! Thai
! Lao
! French
! Lao alternate
! Gloss
|-
| {{lang|tts|เนกไท}} {{transliteration|tts|nek thai}} {{IPA|[nê(ː)k tʰâj, -tʰáj]}}
| {{lang|th|เนกไท}} {{transliteration|th|nek thai}} {{IPA|[nê(ː)k tʰāj, -tʰáj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ກາລະວັດ/ກາຣະວັດ (*การะวัด)}} {{transliteration|lo|karawat}} {{IPA|[kàː.lā.wàt]}}
| {{lang|fr|cravate}} {{IPA|/kʁa.vat/}}
|
| 'necktie'
|-
| {{lang|tts|โฮงภาพยนตร์}} {{transliteration|tts|hong phapphayon}} {{IPA|[hôːŋ pʰȃːp.pʰā.ɲôn]}}
| {{lang|th|โรงภาพยนตร์}} {{transliteration|th|rong phapphayon}} {{IPA|[rōːŋ pʰȃːp.pʰā.jōn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ໂຮງຊີເນມາ (*โฮงซิเนมา)}} {{transliteration|lo|hong sinema}} {{IPA|[hóːŋ sī(ː).néː.máː]}}
| {{lang|fr|cinéma}} {{IPA|/si.ne.ma/}}
| {{lang|lo|ໂຮງຫນັງ}} {{transliteration|lo|hong nang}} {{IPA|[hóːŋ nǎŋ]}}
| 'cinema', 'movie theater' (US)
|-
| {{lang|tts|พจนานุกรม}} {{transliteration|tts|photchananukrom}} {{IPA|[pʰòt.tɕā.nâː.nù(ʔ).kòm]}}
| {{lang|th|พจนานุกรม}} {{transliteration|th|photchananukrom}} {{IPA|[pʰót.tɕā.nāː.nú(ʔ).krōm]}}
| {{lang|lo|ດີຊອນແນ/ດີຊອນແນຣ໌ (*ดิซอนแนร์)}} {{transliteration|lo|disonnae}} {{IPA|[dì(ː).sɔ́ːn.nɛ́ː]}}
| {{lang|fr|dictionnaire}} {{IPA|/dik.sjɔnɛʁ/}}
| {{lang|lo|ພົດຈະນານຸກົມ}} {{transliteration|lo|photchananukom}} {{IPA|[pʰòt.tɕā.náː.nū(ʔ).kòm]}}
| 'dictionary'
|-
| {{lang|tts|แอฟริกา}} {{transliteration|tts|aepfrika}} {{IPA|[ʔɛ́(ː)p.fì(ʔ).kàː]}}
| {{lang|th|แอฟริกา}} {{transliteration|th|aepfrika}} {{IPA|[ʔɛ́(ː)p.frí(ʔ).kāː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ອາຟິກ/ອາຟຣິກ (*อาฟรีก)}} {{transliteration|lo|afik/afrik}} {{IPA|[ʔàː.fīk, -frīk]}}
| {{lang|fr|Afrique}} {{IPA|/afʁik/}}
| {{lang|lo|ອາຟິກາ/ອາຟຣິກາ}} {{transliteration|lo|afika/afrika}} {{IPA|[ʔàː.fì(ʔ).kàː]}}
| 'Africa'
|-
| {{lang|tts|บักแอปเปิล}} {{transliteration|tts|bak aeppoen}} {{IPA|[bǎk ʔɛ́p.pɤ̂n]}}
| {{lang|th|ผลแอปเปิล}} {{transliteration|th|phon aeppoen}} {{IPA|[pʰǒn ʔɛ́p.pɤ̂n]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຫມາກປົ່ມ/ໝາກປົ່ມ (*หมากป่ม)}} {{transliteration|lo|mak pom}} {{IPA|[mȁːk pōm]}}
| {{lang|fr|pomme}} {{IPA|/pɔm/}}
|
| 'apple'
|-
| {{lang|tts|เนย}} {{transliteration|tts|noei}} {{IPA|[nɤ̂ːj]}}
| {{lang|th|เนย}} {{transliteration|th|noei}} {{IPA|[nɤ̄ːj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ເບີ/ເບີຣ໌ (*เบอร์)}} {{transliteration|lo|boe}} {{IPA|[bɤ̀ː]}}
| {{lang|fr|beurre}} {{IPA|/bœʁ/}}
| {{lang|lo|ເນີຍ}} {{transliteration|lo|noei}} {{IPA|[nɤ́ːj]}}
| 'butter'
|-
| {{lang|tts|ไวน์}} {{transliteration|tts|wai}} {{IPA|[wâːj]}}
| {{lang|th|ไวน์}} {{transliteration|th|wai}} {{IPA|[wāːj]}}
| {{lang|lo|ແວງ (*แวง)}} {{transliteration|lo|waeng}} {{IPA|[wɛ́ːŋ]}}
| {{lang|fr|vin}} {{IPA|/vɛ̃/}}
|
| 'wine'
|-
| {{lang|tts|คนส่งไปรษณีย์}} {{transliteration|tts|khon song praisani}} {{IPA|[kʰôn sōŋ pàj.sā.nîː]}}
| {{lang|th|คนส่งไปรษณีย์}} {{transliteration|th|khon song praisani}} {{IPA|[kʰōn sòŋ prāj.sā.nīː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຟັກເຕີ/ຟັກເຕີຣ໌ (*ฟักเตอร์)}} {{transliteration|lo|faktoe}} {{IPA|[fàk.tɤ̀ː]}}
| {{lang|fr|facteur}} {{IPA|/faktœʁ/}}
| {{lang|lo|ຄົນສົ່ງໜັງສື (*คนส่งหนังสือ)}} {{transliteration|lo|khon song nangsue}} {{IPA|[kʰón sōŋ nǎŋ.sɯ̌ː]}}
| 'postman', 'mailman' (US)
|-
| {{lang|tts|ปลาวาฬ}} {{transliteration|tts|pla wan}} {{IPA|[pàː wâːn]}}
| {{lang|th|ปลาวาฬ}} {{transliteration|th|pla wan}} {{IPA|[plāː wāːn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ປາບາແລນ (*ปลาบาแลน)}} {{transliteration|lo|pa balaen}} {{IPA|[pàː bàː.lɛ́ːn]}}
| {{lang|fr|baleine}} {{IPA|/ba lɛn/}}
| {{lang|lo|ປາວານ}} {{transliteration|lo|pa wan}} {{IPA|[pàː wáːn]}}
| 'whale'
|-
| {{lang|tts|เคมี}} {{transliteration|tts|khemi}} {{IPA|[kʰêː.mîː]}}
| {{lang|th|เคมี}} {{transliteration|th|khemi}} {{IPA|[kʰēː.mīː]}}
| {{lang|lo|ຊີມີ (*ซิมี)}} {{transliteration|lo|simi}} {{IPA|[síː.míː]}}
| {{lang|fr|chimie}} {{IPA|/ʃi.mi/}}
| {{lang|lo|ເຄມີ}} {{transliteration|lo|khémi}} {{IPA|[kʰéː.míː]}}
| 'chemistry'
|-
| {{lang|tts|บิลเลียด}} {{transliteration|tts|binliat}} {{IPA|[bìn.lîat]}}
| {{lang|th|บิลเลียด}} {{transliteration|th|binliat}} {{IPA|[bīn.lîat]}}
| {{lang|lo|ບີຢາ (*บียา)}} {{transliteration|lo|biya}} {{IPA|[bìː.jàː]}}
| {{lang|fr|billard}} {{IPA|/bi.jaʁ/}}
| {{lang|lo|ບິລລຽດ}} {{transliteration|lo|binliat}} {{IPA|[bìn.lîat]}}
| 'billiards'
|-
| {{lang|tts|ธนาณัติ}} {{transliteration|tts|thananat}} {{IPA|[tʰā.nâː.nàt]}}
| {{lang|th|ธนาณัติ}} {{transliteration|th|thananat}} {{IPA|[tʰā.nāː.nát]}}
| {{lang|lo|ມັງດາ (*มังดา)}} {{transliteration|lo|mangda}} {{IPA|[máŋ.dàː]}}
| {{lang|fr|mandat}} {{IPA|/mɑ̃.da/}}
| {{lang|lo|ທະນານັດ}} {{transliteration|lo|thananat}} {{IPA|[tʰā.náː.nāt]}}
| 'money order'
|-
| {{lang|tts|กรัม}} {{transliteration|tts|kram}} {{IPA|[kàm]}}
| {{lang|th|กรัม}} {{transliteration|th|kram}} {{IPA|[krām]}}
| {{lang|lo|ກາມ/ກຣາມ (*กราม)}} {{transliteration|lo|kam/kram}} {{IPA|[kàːm, -ràːm]}}
| {{lang|fr|gramme}} {{IPA|/ɡʁam/}}
|
| 'gramme', 'gram'
|}

=== Vietnamese loanwords ===
Because of the depopulation of the left bank to Siam prior to French colonization, the French who were already active in [[Vietnam]] brought Vietnamese to boost the population of the cities and help administer the region. Many Lao that received a French-language education during the period of French Indochina were educated in French-language schools in Vietnam, exposing them to French and Vietnamese languages and cultures. As the Vietnamese communists supported the ''Pathét Lao'' forces, supplying Lao communist militia with weaponry and training during the two-decade-long Laotian Civil War, large numbers of Vietnamese troops have been stationed at various times in Laos' post-independence history, although the Vietnamese military presence began to wane in the late 1980s as Laos pursued closer relations with its other neighbors and entered the market economy. Since market reforms in Vietnam, market liberalization has been the main focus between the two countries now.

{| class="wikitable"
|-----bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|+ Vietnamese loanwords into Lao and differences with Thai and Isan
! Isan
! Thai
! Lao
! Vietnamese
! Lao alternate
! Gloss
|-
| {{lang|tts|ก๋วยเตี๋ยว}} {{transliteration|tts|kuaitiao}} {{IPA|[kǔaj.tǐaw]}}
| {{lang|th|ก๋วยเตี๋ยว}} {{transliteration|th|kuaitiao}} {{IPA|[kǔaj.tǐaw]}}
| {{lang|lo|ເຝີ}} {{transliteration|lo|foe}} {{IPA|[fɤ̌ː]}}
| {{lang|vi|phở}} {{IPA|/fə̌ː/}}
| {{lang|lo|ກ໋ວຍຕ໋ຽວ}} {{transliteration|lo|kuaitiao}} {{IPA|[kǔaj.tǐaw]}}
| 'rice noodles with soup'
|-
| {{lang|tts|เยื้อน}} {{transliteration|tts|yuean}} {{IPA|[ɲɯ̏an]}}
| {{lang|th|งดเว้น}} {{transliteration|th|ngotwen}} {{IPA|[ŋót.wén]}}
| {{lang|lo|ກຽງ}} {{transliteration|lo|kiang}} {{IPA|[kìaŋ] }}
| {{lang|vi|kiêng}} {{IPA|/kiə̯ŋ/}}
| {{lang|lo|ເຍຶ້ອນ}} {{transliteration|lo|nyuean}} {{IPA|[ɲɯ̂an]}}
| 'to abstain', 'to refrain'
|-
| {{lang|tts|ฉาก}} {{transliteration|tts|chak}} {{IPA|[sàːk]}}
| {{lang|th|ฉาก}} {{transliteration|th|chak}} {{IPA|[tɕʰàːk]}}
| {{lang|lo|ອີແກ້}} {{transliteration|lo|i kae}} {{IPA|[ʔìː kɛ̂ː]}}
| {{lang|vi|ê-ke}}{{efn|Itself a loan word from French {{lang|fr|équerre}}}} {{IPA|/ekɛ/}}
| {{lang|lo|ສາກ}} {{transliteration|lo|sak}} {{IPA|[sȁːk]}}
| 'carpenter's square', 'T-square'
|-
| {{lang|tts|เฮ็ดงาน}} {{transliteration|tts|het ngan}} {{IPA|[hèt ŋâːn]}}
| {{lang|th|ทำงาน}} {{transliteration|th|tham ngan}} {{IPA|[tʰām ŋāːn]}}
| {{lang|lo|ເຮັດວຽກ}} {{transliteration|lo|het wiak}} {{IPA|[hēt wîak]}}
| {{lang|vi|việc}} {{IPA|/viə̯̣k/}}
| {{lang|lo|ເຮັດງານ}} {{transliteration|lo|het ngan}} {{IPA|[hēt ŋáːn]}}
| 'to work', 'to labour'
|}

==Phonology==

===Consonants===
Many consonants in Lao have a [[Labialization|labialized]] and plain form, thus creating a [[phonemic contrast]]. The complete inventory of Lao consonants is as shown in the table below:<ref name=Erickson>Blaine Erickson, 2001. [http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/erickson2001origins.pdf "On the Origins of Labialized Consonants in Lao"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011133024/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/erickson2001origins.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }}. Analysis based on L. N. Morev, A. A. Moskalyov and Y. Y. Plam, (1979). ''The Lao Language''. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies. Accessed 2009-12-19.</ref><ref name=":0" />

==== Initial consonants ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- class=small
! plain
! [[Labialization|lab.]]
! plain
! lab.
! plain
! lab.
! plain
! lab.
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}} || {{IPA link|n}} || || {{IPA link|ɲ}} || || {{IPA link|ŋ}} || {{IPA link|ŋʷ}} || ||
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]
| {{IPA link|b}} || {{IPA link|d}} || || || || || || ||
|-
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]]
| {{IPA link|p}} || {{IPA link|t}} || || {{IPA link|tɕ}} || {{IPA link|tɕʷ}} || {{IPA link|k}} || {{IPA link|kʷ}} || {{IPA link|ʔ}} || {{IPA link|ʔʷ}}
|-
! [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]
| {{IPA link|pʰ}} || {{IPA link|tʰ}} || {{IPA link|tʷʰ}} || || || {{IPA link|kʰ}} || {{IPA link|kʷʰ}} || ||
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPA link|f}} || {{IPA link|s}} || {{IPA link|sʷ}} || || || || || {{IPA link|h}} ||
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|ʋ}}~{{IPA link|w}}
| {{IPA link|l}} || {{IPA link|lʷ}} || {{IPA link|j}} || || || || ||
|}

==== Final consonants ====
All [[plosive consonant|plosive sounds]] (besides the [[glottal stop]] {{IPA|/ʔ/}}) are [[Unreleased stop|unreleased]] in final position. Hence, final {{IPAslink|p}}, {{IPAslink|t}}, and {{IPAslink|k}} sounds are pronounced as {{IPA|[p̚]}}, {{IPA|[t̚]}}, and {{IPA|[k̚]}} respectively.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|ʔ}}*
|-
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}
:* The glottal stop appears at the end when no final follows a short vowel.

===Vowels===
All vowels make a phonemic [[vowel length|length]] distinction. Diphthongs are all [[centering diphthong]]s with [[falling diphthong|falling sonority]].<ref name=Erickson/> The monophthongs and diphthongs are as shown in the following table:<ref name=Erickson/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Enfield |first=N. J.|title=A Grammar of Lao|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|year=2007|location=Berlin and New York}}</ref>

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Short vowel phonemes
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
! rowspan=2 | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan=2 | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Unrounded vowel|unr.]]
! [[Rounded vowel|rnd.]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Diphthong]]s
| {{IPA link|iaˀ}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɯaˀ}}
| {{IPA link|uaˀ}}
|-
! rowspan=4 {{vert header|va=middle|[[Monophthong]]s}}
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɯ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPA link|e}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɤ}}
| {{IPA link|o}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| {{IPA link|ä|a}}
|
|
|}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Long vowel phonemes
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
! rowspan=2 | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan=2 | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Unrounded vowel|unr.]]
! [[Rounded vowel|rnd.]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Diphthong]]s
| {{IPA|ia}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|ɯa}}
| {{IPA|ua}}
|-
! rowspan=4 {{vert header|va=middle|[[Monophthong]]s}}
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|iː}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɯː}}
| {{IPA link|uː}}
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPA link|eː}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɤː}}
| {{IPA link|oː}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛː}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɔː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| {{IPA link|ä|aː}}
|
|
|}
{{Col-end}}

===Tones===
Lao has six lexical tones.<ref>Blaine Erickson, 2001. [http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/erickson2001origins.pdf "On the Origins of Labialized Consonants in Lao"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011133024/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/erickson2001origins.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }}. Analysis based on T. Hoshino and R. Marcus (1981). ''Lao for Beginners: An Introduction to the Spoken and Written Language of Laos''. Rutland/Tokyo: Tuttle. Accessed 2009-12-19.</ref> However, the Vientiane and the Luang Prabang dialects have five tones (see below) (Brown 1965; Osatananda, 1997, 2015).<ref>Brown, J. Marvin. 1965. ''From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects.'' Bangkok: Social Science Association Press.</ref><ref name=Osatananda1997>{{cite thesis |id={{ProQuest|304347191}} |last1=Osatananda |first1=Varisa |title=Tone in Vientiane Lao |year=1997 }}</ref><ref name=Osatananda2015>{{cite journal |last1=Osatananda |first1=Varisa |date=August 2015 |title=Lao Khrang and Luang Phrabang Lao: A comparison of tonal systems and foreign-accent rating by Luang Phrabang judges |journal=The Journal of Lao Studies |volume=Special Issue 2 |pages=110–143 |url=https://www.laostudies.org/system/files/subscription/Varisa.pdf }}</ref>

==== Smooth syllables ====
There are six tones in smooth syllables, that is, in syllables ending in a vowel or other [[Sonorant|sonorant sound]] ({{IPA|[m], [n], [ŋ], [w],}} and {{IPAblink|j}}).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Name
! Lao
! Phonemic ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]])
! Phonetic ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]])
! Gloss
|-
| Rising
| ຂາ
| {{IPA|/kʰǎː/}}
| {{IPA|[kʰäː˨˦]}} or {{IPA|[kʰäː˨˩˦]}}
| leg
|-
| High
| ຄາ
| {{IPA|/kʰáː/}}
| {{IPA|[kʰäː˥]}} or {{IPA|[kʰäː˦˥]}}
| stuck
|-
| Falling
| ຄ້າ
| {{IPA|/kʰâː/}}
| {{IPA|[kʰäː˦˩]}} or {{IPA|[kʰäː˥˨]}}
| trade
|-
| Mid
| ຂ່າ, ຄ່າ
| {{IPA|/kʰāː/}}
| {{IPA|[kʰäː˧]}}
| [[galangal]], value resp.
|-
| Low
| ກາ
| {{IPA|/kàː/}}
| {{IPA|[käː˩]}} or {{IPA|[käː˨˩]}}
| crow
|-
| Mid-fall
| ຂ້າ
| {{IPA|/kʰa᷆ː/}} or {{IPA|/kʰȁː/}}
| {{IPA|[kʰäː˧˩]}}
| kill, servant
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The tones in the Vientiane and Luang Prabang dialects in smooth syllables
|-
! colspan="3" | Vientiane (Osatananda, 1997, p. 40)<ref name=Osatananda1997/> !! colspan="3" | Luang Prabang (Osatananda, 2015, p. 122)<ref name=Osatananda2015/>
|-
! Name !! Tone letters !! Example(s) !! Name !! Tone letters !! Example(s)
|-
| low || 1(3) or ˩(˧){{efn|The tone letters are 13 (˩˧) in citation form or before a pause and 11 (˩˩) elsewhere, e.g., /haː˩˧ paː˩˧/ ຫາປາ "look for fish" becomes [haː˩˩ paː˩˧] (Osatananda, 1997, p. 119).<ref name=Osatananda1997/>}} || /kʰaː˩(˧)/ ຂາ "leg" /kaː˩(˧)/ ກາ "crow" || high-falling-to-mid-level || 533 or ˥˧˧ || /kʰaː˥˧˧/ ຂາ "leg"
|-
| high || 35 or ˧˥ || /kʰaː˧˥/ ຄາ "stuck" || low rising || 12 or ˩˨ || /kʰaː˩˨/ ຄາ "stuck" /kaː˩˨/ ກາ "crow"
|-
| mid level || 33 or ˧˧ || /kʰaː˧˧/ ຂ່າ "galangal" /kʰaː˧˧/ ຄ່າ "value" || mid-falling{{efn|This tone is realized as a low level tone (22 or ˨˨) in a checked syllable with a short vowel (e.g., [kʰap˨˨] ຄັບ "tight") (Osatananda, 2015, p. 122).<ref name=Osatananda2015/>}} || 32 or ˧˨ || /kʰaː˧˨/ ຂ່າ "galangal" /kʰaː˧˨/ ຄ່າ "trade"
|-
| mid-fall || 31 or ˧˩ || /kʰaː˧˩/ ຂ້າ "kill" || high level-falling{{efn|This tone is realized as a mid level-falling tone (332 or ˧˧˨) in a checked syllable with a long vowel (e.g., [kʰaːp˧˧˨] ຂາບ "prostrate") (Osatananda, 2015, p. 122).<ref name=Osatananda2015/>}} || 552 or ˥˥˨ || /kʰaː˥˥˨/ ຂ້າ "kill"
|-
| high-fall || 52 or ˥˨ || /kʰaː˥˨/ ຄ້າ "trade" || mid-rising{{efn|This tone is realized as a low rising tone (23 or ˨˧) in a checked syllable with a long vowel (e.g., [kʰaːp˨˧] ຄາບ "dead skin of a reptile") (Osatananda, 2015, p. 122).<ref name=Osatananda2015/>}} || 34 or ˧˦ || /kʰaː˧˦/ ຄ້າ "trade"
|}
{{Notelist}}

==== Checked syllables ====
The number of contrastive tones is reduced to four in checked syllables, that is, in syllables ending in an [[Obstruent|obstruent sound]] ({{IPA|[p], [t], [k],}} or the
[[glottal stop]] {{IPAblink|ʔ}}).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Tone !! Lao !! Phonemic !! Phonetic !! Gloss
|-
| High || ຫັກ || {{IPA|/hák/}} || {{IPA|[häk̚˦˥]}} or {{IPA|[häk̚˥]}} || break
|-
| Low || ຮັກ || {{IPA|/hàk/}} || {{IPA|[häk̚˨˩]}} or {{IPA|[häk̚˩]}} || love
|-
| Mid-fall || ຫາກ || {{IPA|/ha᷆ːk/}} or {{IPA|/hȁːk/}} || {{IPA|[häːk̚˧˩]}} || if, inevitably
|-
| Falling || ຮາກ || {{IPA|/hâːk/}} || {{IPA|[häːk̚˦˩]}} or {{IPA|[häk̚˥˨]}} || vomit, root
|}

===Syllables===
Lao syllables are of the form (C)V(C), i.e., they consist of a vowel in the [[syllable nucleus]], optionally preceded by a single consonant in the [[syllable onset]] and optionally followed by a single consonant in the [[syllable coda]]. The only consonant clusters allowed are syllable initial clusters {{IPA|/kw/ or /kʰw/}}. Any consonant may appear in the onset, but the labialized consonants do not occur before [[rounded vowel]]s.<ref name=Erickson/>

One difference between Thai and Lao is that in Lao initial clusters are simplified. For example, the official name of Laos is Romanized as ''Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao'' or ''Sathalanalat Pasathipatai Pasason Lao'', with the Thai analog being ''Satharanarat Prachathipatai Prachachon Lao'' ({{lang|th|สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว}}), indicating the simplification of Thai ''pr'' to Lao ''p''.

Only {{IPA|/p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j/}} may appear in the coda. If the vowel in the nucleus is short, it must be followed by a consonant in the coda; {{IPAslink|ʔ}} in the coda can be preceded only by a short vowel. Open syllables (i.e., those with no coda consonant) and syllables ending in one of the [[sonorant]]s {{IPA|/m n ŋ w j/}} take one of the six tones, syllables ending in {{IPA|/p t k/}} take one of four tones, and syllables ending in {{IPAslink|ʔ}} take one of only two tones.<ref name=Erickson/>

==Grammar==
{{main|Lao grammar}}

The majority of Lao words are [[syllable|monosyllabic]], and are not inflected to reflect declension or verbal tense, making Lao an [[analytic language]]. Special particle words serve the purpose of prepositions and verb tenses in lieu of conjugations and declensions. Lao is a [[subject–verb–object]] (SVO) language, although the subject is often dropped. In contrast to Thai, Lao uses pronouns more frequently.

===Numbers===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Number
! Gloss
! colspan="2" | Number
! Gloss
|-
| ໐ ສູນ/ສູນຍ໌ ''sun''
| /sǔːn/
| 0 'zero' ''nulla''
| ໒໑ ຊາວເອັດ ''sao et''
| /sáːw ʔét/
| 21 'twenty-one' XXI
|-
| ໑ ໜຶ່ງ ''nueng''
| /nɯ̄ŋ/
| 1 'one' I
| ໒໒ ຊາວສອງ ''sao song''
| /sáːw sɔ̆ːŋ/
| 22 'twenty-two' XXII
|-
| ໒ ສອງ ''song''
| /sɔ̌ːŋ/
| 2 'two' II
| ໒໓ ຊາວສາມ ''sao sam''
| /sáːw săːm/
| 23 'twenty-three' XXII
|-
| ໓ ສາມ ''sam''
| /sǎːm/
| 3 'three' III
| ໓໐ ສາມສິບ ''sam sip''
| /săːm síp/
| 30 thirty XXX
|-
| ໔ ສີ່ ''si''
| /sīː/
| 4 four IV
| ໓໑ ສາມສິບເອັດ ''sam sip ét''
| /săːm síp ʔét/
| 31 'thirty-one' XXXI
|-
| ໕ ຫ້າ ''ha''
| /hȁː/
| 5 'five' V
| ໓໒ ສາມສິບສອງ ''sam sip song''
| /săːm síp sɔ̌ːŋ/
| 32 'thirty-two' XXXII
|-
| ໖ ຫົກ ''hok''
| /hók/
| 6 six VI
| ໔໐ ສີ່ສິບ ''si sip''
| /sīː síp/
| 40 'forty' VL
|-
| ໗ ເຈັດ ''chet''
| /tɕét/
| 7 'seven' VII
| ໕໐ ຫ້າສິບ ''ha sip''
| /hȁː síp/
| 50 'fifty' L
|-
| ໘ ແປດ ''paet''
| /pɛ̏ːt/
| 8 'eight' VIII
| ໖໐ ຫົກສິບ ''hok sip''
| /hók síp/
| 60 sixty LX
|-
| ໙ ເກົ້າ ''kao''
| /kȃw/
| 9 nine IX
| ໗໐ ເຈັດສິບ ''chet sip''
| /tɕét síp/
| 70 'seventy' LXX
|-
| ໑໐ ສິບ ''sip''
| /síp/
| 10 ten X
| ໘໐ ແປດສິບ ''paet sip''
| /pɛ̏ːt sìp/
| 80 'eighty' LXXX
|-
| ໑໑ ສິບເອັດ ''sip et''
| /síp ʔét/
| 11 'eleven' XI
| ໙໐ ເກົ້າສິບ
| /kȃw síp/
| 90 'ninety' XC
|-
| ໑໒ ສິບສອງ
| /síp sɔ̌ːŋ/
| 12 'twelve' XII
| ໑໐໐ (ໜຶ່ງ)ຮ້ອຍ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) hɔ̂ːj/
| 100 'one hundred' C
|-
| ໑໓ ສິບສາມ
| /síp săːm/
| 13 'thirteen' XIII
| ໑໐໑ (ນຶ່ງ)ຮ້ອຍເອັດ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) hɔ̂ːj ʔét/
| 101 'one hundred one' CI
|-
| ໑໔ ສິບສີ່
| /síp sīː/
| 14 'fourteen' XIV
| ໑໐໐໐ (ໜຶ່ງ)ພັນ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) pʰán/
| 1,000 'one thousand' M
|-
| ໑໕ ສິບຫ້າ
| /síp hȁːː/
| 15 'fifteen' XV
| ໑໐໐໐໐ (ໜຶ່ງ)ໝື່ນ/(ໜຶ່ງ)ຫມື່ນ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) mɯ̄ːn/
| 10,000 ten thousand X.
|-
| ໑໖ ສິບຫົກ
| /síp hók/
| 16 'sixteen' XVI
| ໑໐໐໐໐໐ (ໜຶ່ງ)ແສນ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) sɛ̆ːn/
| 100,000 'one hundred thousand' C.
|-
| ໑໗ ສິບເຈັດ
| /síp tɕét/
| 17 seventeen XVII
| ໑໐໐໐໐໐໐ (ນຶ່ງ)ລ້ານ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) lâːn/
| 1,000,000 'one million'
|-
| ໑໘ ສິບແປດ
| /síp pɛ́ːt/
| 18 'eighteen' XVIII
| ໑໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐ (ນຶ່ງ)ພັນລ້ານ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) pʰán lâːn/
| 1,000,000,000 'one billion'
|-
| ໑໙ ສິບເກົ້າ
| /síp kȃw/
| 19 'nineteen' XIX
| ໑໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐ (ນຶ່ງ)ລ້ານລ້ານ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) lâːn lâːn/
| 1,000,000,000,000 'one trillion'
|-
| ໒໐ ຊາວ(ນຶ່ງ) ''sao''(''nueng'')
| /sáːw (nɯ̄ŋ)/
| 20 'twenty' XX
| ໑໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐໐ (ນຶ່ງ)ພັນລ້ານລ້ານ
| /(nɯ̄ŋ) pʰán lâːn lâːn/
| 1,000,000,000,000,000 'one quadrillion'
|}

==Writing system==
===Lao script===
{{main|Lao script}}

[[File:WatThatLuang Sign.JPG|thumb|Lao script on a sign at Wat That Luang, Vientiane.]]
The Lao script, derived from the [[Khmer alphabet]] of the [[Khmer Empire]] in the 14th century,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=Paul K. |title=Languages and Literatures of Indochina |journal=The Far Eastern Quarterly |date=August 1947 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=379–389 |id={{ProQuest|1290485784}} |doi=10.2307/2049433 |jstor=2049433 |s2cid=162902327 }}</ref> is ultimately rooted in the [[Pallava script]] of [[South India|Southern India]], one of the [[Brahmi script]]s.<ref name="UCLA"/> Although the Lao script bears resemblance to Thai, the former contains fewer letters than Thai because by 1960 it was simplified to be fairly ''phonemic'', whereas Thai maintains many etymological spellings that are pronounced the same.<ref name="Unicode">Unicode. (2019). Lao. In ''The Unicode Standard Version 12.0'' (pp. 635–637). Mountain View, CA: Unicode Consortium.</ref>

The script is traditionally classified as an [[abugida]], but Lao consonant letters are conceived of as simply representing the consonant sound, rather than a syllable with an inherent vowel.<ref name="Unicode" /> Vowels are written as [[diacritic]] marks and can be placed above, below, in front of, or behind consonants. The script also contains distinct symbols for numerals, although Arabic numerals are more commonly used.

Lao is written in the [[Tai Tham script]] for [[Sacred language|liturgical]] purposes<ref name=UCLA>UCLA International Institute, (n.d.). [http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=77 "Lao"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230070620/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=77 |date=2010-12-30 }}. Accessed 2010-07-27.</ref> and is still used in temples in Laos and [[Isan]].

====Indication of tones====
Experts disagree on the number and nature of tones in the various dialects of Lao. According to some, most dialects of Lao and Isan have six tones, those of [[Luang Prabang]] have five. Tones are determined as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Tones
! Long vowel, or vowel plus voiced consonant
! Long vowel plus unvoiced consonant
! Short vowel, or short vowel plus unvoiced consonant
! Mai ek ({{lang|lo|◌່}})
! Mai tho ({{lang|lo|◌້}})
|-
! High consonants
| rising
| low falling
| high
| mid
| low falling
|-
! Mid consonants
| low rising
| low falling
| high
| mid
| high falling
|-
! Low consonants
| high
| high falling
| mid
| mid
| high falling
|}

A silent {{lang|lo|ຫ}} ({{IPA|/h/}}) placed before certain consonants will place the proceeding consonant in the high class tone. This can occur before the letters {{lang|lo|ງ}} {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, {{lang|lo|ຍ}} {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, {{lang|lo|ຣ}} {{IPA|/r/}}, and {{lang|lo|ວ}} {{IPA|/w/}} and combined in special ligatures (considered separate letters) such as {{lang|lo|ຫຼ}} {{IPA|/l/}}, {{lang|lo|ໜ}} {{IPA|/n/}}, and {{lang|lo|ໝ}} {{IPA|/m/}}. In addition to {{lang|lo|ອ່}} (low tone) and {{lang|lo|ອ້}} (falling tone), there also exists the rare {{lang|lo|ອ໊}} (high) {{lang|lo|ອ໋}} (rising) tone marks.

===Tai Tham script===
{{main|Tai Tham script}}

[[File:Sign of Wat Sri Ubon Rattanaram, Ubon Ratchathani.jpg|thumb|left|An example of the [[Tai Tham alphabet]] formerly used in Laos for religious literature]]
Traditionally, only secular literature was written with the Lao alphabet. Religious literature was often written in ''[[Tai Tham script|Tai Tham]]'', a Mon-based script that is still used for the [[Khün language|Tai Khün]], [[Tai Lue language|Tai Lü]], and formerly for [[Northern Thai language|Kham Mueang]].<ref>[[Michael Everson|Everson, Michael]], Hosken, Martin, & Constable, Peter. (2007). [http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07007r-n3207r-lanna.pdf ''Revised proposal for encoding the Lanna script in the BMP of the UCS''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614234315/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07007r-n3207r-lanna.pdf |date=2019-06-14 }}.</ref> The Lao style of this script is known as ''Lao Tham''.<ref>Kourilsky, Grégory & Berment, Vincent. (2005). [http://www.laosoftware.com/download/dekalb_gk-vb.pdf Towards a Computerization of the Lao Tham System of Writing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802025701/http://www.laosoftware.com/download/dekalb_gk-vb.pdf |date=2007-08-02 }}. In ''First International Conference on Lao Studies''.</ref>

===Khom script===
{{main|Khom Thai script}}

[[File:Bhuddha Sutra in Thai-Khmer Font.JPG|thumb|right|A [[sutra]] in the Khom script. This Khmer script was used to write Buddhist, Brahmanic, and ritual texts.]]
Mystical, magical, and some religious literature was written in ''Khom script'' (Aksar Khom), a modified version of the [[Khmer script]].<ref>Igunma, Jana. (2013). Aksoon Khoom: Khmer Heritage in Thai and Lao Manuscript Cultures. ''Tai Culture, 23: Route of the Roots: Tai-Asiatic Cultural Interaction''.</ref>
{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Comparison of Lao and Isan]]
*[[Comparison of Lao and Thai]]
*[[Literature of Laos]]
*[[Romanization of Lao]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Lew, Sigrid. 2013. [https://www.academia.edu/12997666/A_linguistic_analysis_of_the_Lao_writing_system_and_its_suitability_for_minority_language_orthographies "A linguistic analysis of the Lao writing system and its suitability for minority language orthographies".]
* ANSI Z39.35-1979, ''System for the Romanization of Lao, Khmer, and Pali'', {{ISBN|0-88738-968-6}}.
* Hoshino, Tatsuo and Marcus, Russel. (1989). ''Lao for Beginners: An Introduction to the Spoken and Written Language of Laos''. Tuttle Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8048-1629-8}}.
* Enfield, N. J. (2007). [http://nickenfield.org/files/Enfield_Lao_Grammar_published_AUTHOR_OFFPRINT.pdf ''A Grammar of Lao'']. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. {{ISBN|3-11-018588-1}}.
* Cummings, Joe. (2002). ''Lao Phrasebook: A Language Survival Kit''. Lonely Planet. {{ISBN|1-74059-168-2}}.
* Mollerup, Asger. ''Thai–Isan–Lao Phrasebook''. White Lotus, Bangkok, 2001. {{ISBN|974-7534-88-6}}.
* Kerr, Allen. (1994). ''Lao–English Dictionary''. White Lotus. {{ISBN|974-8495-69-8}}.
* Simmala, Buasawan and Benjawan Poomsan Becker (2003), ''Lao for Beginners''. Paiboon Publishing. {{ISBN|1-887521-28-3}}

==External links==
{{InterWiki|code=lo}}
{{Wikivoyage|Lao phrasebook|Lao|a phrasebook}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/lao3.htm Lao Language and Culture website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141204014809/http://asiansouls.com/laofonts/ Lao True Type Fonts]

{{Languages of Laos}}
{{Languages of Cambodia}}
{{Languages of Thailand}}
{{Laos topics}}
{{Tai-Kadai languages}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lao language| ]]
[[Category:Languages of Laos]]
[[Category:Languages of Thailand]]
[[Category:Isolating languages]]
[[Category:Subject–verb–object languages]]

Mullaivanam

2026-03-04T05:05:30Z

CaraVanOtterloo: starting info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mullaivanam.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = V. Krishnan
| producer = V. Krishnan
| writer = A. K. Velan (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story = K. Sriramachandran
| based_on =
| starring = {{unbulleted list|Sriram|[[Kumari Rukmani]]}}
| narrator =
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = V. Krishnan
| editing = T. Vijayarangam
| studio = Aravind Pictures
| distributor = Aravind Pictures
| released = {{film date|1955|03|11|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 14351 ft.
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mullaivanam''''' is a 1955 Indian [[Tamil language]] film produced and directed by V. Krishnan. The film stars Sriram (Madurai Sriram Naidu) and [[Kumari Rukmini]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite web |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=21 March 2015 |title=Mullaivanam (1965) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mullaivanam-1965/article7018672.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119023104/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mullaivanam-1965/article7018672.ece |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was released on 11 March 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1955 – முல்லைவனம் – அரவிந்த் பிக்சர்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1955-cinedetails30.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119181902/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1955-cinedetails30.asp |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=19 November 2016 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2024}}
A woman—Bhavani—travels in an old Postal Delivery van. Another passenger tells a story to her. There was a young woman who was in love with someone. But she had to marry her aunt's brother being forced by the aunt. Her husband is a crooked person. However, during the marriage ceremony the ''thaali'' ([[mangala sutra]]) goes missing and so the ceremony is halted. How the young woman marries her lover forms the rest of the story.<ref name="hindu" />

== Cast ==
* Sriram
* [[Kumari Rukmani]]
* [[P. S. Veerappa]]
* P. S. Gnanam
* [[A. Karunanidhi]]
* [[S. A. Natarajan]]

== Production ==
The film is one of the many films produced by V. Krishnan who owned Aravind Pictures in Coimbatore. The dances were by Rajeswari and Lalitha Rao. Choreographer is a well-known ''natuvanaar'', [[Vazhuvoor B. Ramaiyah Pillai]]. The film was produced at [[Central Studios]], Coimbatore.<ref name="hindu" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]]. A [[Thirupugazh]] by [[Arunagirinathar]] Swamigal was included in the film.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=99 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist
|-
| "Engirundho Ingu Vandha Radhiye" || rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]] & [[Radha Jayalakshmi|(Radha) Jayalakshmi]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]]
|-
| "Sariyendru Nee Oru"
|-
| "Kaithala Niraigani" || Gajalakshmi || Arunagirinathar
|-
| "Kaayaa Pazhama Sollunga" || [[A. P. Komala]]|| [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]
|-
| "Selathu Ravikkai Mele" || A. P. Komala & Guruvayur Ponnamma || [[A. Maruthakasi]]
|-
| "Ninaithale" || rowspan=2|(Radha) Jayalakshmi || rowspan=2|Ku. Sa. Krishnamoorthy
|-
| "Putham Pudhu"
|-
| "Mayangadha Kattazhagi" || Jayasakthivel || rowspan=2|Ko. Ku.
|-
| "Aalamara Orathile" || M. K. Vijaya
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:1955 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Tirandaj Shabor

2026-03-04T00:13:27Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created entry

{{Short description|2022 Indian Bengali-language film by Arindam Sil}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}

{{Sources exist|date=March 2023}}{{Infobox film
| name = Tirandaj Shabor
| image = Tirandaj Shabor poster.jpeg
| alt = Theatrical release poster
| caption =
| director = [[Arindam Sil]]
| writer = [[Arindam Sil]] Padmanabha Dasgupta
| based_on =
| producer = Rupa Dutta
| starring = [[Saswata Chatterjee]] [[Subhrajit Dutta]] [[Nigel Akkara]] Devlina Kumar
| cinematography = Ayan Sil
| editing = Sanglap Bhowmik
| music = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| studio = Camellia Productions
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|05|27}}
| runtime = 113 minutes
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Tirandaj Shabor''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Crime film|crime thriller film]] directed by [[Arindam Sil]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Tirandaj Shabor Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/tirandaj-shabor/movieshow/91746182.cms |access-date=2022-05-27 |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507205152/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/tirandaj-shabor/movieshow/91746182.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> based on [[Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]]’s novel ''Tirandaj''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A chilling session with Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay at The Bengal Club |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/events/a-chilling-session-with-shirshendu-mukhopadhyay-and-the-bengal-club/cid/1863741 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527100437/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/events/a-chilling-session-with-shirshendu-mukhopadhyay-and-the-bengal-club/cid/1863741 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tirandaj Shabor: ফের শহরে আসছেন গোয়েন্দা শবর দাশগুপ্ত! প্রকাশ্যে রহস্যে মোড়া ট্রেলার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/tirandaj-shabor-trailer-lanuches-saswata-chatterjee-coming-again-shabor-dasgupta-detective-lalbazar-police-silver-screen-movie-releasing-may-2022-soc-373316-2022-05-12 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527100754/https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/tirandaj-shabor-trailer-lanuches-saswata-chatterjee-coming-again-shabor-dasgupta-detective-lalbazar-police-silver-screen-movie-releasing-may-2022-soc-373316-2022-05-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the sequel to 2018 film ''[[Aschhe Abar Shabor]]'' and the fourth installment of [[Goenda Shabor (film series)|''Goenda Shabor'' film series]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Roushni |title=Tirandaj Shabor trailer: This murder mystery looks placid |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/may/14/34431/tirandaj-shabor-trailer-this-murder-mystery-looks-placid |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Cinestaan |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527100416/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/may/14/34431/tirandaj-shabor-trailer-this-murder-mystery-looks-placid |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released on 27 May 2022 under the banner of Camellia Productions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tirandaj Shabor' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/previews/tirandaj-shabor/articleshow/91815797.cms |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=The Times of India |date=26 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527095508/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/previews/tirandaj-shabor/articleshow/91815797.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ananda |first=abp |date=2022-05-02 |title=বৃষ্টির রাতে গাড়ির কাচে হঠাৎ টোকা, তারপর? প্রকাশ্যে 'তীরন্দাজ শবর'-এর টিজার |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/tirandaj-shabor-teaser-upcoming-bengali-film-tirandaj-shabor-directed-by-arindam-sil-teaser-released-885295 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502080639/https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/tirandaj-shabor-teaser-upcoming-bengali-film-tirandaj-shabor-directed-by-arindam-sil-teaser-released-885295 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
A cab driver Sumit Ghoshal rushes into a police station with a passenger who is seriously ill. Immediately after this, the investigating officer finds him dead. Police suspect Sumit for the incident. ACP [[Shabor Dasgupta]] and his assistant Nanda starts investigation and discovers that there are number of mysterious characters close to the victim Sitanath Samaddar. Samaddar has a dark past and there are many suspects who can take revenge.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Tirandaj Shabor' trailer: Saswata Chatterjee's detective avatar returns with a gripping murder mystery - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/tirandaj-shabor-trailer-saswata-chatterjees-detective-avatar-returns-with-a-gripping-murder-mystery/articleshow/91589275.cms |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=The Times of India |date=16 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527100106/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/tirandaj-shabor-trailer-saswata-chatterjees-detective-avatar-returns-with-a-gripping-murder-mystery/articleshow/91589275.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as [[Shabor Dasgupta]]
* [[Subhrajit Dutta]] as Nanda
* [[Nigel Akkara]] as Sumit Ghoshal/ Bulu Da
* [[Arindam Sil]] as Sitanath Samaddar
* [[Chandan Sen]] as Pareshnath Chakraborty
* Poulomi Das as Sonali Basu
* Saranya Kar as Jamuna
* Debjani Chatterjee as Papia Samaddar
* Devlina Kumar as Pritha/Rumki
* Joydip Kundu as Sukanta Ghosh

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Tirandaj Shabor
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/tirandaj-shabor/46bElKxT,Vs_|title=Tirandaj Shabor – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=2022|publisher=Jiosaavn|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926092438/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/tirandaj-shabor/46bElKxT,Vs_|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:27
| language = Bengali
| label = Times Music Bangla
| producer =
}}

{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 16:27
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Laglo Nesha
| length1 = 4:04
| extra1 = Timir Biswas, [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| title2 = Shabor Theme (Saxophone)
| length2 = 1:56
| extra2 = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| title3 = Lag Lag
| length3 = 2:34
| extra3 = Ujjaini Mukherjee, [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| title4 = Paglare Tui Jhoom
| length4 = 3:40
| extra4 = Timir Biswas, Bickram Ghosh
| title5 = Shabor Returns
| length5 = 3:01
| extra5 = Bickram Ghosh
| title6 = Shabor Theme (Symphony)
| length6 = 1:12
| extra6 = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
}}

== Reception ==
{{Empty section|date=June 2022}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15509050}}

{{Goenda Shabor}}

[[Category:2022 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]]
[[Category:Films directed by Arindam Sil]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bickram Ghosh]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]

Mayura (film)

2026-03-03T22:22:36Z

CaraVanOtterloo: starting a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{For|the ruler|Mayurasharma}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mayura
| image = Mayoora.jpg

| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]]
| producer = T. P. Venugopal
| writer = [[Devudu Narasimha Sastri]]
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] [[Manjula (Kannada actress)|Manjula]] [[K. S. Ashwath]] [[Vajramuni]] [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]]
| music = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = Annayya Mallik
| editing = Babu Rajan
| studio =
| distributor = Ramesh Movies
| released = {{Film date|1975|09|12|df=yes}}
| runtime = 178 minutes (''136 trimmed version'')
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = {{INR}}40-45 lakhs
| gross = {{INR}}3 crores<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/rajkumar-classics-last-resort-to-pull-audience-to-the-theatre/article6680188.ece|title=Mayoora re-release|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 December 2014|access-date=27 July 2019|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara}}</ref>
}}

'''''Mayura''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಮಯೂರ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1975 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[historical drama]] film, directed by [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allmoviedatabase.com/KMDB.asp?movieName=Mayura|title=Kannada Movie Database – Mayura|website=Allmoviedatabase.com|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref> It is one of the most popular films of acclaimed Kannada actor [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], who plays the role of Prince [[Mayurasharma]] of the [[Kadamba dynasty]], the earliest native kingdom to rule over what is today the modern state of [[Karnataka]]. The film depicts the life of Mayura, a [[Brahmin]] youth, as he discovers his royal heritage and realizes his destiny of ascending to the throne of the then-[[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] kingdom.

Based on a novel of the same name by [[Devudu Narasimha Sastri]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raj-festival-a-mirror-of-the-grooms-novel-films|title = ರಾಜ್‌ ಹಬ್ಬ: ವರನಟನ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳ ಕನ್ನಡಿ|website=Udayavani.com}}</ref> the film is notable for its various scenes filmed inside and around the famous [[Mysore Palace]]. The movie was also the last movie to be shot inside the Mysore Palace. The movie saw a theatrical run of 30 weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitratara.com/showCelbProfile.asp?newsid=8|title=:: Welcome to Chitatara ::|date=17 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717135525/http://www.chitratara.com/showCelbProfile.asp?newsid=8|access-date=29 November 2021|archive-date=17 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/all-time-blockbusters-posters-data.3742/page-9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173619/http://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/all-time-blockbusters-posters-data.3742/page-9|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 November 2018|title=Sandalwood Blockbuster hits|website=Sandalwoodking.rocks|date=17 May 2011}}</ref> It is considered by many as a symbol of Kannada pride.

The movie was dubbed in Telugu as ''Mahaveera Mayura'' and in Malayalam in 1976 as ''Raja Mayura Varma''.

The core plot element of ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning|Baahubali]]'' – about the hero not knowing his birth secret that he belongs to a royal family and lives in isolation in a village – was reported to be inspired by this movie.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/baahubali-copied-from-rajkumars-mayura/articleshow/48001596.cms | title=Baahubali copied from Rajkumar's Mayura? - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-story-leaked-movie-inspired-by-kannada-classic-mayura-638564 | title='Baahubali' Story Leaked: Movie Inspired by Kannada Classic 'Mayura'? | website=[[International Business Times]] | date=8 July 2015 }}</ref> [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]], father of [[S. S. Rajamouli]] and the story writer of ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' had admitted that Dr. Rajkumar films were also one of the responsible factors for the content he derived for that movie.<ref>https://www.indiaglitz.com/dubbing-to-kannada-vijayendra-prasad-observation-kannada-_amp-news-180113</ref>

==Plot==
The film opens in [[Kanchi]] with Mayura, a [[Brahmin]] youth challenging an arrogant wrestler and defeating him. Mayura had never been formally trained and had only learned techniques of wrestling by observing other wrestlers. As a Brahmin, he was required to study [[Veda]]s, yet he was deeply interested in martial arts and after this wrestling encounter, Ranga Jetti ([[M. P. Shankar]]), the premier wrestler in Kanchi, takes him under his wing and trains him. After becoming proficient in all the martial arts, one day, while observing the training of Pallava princes, Mayura accidentally gets into a fight with and gives a thrashing to Vishnugopa ([[Vajramuni]]), the [[Pallava]] prince, thereby earning his enmity.

After this, Mayura has to flee Kanchi as per the advice of Ranga Jetti, to escape from pursuing Pallavas. He also then learns that he is in fact the son of Raja Chandravarma, the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]] king who was killed through deceit by the Pallava king, Sivaskandhavarma. Upon learning from his father's minister about his Kshatriya antecedents and his illustrious lineage, Mayura dedicates himself to throw the Pallava (foreign) yoke and liberate his motherland. Returning to [[Banavasi]] in the guise of a merchant called Nilakanthagupta, Mayura builds a following and an army. Through clever strategies, he conquers both Banavasi and the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking regions around [[Srisailam|Srishaila]], thus building a vast kingdom.

While the film builds the rivalry between Vishnugopa and Mayura, it also throws light on the mutually admiring friendship between Mayura and the Pallava crown prince ([[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]]) and also on the growing love between Mayura and the Pallava princess Premavati ([[Manjula (Kannada actress)|Manjula]]). In the end, Vishnugopa overcomes his anger and hatred towards Mayura, who marries Premavati, with the blessings of Sivaskandhavarma himself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landoflime.com/archives/writing-films/dr-rajkumar-mayura-1/|title=Dr. Rajkumar: Mayura - 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325210707/http://www.landoflime.com/archives/writing-films/dr-rajkumar-mayura-1/|access-date=29 November 2021|archive-date=25 March 2012}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Dr. Rajkumar]] as [[Mayurasharma]], a young Brahmin who rises against the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] rulers upon being humiliated by one of their kingsmen.
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as the [[Crown prince|Yuvaraja]] of the Pallavas, the Yuvaraja is a wise and far-sighted prince who admires Mayura for his boldness in standing up to his brother Prince Vishnugopa.
* [[Vajramuni]] as Prince Vishnugopa, the [[antagonist]] of the film, his arrogance and ruthless ambition infuriates Mayura and drives him to rally the populace against his oppression.
* [[T. N. Balakrishna|Balakrishna]] as Madhukeshwara, an aide to Mayura in his days as an [[outlaw]] and [[vigilante]], his loyalties are tested when the authority puts out a reward on any information leading to Mayura's capture.
* [[Manjula (Kannada actress)|Manjula]] as Premavati
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Shadananasharma
* [[M. P. Shankar]] as Ranga Jetti
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]] as Kotwal
* [[Shakti Prasad]] as Narasimha datta / Jada
* [[Sampath (actor)|Sampath]] as Dantivarma
* [[Raja Shankar]] as Veerasharma
* [[Rajanand]] as King Shivaskandavarman
* [[Tiger Prabhakar]] as Cheluva, a wrestler
* [[H. Ramachandra Shastry|Ramachandra Shastri]] as Eeshabhatta, Mayurasharma's foster father
* Joker Shyam as Parameshwara

==Production==
Assistant director of the movie Bangalore Nagesh had revealed that Manjula had walked out of the sets without shooting the climax due to non-settlement of her remuneration - after which the shoot was completed using a junior artist without revealing the face of the character.<ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Kf1Ga2KteKs</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mayura
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|1975|8}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The soundtrack of ''Mayura'' consists of three tracks, all composed by [[G. K. Venkatesh]], with its lyrics written by [[Chi. Udayashankar]] and sung by P. B. Sreenivas, Rajkumar and [[S. Janaki]].<ref>[http://www.saregama.com/portal/pages/film?mode=get_album_info&albumId=2187 Saregama - Mayura]</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track # !! Song !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1 || ''Naaniruvude Nimagaagi'' || [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
|-
| 2 || ''Ee Mounava Taalenu'' || [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 3 || ''Hagalo Irulo'' || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 4 || ''Kelo manganna'' || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|}

==Legacy==
Mayuravarma is the earliest known native ruler to rule over areas which now form Karnataka.<ref name="brahmin">Kamath (2001), p. 30</ref> Before the rise of the Kadambas, the centers of power ruling the land were outside of the Karnataka region.<ref name="brahmin1">[[George M. Moraes|Moraes]] (1931), pp. 9-10</ref> But with the Kadambas' ascent to power, Kannada language and culture was brought into the mainstream and attained the status of majority, due to which Mayuravarma's reign, and his depiction in the film, is regarded with pride by present-day [[Kannadigas]].

==See also==
* [[List of Asian historical drama films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [[George M. Moraes]] (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990 {{ISBN|81-206-0595-0}}
* Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
* {{IMDb title|1416753}}

{{Vijay}}

[[Category:1975 films]]
[[Category:1975 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1975 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:1970s historical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films set in ancient India]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. K. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Films about outlaws]]
[[Category:1970s vigilante films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:1975 drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vijay (director)]]

Tiyaan

2026-03-03T20:35:39Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created new info.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tiyaan
| image = Tiyaan Movie Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jiyen Krishnakumar]]
| producer = Haneef Mohammed
| writer = [[Murali Gopy]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] [[Indrajith Sukumaran]]
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| narrator = ''[[Mohanlal]]''
| cinematography = [[Satheesh Kurup]]
| editing = [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]]
| studio = Red Rose Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|7|7}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget = {{INR}}9 [[crore]]<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/tiyaan-first-look-prithviraj-film-looks-intriguing-see-poster-4553769/ Tiyaan first look: Prithviraj film looks intriguing, see poster]. ''The Indian Express'' (4 March 2017). Retrieved on 18 July 2017.</ref>
| gross =
}}
''''' Tiyaan''''' ({{Literal translation|The Above Mentioned}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[socio-political]] [[action film|action thriller film]]<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tiyaan-movie-review-five-things-that-make-tiyaan-the-most-anticipated-film-of-mollywood-tiyaan-review/articleshow/59482803.cms Tiyaan Review: Five things that make Tiyaan the most anticipated film of Mollywood!]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (7 July 2017). Retrieved on 2018-08-17.</ref> written by [[Murali Gopy]] and directed by Jiyen Krishnakumar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/tiyaan-prithviraj-new-film-first-look-murali-gopy.html|title='Tiyaan' – Prithviraj's next to be penned by Murali Gopy stunning first look!|publisher=[[manoramaonline.com]]|date=3 June 2016 |accessdate=4 June 2016}}</ref> It features [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] and [[Indrajith Sukumaran]] in a [[double role|dual role]], with [[Murali Gopy]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]], [[Paris Laxmi]], [[Rahul Madhav]], [[Shine Tom Chacko]], [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]], [[Ranjeet]], [[John Kokken]] and [[Amit Tiwari]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/prithviraj-indrajith-join-hands-tiyaan-first-look-poster-out-photo-681213 |title=Prithviraj and Indrajith join hands for 'Tiyaan'; first-look poster out |publisher=ibtimes.co.in |date=3 June 2016 |accessdate=4 June 2016}}</ref> The film's music was composed by [[Gopi Sundar]]. The filming started on 27 July 2016 at [[Ramoji Film City]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref>Desk, Web. (29 July 2016) [http://www.skylarkpictures.in/prithvi-indrajith-film-tiyaan-shooting-started/ Prithvi-Indrajith film Tiyaan shooting started] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806115558/http://www.skylarkpictures.in/prithvi-indrajith-film-tiyaan-shooting-started/ |date=6 August 2018 }}. Skylarkpictures.in. Retrieved on 18 July 2017.</ref> Other locations included [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], and Nasik.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Prithviraj-is-Aslan-Indrajith-Pattabhiraman-in-Tiyaan/articleshow/52630234.cms|title=Prithviraj is Aslan, Indrajith Pattabhiraman in Tiyaan|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 June 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Indrajith-and-Prithviraj-start-shooting-together/articleshow/54016159.cms|title=Indrajith and Prithviraj start shooting together|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 September 2016 |accessdate=11 September 2016}}</ref> It was released on 7 July 2017 and received mixed reviews from critics.

==Plot==
Pattabhiraman Giri is a Malayali Brahmin teacher living in North India. He is ordered to leave his house by Mahashay Bhagavan, a godman for building his [[ashram]] and giving the surroundings for a land mafia. The house was built by followers of [[Adi Shankara]], ancestors of Giri by institution of a Chola king in North India. The house has a well, which has water throughout the year used by all of the villagers. Giri lives with his wife, Amba and daughter Arya teaching [[Sanskrit]] to aspirants. He is well respected as a [[pandit]].

Giri gets warned by an unknown middle aged man about the consequences he will have to face by going against the God man. However, he chooses to fight. He is asked to look upwards to the fire on the hill if he needs help. The Godman plays dirty and poisons Giri's daughter and she dies. Giri's own friends and supporters goes against him and joins the Godman fooled by his fake miracles.

Mahashay Bhagavan and his followers visits Giri at night asking him to leave. He says whomsoever has the guts to kill a Brahmin can take over his land. After many attempts the Godman and troops fail and leave. Giri and his house are attacked by men with guns. However, they are unable to bring any damage to the house. The Godman makes the attack is by maoists and thus Giri is forbidden from entering his house. He goes up to the hill in search of the unknown man but doesn't find him. He learns from Jameel that the unknown man is Jameel's brother Azlan Muhammed, who lived in Mumbai.

Azlan Muhammed was a well respected priest, who attacks and kills all kind of violence in his area. He is married to a [[Hindus|Hindu]] woman, Parineeti, and used to live happily fighting for his people. Azlan's sister, Jaseela was attacked by a rowdy with his brother, a don named Khan Sahib. The rowdy whips Jaseela and her lover in the streets and Azlan kills him. A money-greedy madman, Ramnath Gujjan, promises to kill Azlan and bring his head. With blessings from his Babaji, who is none other than Mahashay Bhagavan, Gujjan attacks Azlan and his people at night. Azlan's sister, wife and daughter are killed by taking bullets for Azlan. However, Azlan survives his wounds because his [[Dextrocardia|heart is on the other side]], alongside Jameel, and he killed Gujjan. Azlan leaves the place listening to a priest's advice without knowing where he is going. The Khan Sahib kills himself Azlan met him and said something, before leaving the place. When Azlan lay dehydrated and unconscious in the desert of an unknown land, a bunch of [[yogi]]s, who seek no manly pleasures, saves him. His pilgrimage with the yogis to different places showed him real values of life and wisdom. He walked out as a living weapon and stayed to fulfil his life purpose of [[dharma]].

A mother runs into the Ashram of Mahashay Bhagvan with the dead body of her daughter asking if he can bring her back to life (reference of [[Kisa Gotami]]'s story). She had fed her child with whatever the Godman had given her ignoring doctor's warnings. She brings the deadbody of the child to Giri who has been sitting outside Mahashay Bhagvan's ashram for days in an effort to meet him. Giri touches the dead body of the girl child and suddenly she comes back alive. People start to believe in him and ask for his blessings. This causes distress to the self proclaimed godman Mahashay Bhagvan as he starts to lose his power. The Godman's troops attacks Giri and Azlan makes an entrance. Giri fights back and wins them over single-handedly. He is astonished by his own powers and changes in him.
Mahashay secretly tries to meet Azlan at night. He is scared by the visions of Vasundara Devi ([[Padmapriya Janakiraman]]), whom he killed in greed of money and power.

The Godman decides to show his power in front of people because of the push from his investors. He asks Giri to show his powers and do whatever he is doing to prove his power. However, he gets a vision of Azlan who makes him weak and unable to perform his own fake magic. He burns himself unable to find his remote in the stampede paying for his own sins.
Baba and Giri has had recurrent dreams with two lookalikes about an ancient war of [[Battle of Raichur|Battle of Raichur 1520 A.D.]] It seems to be that in their fighting with two soldiers in Ramaraja-1 and Ramaraja-2 two lives they were brothers can helped each other at war.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] in a [[dual role]] as
** Azlan Muhammad aka Baba
** Ramaraja-2, [[Battle of Raichur|Battle of Raichur A.D. 1520]]
* [[Indrajith Sukumaran]] in a [[dual role]] as
** Pattabhiraman Giri
** Ramaraja-1, [[Battle of Raichur|Battle of Raichur A.D. 1520]]
* [[Murali Gopy]] as Remakant aka Mahashay Bhagavan
* [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]] as Amba
* Ravi Singh as Kushal Ghorpade
*Adesh S Nair as Dalith Boy
* Mridula Sathe as Parineeti Adve
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Jayanthan Nair
* [[Shine Tom Chacko]] as Jameel Askari
* [[Rahul Madhav]] as Anil Raghavan
* Nakshatra Indrajith as Arya Pattabhiraman Giri
* [[Manasa Radhakrishnan]] as Jaseela
* Rajat Mahajan as Vikram Singh Yadav
* [[Paris Laxmi]] as Ellen Richard<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Paris-Laxmi-to-speak-Sanskrit-in-Tiyaan/articleshow/53995092.cms|title=Paris Laxmi to speak Sanskrit in Tiyaan|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 September 2016 |accessdate=11 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[Padmapriya Janakiraman]] as Vasundhara Devi<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Padmapriya-to-speak-Hindi-in-her-comeback-movie/articleshow/53267237.cms|title=Padmapriya to speak Hindi in her comeback movie|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 July 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref>
* [[Amit Tiwari]] as Ramnath Gujjar
* Bhavika as North Indian mother
* [[Mohanlal]] as the narrator (voiceover)
* Laksmi Priya as Kowsalya
* Ashwin Mathew as News channel head
* [[Ranjeet]] as Khan Sahib
* [[John Kokken]] as Muthassim
* [[Sudipto Balav]] as R. C. Shukla
* Remya Panicker
{{colend}}

==Reception==
The film received mixed reviews. Sanjith Sidhardhan of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the movie (3.5/5) and wrote: "Murali delivers with an intense script packed with potent dialogues, not just in Malayalam but in Hindi and Sanskrit too. The initial half wraps a relevant take on the current religiopolitical scenario of the country as an entertainer set in a hamlet, inhabited by people of various sects, religions, and languages."<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/tiyaan/movie-review/59489888.cms Tiyaan Review {3.5/5}: The movie is a good one-time watch with a few great scenes]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (7 July 2017). Retrieved on 18 July 2017.</ref> In his review for [[manoramaonline.com]], G. Ragesh said "Be it the theme or the setting, Sukumaran-brothers starring Tiyaan is an attempt to explore lesser known terrains. The film, set in a sleepy and parched village in the Hindi heartland, addresses burning issues such as sale of divinity and associated crimes, and tries to go deeper in search of the soul of Indian spirituality".<ref>[http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2017/07/07/tiyaan-movie-review-prithviraj-indrajith-murali-gopy-malayalam.html Tiyaan review: in search of the unknown terrains | Tiyaan review | Tiyaan movie review | Prithviraj | Indrajith | Murali Gopy | Tiyaan release]. English.manoramaonline.com (7 July 2017). Retrieved on 18 July 2017.</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''The Indian Express'' rated the movie (2.5/5) and wrote: Unless you have a stomach for a drama told in a socio-political thriller format that unfolds with backstories in an extent of nearly 2 hours 50 minutes, you may not find Tiyaan entertaining.<ref>Kumar, Manoj [http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/tiyaan-movie-review-prithviraj-sukumaran-delivers-an-intense-drama-4740291/ Tiyaan movie review: Prithviraj Sukumaran delivers an intense drama]. ''The Indian Express'' (7 July 2017)</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of Film Companion South wrote "Tiyaan comes off like AR Murugadoss meets your average Telugu star vehicle, high-concept mumbo-jumbo fused with lowbrow pleasures. And that is valid reason for a film's being.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tiyaan-movie-review|title=Tiyaan Movie Review|work=[[Film Companion]]|date=11 July 2017}}</ref>

== Overseas Distribution ==
Josemon Simon took charge of the overseas distribution for the film ''Tiyaan''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|5780034}}

[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about Hinduism]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Murali Gopy]]
[[Category:2017 thriller films]]

Sarhad Paar

2026-03-03T12:00:40Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created new post.

{{Short description|2006 Indian Hindi language film by Raman Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sarhad Paar
| image = Sarhad Paar.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Raman Kumar
| producer = [[Goldie Tucker]]
| story =
| based_on =
| screenplay = [[Akash Khurana]] [[Robin Bhatt]]
| starring = [[Sanjay Dutt]] [[Chandrachur Singh]] [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] [[Mahima Chaudhry]]
| music = [[Anand Raj Anand]]
| cinematography = Manmohan Singh
| editing =
| studio = [[Nimbus Communications|Nimbus Motion Pictures]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2006|11|23||df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Sarhad Paar''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 2006|2006]] Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action drama]] film directed by Raman Kumar and produced by Goldie Tucker. The film stars [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Mahima Chaudhry]], [[Chandrachur Singh]] and [[Rahul Dev]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarhad Paar Cast & Crew|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508444|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205092402/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508444|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About Sarhad Paar|url=http://www.gomolo.com/sarhad-paar-movie/20677|publisher=Gomolo|access-date=14 February 2013|archive-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710071753/http://www.gomolo.com/sarhad-paar-movie/20677|url-status=dead}}</ref> The script was co-written by [[Akash Khurana]], who also plays a pivotal supporting character in the film.

==Story==
This story is about Ranjit Singh (Sanjay Dutt), who is a major in the Indian Army. One day Bakhtawar and his men attacked the Indian Army. Ranjit Singh and some army men cross the Indian border to kill them. But in a blast, all of them are killed, but Ranjit is saved. Ranjit is tortured to reveal classified information, but he does not succumb. In the process, Ranjit loses his memory. After that, 'Bade Miya' (Father of Bakhtawar) saves Ranjit. When Ranjit comes out of his illness, he decides to send Ranjit back to India. But on the other side, in Ranjit's home, Pummy (Tabu), Simran (Mahima Chaudhry), and his father wait for Ranjit. The Panchayat wants to erect a statue in honour of his death, but Pummy wants to avoid this. Pummy obtains information that Pakistan would be releasing some Indian soldiers. They also release Ranjit, but because of his loss of memory, he is unable to find his way home. The Indian army puts Ranjit in the hospital. Every day Ranjit's wife Pummy and his sister Simran go to the hospital. Pummy tries to remind him of their own story. It is learnt that Ranjit meets Pummy at the engagement of a friend Ravi (Chandra Chur Singh) and falls in love with her, but her uncle and aunty get her engaged to a bad man. Pummy escaped from him and went to Ranjit's home. He asks her to marry him, but Billa kidnaps Pummy, and then Ranjit cuts Billa's hand. After the end of the story, on the second day, Simran comes with a rakhee to tie on Ranjit. She requests the captain to give permission for them to go to the [[Gurdwara|Gurudwara]]. However, Bakhtawar plants bombs everywhere to spread crime. Ranjit knows Bakhtawar, and he goes to catch him. Both fight with each other, but Ravi shoots Ranjit's leg, and Bakhtawar manages to escape. Ranjit's lost memory comes back. To catch Bakhtawar, Ranjit decides to get Simran and Ravi married. Bakhtawar comes to kill Ranjit but fails. In the midst of all of this, Inspector Suraj dies. Ranjit arrests Bakhtawar. However, when an aeroplane is hijacked, the Indian army decides to release Bakhtawar in return for the hostages.

==Cast==
*[[Sanjay Dutt]] as Major Ranjit Singh ([[The Sikh Regiment]])
*[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] as Pammi
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]] as Simran Chaddha
*[[Chandrachur Singh]] as Ravi Brar
*[[Anjana Mumtaz]] as Ravi's mother
*[[Rahul Dev]] as Bakhtawar
*Rana Jang Bahadur as Terrorist
*[[Akash Khurana]] as Bade Miyan
*[[Pankaj Dheer]] as Inspector Suraj Brar, Ravi's Brother
*[[Sheela Sharma]] as Pankaj Dheer's Wife
*[[Raza Murad]] as Major General Ashwini Kumar
*[[Avtar Gill]] as [[Lt. Col.]] Kulwant Singh, [[Officer Commanding|OC]], (The Sikh Regiment)
*[[Rakesh Bedi]] as Dhola Singh
*[[Satyen Kappu]] as taya
*[[Ram Mohan]] as Sarpanch
*[[Vishwajeet Pradhan]] as Captain Hanif Bilal (The Sikh Regiment)
*[[Anang Desai]] as R.K. Gupta, Home Secretary
*[[Gopi Bhalla]]
*[[Fakhar-e-Alam]] as Major Javaid ([[Pakistan Army]])

==Music==
The music of the film is composed by [[Anand Raj Anand]] and lyrics are penned by Dev Kohli.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Aadha Sach"
| [[Sushma Shrestha|Poornima]]
|-
| 2
| "Ae Zindagi"
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Wadali Brothers
|-
| 3
| "Mere Rabba O Rabba Teri Mehrbaaniya"
| Anand Raj Anand, [[Jaspinder Narula]], Poornima
|-
| 4
| "Nit Khair Manga"
| Smriti
|-
| 5
| "Sona Chandi"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 6
| "Ae Zindagi (Reprise)"
| Wadali Brothers
|-
| 7
| "Teriyaan Mohabbataan"
| Anand Raj Anand
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0476861}}

[[Category:2006 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]

Warner Bros.

2026-03-03T08:43:32Z

CaraVanOtterloo: adjusted information also and added references for consistency

{{Short description|Brand and corporate history article}}
{{About|the brand and its corporate history|the modern entertainment corporation|Warner Bros. Entertainment|the now-independent music recording corporation|Warner Music Group}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}

[[File:Warner_Bros._Discovery_(symbol).svg|thumb|Logo used since 2023 by [[Warner Bros. Discovery]],<ref name="WBLogo">{{Cite web |last=Burgos |first=Matthew |date=May 4, 2023 |title=warner bros. logo gets a thicker, bolder, and sharper look from chermayeff & geismar & haviv |url=https://www.designboom.com/design/warner-bros-new-logo-chermayeff-geismar-haviv-05-04-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504233437/https://www.designboom.com/design/warner-bros-new-logo-chermayeff-geismar-haviv-05-04-2023/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |access-date=May 4, 2023 |website=[[Designboom]]}}</ref> the current corporate parent of [[Warner Bros. Entertainment]], which includes the longstanding [[Warner Bros. Pictures|film]] and [[Warner Bros. Television Studios|television studios]]]]
[[File:Warner_Music_Group_logo_(2021).svg|thumb|The logo of [[Warner Music Group]], which has been an independent company since 2004. It was one of several companies that were [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] by [[Time Warner]] in the mid-2000s but continued using the Warner name, but as of 2026 it is the only one to still do so.]]
'''Warner Bros.'''{{efn|Pronounced "''Warner Brothers''".<ref name="Thomson_Page_1">{{cite book |last=Thomson |first=David |author1-link=David Thomson (film critic) |title=Warner Bros: The Making of an American Movie Studio |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=9780300197600 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaYsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |access-date=August 17, 2023}}</ref> The abbreviated form is always used in writing, except when referring to the four Warner brothers themselves.<ref name="Gomery_Page_150">{{Cite book |last1=Gomery |first1=Douglas |authorlink1=Douglas Gomery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0PP2Gm8xNcC&pg=PA150 |title=Movie History: A Survey |last2=Pafort-Overduin |first2=Clara |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136835254 |edition=2nd |location=New York |page=150 |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409130025/https://books.google.com/books?id=s0PP2Gm8xNcC&pg=PA150 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is never read out loud as "Warner Bros" ([[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|-⁠BROHZ]] or similarly); the opening voiceover of ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]'' (2017) alludes to this common mistake.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2017 |title=The LEGO Batman Movie review: everything is awesome! |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a820489/lego-batman-movie-review-everything-is-awesome/ |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en}}</ref>}} is a brand name that has been used by several [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[mass media]] and [[outline of entertainment|entertainment]] companies and corporations, mostly based in the United States, with attributions to [[Warner Bros. Pictures]], [[major film studios|a major American film studio]] founded on April 4, 1923.

As of 2026, [[Warner Bros. Discovery]] owns the motion picture and television assets derived from the original Warner Bros. studio, while the latter's original recorded music arm, [[Warner Records]] (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records), now a flagship subsidiary of [[Warner Music Group]], has been independently owned since 2004. Several other former subsidiaries and divisions have been spun off or sold, but no longer use the Warner name.

== Historical overview ==
[[Early history of Warner Bros. Pictures|Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc.]] was founded on April 4, 1923, by the brothers [[Harry Warner|Harry]], [[Albert Warner|Albert]], [[Sam Warner|Sam]], and [[Jack L. Warner|Jack Warner]], replacing their previous company, Warner Features Company, founded in 1910.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warner Bros. |url=https://californiamuseum.org/inductee/warner-bros/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=California Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> Jack Warner took full control of the company in 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yogerst |first=Chris |date=2023-12-22 |title=When Warner Bros. First Left the Family: Betrayal and High Drama In a Classic Hollywood Megadeal |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/warner-brothers-sell-1956-1235768464/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> During this time, the company began activities in animation ([[Warner Bros. Cartoons]]), television ([[Warner Bros. Television Studios]])<ref name="history">{{cite web |title=Company History |url=https://www.warnerbros.com/studio/about/company-history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926073602/http://www.warnerbros.com/studio/about/company-history |archive-date=26 September 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 |publisher=warnerbros.com}}</ref> and music publishing ([[Warner Bros. Music]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Jack |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=xTzOB_MbMvgC}} |title=Hollywood be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story |last2=Sperling |first2=Cass Warner |last3=Millner |first3=Cork |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=1998 |isbn=0-8131-0958-2 |pages=147}}</ref>

[[Seven Arts Productions]] merged with Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. in 1967 to form [[Warner Bros.-Seven Arts]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-07-18 |title=Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, Ltd., Chooses Hyman as Chairman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/07/18/archives/warner-brosseven-arts-ltd-chooses-hyman-as-chairman.html |access-date=2025-11-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Kinney National Company]] then purchased Warner Bros.-Seven Arts in 1969<ref name="history" /> as part of a buying spree that also included [[National Periodical Publications]] (predecessor to [[DC Comics]]), Television Communications Corporation (predecessor to [[Time Warner Cable]]) and [[Paperback Library]] (predecessor to [[Hachette Book Group|Warner Books]]).<ref name="kinneytvc">{{cite news |last1=Hammer |first1=Alexander R. |date=November 23, 1971 |title=Kinney-TVC Terms Shift |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/23/archives/kinneytvc-terms-shift-kinneytvc-pact-on-link-changed.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> After [[National Kinney Corporation|spinning off]] its non-media assets, Kinney National Company was renamed Warner Communications, which merged with [[Time Inc.]] in 1990 to form [[Time Warner]].<ref name="history" />

In the mid-2000s, Time Warner spun off or sold several Warner-derived or branded divisions as independent companies, most notably [[Warner Music Group]] (which remains independent {{As of|2026|lc=y}})<ref name="kinneytvc"/> and Time Warner Cable (later acquired by [[Charter Communications]]),<ref name="kinneytvc"/> while Warner Books was sold to [[Hachette Livre]].<ref name="kinneytvc"/> During this time, Time Warner's film and television assets were incorporated into a new [[Warner Bros. Entertainment]] subsidiary on December 3, 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kobrin |first=Janet A. |date=2007-02-26 |title=Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. v. The Kaplan Trust: Declaration of Janet A. Kobrin |url=https://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/ttabvue-92043813-CAN-41.pdf#PAGE=20 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}}</ref>

Time Warner, much reduced in scope at this point, was [[acquisition of Time Warner by AT&T|acquired]] by [[AT&T]] on June 15, 2018, and renamed [[WarnerMedia]].<ref name="rebrand">{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2018 |title=Time Warner is changing its name to WarnerMedia; Turner CEO to depart |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/time-warner-is-changing-its-name-to-warnermedia-turner-ceo-to-depart.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320102836/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/time-warner-is-changing-its-name-to-warnermedia-turner-ceo-to-depart.html |archive-date=March 20, 2020 |access-date=June 15, 2018 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> AT&T then sold WarnerMedia to [[Discovery, Inc.]] to form [[Warner Bros. Discovery]] on April 8, 2022.<ref name="wbdlaunch">{{cite web |last=Maas |first=Jennifer |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Discovery Closes Acquisition of AT&T's WarnerMedia |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/discovery-warnermedia-merger-close-warner-bros-discovery-1235200983/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408211723/https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/discovery-warnermedia-merger-close-warner-bros-discovery-1235200983/ |archive-date=April 8, 2022 |access-date=April 8, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]}}</ref>

In February 2026, Netflix announced it would not raise its offer to acquire Warner Bros. Discovery, after the Warner Bros. board said a rival bid from [[Paramount Skydance]] was “superior,” effectively ending Netflix’s bid and clearing the way for Paramount to pursue its deal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Netflix declines to raise offer for Warner Bros. Discovery |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2026/02/26/netflix-declines-to-raise-offer-for-warner-bros-discovery.html |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

== List of entities derived from Warner Bros. ==
The following entities have used the Warner name and have been derived from or affiliated with the original Warner Bros. Pictures studio.

The film studio:

* [[Early history of Warner Bros. Pictures]] (1923–1967)
* [[Warner Bros.-Seven Arts]] (1967–1969)
* [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] (1969–present)

Animation studios:

* [[Warner Bros. Cartoons]] (1929–1963)
* [[Warner Bros. Animation]] (1980–present)
* [[Warner Bros. Pictures Animation]] (2013–present)
Television studio:

* [[Warner Bros. Television Studios]] (1955–present)

Corporate parents:

* [[WarnerMedia]], previously known as Warner Communications, Time Warner, Time Warner Entertainment and AOL Time Warner (1972–2022)
* [[Warner Bros. Discovery]] (2022–present)
* [[Warner Bros. Entertainment]] (subsidiary corporation, 2002–present)

Subsidiaries that were spun off:

* [[Warner Music Group]]
** [[Warner Records]], previously known as Warner Bros. Records
** [[Warner Chappell Music]]
* [[Time Warner Cable]]
* [[TW Telecom|Time Warner Telecom]]
* [[Hachette Book Group|Warner Books]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Set index article}}

[[Category:Warner Bros.|*]]

Villu Pattukaran

2026-03-03T04:58:32Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created new post

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Villu Pattukaran.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| writer = Gangai Amaran
| producer = Karumari Kandasamy J. Durai
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ramarajan]]|[[Rani (Tamil actress)|Rani]]|[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]]}}
| cinematography = A. Sabapathy
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Vijaya Movies
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1992|11|27}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Villu Pattukaran''''' ({{IPA|ta|ʋillu paːʈʈukaːɾan|pron}} {{translation|The [[Villu Paatu]] singer}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[Gangai Amaran]]. The film stars [[Ramarajan]], [[Rani (Tamil actress)|Rani]] and [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]]. It was released on 27 November 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=வில்லு பாட்டுக்காரன் / Villu Pattukaran (1992) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/villu-pattukaran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111140727/https://screen4screen.com/movies/villu-pattukaran |archive-date=11 November 2021 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=villu pattukkaran ( 1992 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=villu%20pattukkaran |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815073739/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=villu%20pattukkaran |archive-date=15 August 2007 |access-date=17 April 2014 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=April 2022}}
Kalimuthu is the lead singer of a group performing [[Villu Paatu]]. The village head decides to reconstruct the tumbledown village temple and gives Kalimuthu the funding responsibility. Finally, the music composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] helps them financially. Then, Kalimuthu approaches a reputed sculptor from another village. The sculptor and his daughter Abhirami come to their village. Later, Kalimuthu and Abhirami fall in love with each other. Abhirami's father wants to marry Abhirami to his nephew Rajasekharan while the village head's son Chelladurai (Vikas Rishi), a womaniser, has his eyes on Abhirami. What transpires later forms the crux of the story.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ramarajan]] as Kalimuthu
*[[Rani (Tamil actress)|Rani]] as Abhirami
*[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]] as Inspector Rajasekharan
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as Abhirami Grandfather
*Vikas Rishi as Chelladurai
*[[Goundamani]] as Appakannu
*[[Senthil]] as Thangappan
*[[Kuladeivam Rajagopal]]
*[[Shanmugasundaram]]
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Kalimuthu's mother
*Vaani as Kamachi
*Vijayadurga
*[[Karuppu Subbiah]]
*Thirupur Ramasamy
*[[Kullamani]]
*[[R. K. (actor)|R. K.]] as Inspector
*[[Ilaiyaraaja]] in a cameo appearance
*[[Gangai Amaran]] in a cameo appearance
*[[Rajkiran]] in a cameo appearance
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1992 |title=Villu Pattukaran (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/villu-pattukaran-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1189614509 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426083505/https://music.apple.com/in/album/villu-pattukaran-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1189614509 |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> The song "Ponnil Vaanam" is set to the raga [[Khamas (raga)|Khamas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |pages=153 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"

! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration
|-
| "Kalaivaniyo Raniyo"|| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 5:04
|-
| "Ponnil Vaanam" || [[S. Janaki]] || rowspan="3" | [[Gangai Amaran]]|| 4:29
|-
| "Sakthi Bhagavati" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], 'Kuladeivam' Rajagopal || 2:31
|-
| "Solai Malai Ooram" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki || 4:52
|-
| "Thandhen Thandhen" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || Vaali || 4:33
|-
| "Vaanam Ennum" || [[K. S. Chithra]] || Gangai Amaran || 4:57
|}

== Critical reception ==
Ayyappa Prasad of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' stated that the film "has a very weak storyline" but praised the songs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Ayyappa |date=4 December 1992 |title=Another patu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19921204&printsec=frontpage |access-date=17 April 2014 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Gangai Amaran}}

[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:1992 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1992 drama films]]
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:Films about singers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gangai Amaran]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pongi Ezhu Manohara

2026-03-03T03:34:00Z

CaraVanOtterloo: new

{{Short description|2015 Indian film by Ramesh Rangasamy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pongi Ezhu Manohara
| image = Pongi Ezhu Manohara.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Ramesh Rangasamy
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]]
*Archana
*[[Arundhati Nair]]
*[[Singampuli]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = CJ Rajkumar
| editing = Athiappan Siva
| music = [[Kannan (music director)|Kannan]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|2|6}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}'''''Pongi Ezhu Manohara''''' ({{Translation|Boil and rise, Manohara!}}) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[drama film]] directed by Ramesh Rangasamy and starring [[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]], Archana, newcomer [[Arundhati Nair]] and [[Singampuli]].

== Plot synopsis ==
Manohara, a young man who is a milk vendor, faces various struggles in life after a series of events nearly ruin his family. His life further changes when he discovers about a secret.

== Cast ==
*[[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]] as Manohara
*Archana as Thenmozhi
*[[Arundhati Nair]] as Anandi
*[[Singampuli]] as Mani
*[[Sampath Ram]] as Manohara's father

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by [[Kannan (composer)|Kannan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Ponge Ezhu Manohara |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/ponge-ezhu-manohara/z1rQx4ZeoZg_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704141654/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/ponge-ezhu-manohara/z1rQx4ZeoZg_ |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Naan Mazhaiyil
| extra1 = Master Teja
| lyrics1 = Annamalai
| length1 = 2:44
| title2 = Naan Mazhaiyil
| extra2 = S. A. Paranthaman
| lyrics2 = Annamalai
| note2 = Male
| length2 = 2:44
| title3 = Ullae Ullae
| extra3 = [[Velmurugan]]
| lyrics3 = Ramesh Rangasamy
| length3 = 3:57
| title4 = Nada Nadanu
| extra4 = Santhosh
| lyrics4 = Ramesh Rangasamy
| length4 = 4:29
| title5 = Kaanaang Kuruvi
| extra5 = Koushik, Thilaga
| lyrics5 = Annamalai
| length5 = 3:42
| title6 = Maanu Vettai
| extra6 = Prabhu Pazhaniammal
| lyrics6 = Ramesh Rangasamy
| length6 = 3:46
| total_length = 21:22
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film's release was initially scheduled to release on 12 December 2014 postponed to 30 January 2015 and eventually released in February.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2014 |title=பொங்கி எழு மனோகரா ஜனவரி 30க்கு தள்ளிப்போனது! | Pongi Elu Manohara release postponed Jan 30 |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/24849/cinema/Kollywood/Pongi-Elu-Manohara-release-postponed-Jan-30.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501113230/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/24849/cinema/Kollywood/Pongi-Elu-Manohara-release-postponed-Jan-30.htm |archive-date=1 May 2022 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "It's a lacklustre screenplay and an insipid narration. At times it gives one the feeling of watching a mediocre TV serial, that which never seemed to end. It is low-down comedy, a noisy affair lacking finesse".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malini Mannath |date=7 February 2015 |title=A Noisy Affair Lacking Finesse |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/feb/07/a-noisy-affair-lacking-finesse-714375.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810082141/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/feb/07/A-Noisy-Affair-Lacking-Finesse-714375.html |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' criticised Ramesh Rangasamy's direction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2015 |title=பொங்கி எழு மனோகரா |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1536 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810082227/https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1536 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Vandhana of ''Silverscreen India'' wrote that "Pongi Ezhu Manohara could have been an impactful film. Instead, it is an example of how a movie, especially one based on real life, and with so much potential for drama, can become a half-baked mess".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vandhana |date=7 February 2015 |title=Pongi Ezhu Manohara Review: Brewing Mess |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/reviews/pongi-ezhu-manohara-review-brewing-mess/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810114143/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/reviews/pongi-ezhu-manohara-review-brewing-mess/ |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=Silverscreen India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|6444022}}

[[Category:2015 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]

Sagakkal

2026-03-03T03:23:14Z

CaraVanOtterloo: general fix lead to improve readability and improved wording

{{short description|2011 film by L. Muthukumaraswamy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sagakkal
| image = Sagakkal poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = L. Muthukumaraswamy
| producer = V. V. V. Creations
| writer = L. Muthukumaraswamy Bhaskar Sakthi (dialogues)
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sanjeev Karthick|Sanjeev]]|[[Advaitha (Tamil actress)|Advaitha]]}}
| music = Thayarathnam
| cinematography = Sri M. Azhagappan
| editing = [[A. L. Ramesh]]
| distributor =
| studio = V. V. V. Creations
| released = {{Film date|2011|08|12|df=y}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Sagakkal''''' ({{Translation|Friends}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[romantic drama film]] directed by L. Muthukumaraswamy. The film stars [[Sanjeev Karthick|Sanjeev]] and [[Advaitha (Tamil actress)|Advaitha]], with Shankar, Enamala Shiva Shankar, [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]], [[Senthi Kumari]], Sujatha Panju, [[M. Bhanumathi]], and Pon Radha playing supporting roles. The film, produced by V. V. V. Creations, had musical score by Thayarathnam and was released on 12 August 2011.

==Plot==
In a remote village, Mahi is an ambitious football player who aspires to work for [[Indian Railways]] on sports quota, and he lives with his widowed mother. His best friends Meiyyar and Balu often tease Mahi for being single, while Mahi hates people who are in love. One day, Mahi falls in love with Devasena at first sight. Devasena is from a wealthy and respected family. Mahi starts to tell lies about his love matter to his friends. Later, Mahi and his friends go on a pilgrimage to [[Palani Murugan temple]], and Devasena is also part of the pilgrimage, but Mahi is unable to convey his love. When Devasena learns of Mahi loving her and lying about their love to his friends, she scolds him. Mahi, in turn, tells Devasena that his love is pure and sincerely loves her. One day, Devasena's father Varadhan is stabbed by his relative, and Mahi takes him to the hospital, thus saving his life. Devasena thanks him for saving her father. Devasena, who slowly fell in love with Mahi, agrees to marry him but only with the approval of her family. Meanwhile, Varadhan finds her a groom. Mahi and Devasena decide to elope and to get married with the help of Meiyyar and Balu. Devasena then feels bad not telling anything to her father, so she calls him and convinces him to unite them. Unfortunately, Devasena meets with an accident and dies at the hospital. Her family scolds Mahi, and a heartbroken Mahi dies on the spot.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Sanjeev Karthick|Sanjeev]] as Mahi
*[[Advaitha (Tamil actress)|Advaitha]] as Devasena
*Shankar as Meiyyar
*Enamala Shiva Shankar as Balu
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Varadhan
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]
*[[Senthi Kumari]] as Mahi's mother
*Sujatha Panju as Devasena's mother
*[[M. Bhanumathi]] as Devasena's grandmother
*Pon Radha as Pon
*Neepa as Gayathri
*[[Vengal Rao]] as Devotee
*L. Muthukumaraswamy as Varadhan's relative
*Hello Kandasamy as Bathroom Owner
*Pattiveeranpatti Meenakshi
{{colend}}

==Production==
L. Muthukumaraswamy, who worked as an assistant director for [[Thirumurugan (director)|Thirumurugan]], made his directorial debut with ''Sagakkal'' under the banner of V. V. V. Creations. [[Sanjeev Karthick|Sanjeev]] was cast to play the hero while [[Advaitha (Tamil actress)|Advaitha]] was chosen to play the role of the love interest. The music was composed by Thayarathnam, the cinematography was by Sri M. Azhagappan and the dialogues were by Bhaskar Sakthi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2012/mar/03/krithi-shetty-gets-talking-345524.html|title=Krithi Shetty gets talking|date=3 March 2012|accessdate=4 August 2020|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/news/Feb2011/when-spb-chitra-moved-to-tears.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127070030/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/news/Feb2011/when-spb-chitra-moved-to-tears.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 January 2023|title=When SPB, Chitra moved to tears|date=3 March 2012|accessdate=4 August 2020|publisher=[[Lakshman Sruthi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=859&id1=39&issue=20111010|title=காஜலின் கண்கள்|date=10 October 2011|accessdate=4 August 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Kajal's eyes|publisher=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kathir/2011/feb/20/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88-314585.html|title=சகாக்களின் யாத்திரை!|date=20 February 2011|accessdate=4 August 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Yatra in Sagakkal|newspaper=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Sagakkal
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = Thayarathnam
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2011
| recorded = 2011
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 30:23
| label = Life Media Pvt Ltd
| producer = Thayarathnam
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by Thayarathnam. The soundtrack, released in 2011, features 6 tracks with lyrics written by [[Yugabharathi]] and Thayarathnam.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mio.to/album/Sagakkal+(2014)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101231413/http://mio.to/album/Sagakkal+(2014)|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 November 2014|title=Sagakkal Songs|access-date=4 August 2020|publisher=MusicIndiaOnline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sagakkal/HU-5ooDq9z8_|title=Sagakkal Songs|accessdate=4 August 2020|publisher=jiosaavn.com}}</ref>

{{track listing|
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|headline=Tracklist
|total_length=30:23
|title1=Aaru Padayappaa|extra1=[[Haricharan]], [[Mukesh Mohamed]]|length1=4:52
|title2=Ithu Varaiyil|extra2=[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]|length2=5:07
|title3=Kandaangi Selai|extra3=[[Ananthu (singer)|Ananthu]], [[Suchitra]]|length3=5:32
|title4=Nee Enna Ninaikkiriyaah|extra4=[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Srimathumitha]]|length4=5:41
|title5=Vilaiyaattaa|extra5=Ranjith, [[Mukesh Mohamed]]|length5=4:35
|title6=Yaarantha Pennavalo|extra6=[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]|length6=4:36
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 12 August 2011 alongside five other films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-august-12-news-tamil-limkmbifjjf.html|title=Friday Fury - August 12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327092529/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-august-12-news-tamil-limkmbifjjf.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|accessdate=4 August 2020|website=[[Sify]]|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

A critic rated the film 0.5 out of 5 and said, "The movie has an amateurish look and feel. Cinematography is a letdown and songs are just about okay. Director Muthukumarasamy must tune his direction to suit to the sensibilities of the target audience. Otherwise, his product will be stuck in the middle for want of audience".{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2011 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2011 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Kannagi (2023 film)

2026-03-03T02:30:58Z

CaraVanOtterloo: added initial entry from scratch.

{{short description|2023 film by Yashwanth Kishore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kannagi
| image = Kannagi (2023 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Yashwanth Kishore
| writer = Yashwanth Kishore
| producer = M Ganesh J Dhanush
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Keerthi Pandian]]
* [[Ammu Abhirami]]
* [[Vidya Pradeep]]
* [[Shaalin Zoya]]
}}
| cinematography = Ramji
| editing = K.Sarath Kumar
| music = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| studio = Sky Moon Entertainment and E5 Entertainment
| distributor = Sakthi Film Factory
| released = {{Film date|2023|12|14|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}
'''''Kannagi''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Yashwanth Kishore in his directorial debut and produced by M.Ganesh and J.Dhanush under the production banners Sky Moon Entertainment and E5 Entertainment. The film stars [[Keerthi Pandian]] in the titular role with [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Vidya Pradeep]] and [[Shaalin Zoya]]. The film features music composed by [[Shaan Rahman]] with cinematography handled by [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]] and editing done by K.Sarath Kumar. The story follows Four women whose lives are dominated, crafted, and judged by society and affected, changed and disturbed by external influences.

== Plot ==
The film's theme is about issues faced by women in today's [[India]]n society.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=DTNEXT |date=2023-01-19 |title=Every woman will connect with Kannagi: Yashwanth Kishore |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2023/01/19/every-woman-will-connect-with-kannagi-yashwanth-kishore |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203030824/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2023/01/19/every-woman-will-connect-with-kannagi-yashwanth-kishore |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref> Four women whose lives are dominated, crafted, and judged by society and affected, changed and disturbed by external influences.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Keerthi Pandian]] as Gita
* [[Ammu Abhirami]] as Kalai
* [[Vidya Pradeep]] as Nethra
* [[Shaalin Zoya]] as Nadhi
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Kannagi's father
* Vetri MV as Sasi
* Adhesh Sudhakar as Abhiroop
* [[Mounika]] as Sarala, Kannagi's mother
* Yashwanth Kishore as G. P. Yashwanth Kishore
* Kothandam as Kannagi's [[Sait clan|Sait]] uncle
* [[Rethika Srinivas]] as Lawyer
* Pandian as Judge
* Srilekha Rajendran as Sasi's mother
* Junga Paati as Kannagi's grandmother
* Nakkalaites Sreeja as Sri, Kannagi's cousin
* Nakkalaites Meena, Kannagi's aunt
* Nakkalaites Manoj, Sasi's friend
* Nakkalaites Mithra as Kannagi's friend
}}

== Production ==

The film was announced on 17 August 2021 with reveal of the first look and title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2021 |title=First look of Keerthi Pandian's 'Kannagi' out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/aug/17/first-look-of-keerthipandians-kannagiout-2345590.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908094201/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/aug/17/first-look-of-keerthipandians-kannagiout-2345590.html |archive-date=8 September 2021 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Filming commenced in 2021.The trailer was released on 2 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Trailer of Keerthi Pandian's Kannagi to arrive on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/dec/01/trailer-of-keerthi-pandians-kannagi-to-arrive-on-this-date-50049.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203030836/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/dec/01/trailer-of-keerthi-pandians-kannagi-to-arrive-on-this-date-50049.html |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kannagi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| prev_title = [[King of Kotha]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = Neymar
| next_year = 2023
| misc = {{singles
| name = Kannagi
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Goppurane
| single1date = 16 January 2023
| single2 = Idhuvellam Mayakama
| single2date = 29 November 2023
}}
}}

The music of the film was composed by Shaan Rahman with lyrics by Karthik Netha.The first single <nowiki>''Goppurane''</nowiki> was released on 16 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TeamIH |date=2023-01-17 |title=Lyric video of Kannagi 1st single 'Goppurane' that focuses on the phenomenon of female gaze out now |url=https://industryhit.com/t/lyric-video-of-kannagi-1st-single-goppurane-that-focuses-on-the-phenomenon-of-female-gaze-out-now/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203030837/https://industryhit.com/t/lyric-video-of-kannagi-1st-single-goppurane-that-focuses-on-the-phenomenon-of-female-gaze-out-now/ |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=IndustryHit.Com |language=en-US}}</ref> The second single <nowiki>''Idhuvellam Mayakama''</nowiki> was released on 29 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2023 |title=Idhuvellaam Mayakama song from Kannagi out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/nov/30/idhuvellaam-mayakama-song-from-kannagi-out-49992.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203030838/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/nov/30/idhuvellaam-mayakama-song-from-kannagi-out-49992.html |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| all_writing = Karthik Netha
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Goppurane
| length1 = 4:56
| lyrics1 = Karthik Netha
| extra1 = [[Super Singer 10|Srinidhi Sriprakash]]
| title2 = Idhuvellam Mayakama
| length2 = 4:25
| lyrics2 = Karthik Netha
| extra2 = Gowri Lekshmi Shaan Rahman
| title3 =
| length3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 =
| title4 =
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 =
| total_length = 9:21
}}

== Release ==

The film was released on 14 December 2023.

== Reception ==
{{Anchor|Critical response}}

Janani K of ''[[Indiatoday.in]]'' gave 1.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "The way the four stories converge at a point in 'Kannagi' during the climax didn't pay off well either. It is done in a manner that could leave the audience confused."<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2023 |title='Kannagi' Review: Keerthi Pandian, Ammu Abhirami's film is a convoluted mess |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kannagi-review-keerthi-pandian-ammu-abhiramis-film-is-a-convoluted-mess-2475927-2023-12-14 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Anusha Sundar of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote that "All the minute details finally lead up to the “twist”, which becomes the mother of all inconsistencies of ''Kannagi''."<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Kannagi Movie Review: Good intentions fail to save this film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/dec/15/kannagi-movie-review-good-intentions-fail-to-save-this-film-50401.html |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt13899570}}

[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
{{improve categories|date=December 2023}}

Prathyusha

2026-02-19T20:55:46Z

CaraVanOtterloo: new

{{Short description|Indian actress (1981-2002)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{For|people with similar first names|Pratyusha}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prathyusha
| image = Prathyusha.jpg
| birth_date = 29 August 1981
| birth_place = [[Bhongir]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|02|23|1981|08|29}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1998–2002
| occupation = Actress
| website = {{url|prathyusha.org}}
}}

'''Prathyusha''' (29 August 1981 – 23 February 2002) was an Indian actress who appeared in [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] language films. She debuted in 1998 and acted in 12 films in 4 years in three languages. Her Last Release was in 2002.

==Early life and film career==
Pratyusha was born in [[Bhuvanagiri, Telangana|Bhuvanagiri]] of present-day [[Telangana]] into a middle-class family. Her mother, Mrs. Sarojini Devi, is a government school teacher. Her brother is Praneet Chandra (also known as Krishna Chandra).

Pratyusha was schooled at Santosh Vidhya Niketan, Bhuvanagiri, Prakash Public School, Miryalaguda and later at St. Anns High School, Tarnaka, Hyderabad.

Pratyusha completed her intermediate from Gouthami Residential Academy, S.R.Nagar and graduation in Bachelor of Hotel Management at Banjara Hills and JB Institute of Hotel Management.

Pratyusha participated in Television Star 2000 Contest and was crowned Ms. Lovely Smile. Her success in the contest paved way to enter the film world. She had signed for a [[Kannada]] film before she died. Her Telugu film ''Idemi Oorura Babu'' was also not released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/coming/idem.html|title=Movie Preview - Idem Voorandi Babu|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

Pratyusha's final release was the 2004 [[Tamil language]] movie ''[[Sound Party]]'', for which she received positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/13/stories/2004081301930300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040814234358/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/13/stories/2004081301930300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 August 2004 |title=Sound Party |date=13 August 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=5 August 2012}}</ref>

==Death==
Prathyusha died on 22 February 2002 after allegedly attempting suicide by consuming poison along with her friend Siddharth, reportedly because their marriage proposal was rejected by family members. Some reports suggest it was a murder. Pratyusha died while undergoing treatment at Care Hospital, while Siddartha recovered. The case was widely discussed in the media and attracted public attention as some leaders of then ruling party were involved in this case. the suspicion of murder arose on Siddhartha, and after a forensic expert opined that the cause of her death was 'asphyxia due to manual strangulation'.<ref>{{cite web |author=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-06/hyderabad/27122940_1_pratyusha-case-film-actress-pratyusha-cid-officials |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111111950/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-06/hyderabad/27122940_1_pratyusha-case-film-actress-pratyusha-cid-officials |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2013 |title=Pratyusha case travels at a snail's pace |date=6 March 2002 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=5 August 2012}}</ref> The report was referred to Professor T D Dogra, an eminent forensic expert and Head of Forensic Division, at All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2002/11/07/stories/2002110707050300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229172235/http://www.thehindu.com/2002/11/07/stories/2002110707050300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 December 2009 |title=Pratyusha committed suicide, says CBI |date=7 November 2002 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=30 January 2013}}</ref> The doctor's report was then found to be faulty.<ref>{{cite web |author=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-14/hyderabad/27108835_1_film-actress-pratyusha-muniswamy-strangulation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111114327/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-14/hyderabad/27108835_1_film-actress-pratyusha-muniswamy-strangulation |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2013 |title='Doctor's report on actress death faulty' |date=14 March 2002 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=5 August 2012}}</ref> In 2004, Siddhartha was sentenced to five years' imprisonment<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-24/hyderabad/28340945_1_pratyusha-imprisonment-reddy-family |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821005133/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-24/hyderabad/28340945_1_pratyusha-imprisonment-reddy-family |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 August 2011 |title=Pratyusha murder case accused gets 6-yr jail term |date=24 February 2004 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref> and to pay a fine of [[Indian Rupees|₹6,000]] as he was found guilty of attempting suicide and abetting Pratyusha's suicide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/24/stories/2004022408400100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040313045058/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/24/stories/2004022408400100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 March 2004 |title=Pratyusha case: childhood friend Siddhartha convicted |date=24 February 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=5 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu actress death: SC dismisses convict’s plea, directs him to surrender |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/telugu-actress-death-sc-dismisses-convicts-plea-directs-him-to-surrender/amp/?utm=relatedarticles |website=The Tribune |access-date=17 February 2026 |language=en-in}}</ref>

After her death, her mother started a charity in her name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prathyusha.org |title=.:: Prathyusha Charitable Trust(PCT) ::. |author=ns }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1998
| ''[[Raayudu (1998 film)|Raayudu]]''
| Rani
| rowspan="3"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Telugu debut
|-
| ''[[Sri Ramulayya]]''
| Mutyaalu
|
|-
|1999
| ''[[Samudram (1999 film)|Samudram]]''
| Chanti
|
|-
| 2000
|''[[Manu Needhi]]''
| Poongodi
| rowspan="2"|Tamil
|Tamil Debut
|-
| rowspan="5"|2001
| ''[[Super Kudumbam]]''
| Abirami
|
|-
| ''[[Snehamante Idera]]''
| Amrita
| Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Ponnana Neram]]''
| Pooja
| rowspan="3"|Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Thavasi]]''
| Nandhini
|
|-
| ''[[Kadal Pookkal]]''
| Uppili
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Kalusukovalani]]''
| Madhavi
| Telugu
|
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Sound Party]]''
| Nandhini
| Tamil
|[[wikt:posthumous|Posthumous]] release
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official}}
* {{IMDb name|4119079}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prathyusha}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:People from Nalgonda district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Telangana]]
[[Category:2002 suicides]]
[[Category:Suicides in India]]
[[Category:Suicides by poison]]
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]

Taraknath temple

2026-02-17T11:39:00Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created a place.

{{Short description|Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva in Tarakeswar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Taraknath Temple
| image = Babataraknathtemple.jpg
| caption = Temple of Taraknath with Dudhpukur pond in the foreground, picture taken from Hanuman Ghat
| map_type = India West Bengal
| map_caption =
| native_name = তারকেশ্বর মন্দির
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Hooghly District| Hooghly]]
| location = [[Tarakeswar]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Hindu architecture|Hindu temple architecture]]
| website =
| founded_by = Raja Bharamalla Rao
|coordinates = {{coord|22.8854|88.0176|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
}}

The '''Taraknath temple''', dedicated to the [[Hindu]] god [[Shiva]] worshiped as [[Tarakeshwara|Tarakanatha]], is a major pilgrimage spot in the town of [[Tarakeswar]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. Built in 1729, the temple is an ''[[At-chala|atchala]]'' structure of [[Bengal_architecture#West_Bengal_terra_cotta_temple_architecture|Bengal temple architecture]] with a 'natmandir' in front. Close by are the shrines of [[Kali]] and [[Lakshmi Narayan]]. Dudhpukur, a tank to the north of the Shiva temple is believed to fulfil the prayers of those taking a dip in it.<ref name=out>{{cite news |title=TARAKESHWAR: Shivaratri: Night Of The Lord, Destroyer Of Evil |url=http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destination.aspx?id=444 |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook Traveller]] |access-date=10 June 2012 |archive-date=30 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130224434/http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destination.aspx?id=444 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is also considered one of the 64 [[Jyotirlinga]] according to Shiv Puran.

Baba Taraknath also known as Baba Tarakeshwar or Baba Tarakeshwarnath. He is a violent (Ugra) form of Lord Shiva who drank venom (Vish) during [[Samudra-manthana|Samudra-manthan]].
Tarakeshwarnath is the husband of Bhagwati Tara. His shivalinga is also situated in Bengal, a few kilometres away from Tarapith. He grants his devotees a good health and life from which anything can be achieved.
It is said that those who are true devotees of Tara and Tarak, Bhagwati Tara breastfeeds that devotee and then the devotee attains moksha or salvation.

Dress Code for Entry:
Males of all ages must mandatorily remove their shirts and vests and need to enter temple with bare upper body. They are not allowed to wear any kind of clothes above their waist.

==Legends==
As per local legends, the temple was built by Raja Bharamalla Rao{{cn|date=December 2022}} to discover a [[Linga]] in the jungles near [[Tarakeswar]]. The temple was later built around the ''[[Swayambhu|swayambhu linga]]'' (self-manifested) referred as ''Baba Taraknath'' in 1729 AD.<ref name=out/><ref>[http://www.indiaunveiled.in/destination/tarakeshwar-temple Tarakeshwar Temple]</ref>

==Dress Code==
Men must enter the sanctum sanctorum shirtless after completely removing their shirts and vests prior to entry. The priests at the temple entrance shouts “ছেলেরা পুরো খালি গায়ে, জামা গেঞ্জি সব খুলে ঢুকবেন” which roughly translates to “Men should be completely bare chested, remove all your shirts and vests before entry”

==Festivities==
Pilgrims visit the temple throughout the year, especially on Mondays. But thousands of pilgrims visit Tarakeswar on the occasions of '[[Shivaratri]]' and '[[Gajan (festival)|Gajan]]', the former taking place in [[Phalgun]] (Feb-March) while the latter lasts for five days ending on the last day of [[Chaitra]] (mid-April). The month of [[Shraavana|Sravana]] (mid-July to mid-August) is auspicious for Shiva when celebrations are held n each Monday.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons Category}}
* [http://wikimapia.org/1893707/Taraknath-s-Temple Taraknath Temple] [[wikimapia]]

{{Hindu temples in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:18th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hooghly district]]

List of institutions of higher education in Andhra Pradesh

2026-02-15T18:49:17Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2012}}

In [[Andhra Pradesh]] there are 3 central universities, 19 central autonomous Institutions, 28 state universities, 7 deemed universities and 14 state private universities

== Central universities ==
{{Srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"
|+
!Universities
!Location
!Established
!Specialization
!Sources
|-
|[[Central University of Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Anantapuram]]
| 2018
| General
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/transit-campus-of-central-university-inaugurated/article24610092.ece|title=Transit campus of Central University inaugurated|work=The Hindu|date=6 August 2018|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Vizianagaram]]
|2019
|General
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Centre Approves Tribal University in Andhra Pradesh|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/centre-approves-tribal-university-in-andhra-pradesh-1945388|access-date=10 November 2018|publisher=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AP Govt allots 526 acres of land for Tribal University in Kothavalasa|date=12 November 2018|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-11-12/AP-Govt-allots-526-acres-of-land-for-Tribal-University-in-Kothavalasa/440462|access-date=12 November 2018|publisher=The Hans India}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Sanskrit University]]
| [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]
| 1956 (1989{{Dagger}})
| [[Sanskrit]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://nsktu.ac.in/index.php/profile/ |title=Profile :: National Sanskrit University}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Central institutions (autonomous institutions) ==
{{Srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"
|+
!Universities
!Location
!Established
!Specialization
|-
|[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]
|[[Mangalagiri]]
|2018
|[[Healthcare science|Health care]]
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam|Indian Institute of Management]]
|[[Visakhapatnam]]
|2015
|[[Management]]
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati|Indian Institute of Technology]]
|[[Tirupati]]
| 2015
|[[Technology]]
|-
| [[Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool|Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing]]
|[[Kurnool]]
|2015
|Technology
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City|Indian Institute of Information Technology]]
| [[Sri City]]
|2013
|Technology
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy]]
|[[Visakhapatnam]]
|2016
|R&D in the Hydro Carbon
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati|Indian Institute of Science Education and Research]]
|[[Tirupati]]
|2015
|Science
|-
| [[Indian Maritime University|Indian Maritime University – Visakhapatnam Campus]]
|[[Visakhapatnam]]
|2008
|[[Naval Architecture]]
|-
| [[National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Tadepalligudem]]
|2015
|Technology
|-
|[[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]]
|[[Visakhapatnam]]
|2015
| General
|-
|[[School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada]]
| [[Vijayawada]]
|2008
| Planning, Architecture
|-
|[[National Institute of Design, Andhra Pradesh|National Institute of Design]]
|[[Amaravati]]
|2015
|Design
|-
|[[Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati]]
|[[Tirupati]]
|2016
|BBA–Culinary
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Packaging]] (not started)
|[[Visakhapatnam]] (not started)
|2018
|Packaging
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]]<ref>https://www.iift.ac.in/iift/iiftkakinada.php</ref>
|[[Kakinada]]
|2018
|MBA–IB
|-
|[[Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management]]
|[[Nellore]]
|2016
|Tourism Management
|-
|[[National Institute of Ocean Technology]] (not started)
|[[Nellore]] (not started)
|2015
|Ocean Technology
|-
|[[Central Tobacco Research Institute]]
|[[Rajahmundry|Rajamahendravaram]]
|1947
|Tobacco Research
|-
|[[National Academy of Customs Indirect Taxes and Narcotics]]
|[[Hindupur]]am
|2015
|Customs & Narcotics
|}

== State universities ==
There are 28 state public universities in the state.<ref name="state-univ">{{Cite web |url=https://apsche.ap.gov.in/lin.php?a=6 |title=Universities in the state of Andhra Pradesh |date= |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=APSCHE}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible plainrowheaders static-row-numbers" border="1" style="text-align:left; width:90%"
{{Srn}}

! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |University
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Location
!Section 12 (B)?<ref name="Fit" />
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" |Established
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Specialization
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" class="unsortable"|Sources
|-
!scope="row" | [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]]
| [[Guntur]]
|{{yes}}
| 1976
| General
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarjunauniversity.ac.in/profile.asp|title=welcome to Acharya Nagarjuna University|work=nagarjunauniversity.ac.in|access-date=23 May 2011|publisher=[[Acharya Nagarjuna University]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517014028/http://www.nagarjunauniversity.ac.in/profile.asp|archivedate=17 May 2011}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University]]
|[[Guntur]]
|{{no}}
|1964
|Agricultural
|
|-
!scope="row" | [[Adikavi Nannaya University]]
| [[Rajahmundry|Rajamahendravaram]]
|{{yes}}
| 2006
| General
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nannayauniversity.info/index.php|title= Adikavi Nannaya University |work=www.nannayauniversity.info|access-date=12 June 2017|publisher=[[Adikavi Nannaya University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002130830/http://www.nannayauniversity.info/index.php|archive-date=2 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Andhra Kesari University]]
| [[Ongole]]
|{{no}}
| 2022
| General
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/politics/andhra-news/andhra-kesari-university-in-prakasam-district-114122|title = Andhra Kesari University in Prakasam District|date = 30 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University
|[[Vijayawada]]
|{{no}}
|2020
|[[Ichthyology]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url= https://apfu.ap.gov.in/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University|work=Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University|publisher=Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Andhra University]]
| [[Visakhapatnam]]
|{{yes}}
| 1926
| General
| <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.andhrauniversity.info/history.html |title=Welcome to Andhra University |work=andhrauniversity.info |access-date=23 May 2011|publisher=[[Andhra University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Cluster University
|[[Kurnool]]
|{{no}}
|2019
|General
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cuklap.ac.in/|title=About DSNLU |work=Cluster University|publisher=Cluster University}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University]]
| [[Visakhapatnam]]
|{{yes}}
| 2008
| [[Legal education|Legal]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url= https://dsnlu.ac.in/about-dsnlu/ |title=About DSNLU |work=dsnlu.ac.in |access-date=6 June 2017|publisher=[[Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Dr. Abdul Haq Urdu University]]
|[[Kurnool]]
|{{no}}
|2016
|General and Urdu
|<ref>{{cite web|title=About Dr.Abdul Haq Urdu University|url=http://www.ahuuk.ac.in/about.php|access-date=7 July 2021|website=www.ahuuk.ac.in|publisher=[[Dr.Abdul Haq Urdu University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam]]
| [[Srikakulam]]
|{{yes}}
| 2008
| General
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brau.edu.in/about-us.php |title=About Us - Dr.B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam |work=www.brau.edu.in |access-date=1 July 2017 |publisher=[[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703133838/http://www.brau.edu.in/about-us.php |archive-date=3 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]]
| [[Vijayawada]]
|{{no}}
| 1986
| [[Healthcare science|Healthcare]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://59.163.116.210/uhssite/introduction.htm|title=Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences|work=59.163.116.210|access-date=14 June 2011|publisher=[[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110715003201/http://59.163.116.210/uhssite/introduction.htm|archive-date=15 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Dr. YSR Architecture and Fine Arts University
| [[Kadapa]]
|{{no}}
| 2020
| Architecture and Fine Arts
| <ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/architecture-university-keeping-its-fingers-crossed-ahead-of-admissions/article36849425.ece |title=Architecture university keeping its fingers crossed ahead of admissions|work=www.drysrhu.edu.in |date=6 October 2021|access-date=13 November 2021|publisher=The Hindu|last1=Rangarajan|first1=A. d.}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University]]
| [[Tadepalligudem]]
|{{no}}
| 2011{{refn|group=note|Established in 2007 as "Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University". The UGC lists 2011, the year of the act that renamed it.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.drysrhu.edu.in/uploads/Act%20No.13%20of%202011.pdf|work=The Andhra Pradesh Gazette |title=ACT No. 13 OF 2011. |access-date=1 July 2017|publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]}}</ref>}}
| [[Horticulture]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.drysrhu.edu.in/english-profile |title=Welcome to Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University |work=www.drysrhu.edu.in |access-date=1 July 2017|publisher=[[Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Dravidian University]]
| [[Kuppam]]
|{{yes}}
| 1997
| [[Dravidian languages]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dravidianuniversity.ac.in/abouts_us.html |title=www.dravidianuniversity.com |work=dravidianuniversity.ac.in |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=[[Dravidian University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520092002/http://www.dravidianuniversity.ac.in/abouts_us.html |archive-date=20 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur]]
| [[Anantapur]]am
|{{yes}}
| 1946
| Technology
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://jntu.ac.in/new/academic/aboutjntu.html|title=About JNTU|work=jntuanantapur.org|access-date=14 December 2011|publisher=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107192554/http://jntu.ac.in/new/academic/aboutjntu.html|archivedate=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada]]
| [[Kakinada]]
|{{yes}}
| 1946
| Technology
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jntuk.edu.in/theuniversity/ |title=Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada |work=jntuk.edu.in |access-date=16 June 2011 |publisher=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613062306/http://www.jntuk.edu.in/theuniversity |archivedate=13 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University - Gurajada, Vizianagaram]]
| [[Vizianagaram]]
|{{no}}
| 2022
| Technology
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/vizianagaram-jntu-college-of-engineering-elevated-as-university-693435|title=About JNTUV|work=The Hans India|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Krishna University]]
| [[Machilipatnam]]
|{{yes}}
| 2008
| General
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Krishna University |url=https://kru.ac.in/about/ |access-date=23 June 2011 |work=kru.ac.in |publisher=[[Krishna University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid]]
|[[Nuzvid]]
|{{yes}}
| 2008
| Technology
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.rgukt.in//about/ |access-date=27 July 2009 |work=www.rgukt.in/ |publisher=[[Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Andhra Pradesh]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Rayalaseema University]]
| [[Kurnool]]
|{{yes}}
| 2008
| General
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rayalaseemauniversity.ac.in/images/fulltime/mphil_phd_admissions_prospectus.pdf|title=Prospectus|work=rayalaseemauniversity.ac.in|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=[[Rayalaseema University]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214080419/http://www.rayalaseemauniversity.ac.in/images/fulltime/mphil_phd_admissions_prospectus.pdf|archivedate=14 December 2010}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Krishnadevaraya University]]
| [[Anantapur]]am
|{{yes}}
| 1981
| General
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skuniversity.org/About%20Us/About%20Us.asp|title=University Profile-SKU|work=skuniversity.org|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=[[Sri Krishnadevaraya University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628101050/http://skuniversity.org/About%20Us/About%20Us.asp|archive-date=28 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam]]
| [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]
|{{yes}}
| 1983
| Women's only
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spmvv.ac.in/AboutUs.aspx?Id=123|title=Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam|work=spmvv.ac.in|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=[[Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108073359/http://www.spmvv.ac.in/AboutUs.aspx?Id=123|archivedate=8 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences]]
| [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]
|{{yes}}
| 1993
| Medical
| <ref>{{cite web |url= http://svimstpt.ap.nic.in/profile.html |title=Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) |work=svimstpt.ap.nic.in |access-date=13 February 2012|publisher=[[Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Venkateswara University]]
| [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]
|{{yes}}
| 1954
| General
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.svuniversity.in/aboutus/index.html |title=Sri Venkateswara University |work=svuniversity.in |access-date=26 June 2011 |publisher=[[Sri Venkateswara University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623100717/http://www.svuniversity.in/aboutus/index.html |archive-date=23 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Venkateswara Vedic University]]
| [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]
|{{no}}
| 2006
| [[Vedas|Vedic studies]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.svvedicuniversity.org/establishment.php|title=Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Vedic University|work=svvedicuniversity.org|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=[[Sri Venkateswara Vedic University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824072651/http://www.svvedicuniversity.org/establishment.php|archive-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University]]
| [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]
|{{no}}
| 2005
| [[Veterinary school]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://svvu.edu.in/History.html|title=History of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University|work=svvu.edu.in |access-date=6 July 2017|publisher=[[Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Vikrama Simhapuri University]]
| [[Nellore]]
|{{yes}}
| 2008
| General
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.simhapuriuniv.org/Aboutus.aspx|title=Vikrama Simhapuri University_Aboutus|work=simhapuriuniv.org|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=[[Vikrama Simhapuri University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612074304/http://www.simhapuriuniv.org/Aboutus.aspx|archive-date=12 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Yogi Vemana University]]
| [[Kadapa]]
|{{yes}}
| 2006
| General
| <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.yogivemanauniversity.ac.in/about_yvu.php |title=Yogi Vemana University |work=yogivemanauniversity.ac.in |access-date=11 August 2011|publisher=[[Yogi Vemana University]]}}</ref>
|}

== State private universities ==
There are 14 state private universities in the state.<ref name="state-univ" />{{Srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
! University
! Location
! Established
! Specialization
! Sources
|-
| 1
| [[VIT-AP University]]
| Amaravati
| 2017
|
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/vit-ap-to-be-first-varsity-in-andhra-pradesh-capital/articleshow/59102413.cms | title=VIT-AP to be first varsity in Andhra Pradesh capital | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=12 June 2017 | access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| [[SRM University, Andhra Pradesh|SRM University]]
| Amaravati
| 2017
|
|
|-
| 3
| [[Centurion University of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh|Centurion University of Technology and Management]]
| Vizianagaram
| 2017
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cutmap.ac.in/images/CUTM_AP_Schedule_Notification.PDF|publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]|work=Andhra Pradesh Gazette|title=Schedule Amendment of Andhra Pradesh Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) Act, 2016|date=23 May 2017|accessdate=23 October 2018|archive-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508212750/http://www.cutmap.ac.in/images/CUTM_AP_Schedule_Notification.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 4
| [[Krea University|KREA University]]
| Sri City, [[Tirupati district]]
| 2017
|
|
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://krea.edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/UGC_Supporting_Documents/Pg-113%20-%20114_Annexure%201.10%20%20%20Amendment%20to%20the%20AP%20Private%20Universities%20Act,%202018.pdf | title=AN ACT FURTHER TO AMEND THE ANDHRA PRADESH PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES (ESTABLISHMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 2016. | website=www.krea.edu.in | date=30 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 5
| Great Lake International University
| Sri City, [[Tirupati district]]
| 2017
|
|
|-
| 6
| [[Saveetha Amaravati University]]
| Amaravathi
| 2018
|
|
|-
| 7
| Veltech University
| [[Tirupati]]
| 2019
|
|-
| 8
| [[B.E.S.T Innovation University|Bharatiya Engineering Science and Technology Innovation University]]
| Gownivaripalli, [[Sri Sathya Sai district]]
| 2019
|
|
|-
| 9
| The Apollo University
| Murukambattu, [[Chittor district]]
| 2021
|
|
|-
| 10
| [[Mohan Babu University]]
| Rangampet, [[Tirupati district]]
| 2022
|
|
|-
| 11
| Annamacharya University
| [[Rajampet]],[[Annamayya district]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| 12
| Godavari Global University
| [[Rajahmundry]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| 13
| Aditya University
| Surampalem, [[Kakinada district]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| 14
| [[Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University]]
| [[Namburu|Nambur]], [[Guntur district]]
| 2025
|
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-assembly-council-pass-private-universities-bill-1867872 | title=AP Assembly, Council pass private universities bill | website=www.krea.edu.in | date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
|}

== Deemed universities ==
[[File:University Sathya Sai Puttaparthi.jpg|thumb|Sri Sathya Sai University]]{{Srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible plainrowheaders static-row-numbers" border="1" style="text-align:left; width:76%"
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |University
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Location
! scope="col" style="width: 10%;" |Established
! scope="col" style="width: 20%;" |Specialization
! scope="col" style="width: 05%;" class="unsortable"|Sources
|-
!scope="row" | Audisankara Deemed to be University
|[[Gudur]]
|2001 (2025{{Dagger}})
|Multidisciplinary
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bot Verification |url=https://www.audisankara.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.audisankara.ac.in}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management]]
| [[Visakhapatnam]]
| 1980 (2007{{Dagger}})
| General
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gitam.edu/|title=GITAM University}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation]]
| [[Guntur]]
| 1980 (2009{{Dagger}})
| Technology
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kluniversity.in/intro.aspx|title=Introduction to K L U |access-date=19 June 2011|publisher=[[K L University]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611132733/http://kluniversity.in/intro.aspx|archive-date=11 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science]]
| [[Madanapalle]]
| 1998 (2025{{Dagger}})
| Technology
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Award as "Best Private Engineerng College" awarded by ISTE 2016-17 |url=https://mits.ac.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615215710/https://mits.ac.in/ |archive-date=2025-06-15 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.mits.ac.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education]]
| [[Vijayawada]]
| 1977 (2024{{Dagger}})
| General
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siddharthaacademy.ac.in/#|title=Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education|access-date=3 June 2011|publisher=[[Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education]]|archive-url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velagapudi_Ramakrishna_Siddhartha_Engineering_College|archive-date=10 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning]]
| [[Puttaparthi]]
| 1981 (1981{{Dagger}})
| General
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://sssihl.edu.in/dnn/AboutUs/History/tabid/89/Default.aspx |title=History |publisher=[[Sri Sathya Sai University]] |access-date=26 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research
| [[Guntur]]
| 1997 (2009{{Dagger}})
| Technology
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vignanuniversity.org/|title=Vignan's University}}</ref>
|}
{{Dagger}} granted deemed university status

== Colleges ==


===Engineering colleges===
There are 99 engineering colleges in the state.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/LIST%20OF%20ENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGYNBAACCREDIATED.pdf |title=List of Engineering Colleges NBA Accredited |pages=1–9 |access-date=2023-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NRI Institute of Technology |url=https://nrigroupofcolleges.com/ |website=nrigroupofcolleges.com}}</ref>
[[File:Krishna_University_College_of_Engineering.jpg|thumb|Krishna University College of Engineering and Technology]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S No.
! College
! Code
! Location
|-
| 1
| [[Aditya Institute of Technology and Management]]
|
|
|-
| 2
| Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences
|
|
|-
| 3
| Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science
|
|
|-
| 4
| [[Bapatla Engineering College]]
|
|
|-
| 5
| Bonam Venkata Chalamayya Engineering College
|
| [[Odalarevu]]
|-
| 6
| Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology
|
|
|-
| 7
| Dhanekula Institute of Engineering and Technology
|
|
|-
| 8
| Dvr & Dr Hs Mic College of Technology
|
|
|-
| 9
| Adoni Arts and Science College (Est In 1962),
| AASC
| Adoni
|-
| 10
| [[Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering]]
|
|
|-
| 11
| G Pulla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
|
|
|-
| 12
| GMR Institute of Technology
|
|
|-
| 13
| Gudlavalleru Engineering College
|
|
|-
| 14
| [[Krishna University|Krishna University College of Engineering and Technology]]
| KRUSF
|
|-
| 15
| KSRM College of Engineering
| KSRM
|
|-
| 16
| Lakkireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering
| LBRCE
|
|-
| 17
| MVGR College of Engineering
| MVGRCE
| Vizianagaram
|-
| 18
| [[Narasaraopeta Engineering College]]
| NEC
|
|-
| 19
| N.B.K.R.Institute of Science & Technology
| NBKRIST
|
|-
| 20
| NRI Institute of Technology Vijayawada
|NRIA
|
|-
| 21
| [[QIS College of Engineering and Technology]]
| QISE
|
|-
| 22
| Quba College of Engineering and Technology Nellore
| QUBA
|
|-
| 23
| [[Raghu Engineering College]]
|
|
|-
| 24
| Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering & Technology
|
|
|-
| 25
| [[RVR & JC College of Engineering]]
|
|
|-
| 26
| Sagi Rama Krishnam Raju Engineering College
| SRKREC
|
|-
| 27
| Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering College
| SRGEC
|
|-
| 28
| Shree Institute of Technical Education
| SITE
|
|-
| 29
| Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College
| SVEC
| [[Tirupati]]
|-
| 30
| Sri Sivani College of Engineering
|
|
|-
| 31
| Sri Vasavi Engineering College
|
|
|-
| 32
| Sri Venkatesa Perumal College of Engineering & Technology
|
|
|-
| 33
| St. Ann's College of Engineering & Technology
|
|
|-
| 34
| Siddharth Institute of Engineering & Technology
| SIETK
|[[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh|Puttur]]
|-
| 35
|Tenali Engineering College
|TECA
|[[Tenali]]
|-
| 36
|[[Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology]]
| VVIT
|
|-
| 37
| [[Vignan's Institute of Information Technology]]
|
|
|-
| 38
| Vishnu Institute of Technology
|
|

|}

===Law colleges===
# [[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar College of Law]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
# [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]], [[Guntur]]
# [[Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
# [[Sri Venkateswara College of Law]], Tirupati
# [[Gitam School of Law]], Visakhapatnam
# Klu law college, Vijayawada
# NVP Law College, Visakhapatnam
# JC College of Law, Guntur
# PS Raju Law College, Kakinada
# [[Daita Sriramulu Hindu College of Law]], Machilipatnam
# Sri R.K.M. Law College, Chittoor
# Sri Eshwar Reddy College of Law, Tirupati
# [[Visakha Law College]], Visakhapatnam
# [[Indira Priyadarshini Law College]], Ongole
# [[Veeravalli College of Law]], Rajahmundhry
# KKC College of Law, Chittoor
# Anantha College of Law, Tirupati
# Smt Velagapudi Durgamba Siddhartha Law College, Vijayawada
# Dr Ambedkar Global Law Institute, Tirupati
# Sri Vijayanagar College of Law, Anantapur
# V.R. Law College, Nellore
# Ns law college devarajugattu near markapur
# D.N.R.College of Law, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, A.P

===Medical colleges===
# [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri]]-[[Guntur]]
# [[Andhra Medical College]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
# [[Rangaraya Medical College]], [[Kakinada]]
# [[Guntur Medical College]], [[Guntur]]
# [[Kurnool Medical College]], [[Kurnool]]
# [[Sri Venkateswara Medical College]], [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]]
# [[Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women]], [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]]
#[[Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]]
# [[Siddhartha Medical College]], [[Vijayawada]]
# [[A. C. Subba Reddy Government Medical College]], [[Nellore]]
# [[Government Medical College, Srikakulam]]
# [[Government Medical College, Kadapa]]
# [[Government Medical College, Ongole]]
# [[Government Medical College, Anantapur]]
#Government Medical College, Vizianagaram
#Government Medical College, Paderu
#Government Medical College, Rajamahendravaram
#Government Medical College, Eluru
# Government Medical College, Machilipatnam
#Government Medical college, Piduguralla
#Government Medical College, Markapuramu
# Government Medical College, Adoni
#Government Medical College, Pulivendula
#Government Medical College, Madanapalli
#Government Medical College, Nandyal
# Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital,[[Srikakulam]]
# Maharajah Institute of medical sciences,[[Vizianagaram]]
#Gayathri Vidya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology,[[Visakhapatnam]]
#GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,[[Visakhapatnam]]
#NRI Institute of Medical Sciences,[[Visakhapatnam]]
# GSL Medical College [[Rajahmundry]]
# Alluri Sitaram Raju Academy of Medical Sciences,[[Eluru]]
#Dr Pinnameni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences,[[Vijayawada]]
#Nimra Institute of medical Sciences,[[Vijayawada]]
#[[NRI Academy of Medical Sciences]], [[Mangalagiri]]-[[Guntur]]
#[[Katuri Medical College]], [[Guntur]]
#Narayana Medical College,[[Nellore]]
#[[P.E.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research]], [[Kuppam]]
#Viswabharathi Medica College,[[Kurnool]]
# Fatima institute of medical sciences, [[Kadapa]]
#Apollo institute of medical sciences ,[[Chittor]]
#Sri satya Sai institute of Higher Medical Sciences, [[Puttaparthi]]
#Santhiram Medical College,[[Nandyal]]

===Others===
[[File:C.R.Reddy College Aerial View.jpg|thumb|C.R.Reddy Educational Institutions, [[Eluru]]]]

# [[Andhra Loyola College]]
# [[Andhra Pradesh Residential Degree College]]
# [[Sir C.R. Reddy Educational Institutions]]
# [[Kakaraparti Bhavanarayana College]]
# [[Mrs. A. V. N. College]] (Est 1860) [[Visakapatnam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.avncollege.ac.in/|title=Mrs. A.V.N. College|website=avncollege.ac.in}}</ref>
# SMVM Polytechnic, Tanuku
# [[Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust]] (SVET)
Aditya Degree college

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Education in India}}

[[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in India by state or union territory|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh-related lists|Education]]
[[Category:Education in Andhra Pradesh]]

K-4 (missile)

2026-02-05T04:29:18Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Refined content and updated sections

{{short description|Indian submarine-launched missile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile = yes
| name = K-4
| image =
| caption = K-4 SLBM launch
| origin = [[India]]
| type = [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile|Intermediate-range]] [[SLBM]]
| used_by = {{Navy|India}}
| designer = [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
| design_date =
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
| unit_cost =
| number =
| variants =
| service = August 2024 <ref name="25Dec2025"/>
| engine = Two stage [[solid rocket motor]]<ref name="9Mar2016"/>
| propellant = [[Solid rocket propellant]]<ref name="9Mar2016"/>
| weight = {{convert|17|t|ST|lk=on|abbr=on}}<ref name=ie_hr/>
| length = {{convert|12|m|ft|lk=out|abbr=on}}<ref name=ie_hr/>
| diameter = {{convert|1.3|m|ft|lk=out|abbr=on}}<ref name=ie_hr/>
| wingspan =
| speed =
| vehicle_range = {{convert|3500|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Snehesh Alex |title=India's nuclear arsenal becomes more potent. Why the K4 submarine launched ballistic missile matters |url=https://theprint.in/defence/indias-nuclear-arsenal-becomes-more-potent-why-the-k4-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile-matters/2378963/ |access-date=29 November 2024 |publisher=ThePrint |date=28 November 2024}}</ref>
| ceiling =
| altitude =
| filling = [[Strategic nuclear weapon]]
| filling_weight = {{convert|2500|kg|lb|lk=out|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rusnavy.com/news/othernavies/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11204&print=Y|title=India to test a submarine-based ballistic missile|website=rusnavy.com}}</ref>
| guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + multi-[[GNSS]] '''Terminal:''' [[TERCOM]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=CSIS |title=Sagarika/Shaurya |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/sagarika-shaurya/ |website=Missile Threat |publisher=CSIS |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
| detonation =
| accuracy =
| launch_platform = [[Arihant-class submarine|''Arihant''-class submarine]]s
}}
'''K-4''' or '''Kalam-4''' is a nuclear capable [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile|intermediate-range]] [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] of [[Government of India|India]] to arm its [[Arihant-class submarine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/india-inches-closer-to-credible-nuclear-triad-with-k-4-slbm-test/|title=India Inches Closer to Credible Nuclear Triad With K-4 SLBM Test|last=Diplomat|first=Ankit Panda, The|website=The Diplomat|access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref> The missile has a maximum range of about 3,500 km which offers greater operational flexibility compared to its predecessor [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15]] having a limited shore-bounding range.<ref name="thin27j">{{cite news |last1=Subramanian |first1=T. S. |last2=Mallikarjun |first2=Y |date=27 January 2013 |title=India successfully test-fires underwater missile |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-successfully-testfires-underwater-missile/article4350553.ece?homepage=true |access-date=27 January 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2017 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat 2017 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 |access-date=29 November 2024 |website=Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee, National Air and Space Intel Center, United States of America}}</ref> On deployment, the missile will be the first to operationalise India's sea-based [[nuclear triad]] and can accommodate the demand of credible [[Second strike|second-strike]] capability of its [[India and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear doctrine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arighat commissioning revives debate over 'no first use' policy |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/arighat-commissioning-revives-debate-over-no-first-use-policy |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref>

The {{INS|Arihant|3=2}} and {{INS|Arighaat|3=2}} have four [[vertical launching system]] for the missile while {{INS|Aridhaman|3=2}} and [[Arihant-class submarine|S4*]] submarines have double the number of [[vertical launching system]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mundhra |first=Shreya |date=2022-01-02 |title=Boosting Indian Navy's Firepower, DRDO Launches Nuclear Submarine With 'Vertical Launch System' |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/indian-navy-launches-3rd-arihant-class-nuclear-submarine/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=EURASIAN TIMES |language=en-US}}</ref> The latter three submarines will be equipped with K4 missiles while ''Arihant'' is equipped with [[Sagarika (missile)|B-05 missiles]].<ref name=":4" /> The missile completed developmental launch trials and reportedly entered serial production after a final two consecutive launch trials in January 2020 within a gap of six days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-14 |title=Arihant's N-capable missile 'ready to roll' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-successfully-test-fires-k-4-submarine-launched-missile/articleshow/73589861.cms |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-24 |title=India successfully test-fires K-4 submarine-launched nuclear capable missile |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-successfully-test-fires-k-4-submarine-launched-nuclear-capable-missile/articleshow/73591070.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> On August 29, 2024, the missile was commissioned into the Indian Navy.<ref name="25Dec2025">{{Cite news |last=Aroor |first=Shiv |date=2025-12-25 |title=India Tests K-4 Missile, With 3,500-km Range, From Nuclear-Powered Submarine |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-tests-k-4-missile-with-3-500-km-range-from-nuclear-powered-submarine-9952298 |access-date=2025-12-28 |work=NDTV}}</ref> In September 2024, [[Asian News International|ANI]] reported the deployment of the missile onboard the [[INS Arighaat|Arighaat]], several days past her commissioning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INS Arighaat fitted with 3,500 km strike range missiles, 70 pc indigenous content |url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ins-arighaat-fitted-with-3500-km-strike-range-missiles-70-pc-indigenous-content20240906192342/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2024-08-29 |title=Second nuke-powered submarine Arighat to be commissioned today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/29/second-nuke-powered-submarine-arighat-to-be-commissioned-today |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Development==
The importance of [[Submarine-launched ballistic missile|submarine launched nuclear weapon]] capability has been recognised early due to its inherent flexibility, survivability and secrecy which aligned well with India's [[no first use]] and [[credible minimum deterrence]] policy. The first indigenous [[Ballistic missile submarine|SSBN]] was launched in 2009 and was commissioned seven years later as [[INS Arihant]]. Concerns related to the limited range of [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15]] ballistic missile operationalised by the submarine was addressed gradually with the development of a higher range version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The sea leg of India's nuclear triad post Pokhran II |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-sea-leg-of-indias-nuclear-triad-post-pokhran-ii |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:K4 SLBM Launch Video.webm|left|thumb|Test launch of the K-4 in March 2014. The missile traversed 3000 km into Indian Ocean]]
In January 2010, the K-4 was secretly tested off [[Visakhapatnam|Vishakhapatnam]]. The 10 metre long and 1.3 metre wide 'black and white' missile emerged from a pontoon submerged 50 metre underwater and breached the surface. A second firing was also conducted in [[Visakhapatnam]] which has revalidated the critical ability of a 20-tonne projectile to withstand 50 kg of water pressure and eject from a submerged launcher before engaging its rocket booster.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=defenceupdate |date=2016-03-02 |title=K-4 Missile:- India's submarine launched ballistic missile with a range of 3500 km |url=https://defenceupdate.in/k-4-missile-indias-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile-with-a-range-of-3500-km/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Indian Defence News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010-11-20 |title=The secret 'K' missile family |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20101129-the-secret-k-missile-family-744797-2010-11-19 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Agencies responsible ===
The [[High Energy Materials Research Laboratory|High Energy Material Research Laboratory]] (HEMRL) and the Advanced Centre for Energetic Materials (ACEM) of the [[DRDO]] have been involved in developing the three motors responsible for propelling the K-4, the systems responsible for separating the stages of K-4, the low-thrust boosters, the gas generator and other components. The launch system of K-4 has been developed by the Naval Systems Group of the [[Research and Development Establishment|Research and Development Establishment (Engineers)]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title=Key components of K-4 missile designed, developed in Pune |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/key-components-of-k-4-missile-designed-developed-in-pune-6226854/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231091939/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/key-components-of-k-4-missile-designed-developed-in-pune-6226854/ |archive-date=2025-12-31 |access-date=2020-01-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:DRDO K-4 SLBM.png|150px|thumb|Conceptual render of K-4]]
[[File:K-4 SLBM Strike range envelope centered at Bay of Bengal.jpg|150px|thumb|3500 km range envelope from Bay of Bengal]]
The K-4 is a [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] which is composed of two stages.<ref name="9Mar2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2016/mar/09/express-exclusive-india-test-fires-nuke-capable-slbm-k-4-secretly-901404.html|title=India Test Fires Nuke Capable SLBM K-4 Secretly|date=9 March 2016|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> The missile is reported to be {{convert|12|m}} long with a diameter of {{convert|1.3|m}} and weighs nearly {{convert|17|tonne}}. It can carry a warhead weighing up to {{convert|2|tonne}} and is powered [[Solid-fuel rocket|solid rocket propellant]]. The DRDO stated that the aim of the missile was to achieve a high accuracy.<ref name="ie_hr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2013/dec/10/longest-range-ballistic-missile-all-set-for-undersea-launch-548253.html|title=Longest Range Ballistic Missile All Set for Undersea Launch|date=10 December 2013|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref> As a countermeasure against [[Anti-ballistic missile|ballistic missile defence]] systems, the K4 can perform three-dimensional maneuvers.<ref name="finaltest">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/jan/25/sub-launched-k-4-ready-for-induction-2094389.html|title=Sub-launched K-4 ready for induction|date=25 January 2020|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref>

'''Specifications'''
* Range (exact is classified): Full load: ~{{convert|3000|km}} Reduced load: ~{{convert|4000|km}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vashistha |first=Aashish |date=2024-11-28 |title=Nuclear Capable Missile Tested Successfully From INS Arighat, Know All About K-4 Ballistic Missile |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/indian-navy-test-fires-k4-ballistic-missile-from-ins-arighat-how-it-will-boost-country-nuclear-deterrence-explained-10203755 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>
* Guidance system: [[Inertial navigation system]] with [[GPS]]/[[NavIC]] [[satellite guidance]]
* [[Circular error probable]]: <{{convert|10|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-12-24 |title=India Reinforces Nuclear Second-Strike Capability as INS Arihant Successfully Test-Fires K-4 SLBM |url=https://defencesecurityasia.com/en/india-k4-slbm-test-ins-arihant-nuclear-deterrence/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Defence Security Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref> (Alleged)

The K-4 uses a powerful nose mounted motor which has two diametrically opposite mounted nozzles which fires underwater and enable the transition of missile through water, break the surface and continue the ascend into the atmosphere for the first few seconds. The gases ejected from this system is expected to create a gas bubble encapsulation around the missile which will reduce the drag during underwater transition. During the ascent into atmosphere, the four [[Control surface (aviation)|control surfaces]] at the base of the missile provide the necessary aerodynamic control to the missile.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=X handle |first=@GODOFPARADOXES |title=DRDO K4 SLBM |url=https://x.com/GODOFPARADOXES/status/1594245246153592835?t=uzwbZ0wFGneiNv2cArnQ7Q&s=19 |website=X (Twitter)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=X handle |first=@GODOFPARADOXES |title=DRDO K4 SLBM |url=https://x.com/GODOFPARADOXES/status/1614215921794535425?t=ip3iGQKVuC_HavRXqkyrxg&s=19 |website=X (Twitter)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kristensen |first1=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |last3=Johns |first3=Eliana |last4=Knight |first4=Mackenzie |date=5 September 2024 |title=Indian nuclear weapons, 2024 |url=https://thebulletin.org/premium/2024-09/indian-nuclear-weapons-2024/#:~:text=On%20August%2029,%202024,%20India%20said%20it%20commissioned,the%20same%20class,%20temporarily%20designated%20S4%20and%20S4*. |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the burnout of the nose mounted motor, the base shroud at the bottom of the missile housing the control surfaces and control actuation system is ejected. The first stage will ignite to coincide with the burnout and ejection of nose mounted motor to prevent zero thrust condition. The [[Thrust vectoring|flex nozzle control]] of the first stage will provide necessary steering during [[boost phase]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The airflow pattern over the nose cone of the missile is reminiscent of the one seen of blunt nose cones or nose cones with an [[Drag-reducing aerospike|aerospike]] which will reduce drag and heat load significantly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=X handle |first=@GODOFPARADOXES |title=A snapshot from DRDO K-4 SLBM test flight video |url=https://x.com/GODOFPARADOXES/status/1544377081177440260?t=pdb4xvnHcuvcjTNscA4aUQ&s=19 |website=X (twitter)}}</ref>

==Testing==
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+K-4 SLBM launch log
|-
! Flight No.
! Launch date and site
! Platform and Depth
! Range
! Function
! Outcome
|-
! align=center | 1
| 15 January 2010
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| Underwater Pontoon {{Convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|
| Developmental launch
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 | The test validated the ability of a 20-tonne projectile to withstand 50 kg of water pressure and eject from a submerged launcher before engaging its rocket booster.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
|-
! align=center | 2
| 24 March 2014
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| Underwater Pontoon {{Convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|3000|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| First test launch
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 | After a powerful gas generator ejected it from the submerged pontoon, the K-4 missile rose into the air, took a turn towards the designated target, sped across 3,000 km in the sky and dropped into the Indian Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panda |first=Ankit |title=India Inches Closer to Credible Nuclear Triad With K-4 SLBM Test |url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/india-inches-closer-to-credible-nuclear-triad-with-k-4-slbm-test/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 3
| 07 March 2016
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| Underwater Pontoon 
|
| Second test launch
Depressed trajectory
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 | The K-4 missile was fired at a depressed trajectory. Starting from successfully clearing the launch tube and breaking the water surface to stage separation and maintaining the ballistic trajectory, the missile achieved all parameters before zeroing in on the pre-designated target with high accuracy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-18 |title=K-4 Missile Test A Roaring Success - The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/K-4-Missile-Test-A-Roaring-Success/2016/03/16/article3329130.ece |access-date=2024-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318222109/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/K-4-Missile-Test-A-Roaring-Success/2016/03/16/article3329130.ece |archive-date=18 March 2016 }}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 4
| 31 March 2016
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| {{INS|Arihant}} {{Convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| Third test launch
Submarine trial of K-4
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 | The missile was successfully tested from ''Arihant'', 45 nautical miles away from the [[Visakhapatnam|Vishakhapatnam]] coast. The missile with a dummy payload was launched from the submarine in full operational configuration. The trial was carried out with the support of the personnel of [[Strategic Forces Command]] (SFC) and the [[DRDO]] provided all the logistics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-08 |title=EXPRESS EXCLUSIVE: Maiden Test of Undersea K-4 Missile From Arihant Submarine - The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/EXPRESS-EXCLUSIVE-Maiden-Test-of-Undersea-K-4-Missile-From-Arihant-Submarine/2016/04/09/article3370608.ece |access-date=2024-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408232833/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/EXPRESS-EXCLUSIVE-Maiden-Test-of-Undersea-K-4-Missile-From-Arihant-Submarine/2016/04/09/article3370608.ece |archive-date=8 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-13 |title=Nuclear-capable K-4 ballistic missile tested from INS Arihant |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/nuclear-capable-k-4-ballistic-missile-tested-from-ins-arihant-2727516.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Panda |first=Ankit |title=India Successfully Tests Intermediate-Range Nuclear-Capable Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/04/india-successfully-tests-intermediate-range-nuclear-capable-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhat |first=Aditya |date=2016-04-09 |title=DRDO's nuclear capable K-4 underwater missile test-fired again, this time from INS Arihant: Report |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/drdos-nuclear-capable-k-4-underwater-missile-test-fired-again-this-time-ins-arihant-report-673978 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 5
| 17 December 2017
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| Underwater Pontoon 
|
| Fourth test launch
| {{Failure}}
|-
| colspan=6 | K-4 missile did not activate during the test, with its battery getting drained after the launch command was given. It is believed that DRDO scientists were even unable to retrieve the missile from the test pontoon following the failure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=2017-12-24 |title=Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck |url=https://theprint.in/report/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/24671/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2018-01-03 |title=DRDO lines up crucial trials of Agni-V and K-4 missiles |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/Jan/03/drdo-lines-up-crucial-trials-of-agni-v-and-k-4-missiles-1742984.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 6
| 19 January 2020
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| Underwater Pontoon 
|{{Convert|3500|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| Fifth test launch
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 | The trial was carried in association with [[Strategic Forces Command]] (SFC) while the DRDO provided all logistic supports. The missile zeroed on the target with high accuracy reaching close to zero [[circular error probability]]. The missile travelled nearly 21 minutes and covered its full range of over 3,500 km.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2020-01-20 |title=India successfully test-fires 3,500 km nuclear-capable missile K-4 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/Jan/20/india-successfully-test-fires-3500-km-nuclear-capable-missile-k-4-2091838.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2020-01-19 |title=India successfully test-fires 3,500-km range submarine-launched ballistic missile K-4 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-successfully-test-fires-3500-km-k-4-slbm/article30601739.ece |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 7
| 24 January 2020
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| Underwater Pontoon {{Convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|
| Sixth test launch
Depressed trajectory
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 | Last developmental trial of K-4 making the weapon ready for its series of production and induction in the [[Indian Navy|armed forces]]. The missile was tested for a reduced range to validate new technologies incorporated in the system. The weapon was tested in its deliverable configuration with the active participation of Navy personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2020-01-25 |title=Sub-launched K-4 ready for induction |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/odisha/2020/Jan/25/sub-launched-k-4-ready-for-induction-2094389.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-24 |title=India successfully test-fires K-4 submarine-launched nuclear capable missile |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-successfully-test-fires-k-4-submarine-launched-nuclear-capable-missile/articleshow/73591070.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 8
| 27 November 2024
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| {{INS|Arighaat}}
|
| Seventh test launch
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 |First operational launch from INS Arighaat during submarine trials. Launch was successful.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2024-11-28 |title='Nuclear-capable ballistic missile tested from INS Arighaat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nuclear-capable-ballistic-missile-tested-from-ins-arighaat/articleshow/115747030.cms |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=Nuclear-capable ballistic missile tested from INS Arighaat: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nuclear-ballistic-missile-tested-from-submarine-ins-arighaat-2641477-2024-11-28 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The missile trajectory and success of the missile test is being examined.The absence of a warhead on the missile was confirmed by the [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2024-12-02 |title=Examining trajectory that missile took: Navy chief Admiral Tripathi on K4 test |url=https://theprint.in/defence/examining-trajectory-that-missile-took-navy-chief-admiral-tripathi-on-k4-test/2383793/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-02 |title=Navy Chief Dinesh Kumar Tripathi: Deals for Rafale-M jets, three additional Scorpene submarines in advanced stages |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/deals-for-rafale-m-jets-three-additional-scorpene-submarines-in-advanced-stages-navy-chief/article68937239.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
! align=center | 9
| 23 December 2025
[[Visakhapatnam]] Coast
| {{INS|Arighaat}}
|
| Eighth test launch
| {{Success}}
|-
| colspan=6 |DRDO reportedly conducted a successful K-4 missile test in the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Few more tests are scheduled for the final operational validation of sea-based nuclear triad. The test, which was supposedly scheduled for December 1-3, was postponed, due to the discovery of a Chinese Ocean Mineral Resources Vessel, 115 [[Nautical mile|nautical miles]] off the southern edge of the navigation area on December 3.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=2025-12-25 |title=India nears sea-based nuclear triad as K-4 missile clears key test |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-nears-sea-based-nuclear-triad-as-k-4-missile-clears-key-test-101766660631044.html |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> There was no formal announcement from the Defense Ministry about the test.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shivani |last2=Sinha |first2=Sahil |date=2025-12-25 |title=India successfully tests nuclear-capable K-4 missile from INS Arighaat: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-tests-nuclear-missile-k4-ins-arighaant-slmb-defence-forces-navy-submarines-2841580-2025-12-25 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-25 |title=India test fires 3,500-km missile from nuclear submarine |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-test-fires-3500-km-missile-from-nuclear-submarine/articleshow/126167025.cms |access-date=2025-12-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Operators==
; {{IND}}
[[File:Arihant 1.svg|180px|thumb|INS Arihant; lead vessel of the Arihant-class submarines]]
* The [[Indian Navy]] is the only operator of K-4. As of September 2024, the deployment capacity stands at 8 missiles on [[Arihant-class submarine|Arihant-class]] ballistic missile submarines:<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Launches 3rd Arihant Submarine |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/india-launches-3rd-arihant-submarine |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref>
** S2 [[INS Arihant|''Arihant'']]
** S3 [[INS Arighaat|''Arighaat'']]
** S4 ''Aridhaman''
** S4* ''(Unknown designation)''

== Reactions to testing ==

* {{flagu|Pakistan}} – The missile tests have drawn criticism from Zahir Kazmi, Arms Control Adviser at Pakistan's [[National Command Authority (Pakistan)|National Command Authority]]'s [[Strategic Plans Division]], who claims that they not only strengthen India's sea-based triad but also put the [[Indian Ocean]] region at risk of an arms race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Padmanabhan |first=Keshav |date=2025-12-27 |title=India’s K4 SLBM test creates a flutter in Pakistan security circles—‘red flag for global stability’ |url=https://theprint.in/defence/indias-k4-slbm-test-creates-a-flutter-in-pakistan-security-circles-red-flag-for-global-stability/2813458/ |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Rocketry|Nuclear technology}}
*[[K Missile family]]
*[[Arihant-class submarine]]
*[[Submarine-launched ballistic missile]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Indian missiles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:K-4 (SLBM)}}
[[Category:Submarine-launched ballistic missiles]]
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Ballistic missiles of India]]

Bihar Subah

2026-02-03T10:18:50Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{Short description|Subdivision of the Mughal Empire between 1575–1733}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Bihar Subah
| area_label = 1601
| area_sq_mi = 55478<ref>{{Cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |url= |title=An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detained Notes, Bibliography and Index |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-560379-8 |language=en|chapter=Table I: Area and ''ʽJama'' of the Mughal Empire, c. 1601|author-link=Irfan Habib|pp=xii–xiii}}</ref>
| common_name = Bihar
| era = Early modern period
| year_start = 1575
| year_end = 1733
| life_span =
| p1 = Sur Empire
| s1 = Bengal Subah
| flag_s1 =
| image_map = File:Hindoostan, divided into Soubahs according to the Ayin Acbaree," a historical map of Akbar's India from Wilkinson's Atlas, 1815 North max size.jpg
| image_map_caption = The Suba of Bihar situated between Awadh and Bengal
| capital = [[Patna]]
| today = {{plainlist|
* [[India]]}}
}}The '''Bihar Subah''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|صوبه بهار}}}}) was a province ([[Subah|suba]]) of the [[Mughal Empire]] that was formed in 1575. It was one of the original twelve subas established by Emperor [[Akbar]]. Its seat was in the city of [[Patna]] which was also known as [[Azimabad]]. The seat of Azimabad was named after the Mughal prince, [[Azim-ush-Shan]] who was the son of Emperor [[Shah Alam I]].<ref name="Chatterjee96">{{cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Kumkum |title=Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar: 1733-1820 |date=1996 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004644748 |pages=13–16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuP7EAAAQBAJ&q=merchants+politics+bihar}}</ref>

The suba was bordered to the west by the subas of [[Illahabad Subah|Illahabad]] and [[Oudh State|Awadh]] and to the east by [[Bengal Subah]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mahbubul Karim |first1=Khondkar |title=The Provinces of Bihar and Bengal Under Shahjahan |date=1974 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |pages=35–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYsKAQAAIAAJ&q=The+Provinces+of+Bihar+and+Bengal+Under+Shahjahan}}</ref>

==History==
The subah of Bihar functioned as a link between [[Hindustan]] and [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]]. On its northern boundary, it reached into the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] although this border was poorly defined as it was covered by the forested [[Terai]]. Under Emperor [[Akbar]], Bihar was divided into seven [[Sarkar (administrative division)|sarkars]] which were:<ref name= "Chatterjee96" />

*Bihar
*[[Munger district|Monghyr]]
*[[Champaran]]
*[[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
*[[Hajipur]]
*[[Saran district|Saran]]
*[[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]

Much of the region was now fully integrated into the Empire, particularly around Monghhy and Khokhrah where it was said that "the laws and commands of the provincial administration could be ignored without incurring too many problems." The sarkar of Purnea was not fully integrated into the suba of Bihar but was under an independent faujdar known as the [[Faujdars of Purnea]] which acted as a small military frontier between Bihar and Bengal.<ref name= "Chatterjee96" />

In 1733, Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] granted the subah of Bihar to the subadar of Bengal, [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan]] at which point Bihar and Bengal were merged with one another.<ref name= "Chatterjee96" />

==Zamindars==
{{Main article|Zamindars of Bihar}}
Much of Bihar Suba during this time was under the control of semi-autonomous zamindars. Within Bihar, the Zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have their own standing army which was typically composed of their own clansmen. Some notable zamindaris include:<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|page=2}}</ref>
*[[Hathwa Raj]]
*[[Tekari Raj]]
*[[Kharagpur Raj]]
*[[Bettiah Raj]]
*[[Khokhra Chieftaincy]]
*[[Jagdishpur estate]]
*[[Dumraon Raj]]
*[[Raj Darbhanga]]
*[[Chero dynasty|Cheros of Palamu]]
*[[Gidhaur_chieftaincy|Gidhaur Raj]]

==Notable subahdars==
Notable [[Subahdar]]s of Bihar during the Reign of Akbar and Jahangir include:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Imtiaz |title=MUGHAL GOVERNORS OF BIHAR UNDER AKBAR AND JAHANGIR |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2002 |volume=63 |pages=281-288 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158096}}</ref>
* [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] (1580–1583)
* Saeed Khan Chaghta
* Mirza Yusuf Mashhadi (1585–1587)
* [[Man Singh I]] (1587–1594)
* [[Jahangir Quli Beg]] (1605–1607)
* [[Islam Khan I]] (1607–1608)
* Afzal Khan
* Zafar Khan
* [[Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang]]
* [[Jahangir Quli Beg|Jahangir Quli Khan Ii]] (1618–1620)
* [[Rustam Mirza Safavi]] (1626–1627)

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Mughal subahs]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]

Plants in Meitei culture

2026-02-02T03:51:06Z

CaraVanOtterloo: small fix details for consistency

{{Short description|none}} 
{{About|the usage of plants specifically in [[Meitei culture]]|the worldwide perspective|Plants in culture}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
[[File:ꯈꯌꯣꯝ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ.jpg|thumb|220px|Arrangement of different plant items for a religious ritual.]]
Many plants ({{langx|mni|pāmbī}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |date=2006 |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4&searchhws=yes# |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]] |page=115 |language=mni, en}}</ref> play a significant role in Meitei [[Meitei cuisine|cuisine]], [[Meitei festivals|festivals]], [[Meitei folklore|folklore]] and [[Meitei folktales|folktales]], [[Meitei literature|literature]], [[Meitei mythology|mythology]] and [[Sanamahism]], the indigenous religion of Manipur.

== Sacred botanical totems ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Botanical totems of the seven [[Meitei confederacy|Meitei clans]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Devi |first1=Akoijam Nirmala |last2=Devi |first2=Ch Umabati |last3=Devi |first3=Kh Susheela |title=Traditional flowers used by the meiteis as food and medicine |journal=International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science |date=2023 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=30–34 |doi=10.33545/26631067.2023.v5.i2a.175 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manipur Medicinal Plants – Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants in Manipur |url=https://medicinalplants.co.in/ |website=medicinalplants.co.in |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467297/page/n11/mode/1up|title=Sagei Salai Apoklon|last=Monihar|first=N.|publisher=Internet Archive; Digital Library of India|year=2000|location=India|language=mni}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466642/page/n140/mode/1up|title=Erat Thouram Thounirol Lairik|last=Neelbir|first=Sairem|publisher=Internet Archive; Digital Library of India|year=2004|location=India|pages=140|language=mni}}</ref>
!Clan
!Sacred plants
!Sacred leaves
!Sacred fruits
!Sacred flowers
!Sacred woods/timbers
|-
! scope=row|[[Ningthouja]]
|Urum
|
*thamlā
*thangbilā
|
*[[lotus seed]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|thamchet}})
*[[citron]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heijang}})
*''[[Meyna spinosa]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|heibi}})
|[[sacred lotus]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|thambal}})
|
* sayi
*[[jolcham oak]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|uyung}})
|-
! scope=row|[[Luwang]]
| ''[[Albizia chinensis]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|khok}})
|lāyāi
|
*[[pineapple]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|kihom}})
*[[Punjab fig]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heiba}})
|[[Dendrobium densiflorum|pineapple orchid]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|melei}})
|
*''[[Phoebe hainesiana]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|upal}})
*[[Indian gooseberry]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heikru}})
|-
! scope=row|[[Khuman]]
|[[Dactyloctenium aegyptium|Egyptian crowfoot]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|pungphai}})
|
*changbilā
*[[bayur tree]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|kwāklā}})
*''[[Butea monosperma]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|khānglā}})
|
*[[Garcinia xanthochymus|false mangosteen]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heibung}})
*[[Indian gooseberry]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heikru}})
*[[cluster fig]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heibong}})
|
*''[[Magnolia montana]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leisang}})
*[[blue vanda]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|kwāklei}})
*''[[Goniothalamus]] sesquipedalis'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leikhām}})
|
*[[water pepper]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|chaokhong}})
*sayi
*[[bamboo]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|wā}})
|-
! scope=row|[[Angom]]
|[[Toona ciliata|Indian cedar]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|tairel}})
|
*[[Dillenia pentagyna|dog teak]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|lārong}})
*''[[Phrynium pubinerve]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leihoulā}})
|
*[[cluster fig]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heibong}})
*[[Punjab fig]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heiba}})
|
*[[Nymphaea nouchali|blue lotus]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|tharo}})
*[[sacred lotus]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|thambal}})
|
*''[[Phoebe hainesiana]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|upal}})
*sayi
|-
! scope=row|[[Moirang]]
|nauhing
|''[[Butea monosperma]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|khānglā}})
|[[Roxburgh fig]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heiyit}})
|
*[[aloe yucca]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|yerum lei}})
*[[hemp-agrimony]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|lāngthrei}})
|
*[[stone oak]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|kuhi}})
*''[[Butea monosperma]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|khānglā}})
*[[giant cane]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|tou}})
|-
! scope=row|[[Kha Nganpa]]
|napu nasen
|
*''[[Phrynium pubinerve]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leihoulā}})
*lāronglā
|
*[[Punjab fig]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heiba}})
*[[Garcinia xanthochymus|false mangosteen]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heibung}})
|
*[[Celosia argentea|plumed cockscomb]]({{langx|mni|label=none|haorei}})
*[[aloe yucca]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|yerum lei}})
*[[Dendrobium densiflorum|pineapple orchid]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|melei}})
*''[[Magnolia montana]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leisang}})
|''[[Antidesma acidum]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|chingyensin}})
|-
! scope=row|[[Chenglei]]
|nāpi singbi
|
*changbilā
*thamlā
|
*[[citron]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heijang}})
*[[Garcinia xanthochymus|false mangosteen]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|heibung}})
*''[[Microcos paniculata]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|heitup}})
|
*''[[Magnolia montana]]'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leisang}})
*''[[Goniothalamus]] sesquipedalis'' ({{langx|mni|label=none|leikhām}})
*[[Pogostemon]] parviflorus ({{langx|mni|label=none|sangbrei}})
|[[Xylosma longifolia|longleaf logwood]] ({{langx|mni|label=none|nongleisang}})
|}

== Plants used in rites and rituals ==
[[File:An old sacred banyan tree in the shrine of Lord Wangpulen (Wangbren) inside the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|220px|Worship of a banyan tree inside the [[Kangla]]]]
[[File:The sacred seedling of Heinoukhongnembi (Heinou Khongnembi), the holy mango tree, which is believed to be a divine incarnation of motherly goddess Imoinu (Emoinu) in traditional Meitei religion of Kangleipak.jpg|thumb|220px|A seedling of the [[mango tree]] Heinoukhongnembi is believed to be a divine incarnation of mother goddess [[Imoinu]] in Sanamahism.]]
[[Safflower]]s and ({{langx|mni|kushumlei}}) and [[Iris (plant)|irises]] ({{langx|mni|kombirei|label=none}}) are used as decorations during the [[Sajibu Cheiraoba]] (Lunar Near Year) celebrations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-25 |title=Kushumlei |url=https://medicinalplants.co.in/kushumlei/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Manipur Medicinal Plants |language=en-US}}</ref> The iris represents love, life and death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Lamphel Nawa Kombirei'' - Traditional offering at Cheiraoba: The most romantic flower in Manipur |author=Irengbam Mohendra Singh |date=24 March 2020 |url=http://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Lamphel_Nawa_Kombirei_Traditional_offering_at_Cheiraoba_By_Irengbam_Mohendra.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transplantation efforts on to save Manipur's indigenous flower 'Kombirei' |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/6996/transplantation-efforts-on-to-save-manipurs-indigenous-flower-kombirei |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref> It is frequently mentioned in the [[Meitei folktales]] and folk songs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iris laevigata - Water Iris |url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Water%20Iris.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Flowers of India}}</ref>
In honor of the iris, the [[Government of Manipur]] holds an annual Kombirei Festival, with the aim of to preserving the natural habitats of Manupuri flowers like the kombirei.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dy CM inaugurates Kombirei Festival -2021 |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/4/13/Imphal-Apr-12-DIPR-Deputy-Chief-Minister-Yumnam-Joykumar-Singh-has-reiterated-that-the-Government-is-committed-to-restore-water-bodies-to-conserve-rare-flora-and-fauna-of-Manipur-He-was-speaking.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |work=The Sangai Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-12 |title=Kombirei Festival kicks off |newspaper=Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2021/04/12/kombirei-festival-kicks-off/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Real plants mentioned in old texts ==
=== Cape jasmine ===
Giving reference to Meitei King [[Khagemba]] and the [[Manipur Kingdom]], the beauty and grace of [[Kaboklei|Lei Kabok]] flower, also called {{lang|mni|Kabok Lei}} ({{lang|la|[[Gardenia jasminoides]]}}, [[cape jasmine]]), is described by Meitei King [[Charairongba]], in his book, the "Leiron", as follows:
{{Blockquote|It is a flower that remains ever fresh as not eaten by worms and is fondly sought after in the four corners of [[Manipur Kingdom|the country]], eight directions, nay in all quarters. It is distinct for its beautiful shape, its tender stalk and for its pure white colour. It is a flower once nurtured by King [[Khagemba]] who preferred to take it with him even for his long home. It is a flower that comes handy to both boys and girls as a present of love. Such a luscious flower has blossomed forth in an unending array of white and definitely the season is of this flower.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |date=1996 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |pages=92, 93 |language=en, mni}}</ref>}}

== Real plants mentioned in folklore ==
=== Colocasia/Taro plantation folktale ===
In [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore]] of {{langnf|mni|Kangleipak|[[Manipur]]}}, {{langnf|mni|Pān|term1=[[Colocasia]] |term2=[[Taro]]}} plants are mentioned. In the [[Meitei folktale]] of the {{langnf|mni|[[Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba]]|term1=[[Old Man and Old Woman planting Colocasia]] |term2=[[Old Man and Old Woman planting Taro|Taro]]}},<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-16|title=Paan Thaba staged |newspaper=Pothashang News|url=https://www.pothashang.in/2018/04/16/paan-thaba-staged/|access-date=2021-04-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-06-07|title=Planting Taro: Subverting the Tale |newspaper=Pothashang News|url=https://www.pothashang.in/2018/06/07/planting-taro-subverting-tale/|access-date=2021-04-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Couple Plants Taro :: ''Hanuba-hanubi paan thaba Fungawari Singbul'' |author=B. Jayantakumar Sharma |translator=Akham Gautam Singh |date=8 August 2017 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Old_Couple_Plants_Taro_Hanuba_hanubi_paan_thaba_By_Akham_Gautam |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=E-pao}}</ref> an old aged lonely couple, who have no youths in their family, were deceived by some trickster monkeys, regarding the planting of the Colocasia/Taro plants in a very different unusual style of plantation.<ref>{{Cite book |section=The old couple and the taro plants |section-url=http://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n51/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|author=B. Jayantakumar Sharma |author2=Chirom Rajketan Singh |translator=Kamaljit Chirom |date=2014|page=51 |publisher=Cultural Research Centre Manipur |isbn=978-93-83201-14-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Hanube and Hanuba |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=hanube+and+hanuba&pg=PT33|title=New Folktales of Manipur|last=Oinam|first=James|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-945400-70-4|page=33|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Hanube and Hanuba |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=hanube+and+hanuba&pg=PT34|title=New Folktales of Manipur|last=Oinam|first=James|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-945400-70-4|page=34|language=en}}</ref>
The old couple agreed to do the monkeys' advices, peeling off the best tubers of the plants, then boiling them in a pot until softened and after cooling them off, wrapping them in banana leaves and putting them inside the soils of the grounds.<ref>{{Cite book |section=The old couple and the taro plants |section-url=http://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n52/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|author=B. Jayantakumar Sharma |author2=Chirom Rajketan Singh |translator=Kamaljit Chirom |date=2014|page=52 |publisher=Cultural Research Centre Manipur |isbn=978-93-83201-14-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Hanube and Hanuba |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=hanube+and+hanuba&pg=PT35|title=New Folktales of Manipur|last=Oinam|first=James|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-945400-70-4|page=35|language=en}}</ref>
In the middle of the night, the monkeys secretly came into the farm and ate all the well cooked plants. After their eating, they (monkeys) planted some inedible giant wild plants in the place where the old couple had placed the cooked plant tubers. In the morning, the old couple were amazed to see the plants getting fully grown up just after one day of planting the tubers. They were unaware of the tricks of the monkeys. So, the old couple cooked and ate the inedible wild Taro plants. As a reaction of eating the wild plants, they suffered from the unbearable [[tingling]] sensation in their [[throat]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |section=The old couple and the taro plants |section-url=http://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n53/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|author=B. Jayantakumar Sharma |author2=Chirom Rajketan Singh |translator=Kamaljit Chirom |date=2014|page=53 |publisher=Cultural Research Centre Manipur |isbn=978-93-83201-14-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Hanube and Hanuba |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=hanube+and+hanuba&pg=PT36|title=New Folktales of Manipur|last=Oinam|first=James|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-945400-70-4|page=36|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Oinam 37">{{Cite book |chapter=Hanube and Hanuba |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=hanube+and+hanuba&pg=PT37|title=New Folktales of Manipur|last=Oinam|first=James|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-945400-70-4|page=37|language=en}}</ref>

== Perspective of Mother nature ==
The narrative poem ''{{langx|omp|label=none|Hichan Hilao}}'' describes how the seventh-century King [[Luwang Ningthou Punshiba]] once told his men to cut down a tree in the forest in order to build a beautiful royal boat ({{langx|mni|[[hiyang hiren]]}}). His servants found a suitable tree growing on the slope of a mountain and by the side of a river. They performed traditional customary rites and rituals before chopping down the tree the following day.

During the night, Mother Nature began to weep, fearful of losing her dear child, the tree,<ref name='manihar singh'>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url= |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |date=1996 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |pages=16, 17 |language=en, mni}}</ref><ref name=datta>{{Cite book |last1=Datta |first1=Bīrendranātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRvaAAAAMAAJ |title=A Handbook of Folklore Material of North-East India |last2=Śarmā |first2=Nabīnacandra |date=1994 |publisher=Anundoram Borooah Institute of Language, Art & Culture, Assam |location=India |page=356 |language=en}}</ref><ref name='kumar'>{{Cite book |last=Barua |first=Lalit Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoECgkZ0Wu0C |title=Oral Tradition and Folk Heritage of North East India |date=1999 |publisher=Spectrum Publications |isbn=978-81-87502-02-9 |location=India |page=71 |language=en}}</ref> and she lamented:
{{Poem quote|text=|At dead of night
The mother who begot the tree
And the mother of all giant trees,
the queen of the hill-range
And the mistress of the gorges
Took the tall and graceful tree
To her bosom and wailed:
"O my son, tall and big,
While yet an infant, a sapling
Didn't I tell you to be an ordinary tree?

The king's men have found you out
and bought your life with gold and silver.
At daybreak, hacked at the trunk
You will be found lying prostrate.
No longer will you respond
to your mother's call
Nor a likeness of you shall be found,
when I survey The whole hillside.
Who shall now relieve my grief?|
char=Mother Nature|title=Hichen Hilao|source=
<ref name='manihar singh'/>}}

== See also ==
* [[Kumdamsei]]
* [[Hills and mountains in Meitei culture]]
* [[Birds in Meitei culture]]
* [[Animals in Meitei culture]]
* [[Vegetation deity]]
* [[Trees in mythology]]
* [[Sacred garden]]
* [[Sacred tree]]
* [[Floral emblem]]
* [[Plant epithet]]
* [[Nongmaiching Reserved Forest]]
* [[Flora (mythology)]]
* [[Greek garden]]
* [[Roman garden]]
* [[Nachom]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Plants in culture]]
[[Category:Sanamahism]]

Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi

2026-01-17T12:49:49Z

CaraVanOtterloo: added the entry with sources.

{{Short description|Indian Hindi television serial}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Jagannath aur purvi ki dosti anokhi poster.jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = Poster of Jagannath aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre =
| creator =
| based_on = 
| inspired_by = 
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay = Rajita Sharma
| story = Rajita Sharma
| director = Yusuf Farooq Ansari
| creative_director = Kunika Choudhary
| presenter = 
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| judges = 
| voices = 
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer = Devendra Bhome
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 90
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Rajita Sharma Vivek Budakoti
| news_editor = 
| location = [[Varanasi]] [[Mumbai]]
| cinematography =
| animator =
| editor = Shatrujeet Singh
| camera = 
| runtime = 20–22 minutes
| company = Katha Kottage Production
| budget =
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|02|07}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2022|06|10}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Everyone on the set was teary-eyed when we learnt that Jagannat Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi was ending, says Sahil Phull |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/everyone-on-the-set-was-teary-eyed-when-we-learnt-that-jagannat-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-was-ending-says-sahil-phull/articleshow/91742593.cms |access-date=2022-07-07 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en | first=Neha | last=Maheshwri | date=23 May 2022}}</ref>
| related = 
}}

'''''Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi''''', also known as '''''Dosti Anokhi''''', ({{Translation|''Strange friendship of Purvi & Jagannath''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi language]] television serial produced by Rajita Sharma and Vivek Budakoti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dosti Anokhi: High Drama! Jagannath and Kusum unaware of their children's true intentions |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/spoiler-alert/dosti-anokhi-high-drama-jagannath-and-kusum-unaware-of-their-children-s-true |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> It features Ishmeet Kohli, [[Rajendra Gupta]], and [[Sushmita Mukherjee]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushmita Mukherjee from Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi finds it disheartening to see how under-appreciated stay-at-home wives and mothers are |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/sushmita-mukherjee-jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-finds-it-disheartening-see-how |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> It is made under the banner of Katha Kottage Production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=Dosti Anokhi: What will be Jagannath's reaction to Purvi's such a big step? |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/dosti-anokhi-what-will-be-jagannath-s-reaction-to-purvi-s-such-a-big-step-1520163 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> The show aired from 7 February 2022 to 10 June 2022 on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dosti Anokhi: फरवरी के पहले सोमवार से शुरू होगी रिश्तों की ये नई कहानी, राजेंद्र गुप्ता संग डेब्यू करेंगी इस्मीत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-will-start-from-first-monday-of-feb-ismeet-will-debut-with-rajendra-gupta |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

The story is about an older couple, Pandit Jagannath and Kusum Mishra, and a girl named Purvi Singh,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-06 |title=सोनी टीवी के 'जगन्नाथ और पूर्वी की दोस्ती अनोखी' में एक दमदार किरदार निभाएंगी चित्रा बनर्जी |url=https://mayapuri.com/chitra-banerjee-to-portray-a-strong-character-in-sony-tvs-jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Mayapuri |language=en-US |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425030902/https://mayapuri.com/chitra-banerjee-to-portray-a-strong-character-in-sony-tvs-jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and their story after the Mishras' son, daughter-in-law, and daughter have emigrated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dosti Anokhi: Must Watch! Kusum and Jagannath call Purvi the daughter of the house |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/spoiler-alert/dosti-anokhi-must-watch-kusum-and-jagannath-call-purvi-the-daughter-of-the-house |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> The programme is focused on the time after 72-year-old Jagannath saves Poorvi's life and brings her to the Mishras' house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi: Purvi's parents apologise to her, will she go home with them? {{!}} TV Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-purvis-parents-apologise-to-her-will-she-go-home-with-them/videoshow/90598976.cms |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=Rajendra Gupta disheartened on not getting major roles in movies, says, 'Producers, makers and channels were not interested in senior actors like me' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/rajendra-gupta-disheartened-on-not-getting-major-roles-in-movies-says-producers-makers-and-channels-were-not-interested-in-senior-actors-like-me-101648011935817.html |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Holi Hai Bhai Holi Hai' on the sets of 'Dosti Anokhi'! |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/holi-hai-bhai-holi-hai-the-sets-of-dosti-anokhi-220318 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Everyone on the set was teary-eyed when we learnt that Jagannat Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi was ending, says Sahil Phull |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/everyone-on-the-set-was-teary-eyed-when-we-learnt-that-jagannat-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-was-ending-says-sahil-phull/articleshow/91742593.cms |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=The Times of India |date=23 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
72-year-old Pandit Jagannath Mishra, a former officer at Jal Nigam Varanasi, lives with his wife Kusum in the holy town of [[Varanasi]]. They have one son, Alok, and one daughter, Deepa, both of whom have left the house and emigrated abroad with their respective spouses. Meanwhile, in the city of [[Gorakhpur]], a young girl named Purvi Singh is in love with a boy named Babu Tripathi. Due to caste differences, she hides the relationship from her parents, who later find out and decide to marry Purvi to another man who is the same caste as her. Purvi runs away on the day of her engagement and leaves for Varanasi to meet Babu, who is unaware of everything. Upon reaching Benares, Babu angrily scolds her for eloping. Babu's reaction angers Poorvi, who jumps into the [[Ganges]] to commit suicide, but she is rescued by Pandit Jagannath. He takes her to his house and tells his wife of what has happened.

Purvi does not immediately tell Jagannath and Kusum about her life, but later, when Pandit Jagannath finds out Purvi's reasons for leaving home and trying to commit suicide, he calls Poorvi's parents. When Purvi's parents come to collect her, they scold and beat Poorvi instead of showing her love and compassion. When Jagannath witnesses Purvi being beaten by her parents, he saves Purvi and scolds her parents in return. Purvi's parents say that, from then on, they believe their daughter to be dead to them and leave. Jagannath allows Purvi to stay at the Mishras' house, and she agrees.

Purvi sees her boyfriend Babu every day. As Purvi begins to know the rude but lovely behaviour of Jagannath, she decides to change him for the better. Jagannath's friend Viren has a pension issue, which is solved by Purvi. However, in doing so, she is unable to celebrate [[Valentine's Day]] with Babu. When she meets him, Babu scolds her. Later, Jagannath gives Purvi a ''genda'' ([[Tagetes|Marigold]]) bouquet as a friendship memory, which she accepts. Viren's Pension letter was bought by Jagannath but when he goes to his home, Jagannath knows that his Best Friend Viren is no more and attends the last rituals of Viren in Harish Chandra Ghat of Varanasi. Where Viren's Son leaves his father body in fire alone. Jagannath was so much depressed and comes home. He tells Kusum don't do behaviour like Viren's son after his death. After missing her best friend, Jagannath becomes lonely and Purvi decides to make him again normal and she got success in her mission. All was going good, but Jagannath suffered a heart attack because of misinformation spread by Viren's Son by help of Subodh. Purvi sold her jewelry for Jagannath's treatment, which make the old couples emotional. Now Jagannath and Purvi have become good friends and the day came for court marriage of Purvi with Babu, she gets ready and went to Kacheri of Varanasi, but Babu does not show up. Later, he does come and tells her that he does not love her, and only did everything for the sake of hurting her. Jagannath tells Purvi to forget Babu and to start a new life, which is a proposition she accepts.

Soon, Jagannath's children begin to know about Purvi, and decide that she should be removed from their family's house. They came to Varanasi, where firstly Alok returns Jewels of Purvi to her. Now both children force Purvi to return to Gorakhpur and she decides finally. Jagannath and Kusum stop her, but they were unable to do it so. Purvi's Parents came to Jagannath's home, where Purvi's father tells that they can't bring Purvi back and they will put her in an Orphanage (Nari Niketan) but Kusum stops and tells that Purvi will live with them only and her parents goes back. Now Purvi knows that she is pregnant of child of Babu. Kusum goes to Subodh's shop and tells about Purvi where he disrespects with Kusum. After knowing the behaviour of Subodh, Jagannath goes to his house where Subodh beats Jagannath and Kashi saves him and he starts fight with Subodh Kant where Purvi screams and tells that she will not abort her baby and all leaves. Subodh wants to contest the election from Varanasi, but recognizes that Purvi's pregnancy could be a problem for him, so he decides to kill Purvi. Alok wants to open his Varanasi Saree Factory and takes a contract with Subodh and mortgages his house by the giving fake sign of his father. Subodh forces Alok to remove Purvi from his house, but he was unable to do it because of his mother and father. Subodh tells Alok that if he will not give interest, he will lose his house. In between this, Isha is accidentally shot by a gun in place of Purvi, and all the neighbours start a boycott of the Mishra family from society. Subodh take benefits of this and threats all family members. Now, All knows about the contract between Alok and Subodh. They were unable to meet the money requirements and Subodh starts the bid of selling of Jagannath's house and materials but Kashi comes and gives the rest of the money to Subodh and Subodh starts again misbehaving but Purvi gives him a strong Slap and he leaves from there. Later, Purvi tells all that Kashi has sold his Travel Agency for money. Kusum tells Deepa to return Delhi and Gunjan to Allahabad with Alok. Isha refuses to return Delhi and stays in Varanasi. Jagannath starts to look for work to return the money of Kashi, but he is not accepted. Purvi also finds work and gets a job of RJ in Radio Banaras. Kusum starts an [[achaar]] business on the advice of Isha and they get money for Kashi. Firstly Kashi refuses to take money but later accepts. Isha has feelings for Kashi from beginning and finally proposes to him, but he refuses because he loves Purvi. Deepa tells Kusum about the feelings of Isha to Kashi and Kusum tells Deepa to came to Varanasi. Kusum meets Kashi and asks to marry Isha, but Kashi tells her feeling to Purvi. Kusum tells Kashi to share her feelings to Purvi. The next day, Purvi meets him and Kashi says about his feelings. Purvi said that she doesn't want to break the friendship her and him have, and leaves. Now Isha calls her father Mayank, but he misbehaves with her and Deepa saves Isha. Now, Deepa and Isha leave for Delhi and Jagannath has forgiven Deepa. Purvi knows that Jagannath's father was very strict with him, so he does same with Alok. Purvi decides to reunite father and son with help of Kusum and she gets success. Kusum tells Jagannath that Purvi brought their house happiness back. Baby returns to their housework and all neighbours apologize to the Mishra Family. Kusum's Achar business is also going good.

One day, Purvi receives a phone call from her mother, who tells her that her father has died of a brain hemorrhage, and that she wants to apologize to Purvi. The Mishras do not allow Purvi's mother to live with them; instead, she is made to live in Delhi, and asks Purvi whether she will live with her or not. Purvi tells her mother that they have assumed that their daughter is dead. Kusum explains that Purvi's problem between her and her father is ended due to his death, and not to project that problem on her mother. She tells Purvi to go live with her mother. As Purvi packs, she sees the love locket of her and Kashi that was made by Isha. Purvi asks Kashi to tie the locket to her, and he does. Purvi tells Kashi to wait for her until her delivery. Purvi asks Jagannath to stop her, but he also tells her that it is time to leave. Purvi hugs Jagannath and starts crying. Purvi's mother arrives, and Purvi rushes to give her a hug. Both mother and daughter thank Jagannath and Kusum and leave. Jagannath laments that the couple are alone once more, but Kusum disagrees, as they have the sweet memories made with Purvi, and she tells him that if he calls her, she will rush to him. As all the clocks start ringing 9:00 a.m., Jagannath and Kusum begin their sweet, regular morning fight once again.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OMG! Dosti Anokhi's Purvi and Kusumji were caught having a major discussion, Check out |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/omg-dosti-anokhis-purvi-and-kusumji-were-caught-having-major-discussion-check-out-220330 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE! Dosti Anokhi fame Ismeet Kohli on her experience of working in theatre, TV, and web shows: The way you act changes with the change in the medium, however, the essence remains the same |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/interviews/exclusive-dosti-anokhi-fame-ismeet-kohli-her-experience-of-working-theatre-tv-and-web |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dosti Anokhi: WOW! Jagannath fulfils Kusum's wish with full dedication |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/spoiler-alert/dosti-anokhi-wow-jagannath-fulfils-kusum-s-wish-full-dedication-220309 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi Ep 1 Review: Rajendra Gupta, Ismeet's show is a breath of fresh air |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-ep-1-review-rajendra-gupta-ismeet-s-show-breath-fresh-air-1017607 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==

=== Main ===
* Ishmeet Kohli as Purvi Mishra (formerly Singh): Jagannath and Kusum's adoptive granddaughter, Babu's ex-girlfriend, and Kashi's love interest
* [[Rajendra Gupta]] as Pandit Jagannath Mishra: Kusum's husband, Alok and Deepa's father, Isha's grandfather, Kashi's adoptive father, and Purvi's adoptive grandfather
* [[Sushmita Mukherjee]] as Kusum Mishra: Jagannath's wife, Alok and Deepa's mother, Isha's grandmother, Kashi's adoptive mother, and Purvi's adoptive grandmother
* Sahil Phull as Kashi: Jagannath and Kusum's adoptive son, and Purvi's love interest

===Recurring===
* Naman Arora as Badri
* Subir Rana as Annirudh "Babu" Tripathi: Purvi's ex-boyfriend
* Chitra Banerjee as Deepa Mishra: Jagannath and Kusum's daughter, Mayank's ex-wife, and Esha's mother
* [[Palak Jain (actress, active since 2019)|Palak Jain]] as Esha Mishra: Mayank and Deepa's daughter
* Raj Singh Verma as Alok Mishra: Jagannath and Kusum's son
* Mamta Verma as Gunjan Mishra: Alok's wife, and Jagannath's and Kusum's daughter-in-law
* Muskkaan Sayed as Baby: the homemaker in the Mishras' House
* Sanjeev Singh Rathore as Subodh Kant Tripathi: Babu's father
* Priyamvada Sahay as Sandhya Tripathi: Babu's mother
* Sonali Jha as Dolly: Purvi's friend in Varanasi
* Akshay Verma as Mahendra Singh: Purvi's father
* Subeer Kasali as Purvi's mother

== See also ==
* [[List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=18249730}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-1700000865 ''Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224142234/https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-1700000865 |date=24 February 2022 }} on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi-series-online-618ba31b4ab90e986ed5384c8cbdd341 ''Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi''] on [[MX Player]]
* [https://www.setindia.com/in-en/shows/jagannath-aur-purvi-ki-dosti-anokhi/91 ''Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi''] on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]

2023 Minor League Cricket season

2026-01-15T07:37:06Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{Short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
|name = 2023 Minor League Cricket season
|image =
|image_size =
|caption = Official logo of the 2023 Minor League Cricket season (2023 MiLC).
|fromdate = {{start date|2023|08|4}}
|todate = {{end date|2023|10|7}}
|administrator = [[USA Cricket]] [[Major League Cricket]]
|cricket format = [[Twenty20]]
|tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
|champions = Dallas Mustangs
|count = 1
|participants = 26
|matches= 150
|attendance =
|player of the series = [[Andries Gous]]
|most runs = Andries Gous (DM) (516)
|most wickets = [[Muditha Fernando]] (SDSF) (25)
|website={{URL|https://minorleaguecricket.com}}
|previous_year = 2022
|previous_tournament = 2022 Minor League Cricket season
|next_year = 2024
|next_tournament = 2024 Minor League Cricket season
}}

The '''2023 Minor League Cricket season''' (branded as the '''2023 Sunoco Minor League Cricket championship'''<ref name="TitleSponsor">{{cite web|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/sunoco-announced-as-title-partner-for-2023-minor-league-cricket-championship-886961979.html |website=PRWeb |title=Sunoco announced as title partner for 2023 Minor League Cricket Championship |date=May 14, 2023 |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref> for sponsorship reasons and sometimes shortened to '''2023 MiLC''') was the third season of [[Minor League Cricket]],<ref name="TeamOwner">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/127470/minor-league-cricket-season-3-gets-underway-after-mlcs-success-cricbuzzcom |first=Smit |last=Patel |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |title=Minor League Cricket Season 3 gets underway after MLC's success |date=August 4, 2023 |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref> established by [[USA Cricket]] (USAC) and [[Major League Cricket]] (MLC) in 2019.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://wsj.com/sports/major-league-cricket-texas-7478fdd |first=Yusuf |last=Khan |url-access=subscription |journal=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=July 26, 2023 |title=Major League Cricket Is Here—in a Minor-League Baseball Stadium |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref> [[Sunoco]] returned from the [[2022 Minor League Cricket season|previous season]] as title sponsor, with [[Patel Brothers|Laxmi Foods]] and Bru Coffee also tapped as official sponsors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/laxmi-joins-official-partner-2023-130000837.html |website=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |date=May 11, 2023 |title=Laxmi joins as official partner for 2023 Minor League Cricket Championship |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiapost.com/bru-joins-as-official-partner-for-2023-minor-league-cricket-championship |newspaper=[[India Post|India Post Newspaper]] |date=June 28, 2023 |title=Bru Joins As Official Partner For 2023 Minor League Cricket Championship |access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref> The season was hosted over 19 venues across the [[United States]] from August 4 to October 7.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindustantimes.com/cricket/minor-league-cricket-championship-important-for-future-of-american-cricket-corey-anderson-101683630700116.html |newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]] |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Minor League Cricket Championship important for future of American cricket: Corey Anderson |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/minor-league-cricket-2023-milc/ |website=Czarsportz |date=July 30, 2023 |title=Sunoco Minor League Cricket (MiLC) 2023 begins in August |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref>

The tournament was won by the Dallas Mustangs, who defeated the New Jersey Somerset Cavaliers in the finals by 44 runs,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://emergingcricket.com/news/2023-milc-final-review/ |first=Nate |last=Hays |website=Emerging Cricket |date=October 4, 2023 |title=2023 Minor League Cricket Final: Kenjige, Sheikh lead Mustangs past Cavaliers |access-date=October 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/127939/nosthush-kenjige-and-ali-sheikh-inspire-dallas-mustangs-to-maiden-milc-title-cricbuzzcom |first=Smit |last=Patel |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Nosthush Kenjige and Ali Sheikh inspire Dallas Mustangs to maiden MiLC title |access-date=October 16, 2023}}</ref> with [[Andries Gous]] of the Dallas Mustangs winning the award for the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://washingtonfreedom.com/andries-gous-and-sujith-gowda-win-minor-league-cricket-title |publisher=[[Washington Freedom (cricket)|Washington Freedom]] |date=October 5, 2023 |title=Andries Gous and Sujith Gowda win Minor League Cricket |access-date=October 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTRLZHLzqoc |website=[[YouTube]] |author=Nate Hays, [[Adil Bhatti]] |title=Championship Review with Andries Gous and Adil Bhatti |access-date=October 16, 2023 |date=October 11, 2023}}</ref> The [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] were the defending champions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://seattletimes.com/seattle-news/major-league-cricket-is-coming-to-seattle-will-it-become-the-new-soccer |first=Nina |last=Shapiro |date=April 2, 2023 |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |title=Major League Cricket is coming to Seattle. Will it become the new soccer? |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref>

== Teams and venues ==
{{See also|Minor League Cricket teams}}
Ahead of the 2023 season, the former Florida Beamers franchise collapsed and was discontinued, leading to the creation of the newly formed Dallas Xforia Giants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.minorleaguecricket.com/2023/08/03/minor-league-cricket-returns-for-third-season-building-on-momentum-for-new-era-in-american-cricket/ |date=August 3, 2023 |website=[[Minor League Cricket]] |title=Minor League Cricket Returns for Third Season, Building on Momentum for New Era in American Cricket}}</ref> The [[Hollywood Master Blasters]] was also discontinued ahead of the season. Additionally, following a buyout by the Kingsmen Global Sports Group, the former [[Chicago Blasters]] underwent a name change to the [[Chicago Kingsmen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nytimes.com/2023/07/15/us/texas-cricket.html |author=J. David Goodman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=In the Land of Football, a Cricket Oasis Rises Outside Houston |access-date=August 7, 2023 |date=July 15, 2023}}</ref> with the former [[DC Hawks]] also undergoing a name change to the [[Baltimore Royals]].<ref name="TeamOwner" />

A complete list of ground venues, along with the 2023 season's schedule, was released on July 31.<ref name="Schedule">{{cite web|url=https://wisden.com/stories/minor-league-cricket-2023-schedule-full-fixtures-list-match-timings-usa-cricket-milc |website=[[Wisden Cricket Monthly|Wisden]] |date=August 3, 2023 |title=Minor League Cricket 2023 schedule: Full fixtures list and match timings |access-date=August 5, 2023}}</ref>

{{columns-start}}

=== Pacific Conference ===
'''Western Division'''
* [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] ([[San Francisco Peninsula|Bay Peninsula]]) – Morgan Hills Sports Complex
* [[Bay Blazers]] ([[East Bay]]) – Santa Clara Cricket Stadium
* [[SoCal Lashings]] ([[Los Angeles]]) – [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]]
* [[Golden State Grizzlies]] ([[Sacramento, California]]) – Arroyo Park
* [[San Diego Surf Riders]] ([[San Diego]]) – Canyonside Park
* [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] ([[Seattle]]) – Tollgate Farm Park

'''Central Division'''
* [[Chicago]]
** [[Chicago Kingsmen]] – Kingsmen Stadium
** [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] – Tigers Park
* [[Grand Prairie Stadium]] ([[Dallas]])
** Dallas Mustangs
** Dallas Xforia Giants
* [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] ([[Houston]]) – [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]]
* [[Lone Star Athletics]] ([[Austin, Texas|Austin]]) – [[Moosa Stadium]]
* Michigan Cricket Stars ([[Michigan]]) –
* St. Louis Americans ([[St. Louis]]) – ACAC Park

{{column}}
=== Atlantic Conference ===
'''Eastern Division'''
* [[Mercer County Park]] ([[Mercer County, New Jersey]])
** New England Eagles ([[Boston]])
** NJ Somerset Cavaliers ([[Somerset, New Jersey]])
** [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] ([[Jersey City, New Jersey]])
** Manhattan Yorkers ([[New York (state)|New York]])
* Empire State Titans ([[New York City]]) – Glenville Cricket Complex
* The Philadelphians ([[Philadelphia]]) – Hatfield Park
* [[Baltimore Royals]] ([[Baltimore]]) –

'''Southern Division'''
* ([[Atlanta]])
** Atlanta Fire – Param Veers Cricket Field
** Atlanta Lightning – Atlanta Cricket Field
* Orlando Galaxy ([[Orlando, Florida]]) –
* Morrisville Raptors ([[Morrisville, North Carolina]]) – [[Church Street Park]]
* Ft. Lauderdale Lions ([[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]) – [[Broward County Stadium]]

{{columns-end}}

{{location map+ |United States |float=center |width=600 |places=

{{location map~ |United States |lat=37.1269258 |long=-121.6285391 |label=Morgan Hill |position=right |mark=Orange pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=34.1787785 |long=-118.4786392 |label=[[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex|Woodley]]|position=right |mark=Orange pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=38.5545423 |long=-121.7765845 |label=Arroyo Park |position=right |mark=Orange pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=32.9417141 |long=-117.1321886 |label=Canyonside Park |position=left |mark=Orange pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=47.5023524 |long=-121.8024662 |label=Tollgate Farm Park |position=right |mark=Orange pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=37.303289 |long=-121.8587377 |label=Santa Clara |position=left |mark=Orange pog.svg}}

{{location map~ |United States |lat=29.5177303 |long=-95.3278327 |label=[[Moosa Stadium]] |position=bottom |mark=DeepPink pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=30.0867253 |long=-96.0065806 |label=Prairie View |position=right |mark=DeepPink pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=38.7352323 |long=-90.8032612 |label=ACAC Park |position=bottom |mark=DeepPink pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=32.7679332 |long=-96.9891244 |label=[[Grand Prairie Stadium|Grand Prairie]] |position=left |mark=DeepPink pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=41.188946 |long=-88.8982776 |label=Kingsmen |position=bottom |mark=DeepPink pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=41.9879075 |long=-88.339378 |label=Tigers Park |position=left |mark=DeepPink pog.svg}}

{{location map~ |United States |lat=40.2742347 |long=-75.3575134 |label=Hatfield Park |position=bottom |mark=Lightgreen pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=42.8681599 |long=-74.0307013 |label=Glenville |position=right |mark=Lightgreen pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=40.2572993 |long=-74.6344836 |label=[[Mercer County Park|Mercer]] |position=bottomleft|mark=Lightgreen pog.svg}}

{{location map~ |United States |lat=34.2878259 |long=-84.0391438 |label=Atlanta |position=bottom |mark=Turquoise pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=34.3302073 |long=-85.0207272 |label=Param Veers |position=left |mark=Turquoise pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=26.1391855 |long=-80.1998904 |label=[[Central Broward Stadium|Broward Stadium]] |position=bottom |mark=Turquoise pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United States |lat=35.8456303 |long=-78.8465163 |label=[[Church Street Park|Church St. Park]] |position=right |mark=Turquoise pog.svg}}
|AlternativeMap=USA edcp location map lite.svg
|caption=
* [[File:Orange pog.svg|15px]] – Western Division (Pacific Conference)
* [[File:DeepPink pog.svg|15px]] – Central Division (Pacific Conference)
* [[File:Lightgreen pog.svg|15px]] – Eastern Division (Atlantic Conference)
* [[File:Turquoise pog.svg|15px]] – Southern Division (Atlantic Conference)
}}

== Squads ==
A team could select a minimum of 14 players in their squad, going up to a maximum of 18 players.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://texashighways.com/travel/the-cricket-craze-comes-to-texas |newspaper=[[Texas Highways]] |author=Joe Nick Patoski |title=Cricket, Anyone? The New Grand Prairie Cricket Stadium West of Dallas is the Hub of American Pro Cricket |date=July 11, 2023 |access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref> The teams released their squads shortly before the start of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/minor-league-cricket-2023-full-squads-fixtures-preview-all-you-need-to-know/88734.htm |website=Cricket World |title=Minor League Cricket 2023: Full squads, Fixtures & Preview: All you need to know |date=August 3, 2023 |access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref>

<div class="mw-collapsible" style="overflow-y:auto; max-height:70vh;">
<div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Atlanta Fire'''
* [[Corné Dry]]
* [[Nasir Hossain]]
* [[Aaron Jones (cricketer)|Aaron Jones]]
* [[Jahmar Hamilton]]
* Zain Sayed
* [[Amila Aponso]]
* Jay Pathak
* Viraj Vaghela
* Nasik Khan
* Ridwan Palash
* Venukalyan Madireddy
* Ishan Sharma
* Ateendra Subramanian
* Rishi Pandey
* Neeshad Singh

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Atlanta Lightning'''
* Phani Simhadri
* [[Heath Richards]]
* [[Kyle Phillip]]
* Mark Parchment
* Hanchard Hamilton
* [[Sagar Patel]]
* [[Cassius Burton]]
* Neive McNally
* Aran Chenchu
* Akhil Posa
* [[Unmukt Chand]]
* Heer Patel
* Danush Kaveripakam
* Romario King
* Nitish Sudini

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Fort Lauderdale Lions (cricket)|Ft. Lauderdale Lions]]'''
* Adam Khan
* Bryan Gayle
* [[Danza Hyatt]]
* Elton Tucker Jr.
* Herlando Johnson
* [[Isaiah Rajah]]
* [[Javelle Glenn]]
* [[Kesrick Williams]]
* [[Kevin Stoute]]
* Marvin Darlington
* Omari Williams
* Rohan Ebanks
* Shuaib Syed
* [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]]
* Lenroy Whyte
* Zachary Sattaur
* Antonio Scott
* Ricky Nayar

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Morrisville Raptors'''
* Abhiram Bolisetty
* Aditya Ghode
* Aditya Gupta
* Aditya Padala
* Ansh Rai
* [[Dane Piedt]]
* Evroy Dyer
* Franklin Clement
* Karthikeya Jagadish
* Muhammad Abdullah
* Rasesh Behera
* Rohan Phadke
* [[Ryan Wiggins]]
* Sanjay Stanley
* Sarnam Patel
* [[Trevon Griffith]]
* Utkarsh Srivastava
* Vinothkumar Kandaswamy

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Orlando Galaxy'''
* Advait Varadarajan
* Bhaskaradipan Gnanasakthi
* Brynley Richards
* Devarshi Patel
* Dimitri Adams
* Dev Patel
* Hardik Desai
* Koushik Saha
* Manav Patel
* Matthew Comerie
* Meetul Patel
* [[Naseer Khan]]
* Rohit Dutchin
* Sumit Sehrawat
* William Trigar
* Hedo Leslie
* Kishun Balgobin

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Baltimore Royals]]'''
* [[Sarabjit Ladda]]
* [[Jaskaran Malhotra]]
* [[Ravi Inder Singh (cricketer)|Ravi Inder Singh]]
* Shamy Ghotra
* [[Keon Joseph]]
* [[Paul Palmer (cricketer)|Paul Palmer]]
* Sahil Kapoor
* [[Abdulahad Malik]]
* Neil Narvekar
* Pranto Ahmed
* Shrey Parmer
* [[Ritwik Behera]]
* Aaryan Batra
* Pargat Singh
* [[Bipul Sharma]]
* Aditya Venkatesh
* [[Derval Green]]
* Omkar Zope

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Empire State Titans'''
* [[Adil Bhatti]]
* Aman Patel
* Chintan Patel
* Christopher van Tull
* Deepak Puttur
* Dev Salian
* [[Javon Searles]]
* Keval Patel
* Kwame Patton Jr.
* Mario Lobban
* Savan Patel
* Tohidul Islam
* Towker Khan
* Vansh Patel
* Vidyut Rajagopal

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Manhattan Yorkers'''
* Abhyajit Khangura
* Danesh Patel
* Deep Joshi
* Deep Patel
* Dhruv Pawar
* Hiram Shallow
* Hiren Patel
* Manoj Acharya
* Miraaj Naidu
* Nisarg Desai
* Prannav Chettipalayam
* Preet Shah
* Rahul Mishra
* Santosh Sama
* Shiv Patel
* Surya Thurumella
* Vanditkumar Prajapati

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''New England Eagles'''
* [[Akshay Homraj]]
* Amit Patil
* Apurva Maheshram
* Azher Ali
* Burhan Saeed
* [[Christopher Barnwell]]
* Dinesh Gopi
* Gourav Grover
* Hemendra Ramdihal
* Jaladh Dua
* Rizwan Mazhar
* Samarth Tiwari
* Shaswat Ganisshan
* Sriram Velmurugan
* [[Sushant Modani]]

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''New Jersey Somerset Cavaliers'''
* Abdullah Ghazi
* Ahmed Labib
* Arya Garg
* [[Chandrapaul Hemraj]]
* Junaid Mahsood
* [[Karima Gore]]
* Noman Iftikhar
* Pranav Rao
* Richard Allen
* [[Saad Bin Zafar]]
* [[Shawn Findlay]]
* [[Steven Katwaroo]]
* [[Sunny Patel]]
* Abdullah Syed
* Waleed Karimullah
* [[Xavier Marshall]]
* [[Yasir Mohammad]]

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]'''
* Arjun Vajjala
* [[Bhaskar Yadram]]
* [[Cameron Delport]]
* [[Derone Davis]]
* [[Dominique Rikhi]]
* [[Jessy Singh|Jasdeep Singh]]
* [[Karan Patel (cricketer)|Karan Patel]]
* [[Monank Patel]]
* Raahil Amarshi
* Raymond Ramrattan
* [[Sachin Mylavarapu]]
* [[Saiteja Mukkamalla]]
* Shayaan Saad
* Siddarth Matani
* Stephen Wiig
* Varun Mantha

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Philadelphians (team)|The Philadelphians]]'''
* [[Aaron Johnson (cricketer)|Aaron Johnson]]
* Abdul Mohammed
* Aditya Sharma
* Anirudh Immanuel
* Chiranshu Bhatia
* Derick Narine
* Deveshwari Prashad
* Gauranshu Sharma
* [[Jonathan Foo]]
* Juanoy Drysdale
* [[Liam Plunkett]]
* [[Mario Rampersaud]]
* Raj Nannan
* [[Rajdeep Darbar]]
* [[Ryan Scott (cricketer)|Ryan Scott]]
* Sivaram Sharma
* Soripul Islam
* Trinson Carmichael

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Lone Star Athletics]]'''
* [[Ali Nasir (cricketer)|Ali Nasir]]
* Arya Kannantha
* Gourav Bajaj
* Hamza Khalid
* Josh Saripella
* Laksh Parikh
* [[Milind Kumar]]
* [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]]
* [[Pawan Suyal]]
* Pranav Bhattad
* Shahiq Memon
* [[Shayan Jahangir]]
* Shreyan A
* [[Shubham Ranjane]]
* Sidhesh Pathare

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Chicago Kingsmen'''
* Aayush Thakkar
* Ahsan Ahmed
* Ali Samad
* [[Anwar Ali (cricketer)|Anwar Ali]]
* [[Asif Mehmood (cricketer)|Asif Mehmood]]
* [[Haseeb Azam]]
* [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]]
* Kevin Phillip
* Manav Brahmbhatt
* [[Mir Hamza]]
* Najam Iqbal
* Shaheer Hasan
* [[Sharjeel Khan]]
* [[Saad Ali]]
* [[Tajinder Singh]]
* [[Zia-ul-Haq (Pakistani cricketer)|Zia-ul-Haq]]
* [[Fawad Alam]]

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]'''
* [[Calvin Savage]]
* [[Cody Chetty]]
* Datta Prakash
* Deepchand Pinnaka
* Ferhan Ali
* [[Jay Desai]]
* Jay Patel
* Karan Kumar
* Kumar Subramanian
* Manan Patel
* Mittansh Nithiyanandam
* Mohit Patel
* Mujeed Ahmed
* Pruthvish Patel
* Rahul Basu
* Shiv Shani
* Tirth Patel
* Vineet Sinha

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]'''
* Ahsan Shah
* [[Ali Khan (American cricketer)|Ali Khan]]
* Arir Ali
* [[Asad Shafiq]]
* Hamza Bangash
* Hassan Rashid
* Huzefa Ahmed
* Joshua Tromp
* Karthik Gattepalli
* Matthew Tromp
* [[Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer)|Mukhtar Ahmed]]
* Rayaan Bhagani
* [[Saif Badar]]
* [[Saqlain Haider]]
* Usman Ashraf
* [[Usman Rafiq]]

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Dallas Mustangs'''
* Adnan Haroon
* Ali Shiekh
* [[Andries Gous]]
* [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]]
* [[Ehsan Adil]]
* [[Hammad Azam]]
* [[Jannisar Khan]]
* [[Kosala Kulasekara]]
* [[Naseer Jamali]]
* [[Nauman Anwar]]
* [[Nosthush Kenjige]]
* Prathamesh Pawar
* Rishi Ramesh
* Rushil Ugarkar
* [[Salman Irshad]]
* Sujith Gowda

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Dallas Xforia Giants'''
* [[Aakarshit Gomel]]
* Abhinav Choudhary
* Abhiram Valisammagari
* Advaith Jagannath
* Ajay Masand
* Akhilesh Bodugum
* Ankit Khera
* [[Chaitanya Bishnoi]]
* [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]]
* Pranav Narsetty
* [[Rameez Raja Jr.|Rameez Raja]]
* Rehman Dar
* Sachin Asokan
* Sankirth Batthula
* [[Smit Patel]]

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''Michigan Cricket Stars'''
* [[Abul Hasan (cricketer)|Abul Hasan]]
* Akhil Kumar
* [[Anas Mahmood]]
* Aryan Patel
* Kamran Shaikh
* [[Mohammad Mohsin (cricketer, born 1996)|Mohammad Mohsin]]
* Muhammad Kamal
* [[Mohammad Waqas (cricketer, born 1990)|Mohammad Waqas]]
* Raj Vyas
* Rayyan Mohammed
* [[Rizwan Cheema]]
* Santhosh Ramasamy
* Mufassir Ali
* [[Zeeshan Maqsood]]
* Zia Khan

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''St. Louis Americans'''
* Adada Tarunsai
* Ahmed Ali Mir
* Angad Bhatia
* Arnav Jhamb
* Bhavya Mehta
* [[Justin Dill]]
* [[Kranthi Kumar]]
* Nikhil Kanchan
* Parth Mehta
* Sam Das
* Sandeep Sivaram
* Siddhant Shah
* Shaunak Manjure
* Sudhanshu Bajpai
* Ujjwal Vinnakota

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Bay Blazers]]'''
* Aakash Sundraresan
* Abhi Singh
* [[Abhishek Paradkar]]
* Adithya Ganesh
* Amogh Arepally
* [[Angelo Perera]]
* [[Brody Couch]]
* [[Carmi le Roux]]
* [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]]
* [[Hamza Tariq]]
* Harikrishnan Nair
* Mohammad Katawazai
* [[Musadiq Ahmed]]
* Rudrik Suthar
* [[Rusty Theron]]
* [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]]
* [[Srimantha Wijeyeratne]]
* Vikash Mohan

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Golden State Grizzlies]]'''
* [[Anthony Bramble]]
* Asad Khan
* Dilpreet Billing
* Kakani Harish
* John Bangaru
* Karan Chandel
* Khalid Atrifi
* Mohit Nataraj
* Neeraj Goel
* Pranavh Pradeep
* [[Sadaf Hussain]]
* [[Sami Aslam]]
* Shivam Mishra
* Sohan Bhat
* Tejas Makineedi
* Varad Kane
* [[Vatsal Vaghela]]
* [[Zia Shahzad]]

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[San Diego Surf Riders]]'''
* Muhammad Abbas
* Abhinay Reddy
* [[Adit Gorawara]]
* Adnesh Tondale
* Burhan Bharmal
* Chad Breetzke
* Devam Shrivastava
* [[Muditha Fernando]]
* [[Greg Hay]]
* Jaideep Reddy
* Karthik Venuri
* [[Marty Kain]]
* [[Nikhil Dutta]]
* [[Nisarg Patel]]
* Pratik Desai
* Anantha Raju
* Vedant Jain

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Seattle Thunderbolts (cricket)|Seattle Thunderbolts]]'''
* Cinci Siegertsz
* Dev Singh
* Dilpreet Singh
* [[Harsh Thaker]]
* Jagroop Raina
* Mansingh Nigade
* [[Mehdi Hasan (Indian cricketer)|Mehdi Hasan]]
* Nital Vasavada
* [[Mudi Prajith]]
* Rahul Nama
* [[Rishi Bhardwaj]]
* Sanat Mishra
* [[Shadley van Schalkwyk]]
* Shashwat Kohli

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[Silicon Valley Strikers]]'''
* Anshul Singh
* Arsh Buch
* Dev Thadani
* [[Gary Graham (cricketer)|Gary Graham]]
* Kulvinder Singh
* [[Lahiru Milantha]]
* Mohak Buch
* [[Pankaj Kumar Rao]]
* Pranay Suri
* [[Rahul Jariwala]]
* Rounak Rao
* Ruchir Joshi
* [[Saurabh Netravalkar]]
* [[Shehan Jayasuriya]]
* Siddhant Senthil
* Srinivas Raghavan
* Umang Parikh

</div><div style="display:inline-table; margin-right:5%">
'''[[SoCal Lashings]]'''
* [[Abhimanyu Rajp]]
* Ayan Desai
* Daksh Prabhu
* [[Elmore Hutchinson]]
* [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia|Harpreet Singh]]
* [[James Seymour (Australian cricketer)|James Seymour]]
* Jaykishan Plaha
* [[Mrunal Patel]]
* Pranay Pagydyala
* Rajveer Khosa
* [[Ravi Timbawala]]
* Rubal Raina
* [[Ruben Clinton]]
* Sanchit Sandhu
* Uzair Siddiqui
* Wais Quraishi
* Zaid Tariq
* [[Zohaib Ahmed]]

</div></div>

== Results ==
=== Atlantic Conference ===
{{#invoke:sports results|main
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/results Minor League Cricket]
| update = September 30, 2023
| a_note = yes
| matches_style = FBR
|team1=NEE |team2=NJSC |team3=NJS |team4=EST |team5=MY |team6=TP |team7=BR |team8=AF |team9=AL |team10=FLL |team11=MR |team12=OG

| name_NEE = Eagles
| name_NJSC = Cavaliers
| name_NJS = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|Stallions]]
| name_EST = Titans
| name_MY = Yorkers
| name_TP = Philadelphians
|name_BR = [[Baltimore Royals|Royals]]
|name_AF = Fire
|name_AL = Lightning
|name_FLL = Lions
| name_MR = Raptors
| name_OG = Galaxy

|match_NEE_NJSC = 2–1
|match_NEE_NJS = 0–2
|match_NEE_EST = 2–0
|match_NEE_MY = 0–1
|match_NEE_TP = 1–1
|match_NEE_BR = –
|match_NEE_AF = –
|match_NEE_AL = –
|match_NEE_FLL = –
|match_NEE_MR = –
|match_NEE_OG = –

|match_NJSC_NEE = 1–2
|match_NJSC_NJS = 2–1
|match_NJSC_EST = 1–1
|match_NJSC_MY = 2–0
|match_NJSC_TP = 1–1
|match_NJSC_BR = –
|match_NJSC_AF = 1–0
|match_NJSC_AL = 1–0
|match_NJSC_FLL = –
|match_NJSC_MR = –
|match_NJSC_OG = –

|match_NJS_NEE = 2–0
|match_NJS_NJSC = 1–2
|match_NJS_EST = 2–0
|match_NJS_MY = 1–1
|match_NJS_TP = 0–2
|match_NJS_BR = –
|match_NJS_AF = –
|match_NJS_AL = –
|match_NJS_FLL = –
|match_NJS_MR = –
|match_NJS_OG = –

|match_EST_NEE = 0–2
|match_EST_NJSC = 1–1
|match_EST_NJS = 0–2
|match_EST_MY = 2–0
|match_EST_TP = 0–1
|match_EST_BR = –
|match_EST_AF = –
|match_EST_AL = –
|match_EST_FLL = –
|match_EST_MR = –
|match_EST_OG = –

|match_MY_NEE = 1–0
|match_MY_NJSC = 0–2
|match_MY_NJS = 1–1
|match_MY_EST = 0–2
|match_MY_TP = 0–2
|match_MY_BR = –
|match_MY_AF = –
|match_MY_AL = –
|match_MY_FLL = –
|match_MY_MR = –
|match_MY_OG = –

|match_TP_NEE = 1–1
|match_TP_NJSC = 2–1
|match_TP_NJS = 2–0
|match_TP_EST = 1–0
|match_TP_MY = 2–0
|match_TP_BR = –
|match_TP_AF = 0–1
|match_TP_AL = 0–1
|match_TP_FLL = –
|match_TP_MR = –
|match_TP_OG = –

|match_BR_NEE = –
|match_BR_NJSC = –
|match_BR_NJS = –
|match_BR_EST = –
|match_BR_MY = –
|match_BR_TP = –
|match_BR_AF = 0–1
|match_BR_AL = 0–2
|match_BR_FLL = 1–1
|match_BR_MR = 1–1
|match_BR_OG = 2–0

|match_AF_NEE = –
|match_AF_NJSC = 0–1
|match_AF_NJS = –
|match_AF_EST = –
|match_AF_MY = –
|match_AF_TP = 1–0
|match_AF_BR = 1–0
|match_AF_AL = 0–2
|match_AF_FLL = 2–1
|match_AF_MR = 2–0
|match_AF_OG = 2–0

|match_AL_NEE = –
|match_AL_NJSC = 0–1
|match_AL_NJS = –
|match_AL_EST = –
|match_AL_MY = –
|match_AL_TP = 1–0
|match_AL_BR = 2–0
|match_AL_AF = 2–1
|match_AL_FLL = 1–1
|match_AL_MR = 0–0
|match_AL_OG = 2–0

|match_FLL_NEE = –
|match_FLL_NJSC = –
|match_FLL_NJS = –
|match_FLL_EST = –
|match_FLL_MY = –
|match_FLL_TP = –
|match_FLL_BR = 1–1
|match_FLL_AF = 1–2
|match_FLL_AL = 1–1
|match_FLL_MR = 0–0
|match_FLL_OG = 2–0

|match_MR_NEE = –
|match_MR_NJSC = –
|match_MR_NJS = –
|match_MR_EST = –
|match_MR_MY = –
|match_MR_TP = –
|match_MR_BR = 1–1
|match_MR_AF = 0–2
|match_MR_AL = 0–0
|match_MR_FLL = 0–0
|match_MR_OG = 1–1

|match_OG_NEE = –
|match_OG_NJSC = –
|match_OG_NJS = –
|match_OG_EST = –
|match_OG_MY = –
|match_OG_TP = –
|match_OG_BR = 0–2
|match_OG_AF = 0–2
|match_OG_AL = 0–2
|match_OG_FLL = 0–2
|match_OG_MR = 1–1
}}

=== Pacific Conference ===
{{#invoke:sports results|main
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/results Minor League Cricket]
| update = August 11, 2023
| a_note = yes
| matches_style = FBR
|team1=SVS |team2=EBB |team3=SCL |team4=GSG |team5=SDR |team6=ST |team7=LSA |team8=CK |team9=CT |team10=DM |team11=DXG |team12=HH |team13=MCS |team14=SLA

| name_SVS = [[Silicon Valley Strikers|Strikers]]
| name_EBB = [[Bay Blazers|Blazers]]
| name_SCL = [[SoCal Lashings|Lashings]]
| name_GSG = [[Golden State Grizzlies|Grizzlies]]
| name_SDR = [[San Diego Surf Riders|Riders]]
| name_ST = [[Seattle Thunderbolts|Thunderbolts]]
| name_LSA = [[Lone Star Athletics|Athletics]]
| name_CK = [[Chicago Kingsmen|Kingsmen]]
| name_CT = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Tigers]]
| name_DM = Mustangs
| name_DXG = Giants
| name_HH = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Hurricanes]]
| name_MCS = Stars
| name_SLA = Americans

| match_SVS_EBB = 0–1
| match_SVS_SCL = 1–1
| match_SVS_GSG = 2–0
| match_SVS_SDR = 2–0
| match_SVS_ST = 1–1
|match_SVS_LSA = –
|match_SVS_CK = –
|match_SVS_CT = –
|match_SVS_DM = –
| match_SVS_DXG = –
|match_SVS_HH = –
|match_SVS_MCS = –
|match_SVS_SLA = –

| match_EBB_SVS = 1–0
| match_EBB_SCL = 2–0
| match_EBB_GSG = 2–0
| match_EBB_SDR = 2–0
| match_EBB_ST = 1–1
|match_EBB_LSA = –
|match_EBB_CK = –
|match_EBB_CT = –
|match_EBB_DM = –
| match_EBB_DXG = –
|match_EBB_HH = –
|match_EBB_MCS = –
|match_EBB_SLA = –

| match_SCL_SVS = 1–1
| match_SCL_EBB = 0–2
| match_SCL_GSG = 0–2
| match_SCL_SDR = 2–0
| match_SCL_ST = 1–1
|match_SCL_LSA = –
|match_SCL_CK = –
|match_SCL_CT = –
|match_SCL_DM = –
| match_SCL_DXG = –
|match_SCL_HH = –
|match_SCL_MCS = –
|match_SCL_SLA = –

| match_GSG_SVS = 0–2
| match_GSG_EBB = 0–2
| match_GSG_SCL = 2–0
| match_GSG_SDR = 1–1
| match_GSG_ST = 1–1
|match_GSG_LSA = –
|match_GSG_CK = –
|match_GSG_CT = –
|match_GSG_DM = –
| match_GSG_DXG = –
|match_GSG_HH = –
|match_GSG_MCS = –
|match_GSG_SLA = –

| match_SDR_SVS = 0–2
| match_SDR_EBB = 0–2
| match_SDR_SCL = 0–2
| match_SDR_GSG = 1–1
| match_SDR_ST = 2–0
|match_SDR_LSA = –
|match_SDR_CK = –
|match_SDR_CT = –
|match_SDR_DM = –
| match_SDR_DXG = –
|match_SDR_HH = –
|match_SDR_MCS = –
|match_SDR_SLA = –

| match_ST_SVS = 1–1
| match_ST_EBB = 1–1
| match_ST_SCL = 1–1
| match_ST_GSG = 1–1
| match_ST_SDR = 0–2
|match_ST_LSA = –
|match_ST_CK = –
|match_ST_CT = –
|match_ST_DM = –
| match_ST_DXG = –
|match_ST_HH = –
|match_ST_MCS = –
|match_ST_SLA = –

| match_LSA_SVS = –
| match_LSA_EBB = –
| match_LSA_SCL = –
| match_LSA_GSG = –
| match_LSA_SDR = –
| match_LSA_ST = –
|match_LSA_CK = 0–0
|match_LSA_CT = 1–0
|match_LSA_DM = 1–1
| match_LSA_DXG = 1–1
|match_LSA_HH = 1–1
|match_LSA_MCS = 0–1
|match_LSA_SLA = 1–0

| match_CK_SVS = –
| match_CK_EBB = –
| match_CK_SCL = –
| match_CK_GSG = –
| match_CK_SDR = –
| match_CK_ST = –
|match_CK_LSA = 0–0
|match_CK_CT = 0–1
|match_CK_DM = 1–0
| match_CK_DXG = 0–1
|match_CK_HH = 1–0
|match_CK_MCS = 0–1
|match_CK_SLA = 2–0

| match_CT_SVS = –
| match_CT_EBB = –
| match_CT_SCL = –
| match_CT_GSG = –
| match_CT_SDR = –
| match_CT_ST = –
|match_CT_LSA = 0–1
|match_CT_CK = 1–0
|match_CT_DM = 0–1
| match_CT_DXG = 0–1
|match_CT_HH = 0–1
|match_CT_MCS = 0–2
|match_CT_SLA = 1–1

| match_DM_SVS = –
| match_DM_EBB = –
| match_DM_SCL = –
| match_DM_GSG = –
| match_DM_SDR = –
| match_DM_ST = –
|match_DM_LSA = 1–1
|match_DM_CK = 0–1
|match_DM_CT = 1–0
| match_DM_DXG = 2–0
|match_DM_HH = 2–0
|match_DM_MCS = 1–0
|match_DM_SLA = 1–0

| match_DXG_SVS = –
| match_DXG_EBB = –
| match_DXG_SCL = –
| match_DXG_GSG = –
| match_DXG_SDR = –
| match_DXG_ST = –
|match_DXG_LSA = 1–1
|match_DXG_CK = 1–0
|match_DXG_CT = 1–0
|match_DXG_DM = 0–2
|match_DXG_HH = 1–1
|match_DXG_MCS = 1–0
|match_DXG_SLA = 0–0

| match_HH_SVS = –
| match_HH_EBB = –
| match_HH_SCL = –
| match_HH_GSG = –
| match_HH_SDR = –
| match_HH_ST = –
|match_HH_LSA = 1–1
|match_HH_CK = 0–1
|match_HH_CT = 1–0
|match_HH_DM = 0–2
| match_HH_DXG = 1–1
|match_HH_MCS = 0–1
|match_HH_SLA = 1–0

| match_MCS_SVS = –
| match_MCS_EBB = –
| match_MCS_SCL = –
| match_MCS_GSG = –
| match_MCS_SDR = –
| match_MCS_ST = –
|match_MCS_LSA = 1–0
|match_MCS_CK = 1–0
|match_MCS_CT = 2–0
|match_MCS_HH = 0–1
|match_MCS_DM = 0–1
| match_MCS_DXG = 1–0
|match_MCS_SLA = 1–1

| match_SLA_SVS = –
| match_SLA_EBB = –
| match_SLA_SCL = –
| match_SLA_GSG = –
| match_SLA_SDR = –
| match_SLA_ST = –
|match_SLA_LSA = 0–1
|match_SLA_CK = 0–2
|match_SLA_CT = 1–1
|match_SLA_HH = 0–1
|match_SLA_DM = 0–1
| match_SLA_DXG = 0–0
|match_SLA_MCS = 1–1
}}

== League stage ==
The league stage ran from August 5 to September 17.<ref name="TeamOwner" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/127833/milc-week-7-wrap-defending-champions-thunderbolts-knocked-out |first=Smit |last=Patel |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=September 19, 2023 |title=MiLC Week 7 Wrap: Defending champions Thunderbolts knocked out |access-date=September 29, 2023}}</ref>

=== Atlantic Conference ===
==== Southern Division ====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=September 17, 2023
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/standings Minor League Cricket]
| show_tie = no
| showteam = {{{team}}}

|result1=Q |result2=E |result3=E

|team5=MR |team2=AF |team1=AL |team3=FLL |team6=OG |team4=BR

|win_AF = 6 |loss_AF = 3 |nr_AF = 1 |nrr_AF=1.2716
|win_OG = 1 |loss_OG = 9 |nr_OG = |nrr_OG=-2.4777
|win_MR = 2 |loss_MR = 4 |nr_MR = 4 |nrr_MR=-0.2560
|win_AL = 7 |loss_AL = 1 |nr_AL = 2 |nrr_AL=1.6809
|win_FLL = 5 |loss_FLL = 3 |nr_FLL = 2 |nrr_FLL=-0.2540
|win_BR = 4 |loss_BR = 5 |nr_BR = 1 |nrr_BR=0.4252

|name_AF = Atlanta Fire
|name_OG = Orlando Galaxy
|name_MR = Morrisville Raptors
|name_AL = Atlanta Lightning
|name_FLL = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
|name_BR = Baltimore Royals

| col_Q=#cfc| col_E=#ffc| col_X=#fcc
}}
* Top three teams move on
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advances to Super 8s
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#ffc}} advances to Knockout stage

{{hidden begin
|title = Division matches
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 5, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Morrisville Raptors
| team2 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| score1 = 157/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 160/4 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Trevon Griffith]] 52 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Sarabjit Ladda]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abdulahad Malik]] 71 (50)
| wickets2 = Aditya Padala 2/20 (3.4 overs)
| result = [[Baltimore Royals]] won by 6 wickets (with 2 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=428&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[Morrisville, North Carolina|Morrisville]]
| umpires = Tarak Janapareddy and Vijaya Mallela
| motm = [[Abdulahad Malik]] (BR)
| toss = Baltimore Royals won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 6, 2023
| time = 8:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| team2 = Morrisville Raptors
| score1 = 160/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 161/5 (19 overs)
| runs2 = [[Trevon Griffith]] 77[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 = [[Bipul Sharma]] 1/19 (4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ravi Inder Singh (cricketer)|Ravi Inder Singh]] 46 (38)
| wickets1 = Aditya Padala 2/37 (4 overs)
| result = Morrisville Raptors won by 5 wickets (with 6 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=430&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[Morrisville, North Carolina|Morrisville]]
| umpires = Vijaya Mallela and Alvin Burnett
| motm = [[Trevon Griffith]] (MR)
| toss = Baltimore Royals won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 12, 2023
| time = 6:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Orlando Galaxy
| team2 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| score1 = 81 (16.5 overs)
| score2 = 82/3 (12 overs)
| runs2 = Rohit Dutchin 32 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Bipul Sharma]] 3/5 (1.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jaskaran Malhotra]] 38 (33)
| wickets1 = Dimitri Adams 2/32 (4 overs)
| result = [[Baltimore Royals]] won by 7 wickets (with 48 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=441&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[Morrisville, North Carolina|Morrisville]]
| umpires = Vijaya Mallela and Rahul Patwardhan
| motm = Shamy Ghotra (BR)
| toss = Baltimore Royals won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 12:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| team2 = Orlando Galaxy
| score1 = 140 (20 overs)
| score2 = 64 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jaskaran Malhotra]] 52 (49)
| wickets2 = Sumit Sehrawat 5/20 (4 overs)
| runs1 = Naseer Ahmed 25 (24)
| wickets1 = [[Sarabjit Ladda]] 5/17 (4 overs)
| result = [[Baltimore Royals]] won by 76 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=446&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[Morrisville, North Carolina|Morrisville]]
| umpires = Alvin Burnett and Rahul Patwardhan
| motm = [[Sarabjit Ladda]] (BR)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 10:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Fire
| team2 = Orlando Galaxy
| score1 = 190/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 60 (16.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jahmar Hamilton]] 56[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets1 = Sumit Sehrawat 4/49 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Advait Varadarajan 19 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Amila Aponso]] 4/9 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 130 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=457&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Nur Uddin and Conrad Rogers
| motm = [[Amila Aponso]] (AF)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| team2 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 167/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sagar Patel]] 32 (28)
| wickets1 = Vinit Tagarse 5/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] 60[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets2 = [[Pankaj Kumar Rao]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 27 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=460&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Judson Edwards and Sandip Gondhalekar
| motm = [[Hussain Talat]] (AL)
| toss = Atlanta Lightning won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 20, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| team2 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 146/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 134/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] 46 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Cassius Burton]] 1/15 (3 overs)
| runs2 = Mark Parchment 37 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Kevin Stoute]] 5/16 (4 overs)
| result = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won by 12 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=462&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Nur Uddin and Judson Edwards
| motm = [[Kevin Stoute]] (FLL)
| toss = Atlanta Lightning won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 20, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Orlando Galaxy
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| score1 = 83 (19 overs)
| score2 = 88/4 (12.1 overs)
| runs1 = Dimitri Adams 17 (21)
| wickets1 = [[Corné Dry]] 5/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kennar Lewis]] 52 (33)
| wickets2 = Bhaskaradipan Gnanasakthi 3/13 (3 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 6 wickets (with 47 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=466&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Judson Edwards and Conrad Rogers
| motm = [[Corné Dry]] (AF)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 26, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Fire
| team2 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 133/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 136/6 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kennar Lewis]] 50 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Hussain Talat]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Jesse Bootan 39[[not out|*]] (27)
| wickets2 = [[Nasir Hossain]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 4 wickets (with 9 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=570&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Sandip Gondhalekar and Conrad Rogers
| motm = [[Junaid Siddiqui]] (AL)
| toss = Atlanta Fire won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 26, 2023
| time = 6:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Orlando Galaxy
| team2 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 121/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 125/4 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = Advait Varadarajan 56 (48)
| wickets1 = [[Isaiah Rajah]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kevin Stoute]] 37[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = Dimitri Adams 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won by 6 wickets (with 20 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=474&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Central Broward Park|Broward County Stadium]], [[Florida]]
| umpires = Alwin Salmon and Max Diah
| motm = [[Kevin Stoute]] (FLL)
| toss = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 27, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| score1 = 176/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 158/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sagar Patel]] 59[[not out|*]] (48)
| wickets1 = [[Jeremy Gordon]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Corné Dry]] 41[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Hussain Talat]] 4/23 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 18 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=477&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Conrad Rogers and Nur Uddin
| motm = [[Sagar Patel]] (AL)
| toss = Atlanta Lightning won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 27, 2023
| time = 6:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| team2 = Orlando Galaxy
| score1 = 160 (20 overs)
| score2 = 151/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] 77 (49)
| wickets1 = Hardik Desai 3/17 (3 overs)
| runs2 = Meetul Patel 42 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Kevin Stoute]] 4/31 (4 overs)
| result = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won by 9 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=479&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Central Broward Park|Broward County Stadium]], [[Florida]]
| umpires = [[Billy Taylor (cricketer, born 1977)|Billy Taylor]] (ENG) and David Maitland (USA)
| motm = [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] (FLL)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Fire
| team2 = Morrisville Raptors
| score1 = 148/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 129/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Obus Pienaar]] 46 (30)
| wickets1 = Evroy Dyer 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dane Piedt]] 36[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets2 = [[Amila Aponso]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 19 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=480&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and Conrad Rogers
| motm = [[Obus Pienaar]] (AF)
| toss = Morrisville Raptors won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 12:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| team2 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 178/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 107 (15 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abdulahad Malik]] 57[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets1 = [[Kevin Stoute]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] 30 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Sarabjit Ladda]] 4/16 (3 overs)
| result = [[Baltimore Royals]] won by 71 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=483&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Nur Uddin and Judson Edwards
| motm = [[Abdulahad Malik]] (BR)
| toss = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| team2 = Orlando Galaxy
| score1 = 154/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 56 (16.1 overs)
| runs1 = Mark Parchment 52 (40)
| wickets1 = Praveen Borra 3/26 (3 overs)
| runs2 = Dimitri Adams 18 (24)
| wickets2 = Phani Simhadri 2/6 (3 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 98 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=485&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and Anvesh Achanta
| motm = Mark Parchment (AL)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| score1 = 98/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 100/7 (17 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ashley Nurse]] 42[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets1 = [[Corné Dry]] 2/5 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nasir Hossain]] 22[[not out|*]] (42)
| wickets2 = [[Ashley Nurse]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 3 wickets (with 18 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=490&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Nur Uddin and Aditya Gajjar
| motm = [[Nasir Hossain]] (AF)
| toss = Atlanta Fire won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 12:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| team2 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 96/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 97/3 (10.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Bipul Sharma]] 24[[not out|*]] (19)
| wickets1 = Phani Simhadri 4/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Unmukt Chand]] 43[[not out|*]] (27)
| wickets2 = Shamy Ghotra 1/9 (2 overs) Aaryan Batra 1/9 (2 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 7 wickets (with 57 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=492&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and Conrad Rogers
| motm = Phani Simhadri (AL)
| toss = Atlanta Lightning won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Orlando Galaxy
| team2 = Morrisville Raptors
| score1 = 119/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 120/4 (18.2 overs)
| runs1 = Rohit Dutchin 24 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Trevon Griffith]] 2/13 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Trevon Griffith]] 45 (44)
| wickets2 = Kishaun Balgobin 2/12 (4 overs)
| result = Morrisville Raptors won by 6 wickets (with 10 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=494&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Judson Edwards and Nur Uddin
| motm = [[Trevon Griffith]] (MR)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| team2 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 116/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119/4 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = Sahil Kapoor 35[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets1 = Achilles Browne 2/8 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] 40 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Derval Green]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| result = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won by 6 wickets (with 9 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=500&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and Anvesh Achanta
| motm = [[Kevin Stoute]] (FLL)
| toss = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 12:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Orlando Galaxy
| team2 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 107/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 110/2 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = Advait Varadarajan 33 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Hussain Talat]] 1/7 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Unmukt Chand]] 57 (45)
| wickets2 = Hoyito Leslie 1/18 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 8 wickets (with 20 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=503&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Conrad Rogers and Nur Uddin
| motm = [[Unmukt Chand]] (AL)
| toss = Orlando Galaxy won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Morrisville Raptors
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| score1 = 144/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 150/3 (18.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Trevon Griffith]] 67 (54)
| wickets1 = [[Corné Dry]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aaron Jones (cricketer)|Aaron Jones]] 58 (35)
| wickets2 = Rohan Phadke 2/27 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 7 wickets (with 10 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=506&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Anvesh Achanta and Rushane Samuels
| motm = [[Aaron Jones (cricketer)|Aaron Jones]] (AF)
| toss = Morrisville Raptors won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Orlando Galaxy
| team2 = Morrisville Raptors
| score1 = 142/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 133 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = Advait Varadarajan 27 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Dane Piedt]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Sanjay Stanley 43 (34)
| wickets2 = Sumit Sehrawat 3/23 (4 overs)
| result = Orlando Galaxy won by 9 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=509&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Anvesh Achanta and Nur Uddin
| motm = Hardik Desai (OG)
| toss = Morrisville Raptors won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 12:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Fire
| team2 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 120/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 121/4 (17 overs)
| runs1 = [[Obus Pienaar]] 63 (50)
| wickets1 = Adam Khan 2/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Danza Hyatt]] 56 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Amila Aponso]] 2/14 (4 overs)
| result = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won by 6 wickets (with 18 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=512&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Aditya Gajjar and Conrad Rogers
| motm = [[Danza Hyatt]] (FLL)
| toss = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| team2 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| score1 = 114 (19.2 overs)
| score2 = 83 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hussain Talat]] 32 (34)
| wickets1 = Shamy Ghotra 3/28 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jaskaran Malhotra]] 23 (38)
| wickets2 = Neive McNally 3/6 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 31 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=514&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Anvesh Achanta and Nur Uddin
| motm = Neive McNally (AL)
| toss = Atlanta Lightning won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 8, 2023
| time = 6:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Fire
| team2 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| score1 = 110/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 88 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aaron Jones (cricketer)|Aaron Jones]] 29 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Jaskaran Malhotra]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Pargat Singh (cricketer)|Pargat Singh]] 17 (21)
| wickets2 = [[Jeremy Gordon]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 22 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=519&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Param Veers Cricket Field, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| umpires = Alvin Burnett and Tarak Janapareddy
| motm = [[Obus Pienaar]] (AF)
| toss = [[Baltimore Royals]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 1:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Atlanta Fire
| team2 = [[Baltimore Royals]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=524&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[North Carolina]]
| umpires = Tarak Janapareddy and Rahul Patwardhan
| motm =
| toss = Atlanta Fire won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 6:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Morrisville Raptors
| team2 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=525&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[North Carolina]]
| umpires = Alvin Burnett and Rahul Patwardhan
| motm =
| toss = Morrisville Raptors won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team2 = Morrisville Raptors
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=532&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Church Street Park]], [[North Carolina]]
| umpires = Alvin Burnett and Tarak Janapareddy
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 6:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team2 = Morrisville Raptors
| team1 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=546&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Central Broward Park|Broward County Stadium]], [[Florida]]
| umpires = Alwin Salmon and Josef Baptiste
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 12:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Morrisville Raptors
| team2 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 109/2 (14 overs)
| score2 =
| runs1 = [[Trevon Griffith]] 53[[not out|*]] (38)
| wickets1 = [[Isaiah Rajah]] 1/5 (1 over)
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=551&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Central Broward Park|Broward County Stadium]], [[Florida]]
| umpires = Josef Baptiste and Max Diah
| motm =
| toss = Morrisville Raptors won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}
{{hidden end}}

==== Eastern Division ====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
| update = September 17, 2023
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/standings Minor League Cricket]
| show_tie = no
| showteam = {{{team}}}

|result1=Q |result2=E |result3=E

|team2=NJS |team6=MY |team1=TP |team5=EST |team3=NJSC |team4=NEE

|win_NJS = 6 |loss_NJS = 4 |nr_NJS = |nrr_NJS=0.4741
|win_MY = 2 |loss_MY = 7 |nr_MY = 1 |nrr_MY=-1.2698
|win_TP = 6 |loss_TP = 2 |nr_TP = 2 |nrr_TP=0.7739
|win_EST = 3 |loss_EST = 6 |nr_EST = 1 |nrr_EST=-1.6793
|win_NJSC = 5 |loss_NJSC = 4 |nr_NJSC = 1 |nrr_NJSC=0.2990
|win_NEE = 5 |loss_NEE = 4 |nr_NEE = 1 |nrr_NEE=-0.0922

|name_EST = Empire State Titans
|name_MY = Manhattan Yorkers
|name_NEE = New England Eagles
|name_NJSC = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
|name_NJS = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
|name_TP = The Philadelphians

| col_Q=#cfc| col_E=#ffc| col_X=#fcc
}}
* Top three teams move on
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advances to Super 8s
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#ffc}} advances to Knockout stage

{{hidden begin
|title = Division matches
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 4, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 94/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 95/4 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = Raymond Ramrattan 18 (28)
| wickets1 = Dhruv Pawar 2/6 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Hiren Patel 32 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Sachin Mylavarapu]] 1/16 (4 overs) Stephen Wiig 1/12 (3 overs)
| result = Manhattan Yorkers won by 6 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=423&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Ivy Mahabir and Mihir Patel
| motm = Dhruv Pawar (MY)
| toss = Manhattan Yorkers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 5, 2023
| time = 9:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| team2 = The Philadelphians
| score1 = 100/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 101/5 (15.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Cameron Delport]] 21 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Jonathan Foo]] 2/10 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ryan Scott (cricketer)|Ryan Scott]] 51 (27)
| wickets2 = [[Derone Davis]] 3/26 (3.5 overs)
| result = The Philadelphians won by 5 wickets (with 25 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=426&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and Ritesh Patel
| motm = [[Ryan Scott (cricketer)|Ryan Scott]] (TP)
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 6, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 133/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 82/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chandrapaul Hemraj]] 56 (50)
| wickets1 = Rahul Mishra 2/19 (2 overs)
| runs2 = Deep Joshi 23 (29)
| wickets2 = Junaid Mahsood 3/10 (4 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 51 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=429&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Bryan Caine and Erfanullah Syed
| motm = [[Chandrapaul Hemraj]] (NJSC)
| toss = Manhattan Yorkers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 7, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = The Philadelphians
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=434&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Bryan Caine and Mihir Patel
| motm =
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 12, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = New England Eagles
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| score1 = 111/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 68 (16.3 overs)
| runs1 = Rizwan Mazhar 56 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Saad Bin Zafar]] 2/14 (4 overs) [[Sunny Patel]] 2/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sunny Patel]] 19 (25)
| wickets2 = Samarth Tiwari 6/5 (3 overs)
| result = New England Eagles won by 43 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=439&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Ragupathy Venkatachalam and Saravanakumar Venkatesan
| motm = Samarth Tiwari (NEE)
| toss = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = Empire State Titans
| score1 = 99/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 66/6 (11.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Xavier Marshall]] 36 (41)
| wickets1 = Shan Tennakoon 3/11 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Javon Searles]] 20 (23)
| wickets2 = [[Saad Bin Zafar]] 2/4 (3 overs)
| result = Empire State Titans won by 4 wickets (with 1 ball remaining, [[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|D/L]])
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=443&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Jatin Karvir and Ragupathy Venkatachalam
| motm = Shan Tennakoon (EST)
| toss = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won the toss and elected to bat
| rain = Revised target of 66 in 12 overs
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| team2 = New England Eagles
| score1 = 127/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 114/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Bhaskar Yadram]] 39 (28)
| wickets1 = Gourav Grover 4/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Akshay Homraj]] 22 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Derone Davis]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| result = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won by 13 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=448&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Mangesh Rane and Jatin Karvir
| motm = [[Derone Davis]] (NJS)
| toss = New England Eagles won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 14, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Empire State Titans
| team2 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| score1 = 124/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 126/6 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = Kwame Patton Jr. 52 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Jessy Singh|Jasdeep Singh]] 2/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Derone Davis]] 36 (23)
| wickets2 = [[Javon Searles]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| result = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won by 4 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=450&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Jatin Karvir and Saravanakumar Venkatesan
| motm = [[Jessy Singh|Jasdeep Singh]] (NJS)
| toss = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 18, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 116/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 87/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jonathan Foo]] 42[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets1 = Chintan Patel 3/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Manoj Acharya 34 (16)
| wickets2 = Deveshwari Prashad 2/11 (4 overs)
| result = The Philadelphians won by 29 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=453&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Mihir Patel and Erfanullah Syed
| motm = [[Jonathan Foo]] (TP)
| toss = Manhattan Yorkers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| score1 = 81/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 85/5 (17.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sunny Patel]] 22 (8)
| wickets1 = Stephen Wiig 3/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dominique Rikhi]] 21 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Saad Bin Zafar]] 3/4 (4 overs)
| result = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won by 5 wickets (with 14 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=455&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Mihir Patel and Dimpal Patel
| motm = [[Saad Bin Zafar]] (NJS)
| toss = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 51 (16.1 overs)
| score2 = 38 (15.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jonathan Foo]] 25 (35)
| wickets1 = Nisarg Desai 3/10 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Arslan Khan (Indian cricketer)|Arslan Khan]] 9 (16)
| wickets2 = [[Jonathan Foo]] 4/1 (3 overs)
| result = The Philadelphians won by 29 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=453&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Mihir Patel and Deepak Katte
| motm = [[Jonathan Foo]] (TP)
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 20, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| score1 = 124/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 116/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yasir Mohammad]] 24 (24)
| wickets1 = Siddarth Matani 2/10 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dominique Rikhi]] 46 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Karima Gore]] 1/10 (4 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 8 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=463&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and Mihir Patel
| motm = [[Karima Gore]] (NJSC)
| toss = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 25, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = New England Eagles
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| score1 = 93 (18 overs)
| score2 = 90 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = Apurva Maheshram 26 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Sunny Patel]] 4/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Karima Gore]] 28 (25)
| wickets2 = Hemendra Ramdihal 5/10 (3.5 overs)
| result = New England Eagles won by 3 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=467&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Saravanakumar Venkatesan and Sundaresh R Iyer
| motm = Apurva Maheshram (NEE)
| toss = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 26, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = New England Eagles
| team2 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| score1 = 106/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 107/5 (16.5 overs)
| runs1 = Apurva Maheshram 23 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Sachin Mylavarapu]] 1/11 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Derone Davis]] 39[[not out|*]] (21)
| wickets2 = [[Salman Nazar]] 2/25 (3.5 overs)
| result = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won by 5 wickets (with 19 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=469&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Jatin Karvir and Sundaresh R Iyer
| motm = [[Derone Davis]] (NJS)
| toss = New England Eagles won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 26, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = Empire State Titans
| score1 = 124/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 115/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sunny Patel]] 46 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Yannick Elliott]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Aman Patel 26 (24)
| wickets2 = [[Gajanand Singh]] 2/4 (2 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 9 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=472&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Saravanakumar Venkatesan and Jatin Karvir
| motm = [[Sunny Patel]] (NJSC)
| toss = Empire State Titans won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 27, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| team2 = Empire State Titans
| score1 = 148/5 (16 overs)
| score2 = 102/6 (16 overs)
| runs1 = [[Derone Davis]] 50[[not out|*]] (27)
| wickets1 = [[Javon Searles]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Nehal Tarimela 20 (18)
| wickets2 = Raymond Ramrattan 3/23 (3 overs)
| result = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won by 46 runs ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|D/L]])
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=475&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Mangesh Rane and Ragupathy Venkatachalam
| motm = [[Derone Davis]] (NJS)
| toss = Empire State Titans won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain = Play reduced to 16 overs per side
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Empire State Titans
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 156/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 111/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = Nisarg Desai 25[[not out|*]] (25)
| wickets2 = Aman Patel 3/18 (4 overs)
| runs1 = Savan Patel 47 (33)
| wickets1 = Deep Joshi 2/13 (4 overs)
| result = Empire State Titans won by 45 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=484&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and Bryan Caine
| motm = Aman Patel (EST)
| toss = Empire State Titans won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Empire State Titans
| team2 = The Philadelphians
| score1 = 107 (19 overs)
| score2 = 108/2 (10.2 overs)
| runs1 = Savan Patel 22 (20)
| wickets1 = Soripul Islam 3/4 (2.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ryan Scott (cricketer)|Ryan Scott]] 58 (29)
| wickets2 = Nahid Sarkar 2/17 (3 overs)
| result = The Philadelphians won by 8 wickets (with 58 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=489&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Hatfield Park, [[Pennsylvania]]
| umpires = Mihir Patel and Ratesh Patel
| motm = [[Ryan Scott (cricketer)|Ryan Scott]] (TP)
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = New England Eagles
| score1 = 142/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 123 (18.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jonathan Foo]] 40[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets1 = [[Christopher Barnwell]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Jaladh Dua 27 (32)
| wickets2 = Deveshwari Prashad 4/13 (3.4 overs)
| result = The Philadelphians won by 19 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=495&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Hatfield Park, [[Pennsylvania]]
| umpires = Mihir Patel and Ritesh Patel
| motm = Deveshwari Prashad (TP)
| toss = New England Eagles won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = New England Eagles
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 64 (19.5 overs)
| score2 = 65/4 (17.2 overs)
| runs2 = Hiram Shallow 33[[not out|*]] (35)
| wickets2 = Gourav Grover 1/3 (4 overs)
| runs1 = Gourav Grover 18 (15)
| wickets1 = Ruchir Joshi 4/17 (3.5 overs)
| result = Manhattan Yorkers won by 6 wickets (with 16 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=499&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and Mihir Patel
| motm = Hiram Shallow (MY)
| toss = New England Eagles won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Empire State Titans
| team2 = The Philadelphians
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=533&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Bryan Caine and Ritesh Patel
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Manhattan Yorkers
| team2 = New England Eagles
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=534&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Bryan Caine and Ivy Mahabir
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 11, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = New England Eagles
| score1 = 63/8 (10 overs)
| score2 = 64/2 (8.5 overs)
| runs1 = Raj Nannan 31 (20)
| wickets1 = Gourav Grover 2/6 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Christopher Barnwell]] 29[[not out|*]] (18)
| wickets2 = Raj Nannan 1/14 (2 overs)
| result = New England Eagles won by 8 wickets (with 7 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=535&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Erfanullah Syed and Deepak Katte
| motm = [[Christopher Barnwell]] (NEE)
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bat
| rain = Play reduced to 10 overs per side
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 11, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Empire State Titans
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 128 (19.3 overs)
| score2 = 74 (17.1 overs)
| runs2 = Abhayjit Khangura 16 (15)
| wickets2 = Shan Tennakoon 3/12 (4 overs)
| runs1 = Supreet Madaan 55 (29)
| wickets1 = Manoj Acharya 2/18 (3.3 overs)
| result = Empire State Titans won by 54 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=536&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Deepak Katte and Dimpal Patel
| motm = Supreet Madaan (EST)
| toss = Empire State Titans won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Manhattan Yorkers
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| score1 = 66/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 67/3 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = Danesh Patel 12 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Karima Gore]] 4/10 (3.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sunny Patel]] 40[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets2 = Nisarg Desai 2/8 (4 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 7 wickets (with 20 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=539&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Mihir Patel and Colin Edwards
| motm = [[Sunny Patel]] (NJSC)
| toss = Manhattan Yorkers won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| team2 = The Philadelphians
| score1 = 111/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 112/4 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Bravish Shetty]] 31 (26)
| wickets1 = Soripul Islam 2/13 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ryan Scott (cricketer)|Ryan Scott]] 31 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Sachin Mylavarapu]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| result = The Philadelphians won by 6 wickets (with 7 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=541&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and Ritesh Patel
| motm = [[Jonathan Foo]] (TP)
| toss = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Empire State Titans
| team2 = New England Eagles
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| result = New England Eagles won by [[declaration and forfeiture|forfeit]]
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=542&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Mangesh Rane and Jatin Karvir
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| team2 = Manhattan Yorkers
| score1 = 128 (20 overs)
| score2 = 94/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dominique Rikhi]] 43 (31)
| wickets1 = Dhruv Pawar 3/13 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Nisarg Desai 22[[not out|*]] (15)
| wickets2 = [[Derone Davis]] 3/12 (4 overs)
| result = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won by 34 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=549&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Ivy Mahabir and Colin Edwards
| motm = [[Derone Davis]] (NJS)
| toss = Manhattan Yorkers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team2 = Empire State Titans
| team1 = New England Eagles
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| result = New England Eagles won by [[declaration and forfeiture|forfeit]]
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=548&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Mangesh Rane and Jatin Karvir
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| score1 = 86 (19 overs)
| score2 = 87/3 (14.4 overs)
| runs1 = Deveshwari Prashad 31 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Sunny Patel]] 2/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gajanand Singh]] 30[[not out|*]] (35)
| wickets2 = Sivaram Swarna 1/10 (2 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 7 wickets (with 32 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=554&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Mercer County Park]], [[New Jersey]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and Mihir Patel
| motm = [[Karima Gore]] (NJSC)
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}
{{hidden end}}

=== Pacific Conference ===
==== Central Division ====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
| update = September 17, 2023
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/standings Minor League Cricket]
| show_tie = no
| showteam = {{{team}}}

|result1=Q |result2=E |result3=E

|team1=DM |team4=DXG |team2=MCS |team7=SLA |team6=HH |team3=LSA |team5=CK |team8=CT

|win_CT = 2 |loss_CT = 7 |nr_CT = 1 |nrr_CT=-1.6211
|win_MCS = 6 |loss_MCS = 3 |nr_MCS = 1 |nrr_MCS=0.9868
|win_SLA = 2 |loss_SLA = 7 |nr_SLA = 1 |nrr_SLA=-1.1797
|win_HH = 4 |loss_HH = 6 |nr_HH = |nrr_HH=-0.2389
|win_DM = 8 |loss_DM = 2 |nr_DM = |nrr_DM=1.3954
|win_DXG = 5 |loss_DXG = 4 |nr_DXG = 1 |nrr_DXG=-0.0598
|win_CK = 4 |loss_CK = 3 |nr_CK = 3 |nrr_CK=0.3685
|win_LSA = 5 |loss_LSA = 4 |nr_LSA = 1 |nrr_LSA=0.1846

|name_CT = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
|name_MCS = Michigan Cricket Stars
|name_SLA = St. Louis Americans
|name_HH = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
|name_DM = Dallas Mustangs
|name_DXG = Dallas Xforia Giants
|name_CK = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
|name_LSA = [[Lone Star Athletics]]

| col_Q=#cfc| col_E=#ffc| col_X=#fcc
}}
* Top three teams move on
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advances to Super 8s
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#ffc}} advances to Knockout stage

{{hidden begin
|title = Division matches
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 4, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| team2 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 = 165/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 170/5 (17.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 50[[not out|*]] (26)
| wickets1 = [[Calvin Savage]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Cody Chetty]] 51[[not out|*]] (44)
| wickets2 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| result = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won by 5 wickets (with 14 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/fullScorecard.do?matchId=424&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Chirag Vaswani and Darpan Patel
| motm = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] (CK)
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 5, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| team2 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=435&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Mushir Laliwala and Matin Imamdar
| motm =
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 11, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| score1 = 148/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 148/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hammad Azam]] 46 (31)
| wickets1 = Hassan Rashid 3/42 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Joshua Tromp 52 (38)
| wickets2 = Rushil Ugarkar 2/21 (4 overs)
| result = Match tied (Dallas Mustangs won in the [[super over|tie-breaker]])
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=436&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Houston]]
| umpires = Myron James and Sadiq Khoja
| motm = [[Hammad Azam]] (DM)
| toss = Dallas Mustangs won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes = Super Over: Mustangs 8/2, Hurricanes 10/0
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 12, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| team2 = Dallas Mustangs
| score1 = 186/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 176/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shayan Jahangir]] 98[[not out|*]] (58)
| wickets1 = Ali Sheikh 1/28 (3 overs)
| runs2 = Ali Sheikh 74 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 3/43 (4 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 10 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=437&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Houston]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Altaf Mahesania
| motm = [[Shayan Jahangir]] (LSA)
| toss = Dallas Mustangs won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 12, 2023
| time = 1:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| team2 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| score1 = 165/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 167/2 (15.3 overs)
| runs1 = Udaybir Walia 44 (19)
| wickets1 = [[Usman Shinwari]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Joshua Tromp 78 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]] 1/43 (4 overs)
| result = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won by 8 wickets (with 27 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=438&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Houston]]
| umpires = Sadiq Khoja and Naveed Siddiqui
| motm = Joshua Tromp (HH)
| toss = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 12, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| score1 = 110/5 (14 overs)
| score2 = 86/8 (14 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nicholas Kirton]] 53 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Ferisco Adams]] 2/26 (3 overs)
| runs2 = Ujjwal Vinnakota 25 (13)
| wickets2 = Akhil Kumar 3/16 (3 overs) [[Mohammad Mohsin (cricketer, born 1996)|Mohammad Mohsin]] 3/16 (3 overs)
| result = Michigan Cricket Stars won by 14 runs ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|DLS]])
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=440&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = ACAC Park, [[St. Louis]]
| umpires = Srinivas Chirra and Sandeep Pathuri
| motm = [[Nicholas Kirton]] (MCS)
| toss = Michigan Cricket Stars won the toss and elected to bat
| rain = Play reduced to 14 overs per side.
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 142/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 114 (18.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] 44 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]] 1/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chaitanya Bishnoi]] 41 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Suyal]] 4/15 (3.4 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 28 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=444&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Houston]]
| umpires = Cameron Best and Owen Brown
| motm = [[Pawan Suyal]] (LSA)
| toss = Dallas Xforia Giants won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| score1 = 153/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 156/4 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nicholas Kirton]] 39 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Abhimanyu Lamba]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Justin Dill]] 54 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] 1/20 (3 overs)
| result = St. Louis Americans won by 6 wickets (with 6 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=445&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = ACAC Park, [[St. Louis]]
| umpires = Srinivas Chirra and Farhan Bobat
| motm = [[Justin Dill]] (SLA)
| toss = St. Louis Americans won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 18, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 = 189/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 79 (15.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] 44 (32)
| wickets1 = Shiv Shani 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Mittansh Nithiyanandam 21 (23)
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| result = Michigan Cricket Stars won by 110 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=454&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Chirag Vaswani and Mushir Laliwala
| motm = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] (MCS)
| toss = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| team2 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| score1 = 163/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 165/3 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = Pruthvish Patel 86 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 4/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nicholas Kirton]] 77[[not out|*]] (58)
| wickets2 = Pruthvish Patel 1/26 (4 overs)
| result = Michigan Cricket Stars won by 7 wickets (with 4 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=456&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Ameya Radkar and Darpan Patel
| motm = [[Nicholas Kirton]] (MCS)
| toss = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = St. Louis Americans
| team2 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| score1 = 130/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 131/4 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Justin Dill]] 61 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Mir Hamza]] 4/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 45[[not out|*]] (23)
| wickets2 = [[Justin Dill]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| result = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won by 6 wickets (with 4 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=461&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Matin Inamdar and Karthik Raghupathy
| motm = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] (CK)
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 20, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = St. Louis Americans
| team2 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| score1 = 61 (20 overs)
| score2 = 67/3 (10 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kranthi Kumar (cricketer)|Kranthi Kumar]] 11 (19)
| wickets1 = [[Mir Hamza]] 4/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Asif Mehmood (cricketer)|Asif Mehmood]] 24[[not out|*]] (16)
| wickets2 = [[Justin Dill]] 1/7 (3 overs)
| result = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won by 7 wickets (with 60 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=464&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Darpan Patel and Karthik Raghupathy
| motm = [[Mir Hamza]] (CK)
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 105/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 106/2 (13.3 overs)
| runs1 = Kumar Subramanian 35 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Amir Hamza (cricketer)|Amir Hamza]] 2/13 (4 overs) [[Shubham Ranjane]] 2/13 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Milind Kumar]] 47[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Calvin Savage]] 1/16 (3 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 8 wickets (with 39 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=481&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Myron James and Sadiq Khoja
| motm = [[Shubham Ranjane]] (LSA)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| team2 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| score1 = 152/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 142 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 54[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets1 = [[Usman Shinwari]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer)|Mukhtar Ahmed]] 80 (57)
| wickets2 = [[Haseeb Azam]] 4/33 (4 overs)
| result = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won by 10 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=482&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Rakesh Jain and Brian Walters
| motm = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] (CK)
| toss = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 1:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 144/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 146/1 (16 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nicholas Kirton]] 38[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets1 = Praneeth Raj 2/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Smit Patel]] 67[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Mohsin (cricketer, born 1996)|Mohammad Mohsin]] 1/19 (3 overs)
| result = Dallas Xforia Giants won by 9 wickets (with 24 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=486&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Myron James and Sadiq Khoja
| motm = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] (CK)
| toss = Michigan Cricket Stars won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| score1 = 162/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 103 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andries Gous]] 55 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Gerhard Erasmus]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kranthi Kumar (cricketer)|Kranthi Kumar]] 34 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Nosthush Kenjige]] 4/16 (3.3 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 59 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=487&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Rakesh Jain and Brian Walters
| motm = [[Andries Gous]] (DM)
| toss = Dallas Mustangs won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 = 214/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 146 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] 95 (35)
| wickets1 = Mittansh Nithiyanandam 2/17 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Cody Chetty]] 34 (27)
| wickets2 = Ali Sheikh 2/14 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 68 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=491&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Sadiq Khoja and Altaf Mahesania
| motm = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] (DM)
| toss = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 1:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| team2 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| score1 = 119/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 124/4 (17 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 31 (38)
| wickets1 = Muhammad Kamal 4/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] 43 (31)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Khan (cricketer, born 1988)|Imran Khan]] 1/9 (2 overs)
| result = Michigan Cricket Stars won by 6 wickets (with 18 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=496&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Sadiq Khoja and Cameron Best
| motm = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] (MCS)
| toss = Michigan Cricket Stars won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| score1 = 125/4 (12 overs)
| score2 = 111/5 (12 overs)
| runs1 = [[Saif Badar]] 46 (18)
| wickets1 = Sam Das 2/35 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Zahid Zakhail]] 59 (27)
| wickets2 = Hamza Bangash 3/16 (2 overs)
| result = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won by 14 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=498&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Myron James
| motm = [[Saif Badar]] (HH)
| toss = St. Louis Americans won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| score1 = 165/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 168/3 (16.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] 78[[not out|*]] (39)
| wickets1 = [[Haseeb Azam]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tajinder Singh]] 80 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Hammad Azam]] 2/19 (3 overs)
| result = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won by 7 wickets (with 21 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=501&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Cameron Best and Altaf Mahesania
| motm = [[Tajinder Singh]] (CK)
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 118/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 120/3 (15.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jay Desai]] 60 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]] 3/13 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] 44 (30)
| wickets2 = Tirth Patel 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Xforia Giants won by 7 wickets (with 25 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=502&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Myron James and Owen Brown
| motm = [[Chaitanya Bishnoi]] (DXG)
| toss = Dallas Xforia Giants won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 1:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| score1 = 192/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 123/4 (14 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] 81 (49)
| wickets1 = Sam Das 1/36 (4 overs) Angad Singh 1/27 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kranthi Kumar (cricketer)|Kranthi Kumar]] 51 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Suyal]] 1/9 (2 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 24 runs ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|D/L]])
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=505&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Sadiq Khoja and Altaf Mahesania
| motm = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] (LSA)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| score1 = 169/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] 48 (34)
| wickets1 = Hassan Rashid 2/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Saif Badar]] 38 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] 5/10 (4 overs)
| result = Michigan Cricket Stars won by 50 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=507&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Myron James
| motm = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] (MCS)
| toss = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 9:45 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| score1 = 26/1 (4.1 overs)
| score2 =
| runs1 = [[Zahid Zakhail]] 18[[not out|*]] (13)
| wickets1 = Udaybir Walia 0/3 (1 over)
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=510&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Cameron Best and Sadiq Khoja
| motm =
| toss = St. Louis Americans won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| score1 = 155/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 108 (15.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] 83[[not out|*]] (54)
| wickets1 = Muhammad Kamal 2/38 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nicholas Kirton]] 40 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Nauman Anwar]] 2/13 (2.4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 47 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=511&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Naveed Siddiqui
| motm = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] (DM)
| toss = Michigan Cricket Stars won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 1:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| team2 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 = 178/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 154/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Joshua Tromp 64[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets1 = Tirth Patel 1/35 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Cody Chetty]] 61 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Usman Shinwari]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| result = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won by 24 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=515&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Myron James
| motm = Joshua Tromp (HH)
| toss = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 1:45 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=516&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Altaf Mahesania and Cameron Best
| motm =
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 6, 2023
| time = 7:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 161/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 166/5 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 60 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)|Jaskaran Singh]] 3/41 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] 75 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Xforia Giants won by 5 wickets (with 9 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=518&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Sameer Bandekar]] and Partha Pattanaik
| motm = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] (DXG)
| toss = Dallas Xforia Giants won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 8, 2023
| time = 7:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 163/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 87/3 (11 overs)
| runs1 = Matthew Tromp 37[[not out|*]] (19)
| wickets1 = [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] 26 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Usman Rafiq]] 1/10 (2 overs) Karthik Gattepalli 1/15 (3 overs)
| result = Dallas Xforia Giants won by 7 wickets ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|D/L]])
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=520&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Partha Pattanaik and Karthick Nachimuthu
| motm = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] (DXG)
| toss = Dallas Xforia Giants won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain = Revised target of 84
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 12:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| team2 = Dallas Mustangs
| score1 = 126/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 127/2 (14.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer)|Mukhtar Ahmed]] 46 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Nosthush Kenjige]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nauman Anwar]] 64 (44)
| wickets2 = Karthik Gattepalli 1/24 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 8 wickets (with 32 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=522&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Sameer Bandekar]] and Partha Pattanaik
| motm = [[Nauman Anwar]] (DM)
| toss = Dallas Mustangs won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 1:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = St. Louis Americans
| team2 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 = 166/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 130 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = Angad Singh 41 (17)
| wickets1 = [[Calvin Savage]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Calvin Savage]] 43 (29)
| wickets2 = Angad Singh 4/18 (4 overs)
| result = St. Louis Americans won by 36 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=523&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = ACAC Park, [[Missouri]]
| umpires = Srinivas Chirra and Sandeep Pathuri
| motm = Angad Singh (SLA)
| toss = St. Louis Americans won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 7:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 168/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 147/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] 64[[not out|*]] (38)
| wickets1 = Sidhesh Pathare 1/9 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] 57 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Xforia Giants won by 21 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=527&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Vishnu Pillai and [[Sameer Bandekar]]
| motm = [[Harmeet Singh Baddhan|Harmeet Singh]] (DXG)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team2 = St. Louis Americans
| team1 = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]]
| score1 = 128/6 (20 overs
| score2 = 103 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = Mittansh Nithiyanandam 51 (44)
| wickets1 = Sam Das 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Zahid Zakhail]] 28 (15)
| wickets2 = Mohit Patel 2/15 (4 overs)
| result = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won by 25 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=528&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = ACAC Park, [[Missouri]]
| umpires = Srinivas Chirra and Ajoy Lal
| motm = Mittansh Nithiyanandam (CT)
| toss = [[Chicago Tigers (cricket)|Chicago Tigers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 12:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 167/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 126/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] 69 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Pawan Suyal]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 58[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets2 = Rushil Ugarkar 2/41 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 41 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=530&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Sameer Bandekar]] and Partha Pattanaik
| motm = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] (DM)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 15, 2023
| time = 7:30 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 222/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 179/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andries Gous]] 91 (52)
| wickets1 = Udaybir Walia 1/28 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Smit Patel]] 62 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Rumman Raees]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 43 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=538&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Sameer Bandekar]] and Partha Pattanaik
| motm = [[Andries Gous]] (DM)
| toss = Dallas Xforia Giants won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| score1 = 146/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 108 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Waqas Saleem]] 40 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Hassan Khan (cricketer)|Hassan Khan]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ravi Bopara]] 33 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] 3/5 (1.2 overs)
| result = Michigan Cricket Stars won by 38 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=544&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Matin Inamdar and Onkar Akolkar
| motm = [[Zeeshan Maqsood]] (MCS)
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 146/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 139/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer)|Mukhtar Ahmed]] 46 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Imran Khan (cricketer, born 1988)|Imran Khan]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Milind Kumar]] 60 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Usman Rafiq]] 4/22 (3 overs)
| result = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won by 7 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=543&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Altaf Mahesania
| motm = [[Usman Rafiq]] (HH)
| toss = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 7:15 PM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team2 = Dallas Mustangs
| team1 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 123/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 124/5 (18.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)|Jaskaran Singh]] 55 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Ehsan Adil]] 2/12 (3.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nauman Anwar]] 35 (32)
| wickets2 = Akhilesh Bodugum 2/29 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 5 wickets (with 8 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=547&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Sameer Bandekar]] and Vishnu Pillai
| motm = [[Nauman Anwar]] (DM)
| toss = Dallas Mustangs won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team2 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team1 = [[Chicago Kingsmen]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=553&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Tigers Park, [[Chicago]]
| umpires = Mushir Laliwala and Chirag Vaswani
| motm =
| toss = [[Chicago Kingsmen]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| team1 = [[Houston Hurricanes (cricket)|Houston Hurricanes]]
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 130/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 131/2 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = Joshua Tromp 58 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 3/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] 39 (43)
| wickets2 = Karthik Gattepalli 1/17 (4 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 8 wickets (with 13 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=550&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Sadiq Khoja
| motm = [[Shubham Ranjane]] (LSA)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}
{{hidden end}}

==== Western Division ====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
| update = September 18, 2023
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/standings Minor League Cricket]
| show_tie = no
| showteam = {{{team}}}

|result1=Q |result2=E |result3=E

|team2=SVS |team4=ST |team1=EBB |team3=GSG |team5=SCL |team6=SDSF

|win_SVS = 6 |loss_SVS = 3 |nr_SVS = 1 |nrr_SVS=0.3011
|win_ST = 4 |loss_ST = 6 |nr_ST = |nrr_ST=-0.0117
|win_EBB = 8 |loss_EBB = 1 |nr_EBB = 1 |nrr_EBB=0.8517
|win_GSG = 4 |loss_GSG = 6 |nr_GSG = |nrr_GSG=0.0904
|win_SCL = 4 |loss_SCL = 6 |nr_SCL = |nrr_SCL=-0.3701
|win_SDSF = 3 |loss_SDSF = 7 |nr_SDSF = |nrr_SDSF=-0.7547

|name_SVS = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
|name_ST = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
|name_SDSF = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
|name_GSG = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
|name_SCL = [[SoCal Lashings]]
|name_EBB = [[Bay Blazers]]

| col_Q=#cfc| col_E=#ffc| col_X=#fcc
}}
* Top three teams move on
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advances to Super 8s
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#ffc}} advances to Knockout stage

{{hidden begin
|title = Division matches
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 4, 2023
| time = 12:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| team2 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| score1 = 134/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 124/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhimanyu Rajp]] 39[[not out|*]] (18)
| wickets1 = Adnesh Tondale 2/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Marty Kain]] 46 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Abhimanyu Rajp]] 4/24 (4 overs)
| result = [[SoCal Lashings]] won by 10 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=425&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Ashwin Shah and Pankaj Chuadhari
| motm = [[Abhimanyu Rajp]] (SCL)
| toss = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 5, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| score1 = 159/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 152/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] 68 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Mrunal Patel]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Ruben Clinton 45 (36)
| wickets2 = Mohammad Katawazai 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 7 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=427&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Azzam Haider and Pravin David
| motm = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] (EBB)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 6, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| score1 = 152/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 127/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Vikash Mohan 37 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Muditha Fernando]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Chad Breetzke 32 (18)
| wickets2 = [[Musadiq Ahmed]] 3/11 (3 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 25 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=431&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Pankaj Chaudhari and Bandula Hettiarachchi
| motm = [[Musadiq Ahmed]] (EBB)
| toss = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 6, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 144/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 123/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Ruben Clinton 64 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Saurabh Netravalkar]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 55 (38)
| wickets2 = Ayan Desai 2/15 (4 overs)
| result = [[SoCal Lashings]] won by 21 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=432&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Daniel Meredith and Pankaj Chuadhari
| motm = Ruben Clinton (SCL)
| toss = [[SoCal Lashings]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 7, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| team2 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| score1 = 174/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lahiru Milantha]] 71 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Muditha Fernando]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nisarg Patel]] 29 (29)
| wickets2 = Srinivas Raghavan 3/26 (4 overs)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 55 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=433&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Daniel Meredith and Ashwin Shah
| motm = [[Lahiru Milantha]] (SVS)
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 12, 2023
| time = 2:30 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 131/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 82 (14.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mehdi Hasan (Indian cricketer)|Mehdi Hasan]] 40[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets1 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 3/11 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Pranay Suri 21 (13)
| wickets2 = Rahul Nama 3/19 (3.4 overs)
| result = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won by 49 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=442&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Tollgate Farm Park, [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| umpires = Anthony Bonthu and Damodhar Bhat
| motm = [[Mehdi Hasan (Indian cricketer)|Mehdi Hasan]] (ST)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 10:45 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 105 (18.2 overs)
| score2 = 106/7 (18.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ian Dev Singh]] 46 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 3/11 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 48 (41)
| wickets2 = Rahul Nama 4/17 (4 overs)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 3 wickets (with 10 balls remaining)
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=447&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Tollgate Farm Park, [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| umpires = Damodhar Bhat
| motm = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] (SVS)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 13, 2023
| time = 1:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| score1 = 179/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 160/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] 84 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Vatsal Vaghela]] 2/35 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anthony Bramble]] 73 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Abhishek Paradkar]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 19 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=449&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Arroyo Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Ravishankar Byrappagowda and Sundaram Subramanian
| motm = [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] (BB)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 19, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 138/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 139/4 (18.2 overs)
| runs1 = Kakani Harish 34 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Saurabh Netravalkar]] 4/11 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Lahiru Milantha]] 63 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Vatsal Vaghela]] 2/2 (1 over)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 6 wickets (with 10 balls remaining)
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=458&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Arroyo Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Ravishankar Byrappagowda and Sundaram Subramanian
| motm = [[Lahiru Milantha]] (SVS)
| toss = [[Golden State Grizzlies]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 20, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 131/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 132/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Kakani Harish 22 (27)
| wickets1 = Srinivas Raghavan 4/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Jariwala]] 37 (32)
| wickets2 = Neeraj Goel 2/20 (4 overs)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=465&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Arroyo Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Shailendra Raj and Ravishankar Byrappagowda
| motm = Srinivas Raghavan (SVS)
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 25, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| team2 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| score1 = 118/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119/5 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Adit Gorawara]] 37 (30)
| wickets1 = Ayan Desai 2/22 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kirstan Kallicharan]] 43 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Muditha Fernando]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = [[SoCal Lashings]] won by 5 wickets (with 4 balls remaining)
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=468&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Ashwin Shah and Piyush Agram
| motm = [[Kirstan Kallicharan]] (SCL)
| toss = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 26, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| team2 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| score1 = 150/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 136/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anthony Bramble]] 78 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Elmore Hutchinson]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kirstan Kallicharan]] 44 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Vatsal Vaghela]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| result = [[Golden State Grizzlies]] won by 14 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=471&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Leo Magnus Cricket Complex]], [[California]]
| umpires = Piyush Agram and Pravin David
| motm = [[Anthony Bramble]] (GSG)
| toss = [[SoCal Lashings]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 26, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| score1 = 135/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 125/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shadley van Schalkwyk]] 35 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Adithya Ganesh 51 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Siva Kumar]] 4/18 (4 overs)
| result = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won by 10 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=473&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Tollgate Farm Park, [[Seattle]]
| umpires = Anthony Bonthu and Damodhar Bhat
| motm = [[Siva Kumar]] (ST)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = August 27, 2023
| time = 10:45 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| score1 = 144/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 146/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shadley van Schalkwyk]] 42 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Adithya Ganesh 37 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Shadley van Schalkwyk]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=478&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Tollgate Farm Park, [[Seattle]]
| umpires = Anthony Bonthu and Damodhar Bhat
| motm = [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] (BB)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 1, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| team2 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| score1 = 127/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 121 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Greg Hay]] 52 (54)
| wickets1 = Rahul Nama 3/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ian Dev Singh|Ian Chauhan]] 53 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Nikhil Dutta]] 4/19 (4 overs)
| result = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won by 6 runs
| report = [https://milc.majorleaguecricket.com/matchcenter?fixture_id=488&sid=3 Scorecard]
| venue = Canyonside Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Piyush Agram and Pravin David
| motm = [[Nikhil Dutta]] (SDSF)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 2, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| team2 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| score1 = 130/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 129/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Marty Kain]] 36 (22)
| wickets1 = [[Harsh Thaker]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shadley van Schalkwyk]] 72[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets2 = [[Muditha Fernando]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| result = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won by 1 run
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=497&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Canyonside Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Pankaj Chaudhari and Piyush Agram
| motm = [[Muditha Fernando]] (SDSF)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| score1 = 184/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 156/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Dilpreet Bajwa 91 (57)
| wickets1 = Rubal Raina 2/39 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mrunal Patel]] 55 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Harsh Thaker]] 3/14 (4 overs)
| result = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won by 28 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=504&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Canyonside Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Pravin David and Daniel Meredith
| motm = Dilpreet Bajwa (ST)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 3, 2023
| time = 3:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| team2 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| score1 = 133/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 137/5 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nikhil Dutta]] 34 (24)
| wickets1 = Kakani Harish 3/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sami Aslam]] 57[[not out|*]] (45)
| wickets2 = Abhinay Reddy 2/23 (4 overs)
| result = [[Golden State Grizzlies]] won by 5 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=508&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Canyonside Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Pravin David and Bandula Hettiarachchi
| motm = [[Sami Aslam]] (GSG)
| toss = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 4, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| score1 = 144/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 145/3 (16.3 overs)
| runs1 = Dilpreet Bajwa 38 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Elmore Hutchinson]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kirstan Kallicharan]] 50 (45)
| wickets2 = Cinci Siegertsz 1/25 (3 overs)
| result = [[SoCal Lashings]] won by 7 wickets (with 21 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=513&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Canyonside Park, [[California]]
| umpires = Daniel Meredith and Pankaj Chaudhari
| motm = [[Kirstan Kallicharan]] (SCL)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| score1 = 157/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 80/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] 49 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Muditha Fernando]] 3/29 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Abhinay Reddy 28[[not out|*]] (33)
| wickets2 = [[Angelo Perera]] 3/13 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 77 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=521&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Morgan Hill Sports Complex, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Ravishankar Byrappagowda
| motm = Saideep Ganesh (BB)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 9, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 103/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 105/1 (13.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kirstan Kallicharan]] 27 (27)
| wickets1 = Pranay Suri 3/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Lahiru Milantha]] 71[[not out|*]] (45)
| wickets2 = Ayan Desai 1/12 (3 overs)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 9 wickets (with 39 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=526&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Morgan Hill Sports Complex, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Pankaj Chaudhari
| motm = Pranay Suri (SVS)
| toss = [[SoCal Lashings]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[San Diego Surf Riders]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 141/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 142/5 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Adit Gorawara]] 40[[not out|*]] (26)
| wickets1 = Pranay Suri 2/29 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Ravindra Singh 38[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets2 = [[Muditha Fernando]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 5 wickets (with 3 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=529&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Morgan Hill Sports Complex, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Pankaj Chaudhari
| motm = Ravindra Singh (SVS)
| toss = [[San Diego Surf Riders]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 10, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team1 = [[SoCal Lashings]]
| score1 = 155/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia|Harpreet Singh]] 51 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Angelo Perera]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] 42 (34)
| wickets2 = Ayan Desai 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 3 wickets
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=531&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Morgan Hill Sports Complex, [[California]]
| umpires = Pankaj Chaudhari and Ravishankar Byrappagowda
| motm = [[Angelo Perera]] (BB)
| toss = [[SoCal Lashings]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 15, 2023
| time = 11:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| score1 = 139/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 117/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] 28 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Vatsal Vaghela]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Shivam Mishra 43 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Carmi le Roux]] 3/16 (4 overs) [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 22 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=537&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Santa Clara Cricket Stadium, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Ravishankar Byrappagowda
| motm = [[Carmi le Roux]] (BB)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team1 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 139/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/5 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Gary Graham (cricketer)|Gary Graham]] 40 (32)
| wickets1 = Mohammad Katawazai 3/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Vikash Mohan 35[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets2 = [[Saurabh Netravalkar]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 5 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=540&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Santa Clara Cricket Stadium, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Shailendra Raj
| motm = [[Sanjay Krishnamurthi]] (BB)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 16, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| score1 = 108 (19.4 overs)
| score2 = 109/2 (12.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aaron Johnson (cricketer)|Aaron Johnson]] 57 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Zia Shahzad]] 5/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anthony Bramble]] 59 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Siva Kumar]] 1/20 (2.4 overs)
| result = [[Golden State Grizzlies]] won by 8 wickets (with 46 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=545&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Santa Clara Cricket Stadium, [[California]]
| umpires = Shailendra Raj and Ravishankar Byrappagowda
| motm = [[Zia Shahzad]] (GSG)
| toss = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 17, 2023
| time = 9:30 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]]
| team2 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| score1 = 162/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 154/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aaron Johnson (cricketer)|Aaron Johnson]] 52 (37)
| wickets1 = Kakani Harish 2/39 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anthony Bramble]] 74 (50)
| wickets2 = Cinci Siegertsz 2/17 (4 overs)
| result = [[Seattle Thunderbolts]] won by 8 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=552&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Santa Clara Cricket Stadium, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Ravishankar Byrappagowda
| motm = [[Anthony Bramble]] (GSG)
| toss = [[Golden State Grizzlies]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 18, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team1 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Play abandoned
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=555&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Santa Clara Cricket Stadium, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Shailendra Raj
| motm =
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}
{{hidden end}}

== Playoffs ==
=== Knockouts ===
The knockout stage was played from September 23 to 25, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/127893/minor-league-cricket-week-8-wrap-teams-brace-for-super-8-in-houston-cricbuzzcom |first=Smit |last=Patel |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=September 26, 2023 |title=Minor League Cricket Week 8 Wrap: Teams Brace for Super 8 in Houston |access-date=September 17, 2023}}</ref> It was played to determine the final 4 spots in the Super 8s.{{efn|The Atlanta Lightning, the Philadelphians, the Dallas Mustangs, and the [[Bay Blazers]] automatically qualified for the Super 8s due to first-place finishes in their respective divisions.}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Team
! Status
|- style="background:#cfc"
|| NJ Somerset Cavaliers || rowspan=4 | Qualified for [[#Super 8s|Super 8s]]
|- style="background:#cfc"
|| Atlanta Fire
|- style="background:#cfc"
|| [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
|- style="background:#cfc"
|| [[Lone Star Athletics]]
|-
|| New England Eagles ||rowspan=6 | Eliminated
|-
|| [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
|-
|| Ft. Lauderdale Lions
|-
|| Michigan Cricket Stars
|-
|| Dallas Xforia Giants
|-
|| [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
|}

==== Matches ====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 22, 2023
| time = 1:30 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = New England Eagles
| score1 = 139/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 73 (17.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sunny Patel]] 35 (21)
| wickets1 = Burhan Saeed 2/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Gihan Senanayake 33 (33)
| wickets2 = [[Yasir Mohammad]] 3/11 (3 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 66 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=557&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Deepak Katte and Bryan Caine
| motm = [[Adil Bhatti]] (NJSC)
| toss = New England Eagles won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 23, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Golden State Grizzlies]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 96 (19.3 overs)
| score2 = 97/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anthony Bramble]] 45 (38)
| wickets1 = Srinivas Raghavan 3/13 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Jariwala]] 25 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Zia Shahzad]] 3/14 (4 overs)
| result = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won by 1 wicket
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=559&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Santa Clara Cricket Stadium, [[California]]
| umpires = Sundaram Subramanian and Sunil Singh
| motm = [[Colin Archibald]] (SVS)
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes = The [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 23, 2023
| time = 10:30 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]]
| score1 = 119/7 (14 overs)
| score2 = 119/9 (14 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kennar Lewis]] 65 (41)
| wickets1 = Stephen Wiig 3/10 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Bravish Shetty]] 29 (17)
| wickets2 = Abir Chippa 3/16 (3 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won in the [[Super Over]] tiebreaker by 2 wickets
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=558&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = Glenville Cricket Complex, [[New York (state)|New York]]
| umpires = Deepak Katte and Bryan Caine
| motm = [[Kennar Lewis]] (NJSC)
| toss = [[New Jersey Stallions (cricket)|New Jersey Stallions]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain = Play reduced to 14 overs per side
| notes = Super Over: 5/0 (NJS), 8/0 (NJSC)
* The NJ Somerset Cavaliers qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 24, 2023
| time = 1:30 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| team2 = Dallas Xforia Giants
| score1 = 163/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 156/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] 103[[not out|*]] (55)
| wickets1 = Sankirth Bathula 2/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aakarshit Gomel]] 59 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Milind Kumar]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 7 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=560&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Altaf Mahesania
| motm = [[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] (LSA)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 25, 2023
| time = 1:30 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = Michigan Cricket Stars
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 141/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 144/3 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yuvraj Samra]] 38 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Milind Kumar]] 72[[not out|*]] (50)
| wickets2 = Muhammad Kamal 1/14 (2 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 7 wickets (with 13 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=561&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moosa Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Sadiq Khoja and Myron James
| motm = [[Milind Kumar]] (LSA)
| toss = Michigan Cricket Stars won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes = The [[Lone Star Athletics]] qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 26, 2023
| time = 1:30 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| team1 = Ft. Lauderdale Lions
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 148/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 45 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Kevin Stoute]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Ravendra Persaud 41 (19)
| wickets2 = [[Corné Dry]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 9 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=562&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Bryan Caine and Aditya Gajjar
| motm = [[Corné Dry]] (AF)
| toss = Ft. Lauderdale Lions won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes = The Atlanta Fire qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.
}}

=== Super Eights ===
The Super 8s were played directly after the Knockout stage from September 27 to 29, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/127924/minor-league-cricket-super-8-wrap-mustangs-and-cavaliers-set-up-grand-finale-cricbuzzcom |first=Smit |last=Patel |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=September 30, 2023 |title=Minor League Cricket Super 8 Wrap: Mustangs and Cavaliers set up grand finale |access-date=October 21, 2023}}</ref>

==== Atlantic Four ====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
| update = September 30, 2023
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/standings Minor League Cricket]
| show_tie = no
| showteam = {{{team}}}

|result1=Q

|team1=NJSC |team2=AF |team3=TP |team4=AL

|win_AF = 2 |loss_AF = 1 |nr_AF = 0 |nrr_AF=0.2333
|win_TP = 1 |loss_TP = 2 |nr_TP = 0 |nrr_TP=-0.1819
|win_AL = 1 |loss_AL = 2 |nr_AL = 0 |nrr_AL=-0.9803
|win_NJSC = 2 |loss_NJSC = 1 |nr_NJSC = 0 |nrr_NJSC=1.4399

|name_AF = Atlanta Fire
|name_NJSC = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
|name_AL = Atlanta Lightning
|name_TP = The Philadelphians

| col_Q=#cfc
}}
* Atlantic champion moves on
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advances to Final

{{hidden begin
|title = Atlantic 4 matches
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 27, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 126 (20 overs)
| score2 = 129/6 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = Jesse Bootan 40 (32)
| wickets1 = Venukalyan Madireddy 4/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Obus Pienaar]] 44 (27)
| wickets2 = Phani Simhadri 2/11 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 4 wickets (with 13 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=572&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and [[Sameer Bandekar]]
| motm = [[Obus Pienaar]] (AF)
| toss = Atlanta Lightning won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 27, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = The Philadelphians won by [[declaration and forfeiture|forfeit]]
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=569&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Aditya Gajjar
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 28, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 124/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 125/4 (14.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Junaid Siddiqui]] 31 (24)
| wickets1 = [[Yasir Mohammad]] 3/27 (4 overs) [[Junaid Nadir]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Abdullah Syed 51 (38)
| wickets2 = Dexter Sween 2/24 (3 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 6 wickets (with 33 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=574&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and [[Sameer Bandekar]]
| motm = [[Yasir Mohammad]] (NJSC)
| toss = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 28, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = The Philadelphians
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| score1 = 119 (20 overs)
| score2 = 120/6 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = Raj Nannan 26 (38)
| wickets1 = Venukalyan Madireddy 3/26 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Steven Taylor (American cricketer)|Steven Taylor]] 30 (24)
| wickets2 = Raj Nannan 2/19 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Fire won by 4 wickets (with 5 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=573&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Billy Taylor (cricketer, born 1977)|Billy Taylor]] (ENG) and Bryan Caine (USA)
| motm = [[Steven Taylor (American cricketer)|Steven Taylor]] (AF)
| toss = Atlanta Fire won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 29, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| team2 = Atlanta Fire
| score1 = 161/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 150 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Gajanand Singh]] 72[[not out|*]] (35)
| wickets1 = Ateendra Subramanian 2/38 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Obus Pienaar]] 41 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Junaid Nadir]] 4/22 (4 overs)
| result = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won by 11 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=579&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Colin Edwards and [[Sameer Bandekar]]
| motm = [[Gajanand Singh]] (NJSC)
| toss = NJ Somerset Cavaliers won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 29, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = The Philadelphians
| team1 = Atlanta Lightning
| score1 = 128 (18.1 overs)
| score2 = 127/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Cassius Burton]] 32 (28)
| wickets1 = Deveshwari Prashad 5/21 (3.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jonathan Foo]] 31 (24)
| wickets2 = Phani Simhadri 3/19 (4 overs)
| result = Atlanta Lightning won by 1 run
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=580&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Bryan Caine and Owen Brown
| motm = Deveshwari Prashad (TP)
| toss = The Philadelphians won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}
{{hidden end}}

==== Pacific Four ====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
| update = September 30, 2023
| source = [https://minorleaguecricket.com/standings Minor League Cricket]
| show_tie = no
| showteam = {{{team}}}

|result1=Q

|team4=SVS |team3=LSA |team2=EBB |team1=DM

|win_SVS = 0 |loss_SVS = 3 |nr_SVS = 0 |nrr_SVS=-0.8248
|win_DM = 3 |loss_DM = 0 |nr_DM = 0 |nrr_DM=2.2614
|win_EBB = 2 |loss_EBB = 1 |nr_EBB = 0 |nrr_EBB=0.0167
|win_LSA = 1 |loss_LSA = 2 |nr_LSA = 0 |nrr_LSA=-1.4456

|name_SVS = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
|name_LSA = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
|name_DM = Dallas Mustangs
|name_EBB = [[Bay Blazers]]

| col_Q=#cfc
}}
* Pacific champion moves on
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#cfc}} advances to Final

{{hidden begin
|title = Pacific 4 matches
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 27, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 182/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 110 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = Sujith Gowda 70[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets1 = Hamza Khalid 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubham Ranjane]] 41 (32)
| wickets2 = Rushil Ugarkar 5/27 (3.5 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 72 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=570&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Billy Taylor (cricketer, born 1977)|Billy Taylor]] (ENG) and Colin Edwards (USA)
| motm = [[Andries Gous]] (DM)
| toss = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 27, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 151/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 118 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] 58 (32)
| wickets1 = Ishwarjot Sohi 3/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = Ravindra Singh 33 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Rusty Theron]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 33 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=571&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Owen Brown and Bryan Caine
| motm = [[David White (South African cricketer)|David White]] (BB)
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 28, 2023
| time = 2:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = Dallas Mustangs
| team1 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| score1 = 135/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 136/5 (18.4 overs)
| runs1 = Ravindra Singh 33[[not out|*]] (30)
| wickets1 = Rushil Ugarkar 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andries Gous]] 79[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets2 = Arsh Buch 2/32 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 5 wickets (with 8 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=576&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and Colin Edwards
| motm = [[Andries Gous]] (DM)
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 28, 2023
| time = 2:15 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 165/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 145 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = Adithya Ganesh 59 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Pawan Suyal]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shayan Jahangir]] 53 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Carmi le Roux]] 4/13 (4 overs)
| result = [[Bay Blazers]] won by 20 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=575&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = [[Billy Taylor (cricketer, born 1977)|Billy Taylor]] (ENG) and Aditya Gajjar (USA)
| motm = [[Carmi le Roux]] (BB)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 29, 2023
| time = 10:00 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]]
| team2 = [[Lone Star Athletics]]
| score1 = 147/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 150/8 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 53 (37)
| wickets1 = Sidhesh Pathare 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Milind Kumar]] 67 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Shehan Jayasuriya]] 2/18 (3 overs) Pranay Suri 2/18 (3 overs)
| result = [[Lone Star Athletics]] won by 2 wickets (with 2 balls remaining)
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=578&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Aditya Gajjar and Colin Edwards
| motm = [[Milind Kumar]] (LSA)
| toss = [[Silicon Valley Strikers]] won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = September 29, 2023
| time = 10:15 AM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team2 = [[Bay Blazers]]
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| score1 = 152/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 100 (15.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nauman Anwar]] 89 (61)
| wickets1 = [[Carmi le Roux]] 2/28 (4 overs) [[Rusty Theron]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chundangapoyil Rizwan|CP Rizwan]] 31 (22)
| wickets2 = Rushil Ugarkar 3/63 (3 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 52 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=577&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Prairie View Cricket Complex]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels and Bryan Caine
| motm = [[Nauman Anwar]] (DM)
| toss = [[Bay Blazers]] won the toss and elected to bowl
| rain =
| notes =
}}
{{hidden end}}

=== Final ===
The finals were played on October 1, 2023, at [[Grand Prairie Stadium]] in [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nbcdfw.com/news/local/grand-prairie-stadium-to-host-the-minor-league-cricket-final-championship/3337652 |website=[[KXAS-TV]] |first=Sara |last=Hummadi |date=September 30, 2023 |title=Grand Prairie Stadium to host the Minor League Cricket final championship |access-date=October 26, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/grand-prairie-stadium-to-host-2023-minor-league-cricket-championship-final/articleshow/103830678.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=September 30, 2023 |title=Grand Prairie Stadium to host 2023 Minor League Cricket Championship final |access-date=October 26, 2023}}</ref>

{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = October 1, 2023
| time = 7:00 PM ([[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| team1 = Dallas Mustangs
| team2 = NJ Somerset Cavaliers
| score1 = 121/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 77 (18 overs)
| runs1 = Ali Sheikh 36 (25)
| wickets1 = [[Adil Bhatti]] 2/4 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kennar Lewis]] 27 (18)
| wickets2 = [[Nosthush Kenjige]] 3/9 (4 overs)
| result = Dallas Mustangs won by 44 runs
| report = [https://cricclubs.com/MiLC/viewScorecard.do?matchId=581&clubId=18036 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Grand Prairie Stadium]], [[Texas]]
| umpires = Rushane Samuels (USA) and [[Billy Taylor (cricketer, born 1977)|Billy Taylor]] (ENG)
| motm = [[Nosthush Kenjige]] (DM)
| toss = Dallas Mustangs won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes = The Dallas Mustangs won the 2023 Minor League Cricket championship as a result of this match.
}}

== Statistics ==
=== Most runs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! class="unsortable" | Player !! Team !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Inns | Innings}} !! Runs !!{{Tooltip | Ave | Average}} !! {{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}} !! {{Tooltip | HS | High score }} !! {{Tooltip | 100 | Hundreds scored}} !! {{Tooltip | 50 | Fifties scored}} !! {{Tooltip | 4s | Boundary fours}} !! {{Tooltip | 6s | Boundary sixes}}

|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Andries Gous]] ||Dallas Mustangs ||12 ||12 ||46.91 ||516 ||140.98 ||91 ||0 ||6 ||39 ||28
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Nitish Kumar (cricketer)|Nitish Kumar]] ||[[Lone Star Athletics]] ||14||14||36.46||474||132.40||103||1||3||37||24
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Anthony Bramble]] ||[[Golden State Grizzlies]] ||11 ||11 ||36.73 ||404 ||142.76 ||78 ||0 ||4 ||26 ||26
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Shayan Jahangir]] ||[[Lone Star Athletics]] ||14 ||14 ||30.23 ||393 ||120.92 ||98 ||0 ||3 ||43 ||12
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] ||Dallas Mustangs ||8 ||8 ||75.20 ||376 ||187.06 ||95 ||0 ||4 ||22 ||34
|-
|-class=sortbottom

|colspan=15| '''Source:''' [https://minorleaguecricket.com/stats Minor League Cricket]

|}

=== Most wickets ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"

! class="unsortable" | Player !! Team !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Inns | Innings}} !! {{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}} !! {{Tooltip | BBI | Best innings bowling }} !! {{Tooltip | Avg | Average}} !! {{Tooltip | Econ | Economy}} !! {{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}} !! {{Tooltip | 4w | 4 wickets in an innings}} !! {{Tooltip | 5w | 5 wickets in an innings}}
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Muditha Fernando]]
| style="text-align:left" |[[San Diego Surf Riders]] ||10 ||10 ||25 ||4/21 ||8.84 ||6.00 ||8.00 ||2 ||0
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Corné Dry]]
| style="text-align:left" |Atlanta Fire ||13 ||13 ||25 ||5/18 ||12.08 ||6.36 ||11.4 ||0 ||1
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Kevin Stoute]]
| style="text-align:left" |Ft. Lauderdale Lions ||10 ||10 ||22 ||5/16 ||10.50 ||7.00 ||9.0 ||1 ||1
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Srinivas Raghavan
| style="text-align:left" |[[Silicon Valley Strikers]] ||13 ||13 ||21 ||4/32 ||14.10 ||5.79 ||14.6 ||1 ||0
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Phani Simhadri
| style="text-align:left" |Atlanta Lightning ||11 ||11 ||19 ||4/19 ||11.21 ||5.35 ||12.6 ||1 ||0
|-
|-class=sortbottom
|colspan=15| '''Source:''' [https://minorleaguecricket.com/stats Minor League Cricket]
|}

== See also ==

* [[2023 Major League Cricket season]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Cricket in the United States}}

[[Category:Cricket in the United States]]
[[Category:American domestic cricket competitions]]
[[Category:Minor League Cricket seasons]]

Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan

2025-12-29T23:29:40Z

CaraVanOtterloo: added info

{{refimprove|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}

'''Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan''' an autonomous institution under GNCTD is an Ayurvedic college & hospital located in Village [[Khera Dabar]] New Delhi, India. The Sansthan is named in the honor of Delhi's first chief minister [[Brahm Prakash (politician)|Chaudhary Brahm Prakash]]. Presently the institute has 100 BAMS seats and 51 Post-graduation seats.Among These 50% For AIQ and 50% For Institutional Quota.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Using Ayurveda, Delhi's Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved hospital treats over 2,000 COVID patients|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/dec/13/using-ayurveda-delhis-chaudhary-brahm-prakash-ayurvedhospital-treats-over-2000-covid-patients-2235438.html|access-date=2021-04-28|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> It is Asia's largest Ayurvedic hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-20|title=शुरू की गई चैैाधरी ब्रहमप्रकाश अस्पताल की OPD, बनाया गया था कोरोना सेंटर|url=https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/delhi-ncr/delhi-chaudhary-brahm-prakash-ayurved-charak-sansthan-sobhnt/164826/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.navodayatimes.in| language=hindi}}</ref>
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan
| image = Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan.jpg
| address = CBPACS Road, [[Khera Dabar]], [[Najafgarh]]
| state = [[New Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| affiliation = Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
| emergency = yes
| beds = 210
| website = https://cbpacs.com/
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Delhi]]
[[Category:Ayurveda hospitals]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}

All India Disaster Mitigation Institute

2025-12-29T00:49:49Z

CaraVanOtterloo: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
[[File:AIDMI.jpg|thumb|Photo from AIDMI's registered office at Ahmedabad.]]

The '''All India Disaster Mitigation Institute''' (AIDMI) is a [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] registered in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aidmi.org/|title=All India Disaster Mitigation Institute|website=www.aidmi.org|access-date=2016-05-18}}</ref> Located at [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India, it works on [[disaster risk reduction]], [[climate change adaptation]] and disaster mitigation. It is a community-based; action planning, action research and advocacy organization, working towards bridging the gap between policy, practice and research related to disaster mitigation. AIDMI have been working on six pillars: (i) Awareness generation, (ii) Capacity building, (iii) Policy advocacy, (iv) Direct implementation, (v) Research and publications, and (vi) Networking.

== History of the organization ==

AIDMI was founded by Mihir R Bhatt in response to the repeated 1987 – 89 droughts in India. After pursued his degree in Cambridge, UK and Washington DC, USA, upon returning to India in 1989, Mihir R Bhatt initiated a project on disaster risk mitigation with other three team members. The project then evolved to an autonomous organization known as All India Disaster Mitigation Institute (AIDMI) as today.

=== Vision & Mission ===

AIDMI’s vision is to set up a strengthened community of the deprived and excluded citizens who are resilient to hazards, have their own coping mechanisms, are prepared to manage disaster recovery on their own, and have access public resources as their right.

Its mission is to mainstream disaster risk reduction (DRR) by turning disaster relief and rehabilitation measures into an opportunity for sustainable human security and poverty alleviation by supporting deprived and excluded citizens.

As an operational and learning organization, AIDMI works towards promoting Disaster Risk Mitigation and [[climate change adaptation|Adaptation]] to [[climate risk|climate change risk]] by supporting, capturing, processing and disseminating disaster related information, lessons and innovative ideas as well as conducting stakeholder round tables, trainings of trainers, reviews, evaluations, and pilot projects.

Since the establishment, it has expanded its work over the years to cover nine types of disasters (including natural disasters and man-made disasters) in twelve areas of India and beyond to eight countries in Asia. AIDMI strives to link local communities to national and international levels of risk reduction, relief and long-term recovery policies and programs.

=== About the Founder ===

[[Mihir R. Bhatt]] studied and practiced architecture and city planning in Ahmedabad and Delhi, India, and later Cambridge and Washington DC, USA. He received Russell E. Train Institutional Fellowship from the World Wildlife Fund, USA (1997 for innovation in institution buildings); Eisenhower Fellowship, USA (2000 for leadership in humanitarian and disaster risk reduction efforts in India); and Ashoka International Fellowship, USA (2004 for social enterprise in mobilising resources). Some of Mihir’s work includes: evaluated tsunami recovery for Disaster Emergency Committee, UK; co-managed Local Capacity theme of Tsunami Evaluation Coalition, UK, advised NGO Impact Initiative of President Clinton’s tsunami recovery office; evaluated [[Oxfam]] International response in South India and Sri Lanka; mainstreamed Disaster Risk Reduction UNDP in Sri Lanka; evaluated UNDP’s Disaster Risk Mitigation Project in India covering 169 districts and 38 cities as well as the UN’s unified tsunami response coordinated by the UNDP.

He is a Senior Fellow of Humanitarian Initiatives at Harvard University, USA, full Member of ALNAP and a member of the Civil Society Advisory Committee of Commonwealth Foundation, UK and Author to IPCC’s special report on extreme events. He is also founding member of International Humanitarian Studies Association, Netherlands.

== AIDMI’s work ==

AIDMI has responded to several large-scale disasters. These include [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|the 2001 Gujarat earthquake]], [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami]], [[2005 Kashmir earthquake|the 2005 Kashmir earthquake]], [[2005 Gujarat flood|the 2005]] and 2006 Gujarat floods, [[2007 Bihar flood|the 2007]] and [[2008 Bihar flood]]s, [[Cyclone Sidr|the 2007 cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh]], [[Cyclone Nargis|the 2008 cyclone Nargis in Myanmar]], the [[2010 Leh floods|2010 Leh cloud burst]], the 2011 Odisha floods, the [[2011 Sikkim earthquake]], the 2013 [[Cyclone Phailin]], the 2014 Uttarakhand floods, [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|the 2015 Nepal Earthquake]], the [[2015 Chennai floods]], and recently the [[2018 Kerala floods]], along with many small local disasters and accidents.

During those events, AIDMI, along with other NGOs and government officers, provided relief and livelihood support for the victims and their families. In 1998, AIDMI introduced livelihood relief in humanitarian action in India, which argued relief should be provided with a focus on livelihood. Based on human security approach, AIDMI’s approach is to promote long-term recovery and community development focusing on food, water, shelter, and livelihood. 15,000 families and 9,000 habitats benefited from AIDMI’s livelihood recovery programs. In 1999, after the Kandla Cyclone, AIDMI advocated the [[Government of India]] to establish a national authority to coordinate response to natural and man-made disasters and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response. It was not until 2005 that the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was officially established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government.

Besides, AIDMI has conducted over 28 research and evaluations of disaster risk management across South and Southeast Asia. Evaluations have been carried out in partnerships with the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), [[Christian Aid]], Concern Worldwide India, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), [[Department for International Development]] (DFID), [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] (JICA), The United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (HIVOS), Government of India (GoI), UNDP EC, Oxfam UK, and the Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC). These research and evaluations were to capture and share insights into how joint evaluations can improve accountability, ownership and management in favour of the poor and affected community.

=== Afat Vimo ===

“Afat Vimo” is a disaster insurance product offered by AIDMI, which covers both life and non-life losses. All India Disaster Mitigation Institute (AIDMI) was the first agency in India to design a combination of life and non-life disaster insurance product for disaster victims; through public insurance companies in 2004, supported by the ProVention Consortium. Since the first pilot in Gujarat, AIDMI has pioneered a series of action-learning pilots on disaster micro-insurance across India. The Afat Vimo (disaster insurance) scheme covering 19 types of disasters was first piloted in Gujarat in 2004 and was later extended to 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami victims in [[Tamil Nadu]], and 2005 earthquake victims in Jammu and Kashmir. In 2011, the pilot scheme was extended to the floods and cyclone victims in Odisha; through Society for Women Action Development (SWAD) with support from European Union in partnership with Concern Worldwide India and later on in 2013 with support of Climate Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) the study on effectiveness of disaster insurance conducted.<ref>UNISDR & GAR. (2014). Risk transfer through micro-insurance. Lesson learnt and Evidence from Phailin Cyclone Affected Community. Input paper, prepared for the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015.</ref>

The typical Afat Vimo client has assets worth Rs. 13,000 (US$285) with an annual income of Rs. 16,000-24,000 (US$350–525) and owns his/her micro-business. In exchange for a one-time upfront fee worth approximately three-day salary, Afat Vimo provides coverage on losses or damages to house, stock-in-trade, or loss of work due to accident and death of earning family member up to Rs. 75,000 (US$1,900).<ref>The World Bank. (2008). Microinsurance: Extending pro-poor risk management through the social fund platform. Accessed at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSF/Resources/395669-1124228277650/SFInnnotesV5No2.pdf. Retrieved 32 Oct 2052.</ref> A follow-up study by AIDMI after Cyclone Phailin found that those who had purchased insurance were able to use the post-disaster liquidity it provided to rebuild their livelihoods. Those who did not have insurance had to hope for government or NGO support, or turn to moneylenders charging steep interest rates, which often locked them into an unsustainable spiral of high-interest debt. By transferring risk to the private sector, micro-insurance increased the capacity of communities to absorb shocks themselves.<ref>Stanford Social Innovation Review. (2016). Investing in communities affected by conflict and crises. Accessed at https://ssir.org/articles/entry/investing_in_communities_affected_by_conflict_and_crises1. Retrieved 31 Oct 2018.</ref>

=== Publication of Southasiadisaster.net ===

Southasiadisaster.net is a publication of AIDMI, naming Southasiadisasters.net (in English), Vipada Nivaran (in Hindi) and Afat Nivaran (in Gujarati). The publication has 176 issues up to Oct 2018, contributed from 692 writers belonging to 582 organizations from India and 39 countries, covering 17 disasters, spanning over 39 themes and 15 important national and international policy discourses. The [http://www.aidmi.org/publications.aspx list] of the publications can be accessed from the website of the organisation.

== AIDMI in the Media ==

AIDMI has been featured in local and international newspaper (from April 2017 to Oct 2018)

The Hindu. (2017). ''How Ahmedabad beat the heat''.

Conservations Today. (2017). ''Building back better''.

Ahmedabad Mirror. (2018). ''We’ve all it takes to be a creative city.''

Magazine of Middle East Institute. (2018). ''India and the Middle East: Common Areas of Action on the Sendai Framework.''

Magazine of Middle East Institute. (2018). ''India and the Middle East: Building Joint Knowledge on Managing Sand and Dust Storms.''

The Indian Express. (2018). ''AIDMI part of South Asia effort on disaster management.''

Ahmedabad Mirror. (2018). ''High-rises to come under AMC scanner.''

Ahmedabad Mirror. (2018). ''Early warning systems: AIDMI joins South Asia collaboration.''

Navbharat Raipur City Edition. (2018). ''Special Attention on School Safety, Create outline''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1989]]

Yogoda Satsanga Society of India

2025-12-21T07:56:48Z

CaraVanOtterloo: creating initial bio w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian spiritual organization}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Yogoda Satsanga Society of India
| image = YSS-Logo.png
| image_border =
| size = 250px
| alt =
| caption =
| formation = {{Start date and age|1917|3|22}}<ref name=thi>{{cite news |title=Centenary celebrations of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2017-01-06/Centenary-celebrations-of--Yogoda-Satsanga-Society-of-India-/272345|website=thehansindia.com |access-date=2017-07-14 }}</ref><ref name=dna>{{cite news |title=Kriya yoga in the modern day world |last=Pooja |first=Patel |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-kriya-yoga-in-the-modern-day-world-2290213|access-date=2017-07-15|work=dnaindia.com}}</ref><ref name="UoC"/>
| map =
| msize =
| type = Spiritual organization
| status = [[Foundation (nonprofit)|Foundation]]
| purpose = Educational, [[Philanthropic]], [[Religious studies]], [[Spirituality]]
| headquarters = [[Dakshineswar]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| coords = 
| region_served = South Asia
| membership =
| language =
| general =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Brother Chidananda]]<ref name="chidananda"/>
| main_organ =
| affiliations = [[Self-Realization Fellowship]]
| location = 200 Centers<ref>{{cite web | url=https://yssofindia.org/ashrams | title=YSS Ashrams and Centres }}</ref>
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = {{URL|http://www.yssofindia.org/}}
| remarks =
| former name =
}}
[[File:Paramahansa Yogananda Standard Pose.jpg|150px|thumb|[[Paramahansa Yogananda]], Founder]]
{{Hinduism}}
[[File:Yogoda Satsanga Society of India Headquarters, Dakshinewar, India.jpg|thumb|150px| right | YSSI Headquarters, Dakshineswar, India]]
[[File:Yogoda Satsanga Sakha Math, Ranchi.jpg|thumb|150px| Yogoda Satsanga Sakha Math, [[Ranchi, India]]]]
[[File:Temple at Yogoda Satsanga Sakha Math, Dwarahat, India.jpg|thumb|150px| right|Temple at Yogoda Satsanga Sakha Math, Dwarahat, India]]

'''Yogoda Satsanga Society of India''' ('''YSS''') is a non-profit, nonsectarian<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yssofindia.org/about/About-YSS-India|title=About Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|website=yssofindia.org|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> spiritual organization founded by [[Paramahansa Yogananda]] in 1917 and is a part of the [[Self-Realization Fellowship]] which was founded in 1920 to care for and disseminate his teachings.<ref name=LifePositive>{{cite web|title=Paramahansa Yogananda – The Yogi and His Fellowship|last=Bhattacharya|first=Saurabh|url=http://www.lifepositive.com/spirit/masters/paramahansa-yogananda/self-realization.asp|website=lifepositive.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717000259/http://www.lifepositive.com/spirit/masters/paramahansa-yogananda/self-realization.asp|archive-date=17 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=Melton>{{cite book |last=Melton, J. Gordon|first=Martin Baumann|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices |year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598842043 }}</ref> The current president of the SRF/YSS is [[Brother Chidananda]].<ref name="chidananda">{{cite web |title= SRF Announces New President – Brother Chidananda Elected President and Spiritual Head of SRF/YSS |url=http://www.yogananda-srf.org/NewsArchive/2017/SRF_Announces_New_President.aspx#.WapJQj6GOUk|publisher= Self-Realization Fellowship|date= September 1, 2017 |access-date= September 1, 2017}}</ref> Paramahansa Yogananda is most noted for his 1946 book ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'' which became an international bestseller and featured in the ''100 Most Important Spiritual Books of the 20th Century'' by [[HarperCollins]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.librarything.com/bookaward/HarperCollins+100+Best+Spiritual+Books+of+the+Century |title=HarperCollins 100 Best Spiritual Books of the Century |publisher= Library Thing }}</ref>

==Overview==
YSS's headquarters, Yogoda Satsanga Math, is situated in [[Dakshineswar]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], with ashrams in [[Dwarahat]], in the state of [[Uttarakhand]], [[YSS Noida Ashram|Noida]], part of the [[National Capital Region]], and [[Ranchi]], in the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=LifePositive/> It has grown to include more than 200 centers around the country. In addition to this, there are twenty-three educational institutions from primary grades through college level. YSS also has retreat centers in [[Shimla]], [[Chennai]], [[Pune]], [[Igatpuri]], [[Dihika Ashram|Dihika]], [[Puri]], [[Serampore]], and Telary in India. [[Self-Realization Fellowship]], of which YSS is a part, is based at its international headquarters in [[Mount Washington, Los Angeles|Mount Washington]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. [[Self-Realization Fellowship]] has over 500 temples, retreats, ashrams, centers, and meditation circles around the world.<ref name="dna"/>

''Yogoda'', a word coined by Yogananda, is derived from ''[[Yoga]]'', union, harmony, equilibrium; and ''da'', "that which imparts". "Satsanga" is composed of Sat, truth and Sanga, fellowship.

Paramahansa Yogananda started a small ashram in [[Dihika]], West Bengal (near Asansol), in 1917<ref>{{cite web |title= 813. Yogoda Satsanga|last=Agrawal|first=Pravin| url= http://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/813-yogoda-satsanga |publisher= SpeakingTree.in}}</ref> prior to moving to Ranchi, where he established and developed his first major ashram in India.<ref name=UoC>{{cite news |title=Encyclopedia of Global Religion |last=Juergensmeyer |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwJzAwAAQBAJ&q=Yogoda+Satsanga+Society+of+India&pg=PA1145|access-date=2017-07-16|work=University of California|date=18 October 2011 |isbn=9781452266565}}</ref> The original site where Paramahansa Yogananda started Dihika ashram, was purchased in 1992 by Yogoda Satsanga Society of India and is maintained as one of the organization's heritage sites. "In 1997, YSS started a Kendra here. Soon thereafter, a charitable homeopathic dispensary was added. From mid-2010, this Kendra was slowly remodeled into a retreat center with a boundary wall and a guesthouse. Subsequently, the work of constructing a Dhyana Mandir — with an accommodation for about 75 devotees — has been completed at this site."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yssofindia.org/news-detail.php?news_id=MTA= |title=Newsletter & Appeal 2011 – New and Upcoming Projects |website=yssofindia.org |access-date=2012-06-12 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

==Ashrams, retreats and other facilities==
Yogoda Satsanga Society of India oversees more than 180 Kendras, Mandalis, Retreats, Ashrams throughout India and Nepal where weekly services, group meditations, and other programmes are held. Sunday School classes for children are also offered at many locations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yogoda Satsanga Society of India Ashrams and Centres|url= https://www.yssofindia.org/ashrams/YSS-Ashrams-and-Centres |website=yssofindia.org |access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref>

===Ashrams===
''Dakshineshwar Ashram'': Paramahansa Yogananda wrote to Rajarsi Janakananda from Calcutta during his visit to India in 1935–36, "You would be pleased to know that I have been working incessantly for creating a permanent centre in Calcutta, the crown city of Bengal, and I think I am almost successful."<ref>{{cite book |title= Rajarsi Janakananda: A Great Western Yogi|year= 1996|publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn= 0-87612-019-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Yogoda Satsanga Math, Dakshineswar |url=https://www.yssofindia.org/ashrams/Yogoda-Satsanga-Math-Dakshineswar|website=yssofindia.org|access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref>

In 1946 Yogananda wrote in his ''Autobiography of a Yogi'', "A stately Yogoda Math in Dakshineswar, fronting the Ganges, was dedicated in 1939. Only a few miles north of Calcutta, the hermitage affords a haven of peace for city dwellers. The Dakshineswar Math is the headquarters in India of the Yogoda Satsanga Society and its schools, centres, and ashrams in various parts of India."<ref name=Dak>{{cite book |last=Yogananda |first=Paramahansa |title=Autobiography of a Yogi |year=1997 |publisher=Self-Realization Fellowship |location= Los Angeles, CA|isbn=0-87612-086-9}}</ref>

Ranchi Ashram: It was here, in Ranchi, in 1917, that Paramahansa Yogananda began his life's work with the founding of an ashram and a "How-to-Live" school for boys, and to make available the universal teachings of Kriya Yoga. The living quarters of great Guru during the early years is preserved as a shrine. The room is open to all for private meditation throughout the day.

Dwarahat Ashram: The YSS Ashram is located about 1.5 km from the Dwarahat town, in Almora district of Uttarakhand State and is surrounded by pine forest on all sides. On the way from town to the Ashram, to the right is the Government Rest House where Sri Daya Mataji had stayed during her visit to Mahavatar Babaji's cave in 1963–64 as the YSS ashram had not been built then.

Noida Ashram: Yogoda Satsanga Sakha Ashram - Noida was inaugurated in January 2010 after the completion of its first phase of construction. Built on a 5-acre plot barely 4 km from the Delhi-U.P border, this phase consists of an Administration Block and two Retreat Blocks.
[[File:Paramahansa Yogananda 1977 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|125px|right|A 1977 stamp of India]]
[[File:Paramahansa Yogananda 2017 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|150px|right|A 2017 stamp of India, with the [[Yogoda Satsanga]] Sakha Math at Ranchi in the background]]

===India's Commemorative Stamp - 100th Anniversary of YSS ===
On March 7, 2017, the Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]] released the commemorative postage stamp honoring the 100th anniversary of the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, founded by Yogananda.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.narendramodi.in/pm-modi-releases-special-commemorative-postage-stamp-on-100-years-of-yogoda-satsanga-math-534638|title= PM releases commemorative postage stamp on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India |access-date=11 March 2017 |website=narendramodi.in}}</ref> The Prime minister stated that though Paramahansa Yogananda left the shores of India to spread his message, he always remained connected with India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamp-on-yogoda-satsanga-society/articleshow/57513773.cms |title=PM Narendra Modi releases commemorative stamp on Yogoda Satsanga Society |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=11 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312142028/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamp-on-yogoda-satsanga-society/articleshow/57513773.cms |archive-date=12 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=i>{{cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi at Yogoda Satsanga Society of India |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/pm-narendra-modi-at-yogoda-satsanga-society-of-india-it-is-unfortunate-that-people-link-adhyatma-with-religion-1899870/|website=india.com |access-date=2017-07-20}}</ref>

===Publications===
Yogoda Satsanga Ranchi Ashram has a full-fledged publication facility which published and distributes the spiritual books of Paramhansa Yogananda and other YSS leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title= YSS Publications |url=https://bookstore.yssofindia.org |website=yssofindia.org|access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> It also publishes the quarterly Yogoda Satsanga Magazine.<ref>{{cite web |title= Yogoda Satsanga Magazine |url=https://yssofindia.org/spiritual/yogoda-satsanga-magazine |website=yssofindia.org|access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref>

===Retreats===
Yogoda Satsanga Society of India's How-to-Live Retreat programmes are open to anyone.<ref>{{cite web |title= YSS Retreats |url=https://www.yssofindia.org/programmes/Retreats |website=yssofindia.org|access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{Main| Paramahansa Yogananda bibliography}}

== See also ==
* [[Lahiri Mahasaya]]
* [[Rajarsi Janakananda]]
* [[Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine]]
* [[Yukteswar Giri]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Yogoda Satsanga Society of India}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Paramahansa Yogananda|state=expanded}}
{{Hindu reform movements}}
{{New Religious Movements}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yogoda Satsanga Society of India}}
[[Category:Paramahansa Yogananda]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hindu new religious movements]]
[[Category:Hindu religious orders]]
[[Category:International Hindu organizations]]
[[Category:Book publishing in India]]
[[Category:Religious organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1917]]
[[Category:Yoga organizations]]

Namak Issk Ka

2025-12-17T14:14:57Z

CaraVanOtterloo:

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{cleanup|reason=unencyclopedic and incomprehensible text|date=July 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Namakisskkatitle.jpg
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] Social Drama
Supernatural
| creator = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| developer =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]] Aditya Ojha Aamir Khan [[Antara Biswas]]}}
| writer = Divy Nidhi Sharma Aparajita Sharma
| story = Sudhir Kumar Singh
| screenplay = Sudhir Kumar Singh
| director = Atif Khan
| creative_director = Muskan Bajaj
| producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] Deepti Kalwani
| company = [[4 Lions Films]]
| executive_producer =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| cinematography = Nidhin Valanday
| runtime = 22–25 minutes
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 187
| opentheme = ''O Sajanwa''
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer = Tapas Relia
| composer = Nishant–Raja
| editor = Shashank Harendra Singh Rakesh Lal Das
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2020|12|07}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2021|08|20}}
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| related =
}}
'''''Namak Issk Ka''''' ({{Translation}} Salt of love) is an Indian drama television series that premiered on [[Colors TV]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Video: Colors unveils promo of Gul Khan's new fiction Namak Issk Ka|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/in-video-colors-unveils-promo-of-gul-khans-new-fiction-namak-ishq-ka/|website=BizAsia|date=4 November 2020}}</ref> on 7 December 2020. Produced by [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] and Deepti Kalwani under [[4 Lions Films]], it starred [[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]], Aditya Ojha and [[Antara Biswas]] in lead roles. Principal photography ended on 13 August 2021. The show telecast its last episode on 20 August 2021 and was replaced by [[Nima Denzongpa]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-namak-issk-ka-actor-shruti-sharma-confirms-show-going-off-air/articleshow/84519200.cms |title= Exclusive! Namak Issk Ka actor Shruti Sharma confirms show going off-air |work= TimesOfIndia|date= 18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref>

On 26 September 2021, it premiered dubbed in Arabic under the title ''على قيد الحياة'' ({{Translation}} Alive) at [[MBC Bollywood]].

==Plot==

The story is about an item girl named Kahani Verma, also known as Chamcham Rani, and a rich businessman, Yug Pratap Rajput, who are childhood friends who became separated in an accident. Yug and Kahani meet after 15 years. This is when Yug learns that Kahani is a dancer.

Kahani is shown to have adopted two orphans and works hard to support them. Yug hates Kahani as he considers all dancers to be home-breakers who just want to lure rich people for money. Though other members of the family do not believe Kahani to be such, Yug insults her and throws her out of the house when he learns that it was her all along who was the nurse to Ravikant, Yug's father's friend and Kahani's biological father. It is revealed that Iravati, Ravikant's second wife caused the accident 15 years ago which left Ravikant paralyzed and Meera dead, which separated Kahani from her family.

Yug's opinion towards Kahani changes when she saves Rupa, Yug's sister-in-law and Kahani's step-sister from a bullet, intended to kill her so as to blackmail Iravati. Yug's brother Raunak lusts after Kahani while pulling on a facade of a loving husband to a scared Rupa, even though he has a son named Harsh. He somehow convinces her to marry him while keeping her in dark that he is Yug's brother and Rupa's husband, he tells her that his first wife died, but Kahani learns the truth about Raunak. Raunak kidnaps Kahani's brother Lucky and forces her to marry him. Yug tries to prevent Kahani and Raunak from marrying. Rupa learns the truth and tries to commit suicide but is saved by Yug. For Raunak's happiness, Rupa plans to do the wedding of Raunak and Kahani secretly along with Yug and Gunjan's marriage. But Yug discovers that Kahani is disguised as Rupa. Soon he reveals this to everybody. After a shocking turn of events, Kahani becomes the epicentre of the family's condemnation and rejection when the series of events force Yug to marry her. However, she stands up against the family for insulting her and declares to leave the house for good. Despite her efforts, Kahani fails to escape Yug's clutches. Soon, she attacks Yug and rushes to meet Rani and Lucky. However, Kahani notices the lock Yug gave her in their childhood and realises that he is her long-lost friend. Iravati tries to console Gunjan after her wedding to Yug is jeopardised. But Gunjan lashes out at her and reveals knowing about her attempt to murder Ravikant. However, a cunning Iravati changes tact and convinces Gunjan to change her opinion. As Kahani is being treated unfairly by the whole family, she hopes to tell Yug the truth and seek his trust. However, Yug tells Kahani that he has nothing but deep-rooted hatred for her.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]] as
**Kahani Verma Rajput / Chamcham: Meera and Ravikant's elder daughter; Iravati's stepdaughter; Satya's twin sister; Rupa and Gunjan's half-sister; Lucky and Rani's foster sister; Yug's best friend and wife (2020–2021)
**Satya Verma: Meera and Ravikant's younger daughter; Iravati's stepdaughter; Kahani's twin sister; Rupa and Gunjan's half-sister (2021)
*Aditya Ojha as Yug Rajput: Saroj and Nishikant's younger son; Raunak and Juhi's brother; Kahani's best friend and husband (2020–2021)
*[[Antara Biswas]] as Iravati Verma: Former bar dancer; Ravikant's second wife; Rupa and Gunjan's mother; Kahani and Satya's stepmother; Harsh's step-grandmother (2020–2021) (Dead)

===Recurring===
*[[Rajshri Rani]] as Rupa Verma Rajput: Ravikant and Iravati's elder daughter; Gunjan's sister; Kahani and Satya's half-sister; Raunak's widow; Harsh's stepmother; Iravati and Raunak's murderer (2020–2021)
* Aamir Khan as Raunak "Ronny" Rajput: Saroj and Nishikant's elder son; Yug and Juhi's brother; Rupa's husband; Harsh’s father (2020–2021) (Dead)
*[[Garima Vikrant Singh]] as Saroj Rajput: Nishikant's widow; Raunak, Yug and Juhi's mother; Harsh's grandmother (2020–2021)
*Ayansh Mishra as Harsh Rajput: Raunak and Pallavi's son; Rupa's stepson (2020–2021)
*Drishti Thakur as Juhi Rajput: Saroj and Nishikant's daughter; Raunak and Yug's sister (2020–2021)
*Meena Nathani as Amba Rajput: Nishikant's mother; Raunak, Yug and Juhi's grandmother; Harsh's great-grandmother (2020–2021)
*Anjali Gupta as Meera Verma: Ravikant's first wife; Kahani and Satya's mother (2020) (Dead)
*Muzaffar Khan as Ravikant Verma: Nishikant's best friend; Meera's widower; Iravati's husband; Rupa, Kahani, Gunjan and Satya's father; Harsh's step-grandfather (2020–2021)
*Sheetal Tiwari as Gunjan Verma: Ravikant and Iravati's younger daughter; Rupa's sister; Kahani and Satya's half-sister; Yug's former obsessive one-sided lover (2020–2021)
*Zoya Humayuh as Rani: Kahani and Lucky's foster sister (2020–2021)
*Unknown as Pallavi Singh Rathod: A bar dancer; Raunak's mistress; Harsh's mother (2020–2021)
*Arjun Aneja as Karan: Gunjan's groom (2021)
*Golo Morea as Dolly: House helper at Rajputs'; Patanga's wife (2020–2021)
*Nikhil Mehta as Patanga: House helper at Rajputs'; Dolly's husband (2020–2021)
* Jaswant Menaria as Shailendra Thakur: Kahani's stalker (2020) (Dead)

===Special appearances===
* [[Sidharth Shukla]] as himself (2021)
* [[Rakhi Sawant]] as herself (2021)
* Lalit Singh as Friend: Holi Sequence (2021)
* [[Rubina Dilaik]] as Soumya Singh from ''[[Shakti – Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'' (2021)
* [[Dipika Kakar]] as Simar Bharadwaj to promote ''[[Sasural Simar Ka 2]]'' (2021)
* [[Pravisht Mishra]] as Aniruddh Roy Chaudhary from ''[[Barrister Babu]]'' (2021)
* Aurra Bhatnagar Badoni as Bondita Roy Chaudhary from ''[[Barrister Babu]]'' (2021)
* [[Ankit Gupta]] as Fateh Singh Virk from ''[[Udaariyaan]]'' (2021)
* [[Isha Malviya]] as Jasmine Sandhu from ''[[Udaariyaan]]'' (2021)
* Priyal Mahajan as Purvi Veerendra Pratapsingh from ''[[Molkki]]'' (2021)
* [[Amar Upadhyay]] as Veerendra Pratapsingh from ''[[Molkki]]'' (2021)
* Priyanka Chahar Choudhary as Tejo Sandhu from ''[[Udaariyaan]]'' (2021)
* [[Avinesh Rekhi]] as Sarabjeet Singh Gill from ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]'' (2021)
* Aekam Binjwa as Paramjeet Singh Gill from ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]'' (2021)
* Kevina Tak as Seher Kaur Gill from ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]'' (2021)
* [[Sahil Uppal]] as Omkar Shukla from ''[[Pinjra Khoobsurti Ka]]'' (2021)
* [[Riya Sharma]] as Dr. Mayura Shukla from ''[[Pinjra Khoobsurti Ka]]'' (2021)
* [[Aditya Redij]] as Shiva Lashkare from ''[[Bawara Dil]]'' (2021)
* Kinjal Dhamecha as Siddhi Lashkare from ''[[Bawara Dil]]'' (2021)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt13439146}}
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/namak-issk-ka/296305 Namak Issk Ka] on [[Voot]]

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]

Neer dosa

2025-12-15T11:40:09Z

CaraVanOtterloo: quick fix

{{Short description|Type of dosa from Tulu Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name =
| image = Neer-dosa.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[Tulu Nadu]], [[Karnataka]]
| type = [[Dosa (food)|Dosa]]
| main_ingredient = [[Rice]]
}}
'''Neer dose''', literally meaning '''water dosa''' in [[Tulu language|Tulu]] is a [[crêpe]] prepared from [[rice]] [[Batter (cooking)|batter]]. Neer dosa is a delicacy from [[Tulu Nadu]] in [[Karnataka]], India and a part of Mangalorean cuisine.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ylCqCgAAQBAJ&q=neer+dosa&pg=PA7|title=So Tasty Healthy Low Calorie Vegetarian Cooking Book-2: Take care calorie by calorie DOSAS AND SOUTH INDIAN MOUTH WATERING VARIETIES|last=S|first=Latha Maheswari|date=2015-10-03|publisher=AB Publishing House|isbn=9781517632694|language=en}}</ref><ref name=:0>{{cite news |title=Mangalorean cuisine is anything but fishy! |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70391/7-mangalorean-dishes-that-are-simply-irresistible |access-date=11 May 2020 |work=Outlook}}</ref><ref name=:M>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/thalassery-to-kochi-via-food/article5397538.ece/ |title=Thalassery to Kochi via food |work=The Hindu |date=27 November 2013}}</ref>

==Overview==
''Neer'' is the word for water both in [[Tulu language|Tulu]] and [[Kannada language|Kannada]].<ref name=:0/><ref>{{cite news |title=Neer Dosa Recipe |url=https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-neer-dosa-463421 |access-date=11 May 2020 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

Unlike other [[Dosa (food)|dosa]]s neer dosa is known for its simple preparation method and lack of [[fermentation]].<ref>{{cite news |title=If you're craving for Mangalorean fare, Anupam's Coast II Coast, hits the spot |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/over-seas-from-coast-to-coast/article29918059.ece |access-date=11 May 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Usually, neer dosa is served with [[coconut chutney]], [[Sambar (dish)|sambar]], saagu and non vegetarian curries like chicken, mutton, fish and egg curry.<ref>{{cite news |title=6 Dishes from Udupi Every South Indian Food Lover Must Try |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/6-dishes-from-udupi-every-south-indian-food-lover-must-try-1720411 |access-date=11 May 2020 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

== Ingredients ==
Even though many variations exist for Neer Dosa batter, the two basic ingredients common to all of them are just soaked rice (or [[rice flour]]) and [[salt]].<ref>{{cite news |title=How to Make Neer Dosa |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/how-to-make-neer-dosa-784465 |access-date=11 May 2020 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

== Preparation ==
Fermentation of the [[rice]] is not required to prepare Neer dosa. The rice needs to be soaked for at least 2 hours. After a quick wash and a drain, the rice needs to be ground by adding water in order to get a very fine batter. Additional amount of water can be added based on the thickness of the batter and then salt is added for taste. Finally, the batter is used to prepare the dosa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6DBAAAQBAJ&q=neer+dosa+preparation&pg=PT39|title=South Indian Cooking|last=Dalal|first=Tarla|publisher=Sanjay & Co|isbn=9788189491796|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Neer Dosa |url=https://food.manoramaonline.com/food/around-the-world/karnataka-cuisine-neer-dosa-easy-breakfast-recipe.html |access-date=11 May 2020 |work=Manorama Online}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian breads]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category inline|Neer dosa}}

{{Indian bread}}
{{Pancakes}}

[[Category:Indian breads]]
[[Category:Karnataka cuisine]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Mangalorean cuisine]]
[[Category:Tulu Nadu]]
[[Category:Dosa (food)]]
[[Category:Rice breads]]

List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Sanskrit

2025-12-11T06:50:55Z

CaraVanOtterloo: starting a data

{{Short description|List of winners of a literary honor in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
'''Sahitya Akademi Translation Prizes''' are given each year to writers for their outstanding translations work in the 24 languages, since 1989.<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=..:: Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation ::.. |url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/sahitya_akademi_prize.jsp |access-date=2021-08-01 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize|Sahitya Akademi translation prizes]] for their works written in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]. The award, as of 2019, consisted of {{INR}}50,000.<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Translator
!Title of the translation
!Original title
!Original language
!Genre
!Original Author
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 1990 || Ganesha Sharma || Vijananam Samajasca || Vijnana Aur Samaja || Hindi || Treatise || Sarayu Prasad Gupta ||
|-
| 1991 || Mallikarjun Paraddi || Satikam Kabirdasashatakam || Kabir Dohavali || Hindi || Couplets || [[Kabirdas|Kabir]] ||
|-
| 1993 || Amir Chandra Shastri || Nehrucarita Mahakavyam || Autobiography || English || Biography || [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] ||
|-
| 1994 || Kashinath Mishra || Vidyapati Shatakam || Vtdyapatt || Maithili || Poetry || [[Vidyapati]] ||
|-
| 1995 || K.P. Narayana Pisharodi || Srikrishnacharitam Mahakavyam || Srikrishnacharitam Mahakavyam || Malayalam
| Epic || [[Kunchan Nambiar]] ||
|-
| 1996 || Kshirod Chandra Dash || Chilika || Chilika || Oriya || Poetry || [[Radhanath Ray]] ||
|-
| 1997 || Shyam Vimal || Vyamoha || Vyamoha || Hindi || Novel || Shyam Vimal ||
|-
| 1998 || Bihari Lal Mishra || Sharatsaptakam || Selection || Bengali || Short Stories || [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]] ||
|-
| 2000 || Dipak Ghosh || Sanskritara-vindrasangitam || Collection || Bengali || Poetry || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] ||
|-
| 2001 || R. Sri Hari || Prapanchapadi || Prapanchapadulu || Telugu || Poetry || [[C. Narayana Reddy]] ||
|-
| 2004 || [[Jagannath Pathak]] || Ghaliba Kavyam || Diwan-e-Ghalib || Urdu || Poetry || [[Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib]]
||
|-
| 2005 || Janardhan Hedge || Dharmasri || Dharmasri || Kannad || Novel || [[S. L. Bhyrappa]] ||
|-
| 2006 || H.V. Nagaraja Rao || Sartha || Sartha || Kannad || Novel || [[S. L. Bhyrappa]] ||
|-
| 2007 || Vishu Belani || Agni Sakshi || [[Agnisakshi (novel)|Agnisakshi]] || Malayalam || Novel || [[Lalithambika Antharjanam]] ||
|-
| 2008 || A. V. Subramanian || Sringarapadyavali || [[Kuṟuntokai]] || Tamil || Poetry || [[Sangam literature|Sangam Poets]] ||
|-
| 2009 || Prem Narayan Dwivedi || Srimadramacharitamanasam || [[Ramcharitmanas]] || Awadhi || Epic Poem || [[Tulsidas]]
||
|-
| 2010 || [[H. R. Vishwasa]] || Aavaranam || [[Aavarana]] || Kannada || Novel || [[S. L. Bhyrappa]] ||
|-
| 2011 || K. Ramakrishna Variyer || Gitanjali || [[Gitanjali]] || Bengali || Poetry || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] ||
|-
| 2012 || Bhagirathinanda || Bharatvarsham || Bharatvarsha || Odia || Poetry || [[Sitakant Mahapatra]] ||
|-
| 2013 || [[Abhiraj Rajendra Mishra]] || Vijayaparva || Vijaya parva || Hindi || Play || Ramakumar Varma || <ref name=":6">{{cite web |date=22 August 2014 |title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2013- News Letter |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/July-August_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2022-08-16 |publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Narayan Dash || Vatyasarah || Jhad O Anyanya Kahani || Odia || Short Stories || ChandraShekhara das Varma || <ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2014- News Letter |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2022-08-16 |publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Tarashankar Sharma 'Pandeya' || Ahmev Radha Ahmev Krishna || Mein Hi Radha Main Hi Krishna || Hindi || Poetry
| [[Gulab Kothari]] || <ref name=":8">{{cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2015 |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2015.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2022-08-16 |publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of translation prize |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-translation-prize-556372-2016-02-15 |accessdate=3 October 2019 |agency=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Imphal hosts Sahitya Akademi Translation Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/imphal-hosts-sahitya-akademi-translation-award/ |accessdate=3 October 2019 |newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of translation prize |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-translation-prize-116021501187_1.html |accessdate=3 July 2019 |agency=business-standard}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Rani Sadasiva Murty || Vivkatapuspakarandah || Ontari Pula Butta || Telugu || Poetry || Rallabandi Kavita Prasad || <ref name=":9">{{cite web |date=20 April 2017 |title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2016 |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2016.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2022-08-16 |publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Praveen Pandya || Soundaryasrotarswini Narmada || Saundaryana Nadi Narmada || Gujarati || Travelogue || [[Amritlal Vegad]] || <ref name=":10">{{cite web |date=21 December 2017 |title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2017 |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2017.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2022-08-16 |publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || Dipak Kumar Sharma || Asama Vanmanjari || Asama Vanmanjari || Assamese || Poetry || Various Authors || <ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=AKADEMI TRANSLATION PRIZES (1989-2018) |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |archive-date= |accessdate=20 November 2019 |website=Sahitya Akademi}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || Prem Shankar Sharma || Rashmirathi || [[Rashmirathi]] || Hindi || Poetry || [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]] || <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter |url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Pressrelease_TP_2019_25_02_2020.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2020-02-24 |website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || Manjusha Kulkarni || Prakashmargh || Prakashvata || Marathi || Biography || Prakash Aamate || <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2020 |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/TP-2020-EWeb.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || [[Shatavadhani Ganesh]] & B. N. Shashikiran || Mahaabraahmanah || Mahabrahmana || Kannada || Novel || [[Devudu Narasimha Sastri]] || <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2021 |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2021.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || Gopabandhu Mishra || Amrutaphalam || AmrutaPhala || Odia || Novel || [[Manoj Das]] || <ref name=":6A">{{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2022.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2022|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2023-07-03|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Ruchiraah Baalakathaah || Nagaratna Hegde || Makkaligaagi Nanna Necchina Kathegalu || Kannada || Short Stories || [[Sudha Murty]] || <ref>{{cite web |title=SAHITYA AKADEMI PRIZE FOR TRANSLATION 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2013527 |website=www.pib.gov.in |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Sanskrit]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp#SANSKRIT Akademi Translation Prizes For Sanskrit Language]

{{Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize}}
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]

Jania, Barpeta district

2025-11-25T06:19:10Z

CaraVanOtterloo: added initial location from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
'''Jania''' is a [[Satra]] holding village in [[Barpeta District]], [[Assam]], [[India]]. The village is located 10 km far (west) from District headquarters [[Barpeta]] and 100 km far from State capital [[Guwahati]]. It is said that Srimanta [[Sankardeva]] named the village as Ejoniya (single opinion) which was derived to Jania by one mouth to another as passing time.<ref>http://www.indiamapia.com/Barpeta/jania.html India Map Jania</ref>

== Population ==
The village carries total 1263 families and it has population of 6468 of which 3353 are males while 3115 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village literacy rate of Jania village is 53.96% compared to 72.19% of Assam where Male literacy stands at 60.71% and female literacy rate was 46.65%.<ref>http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/282908-jania-assam.html Jania Population - Barpeta, Assam</ref>

==Education ==
There are four government-run lower primary schools and two upper primary schools in the village. Other private schools include Fakharuddin Ali Ahmed Memorial College, Dapon Jatiya Vidyalaya, Jania High School, Jania Anchalik Sr Madrasa, and Banglipara High madrasa.

== Satra ==

Jania satra was built by the grandson of mahapurush Narayan Das Thakur Ata and the satra is one of the main attractions of this village.<ref>http://barpeta.gov.in/culture.html satras in Barpeta</ref>

==Politics==
Jania is the center place of the 44 Jania LAC which is one of the prestigious Assembly constituency because [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] was started his political journey from this constituency and later become the [[President of India]].<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/obituary/story/19770228-president-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-passes-away-818732-2015-03-09 indiatoday.intoday.in] Times of India</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Villages in Barpeta district]]

Unch Majha Zoka

2025-11-20T13:29:40Z

CaraVanOtterloo: expanded article and updated info

{{Short description|Marathi language historical TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Uncha Maaza Zoka.jpg
| image_size =
| num_episodes = 432
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| genre = [[Biography]]
| director = Viren Pradhan
| runtime = 22 minutes
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| company = Piccolo Films
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2012|3|5|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2013|7|14|df=y}}
| open_theme = "Unch Majha Zoka" by Jaanvee Prabhu Arora
}}

'''''Unch Majha Zoka''''' ({{translation|High my bow}}) is an Indian television series directed by Viren Pradhan and was aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. The series premiered on 5 March 2012 from Monday to Saturday at 8 pm by replacing ''Ekach Hya Janmi Janu''.<ref>{{Cite web|title='उंच माझा झोका'चा 14 जुलैला समारोप|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/mah-mum-uncha-maza-zoka-marathi-sereal-closing-now-4303563-nor.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>

== Summary ==
It is a dramatization of the story of how the child Yamuna was given at age 11 in an arranged marriage to [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] and then proceeded to defy society's expectation to become the social activist [[Ramabai Ranade]]. It is set during the [[British Raj]] in 1870s India.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Spruha Joshi]] as [[Ramabai Ranade]], Mahadevrao's wife and Govindrao's daughter-in-law<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spruha Joshi recalls playing 'Ramabai Ranade' in Uncha Majha Zoka; says, "Heartfelt thanks for loving me as Rama" - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/spruha-joshi-recalls-playing-ramabai-ranade-in-uncha-majha-zoka-says-heartfelt-thanks-for-loving-me-as-rama/articleshow/94152525.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
** Tejashree Walawalkar as maiden Yamuna Annasaheb Kurlekar and Young [[Ramabai Ranade]]
* Vikram Gaikwad as [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] aka Madhavrao, Ramabai's husband, Govindrao's eldest son
* [[Sharad Ponkshe]] as Govindrao (Bhausaheb) Ranade, Mahadevrao, Durga Akka, Nilkantha (Aaba) and Shripad's (Baba) father, Ramabai's father-in-law, Gopikabai and Mai's husband
* [[Shailesh Datar]] as Annasaheb Kurlekar, Umabai's husband, Gopal, Daji, Keshav and Ramabai's father, Saraswatibai and Mahadevrao's father-in-law
* [[Kavita Lad]] as Umabai Annasaheb Kurlekar, Annasaheb's wife, Gopal, Daji, Keshav and Ramabai's mother, Saraswatibai and Mahadevrao's mother-in-law
* Rugvedi Pradhan as Mai Ranade, Govindrao's second wife, Ramabai's step mother-in-law, Mahadevrao and Durga Akka's step mother, Nilkantha (Aaba) and Shripad's (Baba) biological mother

=== Recurring ===
* [[Sharmishtha Raut]] as Tai Kaku, Mahadevrao's widowed paternal aunt
* Sanyogita Bhave as Subhadra Kaku, Vithal (Vithu Kaka) Ranade's wife, Mahadevrao' aunt
* [[Mitali Mayekar]] as Ahilyabai, Moru Mama's third wife
* Saurabh Gokhale as Gopal Annasaheb Kurlekar, Ramabai's eldest brother, Saraswatibai's husband
* Pournima Bhave Talwalkar as Gopikabai Govindrao Ranade, Mahadevrao and Durga Akka's biological mother; Govindrao's first wife
* Amol Bavdekar as Moru Mama, Ahilyabai's husband, Mahadevrao's step maternal uncle (Mama), Mai's brother
* Atul Kasva as Pandu Kaka, Ranades' househelper
* [[Shilpa Tulaskar]] as Rukminibai Joshi, Ramabai's maternal aunt (Maushi), Umabai's elder sister
* [[Neena Kulkarni]] as Aaji, Mai's mother, Govindrao's second mother-in-law
* Akshata Kulkarni Gaikwd as Kashibai Kanetkar
* Chaitrali Gupte as Annapoornabai Ramakrishna Bhandarkar, wife of [[R. G. Bhandarkar]]
* [[Nayana Apte Joshi]] as Sakhartai, Tai Kaku's mother
* Nilpari Gaikwad Khanwalkar as Durga Akka (Durgabai Vinayakrao Fadnavis), Mahadevrao's real sister, Govindrao and Gopikabai's daughter (widowed at an early age)
* Sushil Bhosale as Nilkantha (Aaba) Govindrao Ranade, Govindrao and Mai's first son, Mahadevrao's step-brother
* Chinmay Kulkarni as young Nilkantha (Aaba) Govindrao Ranade
* Amruta Konde as Lakshmi Nilkantha Ranade, Aaba's wife, Govindrao and Mai's second daughter-in-law
* Ashish Joshi as Shripad (Baba) Govindrao Ranade, Govindrao and Mai's second son, Mahadevrao's step-brother
* Aditya Ganu as young Shripad (Baba) Govindrao Ranade
* Deepti Laygude as Ganga Shripad Ranade, Baba's wife, Govindrao and Mai's third daughter-in-law
* Niranjan Kulkarni as Damodar Abhyankar, Bayo's second husband
* Nandita Dhuri Patkar as Girijabai Ketkar
* [[Amol Kolhe]] as [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule]]
* [[Suzanne Bernert]] as Miss Hertford
* Anil Gawas as Sakha Kaka, Ranades' houshelp at Nashik
* [[Suruchi Adarkar]] as Muktabai Ranade Sathe (a widow guised as a married woman), Ranades' neighbour
* Akshaya Bhingarde as Saraswatibai Gopal Kurlekar, Gopal's wife, Ramabai's elder sister-in-law
* Madhavi Soman as Bhagirathibai, Annasaheb's widowed sister, Umabai's sister-in-law, Ramabai's paternal aunt(Aatya)
* Ujjwala Jog as Yashodabai Dandekar, Mahadevrao's first mother-in-law
* Dr. Sharad Bhutadiya as Vitthal Ranade (Vithu Kaka), Govindrao's Cousin, Subhadra Kaku's husband, Mahadevrao's uncle
* Mrunal Jadhav as Sakhu Duttatreya Moreshwar, Mahadevrao and Ramabai's neighbour in Nashik
* Swanand Joshi as Balambhatji Watve, Govindrao's friend, elderly person in Ranade household
* Devendra Dev as Kaka, Ramabai's elder paternal uncle, Annasaheb and Bhagirathibai's elder brother
* Hemangi Velankar as Kaku, Ramabai's elder paternal aunt, Kaka's wife
* Siddhesh Prabhakar as [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]
* Soham Bodas as young Keshav Annasaheb Kurlekar, Gopal, Daji and Ramabai's younger brother
* Atharva Gunjal as young Daji Annasaheb Kurlekar, Gopal, Keshav and Ramabai's younger brother
* Gururaj Avadhani as Haribhau Joshi, Rukminibai's father-in-law
* Dr. Girish Oak as Dr. Vishramraoji Ghole, Mahadevrao's doctor
* Jyoti Malshe as Bayo Moreshwar Abhyankar, widowed daughter of Vatsalabai and Madhavrao Moreshwar, remarried to Damodar Abhyankar
* Sanjivani Samel as Saraswatibai Ganeshrao Joshi, wife of Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka)
* Achyut Potdar as Dwarkanath Tarkhadkar
* Dr. Vilas Ujawane as Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka)
* Nandkumar Patil as Gopal Hari Deshmukh (Lokhitwadi)

== Production ==
The story is based in the late 19th century [[Maharashtra]]. The sets for the show, presenting the houses and interiors resembling that era are constructed at [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], [[Goregaon]]. Erected on 30-50 thousand square feet area, the set is mainly designed per descriptions of Ranade Wada as written by [[Ramabai Ranade]] in her biography ''Majhya Aayushyatlya Aathvani''. Santosh Futane has designed the sets based on these descriptions and then making them shooting-friendly. The makeup rooms also have the old look from outside but are equipped with modern facilities from inside. The [[Theatrical property]] of old utensils, lamps, machines have been collected from various cities including rural areas like [[Padgha]], Wada and [[Mokhada]].

=== Special episode ===
==== 1 hour ====
* 9 September 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title='Unch Mazha Zhoka' completes 100 episodes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/unch-mazha-zhoka-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/14500842.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==== 2 hours ====
* 14 July 2013 (Last episode)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uncha Mazha Zhoka's 2 hour grand finale - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/uncha-mazha-zhokas-2-hour-grand-finale/articleshow/21005803.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Awards 2012]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=ताईकाकूंच्या चटका लावणाऱ्या मृत्यूनंतर 'उंच माझा झोका' पुढील टप्प्यावर...|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-unch-maza-zoka-what-next-after-taai-kakus-death-4275628-pho.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
!Category
!Recipients
!Role
|-
|Best Series
|Viren Pradhan
|Viren Production
|-
|Best Family
|
|Ranade Family
|-
|Best jodi Spruha joshi–Vikram Gaikwad
|[[Ramabai Ranade]]-[[Mahadev Govind Ranade]]
|-
|Best Father
|[[Sharad Ponkshe]]
|Govind
|-
|Best Mother
|Rugvedi Pradhan
|Maai
|-
|Best Character Male
|Vikram Gaikwad
|[[Mahadev Govind Ranade]]
|-
|Best Character Female
|Tejashree Walawalkar
|Ramabai
|-
|Best Supporting Male
|Atul Kasva
|Pandu
|-
|Best Supporting Female
|Sanyogita Bhave
|Subhadra
|-
|Best Title Song
|[[Nilesh Moharir]]
|Music Composer
|}
|}Striking face spruha joshi

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14105290}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=601 | title = Unch Majha Zoka | archive-date = 2014-04-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140423185317/http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Archives.aspx?zhid=601 | access-date = 2022-11-30 | url-status = live }}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2012 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series endings]]

Dongre Maharaj

2025-11-16T06:05:19Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Made the data and citations

{{Short description|Indian spiritual leader}}
''' Ramchandra Dongreji Maharaj''' popularly known as '''Dongre Maharaj''' (15 February 1926 - 8 November 1991) was an Indian spiritual leader and narrator of [[Bhagavata Purana]], [[Bhagavad Gita]], [[Ramayana]] ''[[Katha (storytelling format)|katha]]''. He was a revered figure and had huge followers in decades of 1960-1990.<ref name=z>{{cite news |title=ભાગવતી ભાગીરથ ડોંગરેજી મહારાજ |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/MAG-punyasmruti-manilal-patel-bhagavati-bhagirath-dongareji-maharaj-2569118.html |access-date=12 February 2025 |work=Divya Bhaskar |agency=DIVYA BHASKAR |date=17 November 2011 |language=gu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rangarajan |first1=Haripriya |title=Spread of Vaiṣṇavism in Gujarat Up to 1600 A.D.: A Study with Special Reference to the Iconic Forms of Viṣṇu |date=1990 |publisher=Somaiya Publications |isbn=978-81-7039-192-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlfkAAAAMAAJ&q=Dongreji+ |access-date=2 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> He was also a poet and a writer and has written more than 45 books on Bhagwad Purna, [[Radha Krishna]] & Ramayana.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Indian Journal of Adult Education |date=1975 |publisher=R.M. Chetsingh |pages=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8qgAAAAMAAJ&q=Dongre+Maharaj |access-date=4 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Lifesketch==
He was born on 15 February 1926 in Indore , Madhya Pradesh, India . His mother's name was Kamalatai and his father's name was Keshav Dongre. However, he grew up in [[Vadodara]].<ref name=y>{{cite news |title=सेवा:ब्रह्मलीन संतश्री डोंगरे जी महाराज की 30वीं पुण्यतिथि पर करवाया भोजन |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/ratlam/news/food-served-on-the-30th-death-anniversary-of-brahmalin-santashree-dongreji-maharaj-127990762.html |access-date=4 August 2025 |agency=Divya Bhaskar |date=July 2020}}</ref><ref name=z/><ref name=abp>{{cite news |title=संत डोंगरे महाराज का जीवन परिचय |url=https://www.abplive.com/web-stories/hindu-gurus-and-sants-dongreji-maharaj-biography-in-hindi-jeevan-parichay-life-story-astro-2416394 |access-date=4 August 2025 |work=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref>

Dongreji Maharaj was a passionate orator and Bhagavat Katha narrator. He studied at the Sannyas Ashram in Ahmedabad and Kashi and practiced Karmakand for some time. After that, he first narrated Bhagavat Katha at Saryu Temple, Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Dongreji Maharaj – Hindu Scriptures- Vedic lifestyle, Scriptures, Vedas, Upanishads, Itihaas, Smrutis, Sanskrit. |url=https://hinduscriptures.com/sri-dongreji-maharaj/ |website=hinduscriptures.com |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=abp/>

He used to narrate the incidents from the divine text Srimad Bhagwatam in a pleasing manner. He was born and brought up in Gujarat. Through his divine lectures, lot of people used to change their bad habits. Youngsters of those ear ,after hearing his religious lectures were highly influenced and followed righteous path in life.<ref name=k>{{cite web |title=पूज्यनीय रामचंद्र डोंगरे जी महाराज कलयुग के दानवीर कर्ण |url=https://sanatanyatra.in/hindu-sages/respected-ramchandra-dongre-ji-maharaj-the-donor-of-kalyug-karna/ |access-date=12 February 2025 |date=8 April 2023}}</ref>

Sri Dongreji Maharaj also penned poems and used to sing in praise of Lord Krishna in the temples at Gujarat. He was an ardent devotee of Lord Krishna.<ref name=abp/>

Apart from performing divine lectures, Dongreji Maharaj also used to visit the popular temples, and worship the divine deities. He had performed meditation on Lord Krishna and through that, he got great spiritual powers.<ref name=abp/>

He was very down to earth, media shy person. He did not charge any fees for his divine lectures and donated all money collected for the benefit of poor and needy<ref name=abp/><ref name=k/>

He breathed died on November 8, 1990, at the Santram Temple in Nadiad . As per his wishes, his mortal remains were given water burial in the Narmada stream at [[Malasar]].<ref name=z/><ref name=abp/>

Many noted industrialist and personalities were either his followers or have acknowledged to have been influenced by him like Ram Niwas Lakhotia, [[Govind Dholakia]], Swami Krishnanad to name a few.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lakhotia |first1=Ram Niwas |title=Towards Better Living: An Autobiography Released on the 60th Birthday of the Author |date=1992 |publisher=Asha Publishing House |pages=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFmbAAAAMAAJ&q=Dongreji+Maharaj |access-date=2 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tiwari |first1=Arun |last2=Yagnik |first2=Kamlesh |title=Diamonds are forever so are Morals: Autobiography of Govind Dholakia |date=24 January 2022 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-91149-89-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGNlEAAAQBAJ&dq=Dongreji+Maharaj&pg=PT304 |access-date=2 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sermons in the Storms |date=26 August 2013 |publisher=Mrugank |isbn=978-1-301-09034-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofHL5X3ftcUC&dq=Dongreji+Maharaj&pg=PT153 |access-date=2 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External Limks==
# [https://www.dongrejimaharaj.com/p/blog-page.html Gujarati Book Life- Dongreji Maharaj by Anil Pravinbhai Shukla -2017]

[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian public speakers]]
[[Category:Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual writers]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara]]

Surajit Dhara

2025-11-06T04:05:09Z

CaraVanOtterloo: created new details

{{Short description|Indian physicist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Surajit Dhara
| image = Hyd physics dhara.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|02|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = West Bengal
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Tokyo Institute of Technology]], [[Raman Research Institute]], [[Burdwan University]]
| website = {{URL|https://surajitdhara.in/}}
| field = [[Physical Science]]
| work_institution = [[School of Physics, University of Hyderabad]]
}}

'''Surajit Dhara''' (born 28 February 1975) is an Indian physicist affiliated to the School of Physics in [[University of Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], in various capacities since 2006.<ref name="UOH">{{cite web |title=Faculty Profile: Surajit Dhara |url=https://uohyd.irins.org/profile/58599 |publisher=University of Hyderabad |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> His area of special interest is [[Soft matter|soft matter physics]]. He studies control and manipulation of topological defects of liquid crystals, elasticity and defect mediated directed assembly, topological active matter, rheology and photonics of liquid crystals. He is a recipient of the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] for his contributions to physical sciences in 2020.<ref name="LIST">{{cite web |title=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (SSB) for Science and Technology 2020 List of recipients |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/WriteReadData/LatestUpdates/202009260117197601874ShantiSwarupBhatnagarPrize2020Website.pdf |website=SSB Prize for Science & Technology|publisher=Government of India |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SSB Prize: Awardee Details |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=572 |website=SSB Prize for Science & Technology |publisher=Government of India|access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>

Surajit Dhara obtained his B.Sc. degree from [[Ramananda College]] (Bishnupur) in 1995, M.Sc. degree from [[University of Burdwan]] in 1998 and Ph.D. degree from [[Raman Research Institute]], Bangalore, in 2004. He was a postdoctoral fellow in Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, in 2008, a visiting scientist at Jozef Stefan Institute, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, during 2013–2018 and a visiting professor at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea, in 2018.<ref name="HOMEPAGE">{{cite web |title=Soft Matter Lab |url=http://www.surajitdhara.in/ |publisher=Surajit Dhara |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> In 2021, he became a laureate of the [[Asian Scientist 100]] by the ''[[Asian Scientist]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/as100/ |title=The Asian Scientist 100 |author=  |date= |website= |publisher= [[Asian Scientist]] |access-date= 13 March 2025 |quote= |language= }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{YouTube|SPS2DeWZa2U|Eureka : Dr. Surajit Dhara, Professor, School of Physics, Hyderabad University}}
*{{google scholar id|rKcTepoAAAAJ}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian physicists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1975 births]]

Manesar

2025-09-25T16:22:33Z

CaraVanOtterloo: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manesar
| native_name = IMT Manesar
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Jaquar_global_headquarter_building_picture.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = IMT Manesar township building
| nickname = Suburb of Gurugram
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Haryana]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.3553|76.9327|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gurugram district|Gurugram]]
| subdivision_name3 = IMT Manesar
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Manesar Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Inderjeet Yadav
| leader_party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Rao Inderjeet Singh]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name3 = [[Bimla Chaudhary]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title4 = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name4 = Manish Sharma ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Kartik |title=Interview with Munish Sharma, commissioner, Municipal Corporation of Manesar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/interview-with-munish-sharma-commissioner-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-101612633538331.html |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=6 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 124.32
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manesar topographic map, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-l51kf3/Manesar/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Topographic maps |language=en}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 259
| population_total = 23448
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 24 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 13 October 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=13 October 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Haryanvi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = Manesar 122 051 IMT Manesar 122 052
| registration_plate = HR-26
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Haryana Urban Development Authority]]
}}

'''Manesar''' is a [[town]] and [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]], known as ''IMT Manesar'' in the [[Gurgaon district|Gurugram district]] of the state of [[Haryana]], [[India]] and a part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] (NCR) of [[Delhi]]. It is an Industrial Model Township home to factories and industrial activity from [[multinational corporation]]s.

Its proximity to the burgeoning city of [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]] has in recent years caused its character and demographics to change dramatically. It has many factories, offices, hotels, IT parks and educational institutes. There are several sightseeing spots around the area, some overlapping with [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]]. Manesar is {{convert|32|km|mi}} from [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] and is located on [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]], making it well connected with [[New Delhi]], [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Rewari]], [[Dharuhera|Dharuhera (Rewari)]], [[Jaipur]], [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Surat]].

==Etymology==

Manesar gets its name from the [[sanskrit language]], in which the word "manesar" means the "lord of brain or wisdom" i.e. the Lord [[Shiva]].<ref name=rtm2>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/delhi-ncr/gurgaon/if-manesar-district-is-formed-villages-will-develop-on-the-lines-of-the-city-gurgaon-news-c-24-1-noi1094-16757-2023-10-20 |title=Gurugram News: मानेसर जिला बना तो शहर की तर्ज पर होगा गांवों का विकास |website=AmarUjala|date=20 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

==History==
Earlier Manesar was a sleepy village of about 1000 dwellings on the Delhi-Jaipur highway, then numbered as [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH-8]]. Since the late 1990s, it has been transformed into a booming town. Its growth has been helped by government's drive to move out factories from Delhi as well as the growth of Gurgaon city and proximity to Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport (approximately 40 minutes). Farmers have become millionaires or multi-millionaires by selling their lands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana-showpiece-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-suffer-135834/|title=Haryana showpiece millennium city Gurgaon's 'powerless' original residents suffer|website=India.com|date=1 September 2014|access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], the Manesar census town had a total population of 23,448, of which 14,381 were males and 9,067 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,382. The total number of literates in Manesar was 18,105, which constituted 77.2% of the population with male literacy of 83.2% and female literacy of 67.8%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Manesar was 90.2%, of which male literacy rate was 95.4% and female literacy rate was 81.6%. The [[Scheduled Castes]] population was 1,774. Manesar had 5074 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Manesar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=71197 |access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref>

== Industrial Model Township ==
{{anchor | IMT}}
Manesar was planned in 1980's as Industrial Model Township(IMT) during formation of Maruti Udyog Ltd under [[Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation]] which is under Haryana Government. Land acquisition proceedings for development of IMT Manesar were initiated in 1994–1995. Initial allotments of industrial plots to Maruti Vendors were made in 1997,and,other allotments commenced in 1999. Over the years,HSIIDC has allotted more than 2,100 plots for setting up of industrial ventures by entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/after-25-years-imt-manesar-area-to-finally-get-a-post-office/story-S6UnmtkO8bnU0yQI6BFc8O.html | title=After 25 years, IMT Manesar area to finally get a post office | date=22 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/manesar-imt-a-township-dream-turns-an-infrastructure-mess/#:~:text=Land%20acquisition%20proceedings%20for%20development,of%20industrial%20ventures%20by%20entrepreneurs | title=Manesar IMT: A township dream turns an infrastructure mess | date=21 August 2012 }}</ref>
There are several large multinational companies, such as [[Maruti Suzuki]], [[Jaquar]], [[JBM Auto]] and [[Toshiba]] Eco City.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} [[Aadhar]]'s national [[Data Center]] is also located here. Also [[Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs]] under [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs]] is located here,<ref name="HR-Review">{{Cite web |url=http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/HR-Review-January-2013.pdf |title=Haryana Review 2013 |access-date=18 April 2016 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508155230/http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/HR-Review-January-2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and it also contains the Manesar Software Technology Park, which covers {{cvt|170|acre|ha}}.<ref name=hsiidc6>2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k7YaAQAAIAAJ&q=Haryana+state+industrial+and+infrastructure+development+corporation India Today International], Volume 5, Issues 1-12, Page 78.</ref> In 2023, Manesar had 2200 industrial manufacturing units, which employee 300,000 employees including 200,000 living within Manesar and remaining commute daily from outside. Some of the large manufacturing units include Maruti and Honda.<ref name=rtm2/>

Attempts by the [[Government of Haryana]] to acquire additional land for expansion of the IMT development from 2011 led to numerous protests and legal challenges from farmers and other residents.<ref name=resolve1/><ref name=resolve3>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-CM-skips-KMP-meet/articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM|author=Tanushree Roy Chowdhury|work=The Times Of India|agency=TNN|title=Villagers fume after Haryana CM skips KMP meet|date=22 December 2010|access-date=7 February 2011}}</ref> These were resolved in 2014 when it bought a total of {{cvt|688|acre|ha}} from three villages (Manesar, [[Nakhrola]] and [[Naurangpur]]) at a price set by the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]].<ref name=resolve1>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/compensate-gurgaon-farmers-at-current-rates-court-tells-builders/article1-1219196.aspx |title=Compensate Gurgaon farmers at current rates: court |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=14 May 2014 |access-date=15 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517130751/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/compensate-gurgaon-farmers-at-current-rates-court-tells-builders/article1-1219196.aspx |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Manesar-Gurgaon land scam===
{{main | Robert Vadra DLF land grab scam | Gurugram Rajiv Gandhi Trust land grab scam }}
On 17 September 2015, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) registered a [[First Information Report]] under various sections of the [[Indian Penal Code]] relating to forgery, cheating and criminal conspiracy. These were in connection with alleged irregularities involving land acquisitions at IMT Manesar.<ref name=chor2/> Subsequently, in 2018, the former Haryana Chief Minister, [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]], together with real estate companies, officials of the state government's department of town and country planning and bureaucrats who worked with Hooda while he was Chief Minister were charged. The scam had allegedly resulted in a 15 billion INR loss to farmers in Manesar and the adjoining villages of Naurangpur and Lakhnoula whose land, amounting to {{cvt|400|acre|ha}}, had been threatened with government purchase for "public purpose". Faced with the threat of government acquisition, farmers sold at knock-down prices, averaging 25 percent of market value, to real estate developers. The Hooda government then released the land from the acquisition threat, thus favouring the developers.<ref name=chor2>{{cite news |last=Sura |first=Ajay |date=2 February 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/manesar-land-scam-former-haryana-cm-bhupinder-singh-hooda-chargesheeted/articleshow/62755290.cms |title=Manesar land scam: Ex-Haryana CM Bhupinder Singh Hooda chargesheeted |work=[[Times of India]] |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref>

One of the beneficiary of the scam was Hooda's nephew, Sukhwinder, whose company was given change of land use (CLU) permission for 52 acres land on the same day the government acquisition process had lapsed for the want of release of funds, while at the same time CLU was denied to two other unrelated applicants.<ref name=chor3>{{cite news |last1=Saini |first1=Manvir |title=Bhupinder Singh Hooda's nephew among beneficiaries of Manesar land scam: Chargesheet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/ex-cm-hoodas-nephew-among-beneficiaries-of-manesar-land-scam-chargesheet/articleshow/63050556.cms |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2018}}</ref>

The [[Supreme Court of India]] cancelled the acquisition and grant of land to the developers and directed the CBI to inquire further. The government was instructed to "recover every single pie". Court returned the land to Haryana government. Land would not be returned to the landholders more than the prevailing price. The builders will not be allowed to recover any money they paid to land owners as the deal was done to benefit them and "middlemen". The court said:<ref name=chor4>{{cite news |last1=Vaidyanathan |first1=A |last2=Sanyal |first2=Anindita |title="Nothing But Fraud": Supreme Court Scraps Haryana Land Deals Under BS Hooda Rule |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-slams-hooda-government-scraps-illegal-land-acquisition-in-haryana-1823030 |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=NDT |date=13 March 2018}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|The acquisition process was withdrawn with fraudulent intentions after the land was purchased by the private builders in active connivance with state functionaries. The builders and private entities were aware that the acquisition would not go through. The entire acquisition proceedings were initiated with mala fide intention, illegally and in violation of the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act. It was not a mere bonanza or a deal, but denoted quid pro quo.}}

==Administration==

Manesar municipal corporation and Manesar [[tehsil]] were established in 2020. In 2023, Manesar municipal area spread over 20 km includes 29 villages.<ref name=rtm2/>

===Proposal for new city===
In 2018, the Chief Minister, [[Manohar Lal Khattar]], announced a new city that would adjoin Gurgaon and incorporate an area from Manesar towards Rewari, and also the area around Pataudi. The new city is likely to be spread across at least 50,000 hectares, which is larger than Chandigarh (11,400 hectares) but smaller than Gurgaon (73,200 hectares).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/larger-than-chandigarh-new-city-will-rise-next-to-gurgaon-5229711/ |title=Larger than Chandigarh, new city will rise next to Gurgaon |work=The Indian Express |date=23 June 2018 |access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref>

===Proposal of a new municipal corporation===
In November 2020, Haryana Chief Minister [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] announced the creation of a new [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] in Manesar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=Joel |last2=Chaman |first2=Vishakha |title=Gurugram: Civic area to grow manifold, 2nd corporation by 2021 {{!}} Gurgaon News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/civic-area-to-grow-manifold-2nd-corpn-by-21/articleshow/79180858.cms |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=12 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In December 2020, the Haryana Government approved the formation of the [[Manesar Municipal Corporation]] in a cabinet meeting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Haryana cabinet approves municipal corporation for Manesar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/haryana-cabinet-approves-municipal-corporation-for-manesar/story-VnE6qLyg9hfrIMHAlNu8mM.html |access-date=24 December 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Transport & connectivity==
{{ anchor |Transport | Connectivity}}

* Air
** [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] (IGI Delhi), 40 km north
** [[Noida International Airport]], 100 km east
** [[Hindon Airport]], domestic flights only, 70 km north
** [[Hisar Airport]], 190 km northwest

* Rail
** [[Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor]] (HORC) has stop at Manesar.
** [[Gurgaon railway station]] is nearest major station.
** Other nearest railway station is [[Garhi Harsaru railway station]].

* Road
** Expressways and Highways: Manesar lies on Delhi-Jaipur [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH48]], [[Western Peripheral Expressway]] (WPE), and [[Dwarka Expressway]].<ref name=rtm2/>
** Manesar is served by many local buses and [[Haryana Roadways]] states buses.

* Ropeway
** [[Parvatmala#ManesarRope|Manesar-Dhaula Kuan ropeway]] between [[Dhaula Kuan]] (Delhi) to Manesar ([[Gurugram]]) with stopover at [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|IGI Aerocity]], planned, nearly 40 km-long pod ropeway with 200 km/h speed will cutdown over 1 hr travel time to few minutes, repeatedly announced by the MoRTH minister Gadkari several times include in Sept 2025.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/hi-in/news/other/%E0%A4%A7-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-200-kmph-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%A1/ar-AA1MDA4y?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=68c92560997c442093cca801a3f7decb&ei=28 धौलाकुआं से मानेसर के लिए शुरू होगा रोपवे ट्रांसपोर्ट, 200 kmph होगी अधिकतम स्पीड], MSN News, accessed 16 Sept 2025.</ref>

==Education==

The first training center of [[National Security Guard]] (NSG), commonly known as Black Cat commandos - a counter-terrorism unit of India, was opened in Manesar which also has a National Bomb Data center. [[National Brain Research Centre]] (NBRC) is also at Manesar.<ref name=rtm2/>

There are many government and private schools, the former being managed by the Government of Haryana through the Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE).

==Tourism==
The Heritage Transport Museum is situated on a {{cvt|3|acre|ha}} plot at Tauru Gurgaon, near Manesar. A built-up area of over {{cvt|90000|sqft|sqm}} spread over four floors houses the exhibition galleries, library and reference centre, conference rooms, mini auditorium, the museum shop, and a restaurant facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heritagetransportmuseum.org/index.php|title=Heritage Transport Museum Manesar Gurgaon - A collection of objects related to transportation in India!|publisher=Heritage Transport Museum|date=7 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref>

== Military Significance ==

The operations and training headquarters of the [[National Security Guards]] is located in Manesar near NH 48.<ref>[https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/india/nsg-holding-multinational-joint-anti-terror-drill.html NSG holding multinational joint anti-terror drill]</ref>

== Quarantine site ==
In January 2020, the [[Indian Army]] set up a quarantine camp in Manesar for suspected cases of [[Coronavirus disease 2019]]. 300 Indian students airlifted from [[Wuhan]] district of China were quarantined and observed for 14 days, after which those with no symptoms were allowed to go home.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gurung|first=Shaurya Karanbir|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/army-sets-up-quarantine-facility-in-manesar-for-300-students-returning-from-hubei/articleshow/73802284.cms|title=Army sets up quarantine facility in Manesar for 300 students returning from Hubei|date=31 January 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==

Some of the industrial units functioning in Manesar are:
*[https://www.riello-ups.in/ Riello Power India Pvt Ltd]
*[[Alcatel-Lucent]]
*[[Alere Inc.]]
*[[Baxter International|Baxter]]
*[[BorgWarner]]
*[[Denso]] Haryana
*[[Dudhsagar Dairy]]
*[[Hero MotoCorp]]
*[[HMSI|Honda Motorcycle & Scooters India]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Factory {{!}} Honda|url=https://www.honda2wheelersindia.com/about-us/factory|access-date=13 October 2020|website=www.honda2wheelersindia.com}}</ref>
*[[Johnson Matthey]]
*[[Keysight Technologies]]
*[[Mankind Pharma]]
*[[Maruti Suzuki]]
*[[Samsung]]
*[[Pfizer]]

==See also==

* [[Administrative divisions of Haryana]]
* [[Tourism in Haryana]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Gurgaon district topics}}

[[Category:Villages in Gurgaon district]]
[[Category:Economy of Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurgaon district]]
[[Category:Tehsils in Haryana]]

Kidar Nath Sahani

2025-09-13T21:56:22Z

CaraVanOtterloo: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{short description|Indian politician (1926-2012)}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kidar Nath Sahani
| image = Kidar Nath Sahani (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 200
| office = [[Governor of Goa]]
| term_start = 26 October 2002
| term_end = 2 July 2004
| predecessor = [[Mohammed Fazal]]
| successor = Mohammed Fazal

| office1 = [[Governor of Sikkim]]
| term_start1 = 18 May 2001
| term_end1 = 25 October 2002
| predecessor1 = [[Chaudhary Randhir Singh]]
| successor1 = [[V. Rama Rao]]

| office2 = Chief Executive Councillor of [[Delhi Metropolitan Council]]
| term_start2 = 1977
| term_end2 = 1980
| predecessor2 = Radha Raman
| successor2 = Jag Parvesh Chandra

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1926|10|24}}
| birth_place = [[Rawalpindi]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2012|10|3|1926|10|24}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
}}
'''Kidar Nath Sahani''' (24 October 1926 – 3 October 2012) was a governor of the Indian states of [[Sikkim]] (2001–02) and [[Goa]] (2002–04). He was a [[RSS pracharak|pracharak]] of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and a leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

== Early life and education ==
He lived in [[Delhi]], though he was born in [[Rawalpindi]], [[British India]], having migrated here following the [[Partition of India|Partition]]. He worked for the rights and rehabilitation of the refugees and a leading political figure in Delhi of the right wing [[Jana Sangh|Jana Sangh party]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

== Career ==
Sahani had served as Mayor of [[Delhi]] and Chief Executive of the Delhi Metropolitan Council. He was a swayamsewak of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] and played a key role in the growth of the Sangh and the Bharatiya Janata Party in Delhi. During [[Emergency (India)|Emergency]], Sahani went underground and later escaped abroad from where he worked against the Indira Gandhi government. Post Emergency, he became a leading figure in Delhi municipal politics, going on to become Deputy Mayor, Mayor and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]. He also served as the President of the Delhi State Unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kidar Nath Sahani passes away|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/kidar-nath-sahani-passes-away/article3963526.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 October 2012}}</ref>

Kidar Nath Sahani served as Governor to the [[List of Governors of Sikkim|states of Sikkim]] and [[List of Governors of Goa|Goa]] during the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA regime]] but was dismissed from office in 2004 after the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA government]] was formed on charges of misuse of office and because of his RSS background.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Marching orders |journal=Frontline |date=17–30 July 2004 |volume=21 |issue=15 |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2115/stories/20040730004802600.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210104426/http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2115/stories/20040730004802600.htm |archivedate=10 December 2007 }}</ref>

== Death ==
He died at the age of 85 at Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Governor of Sikkim Kedar Nath Sahani passes away |url=http://isikkim.com/2012-10-former-governor-of-sikkim-kedar-nath-sahni-passes-away-03-2/ |accessdate=3 October 2012 |publisher=isikkim.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714020422/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/pastgov.php |date=14 July 2006 |title=List of Governors since 1961 }}

{{Governors of Sikkim}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahani, Kedar Nath}}
[[Category:Governors of Goa]]
[[Category:Governors of Sikkim]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Mayors of Delhi]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]