Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Kambagiri Swamy temple

2026-05-08T15:54:46Z

Bsdmission: added new location and citations - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}

'''Kambagiri Swamy temple''' is located in Kunukuntla village, [[Owk mandal|Owk Mandal]], in the [[Nandyal district]] of Andhra Pradesh. It is surrounded by the villages of Uppalapadu, Nereducheralla, Burugula, Boincheruvupalli and Racherla. Kambagiri swamy is powerful Hindu god. The temple is accessible through public transport.

Lord Vishnu is the presiding deity of the temple. He is popularly known as Kambagiri Rama and Kambagiri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy. In the summer, the temple goers are hit by a huge water problem and it is usually very hot in the region. Every year on the full moon day of Chatra (15 days after Ugadi), a Tirunnalla (temple fair) takes place and is attended by lakhs of devotees. Special government buses run to aid the devotees.

As per the mythology, Kambagiri Swami has seven brothers. They are:

# Lord Venkateswara Swami aka Balaji, aka Tirumala Vasa aka Srinivasa,
# Lakshmi narasimha swamy
# Pedda Obulesu
# Chinna Obulesu
# Pedda Maddileti swami
# Chinna Maddileti Swami

Kambagiri swami is an archaic poetic way of describing Lord Narasimha Swami and he has two wives, Sadda Lakkama and Sadda Lakshmamma. Devotees believe that their prayers and desires come true in a short span.

Every May or there about the temple priests celebrate the celestial wedding of Goddesses Adi Lakshmi, Siddi Lakshmi and Lord Kambagiri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy at Perusomula village.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2022-05-29 |title=Nandyal: Devotees throng to witness Adi Lakshmi wedding |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/nandyal-devotees-throng-to-witness-adi-lakshmi-wedding-745517 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2024, the temple along with other temples in the area, Muchatla Mallikarjuna Swamy, Gundala Chennakesava Swamy, Palutla Ranganatha Swamy, were renovated and developed at a combined cost of Rs.30 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Buggana Inaugurates Water Grid Project in Dhone |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/buggana-inaugurates-water-grid-project-in-dhone-880361 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Hindu Temples in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu mythology]]

Mishti Chakraborty

2026-04-24T21:40:58Z

Bsdmission: Creating Some Page W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mishti Chakraborty
| image = Mishti at the special screening of Manikarnika – The Queen Of Jhansi at Sunny Super Sound in Juhu (06).jpg
| caption = Mishti at the special screening of ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]'' in 2019
| birth_name = Indrani Chakraborty<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Roshmila (28 March 2014) |title=Ghai's fifth M |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Ghais-fifth-M/articleshow/32865899.cms |work=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=28 March 2014 |archive-date=2 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402075250/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Ghais-fifth-M/articleshow/32865899.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date = 20 December 1995
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress and Model
| education = BA (Hons) in English Literature
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| years_active = 2013–present
| height = 1.63 m
}}
'''Indrani Chakraborty''', (born December 20, 1987) known by her stage name '''Mishti''', is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. She starred in films such as ''[[Kaanchi: The Unbreakable]]'' (2014), ''[[Chinnadana Nee Kosam]]'' (2014), ''[[Adam Joan (film)|Adam Joan]]'' (2017), ''[[Brihaspathi (film)|Brihaspathi]]'' (2018), ''[[Burra Katha (film)|Burra Katha]]'' (2019), ''[[O Saathiya]]'' (2023), among others.

==Early life==
Mishti was born as Indrani Chakraborty on December 20, 1995, in a [[Bengali Brahmin]] family in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India. Her mother Beena Chakraborty is a housewife, and her father is a construction businessman. She graduated in English literature from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=I don't act in front of the camera; I make love to it' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-i-dont-act-in-front-of-the-camera-i-make-love-to-it/20140421.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 April 2014 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326062531/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-i-dont-act-in-front-of-the-camera-i-make-love-to-it/20140421.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

She began to use the name Mishti professionally after 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Subhash Ghai renames Indrani Chakraborty as 'Mishti' for 'Kaanchi' |work=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/subhash-ghai-renames-indrani-chakraborty-as-mishti-for-kaanchi/ |access-date=22 April 2014 |archive-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425074909/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/subhash-ghai-renames-indrani-chakraborty-as-mishti-for-kaanchi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
She made her Bollywood debut with [[Subhash Ghai]]'s film ''[[Kaanchi: The Unbreakable]]'',<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/indrani-chakraborty-is-a-fantastic-actor-subhash-ghai/article1-1046474.aspx Indrani Chakraborty is a fantastic actor: Subhash Ghai - Hindustan Times] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413160500/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/indrani-chakraborty-is-a-fantastic-actor-subhash-ghai/article1-1046474.aspx|date=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kaanchi: Subhash Ghai picks Bengali debutante Mishti |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 January 2013 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Kaanchi-Subhash-Ghai-picks-Bengali-debutante-Mishti/articleshow/18162345.cms |publisher= |access-date=9 March 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315125643/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Kaanchi-Subhash-Ghai-picks-Bengali-debutante-Mishti/articleshow/18162345.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and her Telugu film debut with the [[Nithiin (actor)|Nithiin]]-[[A. Karunakaran]] film ''[[Chinnadana Nee Kosam]]'',<ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2014 |title=Mishti Chakraborty happy to be part of India's second-largest film industry |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/mishti-chakraborty-happy-to-be-part-of-indias-second-largest-film-industry/ |publisher= |access-date=25 April 2015 |archive-date=8 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708081436/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/mishti-chakraborty-happy-to-be-part-of-indias-second-largest-film-industry/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nithin- Karunakaran's movie heroine is Mishti - Telugu Movie News - IndiaGlitz.com |date=14 May 2014 |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nithin-karunakarans-movie-heroine-is-mishti-telugu-news-107485 |publisher= |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122125310/https://www.indiaglitz.com/nithin-karunakarans-movie-heroine-is-mishti-telugu-news-107485 |url-status=live }}</ref> and her [[Malayalam]] film debut with [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] and Jinu Abraham's film ''[[Adam Joan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mishti and Miya join Prithviraj in Adam |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 January 2017 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mishti-and-Miya-join-Prithviraj-in-Adam/articleshow/51879409.cms |publisher= |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=21 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921063842/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mishti-and-Miya-join-Prithviraj-in-Adam/articleshow/51879409.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mishti's next Telugu film, ''Columbus'', stars [[Sumanth Ashwin]] and is produced by [[MS Raju]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumanth Ashwin Columbus | Ishq Writer Ramesh Samala | Seerat Kapoor | Mishti Chakraborty - CineGoer.net |url=http://www.cinegoer.net/telugu-cinema/news-archives/april-2015/ishq-writer-turns-director-with-sumanth-ashwin-s-columbus-070415.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150425211247/http://www.cinegoer.net/telugu-cinema/news-archives/april-2015/ishq-writer-turns-director-with-sumanth-ashwin-s-columbus-070415.html |archive-date=25 April 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref> She returned to Bollywood with [[Indra Kumar]]'s ''[[Great Grand Masti]]'', the third film in the [[Masti (film series)|Masti film series]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Masti for Mishti |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Masti-for-Mishti/articleshow/47695779.cms |publisher= |access-date=19 June 2015 |archive-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619135555/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Masti-for-Mishti/articleshow/47695779.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=17 June 2015 |title=Mishti, Ankita Shorey to star in Great Grand Masti - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/14966780/Mishti-Ankita-Shorey-to-star-in-Great-Grand-Masti |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629153555/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/14966780/Mishti-Ankita-Shorey-to-star-in-Great-Grand-Masti |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> In 2017, she appeared in [[Srijit Mukherji]]'s historical film ''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]'', alongside [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Vidya Balan]]. The Film was set in the Backdrop of a Brothel and she played Shabnam in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2017 |title=Exclusive: 'Kanchi' actress Mishti reveals how she bagged 'Begum Jaan' {{!}} Bollywood Bubble |language=en-US |work=Bollywood Bubble |url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/interviews/exclusive-kanchi-actress-mishti-reveals-how-she-bagged-begum-jaan/ |access-date=16 June 2017 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820154740/https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/interviews/exclusive-kanchi-actress-mishti-reveals-how-she-bagged-begum-jaan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was an average grosser at [[Box Office India]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Begum Jaan' Box Office collection Week 1 |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/begum-jaan-box-office-collection-week-1/articleshow/58313013.cms |access-date=16 June 2017 |archive-date=25 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425225041/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/begum-jaan-box-office-collection-week-1/articleshow/58313013.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Film
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Language
!scope="col"| Notes
|-
| 2013
!scope="row"| ''[[Porichoi]]''
| Rimi
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K (28 January 2013) |title=Subhash Ghai's 'new discovery' is my heroine from Porichoi - Prosenjeet Chatterjee |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1704962/Subhash-Ghais-new-discovery-is-my-heroine-from-Porichoi---Prosenjeet-Chatterjee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423025842/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1704962/Subhash-Ghais-new-discovery-is-my-heroine-from-Porichoi---Prosenjeet-Chatterjee |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 April 2014 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=28 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://quintdaily.com/2017/09/adam-joan-review-rating-live-audience-report/ |title=Adam Joan Review Rating – Live Audience Report – QuintDaily |last=quintdaily |date=1 September 2017 |publisher= |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901112141/https://quintdaily.com/2017/09/adam-joan-review-rating-live-audience-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
!scope="row"| ''[[Kaanchi: The Unbreakable]]''
| Kaanchi
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Chinnadana Nee Kosam]]''
| Nandini Reddy
|rowspan=2| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| 2015
!scope="row"| ''[[Columbus (2015 film)|Columbus]]''
| Indu
|
|-
| 2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Great Grand Masti]]''
| Rekha Meet Mehta
|rowspan=2| Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
!scope="row"|''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]''
|Shabnam
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Babu Baga Busy]]''
| Radha
|Telugu
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Adam Joan]]''
||Amy
|[[Malayalam]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
! scope="row" |''[[Brihaspathi (film)|Brihaspathi]]''
| Shalini
|[[Kannada]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Semma Botha Aagathey]]''
|Madhu
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
! Scope="row"|''Sarabha''
| Divya
| Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/sharabha-telugu-movie-review.html |title=Sharabha Telugu Movie Review |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123035213/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/sharabha-telugu-movie-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
! scope="row"|''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi|Manikarnika]]''
| Kashibai
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mishti-chakraborty-i-was-initially-hesitant-to-take-up-secondary-characters/articleshow/67119513.cms |title=Mishti Chakraborty: I was initially hesitant to take up secondary characters |website=Mumbai Mirror |date=17 December 2018 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173535/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mishti-chakraborty-i-was-initially-hesitant-to-take-up-secondary-characters/articleshow/67119513.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Burra Katha (film)|Burra Katha]]''
|Happy || Telugu || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/burrakatha/movie-review/70088690.cms |title=Burra Katha starring Aadi and Mishti |website=Mumbai Mirror |date=5 July 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910203720/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/burrakatha/movie-review/70088690.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2022
! scope="row"| ''[[Shadow Assassins]]''
| Rimli Bora
| Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023
! scope="row"|''[[O Saathiya]]''
| Keerthi
| Telugu
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Mishti}}
*{{IMDb name|5786946}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Gamma II, Greater Noida

2026-04-24T05:47:43Z

Bsdmission: creating new data - done

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gamma 2
| named_for =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Locality
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28|29|25|N|77|30|33|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map_alt =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gautam Buddha Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| native_name_lang =
| native_name =
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| population_footnotes =
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| population_rank =
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| governing_body =
| government_type =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 201310
| registration_plate =
| website =
| unit_pref = Metric
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gamma II''' or '''Gamma 2''' is a residential locality in western [[Greater Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Meenakshi Sinha|date=Jun 21, 2021|title=2.3mm rain leaves Greater Noida streets waterlogged {{!}} Noida News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/2-3mm-rain-leaves-greater-noida-streets-waterlogged/articleshow/83700948.cms|access-date=2022-02-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Meenakshi Sinha|date=Dec 6, 2021|title=GNIDA divides Greater Noida into 5 zones for waste collection {{!}} Noida News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/gnida-divides-city-into-5-zones-for-waste-collection/articleshow/88111427.cms|access-date=2022-02-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Bordered by [[Gamma I, Greater Noida|Gamma I]] to the west, Delta III to the east and Beta II to the south, it is considered one of the affluent neighborhoods in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Meenakshi Sinha|date=Sep 7, 2021|title=Shops, office space, kiosks up for grabs in Gr Noida {{!}} Noida News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/shops-office-space-kiosks-up-for-grabs-in-gr-noida/articleshow/85993269.cms|access-date=2022-02-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Greater Noida Authority invites bids for ready to move shops, kiosks|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/greater-noida-authority-invites-bids-for-ready-to-move-shops-kiosks/articleshow/85985746.cms|access-date=2022-02-14}}</ref> The neighborhood once served the registry office of Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-26|title=Greater Noida authority wants registry office back in Gamma 2|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/greater-noida-authority-wants-registry-office-back-in-gamma-2/story-hcieQ0f6PPfJIaWAQAcE0H.html|access-date=2022-02-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Landmarks ==
* [[Delhi Public School, Greater Noida]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Gautam Buddha Nagar district]]

{{GautamBuddhNagar-geo-stub}}

Naseer Ahmad Khan

2026-04-20T05:42:30Z

Bsdmission: Creating A Entry Initial Version...

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{for-multi|the Indian Islamic scholar|Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|the tribal chieftain|Naseer Ahmed Khan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Naseer Ahmad Khan
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office1 = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Chamraua Assembly constituency|Chamraua]]
| term_start1 = March 2022
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1938|07|08}}
| birth_place = [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| birth_name =
| spouse =
| children =
| father = Mohammad Shah Khan
| relatives =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| occupation = Farmer
| profession = Politician
| alma_mater = [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]]
| relations =
}}

'''Naseer Ahmad Khan''' is an Indian politician and social worker.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naseer Ahmad Khan-नसीर अहमद खान Sp Candidate Chamraua Election Result 2022 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/uttar-pradesh/candidates/naseer-ahmad-khan-sp-2022-chamraua-107-uttar-pradesh |access-date=18 December 2022 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]}}</ref><ref name="personal">{{cite web |title=Naseer Ahmad Khan, SP MLA from Chamraua |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/naseer-ahmad-khan/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=ourneta.com}}</ref> He is a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]], representing the [[Chamraua Assembly constituency]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/ElectedMembers/18 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Naseer Ahmad Khan: undefined Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/naseer-ahmad-khan-chamraua-candidate-s24a035c05/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |publisher=[[Network18 Group]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]], a socialist political party in India.<ref name="personal1">{{cite web |title=Naseer Ahmad Khan(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- CHAMRAUA(RAMPUR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=1422 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Nazar Abbas |title=Azam Khan aide Naseer Ahmad quizzed in land grab case |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/azam-aide-naseer-ahmad-quizzed-in-land-grab-case/articleshow/71016296.cms |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Naseer Ahmad Khan was born on 8 July 1938 in [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name="personal" /> His father, Mohammad Shah Khan, was a farmer.<ref name="personal" /> He grew up in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and post-graduated with a Master of Arts from [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]], [[Bareilly]], Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name="personal1" />

== Political career ==

In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Khan represented [[Samajwadi Party]] as a candidate from the [[Chamraua Assembly constituency]] and defeated Mohan Kumar Lodhi of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 34290 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS2435.htm?ac=35 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== Posts held ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!From
!To
!Position
!Comments
|-
|01
|2022
|Incumbent
|Member, [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Legislative Assembly]]
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Naseer Ahmad}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Rampur district]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Thanagazi Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:37:43Z

Bsdmission: new initial stub more to come

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Thanagazi
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-64-Thanagazi.svg
| mla = [[Kanti Prasad Meena]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Alwar district|Alwar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:221610}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 64
}}
'''Thanagazi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Alwar district|Alwar]] district. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Kanti Prasad Meena]] of the [[Indian National Congress]].{{update after|2029|2}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Krishan Murari Gangawat
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Kanti<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3403-rajasthan-2003/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2003 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Hem Singh Bhadana
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan=2|[[Kanti Prasad Meena]]<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanagazi<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kanti Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:67350}}
|percentage = 39.9
|change = {{increase}}25.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Hemsingh
|votes = {{formatnum:65411}}
|percentage = 38.75
|change = {{increase}}24.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Kailash
|votes = {{formatnum:19876}}
|percentage = 11.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bhupesh Singh Rajawat
|votes = {{formatnum:5696}}
|percentage = 3.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Rohitash Ghanghal
|votes = {{formatnum:4971}}
|percentage = 2.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1096}}
|percentage = 0.65
|change = {{decrease}}0.17
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1939}}
|percentage = 1.15
|change = {{decrease}}17.67
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:168807}}
|percentage = 76.17
|change = {{decrease}}3.01
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Thanagazi<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kanti Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:64079}}
|percentage = 41.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hem Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:34729}}
|percentage = 22.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rohitash Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:22735}}
|percentage = 14.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sunil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:22637}}
|percentage = 14.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kuldeep Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:4702}}
|percentage = 3.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ram Charan Koli
|votes = {{formatnum:1565}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1278}}
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:29350}}
|percentage = 18.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:155938}}
|percentage = 79.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Alwar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|27.4|76.32|display=title}}

[[Category:Alwar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Shahajas Thekkan

2026-04-11T12:53:41Z

Bsdmission: new new details initial version

{{Short description|Indian football player (born 1998)}}
{{Indian name|Shahajas|Thekkan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Shahajas Thekkan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|10|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Perinthalmanna]], [[Kerala]], India
| height = 1.75 m
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Right back]]
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| youthclubs1 = Baselius CC
| youthclubs2 = [[Ozone FC|Ozone]]
| years1 = 2017–2021
| clubs1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters B]]
| caps1 = 23
| goals1 = 2
| years2 = 2021
| clubs2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2021–2023
| clubs3 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 22:33, 3 May 2022 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
| years4 = 2023–
| clubs4 = [[LUCA SC]]
| caps4 = 3
| goals4 = 0
}}

'''Shahajas Thekkan''' (born 25 October 1998) was an [[India|Indian]] professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|defender]].

== Club career ==

=== Kerala Blasters ===
In 2017, Shahjas signed for the [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|reserve side]] of the [[Indian Super League]] side [[Kerala Blasters FC]], and was a part of the [[Kerala Premier League]] winning side of the reserve side in the [[2019–20 Kerala Premier League|2019–20 Kerala Premier League season]]. He was promoted to the senior side during the club's [[2021–22 Kerala Blasters FC season#Pre-season and friendlies|2021 pre-season]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-01 |title=Gokulam Kerala set to sign Shahajas Thekkan from Kerala Blasters |url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-gokulam-kerala-set-to-sign-shahajas-thekkan/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Khel Now |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=5 Players Likely To Get Promoted To The KBFC First Team {{!}} IFTWC - Indian Football Team For World Cup |url=https://iftwc.com/5-players-likely-to-get-promoted-to-the-kbfc-first-team/3/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Gokulam Kerala ===
In October 2021, Shahajas signed for I-League club Gokulam Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-01 |title=Gokulam Kerala set to sign Shahajas Thekkan from Kerala Blasters |url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2021-22-gokulam-kerala-set-to-sign-shahajas-thekkan/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Khel Now |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendez |first=Casey |date=2021-10-13 |title=Gokulam Kerala on track to sign Shahajas Thekkan |url=https://footballexpress.in/gokulam-kerala-on-track-to-sign-shahajas-thekkan/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Football Express |language=en-US}}</ref> On 7 March 2022, he played his debut match against [[Real Kashmir FC]] as a substitute for [[Luka Majcen]] in the 84th minute of the match, which ended in a 5–1 victory for Gokulam Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala thrash Real Kashmir 5-1, Mohammedan Sporting beat Sreenidi Deccan |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2022/03/07/i-league-football-gokulam-kerala-real-kashmir.html |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gokulam Kerala FC vs. Real Kashmir - Football Match Commentary - March 7, 2022 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/commentary/_/gameId/622904 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|3 May 2022}}<ref>{{soccerway|shahajas-thekkan/798845}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters FC B]]
|[[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]
| rowspan="3" |[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|10||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||10||1
|-
|[[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]
|8||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||8||0
|-
|[[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]
|5||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||5||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Kerala Blasters B total
!23!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!23!!2
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|{{nowrap|[[2021–22 Gokulam Kerala FC season|2021–22]]}}
| rowspan="2" |[[I-League]]
|5||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||5||0
|-
|[[2022–23 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season|2022–23]]
|0||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||0||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Gokulam Kerala total
!5!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!5!!0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!28!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!28!!2
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Gokulam Kerala'''
* [[I-League]]: [[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-vs-mohammedan-sc-i-league-final-live-gkfc-vs-mdsc-live-score-indian-football/article38490975.ece|title=Gokulam Kerala 2-1 Mohammedan SC Highlights: GKFC becomes 1st club in 15 years to defend the I-League|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|date=14 May 2022|access-date=14 May 2022|last=TEAM SPORTSTAR|first=21:22 IST|location=[[Kolkata]], West Bengal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514160659/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-vs-mohammedan-sc-i-league-final-live-gkfc-vs-mdsc-live-score-indian-football/article38490975.ece|archive-date=14 May 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gokulam Kerala FC squad}}

[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:I-League 2 players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Ozone FC players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy players]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC players]]
[[Category:People from Malappuram district]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thekkan, Shahajaz}}

{{India-footy-defender-stub}}

Sang Tu Aahes Ka?

2026-04-04T03:19:29Z

Bsdmission: new first info first draft

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| director = Deepak Nalawade
| writer = Sameer Garud
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| num_episodes = 249
| producer = Vidyadhar Pathare
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|12|07}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2021|10|02}}
| image = Sang Tu Aahes Ka.jpeg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| creator =
| num_seasons =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| list_episodes =
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| released =
| company = Iris Productions
| genre = [[Horror film|Horror]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| related =
| editor =
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| theme_music_composer =
| cinematography = Vinayak Jadhav
}}

'''''Sang Tu Aahes Ka?''''' ({{Translation|''Tell Me Are You Here?''}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] [[Horror film|horror]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] produced by Vidyadhar Pathare under the banner of Iris Productions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘सांग तू आहेस का?’ मालिकेतून सिद्धार्थ चांदेकरचे छोट्या पडद्यावर पुनरागमन!|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/siddharth-chandekar-new-serial-on-star-pravah-sang-tu-ahes-ka-319473.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref> The show premiered on 7 December 2020 on [[Star Pravah]]. It stars [[Siddharth Chandekar]], Shivani Rangole-Kulkarni and Saaniya Chaudhari in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=येतेय आणखी एक गूढ मालिका ‘सांग तू आहेस का?’|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/theatre/sang-tu-ahes-ka-new-serial-of-star-pravah-828305|access-date=2021-01-21|website=[[ABP Majha]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== Sypnopsis ==
Superstar Swaraj Joshi is a widower who lives with the memories of his late wife Vaibhavi. However, her soul returns to unmask the real evil hurting Swaraj and also attempts to unite him with Dr. Vaibhavi.

== Plot ==
Swaraj Joshi, a renowned superstar, makes a comeback to the film industry after a three-year hiatus, burdened by a mysterious past. Dr. Vaibhavi longs to meet him, finds herself drawn into a web of enigmatic events. She delivers a cake to Anandwan on Swaraj's birthday, an encounter that exposes her to a ghostly apparition marked with a [[symbol]]. Her encounter takes a terrifying turn as Kabir rescues her, leaving her haunted by the symbol etched on the ghost's foot. Abhay and Krutika plot against Swaraj. Sulakshana, determined to secure Swaraj's wealth, promises Krutika marriage to him as a will clause requires his wife's signature. The vengeful ghost injures Sulakshana after she gives her word. Dr. Vaibhavi crosses paths with Swaraj at the market, unaware of his true identity. Swaraj reluctantly agrees to marry Krutika after the anniversary of Vaibhavi's (his dead wife) tragic demise. On the other side, Swaraj reaches out to Dr. Vaibhavi to become Shashikant's attending physician. During the [[Śrāddha|Shradh Puja]], Dr. Vaibhavi enters Anandvan. After tilting the [[Kalasha|Kalash]] meant for Vaibhavi at the doorstep, Dr. Vaibhavi senses a strange omen. Krutika's attempts to oust Dr. Vaibhavi fail. Swaraj comes to Dr. Vaibhavi's rescue when the ghost attacks her. Dr. Vaibhavi offers medication for Shashikant's panic attacks and shares her initial encounter with Swaraj with Shambhavi, who predicts her future based on the symbol she keeps seeing. Elsewhere, Swaraj recalls Vaibhavi's memory for her telling him the meaning of the symbol on her foot is Patience. As the engagement ceremony approaches, Swaraj confides in Krutika. Dr. Vaibhavi interrupts the ceremony due to Shashikant's panic attack. Subsequently, Swaraj requests Dr. Vaibhavi to become Shashikant's permanent doctor.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Siddharth Chandekar]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-17|title=‘सांग तू आहेस का?’; सिद्धार्थ चांदेकरच्या नव्या मालिकेची उत्सुकता|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/siddharth-chandekar-new-serial-sang-tu-aahes-ka-coming-soon-ssv-92-2330569/|access-date=2021-01-21|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref> as Swaraj Shashikant Joshi: Dr. Vaibhavi's husband, Ghost Vaibhavi's widower, Shashikant's son, Kruthika's ex-fiancé
* Saaniya Chaudhari as Vaibhavi "Taisaheb" Joshi (née Mahashabde) (Ghost) : Swaraj's first and late wife
* Shivani Rangole-Kulkarni<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahamanvachi Gauravgatha fame Shivani Rangole to feature in Sang Tu Aahes Ka? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mahamanvachi-gauravgatha-fame-shivani-rangole-to-feature-in-sang-tu-aahes-ka/articleshow/79441705.cms|access-date=2021-01-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> as Dr. Vaibhavi "Sona" Joshi (née Deshpande/Deshmukh): Swaraj's second wife, Sadhana and Avinash's biological daughter, Narmada's adoptive granddaughter, Shambhavi's adoptive sister

=== Recurring ===
* [[Sulekha Talwalkar]] as Sulakshana "Sulu": Swaraj's assumed aunt, Deepti and Durgesh's mother, Sashikant's assumed sister
* Milind Safai as Shashikant Joshi: Swaraj's father, Dr. Vaibhavi and Ghost Vaibhavi's father-in-law, Sulakshana's love interest
* Bhagyashri Dalvi as Deepti: Swaraj's cousin sister; Sulakshana's daughter, Durgesh's sister
* Siddhi Patne / Dipti Lele as Shambhavi Deshpande: A [[Semiotics|Semiotician]]; Dr. Vaibhavi's adoptive sister, Narmada's granddaughter
* Rohan Gujar as [[Inspector]] Kabir Dixit: Dr. Vaibhavi's childhood friend and ex-fiancé
* Tejas Dongre as Durgesh: Swaraj's cousin brother, Sulakshana's son, Deepti's brother
* Vandana Pandit-Sheth as Narmada "Ajjo" Deshpande: Shambhavi's grandmother and Dr. Vaibhavi's adoptive grandmother
* Pooja Katurde as Krutika Mahajan: Swaraj's ex-fiancée; Abhay's daughter
* Manoj Kolhatkar as Abhay Mahajan: Krutika's father, Sulakshana's ex-husband's friend, Sashikant's business partner, Sulaskshana's help
* Disha Danade as Seema: Maid of the Joshi family, Ghost Vaibhavi's Pathrakhin
* Unknown as Sadhana Avinash Deshmukh: Dr. Vaibhavi's biological mother

== Production ==
=== Filming ===
On 13 April 2021, [[Chief Minister]] of Maharashtra, [[Uddhav Thackeray]] announced a sudden curfew due to increased Covid cases, while the production halted from 14 April 2021 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV shoots stalled in Mumbai for next 15 days, shows to be shot in Goa, Hyderabad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/tv-shoots-stalled-in-mumbai-for-next-15-days-shows-to-be-shot-in-goa-hyderabad-1790779-2021-04-14 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=India Today}}</ref> Hence, the production location was soon shifted temporarily to [[Silvassa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=मनोरंजन थांबणार नाही; महाराष्ट्राबाहेर ‘या’ ठिकाणी केले जाणार मराठी मालिकांचे शूटिंग |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/2450880/covid-19-maharashtra-lockdown-marathi-hindi-tv-shows-shift-shooting-location-to-goa-silvassa-gujarat-hyderabad-sdn-96/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Soundtrack ===
The title song of the show "Sang Tu Aahes Ka?" is written by [[Kshitij Patwardhan]] and is sung by [[Rohit Raut]] and Juilee Joglekar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sang Tu Aahes Ka to go off-air; many key knots to be unfolded soon - Times of India |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sang-tu-aahes-ka-to-go-off-air-many-key-knots-to-be-unfolded-soon/articleshow/86194158.cms |access-date=2023-03-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 2
|2021
|3.7
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 2 - DATA: Saturday, 9th January 2021 To Friday, 15th January 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210126034641/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5
|2021
|3.7
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 5 - DATA: Saturday, 30th January 2021 To Friday, 5th February 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218053144/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 6
|2021
|4.0
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 6 - DATA: Saturday, 6th February 2021 To Friday, 12th February 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224171011/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 7
|2021
|3.8
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 7 - DATA: Saturday, 13th February 2021 To Friday, 19th February 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225081955/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 9
|2021
|3.4
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=मालिकांच्या शर्यतीत ‘मुलगी झाली हो…’ ठरली अव्वल, पाहा या आठवड्याच्या टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/cinema-photos/trp-race-top-5-marathi-serial-for-week-5th-march-2021-to-11th-march-2021-see-full-list-416429.html|website=TV9 Marathi|access-date=2021-08-10|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 10
|2021
|3.7
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 10 - DATA: Saturday, 6th March 2021 To Friday, 12th March 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325044546/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=25 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 11
|2021
|3.8
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 11 - DATA: Saturday, 13th March 2021 To Friday, 19th March 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401073709/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 12
|2021
|3.9
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 12 - DATA: Saturday, 20th March 2021 To Friday, 26th March 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407172921/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 15
|2021
|3.8
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 15 - DATA: Saturday, 10th April 2021 To Friday, 16 April 2021|url=https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428095210/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=28 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 19
|2021
|4.2
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 19 - DATA: Saturday, 8th May 2021 To Friday, 14th May 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526170655/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 20
|2021
|3.6
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-06|title=टीआरपीच्या शर्यतीत ‘आई..’ राहिली मागे ‘या’ मालिकांनी मारली बाजी, पाहा प्रेक्षकांच्या आवडत्या ‘टॉप ५’ मालिका|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/trp-race-top-5-marathi-serial-for-week-20-see-full-list-464347.html|access-date=2021-06-24|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 21
|2021
|4.1
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-06|title=प्रेक्षकांना भावतेय जयदीप-गौरीची प्रेमकथा, ‘सुख म्हणजे…’सह ‘या’ मालिका ठरल्या अव्वल!|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/top-5-marathi-serials-barc-trp-race-week-21-see-full-list-469327.html|access-date=2021-06-24|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/saang-too-ahess-ka/1260049193 ''Sang Tu Aahes Ka?''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
* {{IMDb title|tt13691190}}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2020s supernatural television series]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Jayahe

2026-04-04T03:07:09Z

Bsdmission: added initial info and citations - done

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language action drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jayahe
| image = Jayahe.jpg
| alt =
| caption = VCD cover
| native_name = 
| director = [[Thriller Manju]]
| writer = Kamala Sarathi (dialogue)
| screenplay = Thriller Manju
| story = Thriller Manju
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Ayesha
*[[Jai Akash]]
*[[Thriller Manju]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Janardhan Babu
| editing = T. Govardhan
| music = M. N. Krupakar
| studio = Cygnuss Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2010|7|9|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
{{Portal|Film|India}}
'''''Jayahe''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Thriller Manju]] starring Ayesha in the titular role, [[Jai Akash]] and himself with [[Gowri Pandit]] and [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] in a supporting role. The film was released to mixed reviews, but was a box office success.

==Plot==
Jaya goes to Bangkok in search of her missing father Sushilkumar, who is a software engineer. Since the kidnappers are marital artists, she wants to learn techniques to fight them and goes to Dhrona to learn them.<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/mar/29/slide-show-1-south-meet-lady-bruce-lee-of-kannada-films.htm|title=Pix: Meet Kannada cinema's lady Bruce Lee!|date=29 March 2010|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first=Shruti Indira|last=Lakshminarayana|location=Bengaluru|access-date=1 May 2025|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219073520/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/mar/29/slide-show-1-south-meet-lady-bruce-lee-of-kannada-films.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Ayesha as Jaya
*[[Jai Akash]]
*[[Thriller Manju]] as Dhrona
*[[Gowri Pandit]]
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Sushilkumar
*[[Ramesh Bhat]]
*Suryanarayana as Khan
*Ravikumar
*M H Gurumurthy Reddy
*[[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]]
* Killer Venkatesh
*Dombara Krishna Suresh
}}

==Production==
Tirupati-based Ayesha (dubbed as Lady Bruce Lee) has a black belt in karate and trained under her father Habib since she was one-year-old. [[Thriller Manju]] and Ayesha previously worked together for ''Shabda'' (2002), but this film marks her lead debut. The film was extensively shot in Coorg. There are approximately eight fights in the movie that each less than one-and-a-half minute long. She performed all of her stunts without a stunt double.<ref name="R"/>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jayahe
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = M. N. Krupakar
| released = 2010
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:55
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|OccycDwtlDk|''Jayahe'' – Jukebox}}}}
}}
The soundtrack was composed by M. N. Krupakar with lyrics by [[Thriller Manju]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jaya Hae (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/tr/album/jaya-hae-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1222692966 |website=[[Apple Music]] |date=9 May 2010}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hechchu Kammi
| length1 = 4:49
| extra1 = Sneha
| title2 = Anuragada
| length2 = 4:33
| extra2 = [[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]], Priya Yadav
| title3 = Bandalu Nagini
| length3 = 3:44
| extra3 = Krishnavaedhan Kulkarni
| title4 = Cheluve
| length4 = 5:13
| extra4 = Krupakar, [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
| title5 = Anuragada
| note5 = Pathos
| length5 = 4:52
| extra5 = Sudhindra
| title6 = Roshavesha
| length6 = 3:44
| extra6 = Krupakar
| total_length = 26:55
}}

==Release and reception==
The film was a box office success and the film was subsequently dubbed in other languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2010/Jul/27/thriller-manju-says-jayahe-173367.html|title=Thriller Manju says Jayahe|date=27 July 2010|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2 May 2025}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' rated the film 1/5 stars and wrote, "''Jayahe'' is a badly made film. Watch it at your own risk".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/jayahe-just-a-bad-rehash-of-many-films-kannada-film-review_19345|title='Jayahe' just a bad rehash of many films (Kannada Film Review)|date=11 July 2010|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=India Forums|access-date=2 May 2025}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The movie is worth watching if you are interested in action scenes".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2010/Jul/09/no-room-for-laughter-168280.html|title=No room for laughter|date=9 July 2010|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2 May 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|13702130}}

[[Category:Kannada-language action drama films]]
[[Category:2010 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bangkok]]

Dhanush Srikanth

2026-03-30T14:05:29Z

Bsdmission:

{{short description|Indian sports shooter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Dhanush Srikanth
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|07|21|df=yes}}
| country = {{IND}}
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[shooting sports|shooting]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Deaflympics]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 Summer Deaflympics|2021 Caxias do Sul]]|10m air rifle}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 Summer Deaflympics|2021 Caxias do Sul]]|10m air rifle mixed}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Summer Deaflympics|2025 Tokyo]]|10m air rifle}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|2023 Suhl|10m air rifle}}
}}

'''Dhanush Srikanth''' (born 21 July 2002) is an Indian deaf sports shooter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush SRIKANTH |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/dhanush-srikanth |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Deaflympics}}</ref> He made his Deaflympic debut at the age of 19 representing [[India at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics]] (held in May 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |title=Sixty-five Indian athletes to participate in Deaflympics |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/indian-deaflympics-contingent-brazil-send-off-ceremony/article38480143.ece |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Sportstar |date=26 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Judge |first=Shahid |title=Explainer: India at Deaflympics – here's what you need to know about the quadrennial event |url=https://scroll.in/field/1023014/explainer-india-at-deaflympics-heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-quadrennial-event |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Scroll.in |date=May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Despite his deafness, he has been competing in Indian shooting circuit and has been regarded as one of the regular faces in Indian shooting fraternity. He is currently coached by former Indian sports shooter [[Gagan Narang]] at the Guns for Glory Shooting Academy in [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Judge |first=Shahid |title=Deaflympics 2021: From learning to shoot through drawings, Dhanush Srikanth charts path to gold |url=https://scroll.in/field/1023325/deaflympics-2021-from-learning-to-shoot-through-drawings-dhanush-srikanth-charts-path-to-gold |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Scroll.in |date=5 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Biography ==
During his childhood, although he was having deafness and hearing difficulties, his parents allowed him to mingle with other normally abled children and allowed him to study, play with other children in order to not let him seek special attention.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |first=Tushar|last=Dutt|date=5 May 2022 |title=Deaflympics: Dhanush Srikanth hits bullseye for India's first-ever shooting gold {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/deaflympics-dhanush-srikanth-hits-bullseye-for-indias-first-ever-shooting-gold/articleshow/91352995.cms |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Prior to competing at Deaflympics, he had not learnt [[sign language]].<ref name=":1" /> He also had communication issues and had difficulties in reading. He learnt the art of shooting from Gagan Narang through his drawings and sketches.<ref name=":0" /> It was Srikanth's mother who sought the assistance of Narang when Srikanth was still a 13 year old kid. Srikanth has speech impairments in addition to hearing impairments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=2022-05-06 |title=Bang on target! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/060522/bang-on-target.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
He took part in the 2018 Telangana State Shooting Championships and won junior, youth and senior titles. He won a gold medal in U-21 category at the [[Khelo India Youth Games|2019 Khelo India Youth Games]] and became the first deaf person to claim a medal in Khelo India Youth Games.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=Deaflympics 2021 shooting champion Dhanush Srikanth guns for Olympic glory |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/deaflympics-2021-shooting-champion-dhanush-srikanth-guns-for-olympic-glory-10638631.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Tushar Dutt|date=12 Jan 2019 |title=Khelo India: Dhanush Srikanth shoots gold, silently! {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/khelo-india-dhanush-srikanth-shoots-gold-silently/articleshow/67497923.cms |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2019, he became the first deaf shooter to represent Indian national shooting team when he made it to U21 men's 10m air rifle team for the [[2019 Asian Shooting Championships]] at the age of 16 and he also became the first deaf shooter from India ever to qualify for the Asian Shooting Championships in U21 category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-21 |title=Dhanush Srikanth is first deaf shooter on the Indian national team |url=https://newzhook.com/story/dhanush-srikanth-is-first-deaf-shooter-to-make-it-to-indian-national-squad/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Newz Hook {{!}} Disability News - Changing Attitudes towards Disability |language=en-US}}</ref> He claimed three gold medals in men's individual 10m air rifle junior event, men's team 10m air rifle junior event and mixed gender 10m air rifle junior event at the [[2019 Asian Shooting Championships]] in [[Doha]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISSF - International Shooting Sport Federation - issf-sports.org |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM2107200201 |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=www.issf-sports.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-13 |title=Hearing-impaired shooter Dhanush Srikanth wins double Asian gold |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hearing-impaired-shooter-dhanush-wins-double-asian-gold-6116756/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He clinched gold medal in the team event at the ISSF Junior World Shooting Championships in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=12 Indians make finals cut on the opening day of ISSF Junior World Championship |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/12-indians-make-finals-cut-on-the-opening-day-of-issf-junior-world-championship-101632988090794.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=30 Sep 2021 |title=12 Indian shooters make finals of ISSF Junior World Championship {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/five-indians-in-mens-10m-air-rifle-finals-of-junior-world-championships/articleshow/86633331.cms |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He could not be able to qualify for the [[2022 Asian Games]] after failing to make the cut during NRAI trials.<ref name=":2" />

He competed at the [[2021 Summer Deaflympics]] and clinched a gold medal in the men's 10m air rifle shooting event with a new deaf world record by registering a score of 247.5 points in the final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results - Shooting 10m Air Rifle (Men) |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/games/2022-s/results/3420 |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Deaflympics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=5 May 2022 |title=Dhanush Srikanth wins gold, Shourya Saini bags bronze at Deaflympics {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/dhanush-srikanth-wins-gold-shourya-saini-bags-bronze-at-deaflympics/articleshow/91335499.cms |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= 4 May 2022|title=Srikanth earns shooting gold with world record score at Deaflympics |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1122753/srikanth-shooting-gold-deaflympics |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Dhanush Srikanth wins gold, Shourya Saini bags bronze in Deaflympics |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/dhanush-srikanth-wins-gold-shourya-saini-bags-bronze-in-deaflympics/article38484915.ece |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Sportstar |date=5 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He eventually became the first Indian to secure a gold medal in 2021 Summer Deaflympics.<ref name=":0" /> In the same 2021 Deaflympics, he claimed another gold pairing with [[Priyesha Deshmukh]] in the final of the mixed rifle event. The pair defeated Germany's Sabrina Eckert and Sebastian Herrmany 16–10 to win the mixed rifle event.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Deaflympics 2021: Fourth gold for India as Priyesha Deshmukh, Dhanush Srikanth win mixed air rifle |url=https://scroll.in/field/1023456/deaflympics-2021-fourth-gold-for-india-as-priyesha-deshmukh-dhanush-srikanth-win-mixed-air-rifle |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Scroll.in |date=8 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

At the 2023 [[ISSF Junior World Cup]] in [[Suhl]], Srikanth won a gold medal in the 10m air rifle event with a score of 249.4 in the finals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-05 |title=ISSF Junior World Cup: Dhanush Srikanth wins India's third gold |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/issf-junior-world-cup-dhanush-srikanth-wins-indias-third-gold/articleshow/100772065.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[India at the Deaflympics]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{ISSF|SHINDM2107200201}}
* [http://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/dhanush-srikanth Dhanush Srikanth] at [[Deaflympics]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srikanth, Dhanush}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:Deaf sport shooters]]
[[Category:ISSF rifle shooters]]
[[Category:Indian deaf people]]
[[Category:Deaflympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Deaflympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2025 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2025 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:Sport shooters from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Khushwant Singh

2026-03-27T12:06:38Z

Bsdmission: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian writer (1915–2014)}}
{{Use Indian English|date = August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Khushwant Singh
| birth_name = Khushal Singh
| image = The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Somnath Chatterjee presenting National Amity Award to Shri Khushwant Singh at a function, in New Delhi on September 26, 2008 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Khushwant Singh receiving the National Amity Award, in New Delhi on September 26, 2008
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1915|2|2}}
| birth_place = [[Hadali]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|3|20|1915|2|2}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore]] (B.A.) [[University of London]] (LL.B.)
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Lawyer, journalist, diplomat, writer, politician
| relatives = Sardar Sujan Singh (grandfather) Lakshmi Devi (grandmother) [[Sir Sobha Singh]] (father) Viran Bai (mother) [[Ujjal Singh|Sardar Ujjal Singh]] (uncle) Bhagwant Singh (brother) [[Gurbux Singh (Brigadier)|Brigadier Gurbux Singh]] (brother) [[Daljit Singh (Delhi politician)|Daljit Singh]] (brother) Mohinder Kaur (sister) Kanwal Malik (spouse) Rahul Singh (son) Mala (daughter) Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)
| awards = Rockefeller Grant [[Padma Bhushan]] Honest Man of the Year Punjab Rattan Award [[Padma Vibhushan]] Sahitya Akademi Fellowship All-India Minorities Forum Annual Fellowship Award Lifetime Achievement Award [[Fellow of King's College]][https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/khushwant-singh-awarded-fellowship-of-kings-college-london/articleshow/28825274.cms] The Grove Press Award
| notable_works = The History of Sikhs [[Train to Pakistan]] Delhi: A Novel The Company of Women Truth, Love and a Little Malice: An Autobiography With Malice towards One and All Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on a Land and its People The Mark of Vishnu and Other Stories The Portrait of a Lady
}}

'''Khushwant Singh''' [[King's College London|FKC]] (born '''Khushal Singh''', 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician. His experience in the 1947 [[Partition of India]] inspired him to write ''[[Train to Pakistan]]'' in 1956 (made into [[Train to Pakistan (film)|film]] in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.<ref name="sengupta">{{cite news|last1=Sengupta|first1=Somini|title=Khushwant Singh, provocative Indian journalist, dies at 99|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/21/world/asia/khushwant-singh-provocative-indian-journalist-dies-at-99.html|access-date=25 February 2018|work=The New York Times|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=14 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814111640/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/21/world/asia/khushwant-singh-provocative-indian-journalist-dies-at-99.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dna">{{cite news|last1=Subramonian|first1=Surabhi|title=India's very own literary genius Khushwant Singh passes away, read his story|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-very-own-literary-genius-khushwant-singh-passes-away-read-his-story-1970779|access-date=7 May 2015|work=dna|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd.|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924232434/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-very-own-literary-genius-khushwant-singh-passes-away-read-his-story-1970779|url-status=live}}</ref>

Born in Punjab, Khushwant Singh was educated in [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School, New Delhi]], [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]], and graduated from [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore]]. He studied at [[King's College London]] and was awarded an [[LL.B.]] from [[University of London]]. He was [[called to the bar]] at the London [[Inner Temple]]. After working as a lawyer in [[Lahore High Court]] for eight years, he joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] upon the [[Independence of India|Independence of India from British Empire in 1947]]. He was appointed journalist in the [[All India Radio]] in 1951, and then moved to the Department of Mass Communications of [[UNESCO]] at Paris in 1956. These last two careers encouraged him to pursue a literary career. As a writer, he was best known for his trenchant secularism,<ref name=timesofindia>{{cite news|last=TNN|title=Khushwant Singh, journalist and writer, dies at 99|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Khushwant-Singh-journalist-and-writer-dies-at-99/articleshow/32352917.cms|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=18 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618020108/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Khushwant-Singh-journalist-and-writer-dies-at-99/articleshow/32352917.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> humour, sarcasm and an abiding love of poetry. His comparisons of social and behavioural characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with acid wit. He served as the editor of several literary and news magazines, as well as two newspapers, through the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Indian Parliament|Parliament of India]].

Khushwant Singh was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1974;<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> however, he returned the award in 1984 in protest against [[Operation Blue Star]] in which the [[Indian Army]] raided [[Amritsar]]. In 2007, he was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]], the second-highest civilian award in India.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=TNT|title=Those who said no to top awards|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714586.cms|access-date=7 May 2015|work=The Times of India|date=28 January 2008|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415124431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714586.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Khushwant Singh ({{langx|pa|ਖੁਸ਼ਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ}}) was born in [[Hadali]], [[Khushab District]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] (which now lies in Pakistan), in a [[Khatri]] [[Sikh]] family of the [[Khurana (surname)|Khurana]] Clan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-25 |title=Objection overruled |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/objection-overruled/story-W2PQYlv34xcU4LrXlbeNFL.html |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He was the younger son of [[Sobha Singh (builder)|Sir Sobha Singh]] and Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his time, and for him his father simply made up 2 February 1915 for his school enrollment at [[Modern School, New Delhi]].<ref name=rahul>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Rahul|editor1-last=Dharker|editor1-first=Anil|title=Icons: Men & Women Who Shaped Today's India|date=2008|publisher=Lotus Collection, an imprint of Roli Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7436-612-2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNFbBAAAQBAJ&q=khushwant+singh+15+august+1915&pg=PT94|chapter=The Man in the Light Bulb: Khushwant Singh}}</ref> But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was born in August, so he later set the date for himself as 15 August.<ref name=sengupta/> Sobha Singh was a prominent builder in [[Lutyens' Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ranjit|title=Sikh Achievers|year=2008|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8-17-01036-53|page=168|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfuDnpVlmlcC}}</ref> His uncle [[Sardar Ujjal Singh]] (1895–1983) was previously [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Governor of Punjab]] and [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]].

His birth name, given by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). He was called by a pet name "Shalee". At school his name earned him ridicule as other boys would mock him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is the radish of some garden.") He chose Khushwant so that it rhymes with his elder brother's name Bhagwant.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Khushwant|title=The Kh Factor|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-kh-factor/210867|access-date=7 May 2015|work=Outlook|date=19 February 2001}}</ref> He declared that his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless". However, he later discovered that there was a Hindu physician with the same name, and the number subsequently increased.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Khushwant|title=DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061125/asp/opinion/story_7045213.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518065759/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061125/asp/opinion/story_7045213.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 May 2015|access-date=7 May 2015|work=The Telegraph|date=25 November 2006}}</ref>

He entered the [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Delhi Modern School]] in 1920 and studied there till 1930. There he met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.<ref name=rahul/> He studied Intermediate of Arts at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] in [[Delhi]] during 1930-1932.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=The Fiction of St. Stephen's|date=2000|publisher=Ravi Dayal Publisher|isbn=81-7530-030-2 |editor=Chatterji, Lola |location=New Delhi|pages=v-vi|chapter=Forward|oclc=45799950}}</ref> He pursued higher education at [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore]], in 1932,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140321/khushwant.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Khushwant Singh 1915 — 2014 Selected Columns|website=The Tribune|access-date=1 March 2020|archive-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704083440/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140321/khushwant.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and got his BA in 1934 by a "[[third-class degree]]".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Massey|first=Reginald|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/20/khushwant-singh|title=Khushwant Singh obituary|date=20 March 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=1 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Then he went to [[King's College London]] to study law, and was awarded an [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]]. from [[University of London]] in 1938. He was subsequently [[called to the bar]] at the London [[Inner Temple]].<ref>Vinita Rani, "[http://mjpru.ac.in/PhdDetails/PhdEnglish/PhdData/Vinita.doc Style and Structure in the Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. A Critical Study.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812023025/http://mjpru.ac.in/PhdDetails/PhdEnglish/PhdData/Vinita.doc |date=12 August 2012 }}", PhD Thesis</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Khuswant|editor1-last=Bhattacharjea|editor1-first=Aditya|editor2-last=Chatterji|editor2-first=Lola|title=The Fiction of St. Stephen's|year=2000|publisher=Ravi Dayal Publisher|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8-17-53003-09|page=v|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ai6XVABXdkC}}</ref><ref name="king's" />

==Career==
Khushwant Singh started his professional career as a practising lawyer in 1939 at Lahore in the Chamber of [[Manzur Qadir]] and Ijaz Husain Batalvi. He worked at Lahore Court for eight years where he worked with some of his best friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Raja Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the [[Indian Foreign Service]] for the newly independent India. He started as Information Officer of the Government of India in Toronto, Canada, and moved on to be the Press Attaché and Public Officer for the Indian High Commission for four years in London and Ottawa. In 1951, he joined the [[All India Radio]] as a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked in Department of Mass Communication of the UNESCO at Paris.<ref name=Indianexpress>{{cite news|last=Press Trust of India|title=Khushwant Singh could easily switch roles from author to commentator and journalist|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/khushwant-singh-a-prolific-writer-who-left-a-mark-on-readers/|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027072513/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/khushwant-singh-a-prolific-writer-who-left-a-mark-on-readers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=indiatiday14>{{cite web|title=Life and times of Khushwant Singh l|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/khushwant-singh-timeline/1/350342.htm|work=India Today|access-date=21 March 2014}}{{dead link|date=November 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> From 1956 he turned to editorial services. He founded and edited ''Yojana'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://yojana.gov.in/ | title=Yojana | access-date=18 September 2013 | archive-date=24 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024233402/http://yojana.gov.in/ | url-status=live }}</ref> an Indian government journal in 1951–1953; ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'', a newsweekly;''[[The National Herald (India)|The National Herald]]''.<ref name="pti">{{cite news|last1=PTI|title=Khushwant Singh, renowned author and journalist, passes away|access-date=21 March 2016|work=The Economic Times|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-20/news/48401954_1_khushwant-singh-hadali-rahul-singh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122428/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-20/news/48401954_1_khushwant-singh-hadali-rahul-singh|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2014|date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="libr">{{cite news|title=Khushwant Singh, 1915-|url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/khushwantsingh.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=The South Asian Literary Recording Project|publisher=The Library of Congress (New Delhi)|year=2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122151/http://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/khushwantsingh.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also appointed as editor of [[Hindustan Times]] on [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi's]] personal recommendation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History repeating at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/media/history-repeating-shobhana-bhartias-hindustan-times|last=Dev|first=Atul|website=The Caravan|language=en|access-date=3 May 2020|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316185834/https://caravanmagazine.in/media/history-repeating-shobhana-bhartias-hindustan-times|url-status=live}}</ref>

During his tenure, ''The Illustrated Weekly'' became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, with its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000.<ref name="NandiniMehta">{{cite book|title=Not a Nice Man To Know|chapter=Farewell to the Illustrated Weekly|editor=Nandini Mehta|author=Khushwant Singh|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=1993|page=8|quote=On 25 July 1978, one week before he was to retire, he was abruptly asked to leave with immediate effect. Khushwant quietly got up, collected his umbrella, and without a word to his staff, left the office where he had worked for nine years, raising the ''Illustrated Weekly''{{'s}} circulation from 65,000 to 400,000. The new editor was installed the same day, and ordered by the ''Weekly''{{'s}} management to kill the "Farewell" column.}}</ref> After working for nine years in the weekly, on 25 July 1978, a week before he was to retire, the management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".<ref name="NandiniMehta" /> A new editor was installed the same day.<ref name="NandiniMehta" /> After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered a huge drop in readership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sepiamutiny.com/sepia/archives/003653.html |title=Khushwant Singh's Journalism: The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=4 August 2006 |publisher=Sepiamutiny.com |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-date=22 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622175640/http://www.sepiamutiny.com/sepia/archives/003653.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016 Khushwant Singh enters [[Limca Book of Records]] as a tribute.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tribute – Khushwant Singh|url=http://www.limcabookofrecords.in/record-detail.aspx?rid=1079|publisher=Limca Book of Records|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808171944/http://www.limcabookofrecords.in/record-detail.aspx?rid=1079|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Politics ==
[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Vibhushan to Shri Khushwant Singh, at an Investiture Ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on March 23, 2007.jpg|left|thumb|Khushwant Singh meeting Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam before receiving the [[Padma Vibhushan]].]]From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the Indian parliament. He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1974 for service to his country. In 1984, he returned the award in protest against [[Operation Blue Star|the siege of the Golden Temple]] by the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2714615.cms
|title = Those who said no to top awards
|work = The Times of India
|date = 20 January 2008
|access-date = 5 November 2008
|archive-date = 29 March 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160329133839/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2714615.cms
|url-status = live
}}</ref> In 2007, the Indian government awarded Khushwant Singh the [[Padma Vibhushan]].<ref name=":0" />

As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was accused of favouring the ruling [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]], especially during the reign of [[Indira Gandhi]]. When [[Indira Gandhi]] announced [[The Emergency (India)|nation-wide-emergency]], he openly supported it and was derisively called an 'establishment liberal'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why I Supported Emergency {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/why-i-supported-emergency/209636|website=Outlook India|access-date=3 May 2020|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007062600/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/why-i-supported-emergency/209636|url-status=live}}</ref>

Singh's faith in the Indian political system was shaken by the [[anti-Sikh riots]] that followed [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi's assassination]], in which major Congress politicians are alleged to be involved; but he remained resolutely positive on the promise of Indian democracy<ref>Singh, Khushwant, "Oh, That Other Hindu Riot of Passage," Outlook Magazine, November, 07, 2004, available at [http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-khushwantsing071104.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001085018/http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-khushwantsing071104.htm|date=1 October 2020}}</ref> and worked via [[Citizen's Justice Committee]] floated by [[H. S. Phoolka]] who is a senior advocate of [[Delhi High Court]].

Singh was a votary of greater diplomatic relations with [[Israel]] at a time when India did not want to displease [[Arab world|Arab nations]] where thousands of Indians found employment. He visited Israel in the 1970s and was impressed by its progress.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031018/windows/above.htm | title=THIS ABOVE ALL : When Israel was a distant dream | work=The Tribune | date=18 October 2003 | access-date=27 March 2014 | author=Singh, Khushwant | archive-date=13 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014228/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031018/windows/above.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==

Khushwant Singh was married to Kanwal Malik. Malik was his childhood friend who had moved to [[London]] earlier. They met again when he studied law at King's College London, and soon got married.<ref name=dna/> They were married in Delhi, with [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]] and Iqbal Singh as the only invitees.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice|date=2000|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-029832-0|location=New Delhi|pages=126|oclc=45420301}}</ref> [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] also attended the formal service.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qr1lAAAAMAAJ|title=Khushwant Singh: An Icon of Our Age|date=2000|publisher=Jiya Prakashan|pages=79|language=en}}</ref> They had a son, named Rahul Singh, and a daughter, named Mala. His wife predeceased him in 2001.<ref name="pti"/> Actress [[Amrita Singh]] is the daughter of his brother Daljit Singh's son – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near [[Khan Market]] New Delhi, Delhi's first apartment complex, built by his father in 1945, and named after his grandfather.<ref>{{cite news|title=Making history with brick and mortar |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Making-history-with-brick-and-mortar/Article1-745801.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205200651/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Making-history-with-brick-and-mortar/Article1-745801.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 December 2012 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=15 September 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Khushwantsingh.jpg|thumb|Khushwant Singh at a reading in New Delhi.]]

=== Religious belief ===

Singh was a self-proclaimed agnostic, as the title of his 2011 book ''Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God'' explicitly revealed. He was particularly against [[organised religion]]. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, as he said, "One can be a saintly person without believing in God and a detestable villain believing in him. In my personalised religion, There Is No God!"<ref>{{cite web|last=Nayar|first=Aruti|title=Staring into The Abyss: Khushwant Singh's Personal Struggles With Organized Religion|url=http://www.sikhchic.com/books/staring_into_the_abyss_khushwant_singhs_personal_struggles_with_organized_religion|work=sikhchic.com|access-date=21 March 2014|archive-date=28 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528174808/http://www.sikhchic.com/books/staring_into_the_abyss_khushwant_singhs_personal_struggles_with_organized_religion|url-status=live}}</ref> He also once said, "I don't believe in rebirth or in reincarnation, in the day of judgement or in heaven or hell. I accept the finality of death."<ref>{{cite web|last=Khuswant|first=Singh|title=How To Live & Die|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266528|work=Outlook|date=16 August 2010|access-date=21 March 2014|archive-date=21 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321102210/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266528|url-status=live}}</ref> His last book ''The Good, The Bad and The Ridiculous'' was published in October 2013, following which he retired from writing.<ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Veteran Writer and Novelist Khushwant Singh passes away at 99|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/veteran-writer-and-novelist-khushwant-singh-passes-away-at-99/|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=20 March 2014|archive-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026141249/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/veteran-writer-and-novelist-khushwant-singh-passes-away-at-99/|url-status=live}}</ref> The book was his continued critique of religion and especially its practice in India, including the critique of the clergy and priests. It earned a lot of acclaim in India.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tiwary |first=Akash |date=21 March 2014 |title=Khushwant Singh's demise bereaves India of its most articulate agnostic |url=https://townpost.in/2014/03/21/khushwant-singhs-demise-bereaves-india-of-its-most-articulate-agnostic/ |access-date=21 March 2014 |work=The Avenue Mail |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829185227/https://townpost.in/2014/03/21/khushwant-singhs-demise-bereaves-india-of-its-most-articulate-agnostic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Khushwant Singh had once controversially claimed that [[Sikhism]] was a "warrior branch of [[Hinduism]]".<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Arora |first=Subhash Chander |title=Turmoil in Punjab Politics |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1990 |isbn=9788170992516 |pages=188}}</ref>

===Death===
Singh died of natural causes on 20 March 2014 at his [[Delhi]] residence, at the age of 99. The [[President of India|President]], [[Vice President of India|Vice-President]] and [[Prime Minister of India]] all issued messages honouring Singh.<ref>{{cite web|title=President, Prime Minister of India condole Khushwant Singh's Demise|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/president-prime-minister-of-india-condole-khushwant-singhs-demise/|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=20 March 2014|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225104741/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/president-prime-minister-of-india-condole-khushwant-singhs-demise/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the afternoon of the same day.<ref name="timesofindia" /> During his lifetime, Khushwant Singh was keen on burial because he believed that with a burial we give back to the earth what we have taken. He had requested the management of the [[Baháʼí Faith]] if he could be buried in their cemetery. After initial agreement, they had proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and hence the idea was later abandoned.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266528 | title=Excerpt: How To Live & Die | publisher=Outlook India | access-date=23 March 2014 | archive-date=22 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322170742/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266528 | url-status=live }}</ref> He was born in [[Hadali]], [[Khushab District]] in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Province]] of modern Pakistan, in 1915. According to his wishes, some of his ashes were brought and scattered in [[Hadali]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1101851|title=Train to Pakistan: 2014|first=F. S.|last=Aijazuddin|date=24 April 2014|website=Dawn|location=Pakistan|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123053820/https://www.dawn.com/news/1101851|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1943 he had already written his own obituary, included in his collection of short stories ''Posthumous.'' Under the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the text reads:

{{blockquote|We regret to announce the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 pm last evening. He leaves behind a young widow, two infant children and a large number of friends and admirers. Amongst those who called at the late sardar’s residence were the PA to the chief justice, several ministers, and judges of the high court.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Khushwant|title=How To Live & Die|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/how-to-live--die/266528|access-date=7 May 2015|work=Outlook|date=16 October 2010|archive-date=25 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125072001/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/How-To-Live--Die/266528|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

He also prepared an epitaph for himself, which runs:
{{blockquote|Here lies one who spared neither man nor God; Waste not your tears on him, he was a sod; Writing nasty things he regarded as great fun; Thank the Lord he is dead, this son of a gun.<ref>{{cite news|last1=PTI|title=Here lies one who spared neither man nor God: Khushwant's epitaph for himself|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/here-lies-one-who-spared-neither-man-nor-god-khushwants-epitaph-for-himself/article5810085.ece|access-date=7 May 2015|work=The Hindu|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325032857/http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/here-lies-one-who-spared-neither-man-nor-god-khushwants-epitaph-for-himself/article5810085.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

He was cremated and his ashes are buried in Hadali school, where a plaque is placed bearing the inscription:
{{blockquote|IN MEMORY OF SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH (1915–2014) A SIKH, A SCHOLAR AND A SON OF HADALI (Punjab) 'This is where my roots are. I have nourished them with tears of nostalgia ...<ref>{{cite news|last1=Masood|first1=Tariq|title=Khushwant Singh: The final homecoming|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/720360/khushwant-singh-the-final-homecoming/|access-date=7 May 2015|work=The Express Tribune|date=15 June 2014|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074532/http://tribune.com.pk/story/720360/khushwant-singh-the-final-homecoming/|url-status=live}}</ref>'}}

==Honours and awards==
* [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller Grant]], 1966<ref name="king's">{{cite web|title=Khushwant Singh awarded Fellowship|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2014/January/Khushwant-Singh-awarded-Fellowship.aspx|publisher=King's College London|access-date=21 March 2014|archive-date=21 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321093944/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2014/January/Khushwant-Singh-awarded-Fellowship.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Padma Bhushan]], Government of India (1974) (He returned the decoration in 1984 in protest against the Union government's siege of the Golden Temple, Amritsar)<ref name=indiatiday14/>
* ''Honest Man of the Year'', [[Sulabh International]] (2000)<ref name="libr"/>
* [[Punjab Rattan Award]], [[Government of Punjab, India|The Government of Punjab]] (2006)<ref name=indiatiday14/>
* [[Padma Vibhushan]], Government of India (2007)<ref name=indiatiday14/>
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]] by Sahitya academy of India (2010)<ref name=mukherjee>{{cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Abishek|title=Khushwant Singh and the cricket connection|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/khushwant-singh-and-the-cricket-connection-113816|work=The Cricket Country|date=20 March 2014|access-date=21 March 2014|archive-date=21 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321081324/http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/khushwant-singh-and-the-cricket-connection-113816|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 'All-India Minorities Forum Annual Fellowship Award' by [[Uttar Pradesh]] Chief Minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]] (2012)<ref>{{cite news|title=Akhilesh honours Khushwant-Singh|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Akhilesh-honours-Khushwant-Singh/speednewsbytopic/keyid-1482792.cms|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Lifetime achievement award by Tata Literature Live! The Mumbai Litfest in 2013<ref name=indiatiday14/>
* [[Fellow of King's College London]] in January 2014<ref name="king's"/>
* 'The Grove Press Award' for the best fiction.

==Literary works==
===Books===
* ''The Mark of Vishnu and Other Stories,'' (short story collection) 1950''<ref name="OU">{{Cite web | url = http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/khushwant-singh | title = Khushwant Singh | publisher = [[Open University]] | access-date = 21 March 2014 | archive-date = 6 June 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140606220009/http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/khushwant-singh | url-status = live }}</ref>''
* ''The History of Sikhs'', 1953
* ''[[Train to Pakistan]]'', (novel) 1956<ref name=OU/>
* ''The Voice of God and Other Stories'', (short story) 1957<ref name=OU/>
* ''I Shall Not Hear the Nightingale'', (novel) 1959<ref name=OU/>
* ''The Sikhs Today'', 1959<ref name=OU/>
* ''The Fall of the Kingdom of the Punjab'', 1962<ref name=OU/>
* ''A History of the Sikhs'', 1963<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=A History of the Sikhs|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nsGAQAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Broomfield |first=J. H. |year=1964 |title=A History of the Sikhs . Khushwant Singh |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/239500 |journal=The Journal of Modern History |language=en |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=439–440 |doi=10.1086/239500 |issn=0022-2801|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* ''Ranjit Singh: The Maharaja of the Punjab'', 1963<ref name=OU/>
* ''Ghadar 1915: India's first armed revolution'', 1966<ref name=OU/>
* ''A Bride of the Sahib and Other Stories'', (short story) 1967<ref name=OU/>
* ''Black Jasmine'', (short story) 1971<ref name=OU/>
* ''Tragedy of Punjab'', 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bobb |first=Dilip |date=15 November 1984 |title=Book reviews: 'Tragedy of Punjab' and 'Bhindranwale, Myth and Reality' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/19841115-book-review-tragedy-of-punjab-and-bhindranwale-myth-and-reality-803462-1984-11-15 |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908081528/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/19841115-book-review-tragedy-of-punjab-and-bhindranwale-myth-and-reality-803462-1984-11-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Sikhs'', 1984<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nath |first=Aman |date=15 June 1984 |title=Book review: Khushwant Singh's 'The Sikhs' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/19840615-book-review-khushwant-singh-the-sikhs-803022-1984-06-15 |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908081900/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/19840615-book-review-khushwant-singh-the-sikhs-803022-1984-06-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh'', Ravi Dayal Publisher, 1989<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_gOp_Kr358C |title=The Collected Short Stories of Khushwant Singh |date=2005 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7530-044-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''More Malicious Gossip,'' 1989 (collection of essays)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1JLDQAAQBAJ |title=More Malicious Gossip |date=18 September 2006 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5029-290-7 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Delhi: A Novel]]'', (Novel) 1990<ref name=OU/>
* ''Sex, Scotch & Scholarship,'' 1992 (collection of essays)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QigwYAAACAAJ |title=Sex, Scotch And Scholarship |date=2004 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-469-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Not a Nice Man to Know: The Best of Khushwant Singh'', 1993<ref name=OU/>
* ''We Indians'', 1993<ref name=OU/>
* ''Women and Men in My Life'', 1995<ref name=OU/>
* ''Declaring Love in Four Languages,'' by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2022 |title=Poetic Injustice |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/poetic-injustice/205484 |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908101520/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/poetic-injustice/205484 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[The Company of Women (Singh novel)|The Company of Women]]'', (novel) 1999<ref name="OU" /><ref name=TFT>{{cite news|url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2014/03/29/khushwant-singh-delhis-most-famous-living-monument/|author=Neelofar Farooq|date=29 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 June 2022|access-date=28 October 2025|newspaper=The Friday Times newspaper|title=Delhi's most famous living monument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625200723/https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2014/03/29/khushwant-singh-delhis-most-famous-living-monument/}}</ref>
* ''Big Book of Malice,'' 2000, (collection of essays)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5PChZeGPkEC |title=Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice |date=2000 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-029832-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''India: An Introduction,'' 2003<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F89YAAAACAAJ |title=India: An Introduction |date=2003 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-548-2 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Truth, Love and a Little Malice]]:'' ''An Autobiography'', 2002<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2014 |title=Khushwant Singh's 10 most talked about books |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/photo-stories/khushwant-singhs-10-most-talked-about-books/photostory/32358783.cms |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908104732/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/photo-stories/khushwant-singhs-10-most-talked-about-books/photostory/32358783.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[With Malice towards One and All]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2014 |title=With Malice Towards One and All: Best of Khushwant's columns |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/with-malice-towards-one-and-all-best-of-khushwant-s-columns/story-YlA14F1dFw3js1Gh14ZoJK.html |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* ''The End of India'', 2003<ref name=OU/>
* ''Burial at the Sea'', 2004<ref name=OU/>
* ''A History of the Sikhs'', 2004 (2nd edition)<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHwGAQAAIAAJ |title=A History of the Sikhs |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1966 |edition=2}}</ref>
* ''Paradise and Other Stories'', 2004<ref name=OU/>
* ''A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838'', 2004<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|edition=2, illustrated|pages=434|isbn= 9780195673081|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9uAAAAMAAJ|access-date=7 July 2009}}</ref>
* ''Death at My Doorstep'', 2004<ref name=":2" />
* ''A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004'', 2005<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|title=A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2005|edition=2, illustrated|pages=547|isbn= 978-0195673098|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ|access-date=7 July 2009}}</ref>
* ''The Illustrated History of the Sikhs'', 2006<ref name=OU/>
* ''Land of Five Rivers'', 2006<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune - Books |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060917/spectrum/book5.htm |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=The Tribune}}</ref>
* ''Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles'', 2009<ref name=OU/>
* ''The Sunset Club'', (novel) 2010<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haider |first=Raana |date=2 June 2018 |title=A Review of The Sunset Club |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/book-reviews/review-the-sunset-club-1584973 |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908125219/https://www.thedailystar.net/book-reviews/review-the-sunset-club-1584973 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Gods and Godmen of India'', 2012<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2x3AAAACAAJ |title=Gods and Godmen of India |date=2003 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-533-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God'', 2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune - Books |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120318/spectrum/book2.htm |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=The Tribune |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908135855/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120318/spectrum/book2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Freethinker's Prayer Book and Some Words to Live By,'' 2012<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2012 |title=Book excerpt: The Freethinker's Prayer Book |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/book-excerpt-the-freethinker-s-prayer-book/story-chDMmTrhoFa2aAoPBBK4eO.html |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909060305/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/book-excerpt-the-freethinker-s-prayer-book/story-chDMmTrhoFa2aAoPBBK4eO.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Good, the Bad and the Ridiculous'', 2013 (co-authored with [[Humra Qureshi]])<ref name=":2" />
* ''Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life,'' 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khushwantnama |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/book-reviews/khushwantnama |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908104734/https://www.freepressjournal.in/book-reviews/khushwantnama |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on a Land and its People'', 2018 (posthumously compiled by his daughter Mala Dayal)<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=New book brings together Khushwant Singh's best on Punjab and its people |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/new-book-brings-together-khushwant-singhs-best-on-punjab-and-its-people/articleshow/65421296.cms |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909053907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/new-book-brings-together-khushwant-singhs-best-on-punjab-and-its-people/articleshow/65421296.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Short story===
* ''The Portrait of a Lady''<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2016 |title=Review: The Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Travelling Through Words |url=https://travellingthroughwords.com/index.php/2016/06/22/review-the-portrait-of-a-lady-by-khushwant-singh/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908134323/https://travellingthroughwords.com/index.php/2016/06/22/review-the-portrait-of-a-lady-by-khushwant-singh/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Strain''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |year=1989 |title=The collected short stories of Khushwant Singh |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/20596191 |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=worldcat.org |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908102419/https://www.worldcat.org/title/20596191 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Success Mantra<ref name=":1" />''
* ''A Love Affair in London<ref name=":1" />''
* ''The Wog''<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2017 |title=Khushwant Singh's "The Wog" Free Essay Example |url=https://studymoose.com/khushwant-singhs-the-wog-essay |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=StudyMoose |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''The Portrait of a Lady: Collected Stories'' (2013)<ref name=":2" />

===Play===
Television Documentary: Third World—Free Press (also presenter; Third Eye series), 1983 (UK).<ref>{{cite web|title=Third Eye: Third World – Free Press?|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6e144baa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322030359/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6e144baa|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2014|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Karma (story)|"Karma"]], a short story by Khushwant Singh
* [[List of Indian writers]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* Chopra, Radika."[https://web.archive.org/web/20130725091836/http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=44&id=3520 Social Criticism through Social History in Khushwant Singh's non-fiction]". Muse India Journal. Issue 44. July–August 2012.
* Chopra, Radika. "[http://www.iupindia.in/1306/English%20Studies/Fiction_as_Social_History.html Fiction as Social History:A Study of Khushwant Singh's Novels]". The IUP Journal of English Studies Vol 1. viii, No. 2 June 2013. pp. 59–77.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{OL author}}

{{portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Journalism|Politics|History}}
{{Sikhism}}
{{Modern Sikh writers}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Khushwant}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:Modern School (New Delhi) alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian sceptics]]
[[Category:Novelists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:People from Khushab District]]
[[Category:Indian agnostics]]
[[Category:Government College University, Lahore alumni]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Former Sikhs]]
[[Category:Scholars of Sikhism]]
[[Category:Sikh writers]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Dumm Dumm Dumm

2026-03-27T11:17:16Z

Bsdmission:

{{short description|2001 film by Azhagam Perumal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dumm Dumm Dumm
| image = Dumm Dumm Dumm.jpg
| caption = Theaterical Release poster
| director = [[Azhagam Perumal]]
| writer = [[Mani Ratnam]] [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]] Azhagam Perumal
| producer = Mani Ratnam G. Srinivasan
| starring = [[R. Madhavan]] [[Jyothika]]
| cinematography = [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad|Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Karthik Raja]]
| studio = [[Madras Talkies]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|4|13}}
| runtime = 151 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Dumm Dumm Dumm''''' ({{translation|''Wedding beats''}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film co-written and directed by [[Azhagam Perumal]] and produced by director [[Mani Ratnam]] under his home studio, [[Madras Talkies]]. It stars [[R. Madhavan]] and [[Jyothika]], with [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Manivannan]] and [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] portraying other pivotal roles. The film featured cinematography by [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]], editing by [[A. Sreekar Prasad|Sreekar Prasad]] and music composed by [[Karthik Raja]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jan/11mad.htm| title = rediff.com, Movies: 'I want to go on my knees and kiss Mani Sir's hand'| access-date = 16 February 2016| archive-date = 29 February 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160229235700/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jan/11mad.htm| url-status = live}}</ref>

''Dumm Dumm Dumm'' opened on 13 April 2001 to positive reviews and became a commercial hit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/28/stories/2001122801200100.htm |title=Memorable flicks that made it big |date=2001-12-28 |access-date=2013-06-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109110106/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/28/stories/2001122801200100.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |df=dmy }}</ref>

The film depicts two career-oriented young people being pressured into an [[arranged marriage]] by their respective families. To their own surprise, they get along well and are attracted to each other. Their wedding is cancelled due to a violent quarrel between their families over cheating at a card game. The would-be-couple make efforts to reunite.

== Plot ==
Ganga lives in a small village in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu and yet secures state second rank in XII board exams. Although she wishes to pursue civil engineering at Chennai, her father Veluthambi plans for her to marry young Lawyer Adhithya aka Adhi, who hails from the same village. The reason for this alliance is that Adhi's rich dad, Maruthapillai was Veluthambi's former boss who helped him become a rich rice mill owner, and Velu wants to repay the moral debt. Adhi is fun-loving and has just completed his law degree and prefers to enjoy his bachelor life at Chennai and is not interested in marriage.

Adhi comes to the village and meets Ganga trying to convey his feelings. To his surprise, Ganga is also not interested in marriage as she wants to study in Chennai. Both of them decide to somehow stop the wedding by creating some problem before the wedding, but all their efforts go in vain as both the families get even closer following their plans.

Slowly, Adhi and Ganga start liking each other and decide to get married. However, to their shock, on the day before the wedding, a small quarrel erupts between Veluthambi and Maruthapillai while playing cards. Maruthapillai accuses Veluthambi of cheating during the game, which was actually done by Adhi's relative Dr Kathamuthu. Veluthambi retaliates to prove his genuineness. The argument, which started in a funnier tone, gets serious slowly, and immediately, both of the families decide to get the wedding cancelled and in the tussle, Adhi's house servant, Saami, is stabbed. Ganga's brother-in-law, a government school PT teacher, is blamed for the incident and is arrested.

Ganga is sent to Chennai to pursue engineering and stays with her distant relative Sivaji, who is a leading lawyer by profession. Adhi, who also lives in Chennai, meets Ganga, and they both now plan to get the cancelled wedding re-arranged again by their families. Adhi comes in place of his friend Jim as a junior lawyer to assist Sivaji, thereby meeting Ganga every day. Sivaji finds that Adhi has not come as a junior and instead for some other reason. However, he misunderstands that Adhi is in love with his own daughter and fears that his daughter might elope with Adhi someday. Both Maruthapillai and Veluthambi gets to know Adhi and Ganga meeting each other, a fight erupts and they both separate them again.

Adhi appears as a lawyer for Veluthambi's son-in-law, and saves him based on lack of evidence. Veluthambi claims to plan a marriage between his son-in-law and Ganga, hearing this, Adhi is heartbroken. His son-in-law confesses that he will marry only Pattamma. Adhi confesses to his father that he loves Ganga but Maruthapillai argues about saving his honor and status. On the other hand Veluthambi accepts Ganga's confession and he is ready to get them married. Ganga learns that Adhi and Maruthapillai fought but his mother conveys wrongly that Adhi doesn't want to marry Ganga. She is heartbroken to hear it.

Dr Kathamuthu is admitted to the hospital, believes its all because of karma confesses to Maruthapillai that he was the culprit and Veluthambi was innocent. Adhi's father understands that Veluthambi was innocent and did no wrong and apologizes to him. Adhi finds Ganga and finally confesses and proposes marriage. Adhi and Ganga are happily united in the end.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[R. Madhavan]] as Adhitya aka Aadhi
* [[Jyothika]] (voice: [[Savitha Radhakrishnan|Savitha]]) as Ganga Veluthambi
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Jim
* [[Manivannan]] as Sivaji
* [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] (voice: [[Rajesh_(Tamil_actor) | Rajesh]]) as Veluthambi, Ganga's father
* [[Delhi Kumar]] as Maruthapillai, Adhi's father
* [[Kalairani]] as Adhi's mother
* [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Ganga's grandfather
* [[Chinni Jayanth]] as Sivaji's client
* [[Gowtham Sundararajan]] as Ganga's brother-in-law
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Dr Kathamuthu, Adhi's relative
* [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Pattamma
* [[Richa Ahuja]] as Asha
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as Saami
* Sridhar as Shree
* [[Shanthi Williams]] as Sivaji's wife
*[[S. N. Parvathy]] as Ganga's grandmother
*[[Preetha]] as Charu
*[[Sheela Kaur]] as Ganga's sister
}}

== Production ==
[[Mani Ratnam]] chose his assistant [[Azhagam Perumal]] to direct a film for his production studio, [[Madras Talkies]] in late 2000 and the pair worked on a screenplay together. Azhagam Perumal had earlier begun two projects, ''Mudhal Mudhalaaga'' in 1998 and ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]'' in 1998, but both films ran into production troubles, so his mentor Mani Ratnam was keen to launch him as a director. The basic plotline of the film was taken from the episode ''Love Story'' from [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]'s 1991 miniseries ''[[Penn (1991 TV series)|Penn]]''.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ideallaedi.tumblr.com/post/155253598002/shobana-and-raja-in-love-story-a-short-skit-in-a| title = Where is my dabra ?| access-date = 8 August 2020| archive-date = 21 October 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231021105512/https://ideallaedi.tumblr.com/post/155253598002/shobana-and-raja-in-love-story-a-short-skit-in-a| url-status = live}}</ref> While Mani Ratnam worked on writing the film's city portions, Azhagam Perumal wrote the portions set in the village.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/24peru.htm| title = rediff.com, Movies: 'I'm jealous of Mani Ratnam!'| access-date = 16 February 2016| archive-date = 24 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024090709/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/24peru.htm| url-status = live}}</ref> [[R. Madhavan]], who played the lead role in Mani Ratnam's previous project ''[[Alaipayuthey]]'' (2000), was signed on to play the lead role alongside actress [[Jyothika]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/we_rise_fast_fall_fast_jyothika.htm| title = "We Rise fast, fall fast": Jyothika| access-date = 16 February 2016| archive-date = 28 December 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131228071430/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/we_rise_fast_fall_fast_jyothika.htm| url-status = live}}</ref> It was initially reported that Madras Talkies had signed on composer [[Dhina (music director)|Dhina]] to work on the film's soundtrack, but he was later replaced by [[Karthik Raja]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://tamilmovies.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?id=968265567 |title = Tamil Movies Online News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010129085300/http://tamilmovies.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?id=968265567 |archive-date=29 January 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.tfmpage.com/oldnews01.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20021028073013/http://www.tfmpage.com/oldnews01.html| archive-date = 2002-10-28| title = TFM Old News Items}}</ref>

A song sequence was shot at [[Thanjavur Periya Koil]] and became the final film to shoot there until ''[[Kandaen]]'' released in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.screenindia.com/20010406/tamil.html#1 |title = Screen the business of entertainment-Regional-Tamil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020108234446/http://www.screenindia.com/20010406/tamil.html#1 |archive-date=8 January 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/17967/kollywood/Kanden-Preview-Preview-Details |title=Kanden — Preview |publisher=Supergoodmovies.com |date=2011-05-17 |access-date=2013-06-11 |archive-date=1 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401194633/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/17967/kollywood/Kanden-Preview-Preview-Details |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The film had a premiere on 13 April 2001 at Sathyam Cinemas in aid of the Ability Foundation, an organisation working for the welfare of the disabled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/17/stories/0417401z.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126021135/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/17/stories/0417401z.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=The Hindu : Premiere for a 'special' purpose |work=The Hindu |date=2001-04-17 |access-date=2013-06-11}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dumm Dumm Dumm
| type = [[Soundtrack album|Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Karthik Raja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 16 February 2001
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Saregama]], Cee (I) TV Audio
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]
| prev_year = 2001
| next_title = [[Mitr, My Friend]]
| next_year = 2001
}}

The soundtrack album for ''Dumm Dumm Dumm'' features six songs composed by [[Karthik Raja]]. The lyrics were penned by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], [[Pa. Vijay]], and [[Na. Muthukumar]]. ''Indiainfo'' praised the album, stating: "Once again the album does justice to the film producer Manirathnam whose music sense has always been above par. Karthik Raja is a talented son of a talented father".<ref name="Indiainfo">{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/audio/dum.html|title=Dum Dum Dum: Karthik Raja's Best|first=A|last=Swamy|website=Indiainfo|access-date=8 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119060057/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/audio/dum.html|archive-date=19 November 2001}}</ref>

{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
|+ Track listing
! No. !! Title !! Singers !! Lyricist
|-
| 1 || "Desingu Raja" || [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Harish Raghavendra]] || rowspan="4" | [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| 2 || "Suttrum Bhoomi" || [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], Chorus
|-
| 3 || "Un Perai Sonnale" || [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| 4 || "Ragasiyamai" || [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Ramanathan
|-
| 5 || "Krishna Krishna" || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Febi Mani]], [[Harish Raghavendra]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| 6 || "Athan Varuvaga" || [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], T. K. Karthik, [[Chitra Sivaraman]], [[Malgudi Subha]] || [[Pa. Vijay]]
|}

== Release and reception ==
Upon release on 13 April 2001, ''Dumm Dumm Dumm'' garnered predominantly positive feedback from critics. ''Chennai Online'' wrote "It is a youthful, clean entertainer from debutant director Azhagam Perumal. The film begins a little differently, the first part interspersed with enjoyable humour. Some of the scenes and song picturisation (like, 'Deising Raja….', the catchy tunes by Kartik Raja) have the Manirathnam touch. Not surprising, since the director has had his apprenticeship with Manirathnam. It is after the story shifts to the city that the narration lags a little and becomes confused".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov114.asp |title = Dumm Dumm Dumm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010624215650/http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov114.asp |archive-date=24 June 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The critic from [[Rediff]].com cited that the film "has what it takes to come up with a box office bonanza" and said that "the real star, though, is director Azhagam Perumal."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/28dum.htm |title=The Rediff Review: Dum Dum Dum |publisher=Rediff |date=2001-04-28 |access-date=2013-06-11 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416034743/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/apr/28dum.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Furthermore, the reviewer praised R. Madhavan and Jyothika, the lead pair, as "perfectly cast, and perform as per expectations," whilst labeling that [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] delivered a "measured performance." ''[[The Hindu]]'''s verdict was that the film was "a neat entertainer that seems to lose focus on and off," whilst drawing particular praise for the performance of the leading actors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/20/stories/09200223.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021113232633/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/04/20/stories/09200223.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=13 November 2002 |title=The Hindu : Film Review: ''Dumm...Dumm...Dumm...'' |work=The Hindu |date=2001-04-20 |access-date=2013-06-11}}</ref> ''New Straits Times'' wrote "Dumm Dumm Dumm is a surprisingly good effort from a new director and one suspects Maniratnam had a close hand in guiding him".<ref>{{cite web| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=20010421&printsec=frontpage&hl=en| title = New Straits Times - Google News Archive Search| access-date = 7 May 2019| archive-date = 30 May 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220530031414/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=20010421&printsec=frontpage&hl=en| url-status = live}}</ref> Likewise, a reviewer from [[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] noted "Azhagam Perumal has shown a good grasp of the medium and the ability to finely blend the rustic charm and city slickness in a love story extracting fine performance from the lead pair, Madhavan and Jyothika."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.screenindia.com/20010427/tamil3.html |title = Screen the business of entertainment-Regional-Tamil-Preview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119152743/http://www.screenindia.com/20010427/tamil3.html |archive-date=19 November 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote "The tempo of the film has been maintained throughout as Selvaraj, Manirathnam and Alagam perumal have combined their brainwork very efficiently with regard to story, screenplay and direction. But more care could have been given to the final scenes. The Cinematography by Ramji and the edit by Sridhar Prasad are commendable."<ref>{{cite web|work=Cinesouth|url=http://cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/dumdum.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010624172705/http://cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/dumdum.shtml|title=டும் டும் டும்|archive-date=24 June 2001|access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''Kalki'' praised the performances of Madhavan, Jyothika and other actors and also praised the director for directing the film well.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]|language=ta|title=டும் டும் டும்|access-date=1 September 2023|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-04-29/page/82/mode/2up|pages=82–83|first=விஷுவல் |last=தாசன் |date=29 April 2001}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "The film has not much of a storyline but the director scores in the screenplay and makes an impact extracting good performances from the artistes. Karthik Raaja's music, Ramji's camera and good choreography add to the film's entertainment value".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/dumdum.html|title=Dum Dum Dum: A Real Enterainer|website=Indiainfo|access-date=8 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011214022551/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/dumdum.html|archive-date=14 December 2001}}</ref>

The film went on to become a commercially successful venture at the Tamil Nadu box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/18/stories/2002091800310200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701114213/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/18/stories/2002091800310200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-07-01 |title=Runaway success? |date=2002-09-18 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-06-11}}</ref> Subsequently, the film was later dubbed and released in Telugu as ''Dum Dum Dum''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-dumdumdum.html |title=Telugu Cinema — Review — Dum Dum Dum |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=2001-09-21 |access-date=2013-06-11 |archive-date=8 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165547/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-dumdumdum.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It subsequently was awarded with several [[Cinema Express Awards]] and was the most awarded film at the award function with Karthik Raja winning Best Tamil Music Director Award for his work.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/15meera.htm |title=rediff.com, Movies: Meena wins award for best actress |work=Rediff.com |date=2001-10-15 |access-date=2012-12-06 |archive-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018134128/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/15meera.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0386422|title=Dumm Dumm Dumm}}

{{Madras Talkies}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:2001 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2001 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Karthik Raja]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Mani Ratnam]]
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]
[[Category:Films about arranged marriage]]
[[Category:Madras Talkies films]]

Kerala Iyer

2026-03-24T11:40:47Z

Bsdmission: made a pg basic info.

{{Short description|Brahmin subcaste}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| image =
| group = Kerala Iyers
| pop =
| popplace = [[Palakkad district]], [[Kerala]] [[Travancore|Travancore Region]] ([[Thiruvananthapuram district]], [[Alappuzha district]]), Kerala [[Thrissur district]], Kerala [[Ernakulam district]], Kerala [[Calicut district]], Kerala{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
| languages = [[Malayalam]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Brahmin Tamil|Tamil]]
| religions = [[Hinduism]]
| related = [[Iyers]], [[Namboothiris]], [[Tamil Brahmin]]
}}

'''Kerala Iyers''', '''Pattars''' or '''Bhattars''' are [[Hindu]] [[Brahmins]] of the Indian state of [[Kerala]]; people who were residents in the Kerala region. The word "Pattar" originated from the [[Sanskrit]] word "[[Bhat]]", which is a common surname of [[North India|Northern]] Brahmin Clans. The community consists of two groups: the [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]] Iyers and the Iyers of the [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Travancore]] regions.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zamorins and the political culture of medieval Kerala|last=Haridas|first=V. V.|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2016|isbn=9788125061281|location=Hyderabad|page=36}}</ref>

Kerala Iyers, like the Iyers of Tamil Nadu and the [[Nambudiri]]s of Kerala, belonged to the [[Pancha-Dravida]] classification of India's Brahmin community. They mostly belonged to the [[Vadama]] and [[Brahacharanam]] sub-sects. Iyers were usually not recruited as the priest (shanthi) in Kerala temples which followed [[Tantra|Tantric]] rituals. So Iyers being Vedic scholars built their own temples in their [[Agraharams]] to conduct [[wikt:puja|puja]], since they followed different rituals and not the Tantric rituals of the Nambudiris.<ref>[http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Temples_of_Kerala Temples of Kerala]</ref>

== Brahmana Samooham ==
Where ever they settled, the Kerala Iyers lived together in communities. The settlement consisting of array of houses and other amenities developed by Tamil Brahmins in Kerala came to be known as [[Agraharam]] as in other parts of South India. Each Agraharam consist of two rows of houses facing each other. There is no courtyard but only common street. Several such Agraharams together form an organization called "Samooham".<ref>{{Cite book|title=People of India: Kerala, Volume-27, Part-3|last=Menon|first=T. Madhava|last2=Tyagi|first2=Deepak|last3=Kulirani|first3=B. Francis|publisher=Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.|year=2002|isbn=8185938997|location=New Delhi|pages=1396–97}}</ref>

== Palakkad Iyers ==
The Palakkad Iyers are the [[Iyer]]s, who settled in today's Palakkad region centuries before, during the rule of the Palakkad Kings. Their mother tongue is Tamil and they speak Malayalam outside their homes. The Palakkad Iyers were greatly affected by the Kerala [[Liberation Struggle (Kerala)|Agrarian Relations Bill]], (repealed in 1961 and substituted by [[Land reform in Kerala|The Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963]]) which abolished the [[tenancy]] system.<ref name="keralagovt_legislations">{{Cite web|url=http://niyamasabha.org/codes/bus_1_1.htm|title=Landmark Legislations - Land Reforms|access-date=2008-08-27|publisher=Kerala Legislative Assembly}}</ref>

== Travancore Iyers ==
During the rule of [[Travancore]] kings, many Iyers (Tamil Brahmins) migrated to [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Tamil Iyers migrated mostly from Tirunelveli to [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. The ancestors of the Thiruvananthapuram Iyers were brought from “Brahmadesam" (a village in Ambasamudram Taluk of Modern day Thirunelveli District in Tamil Nadu) by the Travancore Kings, to take part in the “Mura Japam” ritual of [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple|Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple]]. The Mura Japam ritual is a ritual where Brahmins with Sanskrit Veda knowledge participate.
The migration continued for decades, and thus Iyer population is concentrated around this temple in Thiruvananthapuram.They were given agraharams around the temple and the fort, as well as in Karamana Agraharam and Chalai Agraharam.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/homes-and-gardens/agraharams-on-the-way-out/article2305300.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=T. | last=Nandakumar | title=Agraharams on the way out?}}</ref>

== Notable people ==


* [[Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer]]
* [[Vidya Balan]]
* [[Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar]]
* [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
* [[Ranjani-Gayatri]]
* [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
* [[Apsara Iyer]]
* [[Divya S. Iyer]]
* [[Palghat Mani Iyer]]
* [[Shreyas Iyer]]
* [[Jayaram]]
* [[Ajith Kumar]]
* [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
* [[Priyamani]]
* [[Vivek Ramaswamy]]
* [[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]
* [[TN Seshan]]
* [[M. S. Thripunithura]]
* [[Trisha Krishnan]]
* [[V. R. Krishna Iyer]]

== Organization ==
The [[Kerala Brahmana Sabha]] is the apex organization of Kerala Iyers.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.keralaiyers.com Kerala Iyers Website]

[[Category:Tamil society]]
[[Category:Tamil Brahmins]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Kerala]]

Burari deaths

2026-03-23T14:00:03Z

Bsdmission: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|2018 mass suicide in Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Burari deaths
| location = Street 4 Sant Nagar [[Burari]], [[Delhi]], India
| date = 1 July 2018
| coordinates = {{coord|28|44|29|N|77|11|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Mass Suicide]], [[Strangulation]]
| fatalities = 11
| perps = Mostly Lalit
| numparts = 11
}}
The '''Burari deaths''' were a [[ritual suicide|ritual]] [[mass suicide]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/cctv-footage-shows-what-happened-moments-before-11-burari-deaths-1277850-2018-07-05 |title=CCTV footage shows what happened moments before 11 Burari deaths |website=India Today |date=5 July 2018 |access-date=18 July 2018 |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718174606/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/cctv-footage-shows-what-happened-moments-before-11-burari-deaths-1277850-2018-07-05 |url-status=live}}</ref> of eleven family members<ref name="auto">{{cite news |last=Bhandari |first=Hemani |date=16 July 2018 |title=Burari deaths: 11 bright people with one dark secret |newspaper=The Hindu |publisher= |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/11-bright-people-with-one-dark-secret/article24428709.ece |via=www.thehindu.com |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717042353/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/11-bright-people-with-one-dark-secret/article24428709.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> from [[Burari, Delhi|Burari]], India, in 2018. Ten people—ranging in age from 15 to 57 years old—were found [[Death by hanging|hanged]], while the oldest family member, the 80-year-old grandmother, was [[Strangulation|strangled]]. The bodies were found on 1 July 2018, in the early morning after the deaths. The police have ruled the deaths were motivated by [[Folie à deux|shared psychosis]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Burari deaths: Family may have been suffering from 'shared psychosis' |date=4 July 2018 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/burari-deaths-family-may-have-been-suffering-from-shared-psychosis/article24328224.ece |publisher= |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034720/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/burari-deaths-family-may-have-been-suffering-from-shared-psychosis/article24328224.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burari deaths: CCTV footage reveals more details of suicide plans |date=5 July 2018 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/burari-deaths-cctv-footage-reveals-more-details-of-suicide-plans/article24337886.ece |publisher= |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034723/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/burari-deaths-cctv-footage-reveals-more-details-of-suicide-plans/article24337886.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Background==
The Bhatia family,<ref name="auto"/> had lived in the three-story house<ref name=":3" /> in Burari's Sant Nagar neighbourhood for around twenty years, after moving from their native town in [[Tohana]], [[Haryana]]. The family ran a grocery shop and a plywood business in the area. The family consisted of:<ref name="ndtv.com"/>
*Narayani Devi (80), mother of Bhuvnesh, Lalit and Pratibha
*Pratibha Bhatia (57), widowed daughter of Narayani Devi
*Bhuvnesh (50, also spelled as Bhavnesh), elder son of Narayani Devi
*Lalit (45), younger son of Narayani Devi
*Savita (48), elder daughter-in-law of Narayani Devi, wife of Bhuvnesh
*Tina (42, also spelled as Teena), younger daughter-in-law of Narayani Devi, wife of Lalit
*Priyanka (33), only daughter of Pratibha
*Nitu (25, also spelled as Neetu), elder daughter of Bhuvnesh
*Monu (called "Menaka") (23), younger daughter of Bhuvnesh
*Dhruv (called "Dushyant") (15), only son and youngest child of Bhuvnesh
*Shivam (15), son of Lalit.

In 2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/week-long-thanksgiving-ritual-led-to-death-of-burari-family-suspect-delhi-police/story-hQuFQ6ws1N1jhY9GlHniaP.html |title=Burari hangings: Week-long 'thanksgiving ritual' led to deaths, Delhi police suspect |date=5 July 2018 |publisher= |access-date=13 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712060603/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/week-long-thanksgiving-ritual-led-to-death-of-burari-family-suspect-delhi-police/story-hQuFQ6ws1N1jhY9GlHniaP.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lalit's father Bhopal Singh died of [[natural causes]]. After the death of their father, Lalit became very introverted. One day, he told his family that he was [[Spirit possession|possessed]] by his father's soul, who advised him the ways to attain a good life. Since 2007, he along with Priyanka and Nitu had been maintaining a diary on his father's "instructions".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/burari-deaths-brother-said-fathers-soul-possessed-him-5243250/ |title=Burari deaths: Brother said father's soul possessed him, gave him directions |date=3 July 2018 |publisher= |access-date=7 July 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034716/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/burari-deaths-brother-said-fathers-soul-possessed-him-5243250/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Discovery of bodies==
On the morning of 1 July 2018 (at around 7:15 am), the neighbour Gurcharan Singh, who used to go on morning walks with one of the deceased, went to the residence. He noticed that Lalit was absent from the morning walk and that the shops were still closed. The shops usually opened between 5 and 5:30 am. Gurcharan Singh found the door of the house open and the ten people, including Lalit, hanging. He raised an alert by calling other neighbours. Police received the call around 7:30 am.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-11-members-of-a-family-found-dead-in-burari-investigation-on/articleshow/64812274.cms |title=Delhi: 11 members of a family found dead in Burari, investigation on |date=1 July 2018 |publisher= |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709160655/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-11-members-of-a-family-found-dead-in-burari-investigation-on/articleshow/64812274.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-burari-deaths-what-we-know-so-far/articleshow/64822236.cms |title=Delhi mystery deaths: What we know and what we don't |newspaper=Times of India |date=2 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803072533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-burari-deaths-what-we-know-so-far/articleshow/64822236.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Suicides==
Ten of the eleven people – two men, six women and two teens – were found hanging in the courtyard of the house. They were [[blindfolded]] and their mouths were taped. Some of the bodies had their hands and feet tied. The grandmother, 80-year-old Narayani Devi, was found dead in another room. It appeared that she had been strangled.<ref name="ndtv.com1">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-handwritten-notes-reveal-ghastly-details-occult-link-in-delhi-deaths-1876206 |title=11 Mass Dead In A Delhi Family, Handwritten Notes Offer Big Clue |publisher= |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709154120/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-handwritten-notes-reveal-ghastly-details-occult-link-in-delhi-deaths-1876206 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Members of the family were found hanging from a mesh in their ceiling in the hallway, all close together. Their faces were wrapped almost entirely, ears plugged with cotton, mouths taped and hands tied behind the back. There were five stools, probably shared by the 10 members.<ref name="ndtv.com2">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-delhi-family-found-hanging-thought-they-wouldnt-die-say-cops-10-facts-1876889 |title=10 People Shared 5 Stools In Delhi Family Hangings, Say Police: 10 Facts |publisher= |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709154606/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-delhi-family-found-hanging-thought-they-wouldnt-die-say-cops-10-facts-1876889 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/burari-deaths-one-family-member-042233121.html |title=Burari deaths: One family member tried stopping "ritual" while hanging |publisher= |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709155032/https://in.news.yahoo.com/burari-deaths-one-family-member-042233121.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Their faces were covered with cloth pieces cut from a single bed-sheet.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-one-person-stand-guard-while-others-hang-note-at-delhi-familys-home-1876736 |title=One Person Stand Guard While Others Hang: Note At Delhi Family's Home |publisher= |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153945/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-one-person-stand-guard-while-others-hang-note-at-delhi-familys-home-1876736 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Tommy, the pet dog of the family, was the only survivor in the house.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2018-07-02 |title=India mystery over Delhi's 'house of mass hangings' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44678679 |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> He was chained on the terrace and had a high fever when the police found him after discovering the 11 bodies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-03 |title=Burari deaths: Here's a look back at four cult-based mass suicides |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/burari-deaths-delhi-cult-based-mass-suicides-5243910/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407181129/https://indianexpress.com/article/research/burari-deaths-delhi-cult-based-mass-suicides-5243910/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It was not clear who tied him. He was later said to have been convalescing at [[Noida]]'s House of Stray Animals, where he was taken immediately after being rescued.

==Investigation==
Evidence found in the house pointed to [[mass suicide]] for [[occult]] reasons. [[Post-mortem examination]] of the bodies found no signs of struggle.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Burari News {{!}} Burari Deaths Case: 11 bodies, a pet dog and a mysterious diary |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/et-explains/11-bodies-one-pet-dog-and-a-mysterious-diary-the-curious-case-of-burari-deaths-explained/articleshow/64823979.cms |access-date=2022-02-23 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223075910/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/et-explains/11-bodies-one-pet-dog-and-a-mysterious-diary-the-curious-case-of-burari-deaths-explained/articleshow/64823979.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the public nature of the case, pressure from hardline groups, and accusations of coverup from relatives, police initially recorded the case as a murder and investigated the possibility of a murder motivated by non-occult reasons.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-murder-case-filed-after-11-of-family-found-dead-in-delhi-home-1876139 |title=Occult Angle Suspected After Family Of 11 Found Dead In Delhi Home |publisher= |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034718/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-murder-case-filed-after-11-of-family-found-dead-in-delhi-home-1876139 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/bhatia-diaries-hint-at-ritual-to-free-spirits-from-their-house/articleshow/64876367.cms |title=Bhatia diaries hint at ritual to free 'spirits' from their house - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 July 2018 |publisher= |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/bhatia-diaries-hint-at-ritual-to-free-spirits-from-their-house/articleshow/64876367.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/burari-family-of-11-waited-for-god-to-save-them-instead-got-death/story-bvzsc2kc75x8sVlWbyAsWJ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702155626/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/burari-family-of-11-waited-for-god-to-save-them-instead-got-death/story-bvzsc2kc75x8sVlWbyAsWJ.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 July 2018 |title=Burari family of 11 waited for God to save them, instead got death |date=2 July 2018 |publisher=}}</ref>

Police found 11 diaries in the house, all of them were maintained for eleven years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/11-deaths-11-diaries-11-years-burari-s-number-mystery-foxes-all/story-TRGD6sUyvOIS7MD5hulAiJ.html |title=11 deaths, 11 diaries, 11 years: Burari's number mystery foxes all |date=5 July 2018 |publisher= |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705060945/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/11-deaths-11-diaries-11-years-burari-s-number-mystery-foxes-all/story-TRGD6sUyvOIS7MD5hulAiJ.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/eleven-people-11-diaries-11-pipes-buraris-number-mystery-1878021 |title=Eleven People, 11 Diaries, 11 Pipes - Burari's Number Mystery |publisher= |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709185733/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/eleven-people-11-diaries-11-pipes-buraris-number-mystery-1878021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime) Alok Kumar stated: "We have found handwritten notes detailing how hands and legs were tied and are quite similar to the manner in which the bodies of 10 persons are found. They are exhaustive notes and we are studying them."<ref name="ndtv.com1"/>

Details written in the diaries match how the bodies were found, with their faces covered, mouths taped, and cotton balls in ears. The bodies were discovered hanged in batches of three, which is what the diaries also state. The diary stated that the ''Bebe'' (elderly woman) could not stand and hence should be lying on the bed, which was consistent with the discovery of her being found strangled on the bed.<ref name=":0" /> The diary also mentions: "everyone will tie their own hands and when the kriya (ritual) is done then everyone will help each other untie their hands", indicating that the family was not expecting to die.<ref name="ndtv.com2"/>

== Role of Lalit Bhatia==
Handwriting analysis revealed that these diaries were written by Priyanka (the daughter of Pratibha) and Nitu (the elder daughter of Bhuvnesh), but were supposedly believed by them to be dictated to Lalit by his late father's spirit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-11 |title=Businessman said father's spirit warned Burari family about mistakes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-notes-recovered-say-family-may-not-see-next-diwali-talks-of-wandering-souls/story-U4lwDCCVptCMKx954oaWiO.html |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223085052/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/burari-deaths-notes-recovered-say-family-may-not-see-next-diwali-talks-of-wandering-souls/story-U4lwDCCVptCMKx954oaWiO.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lalit is believed to have masterminded the incident.<ref name=":1" /> The crime branch believes that Lalit alone was responsible for tying the hands and legs of the family members. Lalit had told the family members that the soul of his father had entered his body in order to get the family to follow him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-08 |title=SUNDAY FEATURE {{!}} 11 Deaths, 1 House, No Killer: All of Burari Knows the Family Didn't Want to Die |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/11-deaths-1-house-no-killer-all-of-burari-knows-the-family-didnt-want-to-die-1804745.html |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223085048/https://www.news18.com/news/india/11-deaths-1-house-no-killer-all-of-burari-knows-the-family-didnt-want-to-die-1804745.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Psychological view==
According to psychologists,{{who|date=November 2025}} this sequence of events can be caused by 'shared psychotic disorder', where members blindly follow the instructions of one among them. They propose that Lalit had a 'delusional disorder’. However, their elder brother who stays in Rajasthan, believes that this was a well planned murder and not a suicide. He stated that if this whole event was done by Lalit and his wife, then their hands should be open instead of tied.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/burari-diaries-what-happened-in-the-house-where-11-of-family-were-found-dead/story-kUa5qSZhyNXQotEzPApHeL.html |title=Reincarnation, rituals and religion: The unsolved mysteries of Burari deaths |date=7 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710011030/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/burari-diaries-what-happened-in-the-house-where-11-of-family-were-found-dead/story-kUa5qSZhyNXQotEzPApHeL.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* The 845th episode of the Indian crime television show called ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'' is based on the Burari deaths.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
* Three-part [[true crime]] docu-series titled ''[[House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths]]'' is based on the case. Created by [[Leena Yadav]] and Anubhav Chopra, the series premiered on [[Netflix]] on 8 October 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/netflix-searching-for-sheela-burari-deaths-indian-predator-crime-stories-india-detectives-documentaries-2382219 |title=Netflix Unveils 4 Indian Documentaries – From Karan Johar, Leena Yadav, Vice, and India Today |last=Arora |first=Akhil |website=NDTV |date=3 March 2021 |access-date=7 March 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306023309/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/netflix-searching-for-sheela-burari-deaths-indian-predator-crime-stories-india-detectives-documentaries-2382219 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=House of Secrets The Burari Deaths director Leena Yadav: 'The mind behind the crime is the biggest catch' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/house-of-secrets-the-burari-deaths-netflix-leena-yadav-7562608/ |access-date=2021-10-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062412/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/house-of-secrets-the-burari-deaths-netflix-leena-yadav-7562608/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Why House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths is the best Indian true crime documentary on Netflix |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/why-house-of-secrets-the-burari-deaths-is-the-best-indian-true-crime-docuseries-on-netflix/cid/1881284 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407181527/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/why-house-of-secrets-the-burari-deaths-is-the-best-indian-true-crime-docuseries-on-netflix/cid/1881284 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Disney+ Hotstar]] has released a series titled ''[[Aakhri Sach]]'' starring [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] and [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] which is loosely based on this incident.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=Aakhri Sach trailer: Tamannaah Bhatia plays dedicated cop who is trying to find the 'missing element' in case which shook the nation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aakhri-sach-trailer-tamannaah-bhatia-plays-dedicated-cop-8888167/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811160118/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aakhri-sach-trailer-tamannaah-bhatia-plays-dedicated-cop-8888167/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[The Great Indian Suicide]]'' was released on 6 October 2023 on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] based on the Burari death incident.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Aha announces mystery thriller The Great Indian Suicide |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Sep/26/aha-announces-mystery-thriller-the-great-indian-suicide-48042.html |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gaanth Chapter 1: Jamnaa Paar]], a JioCinema web-series released on Jun 11, 2024 is based on this incident.
* Vallathoru Kadha by Babu Ramachandran, Video Journalist Episode No:5 is based on Burari Deaths, it is featured in Malayalam.

==See also==
* [[Folie à deux]]
* [[2007 Mymensingh mass suicide]], similar incident in Bangladesh

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mass suicide}}

[[Category:2018 suicides]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:2010s in Delhi]]
[[Category:July 2018 in India]]
[[Category:June 2018 in India]]
[[Category:Mass suicides]]
[[Category:Psychosis]]
[[Category:Suicides in India]]

Kashmir Martyrs' Day

2026-03-22T19:58:33Z

Bsdmission: added some entry basic info

{{Short description|Commemoration of a 1931 massacre}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = 
| native_name = کٲشِرؠ شَہیٖدَن ہُینٛد دۄہ یومِ شہداءِ کشمیر
| native_name_lang = Ks
| logo =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_size =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| status = Officially inactive in India since 2019; Pakistan still observes it
| genre = Remembrance
| date = 13 July
| frequency = Annually
| country =
| years_active =
| first = {{start date|df=yes|1931|07|13}}
| founder_name = [[All India Kashmir Committee]]
| last = {{start date|2019|12}}
| participants =
| activity =
| leader_name =
| patron =
| people =
| sponsor = 
| website = 
| current =
| footnotes = Part of the [[1931 Kashmir agitation]]
}}

'''Kashmir''' '''Martyrs' Day''' ([[Urdu]]: {{Lang|ur|یومِ شہداءِ کشمیر}} Transliteration. ''Youm-e-Shuhada-e-Kashmir<ref name=":5" />''), ({{Langx|Ks|کٲشِرؠ شَہیٖدَن ہُینٛد دۄہ}} Transliteration: ''Keashir Shaheendan Hyund Doah)'' or '''Kashmir Day''',{{Efn|Originally "Kashmir Day" was chosen as 14 August by a committee formed on the invitation of the head of the Ahmadiyya in Punjab [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad|Hadhrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad]]. The committee was the [[All India Kashmir Committee]] of which [[Muhammad Iqbal]] was a member.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Zutshi|first=Chitralekha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnxJDwAAQBAJ&q=13+July+1931+kashmir&pg=PT268|title=Kashmir's Contested Pasts: Narratives, Geographies, and the Historical Imagination|date=2014-07-09|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-908936-9|language=en|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629085946/https://books.google.com/books?id=FnxJDwAAQBAJ&q=13+July+1931+kashmir&pg=PT268|url-status=live}}</ref>|name=|group=}} was an official state holiday observed in [[Kashmir]] in remembrance of 21 Muslims killed on 13 July 1931 by [[Dogra Dynasty|Dogra]] forces of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]] in [[British India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Radha|title=Paradise at War: A Political History of Kashmir|publisher=Aleph|year=2018|isbn=9789388292122|location=New Delhi|pages=25–27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=WANI|first=PROF GULL MOHAMMAD|title=Martyr's Day: History From Below|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/editorial-page/martyrs-day-history-from-below|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Greater Kashmir|date=12 July 2021|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713112439/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/editorial-page/martyrs-day-history-from-below|url-status=live}}</ref>

On that day, [[Kashmiri Muslims]] were offering prayers outside the [[Srinagar]] Central Jail, where Abdul Qadeer, who had called on Kashmiris to rise against the rule of the [[Hari Singh]]. As the crowd grew restless and the Islamic call to prayer was started, the [[Dogras|Dogra]] army opened fire, killing the person giving the Azan. Following this, another person continues giving the Azan, and was also killed. In total 23 were killed in attempts to finish the Azan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/martyrs-day-observed-in-kashmir-leaders-pay-tribute/article18460308.ece|title=Martyrs' Day observed in Kashmir, leaders pay tribute|date=2006-07-14|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-13|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629085945/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/martyrs-day-observed-in-kashmir-leaders-pay-tribute/article18460308.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakravarty |first=Ipsita |date=2015-07-14 |title=Who owns the memories of July 13, 1931? In J&K, it is a divisive question |url=https://scroll.in/article/741013/who-owns-the-memories-of-july-13-1931-in-j-k-it-is-a-divisive-question |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en |quote=On that day in 1931, a crowd of protesters had gathered around the Central Jail in Srinagar to witness the execution of Abdul Qadeer, who had exhorted Kashmiris to rise against the rule of the Dogra maharajas. As the crowd grew restive, Dogra armies opened fire, killing 22.}}</ref> The crowds buried the bodies of those killed by the state forces in the graveyard attached to the Shrine of Khwaja Bahawuddin Naqshbandi ([[Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab]]) in Srinagar, which has since come to be known as Mazar-e-Shuhada or the Martyrs' Graveyard.<ref name=":0" />

The day was removed as an official holiday of Jammu and Kashmir by the [[Government of India]] in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 December 2019|title=NC founder's anniversary off J&K holiday list|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nc-founders-anniversary-off-jk-holiday-list/articleshow/73013114.cms|access-date=2019-12-29|website=The Times of India|archive-date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404083741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nc-founders-anniversary-off-jk-holiday-list/articleshow/73013114.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the [[Government of Pakistan]] still marks the day.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-13|others=Additional reporting by Naveed Siddiqui.|title=Kashmir Martyrs Day: PM Imran pays tribute to Kashmiris for 'valiantly fighting' Hindutva regime|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1568737|access-date=2020-12-20|website=DAWN|language=en|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926075028/https://www.dawn.com/news/1568737|url-status=live}}</ref>

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| direction = vertical
| total_width =
| image1 = Martyrs Graveyard.JPG
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab.JPG
| caption2 =
| footer = Martyrs Graveyard at [[Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab]]
| width1 = 220
| width2 = 220
}}

== Background ==
GM Lone writes in ''[[Kashmir Life]]'' that four incidents occurring in quick succession resulted in the tragedy of 13 July:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lone|first=G M|date=2014-07-13|title=13 July 1931: A Chapter of Kashmir|url=https://kashmirlife.net/13-july-1931-a-chapter-of-kashmir-61908/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716084641/https://kashmirlife.net/13-july-1931-a-chapter-of-kashmir-61908/|archive-date=16 July 2016|access-date=2020-12-20|website=Kashmir Life|language=en-GB}}</ref>

In the first case, a Hindu
businessman in Udhampur had converted to Islam. His property was taken from him and given to his brother. A suit filed was dismissed with remarks that unless he re-entered the Hindu faith, he was not entitled to any property. This was done in accordance with a decree issued by the Dogra Government on 31 December 1882.<ref name=":1" />

In the second case, on 29 April 1931, Muslims were stopped from continuing with [[Khutbah]] after police intervened. Following an outburst by Mir Hussain Bakhsh related to excessive interference in religious matters by the King, a protest was held at the main masjid in the city. Following this, protests against the administration became more frequent.<ref name=":1" />

In the third case, on 4 June in the Central Jail Jammu, police constable Fazal Dad Khan's copy of Panjsurah (five chapters from the ''Quran'') was thrown away in "recklessness" by a sub-inspector. Fazal Dad approached the Mosque.<ref name=":1" /> The fourth incident took place in Srinagar on 20 June 1931 when leaves of the [[Quran]] were found in a public lavatory.<ref name=":1" />

In his work "Inside Kashmir" date 1941, [[Prem Nath Bazaz]] writes, "The driving force behind the mass agitation till the 13th July was the discontent among the rank and file of the Muslims. [...] those who laid down their lives at the jail gate did so fighting against an unsympathetic government [...].<ref name=":1" />

== Abdul Qadeer ==
[[File:Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01 (cropped).JPG|thumb|''[[Khanqah-e-Moula|Kanqah-i-Maula]]'', the location where Abdul Qadeer made the speech which got him arrested.]]
Abdul Qadeer Khan was an employee of an English army officer, Major Butt of the [[Yorkshire Regiment]] posted at [[Peshawar]], who was taking a vacation in Kashmir. Abdul Qadeer's place of origin is uncertain.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Khalid Bashir |title=Kashmir : exposing the myth behind the narrative |date=2017 |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9789353280253 |page=95n2}}</ref> He had been attending the protest meetings and at [[Khanqah-e-Moula|Khanqah-i-Maula]], on 21 June 1931, he was unable to suppress his feelings, which resulted in his impromptu address to the crowd.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahmad|first=Khalid Bashir|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txtBDwAAQBAJ&q=13+July+1931+kashmir&pg=PT140|title=Kashmir: Exposing the Myth behind the Narrative|date=2017-06-23|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-86062-81-9|language=en|chapter=5}}</ref>

Rashid Taseer in his "Tarikh-i-Hurriyat", recorded his speech as:<ref>Rashid Taseer in his ''Tarikh-i-Hurriyat'' (page no 96)</ref>

{{Blockquote|text="Muslim brothers: the time has now come when we should not meet force by great force to put an end to the tyrannies and brutalities to which you are subjected, nor will they solve the issue of disrespect to Holy Quran to your satisfaction. You must rely up on your own strength and wage a relentless war against oppression"; pointing his finger towards the palace he shouted, : "raze it to the ground". He said, "We have no machine guns. But we have plenty of stones and brickbats."|title=|source=}}

His speech was recorded by the authorities and a few days later, on 25 June, he was arrested. He was charged with "sedition" and "wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot" under the [[Ranbir Penal Code]]. His trial started on 4 July in the Court of the Sessions Judge, Srinagar. During the four hearings on 4, 6, 7 and 9 July, a large number of Muslims gathered in the compound of the Court to witness this trial.<ref name=":1" />

== 13 July 1931 ==
{{Further|1931 Kashmir agitation}}
On 13 July 1931, Khan's trial continued in Srinagar Jail. Combining police and jail forces, there were about 160 policemen of various ranks. Out of these at least 31 were armed with guns. About 4000 to 5000 people had turned up to witness the trial. They were denied entry into the compound. However about 200 nevertheless entered and remained inside peacefully.<ref name=":1" /> Khan's lawyers spoke with the crowd, who agreed to return home after the noon prayer.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Khalid Bashir |title=Kashmir : exposing the myth behind the narrative |date=2017 |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9789353280253 |page=107}}</ref> At noon, Muslims lined up for prayers. Shortly after this, the arrival of officials including the District Magistrate and Superintendent of Police caused commotion. Slogans such as ''"Allah-o-Akbar-'' ''Islam Zindabad"'' and "''Abdul Qadeer Zindabad''" were shouted.

As the call to prayer began, Governor Raizada Trilok Chand ordered the armed police to open fire. Police directed their first bullets at the [[muezzin]], who died instantly. Another muezzin attempted to finish the [[adhan]] and was also shot dead on the spot, after which police fired indiscriminately.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Khalid Bashir |title=Kashmir : exposing the myth behind the narrative |date=2017 |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9789353280253 |page=105}}</ref> Soon the police charged with batons and the people fought with stone, bats, and hand-to-hand fighting. In the commotion a gun was snatched by a member in the crowd, and he was in turn shot dead by a policeman.<ref name=":1" /> According to the evidence officially placed before the Dalal Inquiry Commission (Srinagar Riot Enquiry Committee),{{Sfn|Dalal|Sawhny|Qayoom|1931|p=}} 180 rounds were fired. Seventeen Muslims were killed on the spot and forty received serious injuries, five of whom died later. According to [[The Hindu]], the Daily Tribune dated 28 July 1931 reported the deaths of 21 Muslims in the firing.<ref name=":1" />

GS Raghavan described 13 July 1931, in his book ''The Warning From Kashmir:<ref name=":5" />''

{{Blockquote|text="The hearing in jail fell on 13th July. On that day, a mob stormed the jail and demanded admittance [...] gates had been forced and the inner gates were attacked. At the suggestion of the Judge, two Muslim lawyers, representing the accused, harangued the visitors to go out of the Jail precincts. Finding that there was no possibility of ingress, the crowd went out and started stoning officials and set fire to the police lines. The police force was then called in. All efforts to pacify the unruly mob proved futile.[...] The crowd stoned the policemen and the prisoners were liberated. [...] the District Magistrate directed fire to be opened. The crowd fell off but later it re-assembled and resumed stoning. It had to be dispersed with a Lathi charge. [...] the cavalry had to pursue it and disperse it again. [...] loot over an extensive area followed [...] pandemonium prevailed."|author=|title=|source=}}The crowds buried the bodies in the graveyard of the Shrine of Khwaja Bahawuddin Naqshbandi ([[Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab]]) in Srinagar, which has since come to be known as Mazar-e-Shuhada or the Martyrs' Graveyard.<ref name=":0" />

== Commentary ==
Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta, the author of "Jammu and Kashmir", wrote "[…] modern Kashmir's 'freedom movement' was born on 13 July 1931".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Jyoti Bhusan Das|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ&q=13+July+1931+kashmir&pg=PA56|title=Jammu and Kashmir|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-94-011-9231-6|pages=56|language=en}}</ref> [[Prem Nath Bazaz]] wrote "Historically and politically, 13th July 1931 was the most important day in the annals of contemporary Kashmir. From this day the struggle for independence and freedom in the most modern sense started openly".<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Para|first=Altaf Hussain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQB-DwAAQBAJ|title=The Making of Modern Kashmir: Sheikh Abdullah and the Politics of the State|date=2018-12-07|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-65734-4|language=en|chapter=3|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=12 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212073542/https://books.google.com/books?id=dQB-DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sheikh Abdullah]] compared the day with the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Jallianwala Bagh Massacre]].<ref name=":4" /> Chitralekha Zutshi however emphasized the "multi-casualty of the incident" and that the incident was "an outcome of the socio economic and socio political crisis in Kashmir".<ref name=":4" />

== Aftermath ==
The Reading Room Party, in protest of the killings, announced a statewide shutdown. At a public meeting at the Martyrs' Graveyard, Sheikh Abdullah announced that 13 July, henceforth, would be Martyr's Day. Amidst the following unrest, arrests included those of Sheikh Abdullah and [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]].<ref name=":0" />

The aftermath of 13 July resulted in Maharaja Hari Singh appointing a commission to look into Muslim grievances chaired by B J Glancy. B J Glancy was also given the task of democratizing the monarchy. This resulted in the suggestion to set up a legislative assembly which would materialize in 1934.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
{{Observances in Kashmir, Jammu}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
* {{Cite report|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.504451|title=Report Of The Srinagar Riot Enquiry Committee (1931-1988)|last1=Dalal|first1=Barjor|last2=Sawhny|first2=BR|date=24 September 1931|publisher=Pratap Government Press|location=Srinagar|last3=Qayoom|first3=Abdul|access-date=12 December 2020|via=archive.org/ Alama Iqbal Library, University of Kashmir}}
** {{Cite report|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.503964|title=Evidence Recorded In Public By The Srinagar Riots Enquiry Committee (1931)|date=1931|publisher=The Ranbir Government Press|location=Jammu|access-date=21 December 2020|via=archive.org/Allam Iqbal Library Kashmir University}}

== External links ==

*[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/nc-posts-1931-picture-to-recall-kashmirs-struggle-for-dignity-and-identity-112328 NC posts 1931 picture to recall Kashmir's "struggle for dignity and identity"]. ''The Tribune''. 13 July 2020.
*Manu Khajuria (13 July 2019). [https://www.dailyo.in/politics/13-july-1931-kashmir-martyrs-day-terrorism-in-kashmir-kashmir-s-displaced-hindus/story/1/31458.html July 13, 1931: Not Martyrs Day but Black Day for the Hindu narrative in Jammu and Kashmir]. ''DailyO''
*Sanatan Dharam YMA (24 October 1931) [31 October 2020]. [https://kashmirlife.net/1931-a-memorandum-issue-30-vol-12-250439/ 1931 – A Memorandum]. ''Kashmir Life''
{{Kashmir conflict}}

[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]]
[[Category:Observances in India]]
[[Category:Observances in Pakistan]]
[[Category:July observances]]
[[Category:Observances of the Kashmir conflict]]

Ampittia subvittatus

2026-03-22T10:01:55Z

Bsdmission: created a article

{{short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Close wing mud-puddling of Ampittia subvittatus (Moore, 1878) – Tiger Hopper--WLB DSC 1538-01.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| status =
| status_system =
| status_ref =
| genus = Ampittia
| species = subvittatus
| parent_authority = [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1882
| authority = [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1878
| synonyms =
*''Ochus subvittatus''
| synonyms_ref =
}}

'''''Ampittia subvittatus''''', the '''tiger hopper''', is a species in the genus '''''[[Ampittia]]''''' of the family [[Hesperiidae]]. The species was [[species description|first described]] by [[Frederic Moore]] in 1878. It is found in the [[Khasi Hills]] and [[Naga Hills]] of India, [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Yunnan]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{LepIndex |id=185854 |access-date=August 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Savela |editor-first=Markku |date=April 15, 2012 |url=https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/hesperiinae/ochus/ |title=''Ochus'' de Nicéville, 1894 |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=August 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pitkin |first1=Brian |last2=Jenkins |first2=Paul |name-list-style=amp |date=November 5, 2004 |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/butmoth/search/GenusDetails.dsml?NUMBER=20010.0 |title=''Ochus'' de Nicéville, 1894 |website=Butterflies and Moths of the World |publisher=[[Natural History Museum, London]] |doi=10.5519/s93616qw |access-date=August 22, 2020}}</ref>

== Wingspan ==
The wingspan of the tiger hopper is {{convert|20-25|mm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book|last1=Kehimkar|first1=Isaac|title=BNHS Field Guides: Butterflies of India|year=2016|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|location=Mumbai|page=87|isbn=9789384678012}}</ref>

== Subspecies ==
The subspecies of ''Ampittia subvittatus'' found in India is:<ref>{{cite web |title=''Ampittia subvittatus'' (Moore, 1878) – Tiger Hopper |url=http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/717/Ampittia-subvittatus |website=Butterflies of India |access-date=18 August 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Ampittia subvittatus subradiatus]]'' Moore, 1878 – Khasi tiger hopper

==Distribution==
This species is found from [[Sikkim]] to [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in [[India]], and in [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]] and several places in [[Myanmar]].<ref name="Asiatic Society of Bengal">{{cite journal |title=On the Rhopalocerous Lepidoptera of Cachar |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=55 |issue=2 |date=1887 |publisher=J.W. Thomas |location=Calcutta |page=392 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofasiatic55unse}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Description==
{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}
[[File:Mating pair of Ampittia subvittatus (Moore, 1878) - Tiger Hopper.jpg|thumb|Mating pair of tiger hopper]]
Both wings of upside are iridescent [[Van Dyke brown]]. In the [[forewing]], several bright yellow streaks divided by the veins placed obliquely beyond the end of the cell; or even immaculate; with all the cilia are lighter yellow than the spots when present and broadly interested with the brown opposite to the end of the veins. In underside, both wings and the bases of the [[cilia]] are rich in Van Dyke brown throughout with darker than the above; veined and margined with rich chrome yellow.<ref name="Hesperiidae Indica"/>

In the forewing the [[Costa (entomology)|costal]] margin is little beyond its middle, the costal and [[subcosta]]l [[nervule]]s to the costal and outer margins. The extremity of the third median nervule veined, and the external machines, and the extremity of the third median nervule veined, and the outer margin bordered, with chrome-yellow, so that the wings may be described as increasingly bordered from base to the apex, and increasingly from the apex to the sub-median nervule with yellow streaked with dark brown.<ref name="Hesperiidae Indica"/>

The [[hindwing]] is yellow bordered, with the yellow veins broadly pointed on both sides with yellow.<ref name="Hesperiidae Indica"/>

The upperside of the head, thorax and the abdomen are dark Van Dyke brown with a yellow underside.<ref name="Hesperiidae Indica">{{Cite book |last1=Watson |first1=E. Y. |author-link=Edward Yerbury Watson |title=Hesperiidae Indica: Being a Reprint of Descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma and Ceylon |year=1891 |publisher=Vest and Company |location=Madras |page=69}}</ref>

==Habit and habitat==
The tiger hopper is mostly found in the high evergreen forests that experience ample rainfall. It prefers to fly close to the ground. The flight is weak and follow the fluttering pattern. Shaded or semi-shaded forest tracks are its preferred area. Males are sometimes found [[Mud-puddling|puddling]] in damp soil or wet rock. Females are hardly seen. They also spotted basking in the sun, opening their wings.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="A Naturalist's Guide to Butterflies of Indian (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka">{{Cite book |last1=Smetacek |first1=Peter |title=A Naturalist's Guide to Butterflies of Indian (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) |year=2014 |publisher=Prakash Books India Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |page=93 |isbn=978-817599406-5}}</ref>

==Seasonality==
The flight period for the tiger hopper is from April to October.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Taxonbar |from1=Q13856481|from2=Q7076450|from3=Q87950327}}

[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]
[[Category:Grass skippers]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1878]]

{{Hesperiinae-stub}}

Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat

2026-03-19T21:28:54Z

Bsdmission: Content updated and refined

{{short description|Indian Hindi-language thriller anthology television show}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat.jpg
| runtime = 52 minutes
| creator =
| creative_director = {{ubl|Prashant Bhatt|[[Nivedita Basu]]|Preet Shetty}}
| writer =
| story = Al-Raines [[Mushtaq Shiekh]]
| screenplay = Al-Raines Mushtaq Shiekh Jainesh Ejardar Bobby Bhonsle
| director = {{ubl|[[Anurag Basu]]|[[Santram Varma]]|Garry Bhinder|Yash Chauhan|Deepak Chavan}}
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| editor = Vinay Malu Dhirendra Singh
| cinematography = Sanjay Memane
| music = Aashish Rego
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2002|08|16}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/4783_sony-concentrates-on-the-weekend |title=Sony concentrates on the weekend |website=afaqs.com |date=21 August 2002 |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2004|05|09}}
| num_episodes = 252
}}

'''''Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat''''' ({{Translation|''What is fiction, what is reality''}}) is an Indian [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[anthology]] television show that was first broadcast on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] from 16 August 2002 to 9 May 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Week-end television creates Sunday blues|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Week-end-television-creates-Sunday-blues/articleshow/27005271.cms|website=The Times of India|date=3 November 2002 }}</ref> The broadcast consisted mainly of short stories in a mini format. The series went on hiatus from 9 February 2003 to 16 March 2003 due to the live telecast of [[2003 Cricket World Cup]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/feb/feb179.htm |title='Kya Haadsa Kya Haqeeqat' back on air on SET, 21 March |website=indiantelevision.com |date=27 February 2003|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/2107_sony-launches-new-age-woman-oriented-drama |title=Sony launches new-age woman oriented drama |website=afaqs.com |date=3 March 2004 |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/kya-hadsaa-kya-haqeeqat/article28571393.ece | title=Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat | newspaper=The Hindu | date=22 August 2002 }}</ref>

==Story==

Episode 1–29

The story follows trials and tribulations of a gullible, young woman, Nikki, who leaves her hometown to start life afresh in a big city. Unfortunately, her unpleasant past follows her and she soon finds herself caught in a vortex of complex twists and turns and begins to fear for her safety. She realizes that reality can be stranger than fiction. Nikki is stalked by a hooded killer who, one by one, kills everyone around Nikki. Eventually Nikki meets dashing police inspector Raj and marries him. He vows to protect her, but then she realizes one shocking truth after another — neither can she trust her new family nor her own as everyone has secrets to hide and hidden agenda. Left to herself, Nikki has to expose dark shocking secrets before the killer gets her.

Finally, Nikki realises that the unpleasant past was not due to her boyfriend Raj but her father as an imposter who had made all the arrangements to kill her to usurp her property. The imposter was already married to someone else. Niki didn't have her mother since childhood but later found out that the imposter has made her mother mad and admitted to an asylum.

==Cast==
{{cleanup|section|reason=This is a cast list, not an episode list. The section is not currently in compliance with [[WP:TVCAST]]. Section needs to be brought into compliance with community standards. Section also contains some poorly-explained information that requires clarification.|date=June 2020}}
1. Hadsaa (Episode 1 - episode 29)

* [[Pallavi Kulkarni]] / [[Geetanjali Tikekar]] as Neonika "Nikki" Chatterjee
* [[Rajeev Khandelwal]] as Inspector Raj Karmarkar: Nikki's husband
* [[Sumeet Sachdev]] as Rohit: Nikki's boyfriend and fiancé
* [[Smriti Irani]] as Smriti Karmarkar: Raj's fake younger sister
* [[Vishal Kotian]] as Veeru
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Kanchan Bai: Raj and Smriti's fake mother
* [[Dolly Bindra]] as Sweety
* Ravee Gupta as Jaya: Raj's girlfriend
* [[Naseer Abdullah]] as Vikas: Rohit's step-father
* Madan Joshi as Mr. Karmarkar: Raj and Smriti's fake father
* Tejal Shah as Garima
* Nilofer Khan as Shweta Karmarkar
* Smita Kalpavriksha Gupta
* [[Rucha Gujarathi]]
* [[Prithvi Zutshi]]
* [[Amrita Prakash]] as Neonika's younger sister
* Sumein Bhat
* [[Digangana Suryavanshi]]

2. Kaali Shakti (Episode 30 - episode 47)
* [[Kiran Dubey]] as Avni
* Monalika Bhonsle as Shama
* [[Divya Khosla Kumar]] as Sameera
* Nikhil Arya as Kabir
* [[Zarina Wahab]] as Avni's mother
* [[Durga Jasraj]] as Chandni/Chandaalika

3. Kash-m-kash (Episode 48 to Episode 73)
* [[Alihassan Turabi]] as Kushal
* [[Poonam Joshi]] as Pragati
* Kanika Kohli as Niyati
* [[Namrata Thapa]] as Malini
* [[Ritu Shivpuri]] as Nisha: a ghost
* [[Sudesh Berry]] as Professor Chatterjee

4. Kaboo (Episode 74 to Episode 98)
* [[Shilpa Saklani]] as Pooja
* [[Rakshanda Khan]] as Devyani, an evil spirit who is also Pooja's best friend
* Siddharth Choudhary as Vikram: Pooja's husband
* Vishal Watwani as Karan: Pooja's cousin
* [[Pratima Kazmi]] as Bhaarini Tantrik
* [[Neelam Mehra]] as Vikram's mother
* [[Pooja Gandhi]] as Nikita
* Radhakrishna Dutta as Vikram's father
* Madhumalati Kapoor as Beeji
* Nitin Trivedi as Guruji
* [[Sonia Singh]]
* [[Namrata Thapa]]
* Prabhat Bhattacharya
* Harish Shetty

5. Kalpanik (Episode 99 to Episode 111)
* Amita Chandekar as Reva
* [[Ishita Sharma]] as Deepti: A ghost
* [[Karanvir Bohra]] / [[Amit Sadh]] as Rohan: Reva's friend
* [[Jayati Bhatia]] as Malati: Reva and Rashmi's mother
* [[Chetan Pandit]] as Lalit: Reva and Rashmi's father
* Aparna Jaywant as Rashmi: Reva's younger sister
* Rio Kapadia as Kishore
* Nayan Bhatt as Shobhna
* Tuhina Vohra as Ritu: Shobhna's younger sister
* Pratichi Mishra as Reva's paternal aunt
* Madhuri Bhatia as Sheela
* Vishal Sablani as Atish: Kishore and Shobhna's younger son
* [[Murli Sharma]] as Inspector
* [[Gajendra Chauhan]] as Pandit Ji
* Prakash Ramchandani

6. Kayamath (Episode 112 to Episode 130)
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Natesh:A devil
* [[Mayuri Kango]] as Sakshi: Natesh's wife
* Prabhat Bhattacharya as Saket: Natesh's fake elder brother
* [[Urvashi Dholakia]] as Mohini/ Mahachandalika:Saket's fake wife
* [[Kali Prasad Mukherjee]] as Netri
* [[Shama Deshpande]] as Natesh and Saket's fake mother
* [[Kamalika Guha Thakurta]] as Shalaka
* Kusumit Sana as Natesh and Saket's fake younger sister
7.Karzz<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/aug/aug1.htm |title=SET launches 7th 'Kya Haadsa..' series show 'Karzz' |website=indiantelevision.com |date=1 August 2003 |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> (Episode 131 to Episode 141)
* Kiran Dubey as Nishita Nakul Kapoor, reincarnated version of Charulata
* [[Rohit Roy]] as Nakul Kapoor, reincarnated version of Thakur Rajveer
* [[Ashlesha Sawant]] as Sonia Amar Mehra, reincarnated version of Vaishnavi
* [[Alihassan Turabi]] as Amar Mehra
* [[Deepraj Rana]] as Rajvansh
* Sai Ballal as Mr. Kapoor: Nakul's father
8. Kabzaa (Episode 142 to Episode 159)
* [[Narayani Shastri]] / [[Shweta Tiwari]] as Aashna "Ashu"
* [[Sandeep Baswana]] as Preet: Aashna's husband"
* [[Jaya Bhattacharya]] as Anita and Preet's mother
* [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]] as Jay: Aashna's college friend and obsessive lover
* [[Rohit Bakshi (actor)|Rohit Bakshi]] as Bobby: Aashna's college friend
* [[Sonia Singh]] as Neha: Aashna's college friend
* [[Kaliprasad Mukherjee]] as Netri
* Amit Singh Thakur as Anita and Preet's father
* [[Sikandar Kharbanda]] as Nakul: Aashna's elder brother
* Rinku Dhawan as Anita: Preet's elder sister
* [[Namrata Thapa]] as Nakul and Aashna's younger sister
* Madhavi Gogate as Nakul and Aashna's mother
* [[Preeti Puri]] as Kavita Hassanandani
* [[Malini Kapoor]] as Monica Hasssanandani
9. Khaall<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct52.htm |title=Sony premiers 9th series of KHKH, 'Khaall' |website=indiantelevision.com |date=1 August 2003 |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> (Episode 160 to Episode 176)
* [[Sumeet Sachdev]] as Rajeev Khandelwal
* {{clarify span|[[Achint Kaur]] / [[Urvashi Dholakia]] as Niharika Oberoi / Niharika Rajeev Khandelwal|reason=Unclear what this block of information is. Are we saying that two actors Kaur and Dholakia each played one character, or that they each played two characters?|date=June 2020}}
* [[Geetanjali Tikekar]] as Natasha: Rajeev's ex-girlfriend
* [[Sandeep Rajora]] as Ali: Rajeev's friend
* Vishal Puri as Karan: Natasha's elder brother
* [[Kishori Shahane]] as Karan and Natasha's mother
* G.P. Kapoor as Mr. Oberoi: Niharika's father
* Madhumalti Kapoor as Rajeev's grandmother
10. Kab Kyon Kahan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/nov/nov94.htm |title='Kya Hadsaa...' launches 10th series 'Kab Kyon Kahan' |website=indiantelevision.com |date=11 November 2003 |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> (Episode 177 - episode 190)
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Pratham
* [[Gauri Pradhan]] in a dual role as Mayuri, Pratham's girlfriend, and as Gauri, Mayuri's lookalike twin sister
* [[Cezanne Khan]] as Kunwar Sujit Singh: a vampire
* [[Manasi Varma]] as Jessica: Pratham's friend
* Nikhil Guharoy as Yash: Pratham's friend
* [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] as Professor Samuel
11. Kohra (Episode 191 - episode 206)
* [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]] as Kushal Jay
* [[Shweta Tiwari]] as Sunita Menon
* Siddharth Choudhary as Vikram: As Sunita's husband (Ghost)
* [[Poonam Joshi]] as Piya: Sunita's best friend (later revealed to be her own younger sister)
* [[Kali Prasad Mukherjee]] as Inspector Mohan
* Vineeta Malik
* [[Sejal Shah]]
* Shravani Goswami
* Sal Balal as Guru Ji (Sunita, Piya and Radhika's father)

12. Kutumb (Episode 207 - episode 225)
* [[Mayuri Kango]] as Shilpa Uday Khanna
* [[Tarun Khanna (actor)|Tarun Khanna]] as Uday Khanna
* Madhumalti Kapoor as Buaji
* [[Pracheen Chauhan]]
* [[Rasika Joshi]]
* [[Parmeet Sethi]]
* Sonal Pendse
* Tejal Shah

13. Kab Kaisey Kahan (Episode 226 - episode 252)
* [[Chetan Hansraj]] as Moksh Chauhan
* [[Shilpa Saklani]] as Tanu/ Rachel D'Mello: Indira's reincarnation
* [[Jasveer Kaur]] as Indira: Moksh's girlfriend
* [[Kishwer Merchant]] as Nikki: Moksh Chauhan
* Sachin Sharma as Purab: Tanu's best friend/fake husband
* Prabhat Bhattacharya as Shubho: Purab's father
* [[Urvashi Dholakia]] as Gayatri: Purab's elder paternal aunt
* Monalika Bhonsle as Deepika: Purab's younger paternal aunt
* [[Mukul Dev]] as Himanshu: Nikki's cousin
* Roopa Divetia as Tanu's maternal aunt
* [[Suchita Trivedi]] as a tarot card reader
* Prakash Ramchandani as Deepika's husband

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi thriller shows]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.setsyndication.com/show_details.php?ct=4&sw=51 Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqueet on SET Syndication]
*{{IMDb title|0401954}}

{{SET Shows}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:2002 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2004 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian anthology television series]]

Cuncoliem

2026-03-15T11:54:03Z

Bsdmission:

{{coord|15.4614588097|73.975498738|display=title}}

{{short description|Village in Goa, India}}
{{Distinguish|Cuncolim}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
'''Cuncoliem''' is a village in [[Ponda, Goa|Ponda]] taluka, [[Goa]], India.

== Village panchayat ==
Cuncoliem (also spelt Kunkoliem), shares a common village panchayat with Veling and Prior, two neighbouring villages. This is called the [[village panchayat]] of Veling-Priol-Kunkoliem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VELING-PRIOL-KUNKOLIEM|url=http://goa.panchayatraj.net/forum/village-panchayat/veling-priol-kunkolim/|access-date=2021-10-08|website=Goa.PanchayatRaj.Net|language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2020, during the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a controversy in the area over the housing of Covid patients.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 21, 2020|first=Suraj P.|last=Kaisuvker|title=Review move to house Covid-19 patients, urge Mardol locals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/review-move-to-house-covid-patients-urge-mardol-locals/articleshow/77075313.cms|access-date=2021-10-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Area, population ==
In the 2011 Census, Cuncoliem was found to have an area of 517 hectares, with a total of 323 households, and a population of 1,385 persons, comprising 711 males and 674
females.<ref name="Census">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Census of India 2011: Goa. Series 31, Part XIIB, District Census Handbook. North Goa. Village and Townwise Primary Census Abstracts.|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Goa|year=2014|isbn=|location=|pages=132}}</ref> The zero-to-six age group population comprised 134 children, of these 70 were males and 64 females.<ref name="Census" />

== Priol assembly constituency ==
Cuncoliem, under the Veling-Priol-Cuncoliem village panchayat, is one of the seven panchayats that made up the Priol assembly segment of Goa. The other six panchayats included in this assembly constituency are Tivrem-Orgao, Betki-Khandola, Savoi-Verem, Bhoma-Adcolna, Keri and Volvoi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 20, 2017|title=Priol: Priol's Gaude gets hold of five panchayats in Ponda|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/priols-gaude-gets-hold-of-five-panchayats-in-ponda/articleshow/59225576.cms|access-date=2021-10-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Comunidade ==
Cuncoliem also has a ''comunidade'' (also called a gaonkaria, earlier), which is a village land-holding community body. In October 2017, this was one of the 28 comunidades in Goa, to which the Goa government had appointed committees.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 30, 2017|title=Government appoints committees in 28 comunidades|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/govt-appoints-committees-in-28-comunidades/articleshow/61328622.cms|access-date=2021-10-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Shrines ==
The Sri Gomantak Tirupati Balaji Devasthan is located at Cuncoliem, and has been described as being located in a bit of an "isolated place and not as frequented by devotees as compared to other nearby three temples at Priol like Mangueshi, Shanta Durga as well as Mahalsa Narayani".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sri Gomantak Tirupati Balaji devasthan, Goa - Reviews, Photos - Sri Gomantak Tirupati Balaji Devasthan|url=http://www.tripadvisor.in/ShowUserReviews-g15420940-d15601608-r643727984-Sri_Gomantak_Tirupati_Balaji_Devasthan-Old_Goa_North_Goa_District_Goa.html|access-date=2021-10-08|website=Tripadvisor|language=en-IN}}</ref> Shree Ganesha Purusha Temple Kunkoliem is also located in the area.{{fact|date=June 2023}}

== PIN code ==
The Cuncoliem-Mardol Postal Index Number code is 403404.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kunkoliem Mardol Pin Code: Kunkoliem Mardol, Ponda, Goa, South Goa Post Office Code & Address with Map|url=https://codepin.in/kunkoliem-mardol-pin-code|access-date=2021-10-08|website=codepin.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]

{{Goa-geo-stub}}

Relationship Goals (film)

2026-03-13T05:58:02Z

Bsdmission: made initial details needs work

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| director = [[Linda Mendoza]]
| image = File:Relationship Goals poster.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| writer = Michael Elliot Cory Tynan Laura Lekkos
| based_on = ''Relationship Goals: How to Win at Dating, Marriage, and Sex'' by Pastor Michael Todd
| producer = [[DeVon Franklin]]
| starring = [[Kelly Rowland]] [[Method Man|Cliff “Method Man” Smith]] [[Robin Thede]] [[Annie Gonzalez]] [[Dennis Haysbert]] [[Matt Walsh (comedian)|Matt Walsh]]
| music = [[Dara Taylor]]
| studio = [[Amazon MGM Studios]] Franklin Entertainment
| distributor = Amazon MGM Studios (via [[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]])
| released = {{Film date|2026|2|4}}
| runtime = 93 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2026 |title=''Relationship Goals'' (12) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/relationship-goals-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmteymzg2 |access-date=February 3, 2026 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
}}
'''''Relationship Goals''''' is a 2026 American [[romantic comedy film]] directed by [[Linda Mendoza]]. The film follows a [[television producer]], Leah Caldwell, who is about to become the first woman to run [[New York (state)|New York]]'s top morning show, when her ex Jarrett Roy steps in to compete for the same position.

The film was released in the United States by [[Amazon MGM Studios]] as an [[Amazon Prime Video]] original film on February 4, 2026.

==Plot==
Leah Caldwell is a television producer at a New York City morning show who is competing to become the program’s executive leader. Her professional trajectory changes when her former partner, Jarrett Roy, joins the network and becomes her direct rival for the position.

Jarrett claims to have changed since their breakup, attributing his personal development to the principles outlined in the self-help book ''Relationship Goals: How to Win at Dating, Marriage, and Sex'' by Michael Todd. Leah remains focused on her career and is initially reluctant to revisit their past relationship.

As their professional rivalry continues, unresolved personal and professional conflicts resurface. Leah ultimately reevaluates her priorities as she considers whether professional advancement and a renewed personal relationship can coexist.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|* [[Kelly Rowland]] as Leah Caldwell, a television producer who wants to become the first woman to run New York’s top morning show
* [[Method Man|Cliff “Method Man” Smith]] as Jarrett Roy, Leah's ex
* [[Robin Thede]] as Brenda Phelps
* [[Annie Gonzalez]] as Treese Moore
* [[Dennis Haysbert]] as Papa Jim
* [[Matt Walsh (comedian)|Matt Walsh]] as Dan Milken
* [[Melanie Leishman]] as Maya
* [[DeVaughn Nixon]] as Ayden
* [[Ryan Jamaal Swain]] as Ronald }}

== Production ==
On February 13, 2025, [[Kelly Rowland]] and [[Method Man|Cliff “Method Man” Smith]], along with [[Robin Thede]] and [[Annie Gonzalez]], were cast in the [[Romantic comedy|romantic comedy film]] based on ''Relationship Goals: How to Win at Dating, Marriage, and Sex'' by Pastor Michael Todd.<ref>{{Cite web |last=France |first=Lisa Respers |date=February 4, 2026 |title=Kelly Rowland and Cliff 'Method Man' Smith hope their new movie opens the door for more Black rom-coms |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/02/04/entertainment/kelly-rowland-method-man-relationship-goals |access-date=February 10, 2026 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> It was directed by Linda Mendoza, and written by Laura Lekkos, with drafts written by Michael Elliot and Cory Tynan, produced by [[DeVon Franklin]], and executive produced by Rowland and Bart Lipton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordero |first=Rosy |date=February 13, 2025 |title=Kelly Rowland & Method Man To Lead Amazon MGM Studios' 'Relationship Goals'; Robin Thede & Annie Gonzalez Also Star |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/kelly-rowland-method-man-amazon-mgm-studios-robin-thede-annie-gonzalez-1236287417/ |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in [[Ontario]] on March 17, and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on April 28.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2025 |title=ONTARIO CREATES MEDIA LIST January 24, 2025 |url=https://www.ontariocreates.ca/uploads/ONTARIO-CREATES-MEDIA-LIST-January-24-2025.pdf |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=Ontario Creates}}</ref> [[Dara Taylor]] composed the score for the film,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 7, 2026 |title=Dara Taylor Scoring Linda Mendoza's 'Relationship Goals' |url=https://filmmusicreporter.com/2026/01/07/dara-taylor-scoring-linda-mendozas-relationship-goals/ |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=Film Music Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> where Rowland and Method Man also perfomed the original song "Complicated".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Delaina |date=January 8, 2026 |title=Kelly Rowland and Method Man Star in 'Relationship Goals' |url=https://www.ebony.com/kelly-rowland-method-man-relationship-goals-prime-video/ |access-date=February 10, 2026 |website=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Relationship Goals'' was released in Europe and in the United States as an [[Amazon Prime Video]] original on February 4, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mangum |first=Trey |date=October 23, 2025 |title='Relationship Goals' First Image: Method Man And Kelly Rowland In Film Based On Mike Todd's Book |url=https://blavity.com/entertainment/relationship-goals-first-image-method-man-and-kelly-rowland-film |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=[[Blavity]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 19% of 16 critics' reviews are positive.<ref>{{cite web |title=Relationship Goals |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/relationship_goals |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=March 13, 2026}}</ref>

In a three out of five review, Andrew Lawrence of ''[[The Guardian]]'' wrote that the film is "a tractor beam made stronger by director Linda Mendoza’s extraordinarily fast pace" which "meant to be a faith-based film for women who may be spending Valentine’s Day alone" even if "''Relationship Goals'' is no less parochial a take on marriage, presented yet again as a woman’s only path to true and lasting peace in life".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawrence |first=Andrew |date=February 4, 2026 |title=Relationship Goals review – Kelly Rowland and Method Man flirt through breezy romcom |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/feb/04/relationship-goals-kelly-rowland-method-man-review |access-date=February 10, 2026 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> William Bibbiani of ''[[TheWrap]]'' gave the film a negative review, calling it "insulting, unconvincing, unfunny, [and] unromantic".<ref>{{cite web |title='Relationship Goals' Review: Amazon's Glamorized Book Commercial Almost Looks Like a Real Rom-Com |url=https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/reviews/relationship-goals-movie-review/ |website=[[TheWrap]] |access-date=February 16, 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=35718349}}

[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 American films]]
[[Category:2026 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]
[[Category:American romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:English-language romantic comedy films]]

Jageshwar

2026-03-12T20:29:35Z

Bsdmission: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jageshwar
| native_name = जागेश्वर
| elevation_m = 1870
| population_total = 14000
| population_as_of = 20
11
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05962
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#UK.E2.80.94Uttarakhand|UK]]-01
| website = {{URL|uk.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map = India#India Uttarakhand
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|29|38||N|79|51||E}}
}}
'''Jageshwar''' is a Hindu pilgrimage town near [[Almora]] in [[Almora district]] of the Himalayan [[Indian state]] of [[Uttarakhand]]. It is one of the Dhams (pilgrimage region) in the Shaivism tradition. The site is protected under Indian laws, and managed by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI). It includes Dandeshwar Temple, Chandi-ka-Temple, Jageshwar Temple, Kuber Temple, Mritunjaya Temple, Nanda Devi or Nau Durga, Nava-grah temple, a Pyramidal shrine, and Surya Temple. The site celebrates the Jageshwar Monsoon Festival during the [[Hindu calendar]] month of ''[[Shraavana|Shravan]]'' (overlaps with July–August) and the annual [[Maha Shivratri]] Mela ([[Shivratri]] festival), which takes place in early spring.

'''Jageshwar Temples''', also referred to as '''Jageswar Temples''' or '''Jageshwar Valley Temples''', are a group of 125 ancient Hindu temples dated between 7th and 14th century, {{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-154}} The valley has a number of temple clusters such as the Dandeshwar and Jageshwar sites. Some locations have attracted construction of new temples through the 20th-century. Together these clusters over the valley consist of over 200 structural temples built from cut stone. Many are small, while a few are substantial. They predominantly illustrate [[North India]]n [[Nagara Style|Nagara style of architecture]] with a few exceptions that show South and [[Central India]]n style designs, many are dedicated to god [[Shiva]], while others in immediate vicinity are dedicated to god [[Vishnu]], [[Shakti]] goddesses and [[Surya]] traditions of [[Hinduism]].{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-154}}<ref name="Jeratha1995p71">{{cite book|author=Aśoka Jeratha|title=The Splendour of Himalayan Art and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQDkxM0GTw4C&pg=PA71 |year=1995|publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7387-034-7|pages=71–73}}</ref>

There are other Hindu temples in the Himalayan region that are called Jageshwar Temple such as one in Dalash, [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Omacanda Hāṇḍā|title=Temple Architecture of the Western Himalaya: Wooden Temples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_KmaKomlI-UC&pg=PA252|year=2001|publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7387-115-3|pages=252–256}}</ref>

==Location==
Jageshwar is located {{Convert|36|km}} northeast of [[Almora]], in the [[Kumaon division|Kumaun]] region. The temples site is on the south of the road, across which is an eponymous village at an altitude of 1,870 m, in the Jataganga river valley near a Deodar forest (''[[Cedrus deodara]]''). The temple clusters begin starting from satellite road branching off east from the Artola village on the [[Almora]]–[[Pithoragarh]] highway, at the confluence (''sangam'') of two streams Nandini and Surabhi after they flow down the hills in the narrow valley.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-135}} The site is about {{convert|3.5|km}} long along the Jataganga rivulet, is a narrow forested valley of [[oak]]s, [[Cedrus deodara|deodara]], rhododendrons and [[pines]].{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=134-135}} Around the valley is human habitation which provide services to the pilgrims and travelers visiting these temples or passing through to other sacred sites in the Uttarkhand region. The resident villages are Mokshadham, Dandeshwar, Jageshwar and Koteshwar.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=136-137}}

Jageshwar is about {{convert|100|km}} southeast of the historic Baijnath Temple and about {{convert|100|km}} northeast from the resort town of [[Nainital]]. It is mentioned in Hindu texts dated prior to the 10th-century as a ''tirtha'' (pilgrimage) site.{{refn|group=note|According to ''Dwadasa Jyotirlinga Stotra'', Jageshwar is a sacred geography along with [[Somnath]] Gujarat, [[Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga]] Andhra Pradesh, [[Mahakaleshwar]] Madhya Pradesh, [[Omkareshwar]] Madhya Pradesh, [[Baidyanath Temple]] Jharkhand, [[Bhimashankar]] Maharashtra, [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] Tamil Nadu, [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]] Uttar Pradesh, [[Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga]] Maharashtra, [[Kedarnath Temple|Kedareswar]] Uttarakhand and [[Grishneshwar]]-Ellora Caves Maharashtra. 
<poem>सौराष्ट्रे सोमनाथं च श्रीशैले मल्लिकार्जुनम् । उज्जयिन्यां महाकालमोकांरममलेश्वरम् ।
परल्यां वैद्यनाथं च डाकिन्यां भीमशंकरम् । सेतुबंधे तु रामेशं '''नागेशं''' दारूकावने ।।
वाराणस्यां तु विश्वेशं त्रयंम्बकं गौतमीतटे । हिमालये तु केदारं घुश्मेशं च शिवालये ।
ऐतानि ज्योतिर्लिंगानि सायं प्रातः पठेन्नरः । सप्तजन्मकृतं पापं स्मरणेन विनश्यति ।।</poem>}}

The nearest rail head is [[Kathgodam]] 125 km. Jageshwar has direct road links with [[Almora]] (35 km), [[Haldwani]] (131 km.), [[Pithoragarh]] (88 km) and Kathgodam. State transport, and private jeeps and taxis ply from these place for Jageshwar regularly.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

==History==
[[File:Image ank.JPG|right|thumb| The temples at Jageshwar, believed to include the Nagesh Jyotirlinga.]]
The origins of the Jageshwar temples site are unclear. Its remote location has limited its studies and scholarly attention. The site shows evidence of different architectural styles and building periods for both temples and stone [[stele]]s, which range from the 7th to the 12th century, and then in the modern times.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-139}} Estimates for the same temple or stele varies widely, sometimes 1,400 years. According to the ASI, some belong to the post-Gupta or the second half of 1st millennium while others belong to the 2nd millennium. Some colonial-era guesses attribute them to the Katyuri or Chand hill dynasties but there is no textual or epigraphical evidence to support or refute these proposals.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-139}} Another prevailing theory is that [[Adi Shankara]] built some of these temples, but once again there is no textual or epigraphical evidence to support this claim, however it now proved that these temples including the [[Lakulisha]] temple were patronized and maintained by [[Pashupata Shaivism]] ascetics. This is proved by the fact that the architectural features and style of some of these Hindu temples is from early 7th century, which is about 50 to 100 years before Adi Shankara lived (c. 788-820 CE).{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=139-140}}

[[File:Jageshwar Temple 7.JPG|thumb|right|Dandeshwar Temple]]
The lack of systematic studies of Indian temples and ruins in many parts of the remote Himalayan regions limits what can be said about the chronological sequence of monuments in the Jageshwar valley. According to Chanchani, it is likely that the valley had reached a prominent position in Indian architecture by the 10th century, with the earliest monuments from the 7th-century.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-139}}

The valley has two major clusters of Hindu temples and a number of roadside shrines. Of these some 151 temples have been numbered by ASI as protected pre-12th century monuments. The two largest groups are locally called as the Dandeshwar group temples (''Dandeshwar samuh mandir'', 15 temples) and the Jageshwar group temples (''Jageshwar samuh mandir'', 124 temples). Of these, temple number 37, 76 and 146 are the largest, all dated to the late centuries of the 1st millennium.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=133-139}} In the historic text, Jageshwar is also referred to as Yageshvara.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=148-149}}

Jageshwar was once the centre of [[Lakulish]] Shaivism, likely by monks and migrants who left the plains of the Indian subcontinent from places such as Gujarat and settled in the high mountains.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} The temple site, over time, was positioned as and grew as sacred geography in the form of northern (''Uttara'') Kashi (Varanasi).{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=136-139}}

==Jageshwar Temples==
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Jageshwar Temples
| image = Jageshwar Mandir.jpg
| alt = Hindu temples of Jageshwar valley
| caption = Hindu temples of Jageshwar valley, near Almora town, Uttarakhand, India
| map_type = India #India Uttarakhand
| coordinates = {{coord|29|38|14.3|N|79|51|16.9|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| district = [[Almora district]]
| location = Aartola, Jageshwar Valley, near Almora town, UK.
| elevation_m = 1870
| deity = [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Devi]], others
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Hindu temple architecture|Nagara]]
| year_completed = 7th to 14th century
| website =
| map_relief = yes
}}
[[File:The Dancing Shiva....rare depictions of Ancient India.JPG|thumb|7th-century Nataraja relief on Temple 1; Ganesha in upper right corner, Skanda-Kartikeya on his peacock in upper left, Parvati in lower left and a musician playing ''[[vadya]]'' in lower right.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=139-141}}]]
The Jageshwar group of temples are similar to some large historic cluster of Hindu temples found on the Indian subcontinent. For example, a similar cluster is seen near Bhubhaneswar, Odisha at the [[Lingaraja Temple|Lingaraja group of temples]].{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=136-139}}{{sfn|Stella Kramrisch|1976|p=205}}{{sfn|Vinayak Bharne|Krupali Krusche|2014|pp=98-120}} Another large group of stone temples is illustrated at the [[Bateshwar Hindu temples, Madhya Pradesh|Batesvar]] complex in Chambal valley of [[Madhya Pradesh]].{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=136-139}}<ref>Michael W. Meister (1976), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29756319 Construction and Conception: Maṇḍapikā Shrines of Central India], ''East and West'', Vol. 26, No. 3/4 (September - December 1976), page 415, context: 409-418</ref> Almost all the small and large temples in the Jageshwar valley, states Chanchani, have a "simple square plan sanctums bounded by plain walls and tiered superstructures".{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=136-139}}

The temples are atypical than other Hindu temples build after the 6th-century. The Jageshwar temples have a design that deliberately does not anticipate their use as house of worship. The sanctum space in most temples is generally too small (~ 3 square feet) that a priest cannot sit inside, leave alone move around to complete a ritual.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=141-143}} Further, most of the lingas do not provide for a drain from ''abhisheka'', a feature that Hindu temples from Gupta and post-Gupta period include. There is no record of their being used for worship, nor traces at the site that would suggest unrecorded use. According to Chanchani, most of these temples may have been memorials to Hindu monks or saints, or part of dedication or grant to the monasteries.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=141-143}}

The site is additionally notable for rock [[stele]]s featuring Hindu theological themes. Included in these are all four major traditions of Hinduism: Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism and Sauraism. Example steles include those of Ksemankari, Narayana, Revanta and Surya.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=145-147}} Other significant reliefs include those of dancing Ganesha, seated and smiling Uma-Parvati and Saptamatrikas.<ref>{{cite web |title=चमत्कारी मंदिर |url=https://www.nayaindia.com/life-style/religious-practice/uttrakhand-shivling-worship-started-from-this-miraculous-temple-465598.html |website=Naya India |access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Stella Snead|author2=Wendy Doniger|author3=George Michell|title=Animals in Four Worlds: Sculptures from India|url= https://archive.org/details/animalsinfourwor1989snea |url-access=registration|year=1989| publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-76726-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/animalsinfourwor1989snea/page/38 38]–39}}</ref><ref name="laura015p27">{{cite book|author1=Massimiliano A. Polichetti|author2=Laura Giuliano|title=Il dio benevolo e la dea inaccessibile: Sculture dall'India e dal Nepal. Studi e Restauro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yf7zBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Gangemi Editore spa|isbn=978-88-492-9963-2|pages=27–33}}</ref>

Some significant monuments in the Jageshwar valley include:<ref name="laura015p27"/>
*Temple 47, found at the Jageshwar site, is a Valabhi Nagara style superstructure with a wagon vault from the 7th or 8th century. Its western wall was capped with a Vinadhara Shiva stele (lute bearing Shiva legend, [[Shaivism]]), the northern wall with Ganesha stele (pan-Hindu), and the eastern wall with yoga performing Saptamatrikas (seven mothers, [[Shaktism]] tradition).{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=137-138}}
*Temple 2, found at the Jageshwar site, is another early temple with a tiered tower in the curvilinear ''latina'' Nagara style. Its square sanctum is preceded by a short vestibule (''antarala''). The platform and base moulding resembles Temple 47. The tower is capped with a cogged disc (''amalaka'') and above it is a hypethral ''linga''. The walls of this temple feature niches, while above the sanctum doorway is a dormer windom with three-face Shiva carved into it.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=137-138}} The temple also has a 7th or 8th century [[relief]] carving showing [[Lakulisa]] seated on lotus in water, in a yoga asana doing meditation where gods approach him from the skies and yogis surround him.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=139-141}}

{{multiple image
| align = left
| image1 = Vriddh Jageshwar.jpg
| width1 = 170
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Dandeshwar temple complex (6133874878).jpg
| width2 = 150
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Two of the many styles of 7th-century Jageshwar (left) and Dandeshwar temples in the valley. The left has a closed sanctum, one amalaka disc on top and carved doorway. The mid-ground Dandeshwar temple is plain with open sanctum and three discs.
}}
*Temple 145, found at the Dandeshwar site, is also a 7th to 8th-century temple but that exhibits yet a third distinct style suggesting an acceptance and proliferation of artist diversity. Its tower consists of stacked series of ''amalaka'' in the form of cogged discs of shrinking diameter. Below is the square sanctum (''garbha griya'') whose doorframe and mandapa are formed by square pillars. Inside the sanctum is a ''chaturmukha'' Shiva linga, each face looking at a cardinal direction.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=138-139}}
*Temple 76, found at the Jageshwar site, is another 1st-millennium temple at the site, but one that is substantial. It is dedicated to Mrityunjaya form of Shiva, or the one who conquered death. The temple is in the middle of lingas and smaller shrines, suggesting its importance when they were built. Temple 76, also called the Mrityunjaya Mahadeva temple, is a large temple with the ''latina'' Nagara style architecture. It has a four-pillared entry mandapa, then the ''mukha-mandapa'' (main hall) which leads to an ''antarala'' (vestibule) then on to the square sanctum. The tower is curvilinear. Its wall is covered with frieze and niches in a format that belongs to the 850-950 CE. The temple tower is a multistorey structure, but in the modern era is covered with a wooden canopy. Inside the canopy is the original cogged disc-shaped ''amalaka'' which is then topped with hyperthral linga finial.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=143-145}} The Mrityunjaya temple follows the ''vastupurusha-mandala'' plan and elevation found in Hindu temple architecture texts. It has 16 central squares like the Mahua Hindu temple, the sanctum length equals the central offset, and the wall thickness equals the corner unit's length, proportions taught in the symmetric 16-grid plan.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=143-145}} The temple was the first that included a pillared hall (mandapa) in front, and this hall was used for communal rituals and as shelter for pilgrims to rest in.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=143-145}} This temple is also notable for its short inscriptions found on its mouldings, walls, pilasters, and pillars. D.C. Sircar dated these to be from the 8th to 10th century period.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=145-147}}<ref name="laura015p27"/>
*Temple 37 is eponymously named as the Jageshwar temple. It is also large, has a mandapa, a vestibule, and a sanctum. However, it was likely built in 12th or maybe the 13th century, and the site evidence suggests it has been rebuilt a few times over its history.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=145-147}} The temple integrated four entrances, included intricate carvings on its tower, and the superstructure is pyramidal with progressively receding stone blocks. The sanctum has two unusual ''dvarapalas'' added in the 14th-century or later. One four-armed ''dvarapala'' holds a skull in the tradition of the Pashupata-[[Kapalika]]s in one of his hands, a rosary in other, a fruit in yet another and the fourth hand cradles an object.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=145-147}} At his pedestal is a bull, both on a lotus. The left ''dvarapala'' is similar, but differs in holding a serpent in his hand instead of the skull and other items. The symbolism of these ''dvarapala'' is to remind the pilgrim of the certainty of death for everyone and that when they pass through them they are entering the spiritual sanctum and the symbolism for liberation which exists eternally. Temple 37 remains an active house of Hindu worship.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=145-147}}<ref name="laura015p27"/>

===Vinayak Kshetra===
[[File:One of the smaller shrines of Jageshwar temple complex (6133787720).jpg|thumb|left|One of the Devi shrines with barrel-vault vimana]]
This place is 200 m from Artola village from where temples of Jageshwar starts. From this place Vinayak Kshetra or sacred area begins. This place lies between ''Jhanker Saim'' temple, Vrudhh Jageshwar and Koteshwar temples.

=== Sri Vriddha or Bud Jageshwar ===
This temple is situated Seven km north to Jageshwar. This temple is situated at the top of the hill and comes after an uphill trek. It is contemporary to Jageshwar group of temples.
This temple is located at higher altitude

=== Pushti Devi or Pushti Bhagawati Maa ===
It is the temple of Goddess [[Devi]]. The temple enshrines the full ''murti'' of Goddesses. This temple is situated in the Jageshwar main premises.

=== Inscriptions ===
Over 25 [[inscriptions]] of different periods are inscribed on the walls and pillars of the Jageshwar temples. Most of these belong to the period between the 7th century AD to 10th century AD. The dialect of inscriptions is [[Sanskrit]] and [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]]. These are studied by D.C. Sarkar in ''Epigraphica Indica''.

==Significance==
The Jageshwar temple site attracts a few hundred pilgrims and visitors every day. It remains a part of the Hindu sacred geography, particularly for the central Himalayan region. Many complete a part of the post-cremation last rites after the death of a loved one at the Jageshwar temple site. The temples are particularly popular in the late monsoon season. In other months, pilgrims typically combine their pilgrimage to Jageshwar Temples with those at Lake Mansarovar or Badrinath and Kedarnath, or other places in the Himalayas such as Gangotri. The site remains popular with Hindu monks and they continue to protect the site's sacrality.{{sfn|Nachiket Chanchani|2013|pp=149-151}}

== Related nearby monuments ==
The Archaeological Museum run by [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), houses more than 150 sculptures found in the Jageshwar valley. These date from 9th to 13th century AD.<ref name=jageshwarasi>[http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_jageshwar.asp Archaeological Museum, Jageshwar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004329/http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_jageshwar.asp |date=27 September 2007 }} ''[[Archaeological Survey of India]] ''.</ref> The display includes a statue of Uma-Maheshwar, Surya, Navagraha, panels narrating the legend of Vishapaharanamurti (Shiva drinking poison), Kevalamurti, and four armed Chamunda Devi.<ref name=jageshwarasi/>

* The river that flows through the town, ''Jata Ganga''
* The River "Sam Ganga" that originates from Jhanker Saim temple and merges with River Jata Ganga Near Kot Linga Temple Ruins.
* A cave, ''Airavat Gufa''
* Brahma Kund
* Other temples such as ''Sri Kuber Temple'' and the ''Batuk Bhairav Temple''.
* The temple of [[Golu Devata]] at [[Chitai]].
* Patal Bhuvaneshwar Caves<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.patalbhuvaneshwar.com/ |title=Patal Bhuvaneshwar Caves |access-date=29 May 2007 |archive-date=8 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208183107/http://www.patalbhuvaneshwar.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Baijnath Temple Complex]]
* [[Katarmal]]
* [[Char Dham]]
* ''[[Mountain Temples and Temple Mountains]]''

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
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*{{cite book|author=Prasanna Kumar Acharya|title=A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture: Treating of Sanskrit Architectural Terms with Illustrative Quotations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbayQwAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press (Reprinted in 1997 by Motilal Banarsidass)|isbn=978-81-7536-113-3}}
*{{cite book|author=Prasanna Kumar Acharya|title=Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw79PAAACAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Laurier|isbn=978-81-215-0732-5}}
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*{{cite book|author=Alice Boner|title=Principles of Composition in Hindu Sculpture: Cave Temple Period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doQLZ21CGScC|year=1990|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0705-1}}
*{{cite book|author1=Alice Boner|author2=Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā|title=Silpa Prakasa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=itQUAAAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Brill Academic (Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass)|isbn=978-8120820524}}
*{{cite journal|title=The Jageshwar Valley, Where Death Is Conquered| author= Nachiket Chanchani| journal=Archives of Asian Art|volume= 63| number= 2|year= 2013| pages= 133–154|publisher= Duke University Press| doi=10.1353/aaa.2014.0004|s2cid=191618006}}
*{{cite book|author=Aśoka Jeratha|title=The Splendour of Himalayan Art and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQDkxM0GTw4C&pg=PA71|year=1995|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-034-7}}
*{{cite book|author1=A.K. Coomaraswamy|author2=Michael W. Meister|title=Essays in Architectural Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5B1QAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=978-0-19-563805-9}}
*Dehejia, V. (1997). ''Indian Art''. Phaidon: London. {{ISBN|0-7148-3496-3}}.
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-312-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=The Temple Architecture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofUVAQAAIAAJ |year=2007|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0470028278}}
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Theory and Practice of Temple Architecture in Medieval India: Bhoja's Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra and the Bhojpur Line Drawings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oADrgEACAAJ|year=2015|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=978-93-81406-41-0}}
* Hardy, Adam (2007). ''The Temple Architecture of India'', Wiley: Chichester. {{ISBN|978-0-470-02827-8}}
*Harle, J.C., ''The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent'', 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, {{ISBN|0300062176}}
*{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Helene Basu|author3=Angelika Malinar|display-authors=etal|title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism: Sacred texts, ritual traditions, arts, concepts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnVQSAAACAAJ |year=2009|publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=978-90-04-17893-9}}
*{{cite book|author=Monica Juneja|title=Architecture in Medieval India: Forms, Contexts, Histories|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7N7VAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-8178242286}}
*{{citation|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNcXrBlI9S0C|year= 1976|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted 1946 Princeton University Press)|isbn=978-81-208-0223-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-aS52MgIkMC|year= 1979|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted 1946 Princeton University Press)|isbn=978-81-208-0224-7}}
*{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian temple architecture|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRY3AQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-0-8122-7992-4}}
*{{citation|author=George Michell|title=The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ajgImLs62gwC|year=1988|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-53230-1}}
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Hindu Art and Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/hinduartarchitec00mich|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-20337-8}}
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Architecture and Art of Southern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6bphUvvPf4C |year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44110-0}}
*{{cite book|author=T. A. Gopinatha Rao|title=Elements of Hindu iconography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0878-2}}
*Rajan, K.V. Soundara (1998). ''Rock-Cut Temple Styles''. Somaiya Publications: Mumbai. {{ISBN|81-7039-218-7}}
*{{cite book|author=Ajay J. Sinha|title=Imagining Architects: Creativity in the Religious Monuments of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WvqLzaSUGi8C |year=2000|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-684-5}}
*{{cite book|author1=Stella Snead|author-link=Stella Snead|author2=Wendy Doniger|author3=George Michell|title=Animals in Four Worlds: Sculptures from India|url=https://archive.org/details/animalsinfourwor1989snea |url-access=registration|year=1989|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-76726-0 }}
*{{cite book|author=D Srinivasan|title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZheP9dIX9wC|year=1997|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10758-4}}
*{{cite book|title=South Indian Temples|author=Burton Stein|isbn=978-0706904499|publisher =Vikas|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hq5BngAACAAJ| year=1978}}
*{{cite book|author=Burton Stein|title=The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OpxeaYQbGDMC|year=1989|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26693-2}}
*{{cite book|author1=Burton Stein|author2=David Arnold|title=A History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-2351-1}}
*{{cite book|author=Kapila Vatsyayan|title=The Square and the Circle of the Indian Arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwLJc3pBzzUC&pg=PR10|year=1997|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-362-5}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004329/http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_jageshwar.asp Jageshwar Archaeological Museum]

{{Hindudharma}}
{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}
{{Jyotirlinga temples}}
{{Almora district}}
{{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Culture of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Almora]]
[[Category:9th-century Hindu temples]]

Zamaane Ko Dikhana Hai

2026-03-03T23:59:19Z

Bsdmission: new some article and citations

{{short description|1981 Hindi film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Zamaane Ko Dikhana Hai
| image = Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Nasir Hussain]]
| producer = [[Nasir Hussain]]
| writer = [[Sachin Bhowmick]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Padmini Kolhapure]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = Munir Khan
| editing = Zafar Sultan
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1982|02|05|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
}}

'''''Zamaane Ko Dikhana Hai''''' (translation: '''''Show The World''''') is a 1982 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[action thriller film]] produced and directed by [[Nasir Hussain]]. The film stars [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Padmini Kolhapure]], [[Yogeeta Bali]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Kader Khan]], [[Shreeram Lagoo]] in pivotal roles. The film flopped and Hussain blamed the arrival of video in the early 1980s for the film's failure and that it deserved a better fate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20020322/ftribute.html |title=Screen the Business of Entertainment-Films-Tribute |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820211549/http://www.screenindia.com/20020322/ftribute.html |archive-date=20 August 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
Wealthy industrialist, Nanda, is enraged when he finds out that his eldest son, Ramesh, has fallen in love with a poor woman, Seema, and wants to marry her. He asks his son that if he marries her, he will exclude him from his will. In answer to that, Ramesh marries Seema and leaves the Nanda household. When Nanda's younger son, Ravi, returns home, he is told that his brother is away on business. Ravi does find out that Ramesh had been asked to leave by their father. He manages to convince his dad to change his mind about Ramesh, and sets off to find Ramesh. He finds out that Ramesh and Seema are no longer alive, but Seema had given birth to a son, and left him in the care of her sister, Kanchan. Ravi meets Kanchan, and both fall in love with each other. When Kanchan finds out that Ravi is Nanda's son, she is angry, and refuses to have to do anything with Ravi, as she is sure that she too will be rejected by Nanda, when he finds out that she is poor, and related to Seema. What Ravi and Kanchan don't know that Nanda has an ulterior motive, as he wants to adopt Ramesh's son - by hook or by crook.

==Cast==
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Ravi Nanda
* [[Padmini Kolhapure]] as Kanchan / Bahadur
* [[Yogeeta Bali]] as Razia Khan
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Shareef Khan / Sharafat Ali / Karamat Ali / Salamat Ali / Wajahat Ali
* [[Kader Khan]] as Shekhar Nanda
* [[Om Shivpuri]] as Colonel I. M. Tipsee
* [[Simple Kapadia]] as Kanchan Tipsee
* [[Shreeram Lagoo]] as S. K. Nanda
* [[Neelam Mehra]] as Kavita
* [[Viju Khote]] as Ranjeet
* [[Tariq Ali Khan|Tariq Khan]] as Robin Nanda
* [[Randhir Kapoor]] as Ramesh Nanda (Special Appearance)
* [[Jeetendra]] as Kanchan Tipse's boyfriend (Special appearance)

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[R.D. Burman|Rahul Dev Burman]], also known as R.D. Burman, with lyrics by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]].<ref>{{cite web|title=R. D. Burman / Majrooh Sultanpuri – Zamaane Ko Dikhana Hai|url=http://www.discogs.com/R-D-Burman-Majrooh-Sultanpuri-Zamaane-Ko-Dikhana-Hai/release/3112623|publisher=[[Discogs]]|access-date=1 August 2012}}</ref> The track "Hoga Tumse Pyara Kaun" is tuned in Raag ''[[Durga (raga)|Durga]]'' (comparable to ''[[Shuddha Saveri]]'' or ''[[Arabhi]]'' of Carnatic music)

===Track list===
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Song
! Singer
|-
| "Dil Lena Khel Hai Dildar Ka"
| [[R. D. Burman]]
|-
| "Hoga Tumse Pyara Kaun"
| [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|-
| "Poochho Na Yaar Kya Hua" (Solo)
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Poochho Na Yaar Kya Hua" (Duet)
| [[Asha Bhosle]], Mohammed Rafi, [[Padmini Kolhapure]], [[Rishi Kapoor]]
|-
| "Pari Ho Aasmani Tum"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Rishi Kapoor]]
|-
| "Main Hoon Woh Albela"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Manna Dey]]
|-
| "Bolo Bolo, Kuch To Bolo"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Joy of Living"
| [[Joe Alvares]]
|-
|}

===Notable songs===
{{Listen
|pos=right
|filename=Dil Lena Khel Hai Dildar Ka.ogg
|title=R.D. Burman – "Dil Lena Khel Hai Dildar Ka" (1981)
|description=Sample of [[R.D. Burman]]'s "Dil Lena Khel Hai Dildar Ka" (1981)
}}

In recent years, the soundtrack has received attention for "Dil Lena Khel Hai Dildar Ka," a [[synthesizer|synthesized]], [[Minimal music|minimalist]], [[electronic music|electronic]] [[electronic dance music|dance]]/[[disco]] song. It has been described as having "a very futuristic [[electro (music)|electro]] feel" and approaching a "[[techno]] wavelength." The song has been cited as a possible influence on the 1982 proto-[[acid house|acid]] [[house music|house]] album ''[[Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat]]'' by [[Charanjit Singh (musician)|Charanjit Singh]].<ref name="geeta_disco">{{cite web|author=Geeta Dayal|publisher=The Original Soundtrack|access-date=2011-06-03|title='Studio 84′: Digging into the History of Disco in India|date=29 August 2010|url=http://www.theoriginalsoundtrack.com/2010/08/29/studio-84-the-history-of-disco-in-india/|archive-date=2 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302083346/http://www.theoriginalsoundtrack.com/2010/08/29/studio-84-the-history-of-disco-in-india/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0230993}}

{{Nasir Hussain}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1981 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nasir Hussain]]

Maanja Velu

2026-03-03T02:58:01Z

Bsdmission: Creating New Data From Scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Maanja Velu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
| writer = [[Pattukkottai Prabakar|Prabakar]] (dialogues)
| story = [[Sriwass]]
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Arun Vijay]]|[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]|[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]|[[Sai Dhanshika|Dhansika]]}}
| based_on = ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]'' (Telugu)(2007) by [[Sriwass]]
| producer = {{unbulleted list|Mrs. Susil Mohan|M. Hemanth}}
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = [[A. Venkatesh (cinematographer)|Venkatesh Anguraj]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = Feather Touch Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|5|21}}
| language = Tamil
| country = India
}}
'''''Maanja Velu''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[masala film]] directed by [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]. It stars [[Arun Vijay]], [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] and [[Sai Dhanshika|Dhansika]], with [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and [[Riyaz Khan]] playing supporting roles and [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] and [[Ganja Karuppu]] providing comical relief.

It is a remake of the 2007 [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu film]] ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]''. The film became a hit at the box office similar to Venkatesh's 2009 masala film ''[[Malai Malai]]''.

==Plot==
The film starts with Anjali escaping on a motorcycle from her enforced [[engagement]] with the assistance of the groom; however, [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] Easwarapandian sees her from his police car. Meanwhile, a valiant Velu absconds from the police prison and beats a group of policemen. Easwarapandian arrives at the warehouse. Velu jumps over his car and then shoots it, killing him. He drives off on Anjali's motorcycle.

'''Past''': Six months ago, [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Bose was a sincere and happily married police officer. He lives with his parents, wife, and younger brother, Velu. Velu is a college student who manages the college canteen. He falls in love with his classmate, Anjali. Velu always loves his family and his brother. Enter Umapathi, the villain who is notorious for land deals. On a field trip with her friends, Anjali comes across Bose. She gets friendly with his daughter Pinky, who tells her that she will get introduced to her uncle Velu and that they will be a good pair. It turns out that Velu studies at Anjali's college, and after comedic incidents, they get to know one another and get close.

Bose investigates the case of Umapathi, whom no one has been able to touch. He is even involved with a land deal involving crores of money, which is illegal, and others, including the DIG. When trying to arrest Umapathi for a witness' death, the minister calls the DIG to let Umapathi go. So Bose kills goons linked to Umapathi's crime syndicate. The chairman of the [[chit fund]], who lent ₹1,000,000,000 (US$21.5 million) for the deal, demands the money back as the agreement has not worked. Umapathi requests the help of Dinesh, Velu's friend and Umapathi's henchman. Dinesh technically assassinates the chairman by electrocuting him, and Bose uncovers his death. Dinesh lusts for Anjali. Velu saves Anjali after she gets kidnapped. He beats up Umapathi's goons and Umapathi; he threatens and beats up Umapathi.

Umapathi gets angry that Velu beat him up. Dinesh plans to kill Velu. So on a trip to [[Vellore]] for Anjali's cousin's wedding, Umapathi's goons attack Velu and Anjali; however, Velu beats up his goons. Velu asks Dinesh to get away with Anjali, unaware of Dinesh's diabolic shade. Dinesh reveals to Anjali how he is mad at her and that he was the one who organised the goons to kill Velu. There are also comedic incidents between Ezhumalai, Manickam (Velu's friend), and Bhooshan. The chit-fund customers revolt and damage the bank; Bose arrives at the location, arrests the chit-fund manager, and takes him away. Somehow, Umapathi discovers the manager's whereabouts. He reaches there with his men and the DIG. Bose beats up his goons, DIG and Umapathi. Dinesh stabs Bose with a knife, and he takes Dinesh's chain. The DIG and Umapathi also stabbed him with knives, nearly killing Bose. Umapathi kills the manager and frames Bose for the manager's murder. The DIG lies to the entire media and the people and makes them think Bose has swindled off all the people's money, and they organise protests. The doctor sees Bose leaving the hospital and informs Velu. Umapathi asks his men to dump the body. Velu ultimately rescues Bose from a burning bus. Bose dies in Velu's arms and sees the Srirangam gopuram, fulfilling his wish. Velu and his friends carry out his funeral rites and shave his head and beard. Velu receives a phone call that Bose's wife (Velu's sister-in-law) has given birth to a baby boy. His family is upset about Bose's disappearance, and Velu hides Bose's death.

Velu decides to take revenge on the people who killed his brother. First, he discovers Dinesh's locket in his pocket, which Bose left in his pocket before dying. He impales and kills Dinesh after discovering his involvement in Bose's death. Then he kills the DIG after luring him.

'''Present''': Umapathi also kidnaps Velu's entire family after seeing Velu saving Bose in the media recording. Velu goes to an old temple, where he kills Umapathi. He burst into tears and revealed that Bose was dead, and he rescued his family under the supervision of the new DIG, Gautham Ganesh, who supported him wholeheartedly.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Arun Vijay]] as Shankarvel “Velu”
* [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as ACP Subash Chandra Bose aka ACP Bose, Velu's brother
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as DIG Gautham Ganesh IPS
* [[Sai Dhanshika|Dhansika]] as Anjali, Velu's love interest
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Manickam, Velu's friend
* [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrashekar]] as Umapathi
* Hemanth as Dinesh, Velu's friend later killed by Velu after he betrayed Bose
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as DGP Easwarapandian
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Sivagnanam, a police officer
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Bhooshan
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Velu's father
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Velu's mother
* [[Anu Haasan]] as Bose's wife
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Anjali's father
* [[Shakeela]] as Mathangi, Manikkam and Bhooshan's mother
* [[Lollu Sabha Manohar]] as Ezhumalai, Manikkam and Bhooshan's father
* [[R. S. Shivaji]] as Avatar mama
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Anjali's father's friend
* [[Singamuthu]] as Guruji
* Durai Ramesh as land owner, later killed by Umapathi
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as bank manager
* Kovai Krishnan as chairman
* [[Pandi (actor)|Pandi]] as Velu's Friend
* [[Chaams]]
* [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]]
* [[Cool Suresh]] as lover boy
* [[Benjamin (actor)|Benjamin]]
* [[Citizen Mani]]
* [[Maran (actor)|Maran]] as Snake Shankar
*[[Shariq Hassan]] as One of the protestor (Uncredited)
{{colend}}

==Production==
In early September 2009, the title was revealed to be ''Maanja Velu''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arun Vijay in stylish action Thriller movie|Maanja Velu Film|Movies |url=http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/maanja-velu/news/arun-vijay-in-stylish-action-thriller-movie.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711112355/http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/maanja-velu/news/arun-vijay-in-stylish-action-thriller-movie.htm |archive-date=11 July 2012 |access-date=2012-06-01 |publisher=Movies.sulekha.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Feather Touch Roped in Arun Vijay|Maanja Velu Film|Movies |url=http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/maanja-velu/news/feather-touch-roped-in-arun-vijay.htm |access-date=2012-06-01 |publisher=Movies.sulekha.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 September 2009 |title=Arun becomes 'Manja Velu' |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/03092009-2.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907000312/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/03092009-2.shtml |archive-date=7 September 2009 |access-date=2012-06-01 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] made his comeback through this film, playing Arun's elder brother.<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-12-04 |title=Manja Velu is almost complete! |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14922345 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202084401/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14922345 |archive-date=2013-02-02 |access-date=2011-10-04 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Arun tonsured his head to give a new look and also hanged upside down for a scene.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bala |title=My maturity level was not so high |url=http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/arun-vijay.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525233203/http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/arun-vijay.html |archive-date=25 May 2010 |access-date=23 October 2011 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2010 |title=Arun Vijay dons a new garb |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2010/Jan/11/arun-vijay-dons-a-new-garb-159585.html |access-date=2025-10-02 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
{{further|Thunichal}}
Before the release, Dr. Kalidoss has stated that he had been in the film industry for the past 15 years and that he completed a film titled ‘Thunichal’ with Arun Vijay in the lead in the year 2008. He also stated that though the Censor Board had cleared the film, Arun Vijay had ‘purposely’ delayed the release of the film by not completing his portion of the ‘dubbing’ work. As he had spent Rs.2 crores till date, the producer told Vijay that he couldn't continue to shoot the film. Meanwhile, he was asked by the actor to release Thunichal after his ‘Malai Malai’ released. Due to his non-cooperation, instead of releasing ‘Thunichal’ in 160 theatres, I could release the film only in 16 theatres on 1 January this year, said Kalidoss. Due to this, I incurred a loss of Rs.1.5 crores, he added. "Due to the mental harassment I had to endure because of Arun Vijay, I couldn’t continue my profession as a doctor for the past 4 years. Vijay has to pay me Rs.1.5 crores and till he does so, the release of his ‘Maanja Velu’ should be stayed till the 19th of this month," he had stated in the petition<ref>{{cite web |title=Arun Vijay's 'Maanja Velu' is stayed by HC|Maanja Velu Film|Movies |url=http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/maanja-velu/news/arun-vijay-s-maanja-velu-is-stayed-by-hc.htm |access-date=2012-06-01 |publisher=Movies.sulekha.com}}</ref> Dr. Mohan, producer of ‘Maanja Velu’ and father-in-law of Arun Vijay, had filed a counter petition with the Court praying for vacation of the stay on the grounds that he, as a producer, had nothing to do with Dr. Kalidoss’ case and requested that as such, his film should be allowed to release on the stipulated date. Advocate G. Murugesh Kumar, who appeared on behalf of Dr. Mohan in the court of Mr. Justice [[T. S. Sivagnanam]], managed to putforth his point of view strongly before the Judge and said that Dr. Kalidoss had ‘wrongly informed’ the Court in the matter. As soon as the Judge announced that he'd be giving the verdict based on the ‘actual nature’ of the case, Dr. Kalidoss is said to have ‘withdrawn’ his petition from the Court. Following this, the Judge dismissed the petition and said that the film could release on 21 May as per its original schedule.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 17, 2010 |title=High Court clears hurdles in release of 'Maanja Velu' |url=http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/maanja-velu/news/high-court-clears-hurdles-in-release-of-maanja-velu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714025009/http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/maanja-velu/news/high-court-clears-hurdles-in-release-of-maanja-velu.htm |archive-date=14 Jul 2012 |access-date=2012-06-01 |website=[[Sulekha]]}}</ref>

==Music==
The soundtrack is composed by [[Mani Sharma]] and he reused "Eppadi Thaan Muraichu" and "Maanja Maanja" from "Niluvave" and "Sukku Sukku" from ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]'', respectively. "Ooril Ulla Uyirghalelaam" was reused from "Aaduvari Matalaku" from ''[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]''.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} Karthik Srinivasan of ''[[Milliblog]]'' said, "getting 3 decent tracks in a masala potboiler soundtrack is a huge win indeed".<ref>{{cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=2010-03-16 |title=Music review: Maanja Velu (Tamil – Manisharma) |url=https://milliblog.com/2010/03/16/music-review-maanja-velu-tamil-manisharma/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213132620/https://milliblog.com/2010/03/16/music-review-maanja-velu-tamil-manisharma/ |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=5 January 2025 |website=[[Milliblog]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Munneru Munneru
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Naveen
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| title2 = Eppadi Thaan Muraichu
| extra2 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| lyrics2 = Vaali
| title3 = Maanja Maanja
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| lyrics3 = Vaali
| title4 = Oh My Dear
| extra4 = Ranjith, [[Saindhavi]]
| lyrics4 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| title5 = Ooril Ulla Uyirghalelaam
| extra5 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| title6 = Maanja Maanja
| note6 = Retro Remix
| extra6 = [[Mukesh Mohamed]], Priya Subramaniam
| lyrics6 = Vaali
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 21 May 2010 alongside ''[[Magane En Marumagane]]'', ''[[Kanagavel Kaaka]]'', ''[[Kutti Pisasu]]'', ''[[Kola Kolaya Mundhirika]]'' and ''[[Police Police|Kutrapirivu]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-05-04 |title=More movies in May |url=http://sify.com/movies/More-movies-in-May-news-tamil-kkfqA0cjijf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612162734/http://www.sify.com/movies/More-movies-in-May-news-tamil-kkfqA0cjijf.html |archive-date=2013-06-12 |access-date=2012-11-08 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
The film has seen an above average opening with total collections running up to Rs.18 lakhs and weekend collections at Rs.3,38,177 in second week.<ref>{{cite web |title=Special » Chennai Box Office Collections – May 28–30 |url=http://600024.com/specials/chennai-box-office-collections-%e2%80%93-may-28-30/9/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524215527/http://600024.com/specials/chennai-box-office-collections-%e2%80%93-may-28-30/9/ |archive-date=24 May 2012 |access-date=2012-11-08 |publisher=600024.com}}</ref> After that, weekend saw Rs. 4,22,307 drawn in its favor with Rs. 26 lakhs over the last weeks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Special » Chennai Box Office Collections June 04–06 |url=http://600024.com/specials/chennai-box-office-collections-june-04-06/5/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602172233/http://600024.com/specials/chennai-box-office-collections-june-04-06/5/ |archive-date=2 June 2013 |access-date=2012-11-08 |publisher=600024.com}}</ref> Rs. 1,76,967 was made by the film this weekend with Rs.32 lakhs spanning over 3 weeks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Special » Chennai Box Office Collections June 11 to 13 |url=http://600024.com/specials/chennai-box-office-collections-june-11-to-13/3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804222954/http://600024.com/specials/chennai-box-office-collections-june-11-to-13/3/ |archive-date=4 August 2012 |access-date=2012-11-08 |publisher=600024.com}}</ref>

===Critical response===
Sify said, "On the whole director Venkatesh has dished out an average run of the mill mass masala cocktail which is quite entertaining in the first half but fizzles out in the second half with a predictable long drawn out climax".<ref>{{cite web |title=Maanja Velu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/maanja-velu-review-tamil-14942723.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326023429/http://www.sify.com/movies/maanja-velu-review-tamil-14942723.html |archive-date=2014-03-26 |access-date=2012-06-01 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The Times of India said, "The one thing that strikes you about Maanja Velu is what a talent house Tamil cinema has been. As you watch the parade of the seniors like Karthik, Prabhu, Vijaykumar and Vagai Chandrasekhar you feel glad that they came up with good, great, moving or simply lovable performances in the past. It does a lot to ease the heart burn caused by the so-called earthy cinema that we have been treated to for months and months now. Where you saw plenty of victims of circumstances on display, but so very lacking in angst that you came away from the movie without any emotional connect".<ref>{{cite news |title=Maanja Velu movie review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/tamil/Maanja-Velu/movie-review/5968741.cms |access-date=2012-06-01 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Chennaionline said, "Maanja Velu has all the ingredients of a masala flick but the problem is that it has no novelty or neatness to impress us".<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-05-27 |title=Movie Review: 'Maanja Velu' |url=http://chennaionline.com/movies/movie-reviews/20102527102500/Movie-Review-Maanja-Velu.col |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705003039/http://chennaionline.com/movies/movie-reviews/20102527102500/Movie-Review-Maanja-Velu.col |archive-date=5 July 2014 |access-date=2012-06-01 |publisher=ChennaiOnline}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{A. Venkatesh (director)}}

[[Category:2010 action films]]
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 masala films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Films set in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Een Chingba (Khamba Thoibi)

2026-02-26T22:00:29Z

Bsdmission: creating new data - done

{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

[[File:Khuman Khamba in the Loktak lake.jpg|thumb|[[Khuman Khamba]] and [[Thoibi]] meeting at the [[Loktak Lake]] during fishing activities]]

'''Een Chingba''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯏꯟ ꯆꯤꯡꯕ}}), also known as '''In Chingba''' or '''En Chingba''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯏꯟ ꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ}}), is an event from the [[Khamba Thoibi]] classical epic in [[Moirang Kangleirol]] genre of [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]]. The event centers on a fishing activity at [[Loktak Lake]] that was reserved exclusively for women and marks a notable meeting and bonding between [[Khuman Khamba]] and Princess [[Thoibi]].<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature">{{Cite book|title=Khamba Thoibi Ahanba Saruk|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467162|date=1963-02-25|first=Kabrambam|last=Gouramani|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|location=India|language=mni|others=Manipur University Library, Imphal; North Eastern States Libraries}}</ref><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature">{{Cite book|title=Khamba Thoibi|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.464230|first=Loitongbam Kalachand|last=Singh|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|year=1963|location=India|language=hi, mni|others=Manipur University Library, Imphal}}</ref><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature">{{Cite book|title=Khuman Khamba|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466825|last=Pramodini|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|year=1992|location=India|language=mni|others=Manipur University Library, Imphal; North Eastern States Libraries}}</ref><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature">{{Cite book|title=Moirang Shaion|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465120|first=Sarangthem|last=Bormani|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|year=2003|location=India|language=mni|others=Manipur University Library, Imphal; North Eastern States Libraries}}</ref>

== Fishing at Loktak lake ==

Princess Thoibi planned a fishing excursion at Loktak Lake and asked [[Khamnu]] to accompany her. When King Chingkhu Telheiba learned that the princess and her companions would be on the lake, he ordered that no man was allowed to go there.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

Khamnu informed her brother Khamba of the royal order and left him at home the next day.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

== Khamba’s dream and arrival at the lake ==

While Khamba was sleeping, he had a dream in which Goddess [[Ayangleima]], either [[Panthoibi]] or [[Koiren Leima]], appeared to him in the form of Khamnu and asked him to go to the lake. After waking, Khamba wondered about the dream. God [[Thangjing]] caused him to believe that he had truly seen his sister.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

Khamba then rowed a boat onto the lake but went in the wrong direction. God Thangjing covered the hills with clouds, and a sudden storm arose. The storm pushed Khamba's boat toward the place where Princess Thoibi was fishing.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

== Meeting of Khamba and Thoibi ==

Princess Thoibi saw Khamba standing near her and asked Khamnu if she knew the strange man who had disobeyed the royal order. Khamnu denied knowing him. Hearing his sister's voice, Khamba moved closer.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

Thoibi noticed Khamba's handsome appearance, strength, and fine form. Khamba was equally amazed by Thoibi's beauty and charm. It was considered the will of the gods that they should become lovers. Khamnu feared that her brother would be punished for breaking the royal command.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

== Discovery of Khamba’s identity ==

Thoibi noticed that a piece of cloth worn by Khamba matched Khamnu's cloth. She also saw that Khamba was wearing a bracelet she had previously given to Khamnu. Later, Khamnu revealed the truth about Khamba's identity.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

After learning the truth, Thoibi treated Khamba kindly. She offered him fine food. Before Khamnu returned, Thoibi gave Khamba gifts.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

== Oath of love ==

Khamba and Thoibi bound themselves by an oath before God [[Khuman Pokpa]], the ancestral deity ([[apokpa]]) of the [[Khuman]] clan. They drank water in which a golden bracelet had been dipped and vowed to remain lovers forever. After the oath, Thoibi addressed Khamnu as her sister.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

== Visit to Khamba’s house ==

In another meeting, Princess Thoibi asked Khamnu to show her their house. They arrived at an old and damaged dwelling. Thoibi sat on a red cloth near the northern pillar. Because the house had many holes, Khamba hid himself inside a mat.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

When Thoibi asked about the mat, Khamnu said it was the place of worship for God [[Khuman Pokpa]]. Thoibi asked permission to pray to the deity and expressed a wish to worship there daily. Though she knew the truth, she pretended ignorance.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

As Thoibi prayed aloud, Khamba heard her voice and laughed. Thoibi then said that the god was speaking.<ref name=":Gouramani_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Loitongbam_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Pramodini_classical_literature" /><ref name=":Sarangthem_classical_literature" />

== See also ==
* [[Fishing in Meitei culture]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Keke Moirang]]
[[Category:Fishing]]

Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai

2026-02-23T10:52:13Z

Bsdmission: Creating Initial Biography More To Come

{{short description|Indian mythological television series}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Maha Kali.jpg
| genre = [[Mythology]] [[Drama]]
| based_on = ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]'' ''[[Kalika Purana]]'' ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]''
| creative_director = Nitin Mathura Gupta
| creator = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
| writer = Vinod Sharma
| story = Siddharth Kumar Tewary Utkarsh Naithani
| screenplay = Utkarsh Naithani
| starring = [[#Cast|See Below]]
| open_theme = ''Kram Kreem Hum Hreem Kalikaye Hum Phat''
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 95
| producer = Gayatri Gil Tewary Rahul Kumar Tewary
| cinematography = Anshumann Mandlay
| editor = Paresh Shah Madan Mishra
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]]
| runtime = 45 minutes
| company = [[Swastik Productions]]
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2017|7|22}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|8|5}}
| image_alt =
| list_episodes =
| released =
}}
'''''Mahakaali — Anth Hi Aarambh Hai''''' ({{Translation|''Mahakali — The end marks the beginning''}}) is an Indian Hindi-language television series that premiered on 22 July 2017 on [[Colors TV]] and concluded on 5 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/lite/2017/07/colors-opens-weekend-7pm-slot-with-mahakali/|title=Colors opens weekend 7pm slot with Mahakali|website=Best Media Info|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718074138/https://bestmediainfo.com/lite/2017/07/colors-opens-weekend-7pm-slot-with-mahakali/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The show traced the epic story of [[Parvati|Goddess Parvati's]] metamorphosis into [[Mahakali|Goddess Mahakali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/colors-launch-mahakali-weekend-1900-slot/|title=Colors to launch 'Mahakali' in weekend 19:00 slot|website=Biz Asia|date=15 July 2017 }}</ref>
Produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary's [[Swastik Productions]], it starred [[Pooja Sharma (Indian actress)|Pooja Sharma]] in the title role of [[Mahakali|Goddess Mahakali]] and [[Saurabh Raj Jain|Sourabh Raj Jain]] as [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.comtv/india/pooja-sharma-to-play-the-title-role-in-siddharth-kumar-tewarys-mahakali/articleshow/57772474.cms|title=Pooja Sharma to play the title role in Siddhaarth Kumar Tewary's 'Mahakali' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Plot==

The show's plot revolves around the much-adored tale of [[Parvati]] (the wife of Shiva) and her alter-ego, [[Mahakali]].

[[Mahadevi|Adishakti]], the Goddess of the Universe creates the trinity gods [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]], but creates only two respective wives, one for Brahma and Vishnu, [[Saraswati]] and [[Lakshmi]]. According to her promise to Shiva, who expressed his love to her, she takes multiple births on earth to woo and wed Him. He is entrusted with the duty of transforming her earthly incarnations into [[Mahakali]] but failed 107 times (of which the 107th birth was of [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]]). So, Adishakti finally incarnates as the Goddess of the Himalayas and is named as Parvati the 108th birth.

With her strong will and intense devotion, Parvati becomes the wife of Shiva. However, their marriage is threatened when the demon king [[Shumbha and Nishumbha|Shumbha]] along with his brother [[Sumbha and Nisumbha|Nishumbha]] and their demon army attacks. Shumbha expresses his desire to marry Parvati and wages war against Shiva. In an attempt to protect all those who have taken up refuge in her home at Mount Kailash, Parvati rushes into the war, successfully channeling Mahakali, her untamed avenger warrior side through her unbound rage. Her rampage inspires other goddesses like [[Lakshmi]], [[Saraswati]] and [[Indrani]] to bring forth their inner warriors and fight alongside Mahakali.

Mahakali is able to overthrow Shumbha's and Nishumbha's tyrannical rule and slay all his associates (including famed demons like [[Mahishasura]], [[Bhandasura]], [[Tārakāsura|Tarakasura]], [[Raktabīja|Raktabija]] and [[Chanda and Munda]]) in the process.

In years following her triumph, Shiva and Parvati expand their family to include their sons [[Ganesha]] and [[Kartikeya]]. Further stories highlight annihilation of threats like Banasura, Narakasura, Arunasura, Durgamasura, Andhakasura and the like – all being formidable demons she famously killed in various incarnations. The show also highlights the importance of family sticking up for each other, as the Kailash-Parivar face multiple social challenges and deconstruct many primitive thought processes.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Pooja Sharma (Indian actress)|Pooja Sharma]] as [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]] / [[Parvati]]
** Also as [[Shakti]] / [[Mahadevi|Adi Parashakti]] / [[Kali]] / [[Mahakali]] / [[Chamunda]] / [[Bhadrakali]] / [[Tara (Mahavidya)|Tara]] / [[Tripura Sundari]] / [[Bhuvaneshvari]] / [[Bhairavi]] / [[Chhinnamasta]] / [[Dhumavati]] / [[Bagalamukhi]] / [[Matangi]] / [[Kamalatmika]] / [[Ambika (goddess)|Ambika]] / [[Ardhanarishvara]] / [[Durga]] / [[Shailaputri]] / [[Brahmacharini]] / [[Chandraghanta]] / [[Kushmanda]] / [[Skandamata]] / [[Katyayani]]/ [[Kalaratri]] / [[Mahagauri]] / [[Siddhidhatri]] / [[Kamakhya]] / [[Annapurna (goddess)|Annapurna]] / [[Mhalsa]] / [[Hinglaj Mata Temple|Hinglaj Mata]] / [[Devi Kanya Kumari]] / [[Shakambhari]]
* [[Sourabh Raaj Jain]] as [[Shiva]]
** Also as [[Virabhadra|Veerabhadra]] / [[Bhairava]] / [[Ardhanarishvara]] / [[Mahakala|Mahakal]] / [[Khandoba|Martanda Bhairava]] / [[Nataraja]]
* [[Meghan Jadhav]] as [[Kartikeya]]
* Krish Chauhan as [[Ganesha]]
* [[Nikita Sharma]] as [[Lakshmi]] / [[Radha]]
* [[Kanan Malhotra]] as [[Vishnu]] / [[Krishna]]
* [[Falaq Naaz]] as [[Saraswati]]
* [[Akash Kumar]] as [[Brahma]]
* Gagan Kang / Manish Bishla as [[Indra]]
* [[Chahat Pandey]] as [[Devasena]]
* Arjit Lavania / [[Abhishek Avasthi]] as [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]]
* Hitanshu Jinsi as [[Vayu]]
* Arjun Singh Dalal as [[Surya]]
* Pratham Kunwar / Akhil Kataria as [[Chandra]]
* [[Vishal Nayak]] as [[Agni]]
* Jai Harshvardhan Dhull as [[Varuna]]
* Naveen Jinger as [[Himavan]]
* [[Debina Bonnerjee|Debina Bonerjee]] / [[Rimpi Das]] as [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]]
* Himanshu Bamzai as [[Narantaka-Devantaka]]
* Sandeep Aurora as Sugriv
* Vijay Badlani as [[Narada|Narada]]
* [[Deepak Jethi]] as [[Daksha]]
* Sampada Vaze as [[Prasuti]]
* [[Rohit Khurana]] as [[Shani]]
* Preeti Chaudhary as Kritika
* [[Nimai Bali]] as [[Shukra|Maharishi Ushana]]
* Brownie Parashar as [[Bhringi]]
* [[Shafaq Naaz]] as [[Tulasi in Hinduism|Vrinda]]
* [[Chandni Bhagwanani]] as Behula
* [[Reshmi Ghosh]] as [[Manasa]]
* [[Amrita Prakash]] / [[Divyangana Jain]] as [[Mohini|Mohini]]
* Farooq Saeed as [[Gautama]]
* Piyali Munsi as [[Ahalya]]
* Pranav Sahay as [[Dāruka]]
* Sneha Namanandi as [[Daruka]]
* [[Vinit Kakar]] as [[Madhu-Kaitabha|Madhu]]
* [[Rohit Bakshi (actor)|Rohit Bakshi]] as [[Kamadeva]] / [[Bhandasura]]
* [[Vinita Mahesh|Vinita Joshi Takkar]] as [[Rati|Rati]]
* [[Aabhaas Mehta]] as [[Shumbha and Nishumbha|Shumbha]]
* Danish Akhtar / Varun Pandey as [[Shumbha and Nishumbha|Nishumbha]]
* Sagar Saikia as [[Raktabija]]
* Kamaljeet Rana as Dushan
* [[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]] as [[Bhimasura]]
* Prateek Vohra as [[Hiranyaksha]]
* Joy Mathur as [[Tarakasura]]
* [[Nirbhay Wadhwa]] as [[Mahishasura]]
* [[Kunal Bakshi]] as [[Andhaka|Andhakasura]]
* V S Prince Ratan as Akash Dev
* Dinesh Mehta as [[Narakasura]]
* [[Shaji Choudhary]] as [[Banasura]]
* [[Shilpa Saklani]] as [[Diti]]
* Unknown as [[Adi (asura)|Adi]]

==Production==
===Development===
{{blockquote|We are utilizing high-end VFX and prosthetics to highlight the fantastical element in the story, in keeping with the mythological era. Intense research has led us to the ideal depiction on-screen, and we hope that the viewers like Mahakaali as much as they have supported Karmphal Data Shani.”
|[[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/industry-briefing-news/colors-to-soon-unveil-mahakaalianth-hi-aarambh-hai-69652.html|title=COLORS to soon unveil 'Mahakaali: Anth Hi Aarambh Hai'|website=exchange4media
}}</ref>}}
Actress [[Pooja Sharma (Indian actress)|Pooja Sharma]] also shared that it took nearly 3–4 hours for her to get painted in her Kali avatar. The set designs were different from other similar shows as the producer, Siddharth Tiwary, shared that he wanted the concept of the visualisation to be unique, and that the story would be blend of some fiction and stories from different Puranas.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/_WSocHO7vVU Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170715064143/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WSocHO7vVU&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WSocHO7vVU&t=500s| title = Mahakali: First Set Visit With Saurabh Raj Jain, Pooja Sharma & Siddharth Kumar Tewary | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Ratings===
The show opened up with 6507 impressions and was the third most watched urban television show in its debut week in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/latest-barc-india-ratings-khatron-ke-khiladi-and-mahakali-open-to-big-numbers-colors-soars-up-on-the-list-4781194/lite/|title=Latest BARC India Ratings: Khatron Ke Khiladi and Mahakali open to big numbers, Colors soars to new heights|website=Indian Express|date=4 August 2017}}</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, "The show is a perfect blend of drama and mythology. Compared to the other shows, the VFX effects used in Mahakali are excellent and seeps one into the world of fantasy. Right from the backdrop setting to the costume drama, the make-believe looks convincing and draws you into its tale. The show has elaborate costumes and jewellery which make it furthermore engaging to watch."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mahakali: 5 reasons why the show is winning the hearts of telly viewers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahakali-5-reasons-why-the-show-is-winning-the-hearts-of-telly-viewers/articleshow/60062106.cms|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2017 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|7194736}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahakali Anth hi Aarambh hai}}
[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Swastik Productions television series]]
[[Category:Kali in popular culture]]

Amit Nimade

2026-02-22T11:53:47Z

Bsdmission: created new stub

{{short description|Indian photographer (born 1976)}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Amit Nimade
| image = WikiLovesAward AmitNimade.jpg
| caption = Nimade with Wikimedia India Award 2017
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|02|10}}
| birth_place = [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh, [[India]]
| occupation = Photographer
| years_active = 2014–present
}}

'''Amit Nimade''' is an Indian photographer known for his work in [[Fine-art_photography|fine art]], heritage, and [[Documentary_photography|documentary photography]]. His work has received national and international recognition through photography competitions and coverage in Indian newspapers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhopal amateur turns into a world-class photographer |newspaper=Free Press Journal |location=Bhopal |date=2017 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-amateur-turns-into-a-world-class-photographer |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=10 Instagrammers who are colouring it all on Holi this year |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/10-instagrammers-who-are-colouring-it-all-on-holi-this-year/articleshow/57550968.cms |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Amit Nimade was born in [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh, India, and later lived in [[Bhopal]]. He began pursuing photography in 2014, gradually developing an interest in fine art and documentary photography. His early journey into professional photography and subsequent recognition were highlighted by Indian newspapers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhopal amateur turns into a world-class photographer |newspaper=Free Press Journal |location=Bhopal |date=2017 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-amateur-turns-into-a-world-class-photographer |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
Nimade began pursuing photography professionally in 2014, gradually establishing himself in fine art, heritage, and documentary photography. His early work focused on architectural heritage and cultural documentation, with an emphasis on visual storytelling through historical monuments and public spaces.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhopal amateur turns into a world-class photographer |newspaper=Free Press Journal |location=Bhopal |date=2017 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-amateur-turns-into-a-world-class-photographer |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

In 2017, his work gained national recognition after he was named a national winner at the [[Wiki Loves Monuments]] (India) photography competition, organised as part of the Wikimedia movement. Two of his photographs were selected among the national winners, with images of the [[Sanchi Stupa]] and [[Humayun’s Tomb]] securing positions within the top ten at the national level. His work was also listed among the finalists at the international level of the competition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Loves Monuments 2017 in India |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Monuments_2017_in_India |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Loves Monuments 2017 winners |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Monuments_2017_winners |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news
|title=सांची स्तूप और हुमायूं का मकबरा टॉप-10 भारतीय स्मारकों में शामिल
|trans-title=Sanchi Stupa and Humayun's Tomb selected in top 10 Indian monuments
|newspaper=Patrika
|location=Bhopal
|date=2017
|url=https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/sanchi-stupa-and-humayuns-tomb-selected-in-top-10-indian-monuments-2003990
|language=hi
|access-date=27 December 2025
}}</ref>

Alongside monument photography, Nimade has worked on documentary-style visual projects addressing social themes. He directed a [[short film]] titled ''Nanhe Kadam'', which focused on cleanliness and public awareness in alignment with the [[Swachh Bharat]] campaign. His work on social themes has been covered by Indian print media.<ref>{{cite news |title=Photography and short films highlight social awareness |newspaper=The Hitavada |location=Bhopal |date=2017}}</ref>

Nimade has also received international recognition through photography competitions. In 2017, he was a recipient of an award at the Chiiz International Photography Contest, as reported by Indian media.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amit Nimade wins international photography award |newspaper=SearchStory |date=2017 |url=https://searchstory.in/read/289 |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref>

His work and professional journey have been featured by Indian newspapers, highlighting his transition into professional photography, achievements in national and international competitions, and engagement with socially relevant visual themes.<ref>{{cite news |title=10 Instagrammers who are colouring it all on Holi this year |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/10-instagrammers-who-are-colouring-it-all-on-holi-this-year/articleshow/57550968.cms |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
Nimade has received recognition at the state, national, and international levels for his work in photography.

* '''Wiki Loves Monuments India (2017):''' Two of his photographs were selected among the national winners of the Wiki Loves Monuments photography competition in India. His images of the [[Sanchi Stupa]] and [[Humayun’s Tomb]] secured positions within the top ten at the national level.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Loves Monuments 2017 in India |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Monuments_2017_in_India |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Loves Monuments 2017 winners |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Monuments_2017_winners |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

* '''Chiiz International Photography Contest (2017):''' Nimade received an award at the international photography competition organised by Chiiz Photography Magazine, as reported by Indian media.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amit Nimade wins international photography award |newspaper=SearchStory |date=2017 |url=https://searchstory.in/read/289 |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Amit_Nimade_with_Chiiz_International_Photography_Contest_Award,_2017.jpg|thumb|Nimade with the Chiiz International Photography Contest award, 2017]]

* '''35th All India Level Photography Award (2016):''' He received an award in the category ''Natural Beauty of Flowers'' at the national-level photography competition organised by the Rose Society, Indian Rose Federation, and the Department of Horticulture, [[Government of India]]. The award ceremony is documented through images uploaded to [[Wikimedia Commons]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amit Nimade – 35th All India Level Photography Award |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amit_Nimade_receiving_35th_All_India_Level_Photography_Award,_2016.jpg |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref>

* '''State Level Photography Award (2016):''' Nimade was honoured with a state-level photography award during International Biodiversity Day celebrations organised by the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]. Photographs from the award ceremony have been made available on Wikimedia Commons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amit Nimade – State Level Photography Award ceremony |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amit_Nimade_receiving_State_Level_Photography_Award_2016.jpg |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref>

== Media coverage ==
Nimade’s work and professional journey have been covered by several national and regional Indian newspapers and online news outlets. Media coverage has highlighted his transition into professional photography, achievements in national and international competitions, and engagement with socially relevant visual themes.<ref>{{cite news |title=10 Instagrammers who are colouring it all on Holi this year |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/10-instagrammers-who-are-colouring-it-all-on-holi-this-year/articleshow/57550968.cms |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhopal amateur turns into a world-class photographer |newspaper=Free Press Journal |location=Bhopal |date=2017 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-amateur-turns-into-a-world-class-photographer |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref>

Nimade’s photographs of the Sanchi Stupa and Humayun’s Tomb were selected among the top 10 Indian monuments, as reported by *Patrika* in 2017.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Sanchi Stupa and Humayun’s Tomb selected in top 10 Indian monuments
|url=https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/sanchi-stupa-and-humayuns-tomb-selected-in-top-10-indian-monuments-2003990
|newspaper=Patrika
|location=Bhopal
|date=16 November 2017
|language=hi
|access-date=27 December 2025
}}</ref>

Nimade’s work was featured on World Photography Day in a 2025 article by SearchStory, highlighting his contributions to [[visual culture]] and photography in Indore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indore’s pride on World Photography Day 2025 |newspaper=SearchStory |date=2025 |url=https://searchstory.in/read/809 |language=hi |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref>

Nimade has also been cited by Hindi-language newspapers for his commentary on emerging photography trends, including pre-maternity photo shoots and evolving visual practices.<ref>{{cite news
|title=फोटोग्राफर अमित निमाड़े बताते हैं प्री-वेडिंग शूट के ट्रेंड के बाद इन दिनों प्री-मेटरनिटी फोटोशूट का चलन
|trans-title=Photographer Amit Nimade discusses the growing trend of pre-maternity photo shoots
|newspaper=Naidunia
|location=Bhopal
|date=2018
|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-pre-maternity-shoot-1546950
|language=hi
|access-date=27 December 2025
}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Fine-art photography]]
* [[Documentary photography]]
* [[Wiki Loves Monuments]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{portal|India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nimade, Amit}}

[[Category:Photographers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

City Vocational Public School

2026-02-21T09:58:42Z

Bsdmission: expand content per sources

{{About|an English medium, senior secondary school in [[Meerut]]||CVPS (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox school
| name = City Vocational Public School
| logo = City_Vocational_Public_School,_Logo.jpg
| seal_image =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto = "Learn To Shine"
| location = 250, Circular Road
| city = [[Meerut]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| zipcode = 250001
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.0028093|N|77.687621|E|type:edu_region:IN-UP|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| established = 1990
| founder = Lt. Chandra Sen Agarwal
| status = Open
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| chairperson = Sarojini Agarwal
| director = O. P. Agarwal
| principal = N. P. Singh
| teaching_staff = 125
| grades = Nur-12
| gender = [[Co-educational]]
| enrollment = 3042 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cvpschool.com/cvps_student_count.htm|title=CVPS Student Details|website=www.cvpschool.com|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref>
| language = English
| campus_size = 5.93 [[acres]]
| houses = {{color box|yellow}} Aravali, {{color box|blue}} Nilgiri, {{color box|green}} Shivalik, {{color box|red}} Vindhya
| mascot =
| footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cvpschool.com/cvps_teachers.htm|title=CVPS Vocational public School Teaching Staff|website=www.cvpschool.com|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cvpschool.com/cvps_mgntlist.htm|title=CVPS Management|website=www.cvpschool.com|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref>
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], Dehradun
| website = [http://www.cvpschool.com www.cvpschool.com]
}}

'''City Vocational Public School''' is an [[English-medium education|English]]-medium, private, senior secondary school in [[Meerut]] Cantonment, [[India]]. It is [[co-educational]] non-boarding school affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://cbseaff.nic.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/AppViewdir.aspx?affno=2130125|title=Complete Information Form|website=cbseaff.nic.in|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref>

== History ==
Late Shri Chandra Sen Agarwal, retired Joint Director of Education U.P. and Ex-Secretary, Board of High and Intermediate Education, U.P. Allahabad, laid the foundation of this institution in the year 1990. He was the director of the school at the start.
The first principal of the school Mr. P.N Raina served as the principal for a short period till around 1991
. From 1992 onwards, Smt Suman Khare was the principal of City vocational public school. The first batch of class 10 students passed out in the year 1995 - the same year that Smt Suman khare died due to illness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityvocational.com/cvps_founder.htm|title=CVPS|website=www.cityvocational.com|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref> The school initially stated functioning from the campus of today's Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.miet.ac.in/background|title=Background|website=www.miet.ac.in|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref>

== Campus ==
School is located in quiet surroundings of Meerut Cantonment.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityvocational.com/cvps_infrastructure.htm|title=CVPS Infrastructure|website=www.cityvocational.com|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref> The school campus is spread in an area of {{Convert|23998|sqm|acre|2|abbr=on}} with 2 playground, 115 rooms, 12 labs and 2 libraries. It also have 10 Digital Classrooms with [[Wi-Fi|wifi]] facility.<ref name=":1" />

== Affiliation and examination ==
The school is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi.<ref name=":0" /> It is also a center for CBSE board examinations.

== Academics ==
=== Results ===
Passing percentage (percentage of students passing the examination) for board examinations are as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityvocational.com/cvps_vital_information.aspx|title=CVPS Vital Information|website=www.cityvocational.com|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/cbse-8/CITY-VOCATIONAL-PUBLIC-SCHOOL-250-CIRCULAR-ROAD-MEERUT-CANTT-MEERUT-UTTAR-PRADESH-2130125|title=City Vocational Public School 250 Circular Road Meerut Cantt Meerut Uttar Pradesh|website=www.thelearningpoint.net|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Passing percentages
!Year
!10th
!12th
|-
|2014
|99.2%
|90%
|-
|2015<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/CBSE-Class-X-results-1208-get-perfect-score-in-district/articleshow/47462297.cms|title=CBSE Class X results: 1,208 get perfect score in district - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref>
|98.0%
|84.46%
|-
|2016
|97.3%
|85.0%
|-
|2017
| -
| -
|}

== Extracurricular activities ==
The School has facility to support an array of sports activities like [[cricket]], [[basketball]], [[badminton]], [[table tennis]], [[volleyball]]. The school also has a dedicated cricket academy with practice nets. Students are grouped into four houses, [[Aravalli Range|Aravali]], [[Nilgiri mountains|Nilgiri]], [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik]] and [[Vindhya Range|Vindhya]], named after mountain ranges of India. Inter house activities like quizzes, debates and cultural functions<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/republic-day-will-be-many-programs-148608|title=गणतंत्र दिवस पर होंगे कई कार्यक्रम - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref> are organized throughout the session to promote healthy competition. An annual sports week is organized where every house's performance is recorded for the overall championship. As a part of co-curricular events are organized from time to time providing an opportunity for students to showcase their talent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityvocational.com/cvps_activities.htm|title=CVPS Activities|website=www.cityvocational.com|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref>

In December 2015, school's cricket team won the 6th All India Hema Kohli Cricket Tournament by defeating Karan Public School in the final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/city-vocational-public-school-won-hema-kohli-tournament-102122|title=सिटी वोकेशनल बना हेमा कोहली टी-20 चैंपियन - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-12408905.html|title=सिटी वोकेशनल और करन के बीच होगी खिताबी भिडंत 12408905|work=jagran|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref> It has participated and won in various other tournaments in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/dainik-jagran-cricket-tournament-starts-99268|title=दैनिक जागरण क्रिकेट टूर्नामेंट का हुआ आगाज - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/karan-public-school-won-vivek-pandey-memorial-cricket-tournament-77992|title=करन ने जीता विवेक पांडे टूर्नामेंट - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/149788332320-modipuram-news|title=गॉडविन किक्रेट एकादमी व दधिचि क्रिकेट एकादमी ने अपने मैच जीते- Amarujala|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=2017-06-20|language=en}}</ref>

Schools's Basket Ball team is also an active participant in various district and state-level tournaments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-13224551.html|title=केएल व सिटी वोकेशनल ने बास्केटबॉल में बनाई बढ़त 13224551|work=jagran|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/girl-college-basketball-tournament-in-sophia-start-100313|title=सोफिया व सेंट मेरीज की जीत से शुरुआत - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
* Public Choice Awards 2016: CVPS was voted 1st in category: 'Public Choice Award 2016 - School of Excellence' for the city of [[Meerut]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://publicchoiceawards.com/winners.php|title=Public Choice Award|website=publicchoiceawards.com|access-date=2017-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009113831/http://publicchoiceawards.com/winners.php|archive-date=9 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
In 2015, the school, among other private schools in the district, came under media criticism for being autocratic in determining various fees and commissions on books, dress etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/cbse-schools-reached-complaint-77129|title=सीबीएसई तक हुई पब्लिक स्कूलों की शिकायत - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref>

In 2017, the school among various other schools, was accused of not prescribing [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|NCERT]] books in its curriculum which is against the CBSE norm. CBSE sent a notice to the school and sought clarification in this regard with a provision of penalizing in case of failure to justify.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/meerut-number-one-in-arbitrary-156126|title='मनमानी' में मेरठ नंबर वन - Meerut City News,Inext Live|website=inextlive.jagran.com|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref> This led to the school administration publishing a list of books prescribed in the curriculum for classes 1 to 12 on their website.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityvocational.com/book_list_2017_18.pdf|title=Book List 2017-18|website=www.cityvocational.com|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of educational institutions in Meerut district|List of educational institutions in Meerut]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Schools in Meerut]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Private schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Meerut]]

John Low (East India Company officer)

2026-02-09T08:52:50Z

Bsdmission: refined information per sources and improved wording

{{Short description|Madras Army officer and colonial administrator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name = John Low
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCSI|KCB|FRSE}}
| image = The Late General Sir John Low (cropped-1).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = ''The Late General Sir John Low'' (24 January 1880)<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 January 1880 |title=The Late General Sir John Low |pages=85 |work=[[The Illustrated London News]] |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_illustrated-london-news_1880-01-24_76_2121/page/84/mode/2up}}</ref>
| birth_date = 13 December 1788
| death_date = 10 January 1880 (aged 91)
| birth_place = Clatto House, [[Fife]]
| death_place = [[Norwood, Surrey]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| allegiance = [[East India Company]]
| branch = [[Madras Army]]
| serviceyears = 1805–1857
| rank = {{unbulleted list|[[General (United Kingdom)|General]]}}
| commands =
| battles = {{Tree list}}
*[[Napoleonic Wars]]
**[[Invasion of Java (1811)]]
*[[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]
**[[Battle of Sitabuldi]]
**[[Battle of Mahidpur]]
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label =
| awards =
| spouse = {{marriage|Augusta Shakespear|1829}}
| children = 9 (see below)
| laterwork =
| memorials =
}}

[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir John Low''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCSI|KCB|FRSE}} (13 December 1788 – 10 January 1880) was a [[Madras Army]] officer and colonial administrator.

==Early life==
Born at Clatto House, near [[Cupar]] in [[Fife]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|access-date=27 May 2017|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074135/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> the eldest son of Captain Robert Low of Clatto, and his wife (the daughter of Dr. Robert Malcolm).

He was educated at St. Andrews University, attending the sessions of 1802–3 (Register), and in 1804 obtained a Madras cadetship on the nomination of John Hudleston.<ref name="DNB">{{cite DNB|wstitle=Low, John|volume=34}}</ref>

==Military career==
On 17 July 1805 Low was commissioned as a lieutenant in the [[1st Madras Native Infantry]]. For the part taken by six of its companies in [[Vellore mutiny]] the regiment was disbanded in January 1807; Low became an officer in the reformed 24th Madras Infantry. In 1816 the 24th was renumbered as the 1st Madras Infantry, in recognition of its conduct at the [[Battle of Sitabuldi]]. Low became captain in the regiment in 1820, major 17th Madras infantry (late 2nd battalion 24th) in 1828, and lieutenant-colonel 19th Madras infantry in 1834. In 1839 he obtained the colonelcy of his old corps, the 1st Madras Infantry, which he held for the rest of his life. He became a major-general in 1854, lieutenant-general in 1859, general in 1867, and was placed on the retired list in 1874.<ref name="DNB"/>

Low saw in his early years varied military service. He was attached to the office of the quartermaster-general, 11 May 1810; rejoined his corps in February 1811; was attached to the [[59th Foot]] in the [[Invasion of Java (1811)|Java expedition of 1811]], and was wounded at the storming of [[Fort Cornelis]]. He was brigade-major in the ceded districts, and was Persian interpreter and head of the intelligence staff to Colonel Dowse in the South Mahratta country in 1812–13. He was in commissariat charge of Brigadier [[William Tuyl]]'s force sent against the Guntoor rebels in 1816; and was present at the defeat of the Mahrattas at the [[Battle of Mahidpur]], 21 December 1817, as extra aide-de-camp to [[Sir John Malcolm]]. In March following, as first political assistant to Malcolm, he was employed with a force of three thousand men and ten guns in pacifying the Chindwarra district.<ref name="DNB"/>

== Politics ==
Low induced the Mahratta [[Peshwa]], [[Baji Rao II]], to place himself under British protection. When Baji Rao retired to [[Bithoor]], near [[Kanpur]], Low was appointed Resident there. He filled the post for six years. From that time Low's services were mostly political, though at [[Lucknow]] and later at [[Hyderabad]] his functions included the control of troops. In 1825 he became political agent at [[Jeypore]]. In 1830 he was appointed by [[Lord William Bentinck]] to a similar post in [[Gwalior State]], where he opposed the regent [[Baiza Bai]]. In 1831 he was sent as Resident to Lucknow.<ref name="DNB"/>

In 1837 the [[East India Company]] took over the government of [[Oudh State]]. Low suggested the alternative of deposing the king and placing the heir-apparent on the throne, and the governor-general [[George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland|Lord Auckland]] left the matter to Low. Meanwhile, the king died suddenly; a pretender and court favourite was placed on the throne and the heir was taken prisoner. Summoning a Bengal regiment to his aid, Low, after a parley, had the gates of the palace blown open and the pretender seized. The heir was then installed by the British resident. Low was made [[Companion of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath|CB]] on 20 July 1838. He made efforts to suppress a ''[[taluqdar]]'', [[Bhagwant Singh]], in 1841. In poor health, he returned to the United Kingdom in 1842.<ref name="DNB"/>

Low returned to India in 1847, and in 1848 was appointed the governor-general's agent in [[Rajputana]] and commissioner at [[Ajmer-Merwara]]. There he remained until 1852, when he was sent by [[Lord Dalhousie]] to Hyderabad, in succession to [[James Stuart Fraser]], as resident with the Nizam. There he negotiated the treaty by which the [[Berar Division]] was assigned to the British government, in return for the maintenance of the Hyderabad subsidiary force.<ref name="DNB"/>

On 22 September 1853 Low was appointed a member of council. His experience of Indian princes was wide, but had not made him a hawk. In February 1854, he protested the [[Nagpur]] annexation; on this, and on other occasions, his views were ignored by Dalhousie. In the questions that ended with the annexation of Awadh, Low advocated interference in 1855. When early in May 1857 news presaging the [[Indian Rebellion]], Low at first advised leniency; but the outbreaks at [[Meerut]] and [[Delhi]] saw him advocate the recovery of Delhi.<ref name="DNB"/>

==Last years==
In In April 1858, Low returned to the United Kingdom. He was made a [[Knight Commander of the Bath]] in 1862, and a GCSI in 1873. He died at [[Norwood, Surrey]] on 10 January 1880, at age 91, but was buried near his family home in the churchyard at [[Kemback]] in Fife.

He had received the East India war medal with clasps for Java and Mahidpur, the British war medal for Java, and the [[Indian Mutiny Medal]].<ref name="DNB"/>

==Family==
[[File:Augusta Shakespear Buck.jpg|thumb|Augusta Shakespear (1826)]]
In 1829, Low married Augusta Shakespear, second daughter of John Talbot Shakespear, Bengal civil service, and sister of Sir [[Richmond Shakespear]], one of Low's assistants at Lucknow. They had four sons and five daughters:<ref>[[Ferdinand Mount]], ''The Tears of the Rajas: Mutiny, Money and Marriage in India 1805–1905'' (2015).</ref>

* Susan Elizabeth Low (1830–1831)
* Emily Low (1832–1832)
* Charlotte Herbert Low (1833–1853), who married [[Sir Theophilus John Metcalfe, 5th Baronet]], of the [[Bengal Civil Service]]
* [[Malcolm Low|William Malcolm Low]] (1835–1923), [[Conservative party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Grantham (UK Parliament constituency)|Grantham]], who married Ida Matilda Alice Feilding, daughter of [[William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh]], and is the great-great-grandfather of British politician [[David Cameron]]
* [[Robert Cunliffe Low|General Sir Robert Cunliffe Low]] (1838–1911), [[British Indian Army]] officer
* John Alwes Low R.N. (1840–1932), who married Jane Hooper<ref>{{cite book|author=The Marquis of Ruvigny and Ranieval|title=The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal: The Mortimer-Percy Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOHHuwI8tD4C&pg=PA532|date=1 May 2013|publisher=Heritage Books|isbn=978-0-7884-1872-3|page=532}}</ref>
* Irvine Low (1841–1881), who married Agnes Harriet Liston Foulis, daughter of [[Sir William Liston-Foulis, 8th Baronet]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/gentlemansmagaz59unkngoog|year=1866|publisher=Edw. Cave|page=[https://archive.org/details/gentlemansmagaz59unkngoog/page/n128 118]}}</ref>
* Augusta Georgina Low (1844–1921)
* Selina Morison Low (1845–1927)

The history of John Low and his family is told in [[Ferdinand Mount]]'s book ''The Tears of the Rajas: Mutiny, Money and Marriage in India 1805–1905''.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

== Honours ==

* [[File:ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg|40x40px]] [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI)
* [[File:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|40x40px]] [[Knight-Commander of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath]] (KCB)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
;<nowiki>Attribution:</nowiki>
{{DNB|wstitle=Low, John|volume=34}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Low, John}}
[[Category:1788 births]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Fife]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]

London Declaration

2026-02-04T18:59:13Z

Bsdmission: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|1949 Commonwealth document about India}}
{{other uses}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
[[File:Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London 1949.jpg|thumb|The Commonwealth Prime Ministers with the King at Buckingham Palace for the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, 1949.]]
The '''London Declaration''' was issued by the [[1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]] regarding India's continued membership of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], an association of independent states formerly part of the [[British Empire]], in anticipation of India's transition to a republican constitution.

The declaration was drafted jointly by [[V. K. Krishna Menon]], a constitutional advisor to Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], and Sir [[Norman Brook]], the British [[Cabinet Secretary (United Kingdom)|Cabinet secretary]].<ref>Michael Brecher, ''India and World Politics: Krishna Menon's View of the World'' (London: Oxford University Press, 1968), p. 23.</ref> The declaration stated the prime ministers' agreement to India's continued membership in the organization after it became a republic. By that declaration, the Government of India had expressed its acceptance of the King as a symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and head of the Commonwealth.

The declaration dealt only with India, which was considered an exceptional case, and reaffirmed that the other members of the Commonwealth owed a common allegiance to the Crown, with an initial acceptance of the King as the head of the Commonwealth. However, it did establish a precedent that republicanism is compatible with membership in the organization.<ref>"although it was asserted that the case of India depended upon its own special circumstances, it has inevitably been regarded as having established a precedent. Common allegiance could not, after the Prime Ministers' Declaration of April 1949, be posited as a fundamental rule of the Commonwealth association, though it is conceived that recognition of the Queen as " Head of the Commonwealth " is, at least for the present, such a rule. The constitutional status of the Members of the Commonwealth other than India was not intended to be changed by the 1949 Declaration; and the words of 1926 and 1931, reciting their " common allegiance to the Crown," were reaffirmed. S. A. de Smith, The Royal Styles and Titles, ''The International and Comparative Law Quarterly'', April 1953, p. 265. {{JSTOR|755789}}</ref> The London Declaration marked the birth of the modern Commonwealth of Nations.<ref name="S.A. Smith" /><ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" />

==History==
The declaration stated vis-à-vis India:
{{cquote|The Government of India have ... declared and affirmed India's desire to continue her full membership of the Commonwealth of Nations and her acceptance of the King as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth.<ref name="S.A. Smith">{{cite journal|last=de Smith|first=S.A.|date=July 1949|title=The London Declaration of the Commonwealth Prime Ministers, April 28, 1949|journal=The Modern Law Review|volume=12|issue=3|pages=351–354|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1949.tb00131.x|jstor=1090506|doi-access=free}}</ref>
}}

This formula has since been deemed a sufficient [[precedent]] for all other countries.

The issue had been discussed at the 1948 [[Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference|Prime Ministers' Conference]], whose agenda was dominated by the imminent decisions of two states—India and Ireland—to declare themselves republics.<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth">{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=Peter|date=April 1999|title=Shaping the 'New Commonwealth', 1949|journal=[[The Round Table Journal|The Round Table]]|volume=88|issue=350|pages=185–197|doi=10.1080/003585399108108}}</ref> At the meeting, Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] proposed a Ten Point Memorandum on the settlement between India and the Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/dcer/details-en.asp?intRefid=10569 | title=Status of India in the Commonwealth| access-date=25 July 2007| date=6 June 2007| work=Documents on Canadian External Relations| publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415115858/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/dcer/details-en.asp?intRefid=10569|archive-date=15 April 2008}}</ref> The Cabinet Committee on Commonwealth Relations recognised that Nehru's proposals could not constitute a basis for continued Commonwealth membership and that a further conference would be required.<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" />

On 16 May 1949, during the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly Debates]] for the composition of a republican [[Constitution of India|constitution]], Nehru declared in the assembly that:
{{cquote|We join the Commonwealth obviously because we think it is beneficial to us and to certain causes in the world that we wish to advance. The other countries of the Commonwealth want us to remain there because they think it is beneficial to them. It is mutually understood that it is to the advantage of the nations in the Commonwealth and therefore they join. At the same time, it is made perfectly clear that each country is completely free to go its own way; it may be that they may go, sometimes go so far as to break away from the Commonwealth...Otherwise, apart from breaking the evil parts of the association, it is better to keep a co-operative association going which may do good in this world rather than break it.<ref name=debate-cad>{{cite web|title=Constituent Assembly Debates (India)|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol8p1.htm|publisher=[[Parliament of India]]|access-date=25 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109080743/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol8p1.htm|archive-date=9 November 2013|location=Delhi|date=16 May 1949}}</ref>
}}

At the next conference, in April 1949, Nehru, seeking above all to avoid two-tiered membership,<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" /> conceded a more agreeable three-point programme, based upon common [[Commonwealth citizen]]ship, a declaration of India's continued membership, and recognition of the monarch in a separate capacity than that as monarch.<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" /> This met general agreement, particularly with the new South African Premier [[Daniel François Malan]], and, during the next two days, the draft was crafted into a final agreement.<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" /> To avoid criticism about eliminating the word ''British'' from the name of the Commonwealth, Nehru conceded a reference to the "British Commonwealth of Nations" in the opening paragraph of the document as an historically appropriate reference.<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" />

News of the agreement was hailed by all those of the opposition party in the British [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]], including [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Clement Davies]].<ref name="Shaping the New Commonwealth" /> By contrast, [[Jan Smuts]], who had been defeated by Malan in the [[South African general election, 1948|South African general election]] the previous year and was considered second only to Churchill as a Commonwealth statesman,<ref>{{cite book |last=Colville |first=Sir John |author-link=Jock Colville |title=The Fringes of Power |year=2004 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=1-84212-626-1}}</ref> was strongly opposed.<ref name="Fifty Years of a Renewing Commonwealth">{{cite journal |date=April 1999 |title=1949–1999: Fifty Years of a Renewing Commonwealth |journal=[[The Round Table Journal|The Round Table]] |volume=88 |issue=350 |pages=1–27 |doi=10.1080/003585399108072}}</ref> In the South African context, with which Smuts was mainly concerned, [[republicanism]] was mainly identified with [[Afrikaner]] [[conservatism]] and with tighter racial segregation.<ref>Muller (1975), p. 508.</ref> The London conference – concerned mainly with India and, to some degree, with Ireland, which had recently declared itself a republic – paid little attention to the implications for South Africa.

India became a republic in 1950 and remained a member of the Commonwealth. However, Ireland, which was in the same situation, having passed the [[Republic of Ireland Act 1948]], declared itself a republic on 18 April 1949,<ref>[http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1949/en/si/0027.html The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (Commencement) Order, 1949]</ref> ten days before the declaration, and therefore quit the Commonwealth.

==Appendix==
===Text of the Declaration===
<blockquote>
The Governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan and Ceylon, whose countries are united as Members of the British Commonwealth of Nations and owe a common allegiance to the Crown, which is also the symbol of their free association, have considered the impending constitutional changes in India.

The Government of India have informed the other Governments of the Commonwealth of the intention of the Indian people that under the new constitution which is about to be adopted India shall become a sovereign independent republic. The Government of India have however declared and affirmed India's desire to continue her full membership of the Commonwealth of Nations and her acceptance of The King as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth.

The Governments of the other countries of the Commonwealth, the basis of whose membership of the Commonwealth is not hereby changed, accept and recognise India's continuing membership in accordance with the terms of this declaration.

Accordingly the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan and Ceylon hereby declare that they remain united as free and equal members of the Commonwealth of Nations, freely co-operating in the pursuit of peace, liberty and progress.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/london-declaration |title=London Declaration |website=The Commonwealth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624203555/https://thecommonwealth.org/london-declaration |archive-date=2019-06-24 |location=London |language=en |date=22–27 April 1949 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
</blockquote>

==See also==
* [[Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria]]
* [[London Declaration (disambiguation)]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonwealth of Nations key documents|state=expanded}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}

[[Category:History of the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:India and the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:1949 in law]]
[[Category:1949 in Indian law]]
[[Category:1949 in London]]
[[Category:1949 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1949 in international relations]]
[[Category:1949 documents]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]

List of accolades received by Koi... Mil Gaya

2026-01-31T16:10:20Z

Bsdmission: Creating Some Page Added Tags

{{Short description|none}}
{{Featured list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Koi... Mil Gaya''}}
{{Infobox awards list
| name = ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]''
| image = Hrithik at Rado launch.jpg
| caption = [[Hrithik Roshan]] garnered several awards and nominations for his performance in ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]''.
| alt = Hrithik Roshan
| wins = 35
| nominations = 71
| award1 = [[Bollywood Movie Awards]]
| award1W = 6
| award1N = 6
| award2 = [[Filmfare Awards]]
| award2W = 5
| award2N = 11
| award3 = [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| award3W = 5
| award3N = 11
| award4 = [[National Film Awards]]
| award4W = 3
| award4N = 3
| award5 = [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| award5W = 4
| award5N = 13
| award6 = [[Screen Awards]]
| award6W = 5
| award6N = 12
| award7 = [[Stardust Awards]]
| award7W = 2
| award7N = 3
| award8 = [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| award8W = 5
| award8N = 12
}}

''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'' ({{translation|''I Have Found Someone...''}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[science fiction film]] directed and produced by [[Rakesh Roshan]]. Starring [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Preity Zinta]], the film focuses on Rohit (Hrithik Roshan), a [[Developmental disability|developmentally disabled]] man who comes into contact with an [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial being]] while using the computer of his late father Sanjay (Rakesh Roshan).<ref name="Rediff.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/07koi.htm |title=Hrithik: paisa vasool! |date=7 August 2003 |last=Swaminathan |first=R. |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=9 August 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030809015723/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/07koi.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition to writing the film's story, Rakesh Roshan also created its screenplay along with [[Sachin Bhowmick]], [[Honey Irani]], and [[Robin Bhatt]]. The cinematography was handled by [[Ravi K. Chandran]] and Sameer Arya, and the production designer was [[Sharmishta Roy]]. [[Farah Khan]], Raju Khan, and [[Ganesh Hegde]] served as the choreographers, while [[Allan Amin]] and [[Tinu Verma]] completed the action direction. [[Rajesh Roshan]] and Sanjay Verma were the music director and editor, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cast & Crew: Koi Mil Gaya|url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/cast/7019/index.html|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060710030125/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/cast/7019/index.html|archive-date=10 July 2006|access-date=10 May 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BOI">{{Cite web|title=Koi Mil Gaya Cast|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=507|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612114328/https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=507|archive-date=12 June 2020|access-date=10 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Produced on a budget of between {{INRConvert|250|m|lk=on}} and {{INRConvert|350|m}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.awn.com/vfxworld/indian-vfx-verge-breaking-out |title=Indian VFX: On the Verge of Breaking Out |date=29 October 2004 |last=Wanvari |first=Anil |publisher=[[Animation World Network]] |access-date=8 May 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327223646/https://www.awn.com/vfxworld/indian-vfx-verge-breaking-out |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/house-full-7/ |title=House Full |date=29 December 2002 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504021236/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/house-full-7/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Koi... Mil Gaya'' was released on 8 August 2003 and received positive reviews from critics.<ref name="Rediff.com" /><ref name="BOI" /> A commercial success, the film emerged as the second-highest-grossing Indian film of the year, earning {{INRConvert|823.3|m}} in India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2003 |title=Top Worldwide Grossers (2003) |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106121652/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2003 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film won 35 awards out of 71 nominations; the direction, performances of the cast, choreography, and special effects garnered the most attention from various award groups.

''Koi... Mil Gaya'' received three trophies at the [[51st National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]]. At the [[49th Filmfare Awards]], the film was nominated in eleven categories, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Zinta), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] ([[Rekha]]), and [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]] ([[Johnny Lever]]), and went on to win five of them including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Rakesh Roshan, and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]] for Hrithik Roshan. Among other wins, it also received six [[Bollywood Movie Awards]], five [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], five [[Screen Awards]], five [[Zee Cine Awards]], and four [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]. __TOC__
{{clear}}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ {{sronly|List of accolades received by ''Koi... Mil Gaya''}}
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[Bollywood Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="6" | 1 May 2004
| [[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="2" | {{Sort|Hrithik Roshan|[[Hrithik Roshan]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6" |<ref>Bollywood Movie Awards: {{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodawards.com/winba9.php |title=Winners of Bollywood Movie Awards |publisher=[[Bollywood Movie Awards]] |access-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102124901/http://www.bollywoodawards.com/winba9.php |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}<hr />{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/mar/mar113.htm |title='Bollywood Awards 2004' graces Sheeraz Hasan |work=Indian Television Dot Com |date=15 March 2004 |publisher=[[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Television]] |access-date=8 May 2021 |archive-date=6 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206100706/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/mar/mar113.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Bollywood Movie Award – Critics Award Male|Best Actor (Critics)]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{Sort|Rekha|[[Rekha]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{Sort|Khan|[[Farah Khan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Bollywood Movie Award – Best Playback Singer Female|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
| {{sort|Chithra|[[K. S. Chithra]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| {{sort|Verma|Sanjay Verma}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="11" | [[49th Filmfare Awards|21 February 2004]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|[[Rakesh Roshan]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="11" |<ref>Filmfare Awards: {{cite news |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/501844.cms |title=Preity Zinta: "I am dying to win an award in the 'Best Villain' category" |date=2004 |work=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040312183857/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/501844.cms |archive-date=12 March 2004 |access-date=6 May 2021 |url-status=dead }}<hr />{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0|title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners|format=PDF|work=Filmfare|pages=116–119|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0|archive-date=19 October 2015|url-status=live}}<hr />{{cite web |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/feb/23sld1.htm |title=Hrithik-Preity: Award-winning combo |date=23 February 2004 |work=Rediff.com |last=Kuckian |first=Uday |access-date=9 June 2021 |archive-date=7 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807190852/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/feb/23sld1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sort|Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Rekha|Rekha}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
| {{sort|Lever|[[Johnny Lever]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Rajesh Roshan|[[Rajesh Roshan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Narayan|[[Udit Narayan]]}} (for {{sort|Idhar|"Idhar Chala Mein"}})
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Chithra|K. S. Chithra}} (for {{sort|Koi|"Koi Mil Gaya"}})
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{sort|Khan|Farah Khan}} (for {{sort|Idhar|"Idhar Chala Mein"}})
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="11" | [[5th IIFA Awards|20 May 2004]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="11" |<ref>International Indian Film Academy Awards: {{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/kal-ho-naa-ho-leads-iifa-nominees/4018041.article|title=Kal Ho Naa Ho leads IIFA nominees|work=[[Screen International]]|last=Kay|first=Jeremy|date=2 February 2004|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107094231/https://www.screendaily.com/kal-ho-naa-ho-leads-iifa-nominees/4018041.article|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=live}}<hr />{{cite web|url=http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2004/|title=IIFA Through the Years – IIFA 2004: Singapore|publisher=[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107103025/http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2004/|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Zinta|Preity Zinta}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Rekha|Rekha}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Rajesh Roshan|Rajesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Narayan|Udit Narayan}} (for {{sort|Koi|"Koi Mil Gaya"}})
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Song Recording
| {{sort|Gupta|Satish Gupta}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]
| {{sort|Chaudhary|Jeetendra Chaudhary}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| Bimmini Special Effects Studio, Digital Art Media
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[National Film Awards]]
| rowspan="3" | [[51st National Film Awards|3 February 2005]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards 2004|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107120817/http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| Bimmini Special Effects Studio, Digital Art Media
| {{won}}
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{sort|Khan|Farah Khan}} (for {{sort|Idhar|"Idhar Chala Mein"}})
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| rowspan="13" | 29 May 2004
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="13" |<ref>Producers Guild Film Awards: {{cite web|url=http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_nominees.html|title=1st Apsara Producers Guild Awards Nominees|publisher=[[Producers Guild Film Awards]]|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111155559/http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_nominees.html|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}<hr />{{cite web|url=http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_winners.html|title=1st Apsara Producers Guild Awards Winners|publisher=Producers Guild Film Awards|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111155807/http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_winners.html|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}<hr />{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040531/nation.htm#11|title='Koi Mil Gaya' bags top honours|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[United News of India]]|date=30 May 2004|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111154657/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040531/nation.htm|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
| {{sort|Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Special Effects
| Bimmini Special Effects Studio, Digital Art Media
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Sound Recording
| {{sort|Chaudhary|Jeetendra Chaudhary}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Narayan|Udit Narayan}} (for {{sort|Idhar|"Idhar Chala Mein"}})
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Chithra|K. S. Chithra}} (for {{sort|Koi|"Koi Mil Gaya"}})
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Rajesh Roshan|Rajesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Art Direction
| {{sort|Roy|Sharmista Roy}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Ashk|[[Ibrahim Ashk]]}} (for {{sort|Koi|"Koi Mil Gaya"}})
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Costume Design
| {{sort|Mishra|Lakshman Mishra}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematographer
| {{sort|Arya|Sameer Arya}}, {{sort|Chandran|Ravi K. Chandran}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| {{sort|Bhowmick|[[Sachin Bhowmick]]}}, {{sort|Irani|[[Honey Irani]]}}, {{sort|Bhatt|[[Robin Bhatt]]}}, {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="12" | [[Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="12" | 17 January 2004
| [[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="12" |<ref>Screen Awards: {{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/special-feature-news-others-kkfvNSibdhesi.html|title=Special feature|website=[[Sify]]|date=14 January 2004|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107105851/http://www.sify.com/movies/special-feature-news-others-kkfvNSibdhesi.html|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=dead}}<hr />{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/screen-awards-shocks--surprises-news-bollywood-kkfvNPjehfhsi.html|title=Screen Awards: Shocks & surprises|website=[[Sify]]|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|date=18 January 2004|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107105835/http://www.sify.com/movies/screen-awards-shocks-surprises-news-bollywood-kkfvNPjehfhsi.html|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]
| {{sort|Lever|Johnny Lever}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]]
| {{sort|Rajesh Roshan|Rajesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Rajesh Roshan|Rajesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{sort|Bhowmick|Sachin Bhowmick}}, {{sort|Irani|Honey Irani}}, {{sort|Bhatt|Robin Bhatt}}, {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{sort|Chandran|Ravi K. Chandran}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| Bimmini Special Effects Studio, Digital Art Media
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | Best Choreography
| {{sort|Khan|Farah Khan}} (for {{sort|Idhar|"Idhar Chala Mein"}})
| {{won}}
|-
| {{sort|Hegde|Ganesh Hegde}}
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[Stardust Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |4 February 2004
| [[Stardust Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>Stardust Awards: {{Cite web|date=4 February 2004|title=Shahid, Amrita bag 'Stardust' awards|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/shahid-amrita-bag-stardust-awards-news-bollywood-kkfvNLfhfhesi.html|website=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129100735/https://www.sify.com/movies/shahid-amrita-bag-stardust-awards-news-bollywood-kkfvNLfhfhesi.html|archive-date=29 January 2018|access-date=9 June 2021|url-status=dead}}<hr />{{Cite web|title=Nominations for the year 2003|url=http://www.indiafm.com:80/awards/stardust/nominations.shtml|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923211455/http://www.indiafm.com/awards/stardust/nominations.shtml|archive-date=23 September 2004|access-date=9 June 2021|url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Award for Actor of the Year – Male|Actor of the Year – Male]]
| {{sort|Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best New Lyricist
| {{sort|Ashk|Ibrahim Ashk}} (for {{sort|Koi|"Koi Mil Gaya"}})
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="12" | [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| rowspan="12" | 26 February 2004
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="12" |<ref>Zee Cine Awards: {{cite web|url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2004/winners/|title=Zee Cine Awards 2004 Winners|publisher=[[Zee Cine Awards]]|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107113722/http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2004/winners/|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=live}}<hr />{{cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/zee-cine-awards-hrithik-best-actor-urmila-best-actress|title=Zee Cine Awards: Hrithik Best Actor, Urmila Best Actress|work=[[Khaleej Times]]|author=[[Associated Press]]|date=27 February 2004|access-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120164220/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/zee-cine-awards-hrithik-best-actor-urmila-best-actress|archive-date=20 January 2018|url-status=live}}<hr />{{cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/feb/feb68.htm|title=Zee Cine Awards 2004 takes flight|publisher=Indian Television|date=7 February 2004|access-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180120164553/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/feb/feb68.htm|archive-date=20 January 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor – Male]]
| {{sort|Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]]
| {{sort|Rekha|Rekha}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Actor in a Comic Role]]
| {{sort|Lever|Johnny Lever}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Rajesh Roshan|Rajesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Best Track of the Year]]
| {{sort|Idhar|"Idhar Chala Mein"}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{sort|Hegde|[[Ganesh Hegde]]}} (for {{sort|It's|"It's Magic"}})
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{sort|Bhowmick|Sachin Bhowmick}}, {{sort|Irani|Honey Irani}}, {{sort|Bhatt|Robin Bhatt}}, {{sort|Rakesh Roshan|Rakesh Roshan}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| {{sort|Rocky|[[Rocky Star]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Sound Re-recording
| {{sort|De|Alok De}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Visual Effects
| Bimmini Special Effects Studio, Digital Art Media
| {{won}}
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0254481/awards?ref_=tt_awd Awards and nominations received by ''Koi... Mil Gaya''] at [[IMDb]]

[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film|Koi... Mil Gaya]]

Rimjhim Sinha

2026-01-27T09:12:48Z

Bsdmission: created basic page added tags - done

{{Short description|Indian feminist and activist from Kolkata}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}

'''Rimjhim Sinha''' (born c. 1995) is an Indian feminist, sociology researcher, and social activist based in Kolkata, West Bengal. She is best known for initiating the “Reclaim the Night” protest movement in response to the 2024 rape and murder of a postgraduate trainee doctor at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital. Sinha is also an advocate for women's rights, menstrual health, and education access in urban slums.

== Early life and education ==
Rimjhim Sinha was born and raised in Kolkata, West Bengal. She completed her schooling in the city and pursued sociology at [[Presidency University, Kolkata]]. During her college years, she actively participated in street theatre and gender sensitisation workshops. Her experiences in urban Kolkata and academic engagement with feminist theory led her to grassroots activism.

== Activism and career ==

=== Reclaim the Night and the R.G. Kar movement ===
In August 2024, the rape and murder of a young woman doctor at [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]] sparked widespread outrage in Kolkata. In response, Sinha launched the "Reclaim the Night" movement, which became a landmark in Bengal's civil protest history.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reclaim the Night: How Rimjhim Sinha's outrage became a battle cry |work=The Telegraph India |date=14 August 2024 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/reclaim-the-night-how-rimjhim-sinhas-outrage-over-the-rg-kar-horror-turned-into-a-battle-cry/cid/2040982}}</ref>

Sinha called for a city-wide candlelight protest on the night of 14 August 2024, coinciding with the eve of Indian Independence Day. The slogan "Swadhinotar Modhyoraatey, Nari Swadhinotar Jonyo" ("At the midnight hour of Independence, for women's liberation") became the movement’s defining chant.<ref>{{cite news |title= How Kolkata grew its spine over R.G. Kar rape and murder protests |work=The Hindu |date=15 August 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/how-kolkata-grew-its-spine-over-rg-kar-rape-and-murder-protests/article68668432.ece}}</ref>

Within a week, over 40 neighbourhoods participated in silent marches and torch rallies, drawing students, doctors, artists, homemakers, and working-class people.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kolkata protests become city's largest non-political mass movement |work=The Week |date=17 August 2024 |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2024/08/17/mass-movement-kolkata-reclaim-the-night.html}}{{dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=July 2025}}</ref>

Key events during the movement included:
* A 42-km city-wide torch march.
* Sit-ins at college campuses and metro stations.
* A joint protest on 16 January 2025 involving doctors, women's organisations, and LGBTQ+ collectives demanding judicial action, workplace safety reforms, and institutional anti-harassment protocols.<ref>{{cite news |title= March in Kolkata to demand justice for RG Kar victim, safety of women at workplace |work=The Week |date=16 January 2025 |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2025/01/16/march-in-kolkata-to-demand-justice-for-rg-kar-victim-safety-of-women-at-workplace.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124031021/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2025/01/16/march-in-kolkata-to-demand-justice-for-rg-kar-victim-safety-of-women-at-workplace.html|archivedate=2025-01-24}}</ref>

The movement’s apolitical stance faced resistance from multiple quarters. Reports emerged of retaliatory postings and demotions of protesting doctors.<ref>{{cite news |title='Punishment' for seeking justice? RG Kar doctors allege 'witch-hunt' after getting unexpected postings in West Bengal |work=Economic Times |date=21 March 2025 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/punishment-for-seeking-justice-rg-kar-doctors-allege-witch-hunt-after-getting-unexpected-postings-in-west-bengal/articleshow/121464931.cms}}</ref>

Despite the pushback, the campaign maintained public momentum, with over 1,200 progressive bookstalls and community pandals theming their Durga Puja installations around justice for the victim.<ref>{{cite news |title= Bengal: 'Justice for RG Kar' Theme Resonates in Over 1,200 Progressive Book Stalls During Puja Season |work=NewsClick |date=8 October 2024 |url=https://www.newsclick.in/bengal-justice-rg-kar-theme-resonates-over-1200-progressive-book-stalls-during-puja-season}}</ref>

By July 2025, anniversary marches were planned in over 25 locations across Bengal and included the victim’s family.<ref>{{cite news |title= Twin rallies on Aug 9 to mark 1 year of RG Kar rape-murder |work=Times of India |date=15 July 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/twin-rallies-on-aug-9-to-mark-1-year-of-rg-kar-rape-murder/articleshow/122302271.cms}}</ref>

=== Other activism ===
Rimjhim Sinha is the co-founder of the NGO '''Udaan Kolkata''', which works in urban slums to provide education, menstrual hygiene awareness, and vocational training for women.<ref>{{cite web |title=Udaan Kolkata – About Us |url=https://www.udaan-kolkata.org/about |access-date=21 July 2025}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Sinha's work has been widely covered in national and regional media. She has received:
* Featured in ''The Week'' as one of "India’s 50 Women of Influence – 2024 Edition"<ref>{{cite magazine |title=India's 50 Women of Influence |magazine=The Week |date=December 2024 |url=https://www.theweek.in/features/woman-of-year-rimjhim-sinha}}{{dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=July 2025}}</ref>
* Recognition from [[UN Women]] India for leading feminist civil resistance<ref>{{cite web |title=Rimjhim Sinha among UN Women India's 2024 Voices |website=UN Women India |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2024/03/rimjhim-sinha-profile}}{{dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=July 2025}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rimjhim Sinha lives in South Kolkata. She continues her work in urban development, mentoring young activists, and writing on gender justice.

== See also ==
* [[Women's rights in India]]
* [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder]]
* [[Feminism in India]]
* [[Reclaim the night]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Rimjhim}}
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Abdul Mannan Syed

2026-01-03T18:23:23Z

Bsdmission: slightly correct references per sources and improved wording

{{Short description|Bangladeshi researcher and writer (1943–2010)}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abdul Mannan Syed
| image = Abdul-Mannan-Syed-2009.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Syed in 2009 (Dhaka)
| native_name = আবদুল মান্নান সৈয়দ
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1943|08|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = Jalalpur, [[Basirhat]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (Present day in [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|09|05|1943|08|03|df=yes}}
| death_place = Dhaka, Bangladesh
| other_names =
| occupation = Poet, academic, author
| years_active = 1967–2008
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Abdul Mannan Syed''' (3 August 1943{{snd}}5 September 2010) was a Bangladeshi poet, and critic. He is known for his considerable research works on [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], [[Jibanananda Das]], [[Farrukh Ahmad]], [[Syed Waliullah]], [[Manik Bandopadhyay|Manik Bandyopadhyay]], [[Bishnu Dey|Bishnu De]], [[Samar Sen (poet)|Samar Sen]], [[Begum Rokeya|Roquiah Sakhawat Hossain]], [[Abdul Ghani Hazari]], [[Muhammad Wajed Ali]], [[Prabodh Chandra Sengupta|Prabodh Chandra Sen]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=184853:the-shadow-of-abdul-mannan-syed&catid=123:art-culture&Itemid=217|url-status=dead|title=The shadow of Abdul Mannan Syed|date=7 September 2013|newspaper=The Independent|location=Dhaka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204003931/http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=184853%3Athe-shadow-of-abdul-mannan-syed&catid=123%3Aart-culture&Itemid=217|archive-date=4 February 2014|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Syed,_Abdul_Mannan|title=Syed, Abdul Mannan |website=Banglapedia|access-date=24 December 2018}}</ref> From 2002 to 2004, he held the position of Executive Director of [[Nazrul Institute]].<ref name=":0" />

==Life==
Syed was born on 3 August 1943 at [[Basirhat]], on the Ichamati River, in the district of 24 Paraganas, in West Bengal of British India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribute to Poet Abdul Mannan Syed |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=153884 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=7 September 2010 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011062815/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-153884 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1946, just before the partition of India, a lethal Hindu-Muslim riot took place and forced many Muslims to leave West Bengal to settle in East Bengal, now [[Bangladesh]]. A less discussed but equally fearsome riot took place in 1950 that drove the family of Syed from West Bengal and to settle in Dhaka, the provincial capital of the-then [[East Pakistan]], now Bangladesh. He lost his motherland for ever and always felt like a refugee. They first lived in Gopibagh of [[Dhaka]] town. Shortly his father bought a piece of land on the Green Road, formerly called Kuli Road. Since then 51 Green Road has been his address until his sudden death in September 2010.

His father Syed A. M. Badruzzdoza was a public official who served in many places of the then East Pakistan. He was very strict about the formal education of his children. He had six sons and four daughters. Syed was married to his cousin Syra Syed Ranu. His only child was a daughter named Jinan Syed Shampa.
In 1958, Syed passed the Matriculation (now SSC) examination from the [https://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC Nawabpur Government High School]. In 1960, he passed the Intermediate (now HSC) from the [[Dhaka College]]. He studied Bengali language and literature in the [[Dhaka University]] from where he obtained his B. A and M. A. degrees, respectively, in 1963 and 1964.
Most of his life, he earned his livelihood as a teacher of Bengali language and literature in government colleges. He started his career as a lecturer in the M. C. College of [[Sylhet]] town. He also taught in the Sheikh Borhanuddin College in [[Faridpur district|Faridpur town]]. However he served in the [[Jagannath College]] of Dhaka for a long time from where he retired in 1998. He also served as the District Gazetteer for a period of time. Later he was appointed the executive director of the [[Nazrul Institute]] (2002–2004).

== Works ==
Syed is best known for his research on Bengali poet [[Jibanananda Das]]. Although he is most renowned for literary criticism, he is a versatile writer and poet. He taught as a faculty in the department of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] in the [[Jagannath College]], Dhaka. Later he served as Director General of the [[Nazrul Institute]]. He was the first Scholar-in-residence in Bangladesh at [[North South University]]. For a long time he was associated with the [[Shilpataru]], a monthly literary magazine published from Dhaka by poet [[Abid Azad]].

==Death==
He had been suffering from diabetes and cardiac troubles for a long time. On 27 August 2010, he fell sick while participating in an event of television network [[Channel I]]. On 5 September 2010, he was having an afternoon sleep when he suffered a massive cardiac arrest and succumbed to death just before [[Iftaar]]. On the following day he was buried at the [[Azimpur Graveyaed]] after three [[Islamic funeral|Salatul Janazas]] at Green Road Jam-e-Masjid, [[Bangla Academy (Bangladesh)|Bangla Academy]] and Dhaka University mosque. His death was widely mourned across the country. All national dailies carried obituary on the following day. Next Friday, all dailies carried in the literary essays on his life and works. Electronic media also featured his death in a befitting manner.

==Works==

===Books of poetry===
* ''Janmandho Kobita Guchcha'' (1967)<ref name="Islam2001">{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Manu |year=2001 |title=Who's Who in Bangladesh 2000 |location=Dhaka |publisher=Centre for Bangladesh Culture |page=6 |oclc=48517841}}</ref>
* ''Jyōtsnā raudrēra cikitsā'' জ্যোত্স্না রৌদ্রের চিকিত্সা [''Moonlight, Treatment for the Sun''] (1969)
* ''Matal Manchitro'' (1970)
* ''O Shongbedon O Joltorongo'' (1974)
* ''Selected Poems'' (1975) ( Muktodhara publication)
* ''Kobita Company Pvt Ltd.'' (1982)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Porabastab Kobita'' (1982)
* ''Park Street e Ek Ratri'' (1983)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Mach Series'' (1984)
* ''Amar Sonnet'' (1990)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Shokal Proshongsha Tamar'' (1993)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Nirobota Govirota Dui Bon Bole Kotha'' (1997)
* ''Selected Poems'' (2001)(Shomoy publication)
* ''Kobita Shomaggro'' (2001)
* ''Kobitar Boi'' (2006)
* ''He Bondhur Bondhu He Priyotomo'' (2006)
* ''Premer Kobita'' (2007)
* ''Matal Kobita Pagal goddya'' (2008)
* ''Ogghraner Nil Din'' (2008)

===Novels===
* ''Poriprekshiter Dasdasi'' (Slaves of Perspectives, 1974)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Kolkata'' (1980)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Poramatir Kaj'' (Terracotta, 1982)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''A-Te Ajgor'' (A for Ajogor, 1982)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''He Songsar He Lota'' (Oh the World, Oh the Creeper, 1982)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Gavir Gavirtara Asukh'' (Disease, Deep and Deeper, 1983)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Prabesh'' (Entrance, 1994)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Kshuda Prem Agun'' (Hunger Love Fire, 1994)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* ''Shyamali Tomar Mukh'' (Shyamali Your Face, 1997)<ref name="Islam2001" />

===Short stories===
* Shotter moto bodmash (1968)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Cholo jai porokkhe (1973)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Mrittur odhik lal khudha (1977)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Nirbachito golpo (1987)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Utshob (1988)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Nekre hayna ar tin pori (1997)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Mach mangsho matshorjer rupkotha (2001)
* Nirbachito golpo (2002)
* Golpo (2004)
* Sreshtho golpo (2007)

===Editorial works===
* Life on Distant Shores, written by [[Abdur Rouf Choudhury]], Bengali novel, published by Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka, 2003
* New Horizon, written by [[Abdur Rouf Choudhury]], Bengali novel, published by Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka, 2005.
* Bangladesher Chhara, jointly edited with [[Shahabuddin Nagari]] and Abid Azad by Shilpatoru Prakashani, Dhaka, 1987.
* Bagladesher Kabita, jointly edited with [[Shahabuddin Nagari]] and Abid Azad by Shilpatoru Prakashani, Dhaka, 1987.

==Awards==
* [[Bangla Academy Literary Award]] (1981)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Alaol Literary Award (1981)<ref name="Islam2001" />
* Kabi Jasimuddin Award
* Chattagram Sangskriti Kendro Farrukh Memorial Award (1991)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last=Chowdhury |first=Kabir |date=1997 |title=Of History, Nationalism and Poetry |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |publisher=India International Centre |volume=24 |issue=2/3 |pages=100–111 |jstor=23005435}}
* {{cite news |title=Abdul Mannan Syed dead |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-236508285.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115164043/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-236508285.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2018 |newspaper=The New Nation |agency=BSS |date=6 September 2010 |via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Akhter |first=Shamima |year=2012 |chapter=Syed, Abdul Mannan |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Syed,_Abdul_Mannan |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* {{cite news |title=Leading light of literature |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/leading-light-of-literature |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=6 September 2013}}
* {{cite news |title=Abdul Mannan Syed's 3rd Death Anniversary Observed |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3072081411.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117175247/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3072081411.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 November 2018 |newspaper=Dhaka Courier |date=15 September 2013 |via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}
* {{cite news |title=Bangla literature through ages |url=http://thedailynewnation.com/news/18950/bangla-literature-through-ages.html |newspaper=The New Nation |date=18 July 2014}}
* {{cite news |title=Abdul Mannan Syed's 5th death anniversary observed |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/09/05/108948.php |newspaper=The Daily Observer |date=5 September 2015}}
* {{cite news |title=Blending Surrealism and Myth: Abdul Mannan Syed's 5th Death Anniv Observed |url=http://www.dhakacourier.com.bd/blending-surrealism-and-myth-abdul-mannan-syeds-5th-death-anniv-observed/ |newspaper=Dhaka Courier |date=10 September 2015 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010215310/http://www.dhakacourier.com.bd/blending-surrealism-and-myth-abdul-mannan-syeds-5th-death-anniv-observed/ |archive-date=10 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite news |last=Choudhury |first=Rabbani |title=Bengali novelists and novels |url=http://thedailynewnation.com/print-a-news/79516/bengali-novelists-and-novels.html |newspaper=The New Nation |date=8 January 2016}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Abdul Mannan Syed}}
* [http://www.poemhunter.com/abdul-mannan-syed/ Three poems by Abdul Mannan Syed in English translation]
* [http://jugantor.info/enews//issue/2010/10/22/news0607.php An article in Daily Jugantor by Shahabuddin Nagari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026054047/http://www.jugantor.info/enews/issue/2010/10/22/news0607.php |date=26 October 2010 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Syed, Abdul Mannan}}
[[Category:Bangladeshi male writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jagannath University]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Burials at Azimpur Graveyard]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]

Third Shekhawat ministry

2026-01-01T11:29:43Z

Bsdmission:

{{Short description|3rd Ministry of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=December 2025}}
{{notability|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = [[Rajasthan]]
| flag = File:Emblem Rajasthan.png
| incumbent =
| image = The Vice President Shri Bhairon Singh Shekhawat in a Traditional Rajasthani Turban during a book release function in New Delhi on January 27, 2004.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
| date_formed = 4 December 1993
| date_dissolved = 1 December 1998
| government_head = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]
| deputy_government_head = [[Hari Shankar Bhabhra]]
| deputy_government_head_title =[[Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Deputy Chief Ministers]]
| state_head = *[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
*[[Darbara Singh]]
*[[Navrang Lal Tibrewal]]
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Rajasthan|Governor]]
| members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties = *{{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
*{{Party index link|Janata Dal}}
*{{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| legislature_status = [[Coalition government|Coalition]]
{{Composition bar|101|199|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| opposition_cabinet = [[Indian National Congress|INC]] {{Composition bar|76|199|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| opposition_party = {{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgrey}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| opposition_leader = [[Parasram Maderna]]
| election = [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = 5 years
| previous = [[President's rule]]
| successor = Ashok Gehlot ministry
}}

'''Third Bhairon Singh Shekhawat ministry''' represents the formation of the cabinet of the Indian state [[Rajasthan]] under the leadership of [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], who has been elected the eighth [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and [[Janata Dal]] secured an coalition government in the [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] winning 95 and 6 respectively out of the 199 seats in the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|state assembly]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=1993 में 6 नए नेता पहली बार विधायक बने, 3 निर्दलीय हुए मंत्रिमंडल में शामिल|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/in-1993-6-new-leaders-became-legislators-for-the-first-time-3-were-inducted-in-the-independent-cabinet-043510-3188210.html |access-date=29 November 2024 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3394-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-1993/?do=download&r=7847&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=fce4acf3ff94f0f775002a9bf7b848f5 |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1993 |access-date=2024-11-29}}{{dead link|date=December 2024}}</ref>

==Cabinet Minister==
*Nasaru Khan
*Rohitashv Sharma
*Sujan Singh Yadav
*[[Bhanwar Lal Sharma (politician)]]

==Ministers of State==
*[[Mangal Ram Koli]]

==See also==
*[[First Shekhawat ministry]]
*[[Second Shekhawat ministry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rajasthan ministries|Shekhawat III]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Rajasthan|Shekhawat III]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1993|Shekhawat III]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1998|Shekhawat III]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

K. Sukumaran (writer)

2025-12-28T05:48:23Z

Bsdmission: added basic biography first draft - done

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
'''K. Sukumaran''' (20 May 1876 – 11 March 1956) was a short story writer, humourist, poet, essayist and playwright from [[Malabar District|Malabar]], India. He was one of the pioneers of the short story in Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Archiv Orientální |author= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hK4TAQAAMAAJ |volume=48 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute, ASCR|Oriental Institute]], [[Czech Academy of Sciences]] |date=1980 |page=39 |quote=In Kerala, among the pioneers of the Malayalam short-story, we may mention O. Kunjukrishna Menon, Ch. Kunjurama Menon, A. Narayana Poduval, and K. Sukumaran (1876—1956), the most fertile among the early short-story writers.}}</ref><ref name="Ulloor">{{Cite book |title=Kerala Sahithya Charithram |author=[[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]] |chapter= 63.1 |url=https://archive.org/details/kerala-sahitya-charitram-vol-1-ulloor-1953-ku |chapter-url= http://ax.sayahna.org/ulloor/ulloor-5-63.html |publisher=University of Travancore |date=1953 |language=ml |quote=ചെറുകഥാപ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ അരുണോദയകാലത്തു നമുക്കു് പല അനുഗൃഹീതന്മാരായ വാണീവല്ലഭന്മാരെ നിരീക്ഷിയ്ക്കുവാൻ കഴിയും. 1 വേങ്ങയിൽ കുഞ്ഞിരാമൻനായനാർ, 2 ഒടുവിൽ കുഞ്ഞിക്കൃഷ്ണമേനോൻ, 3 അമ്പാടി നാരായണപ്പുതുവാൾ, 4 എം. ആർ. കെ. സി., 5 എം. രാമുണ്ണിനായർ, 6 ഈ. വി. കൃഷ്ണപിള്ള, 7 കെ. സുകുമാരൻ. ഇവരിൽ സുകുമാരൻ മാത്രമേ ഇന്നു നമ്മോടുകൂടിയുള്ളു.}}</ref> He is sometimes referred to as Malabar K. Sukumaran to distinguish him from other writers with similar names.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://ml.sayahna.org/index.php/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82_1989_09_24 |title=Sahitya Varaphalam |author=[[M. Krishnan Nair (author)|M. Krishnan Nair]] |publisher=Sayahna.org |journal=[[Kalakaumudi]] |date=17 November 1989}}</ref>

==Life==
K. Sukumaran was born on 20 May 1876 to Kambil Thattailathu Govindan and Idamalathu Neely. His uncle [[Dewan Bahadur|Diwan Bahadur]] E. K. Krishnan was a sub-judge in [[Calicut]].<ref name="Bio2">M. Rajeev Kumar (9 October 2022). [https://www.kalamnews.in/column-calendar-m.rajeev-kumar-507 "എസ് ഹരീഷിന്റെ മീശയും എം.ബി.രാജേഷിന്റെ താടിയും."]. Kalamnews.in. Retrieved 17 Najuary 2023.</ref> Sukumaran stayed with his uncle and did his schooling. He studied at Norman School, Municipal School and [[Basel Mission]] School.<ref name="Bio1">[https://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D/sukumaran-kmalabar-%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D/ "സുകുമാരന്‍. കെ (മലബാര്‍)"]. Keralaliterature.com. Retrieved 17 January 2023.</ref> He passed his matriculation in 1890 as a private candidate as he was underage. He completed his [[Pre-university course|Intermediate]] from [[Government Brennen College|Telicherry Brennen College]] and [[Victoria College, Palakkad|Palghat Victoria College]]. He graduated in Zoology from [[Presidency College, Chennai|Madras Presidency College]] in 1894.<ref name="Bio2"/> Then he started working as a civil court clerk. He passed the civil judiciary test in 1915. He retired from services in 1931 while working at the Assistant Sessions Court in Calicut. Sukumaran died on 11 March 1956.<ref name="Bio1"/> He was married to his uncle's daughter Kousalya.<ref name="Bio1"/>

==Writing==
Sukumaran started his writing career by writing ''slokas'' (verses), inspired by the [[Venmani School|Venmani]] ''slokas''. His initial poems were published in ''Bharathi'', a magazine run by some prominent [[Thiyya]]s of Malabar such as [[Chenkulath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon|M. R. K. C.]]<ref name="Bio1"/> Later he turned his attention to prose. Most of his stories are compiled in three books: ''Sukumara Katha Manjari, Cherukatha'' and ''Anchu Kathakal''.<ref name="Bio1"/> In the series ''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' eight volumes are available. His novels/novelettes include ''Azhakulla Pennu, Vidhi, Aa Vallatha Nottam, Inakkavum Pinakkavum, Oru Podikkai, Papathinte Phalam, Aarante Kutti, Vidhavayude Vashi, Vivahathinte Vila'' and ''Virunnu Vanna Maman''.<ref name="Bio1"/> Sukumaran's plays include ''Bheeshani, Misrayile Rani'' and ''Upadesiyaar''.<ref name="Bio1"/> He also wrote a love poem titled ''Bhasavilasam'' and allegories. He wrote extensively on science topics and published books such as ''Albutha Viswasangalum Acharanangalum, Janthusastram, Pranivamsa Charitram, Parakkan Vayyathe Poya Pakshikal'' and ''Jyothisastram''.<ref name="Bio1"/> He has written a series of four books on zoology—''Anu Muthal Erumbu Vare (From germ to ant), Matsyam Muthal Pambu Vare (From fish to snake), Pakshikal (Birds)'' and ''Mrugam Muthal Manushyam Vare (From animal to man)''—where he presents scientific topics in a humorous manner.<ref name="Bio1"/> In ''Pranivamsa Charitram'', he describes lion, crow, rat, mosquito and frog. ''Chiriyo Chiri'' is a collection of humour writings. ''Sukumaragadyamanjari'' is a collection of essays.<ref name="Bio1"/>

Even though Sukumaran published about fifty works in various genres like short story, humour, novel, drama, poetry and science, Sukumaran's significance in [[Malayalam literature]] is as an early short story writer. In ''Kerala Sahitya Charitram'' (History of Literature in Kerala), [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]] mentions seven writers as the pioneers of the short story in Malayalam: [[Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar]], [[Oduvil Kunhikrishna Menon]], [[Ambadi Narayana Poduval]], [[Chenkulath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon]] (M. R. K. C.), [[Sanjayan]] (M. Ramanunni Nair), [[E. V. Krishna Pillai]] and K. Sukumaran.<ref name="Ulloor"/> According to literary critic [[K. M. Tharakan]], the short story as a literary genre evolved and attained perfection with the arrival of K. Sukumaran and E. V. Krishna Pillai.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Brief Survey of Malayalam Literature: History of Literature |author=[[K. M. Tharakan]] |publisher=National Books |date=1990 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nhkAAAAMAAJ |quote=The pioneers of the short-story in Malayalam were Vengayil Kunju Raman Nayanar, Oduvil Kunjukrishna Menon, C. S. Gopala Panikkar, Ambadi Narayana Poduval, Chakulath Kunjirama Menon (M. R. K. C.) and Murkoth Kumaran. The type of short stories written by these gifted men attained perfection in the works of K. Sukumaran and E. V. Krishna Pillai.}}</ref> According to [[K. M. George (writer)|K. M. George]], even though there is monotony in many of K. Sukumaran's stories, they provide light entertainment because of the snatches of humour and they became very popular at the time because of their witty dialogues and lucid prose.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[K. M. George (writer)|K. M. George]] |title=A survey of Malayalam literature |date=1968 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |location=Bombay |page=184 |edition=1st}}</ref> Literary critic [[P. K. Parameswaran Nair]] notes that although K. Sukumaran's themes are not profound or his treatment artistic, the stories make interesting reading because of the humour with which they are generously treated and the clever talk of the characters. Nair also observes that Sukumaran's treatment of ''sringara'' often borders on the obscene.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Malayalam Literature|author=[[P. K. Parameswaran Nair]]|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=[[New Delhi]]|year=1967|translator=E. M. J. Venniyoor|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmalayal0000unse|page=141}}</ref> According to [[Sukumar Azhikode]], love and romance dominated the themes of K. Sukumaran's stories. According to him, "the unrestrained use of wit and humour gave the stories of K. Sukumaran remarkable entertainment value", but "it destroyed the artistic unity of his creations".<ref>{{Cite journal |author=[[Sukumar Azhikode]] |title=The Short Story in Malayalam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24157289 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |journal=Indian Literature |volume=20 |issue=2|date=1977|pages=5–22|doi=|jstor=24157289 }}</ref>

==Bibliography==
The following is a list of books published by K. Sukumaran. The bibliographical details of subsequent editions are used wherever the details of the first edition are not available.

===Short story collections===
; ''Sukumara Katha Manjari''
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1930 |title=Sapikkapetta Sapathangal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 1; Collection of five short stories)}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Malayala Grantha Soochi: A Retrospective Bibliography of Malayalam Books |volume=1 |editor-last = Govi |editor-first = K. M. |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]|date=1973|page=675}}</ref>
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1930 |title=Oru Podikkai Thudangi Naalu Sarasakathakal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 2; Collection of four short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1948 |title=Kadam Kondu Kittiya Muthal Thudangi Naalu Cherukathakal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |edition=3rd |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 3; Collection of four short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1955 |title=Aarante Kutti Thudangi Anchu Cherukathakal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |edition=Reprinted |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 4; Collection of five short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=n.d. |title=Sukumara Katha Manjari (4 Parts) |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Collection of first four parts of ''Sukumara Katha Manjari''; 18 short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=675}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1934 |title=Choorkattil Chorakannan Muthal Naalu Kathakal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 5; Collection of four short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1934 |title=Irumban Kunju Thudangi Aaru Kathakal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 6; Collection of six short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1936 |title=Asooyamayam |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (''Sukumara Katha Manjari'' Part 7)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}

; Others
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1929 |title=Cherukathakal: Part 1 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Collection of six short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1929 |title=Cherukathakal: Part 2 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Collection of six short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1937 |title=Menavante Thanthravum Kurikku Kollatha Yukthiyum |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=675}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1951 |title=Aa Vallatha Nottam |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers |postscript=. (With an introduction by K. Gopalakurup)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=674}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1960 |title=Vidhavayude Vashi |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers |postscript=. (Collection of six short stories)}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=675}}

===Novels===
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=n.d. |title=Azhakulla Pennu |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=573}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1948 |title=Jathayude Jayam |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers |postscript=. (Based on [[Siegfried Trebitsch]]'s work translated by [[George Bernard Shaw]])}}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1949 |title=Inakkavum Pinakkavum |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=573}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1950 |title=Vidhi: Part 1 |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1950 |title=Vidhi: Part 2 |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1951 |title=Vivahathinte Vila |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1953 |title=Kudumba Paridhi |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1955 |title=Ithu Chathiyo |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=573}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1955 |title=Virunnu Vanna Maman |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1959 |title=Chunayulla Pennu |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1962 |title=Papathinte Phalam athava Ragathinte Balam |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=574}}

===Plays===
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1949 |title=Misrayile Rani athava Ellam Kalanja Kamam |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=417}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1951 |title=Bheeshani |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=417}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1961 |title=Upadeshiyar |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=417}}

===Science===
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1923 |title=Janthusastram: Part 1 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (From germs to ants) }}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Malayala Grantha Soochi: A Retrospective Bibliography of Malayalam Books |volume=2 |editor-last = Govi | editor-first = K. M. |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]|date=1974|page=529}}</ref>
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1923 |title=Janthusastram: Part 2 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (From fishes to snakes) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=529}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1923 |title=Janthusastram: Part 3 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Birds) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=529}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1923 |title=Janthusastram: Part 4 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Mammals) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=529}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1923 |title=Janthusastram |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (All four volumes combined) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=529}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1923 |title=Janthu Vritantham |location=Quilon |publisher=V. V. Press }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=529}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1929 |title=Jyothisastram |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (On sky, earth and stars) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=513}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1931 |title=Pranivamsa Charitram: Part 1 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Cellular organism, earthworm, ant, etc.) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=530}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1931 |title=Pranivamsa Charitram: Part 2 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Crow, dog, chicken, eagle, termite) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=530}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1931 |title=Pranivamsa Charitram: Part 3 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Snake, jungle crow, rat, mosquito, fox) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=530}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1931 |title=Pranivamsa Charitram: Part 4 |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Lizard family, termite, owl, squirrel) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=530}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1955 |title=Pranivamsa Charitram |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |edition=2nd |postscript=. (All four volumes combined) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=530}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1957 |title=Parakkan Vayyathayi Poya Pakshikal |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers |postscript=. (Chicken, Dodo, Penguin, Ostrich, Emu and Kiwi) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=530}}

===Others===
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1933 |title=Chila Anyapadeshangal |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Collection of allegories) }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=275}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1934 |title=Sukumara Gadya Manjari |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |postscript=. (Collection of 7 essays: :Poovu", "Vairakallu", "Kotti", "Mulamkoodu", "Pallikal", "Arabi Ottakam", "Oru Nirupanam") }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=820}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1947 |title=Bhasavilasam |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers |postscript=. (Love poem) }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=275}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1952 |title=Chiriyo Chiri |location=Calicut |publisher=K. R. Brothers |edition=2nd |postscript=. (Humour) }}{{sfn|Govi|1973|p=760}}
* {{cite book |author=K. Sukumaran |author-mask=1 |date=1956 |title=Albutha Viswasangalum Acharanangalum |location=Calicut |publisher=P. K. Brothers |postscript=. (Book on sexual beliefs and practices across the globe) }}{{sfn|Govi|1974|p=333}}

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukumaran}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian humorists]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Malayalam short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Tom Jose

2025-12-18T12:30:43Z

Bsdmission: new basic post v1

{{Short description|Indian civil servant (born 1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| governor = [[Arif Mohammed Khan]] [[P. Sathasivam]]
| predecessor = [[Paul Antony (Bureaucrat)|Paul Antony]] [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| term_start = July 2018
| term_end = May 2020
| office = [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]], [[Government of Kerala]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| alma_mater =
| native_name =
| birth_place = [[Pala, Kerala]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|5|30}}
| successor = [[Vishwas Mehta|Dr. Vishwas Mehta IAS]]
| occupation = Bureaucrat
}}
'''Tom Jose''' (born 30 May 1960) is an Indian civil servant retired as the Chief Secretary, [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=www.ETGovernment.com|title=Bureaucratic reshuffle in Kerala on cards as chief secretary Tom Jose set to retire - ET Government|url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/bureaucratic-reshuffle-in-kerala-on-cards-as-chief-secretary-tom-jose-set-to-retire/75744727|access-date=2021-06-16|website=ETGovernment.com|language=en}}</ref> He is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer belonging 1984 batch of [[Kerala]] cadre. He served as Chairman of [[Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation]] (KSINC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tom Jose new KSINC chairman|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/jun/16/tom-jose-new-ksinc-chairman-2157053.html|access-date=2021-06-16|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Education ==
He is a graduate of MBA from [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]].{{fact|date=December 2022}}

== Career ==
[[File:The Chief Minister of Kerala, Shri Pinarayi Vijayan calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on September 26, 2018. The Chief Secretary of Kerala, Shri Tom Jose is also seen.JPG|thumb|Tom Jose, with Union Home Minister, [[Rajnath Singh]] and Chief Minister, [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]]]
Jose started his career as Sub Collector, Thrissur. He was the district collector of Pathanamthitta district. He served in Ministry of Defence as Director and As Counselor in Embassy of India in Moscow from 2004 to 2007. He then served as Principal Secretary in Public Works Department, Higher Education department, Transport department and Planning and Economic affairs department. When [[Kochi Metro Rail Limited]] was formed, he served as the first Managing Director. Also he held the position of Managing Director of [[Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation|KSIDC]] and [[Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation|KSINC]].
Before appointed as Chief Secretary, he was Additional Chief Secretary, Labour & Skills Department.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-01|title=Tom Jose assumes charge as Chief Secretary of Kerala|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/010718/tom-jose-assumes-charge-as-chief-secretary-of-kerala.html|access-date=2021-06-16|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> His tenure as Chief Secretary of Kerala was challenging, with Nipah Outbreak, 2018 Floods and COVID-19 outbreak. He was able to efficiently manage the emergencies in professional manner.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-30|title=Chief Minister heaps praise on Tom Jose|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/chief-minister-heaps-praise-on-tom-jose/article31712400.ece|access-date=2021-06-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> After retirement, he served as Chairman, [[Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation|url=http://www.ksinc.in/news/appointment-of-new-chairman-for-ksinc|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.ksinc.in}}</ref>

'''Controversy'''

Recently he made a hate speech against Malankara Orthodox Church regarding the 1934 Malankara Orthodox Church constitution stating church do not have original with them.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jose, Tom}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cochin University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Civil servants from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian football executives]]

Hemant Choudhary

2025-12-08T07:57:53Z

Bsdmission: added first page first draft

{{short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hemant Choudhary
| image = Hemant Choudhary in 21st ITA Awards.jpg
| caption = Hemant Choudhary on the red carpet of '''21st ITA AWARDS'''
| birth_place = [[Godda, Jharkhand]], India
| birth_date = 
| occupation = Actor
| years active = 1996–present
| known for = [[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]] [[Veer Shivaji]] [[Thapki Pyaar Ki]] [[Siya Ke Ram]] [[Border (1997 film)|Border]]
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=}}
}}

'''Hemant Choudhary'''  is an Indian actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-gives-you-financial-security-but-theres-no-growth-as-an-actor-hemant-choudhary/articleshow/90572905.cms|website=The Times Of India|title=TV gives you financial security, but there’s no growth as an actor: Hemant Choudhary|date = 1 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/supporting-actor/hemant-choudhary|website=NETTV4U|title=Hemant Choudhary}}</ref> who appears in [[Hindi]] serials, films and web series.

== Early life and career ==
Hemant Choudhary<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/confidence-strength-hemant-choudhary-1503054773.html/amp|title=‘My confidence is my strength’: Hemant Choudhary|website=The Statesman|date=26 March 2022}}</ref> was born in [[Godda]], a small town in [[Jharkhand]] and brought up in [[Hazaribagh]], Jharkhand. He completed his later education in Delhi. He moved to Mumbai in the 90s to pursue a career as an actor in the Entertainment Industry. In the late 90s he acted in movies such as ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'' and ''[[Return of Jewel Thief]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/taali-omg-2-actor-hemant-choudhary-an-average-actor-may-survive-in-tv-never-in-films-101693930854819.html|title=‘Taali, OMG 2 actor Hemant Choudhary: ‘An average actor may survive in TV, never in films’|website=Hindustan Times|date=6 September 2023}}</ref>

He is best known for his role of ''Raghunath Singh'' in ''[[Zee TV]]'' 's ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/actor-hemant-choudhary-gears-play-kripacharya-star-plus-mahabharat|title=Hemant Choudhary to play Kripacharya|website=Tellychakkar|date=19 November 2013}}</ref>
He made his debut on television in 2001 with ''[[Zee TV]]'' 's ''Gharana'' in which he played the character of Rahul Somani.
He has also starred in shows such as ''[[Siya Ke Ram]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//etphotostory/49574645.cms|website=Times of India|title=Siya Ke Ram:Everything You Want To Know About The Show|date=16 November 2015}}</ref> ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'', ''[[Thapki Pyar Ki]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/hemant-choudhary-to-enter-thapki-on-colors/145965|title=Hemant Choudhary to enter Thapki Pyar Ki'|website=Times Now|date=3 September 2016}}</ref> ''[[Main Maike Chali Jaungi Tum Dekhte Rahiyo]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodpapa.com/184755/checkout-real-name-and-age-of-main-maike-chali-jaungi-star-cast/|website=Bollywood Papa|title=Checkout the real name and age of Main Maike Chali Jaungi star cast|date=29 September 2018}}</ref> ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hemant-kumar-choudhary-to-play-lord-brahma-in-namah/articleshow/71822425.cms|title=Hemant Choudhary to play Lord Brahma in 'Namah'|website=Times of India |author=Neha Maheshwari|date=30 October 2019}}</ref> ''[[Saath Saath Banayenge Ek Aashiyaan]]'', ''[[Kumkum (TV series)|Kumkum]]'' and ''[[Ek Ghar Banaunga]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/ek-ghar-banaunga-important-show-me-hemant-choudhary-083|title=Ek Ghar Banaunga is an important show for me - Hemant Choudhary|website=Tellychakkar|date=16 February 2014}}</ref> He has appeared in films and web series such as ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'', ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/hemant-chaudharys-azhar-tale-160514|website=Tellychakkar|title=Hemant Chaudhary's 'Azhar' tale|date=14 May 2016}}</ref> ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' and ''[[Aashram]]'' - ''Season 3''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-actor-in-me-wants-to-do-more-hemant-choudhary-on-shifting-his-focus-from-tv-to-web/articleshow/101107128.cms|title=‘The Actor In Me Wants To Do More:’ Hemant Choudhary On Shifting His Focus From TV To Web|website=The Times of India|date=19 June 2023}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Return of Jewel Thief]]''
| Inspector
|
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Border (1997 film) | Border]]''
| P.D. Somesh Uttam
| [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] Officer
|-
| 2002
| ''Bharat Bhagya Vidhata''
| Terrorist
| Antagonist
|-
| 2005
| ''[[71/2 Phere]]''
| TV Show Hero
| Cameo
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Janani (2006 film) | Janani]]''
|
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''
| Vijay
| Film Star
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Azhar (film) | Azhar]]''
| Samar
| Ad Film Director
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Blank (2019 film) | Blank]]''
| Doctor
|
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2023
| ''[[OMG 2]]''
| Nagdev Sir
| Biology Teacher
|-
| ''Deceptive Diva''
| D.D.
| [[ShemarooMe]] Film
|-
| rowspan = "3" | 2024
| ''[[Chandu Champion]]''
| Brigadier at Secunderabad
|
|-
| ''[[Maharaj (film) | Maharaj]]''
| Shraddhalu
| [[Netflix]] Film
|-
| ''[[Dhaaak]]''
| Inspector Chatur Waghmare
| Antagonist
|-
| 2025
| ''Sarkari Baccha''
| Pandey Ji<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/delhi/movies/sarkari-baccha/ET00434969|website=BookMyShow|title=Sarkari Baccha|date=28 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://technosports.co.in/sarkari-baccha-release-date-trailer-cast-plot/|website=TechnoSports|title=Sarkari Baccha Release Date 2025: Everything About Trailer, Cast, Plot Expectations and More|date=19 February 2025}}</ref>
|
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Channel
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2001–2003 || Gharana || Rahul Somani|| [[Zee TV]] || Main Lead
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Kabhi To Milenge]]'' || Investigating Officer || [[Zee TV]] ||
|-
| 2003–2004 || ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' || Inspector Ashutosh || [[StarPlus]] ||
|-
| 2003–2006 || ''[[Kumkum (TV series)|Kumkum]]'' || Inspector Bhupendra Singh || [[StarPlus]] ||
|-
| 2004–2005 || ''[[Hey...Yehii To Haii Woh!]]'' || Babu Kamath || [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]] || Main Antagonist
|-
| 2007–2008 || ''[[Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai]]'' || Khan Chacha || [[Zee TV]] ||
|-
| 2007–2008 || ''[[Ardhangini (2007 TV series)|Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi]]'' || Onir Bhattacharya || [[Zee TV]] || Priyam's Uncle
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Saath Saath Banayenge Ek Aashiyaan]]'' || Ranjeet Singh || [[Zee TV]] || Uday's Father
|-
| 2009–2011 || ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]'' || Raghunath Singh|| [[Zee TV]] || Commander-In-Chief of Jhansi
|-
| 2011–2012 || ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'' || Shyamraj Nikant Pant || [[Viacom 18|Colors TV]] ||Prime Minister in the court of Shivaji
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' || Prajapati Vishwaroop || [[Life OK]] || Guest Appearance
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' || Guru [[Kripacharya]]|| [[StarPlus]] ||
|-
| 2013–2014 || ''[[Buddha (TV series)|Buddha]]'' || Mahamantri Udyan|| [[Zee TV]] ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Ek Ghar Banaunga]]'' || Shashikant Garg || [[StarPlus]] || Akash's Father
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' || Dondiya Thakur Sanda<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/hemant-choudhary-and-deeksha-kanwal-sonalkar-enter-sony-tvs-maharana-pratap-150407|website=Tellychakkar|title=Hemant Choudhary and Deeksha Kanwal Sonalkar to enter Sony TV's Maharana Pratap|date=7 April 2015}}</ref>|| [[Sony Entertainment Television]] ||
|-
| 2015–2016 || ''[[Siya Ke Ram]]'' || [[Kushadhwaja]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/hemant-choudhary-star-plus-siya-ke-ram-151116|website=Tellychakkar|title=Hemant Choudhary in Star Plus Siya Ke Ram|date=16 November 2015}}</ref>|| [[StarPlus]] || Sita's Uncle
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]'' || Dr Sinha<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/hemant-choudhary-enter-sony-tvs-kuch-rang-pyar-ke-160307|website=Tellychakkar|title=Hemant Choudhary to enter Sony TV's Kuch Rang Pyar Ke...|date=7 March 2016}}</ref>|| [[Sony Entertainment Television]] || Guest Appearance
|-
| 2016–2017 || ''[[Thapki Pyar Ki]]'' || Naman Jaiswal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/hemant-choudhary-enter-colors-thapki-pyar-ki-160814|website=Tellychakkar|title=Hemant Choudhary to enter Colors' Thapki Pyar Ki|date=14 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/New-entry-in-Colors-Thapki-Pyaar-Ki/articleshow/53708250.cms|website=Times of India|title=New entry in Colors' 'Thapki Pyaar Ki'|date=15 August 2016}}</ref> || [[Viacom 18|Colors TV]] || Bihan's Uncle/Step Father
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]]'' || Nandalal Agarwal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/unlike-my-screen-persona-i-endorse-the-message-given-out-ek-aastha-aisi-bhee-hemant|title=Unlike my on-screen persona, I endorse the message given out in Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee – Hemant Choudhary|website=Tellychakkar|date=9 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/international-actress-to-be-paired-opposite-kanwar-dhillon-in-nastik_98106|title='International Actress' to be paired opposite Kanwar Dhillon in 'Nastik'!|website=India Forums|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>|| [[StarPlus]] || Shiv's Uncle
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' || Prajapati Daksh <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/hemant-choudhary-enter-sony-tvs-vighnaharta-ganesh/2018/02/26|website=IWMBUZZ|title=Hemant Choudhary to enter Sony TV's Vighnaharta Ganesh|date=26 February 2018}}</ref>|| [[Sony Entertainment Television]] || Guest Appearance
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]'' || Lord [[Parashurama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/v/s/www.iwmbuzz.com/television/spoilers/hemant-choudharys-parashuram-act-tvs-paramavatar-shri-krishna/2018/05/12|website=IWMBUZZ|title=Hemant Choudhary's 'Parashuram act' in &TV's Paramavatar Shri Krishna|date=12 May 2018}}</ref>||[[&TV]]|| Guest Appearance
|-
| 2018–2019 || ''[[Main Maike Chali Jaungi Tum Dekhte Rahiyo]]'' ||Gauri Shankar Surana || [[Sony Entertainment Television]] || Samar's Father
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Namah Lakshmi Narayan]]''|| Lord [[Brahma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/zalak-desai-and-hemant-choudhary-star-plus-namah-190621|website=Tellychakkar|title=Zalak Desai and Hemant Choudhary in Star Plus' Namah|date=21 June 2019}}</ref> || [[StarPlus]] || Also Narrator
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''|| Yashvardhan Raichand <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/exclusive-krpab-actor-hemant-choudhary-enter-zee-tvs-kundali-bhagya-210727 |website=Tellychakkar|title=EXCLUSIVE! KRPAB Actor Hemant Choudhary to ENTER Zee TV's Kundali Bhagya|date= 27 July 2021}}</ref> || [[Zee TV]] || Sonakshi's Father
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Parineetii (TV series)|Parineetii]]'' || Devraj Malhotra || rowspan="2"|[[Colors TV]] ||
|-
|2024 || ''[[Doree (TV series)|Doree]]'' || Veerendra Singh ||[[Colors TV]]
|-
|2024 || ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' || Amar Dayal || [[Zee TV]]|| Jaiswal’s political Rival
|-
|2024-Present || ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]'' || Joy || [[StarPlus]] || Riya’s father, Paresh’s Rival
|-
| 2025|| ''Rishton se Bandhi Gauri'' || Kuldeep Pratap Singh Bundela || Sun Neo tv || Rudra, Virendra and Vijender's father
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Streaming Platform
! Production House
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2022|| ''[[Aashram]]''|| I.G. Sumit Chauhan || [[MX Player]]|| Prakash Jha Productions|| Season 3
|-
|2023|| ''Puraani Havveli Ka Rahasya''|| Mukesh Gupta || [[Alt Balaji]]|| || Main Lead
|-
|-
|2023|| ''[[Taali (TV series)]]''|| Sanjeev Mittal || [[JioCinema]]|| GSEAMS
Triple Ace Entertainments jio studio's
|
|-
|2023|| ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]''|| Nasir’s Father || [[Amazon Prime Video]]||[[Excel Entertainment]]||
|}

=== Music video ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Album
! Label
! Singer
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2023|| ''Mere Bhole Nath'' ||[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] || [[Jubin Nautiyal]] || Main Protoganist
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1616485}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Hemant}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:People from Godda district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Suicide of Uvaraja Gopal

2025-11-22T21:51:07Z

Bsdmission: new first stub w/ infobox

{{short description|Singaporean police sergeant (died 2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
'''Uvaraja Gopal''' was an Indian-origin [[Singapore Police Force|police sergeant]] in Singapore who died of suicide on the 21st of July, 2023, at the age of 35, allegedly after enduring workplace bullying and racial discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPF to investigate allegations of racial discrimination, workplace bullying made by officer before his death: Shanmugam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-officer-death-racial-discrimination-workplace-bullying-allegations-shanmugam-3645966 |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref> At the time of his death, he was undergoing three criminal and disciplinary investigations. The case garnered widespread media attention in Singapore, with several calls for an independent inquiry into the incident, including by activist [[Constance Singam]], and over 1,000 signatures on an [[online petition]].

== Background ==
[[File:K. Shanmugam in meeting with Iranian Parliament chairman Ali Larijani.jpg|thumb|Shanmugam in 2014.]]
Gopal, who was of [[Indian Singaporeans|Indian]] origin, claimed to have been mistreated and racially discriminated against by his colleagues and superiors at while working as a police officer in Singapore for over 10 years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anshul |first1=Girish |title=Singapore Police to probe racism among officers after Indian-origin cop's suicide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/indian-origin-officer-death-suicide-singapore-police-investigate-racism-racial-slurs-2498345-2024-02-06 |website=India Today |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206152209/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/indian-origin-officer-death-suicide-singapore-police-investigate-racism-racial-slurs-2498345-2024-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="straits1">{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Andrew |title=Cop who made discrimination allegations faced 3 investigations at time of death: Shanmugam |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/cop-who-made-workplace-discrimination-allegations-faced-3-investigations-at-time-of-death-shanmugam |website=The Straits Times |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207013152/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/cop-who-made-workplace-discrimination-allegations-faced-3-investigations-at-time-of-death-shanmugam |archive-date=7 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Law Minister orders probe into alleged racial discrimination faced by Indian-origin officer before death |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/singapore-law-minister-orders-probe-into-alleged-racial-discrimination-faced-by-indian-origin-officer-before-death/article67108624.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722025222/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/singapore-law-minister-orders-probe-into-alleged-racial-discrimination-faced-by-indian-origin-officer-before-death/article67108624.ece |archive-date=22 July 2023 |date=22 July 2023 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In a now-deleted [[Facebook]] post, he claimed to have been subjected to ethnic slurs, bullying from supervisors, and being ostracised at work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police officer who alleged workplace bullying before death was offered help for 'substantial' work challenges: SPF |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-officer-death-uvaraja-gopal-racial-discrimination-bullying-work-challenges-spf-3648611 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115023637/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-officer-death-uvaraja-gopal-racial-discrimination-bullying-work-challenges-spf-3648611 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Police to investigate racial slurs and racism among its officers as 'possible misconduct' after Indian-origin officer's death |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/singapore-police-to-investigate-racial-slurs-and-racism-among-its-officers-as-possible-misconduct-after-indian-origin-officers-death-587983/ |website=The Tribune |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206125210/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/singapore-police-to-investigate-racial-slurs-and-racism-among-its-officers-as-possible-misconduct-after-indian-origin-officers-death-587983/ |archive-date=6 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Internal investigations in 2015 found that offensive language was used, but was not targeted at Gopal.<ref name="CNATang">{{cite web |last1=Tang |first1=Louisa |last2=Tham |first2=Davina |title=Police officer suicide: Workplace racism allegations in SPF will be investigated as disciplinary breaches, says Shanmugam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-racism-workplace-bullying-uvaraja-gopal-shanmugam-4102471 |website=Channel News Asia |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206054910/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/police-racism-workplace-bullying-uvaraja-gopal-shanmugam-4102471 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> The officer apologised to Gopal and he was offered the option of lodging an official complaint, which he declined to do.<ref name="straits1" /> In 2019, Gopal claimed a superior had shredded his leave form and uploaded the act to a chat group; he admitted to doing so and was reprimanded. Investigations of other claims of various superiors using discriminatory and offensive language against Gopal were found to not be true.<ref name="straits1" />

In 2021, Gopal filed a complaint against officers vaping within police compounds, the results of which were inconclusive; in 2023, he filed a complaint of officers smoking in a different compound.<ref name="straits1" /> The officers involved were referred to an Internal Affairs Office. Gopal claimed he received unfair performance appraisals, which affected his career. [[K. Shanmugam]], the Minister for Home Affairs, found said that investigations found the allegations to be false, and that Gopal was given opportunities to apply for postings. At his request, he was transferred to six different work units in nine years.<ref name="straits1" />

Gopal claimed he was treated as an outcast, with nobody from the police division attending his wedding.<ref name="straits1" /> Investigations found that he had only invited one officer, who was unable to attend after falling ill. Shanmugam claimed that investigations found that Gopal suffered from various personal issues, he frequently applied for medical leave for extended periods, and seemed to have faced psychological stresses and chronic insomnia since 2017. He also displayed symptoms of [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety]] and [[Depression (mood)|depression]].<ref name="gutzy" /> Gopal's supervisors organised counselling and psychological assistance for him from 2016, with the latest instance being in January 2023.<ref name="SPF">{{cite web |title=Police Statement On Allegations Made By Late Police Officer SGT Uvaraja S/O Gopal |url=https://www.police.gov.sg/media-room/news/20230724_police_statement_on_allegations_made_by_late_police_officer_sgt_uvaraja_so_gopal |website=Singapore Police Force |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724113644/https://www.police.gov.sg/media-room/news/20230724_police_statement_on_allegations_made_by_late_police_officer_sgt_uvaraja_so_gopal |archive-date=24 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2023, he was shifted to another unit and showed signs of being mentally unstable; he was relieved from carrying firearms the same month due to safety concerns. On 13 July 2023, police responded to calls at Gopal's parents' residence, where he had allegedly assaulted his brother over financial matters. The next day, Gopal's mother lodged a report against him, saying she feared for her safety. Later in the day, Gopal's sister-in-law called police to report him being outside her house; he left after police arrived.<ref name="SPF" /> Gopal served at the [[Ang Mo Kio Police Division]] at the time of his death.<ref name="gutzy">{{cite web |title=Minister Shanmugam reprimands LMW's COI proposal on death of late Sgt. Uvaraja |url=https://gutzy.asia/2024/02/06/minister-shanmugam-reprimands-lmws-coi-proposal-on-death-of-late-sgt-uvaraja/ |website=Gutzy Asia |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221055640/https://gutzy.asia/2024/02/06/minister-shanmugam-reprimands-lmws-coi-proposal-on-death-of-late-sgt-uvaraja/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Death ==
On 21 July 2023, Gopal made [[Facebook]] post alleging that he had experienced racial discrimination and workplace bullying, and alluding that he would be dead by the time the post was published.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ong |first1=Justin |title=Racial discrimination allegations made by cop Uvaraja Gopal before his death 'unsubstantiated', but SPF to reinvestigate |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/racial-discrimination-allegations-made-cop-uvaraja-gopal-his-death-unsubstantiated-spf-reinvestigate-2217651 |website=Today |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724085855/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/racial-discrimination-allegations-made-cop-uvaraja-gopal-his-death-unsubstantiated-spf-reinvestigate-2217651 |archive-date=24 July 2023 |date=24 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Begum |first1=Yasmin |title=SPF to investigate allegations of racial discrimination, workplace bullying made by officer before his death: Shanmugam |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/spf-investigate-allegations-racial-discrimination-workplace-bullying-made-officer-his-death-shanmugam-2216831 |website=Today |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722123054/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/spf-investigate-allegations-racial-discrimination-workplace-bullying-made-officer-his-death-shanmugam-2216831 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |date=22 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gopal died of suicide the same day, reportedly by [[Suicide by jumping from height|jumping]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore Policeman's Suicide Raises Racism Questions |url=https://www.asiasentinel.com/p/singapore-police-uvaraja-gopal-suicide-racism |website=Asia Sentinel |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802012126/https://www.asiasentinel.com/p/singapore-police-uvaraja-gopal-suicide-racism |archive-date=2 August 2023 |date=31 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> at the age of 36.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ong|first1=Justin |title=SPF went to 'considerable lengths' to help late sergeant Uvaraja Gopal through health, family issues: Shanmugam |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/spf-uvaraja-gopal-help-issues-health-police-4102856 |website=Channel News Asia |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209090607/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/spf-uvaraja-gopal-help-issues-health-police-4102856 |archive-date=9 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Allegations Surrounding Suicide of Sgt Uvaraja S/O Gopal – Transcript of Ministerial Statement by Mr K Shanmugam, Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for Law |url=https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/parliamentary/allegations-surrounding-suicide-of-sgt-uvaraja-so-gopal-transcript-of-ministerial-statement/ |website=Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207022238/https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/parliamentary/allegations-surrounding-suicide-of-sgt-uvaraja-so-gopal-transcript-of-ministerial-statement/ |archive-date=7 February 2024 |date=6 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was found motionless in an apartment block, and taken to the hospital while unconscious, later dying.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Cheryl |title=Officer's death will be thoroughly investigated to retain confidence in police force: Shanmugam |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/officer-s-death-will-be-thoroughly-investigated-to-retain-confidence-in-police-force-shanmugam |website=The Straits Times |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723133555/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/officer-s-death-will-be-thoroughly-investigated-to-retain-confidence-in-police-force-shanmugam |archive-date=23 July 2023 |date=23 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> At the time of his suicide, Gopal was under criminal investigation for offences under the Penal Code and the Protection from Harassment Act, and under two internal disciplinary investigations for disobeying orders; once in April 2023 when he left his uncompleted work unattended and refused to return to finish it, and once in July 2023 when he had left his home on multiple occasions despite being on medical leave.<ref name="straits1" />

== Aftermath ==
The Singapore Police Force announced it would investigate the claims made by Gopal following his suicide.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Gurdip |title=Singapore Police to investigate racial slurs and racism among its officers as 'possible misconduct' after Indian-origin officer's death |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/international/singapore-police-to-investigate-racial-slurs-and-racism-among-its-officers-as-possible-misconduct-after-indian-origin-officer-s-death/1270049 |website=Press Trust of India |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108083545/https://www.ptinews.com/story/international/singapore-police-to-investigate-racial-slurs-and-racism-among-its-officers-as-possible-misconduct-after-indian-origin-officer-s-death/1270049 |archive-date=8 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The case garnered widespread media attention in Singapore, with several calls for an independent inquiry into the incident, and over 1,000 signatures on an online petition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Calls intensify for independent inquiry into death of Sgt Uvaraja Gopal, alleged victim of racial discrimination in SPF |url=https://gutzy.asia/2023/08/01/calls-intensify-for-independent-inquiry-into-death-of-sgt-uvaraja-gopal-alleged-victim-of-racial-discrimination-in-spf/ |website=Gutzy Asia |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802004901/https://gutzy.asia/2023/08/01/calls-intensify-for-independent-inquiry-into-death-of-sgt-uvaraja-gopal-alleged-victim-of-racial-discrimination-in-spf/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |date=1 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Singaporean politician [[Leong Mun Wai]] suggested appointing a Committee of Inquiry to investigate the matter, to which Shanmugam disagreed.<ref name="gutzy" /> Political party [[Red Dot United]] emailed all Members of Parliament calling to address the issue and recommending the formation of an Independent Committee to thoroughly investigate the claims.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sgt Uvaraja's demise - MPs briefed on need for independent probe |url=https://reddotunited.sg/latest/f/sgt-uvarajas-demise---mps-briefed-on-need-for-independent-probe |website=Red Dot United |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730110144/https://reddotunited.sg/latest/f/sgt-uvarajas-demise---mps-briefed-on-need-for-independent-probe |archive-date=30 July 2023 |date=28 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopal, Suicide of Uvaraja}}
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:2023 suicides]]
[[Category:Male suicides]]
[[Category:Singaporean police officers]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:2023 in Singapore]]
[[Category:Suicides by jumping in Singapore]]
[[Category:Suicides in Singapore]]
[[Category:Bullying and suicide]]

R. A. Padmanabhan

2025-11-14T21:37:51Z

Bsdmission: created first stub v1

{{Short description|Indian journalist and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{unreferenced|date=January 2014}}

'''R. A. Padmanabhan''' (1917–2014) was an Indian journalist and a bilingual author who was the main avenue for a breakthrough on the identity of [[Subramaniya Bharathiar]].

He started his career as a journalist at the age of 16 in a local Tamil magazine, ''Ananda Viakadan''. He worked for various newspapers, dailies and magazines like ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[Dhinamani Kadhir]]'', ''[[Ananda Vikadan]]'' and ''[[The Hindustan]]''. He also worked with [[All India Radio]], Delhi.

He received the [[Bharathiar Award]] in 2006 from the former Indian President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. Dr. Kalam also launched the third edition of his magnum opus "Chitra Bharathi" on the same day.

==Early life==

Even as a child, Padmanabhan was interested in journalism and politics.

He was politically active in his school days. He organized Congress Meetings in Royapuram, Triplicane and in High Court, Chennai.
He, in an interview, also stated how he and his friends used to not allow The Whites (The British) into their schools during working days. He said that all his Classmates would lie down near the gate for them to stop coming inside. he said "We used to get beat up like anything. We used to get our back wounded so badly that we would have to bunk school for the next few days!"

When he was in his SSLC (presently 10th grade), he penned stories to Ananda Vikadan. Then in 1933 he became the subeditor of the same paper, at the age of 16. At the time he was the youngest man to become a subeditor of any magazine.

Whilst in Vikadan, he was also in charge of the photographic department at times. His friend, S.R.Subramanyam, a Sarvodaya leader bought a rare photo of Bharathiar to Padmanabhan's office. To both Padmanabhan and to Subramanian's delight, Vasan and Kalki asked them to take multiple copies of the same photograph and send it to all newspapers and dailies of that time.

S.S.Vasan, the founder and editor of ''[[Vikadan]]'', called Padmanabhan asking him to make a decision on whether to continue journalism and quit being a member of congress or quit his job and serve the congress on a bigger scale. Vasan also wanted to ensure that Padmanabhan did not take it as a threat and considered this a friendly advice. However, Padmaanabhan, without second thoughts, quit his job to be a politician. His friend Kalki, hearing the news, got furious and asked Padmanabhan to meet [[C.Rajagopalachari]] (Rajaji), who was the Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] then. Even after knowing why Padmanabhan quit his job, he advised him to undo his mistake and asked him to take up his job again. Padmanabhan, however, was firm and stood his ground. Rajaji tricked him by giving a recommendation letter and making it look like Padmanabhan came to him asking for him to recommending Vasan to give Padmanabhan his old job back. Padmanabhan, knowing how clever Rajaji was, opened the letter as soon as he left his house. After reading the letter, he decided that he would not give S.S.Vasan this letter as he considered this bailing his dignity for a job.

After a three-year stint in the ''Vikadan'', Padmanabhan joined ''Jayabharati'', a local daily. Its editor Mr. R. Narayana Iyengar, a full-fledged Swadeshi was the one who recruited Padmanabhan. Narayana Iyengar was so ardent a Swadeshi that his paper would advertise only for Swadeshi Products and nothing else.

On his third year in ''Jayabharati'', when he and his colleague and best friend Kalki were fighting on whether Bharathiar was a Mahakavi (Great Poet) or not, where Padmanabhan said he was and Kalki opposed, he posed a question and answered the readers on who a Mahakavi was. "One whose work is timeless.. Didn't Bharathiar's work stand the test of time?" he quoted in the local daily.

Soon after this, he was offered two jobs as a journalist.
The first on was from a few of his friends, Raali, Thumilan and [[R. Parthasarathy]] who had started their own and the first illustrated Tamil weekly called the ''Hanuman''. He turned the offer down. After a few months, due to financial problems, the magazine had folded up.
The second offer was from M.S.Kamath, who was the founder and editor of the English weekly, ''The Sunday Times'', who gave him a job in its own Tamil weekly, ''The Hindustan''. Fortunately, he took the job.

Bharathiar could also be called the reason for Padmanabhan to get the job in ''The Hindustan'' as M.S.Kamath was a huge fan of Bharathiar. His years in ''The Hindustan'' were fruitful. He had a better and a more educated audience, he was able to reveal a lot of information about Bharathiar to the world. "I set out to Puducherry (Now Pondycherry) to gather more information about Bharathiar fully geared with a Rolleiflex Camera" he said. He talked to a lot of people who knew Bharathiar and did a lot of homework. He had taken a lot of photographs, most of which took its place in the supplement in ''The Hindustan''.

In 1939, he moved to [[All India Radio]], Trichy, as a scriptwriter. He, being unhappy with AIR, quit his job in a year. "We, me and a few friends of mine, being unhappy with AIR Trichy's anti congress transmissions, put up a plan to sabotage their transmitter. As i worked in the Special Effects department, I knew to make a few animal sounds. The plan was that I bark like a dog to distract the guards while my friends went to the transmitter to break it down" he laughs. Finally with great difficulty, his family persuaded him to give up the plan.

==List Of Books==

* Chitra Bharati - Edition 1 (1957)
* Chitra Bharati - Edition 2 (1982)
* Chitra Bharati - Edition 3 (2006)
* V.O.Chidambaram Pillai - Biographer in English 1977
* V.V.S.AIYAR - 1980 (Tamil and English)
* SUBRAMANIA SIVAM - 1984 (English)
* NEELA KANDA BRAHMACHARI - (English and Tamil)
* Tamizh Idhazhiyal Varalaru
* [[Rukmini Lakshmipathi|RUKMINI LAKSHMIPATHI]](A BIOGRAPHY) - 2001

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padmanabhan, R. A.}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian radio journalists]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Journalists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil journalists]]

Mauda

2025-11-07T18:14:47Z

Bsdmission: brief expand formatting per standard format and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mauda
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.15|N|79.40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_ha = 61293.17
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 32641
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Postal Code]]
| postal_code = 441104<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nagpur.gov.in/s-t-d-pin-code/ | title=
S.T.D. & Pin Code {{!}} District Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India | access-date=11 Oct 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806024407/https://nagpur.gov.in/s-t-d-pin-code/ | archive-date=6 August 2024 | url-status=live | website=nagpur.gov.in/}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-07115
| registration_plate = MH-40
| website = {{URL|nagpur.gov.in/mauda}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Nagpur.png|right|thumb|200px|Map of Nagpur with major towns (including Mauda) and rivers.]]
'''Mouda''', (or '''Mauda''') is a town and a [[Tehsil]] in the [[Ramtek]] subdivision of the [[Nagpur district]] in the Nagpur Revenue Division. It is situated in the [[Berar Division|Berar]] region in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The total area covered under this Tehsil is around 61,293.17 hectares.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mauda {{!}} District Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://nagpur.gov.in/mauda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241009195003/https://nagpur.gov.in/mauda/ |archive-date=9 October 2024 |access-date=10 Oct 2024 |website=nagpur.gov.in}}</ref> The population of this tehsil is around 37,554 (19,566 male, 17,978 female)according to the 1991 census. The nearest city to Mouda is Nagpur, which is 38 km away. now it is also a part of Nagpur metropolitan region. The total number of villages in this tehsil is 41.<ref name=":0" /> Mouda is famous for its fertile agricultural land. Therefore, the main occupation is farming. The average rainfall here is estimated to be around 1223.3mm. It is located on the banks of the [[Kanhan River]] and near [[National Highway 6 (India)|National Highway 6]].

==Villages==
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em|
*[[Adasa]]
*[[Adegaon]]
*[[Aisamba]]
*[[Ajangaon]]
*[[Aroli]]
*[[Ashti, Nagpur|Ashti]]
*[[Babadeo]]
*[[Barshi]]
*[[Batnor]]
*[[Berdipar]]
*[[Bhamawada]]
*[[Bhandewadi]]
*[[Bhendala]]
*[[Bhobhara(sundargaon)]]
*[[Bhowari]]
*[[Borgaon]]
*[[Borgaon(rithi)]]
*[[Bori (ghiwari)]]
*[[Chacher]]
*[[Charbha]]
*[[Chehadi]]
*[[Chicholi]]
*[[Chikhalabodi]]
*[[Chirwha]]
*[[Dahali]]
*[[Dahegaon, Nagpur|Dahegaon]]
*[[Deomundhari]]
*[[Dhamangaon]]
*[[Dhani, Maharashtra|Dhani]]
*[[Dhanla]]
*[[Dhanoli]]
*[[Dharmapuri]]
*[[Dholmara]]
*[[Dudhala]]
*[[Gangner]]
*[[Ghotmundhari]]
*[[Gowari]]
*[[Hingana]]
*[[Hiwara]]
*[[Hiwara]]
*[[Ijani]]
*[[Indora]]
*[[Indori(Rithi)]]
*[[Isapur]]
*[[Kargaon(rithi)]]
*[[Kathalabodi]]
*[[Khandala]]
*[[Khandala]]
*[[Khandala Gujar]]
*[[Khaparkheda]]
*[[Khaparkheda (Gadi Patil Teli)]]
*[[Khaparkheda (Kirad)]]
*[[Kharda]]
*[[Khat]]
*[[Khidki]]
*[[Khopadi]]
*[[Kirnapur]]
*[[Kodamendhi]]
*[[Kopara]]
*[[Korad]]
*[[Kotgaon]]
*[[Kumbhapur]]
*[[Kumbhari]]
*[[Lapaka]]
*[[Mahadula]]
*[[Mahalgaon]]
*[[Mangli (Chande)]]
*[[Mangli(Gosai)]]
*[[Mangli(Teli)]]
*[[Marodi]]
*[[Mathani]]
*[[Metshivadouli]]
*[[Mohadi]]
*[[Mohkhedi]]
*[[Morgaon]]
*[[Murmadi]]
*[[Nanadevi]]
*[[Nandapuri]]
*[[Nandgaon, Nagpur|Nandgaon]]
*[[Narsala]]
*[[Nawargaon]]
*[[Nawegaon]]
*[[Nawegaon]]
*[[Nerla]]
*[[Niharwani]]
*[[Nimkheda]]
*[[Nisatkheda]]
*[[Panjara]]
*[[Panmara]]
*[[Pardi Kh]]
*[[Pardikala]]
*[[Pawaddauna]]
*[[Pimpalgaon]]
*[[Pipari]]
*[[Rahadi]]
*[[Rajoli]]
*[[Rewaral]]
*[[Salwa, Maharashtra|Salwa]]
*[[Sawagi]]
*[[Sawargaon]]
*[[Shiwani]]
*[[Shrikhanda]]
*[[Sigori]]
*[[Singori]]
*[[Sirsoli]]
*[[Sukali]]
*[[Sukli]]
*[[Tanda, Maharashtra|Tanda]]
*[[Tarodi]]
*[[Tarsa, India|Tarsa]]
*[[Tondli (Burj)]]
*[[Tondli Rithi]]
*[[Tuman, Maharashtra|Tuman]]
*[[Wadhana]]
*[[Wagbodi]]
*[[Wagholi (Rithi)]]
*[[Wakeshwar]]
*[[Wanjra]]
*[[Waygaon]]
*[[Wirshi]]
*[[Zullar]]
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nagpur district]]
[[Category:Nagpur district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Joga Pradīpikā

2025-10-17T16:28:44Z

Bsdmission: corrected content

{{Short description|1731 Indian yoga text}}
{{italic title}}
The '''''Joga Pradīpikā''''' (जोगप्रदीपिका, "A Small Light on Yoga") is a [[hatha yoga]] text by Ramanandi Jayatarama written in 1737 in a mixture of [[Hindi]], [[Braj Bhasa]], [[Khari Boli]] and forms close to [[Sanskrit]].{{sfn|Jayataramā|1999}}{{sfn|Bühnemann|2007|pp=28-29, 38-63}} It presents 6 [[Shatkarma|cleansing methods]], 84 [[asana]]s, 24 [[mudra]]s and 8 [[kumbhaka]]s.{{sfn|Mallinson|2011|pp=770–781}} The text is illustrated in an 1830 manuscript with 84 paintings of [[asana]]s, prepared about a hundred years after the text.{{sfn|Bühnemann|2007|pp=38-63}}

==Topics==

[[File:Mahamudra in Jogapradipika.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)|Mahāmudrā]]'' is listed among the text's asanas, thus conflating mudras with asanas.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=232-233}}]]

The ''Joga Pradīpikā'' covers a broad range of topics on yoga, including the nature of the yogic [[subtle body]],{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=492}} [[Shatkarma|preliminary purifications]],{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=50}} yogic seals (mudrās),{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=232-233}} [[asana]]s,{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=89-92}} [[pranayama|prānāyāma]] (breath-control),{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=127, 131, 133, 166-170, 264}} [[mantra]]s,{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=264}} [[meditation]],{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=290}} liberation ([[moksha]]),{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=401-3, 416, 431-432}} and [[samādhi]].{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=324-326, 343, 358}}

One of the purifications in the text is the ''mulashishnasodhana'', "the cleansing of the anus and the penis", which calls for water to be drawn into the anus and squirted out through the penis, which [[James Mallinson (author)|James Mallinson]] and [[Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)|Mark Singleton]] gloss as "a feat which is, of course, anatomically impossible."{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=50}}

Prānāyāma is stated to result in liberation, on its own,{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=127, 168}} though some of its breath-control techniques also use mantras.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=264, 168-169}} The ''Joga Pradīpikā'' however asks the yogi to stay on as a physical body to serve the Lord, rather than choosing liberation.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=401, 416}}

The ''Joga Pradīpikā'' conflates the [[mudrās]] with asanas by describing the [[Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)|mahāmudrā]] as one of its 84 asanas. Like other late texts, it describes a relatively large number of mudrās, 24 in all.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=232-233}}

On meditation, the text reworks the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''{{'}}s meditation of the goddess [[Sītā]] and the god [[Rāma]].{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=290}} On samādhi, the yogi reaches it by the "bee cave" in the [[Sahasrara|sahasrara chakra]], the "thousand-petalled lotus", with an unending "unstruck sound".{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=358}}

== Asanas ==

The description of 84 asanas occupies 314 out of 964 verses in the 1737 version. Most of the asanas are said to [[Yoga as therapy|bring therapeutic benefits]]; all of them ask the practitioner to direct the gaze ([[Drishti (yoga)|drishti]]) at the point between the eyebrows or at the end of the nose.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=89-92}}

The 84 asanas described and illustrated in the 1830 document include some that are widely practised in modern [[yoga as exercise|yoga]], but its selection differs markedly from that in other [[hatha yoga]] texts such as the ''[[Hatha Ratnavali]]''. Many of the illustrated poses are [[Meditation seat|seated asanas used for meditation]], including the ancient [[Lotus position|Padmasana]] and [[Siddhasana]], both of which appear twice in the set of illustrations. The number 84 is symbolic rather than literal, indicating that a set is complete and sacred.{{efn|name=symbolism|84's symbolism may derive from its astrological and numerological properties: it is the product of 7, the number of planets in [[astrology]], and 12, the number of [[signs of the zodiac]], while in [[numerology]], 7 is the sum of 3 and 4, and 12 is the product, i.e. 84 is (3+4)×(3×4).<ref name="Rosen 2017">{{cite book |last=Rosen |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rosen (yoga teacher) |title=Yoga FAQ: Almost Everything You Need to Know about Yoga-from Asanas to Yamas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oBPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 |year=2017 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-8348-4057-7 |pages=171–}}</ref>}}{{sfn|Mallinson|2011|pp=770–781}}{{sfn|Bühnemann|2007|pp=38-63}}{{-}}

<gallery mode=packed heights=175px>
File:Jogapradipika 1 Svastikasana.jpg|1 [[Svastikasana]]
File:Jogapradipika 2 Padmasana.jpg|2 [[Lotus position|Padmasana]]
File:Jogapradipika 7 Pascimatanasana.jpg|7 [[Paschimottanasana|Paschimottan{{shy}}asana]]
File:Jogapradipika 16 Mayurasana.jpg|16 [[Mayurasana]]
File:Kapala Asana (headstand) from Jogapradipika 1830.jpg |17 [[Sirsasana|Kapali asana]]
File:Jogapradipika 22 Bhadragorakhasana.jpg|22 [[Gorakshasana]]
File:Jogapradipika 29 Viparitakarana.jpg|29 [[Viparita Karani]]
File:Jogapradipika 66 Narasimhasana.jpg|66 [[Simhasana|Narasimh{{shy}}asana]]
File:Jogapradipika 81 Kurmasana.jpg|81 [[Kurmasana]]
File:Jogapradipika 84 Siddhasana.jpg| 84 [[Siddhasana]]
</gallery>

== Notes ==

{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book |last=Bühnemann |first=Gudrun |author-link=Gudrun Bühnemann |title=Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions |date=2007 |publisher=D. K. Printworld |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8124604175 |pages=38–63 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Jayataramā |first1=Ramanandi |title=Jogpradīpikā of Jayataramā |editor1-last=Gharote |editor1-first=M. L. |date=1999 |publisher=Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute |location=Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Mallinson |first=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) |entry=Haṭha Yoga |encyclopedia=Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism |volume=3 |editor=Knut A. Jacobsen |display-editors=etal |year=2011 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=978-90-04-27128-9 |pages=770–781}}
* {{cite book | last1=Mallinson | first1=James |author-link1=James Mallinson (author) |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) | title=[[Roots of Yoga]] | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 | oclc=928480104 }}

{{Hatha yoga}}
{{Yoga}}

[[Category:Hatha yoga texts]]

K. S. Venkitachalam

2025-10-03T04:58:30Z

Bsdmission: added basic post with sources - done

{{Short description|Indian translator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = K. S. Venkitachalam
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Kavasserry Sheshayyar Venkitachalam
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode District]], [[Kerala]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Translator, literary critic
| movement =
| notable_works =
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] (2017)
| influences =
| signature =
}}
'''Kavasserry Sheshayyar Venkitachalam''' is a translator and literary critic from Kerala, India. He has translated 26 books from [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and 5 books from English into [[Malayalam]]. He has also written reviews for about two hundred books. He received many awards including [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] by [[Sahitya Akademi]] Government of India.

==Biography==
Kavasserry Sheshayyar Venkitachalam was born into a [[Tamil Brahmin]] family that has lived in [[Kozhikode]] for three generations.<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite news |title=മൊഴിമാറ്റത്തിന്റെ തമിഴ് മധുരം |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/features/sunday-special/sundayspecial-1.8063543 |work=Newspaper |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=19 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Although born in the [[Kozhikode district]] of Kerala, Venkadachalam's mother tongue is Tamil, which helps him translate the Tamil original text into Malayalam without losing the essence.<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite news |last1=Meethal |first1=Amiya |title=Kavasserry Sheshayyar - connecting literatures of Tamil and Malayalam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2022/Jun/12/kavasserry-sheshayyar---connecting-literatures-of-tamil-and-malayalam-2464567.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=12 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Venkitachalam was an deputy manager at the [[State Bank of India]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> He took voluntary retirement from State Bank in 2001 to focus on writing.<ref name="Manorama">{{cite news |title=സേതുവും വാസ്വേട്ടനും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2023/05/16/mt-vasudevan-nair-and-k-s-venkidachalam.html |work=സേതുവും വാസ്വേട്ടനും |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] selection committee in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Acclaimed Malayalam writer Leelavathy M wins Kendra Sahitya Akademi award |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/acclaimed-malayalam-writer-leelavathy-m-wins-kendra-sahitya-akademi-award-95834 |website=The News Minute |language=en |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>

Venkitachalam, who is single, now lives in [[Karaparamba]] in Kozhikode Corporation.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==Literary contributions==
Venkitachalam has translated 26 books from Tamil and 5 books from English into Malayalam.<ref name="Indian Express"/> When he read the novel in poetic form written by Irayanb, he felt the need to translate its linguistic beauty into Malayalam. Thus, he translated and published it under the title ''Neerchalile Meenukal''.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> The very next year, [[Jayakanthan]]'s ''Hara Hara Shankara'' was also translated and published.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> It was only after these two works received attention that he began to pay more attention to the field of translation.

His translated works include [[Kamba Ramayanam]], Prathapamuthaliyar Charithram (The history of Prathapamuthaliyar), the first novel in Tamil, Kallikkat Ithihasam by [[Vairamuthu]], Tamil women's stories edited by A. Vennila, [[Jayakanthan]]'s Agraharamthile Poochha, Haraharashankara, Oh.. America, Mulankattile Nilavu, Oru Veettil Sambhavikkunnath, Oru Kavita Niyam Tettuinku, [[Azhagiya Periyavan]]'s Meenakshi and Neerottam, [[Perumal Murugan]]'s short stories, Shehnaaz Hussain's Ente Ammayude Prachodanathmaka Jeevitham, [[Kamal Haasan]]'s [[Vishwaroopam]] script, My Geeta by [[Devdutt Pattanaik]], Aaraanu Njaan of [[Ramana Maharshi]], Upa Pandavam by [[S. Ramakrishnan]] and My judgments in the light of Ambedkar by [[K. Chandru|Justice K. Chandru]].<ref name="deshabhimani">{{cite news |title=മികച്ച പരിഭാഷക്കുള്ള കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്‌കാരം കെഎസ് വെങ്കിടാചലത്തിന് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/translation-award-kendra-sahitya-academy-award/694432 |work=Deshabhimani |language=ml |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2021-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610084433/https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/translation-award-kendra-sahitya-academy-award/694432 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KLF">{{cite web |title=K.S.Venkitachalam- Speaker in Kerala literature Festival KLF –2021{{!}} Keralaliteraturefestival.com |url=http://www.keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers_more.aspx?id=MTkyMw== |website=www.keralaliteraturefestival.com |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2021-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610083512/http://www.keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers_more.aspx?id=MTkyMw== |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Indian Express"/><ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

Venkitachalam, also known as a critic, has written reviews for about two hundred books.<ref name="Manorama"/>

Apart from translations and critics, he has written about 25 short stories in Malayalam, although none of them have been published.<ref name="Indian Express"/>

==Awards and honors==
*[[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] for the year 2017 for Malayalam for translating [[Jnanpith Award|Jnanpith]] winner Jayakanthan's Tamil short story collection ''Agraharathile Poochha'' into Malayalam.<ref>{{cite web |title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards ::.. |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>
*Tamil Nadu Nalli Chinnaswamy-Thessai Ettum Award for Translation (2017)<ref name="Indian Express"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkitachalam, K. S.}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Translators to Malayalam]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Writers from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ibhadpada

2025-09-20T08:04:18Z

Bsdmission: added the entry more to come - done

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ibhadpada
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.1397516|N|72.8929|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Talasari]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 79
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1248
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551551
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ibhadpada''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Talasari]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Ibhadpada has 225 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 49.4%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1248 || 614 || 634
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 254 || 141 || 113
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1175 || 567 || 608
|-
| Literates || 491 || 293 || 198
|-
| Workers (all) || 633 || 316 || 317
|-
| Main workers (total) || 478 || 278 || 200
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 300 || 152 || 148
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 24 || 13 || 11
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 154 || 113 || 41
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 155 || 38 || 117
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 20 || 8 || 12
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 122 || 22 || 100
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 13 || 8 || 5
|-
| Non-workers || 615 || 298 || 317
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Talasari taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Talasari taluka]]

Raipur Khas

2025-08-13T00:58:49Z

Bsdmission: created some page initial version - done

{{Orphan|date=December 2024}}
{{short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}

'''Raipur Khas''' is a village<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत): RAIPUR KHAS |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-raipur-khas-55469 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=localbodydata.com}}</ref> in India. It is located in the [[Najibabad]] block, [[Bijnor district]] of the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. raipur khas belongs to the [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]] division, which is located 34 km<ref>{{Cite web |title=BAHADARPUR Village RAIPUR KHAS Panchayat NAJIBABAD Block, BIJNOR, Uttar Pradesh India BrandBharat.com |url=https://www.brandbharat.com/english/up/districts/Bijnor/BIJNOR_NAJIBABAD_RAIPUR%20KHAS_BAHADARPUR.html |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=www.brandbharat.com}}</ref> north of the district [[Bijnor district]] and 22 km [[Kotdwar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Villages & Towns in Najibabad Tehsil of Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/712-najibabad-bijnor-uttar-pradesh.html |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|29|40|34|N|78|13|59|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Bijnor district]]

{{Bijnor-geo-stub}}

Hasir

2025-07-23T16:17:19Z

Bsdmission: added the article needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hasir
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Hosir
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India#India3
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7816|N|85.8052|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bokaro district|Bokaro]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.42
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 11195
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 829111
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06544
| registration_plate = JH 09
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gomia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gomia]]
| website = {{URL|bokaro.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Hasir''' (also spelled Hosir) is a [[census town]] in the [[Gomia block|Gomia]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Bermo subdivision]] of the [[Bokaro district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=610| height=330| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|41|0|N|86|4|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bokaro district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Factory, A: Coal Mining Area Abbreviation used: TPS – Thermal Power Station Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|41|2|N|86|22|26|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Amlabad | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Amlabad]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|38|39|N|86|26|46|E}} | label-pos2=bottom|label2= Bhojudih| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Bhojudih]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|48|55|N|85|53|3|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Bokaro (Thermal)| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bokaro (Thermal)]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|48|0|N|85|55|22|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Kurpania| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Kurpania]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|57|0|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Bermo| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bermo]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|45|30|N|85|55|40|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jaridih Bazar| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jaridih Bazar]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|12|N|86|7|31|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Telo| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Telo, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|47|50|N|86|6|35|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Narra| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Narra, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|7|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Chandrapura| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Chandrapura]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|46|16|N|86|3|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Termi| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Termi]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|45|52|N|86|8|44|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11= Bursera| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Bursera, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|9|40|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Sijhua| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Sijhua]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|9|32|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Dugda| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Dugda]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|12|N|86|9|0|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Bokaro Steel City| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Bokaro Steel City]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|37|12|N|86|9|8|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Bandhgora| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Bandhgora]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|48|48|N|85|49|23|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Gomia| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Gomia]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|46|53|N|85|48|18|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Hasir| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=Hasir (CT)|shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black 
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|43|50|N|85|44|0|E}} | label-pos18=bottom|label18= Lalpania| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Lalpania]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|49|25|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Saram| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Saram, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|44|50|N|85|50|39|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Tenudam-cum-Kathara| numbered20=CT| mark-title20 =[[Tenudam-cum-Kathara]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|39|55|N|86|0|58|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Bandh Dih| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Bandh Dih]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|40|48|N|86|1|12|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Jena| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Jena, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|40|38|N|86|3|23|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Tanr Balidih| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Tanr Balidih]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|52|57|N|86|6|29|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bhandra| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bhandra]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|44|0|N|85|50|50|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Tenu| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Tenu]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|38|44|N|86|10|25|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Chas| numbered26=M| mark-title26= [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] (M) |label-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|46|22|N|86|0|24|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Phusro| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Phusro]] (M) |label-size27=12 |label-color28=#800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|47|55|N|85|58|18|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= CCL B&K Area | numbered28=A| mark-title28= [[Bokaro and Kargali Area]] (A) | label-size28=12|label-color7=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|58|38|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29= CCL Dhori Area| numbered29=A| mark-title29= [[Dhori Area]] (A) | label-size29=12|label-color29=#AA6666
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|45|50|N|85|53|12|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= CCL Kathara Area| numbered30=A| mark-title30= [[Kathara Area]] (A) |label-size30=12|label-color30=#AA6666
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|43|50|N|85|45|0|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Tenughat TPS| numbered31=F| mark-title31= [[Tenughat Thermal Power Station]] |shape-color31=#967117
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|48|0|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Bokaro B TPS| numbered32=F| mark-title32= [[Bokaro Thermal Power Station B]] |shape-color32=#967117
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|38|50|N|86|7|40|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Bokaro Steel Plant| numbered33=F| mark-title33= [[Bokaro Steel Plant]] |shape-color33=#967117
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|34|41|N|86|21|35|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34= Chandankiyari| numbered34=R|mark-title34=[[Chandankiyari]] (R) |shape-color34= #C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|38|2|N|86|18|16|E}} | label-pos35=left|label35= Siyaljori| numbered35=R|mark-title35=[[Siyaljori]] (R) |shape-color35= #C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|30|56|N|86|12|9|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Pindrajora| numbered36=R|mark-title36=[[Pindrajora]] (R) |shape-color36= #C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|42|9|N|85|40|6|E}} | label-pos37=right|label37= Mahuatand| numbered37=R|mark-title37=[[Mahuatand]] (R) |shape-color37= #C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|36|44|N|85|56|6|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38= Kasmar| numbered38=R|mark-title38=[[Kasmar]] (R) |shape-color38= #C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|51|32|N|86|2|31|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Nawadih| numbered39=R|mark-title39=[[Nawadih]] (R) |shape-color39= #C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|37|17|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos40=top|label40= Petarwar| numbered40=R|mark-title40=[[Petarwar]] (R) |shape-color40= #C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|44|0|N|85|49|50|E}}| label41= Tenughat|labela41= Dam| label-color41 = #C42222 | label-angle41=0| label-pos41=left| label-size41=10| mark-size41=12| numbered41=D|mark-title41 =[[Tenughat Dam]]| shape-color41=#C42222
|mark-coord42={{coord|23|42|40|N|86|7|0|E}} |label42= Damodar River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42=9| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|51|30|N|85|49|0|E}} |label43= Konar |labela43= River|label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= 60| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|47|50|N|85|43|0|E}} |label44= Bokaro |labela44= River|label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 10| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|30|0|N|86|24|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-75| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Location===
Hasir is located at {{coord|23.7816|N|85.8052|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Bokaro district consists of undulating uplands on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] with the [[Damodar River]] cutting a valley right across. It has an average elevation of {{convert|200 to 540|m}} above mean sea level. The highest hill, Lugu Pahar, rises to a height of {{convert|1070| m}}. The [[East Bokaro Coalfield]] located in the [[Bermo]]-[[Phusro]] area and small intrusions of [[Jharia Coalfield]] make Bokaro a coal rich district. In 1965, one of the largest steel manufacturing units in the country, [[Bokaro Steel Plant]], operated by [[Steel Authority of India Limited]], was set-up at [[Bokaro Steel City]]. The [[Damodar Valley Corporation]] established its first thermal power station at [[Bokaro (Thermal)]]. The {{convert|5|km}} long, {{convert|55|m}} high earthfill dam with composite masonry cum concrete spillway, [[Tenughat Dam]], across the Damodar River, is operated by the Government of Jharkhand. The average annual rainfall is {{convert|1291.2|mm}}. The soil is generally infertile and agriculture is mostly rain-fed.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Bokaro 2011 |work= Physical features, Mines and minerals, Indistires, p 7-8 |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations | access-date = 30 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.india9.com/i9show/Tenughat-Dam-49898.htm | title = Tenughat Dam |publisher =india9 | access-date = 30 May 2021 }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Hasir had a total population of 11,195, of which 5,772 (52%) were males and 5,428 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,504. The total number of literate persons in Hasir was 7,081 (73.07% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2010_PART_B_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 362418, page 138|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 March 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Bokaro'', Hasir covered an area of 8.42 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 20 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved hand pump, uncovered wells. It had 1,990 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities, it had 1 hospital, 5 dispensaries, 5 health centres, 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity and child welfare centre, 1 maternity home, 65 nursing homes, no medicine shop. Among the educational facilities it had 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at [[Bokaro (Thermal)|Bokaro]] 60 km away.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bokaro, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Pages 384-397| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |accessdate = 2 March 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bokaro District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bokaro district]]

P. Mammikutty

2025-06-11T07:12:31Z

Bsdmission:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Mammikutty
| native_name =
| image = P mammikutty.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[shornur (State Assembly constituency)|Shornur]]
| assembly = Kerala Legislative
| predecessor = [[P. K. Sasi]]
| termstart = May 2021
| termend =
| alma_mater =
| website = {{URL|1=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3887&Itemid=3069|2=www.kerala.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| nationality = {{flag|India}}n
| source =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kerala]] Pachath house Kudallur post Thrithala
| spouse = Fathima
| children = 2
}}
'''P. Mammikutty''' is an Indian politician serving as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Shornur (State Assembly constituency)|Shornur]] Constituency since May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1151.htm?ac=51|access-date=2021-05-02|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mammikutty, P.}}
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Kerala-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

South Brother Island (Andaman Islands)

2025-04-18T17:53:34Z

Bsdmission: new basic details added tags

{{Short description|Uninhabited Island in Indian Ocean}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
'''South Brother Island''' is an uninhabited island in the [[Indian Ocean]], part of the [[Andaman Islands|Andaman Archipelago]]. It is located in the [[Duncan Passage]], about 9.5 [[km|kilometre]] northeast of [[Little Andaman Island]]. It is part of the [[South Andaman district]] of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], a [[Union Territory]] of India.

The island is roughly bean-shaped, about 1800 [[metre|m]] by 630 m, with a broad bay on the north side. It is almost flat, thickly wooded, fringed by a narrow beach and surrounded by a reefs. The central part is depressed and becomes a lake in the rainy season.<ref name="portman"/> The island hosts a 1.24 [[square kilometre|km2]] [[wildlife sanctuary]], established 1987.<ref name="indgov2">Government of India, ''[http://www2.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_andaman.htm Directory of Wildlife Protected Areas in India] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20030825040128/http://www2.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_andaman.htm |date=25 August 2003 }}''. Accessed on 2012-07-03.</ref>

By the end of the 19th century, the island was occasionally visited by the [[Onge people|Onge]] of Little Andaman to catch [[sea turtle]]s; one explorer reports finding huts "with neat [[charpoy]]s of [[bamboo]]s" capable of holding 30 people. The island seemed to be their limit in disputes with the [[Great Andamanese people|Great Andamanese]].<ref name="portman">M. V. Portman (1899), ''[http://booksnow2.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/22/historyofourrela02portuoft/historyofourrela02portuoft_bw.pdf A history of our Relations with the Andamanese]'', Volume II. Office of the Government Printing, Calcutta, India.</ref> It has been conjectured to be part of the route for the Onge expansion into south [[Great Andaman Island]] in the wake of the Great Andamanese tribes, around 1890 to 1930.<ref name="portman"/><ref name="weber">George Weber (~2009), ''[http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm The Tribes]''. Chapter 8 in ''[http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm The Andamanese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805204050/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-portman.htm |date=5 August 2012 }}''. Accessed on 2012-07-03.</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Islands}}
* [[North Brother Island, India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|10.933|92.613|type:isle_region:IN-AN|display=title}}

[[Category:Islands of South Andaman district]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]

National Highway 716A (India)

2025-02-28T16:28:54Z

Bsdmission: Creating Initial Data And Citations...

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 716A
| length_km = 72.4
| direction_a = West
| direction_b = East
| terminus_a = [[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh|Puttur]]
| terminus_b = Janappachataram
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 16
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 716 
| next_route = 16 
| states = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 716A''', commonly referred to as '''NH 716A''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/180664.pdf|title=New national highways declaration notification|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> NH-716A traverses the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>

== Route ==
;Andhra Pradesh
[[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh|Puttur]], [[Narayana Vanam]], [[Thumburu]], Koppedu, Harijan, Vada, Ramagiri, Krishnapuram, Vinobhanagar, Nagalapuram.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

;Tamil Nadu
Uthukkottai - Tamil Nadu border, A.P. border - Tharachi, Palavakkam, Thumbakkam, Periyapalam, Kannigaipair, [[Janappachataram]].

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|716|country=IND}} Terminal near Puttur.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|16|country=IND}} Terminal near Janappachataram.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11559765 NH 716A on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH16 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:National highways in Tamil Nadu]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Maharani Ajabde Punwar

2025-02-21T21:17:24Z

Bsdmission: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Maharana Pratap]]

Raymuni Bhagat

2025-01-26T20:46:35Z

Bsdmission: created a data basic info - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office = Member of the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Jashpur Assembly constituency]]
| term_start = 2023
| predecessor = [[Vinay Kumar Bhagat]]
| term_end =
| successor =
| party =
| birth_place =
}}
'''Raymuni Bhagat''' is an Indian politician from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. In the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], she was elected from the [[Jashpur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raymuni Bhagat, BJP Candidate from Jashpur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/chhattisgarh/raymuni-bhagat-s26aed2008a012e2023c002/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2024, local Christians formed a human chain in protest of remarks she allegedly made.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2024 |title=Christians form 130 km long human chain, seek action against Chhattisgarh BJP MLA for remarks |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/christians-form-130-km-long-human-chain-seek-action-against-chhattisgarh-bjp-mla-for-remarks/cid/2052923 |website=Indian Telegraph}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==

* [[6th Chhattisgarh Assembly]]
{{Chhattisgarh-politician-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhagat, Raymuni}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Indian women in politics]]

Nicholas Cook

2025-01-02T10:39:34Z

Bsdmission: made the stub w/ sources.

{{short description|British musicologist and writer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{other people|Nick Cook}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
'''Nicholas Cook''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|commas=on|FBA|size=100%}} (born 5 June 1950<ref>COOK, Prof. Nicholas (John)’, Who's Who 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2011; online edn, Nov 2011 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U42121, accessed 9 April 2012]</ref>) is a British [[musicologist]] and writer born in Athens, Greece. From 2009 to 2017 he was the [[1684 Professor of Music]] at the [[University of Cambridge]], where he is a Fellow of [[Darwin College, Cambridge|Darwin College]]. Previously he was professorial research fellow at [[Royal Holloway, University of London]], where he directed the [[Arts and Humanities Research Council]] Research Centre for the History and Analysis of Recorded Music (CHARM). He has also taught at the [[University of Hong Kong]], [[University of Sydney]], and [[University of Southampton]], where he was dean of arts.

He is a former editor of the ''Journal of the [[Royal Musical Association]]'' and was elected a Fellow of the [[British Academy]] in 2001.

==Books==
* (Edited by Patrick N. Juslin & A. Sloboda) ''Handbook of Music and Emotion : Theory, Research, Applications'' – (co-written with Nicola Dibben) ''Chapter 3 : Emotion in culture and history: perspectives from musicology''. Oxford University Press, 2010.
* (Co-edited with Eric Clarke, Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, and John Rink) ''[[Cambridge Companions to Music|The Cambridge Companion to Recorded Music]]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
* ''The Schenker Project: Culture, Race, and Music Theory in Fin-de-siècle Vienna''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
* ''Music, Performance, Meaning: Selected Essays''. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.
* (Co-edited with Anthony Pople) ''The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
* (Co-edited with Eric Clarke) ''Empirical Musicology: Aims, Methods, Prospects''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
* (Co-edited with Mark Everist) ''Rethinking Music''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
* ''Music: A Very Short Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
* ''Analysing Musical Multimedia''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
* ''Beethoven: Symphony No. 9''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
* ''Music, Imagination, and Culture''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
* ''Musical Analysis and the Listener''. New York: Garland, 1989.
* ''A Guide to Musical Analysis''. London: Dent, 1987.

==References==
<references></references>

==External links==
*[http://www.mus.cam.ac.uk/directory/nicholas-cook Biography (includes list of publications)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before= [[Roger Parker]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Professor of Music (Cambridge)|1684 Professor of Music]] [[University of Cambridge]] |years= 2009 to 2017}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Katharine Ellis]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cook, Nicholas}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British musicologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Members of the University of Cambridge Faculty of Music]]
[[Category:Fellows of Darwin College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Sydney]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Southampton]]
[[Category:Professors of Music (Cambridge)]]

{{UK-music-bio-stub}}

Nadikudi–Srikalahasti section

2024-12-13T16:12:23Z

Bsdmission:

{{Short description|Indian railway section}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Nadikudi–Srikalahasti section
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Nadikudi-srikalahasti route details.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Nadikudi-srikalahasti route details
| type =
| system =
| status = Under construction
| locale = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Nadikudi}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Srikalahasti}}
| stations =
| routes =
| open =
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength ={{Convert|308|km|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| minradius =
| electrification = Ongoing
| speed = 130 km/h
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Nadikudi–Srikalahasti section}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Nadikudi–Srikalahasti section''' is an ongoing railway section project of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref name="project">{{cite web |title=Surveys |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1438144370646-Annexure-1.pdf |website=South Central Railway, Indian Railways |access-date=3 May 2019 |page=14 |date=24 July 2015}}</ref> The section falls under the administration of [[Guntur railway division|Guntur]] of [[South Central Railway Zone]]. This serves as an alternative route to Vijayawada-Chennai and Tirupati-Secundrabad.

== The project ==

The project was sanctioned in the year 2010–11.<ref name="project" /> It connects [[Pagidipalli–Nallapadu section|Secunderabad–Guntur branch line]] at {{stnlnk|Piduguralla}} of [[Palnadu district]] and [[Gudur–Katpadi branch line]] at {{stnlnk|Venkatagiri}} of [[Tirupati district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nadikudi-Srikalahasti Rail Line |url=http://www.railnews.in/nadikudi-srikalahasti-new-rail-line-a-key-link-between-cities-of-guntur-and-tirupati-in-ap/ |website=Railnews |publisher=South Central Railway |access-date=24 April 2019 |location=Amaravati |date=19 December 2018}}</ref> The total length of the section is {{Convert|308|km|mi|abbr=on}} estimated cost of the project is {{INRConvert|2452|c||m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/pm-narendra-modi-reviews-railway-projects-in-andhra-pradesh-1211256|title=PM Narendra Modi Reviews Railway Projects in Andhra Pradesh|publisher=NDTV|access-date=2016-05-24}}</ref> The railway stations of which lies between the nodal stations are [[Nekarikallu]], [[Rompicherla, Guntur district|Rompicherla]], {{stnlnk|Vinukonda}}, [[Gundlakamma]], [[Darsi]], [[Podili]], [[Kanigiri]], [[Pamuru]], Vinjamuru, Atmakuru, [[Rapur]] and {{stnlnk|Venkatagiri}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nadikudi-srikalahasti-line-to-ensure-better-connectivity/article7859619.ece|title=Nadikudi – Srikalahasti line to ensure better connectivity|date=2015-11-09|newspaper=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-05-24}}</ref>

== Phase-1 ==
Nadikudi (Guntur–Hyderabad route) to Savalyapuram (Guntur–Guntakal route) track, trial run completed. Electrification proposals for the completed route are sent to Higher authorities. By the end of 2018, this new route will be added to Guntur–Guntakal route.
DRM Guntur says that the project deadline is 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/scr-gm-and-government-officials-review-rail-projects/article24437475.ece|title=SCR GM and government officials review rail projects|newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 July 2018 |access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref> At Rapur railway station (junction) both Nadikudi–Srikalahasti and Krishnapatnam–Obulavaripalle railway line cross each other.

== Proposed list of stations ==
It starts from Nadikudi railway Junction in Secunderabad–Guntur lane and passes through Piduguralla and from there new line starts with Nekarikallu, Rompicherla and connects with the Guntur–Guntakal section at Savalyapuram and passes through Vinukonda and again enters new line from Gundlakamma which passes through Darsi, Podili, Kanigiri, Pamuru, Vinjamuru, Dubagunta, Atmakuru, Obulayapalle, Rapuru and finally connects Venkatagiri at Gudur–Renigunta section.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadikudi-Srikalahasti section}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Guntur railway division]]
[[Category:Vijayawada railway division]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Proposed railway lines in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh]]

Subhavartha

2024-09-01T06:41:34Z

Bsdmission: update details and updated info

#REDIRECT [[Subhavaartha]]

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