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Usha Parinayam (2024 film)

2026-05-08T03:01:36Z

Bruce06828: post

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by K. Vijaya Bhaskar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}{{Infobox film
| image = Usha Parinayam (2024 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| writer = K. Vijaya Bhaskar
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = K. Vijaya Bhaskar
| starring = {{plain list|
* Sree Kamal
* Tanvi Akaanksha
* [[Surya Srinivas]]
}}
| cinematography = Sathish Muthyala
| editing = M. R. Varma
| music = RR Dhruvan
| studio = Vijaya Bhaskar Kraft
| released = {{Film date|2024|8|2|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Usha Parinayam''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written, produced and directed by [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]]. The film features Sree Kamal, Tanvi Akaansha and [[Surya Srinivas]] in lead roles roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=26 July 2024 |title=Usha Parinayam makers complete censorship formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/26/usha-parinayam-makers-complete-censorship-formalities |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Bhavana |date=24 April 2024 |title=Seerat Kapoor's Special Mass Number in Usha Parinayam |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/seerat-kapoors-special-mass-number-in-usha-parinayam-890908 |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> Actor Sree Kamal is the son of director [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]].

The film was released on 2 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Hari Prasad |title=New Movie Releases: సినిమా లవర్స్‌కు ఈ వీకెండ్ పండగే.. ఈ వారం థియేటర్లలో రిలీజ్ అవుతున్న డజను సినిమాలు ఇవే |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-movie-releases-this-week-9-moives-releasing-in-theatres-shivam-bhaje-buddy-tiragabadara-saami-usha-parinayam-toofan-121722396190304.html |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=November 2024}}

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* Sree Kamal as Hanumantha Rao "Honey"
* Tanvi Akaanksha as Usha
* [[Surya Srinivas]] as Anand
* [[Sivaji Raja]] as Honey's father
* [[Aamani]] as Honey's mother
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Don Bosco
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Detective Appadala Anvesh
* Ravi Siva Teja Paila as Prasad, Honey’s bestfriend
* [[Chakrapani Ananda]] as Usha's father
* [[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]] as Usha’s grandmother
* [[Rajitha]] as Usha's mother
* Balakrishna as Anand’s father
* Madhumani as Anand's mother
* Phani as Nagaraju, Anand’s uncle
* Mirchi Kiran as Honey’s boss
* Kirrak Seetha as Julie, Honey’s colleague
* Swapnika as Sannajaaji, Honey’s colleague
* [[Seerat Kapoor]] in a special appearance in the [[item number]] "Ghallu Ghallu"
}}

== Production ==
Filming began in November 2023 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=K Vijaya Bhaskar Starts Shooting For His Upcoming Directorial Usha Parinayam |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/k-vijaya-bhaskar-starts-shooting-for-his-upcoming-directorial-usha-parinayam-8676269.html |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The background score and soundtrack is composed by RR Dhruvan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=15 June 2024 |title='Eduruga Nuvvunte' from Usha Parinayam is a soft romantic number |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/15/eduruga-nuvvunte-from-usha-parinayam-is-a-soft-romantic-number |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = RR Dhruvan
| title1 = Usha
| length1 = 4:11
| lyrics1 = Alaraju
| extra1 = RR Dhruvan
| title2 = Love Is Beautiful
| length2 = 3:05
| lyrics2 = Raghuram
| extra2 = RR Dhruvan, Aditi Bhavaraju
| title3 = Nuvvule Nuvvule
| length3 = 3:05
| lyrics3 = Raghuram
| extra3 = RR Dhruvan, Aditi Bhavaraju
| title4 = Edhuruga Nuvvunte (Female)
| length4 = 2:30
| lyrics4 = Raghuram
| extra4 = Aditi Bhavaraju
| title5 = Ghallu Ghallu
| length5 = 3:30
| lyrics5 = Suresh Banisetti
| extra5 = Lipsika, RR Dhruvan
| title6 = Edhuruga Nuvvunte (Male)
| length6 = 2:33
| lyrics6 = Raghuram
| extra6 = RR Dhruvan
}}

== Release ==
''Usha Parinayam'' was released on 2 August 2024.{{cn|date=November 2024}} Post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[ETV Win]] and premiered on 14 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=11 November 2024 |title=Usha Parinayam gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/11/usha-parinayam-gets-ott-release-date |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Usha Parinayam OTT release date: When and where to watch the K Vijaya Bhaskar directorial |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/usha-parinayam-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-the-k-vijaya-bhaskar-film/af50bfacc2736 |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Namasthe Telangana]]'' noted “Vijaybhaskar's Usha Parinayam is a good choice for this weekend if you want to have fun and laugh for a while without any expectations.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=telugu |first=NT News |date=2 August 2024 |title=Usha Parinayam {{!}} ఉషా పరిణయం రివ్యూ: పబ్లిక్‌ టాక్‌ |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/usha-parinayam-movie-review-public-talk-1679143 |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=www.ntnews.com |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|30217930}}
{{K. Vijaya Bhaskar}}
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]

Purna Chandra Sethy

2026-05-07T19:06:16Z

Bruce06828: added first stub from scratch...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Purna Chandra Sethy
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Suryamani Baidya
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician, social worker
}}

'''Purna Chandra Sethy''' is an Indian politician and social worker from Odisha. He serves as a member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{cite web |title=Purna Chandra Sethy Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=352 |website=MyNeta |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sethy was born into a financially poor family in Odisha. During his early years, he worked to support his education and family expenses. According to local accounts, he carried out small jobs while continuing his studies. Before entering active politics, he was associated with the Human Resources division of [[National Aluminium Company|NALCO]].

== Social work ==
Sethy has participated in social and community welfare activities, particularly in rural areas of Odisha. He has been associated with initiatives related to public welfare, support for economically weaker communities and village-level social activities. He is also known locally for maintaining a simple lifestyle and close interaction with ordinary citizens.

== Political career ==
Sethy was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote]] in the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election as a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Khalikote Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/khalikote-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916521.html |website=News18 |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>

His election affidavit, publicly available through MyNeta, includes disclosures relating to his assets, liabilities and educational background, as required for election candidates in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Purna Chandra Sethy Candidate Details |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=352 |website=MyNeta |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Early life ==
Sethy was born into a financially poor family in Odisha. During his early years, he worked to support his education and family expenses. Before entering active politics, he was associated with the Human Resources division of [[National Aluminium Company|NALCO]].

== Social work ==
Sethy has participated in social and community welfare activities, especially in rural areas. He is known locally for maintaining a simple lifestyle and supporting economically weaker sections of society.

== Political career ==
Sethy was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote]] in the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election as a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Khalikote Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/khalikote-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916521.html |website=News18 |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethy, Purna Chandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Erode West Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T16:48:51Z

Bruce06828: added

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 99
| map_image = Constitution-Erode (West).svg
| district = [[Erode district|Erode]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency|Erode]]
| established = 2008
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[S. Muthusamy]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| name = Erode (West)
| electors = 250,177
| reservation =
}}

'''Erode West''' or 'Erode (West)' is a state assembly constituency of [[Erode]] city in [[Erode district]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 99. It consists of portions of the [[Perundurai taluk|Perundurai]] and [[Erode taluk]]s. It is included in [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-10
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2009-02-06
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&%20Order%20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 28 January 2017}}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

This constituency was newly formed, in the year of 2008, by dividing the integrated Erode Assembly Constituency. Erode West was one of 17 assembly constituencies to have [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] facility with EVMs in [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ec-to-tighten-grip-on-cash-for-votes/article8225776.ece|title=EC to tighten grip on cash for votes|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Boundaries==
It covers the western part of Erode City Corporation to the [[Perundurai Assembly constituency]] limit on the west and [[Modakkurichi Assembly constituency]] limit on the south; a part of the city is also covered by these two constituencies. [[Bhavani Assembly constituency]] also covers some part of the city in the north.

==Demographics==
Gender demographic of Erode West as of 11.02.2021,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patrikai.com/816-more-the-increase-in-the-number-of-voters-in-erode-east-constituency-now-compared-january-2023-voter-list/|title=Patrikai.com 11.02.2021 Voters Count}}</ref> taken during the State General election in 2021:
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Female
!Male
!Transgender
!Total
|-
|2023
|1,42,913
| 1,48,373
|30
|2,91,316
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
Elected members from this constituency are as follows:

{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
!
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| 2011
|
| rowspan="2" |[[K. V. Ramalingam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 2016
|
|-
| 2021
|
| [[S. Muthusamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|2026
|
|K. K. Anand Mohan
|
|[[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|Tamilaga vettri kazhagam]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.49}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.46}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.29}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Erode (West)}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Muthusamy]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=74,586|percentage=33.69%|change=-15.8%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Yuvaraja|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=38,185|percentage=17.25%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Vijay|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=8,124|percentage=3.67%|change=}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. K. Ananth Moghan|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=96,836|percentage=43.74%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=1,257|percentage=0.57%|change=-0.40%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,250 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,21,400|percentage=90.1%|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,45,493|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Erode (West)]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Muthusamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,00,757 |percentage=49.49% |change=8.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Ramalingam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=78,668 |percentage=38.64% |change=-4.82% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandra Kumar P |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=13,353 |percentage=6.56% |change=5.27% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Durai Sevugan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=8,107 |percentage=3.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,968 |percentage=0.97% |change=-0.83% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,089 |percentage=10.85% |change=8.26% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,03,611 |percentage=69.48% |change= -4.43% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=490 |percentage=0.24% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,93,058 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.03% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Erode (West)]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Ramalingam K. V. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=82,297 |percentage=43.46% |change=-15.83% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Muthusamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=77,391 |percentage=40.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Easwara Murthy M |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=7,477 |percentage=3.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugan N |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,624 |percentage=3.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanisamy N. P. |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,177 |percentage=2.21% |change=-0.09% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,403 |percentage=1.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Arumugam P V |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=3,000 |percentage=1.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jothivel T |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,448 |percentage=1.29% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,906 |percentage=2.59% |change=-22.14% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,89,367 |percentage=73.91% |change= -5.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,56,208 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -15.83% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Erode (West)]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Ramalingam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=90,789 |percentage=59.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Yuvaraja M |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,921 |percentage=34.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanisamy N. P |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,516 |percentage=2.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Venkatachalam K |party=Independent politician |votes=1,371 |percentage=0.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Tamilarasu M |party=Independent politician |votes=1,183 |percentage=0.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nagarajan V. P |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,012 |percentage=0.66% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=37,868 |percentage=24.73% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,93,170 |percentage=79.27% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,53,133 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11.330|77.659|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Erode]]
[[Category:Erode district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Satuaan

2026-05-05T20:42:52Z

Bruce06828: stub

{{Short description|Festival of Bhojpuri region}}

'''Satuaan''' or '''Satuaani''' ([[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]''': 𑂮𑂞𑂳𑂄𑂢''') is an annual [[harvest festival]] of [[Bhojpuri people]] celebrated in the month of [[Chaitra|Chaita]] of the Hindu calendar. It usually comes on 14 April of the [[Gregorian calendar]]. People eat Satua, a whole grain flour of several cereals, with pickles and salad to celebrate the festival. People eat this after taking baths in nearby ponds and rivers, and say thanks to mother nature for providing life.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Saran |first1=Anirudha Behari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XimO39s7_gC&dq=satuan+festival&pg=PA63 |title=Sun Worship in India: A Study of Deo Sun-Shrine |last2=Pandey |first2=Gaya |date=1992 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-030-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-14 |title=Satuan 2025: सतुआन आज, मांगलिक कार्यों की होगी शुरुआत, जानें पर्व का महत्व |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/religion/satuan-2025-today-know-why-do-sattu-eat-satuan-in-hindi-why-is-the-festival-of-satuani-celebrated |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=सतुआन 2025: गर्मियों का स्वागत करने वाला पर्व, सत्तू छाछ बना मुख्य आकर्षण |url=https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/life-ok/satuan-2025-festival-welcoming-summer-sattu-buttermilk-becomes-main-attraction/261680/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=www.navodayatimes.in |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-14 |title=Satuani celebrated with traditional fervour in state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/satuani-celebrated-with-traditional-fervour-in-state/articleshow/120285161.cms |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{India-stub}}

{{Improve categories|date=December 2025}}

[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]

Premalu

2026-05-04T15:38:04Z

Bruce06828: added new post needs work...

{{other uses|Prema (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Premalu film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Girish A. D.]]
| writer = {{ubl | Girish A. D. | Kiran Josey}}
| producer = {{ubl|[[Fahadh Faasil]]|[[Dileesh Pothan]]|[[Syam Pushkaran]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Naslen]]|[[Mamitha Baiju]]}}
| cinematography = Ajmal Sabu
| editing = Akash Joseph Varghese
| music = [[Vishnu Vijay]] [[M. M. Keeravani]] ({{abbr|unc.|uncredited}}, 1 song)
| studio = {{ubl
| Bhavana Studios
| [[Fahadh Faasil|Fahadh Faasil and Friends]]
| [[Working Class Hero (Film Production Company)|Working Class Hero]]
}}
| distributor = {{ubl
| Bhavana Release
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|09}}
| country = India
| runtime = 156 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-12 |title=Premalu Movie Review: Nelson, Mamitha Baiju Starrer Is A Rollercoaster Of Love, Laughter, And Surprises |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/premalu-movie-review-girish-a-ds-directorial-is-a-rollercoaster-of-love-laughter-and-surprises-review-108860342 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414234134/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/premalu-movie-review-girish-a-ds-directorial-is-a-rollercoaster-of-love-laughter-and-surprises-review-108860342 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2024-02-09 |title='Premalu' movie review: Girish AD's youthful drama is a winner with its fresh, humorous treatment of a run-of-the-mill story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/premalu-movie-review-girish-ads-youthful-drama-is-a-winner-with-its-fresh-humorous-treatment-of-a-run-of-the-mill-story/article67828852.ece |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211231545/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/premalu-movie-review-girish-ads-youthful-drama-is-a-winner-with-its-fresh-humorous-treatment-of-a-run-of-the-mill-story/article67828852.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR|3 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Premalu Becomes Fifth Malayalam Film To Enter Rs 100 Crore Club |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/premalu-becomes-fifth-malayalam-film-to-enter-rs-100-crore-club-8814030.html |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421172409/https://www.news18.com/movies/premalu-becomes-fifth-malayalam-film-to-enter-rs-100-crore-club-8814030.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's most profitable film of 2024 earned 45x its budget, ₹3 crore movie with no stars beat Pushpa 2, Kalki, Stree 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/indias-most-profitable-film-of-2024-premalu-box-office-45x-its-budget-3-crore-beat-pushpa-2-kalki-2898-ad-stree-2-101735886029776.html |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 January 2025 }}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|136.25 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Year Ender 2024: Top 10 highest-grossing Mollywood movies at worldwide box office; Manjummel Boys emerges victorious|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-ender-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-mollywood-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-1362638|date=2025-01-01|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Premalu''''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]] word; {{Translation|The Loves}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[romantic comedy film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathi |first=Aditi |date=2024-03-28 |title=Malayalam Rom-Coms Like Premalu |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/indian/news/1620105-malayalam-rom-coms-like-premalu |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521092559/https://www.comingsoon.net/indian/news/1620105-malayalam-rom-coms-like-premalu |url-status=live }}</ref> directed by [[Girish A. D.]] and produced by Bhavana Studios, [[Fahadh Faasil|Fahadh Faasil and Friends]], and [[Working Class Hero (Film Production Company)|Working Class Hero]]. The film stars [[Naslen]] and [[Mamitha Baiju]], alongside [[Sangeeth Prathap]], [[Akhila Bhargavan]], [[Shyam Mohan]], Meenakshi Raveendran, [[Mathew Thomas]] and [[Althaf Salim]]. In the film, Sachin Santhosh, a graduate from [[Kerala]], plans to move to [[United Kingdom|UK]] but instead goes to [[Hyderabad]] to take a [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering|GATE]] course, where he meets and falls in love with Reenu Roy, an [[Information technology|IT]] company employee.

The film was officially announced in July 2023 under the tentative title ''Production No. 5'' as it is the fifth production for Bhavana Studios and the official title was announced in December 2023. [[Principal photography]] commenced the same month in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. It was shot in [[Kochi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Pollachi]] and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by mid-September 2023. The music was composed by [[Vishnu Vijay]], while cinematography and editing were handled by Ajmal Sabu and Akash Joseph Varghese.

''Premalu'' was released theatrically on February 9, 2024 to critical acclaim from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2024 |title=Telugu Audience Embraces Malayalam Cinema As Premalu And Bramayugam Score Big Numbers |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-audience-embraces-malayalam-cinema-as-premalu-and-bramayugam-score-big-numbers-8787565.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=News 18 |language=en-IN |archive-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221140253/https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-audience-embraces-malayalam-cinema-as-premalu-and-bramayugam-score-big-numbers-8787565.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It ranks as one of the [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films|highest-grossing Malayalam films of all time]] and the [[List of Malayalam films of 2024|fourth highest-grossing Malayalam film of 2024]]. A sequel titled ''Premalu 2'' was in development, but has now been delayed.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=2026-02-03 |title=Most awaited Mollywood sequel 'Premalu 2' dropped; exact reason unknown |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2026/02/03/most-awaited-mollywood-sequel-premalu-2-dropped-exact-reason-unknown.html |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
On the final day of college in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], Sachin Santosh professes his feelings for his classmate Anjali, but she bluntly rejects his proposal. Sachin moves back to his hometown of [[Aluva]], where he deals with his parents' soured relationship and plans to pursue higher education in the UK. However, his visa application is rejected due to shortage of funds, leaving him with another opportunity to apply after six months. Sachin begins helping with his father's bakery business. One day, he meets his childhood friend Amal Davis, who asks him to accompany him for a [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering|GATE course]] in [[Hyderabad]]. Desperate for a change, Sachin agrees and moves to Hyderabad with Amal.

Meanwhile, Reenu Roy, a vivacious young woman from [[Mallapally]], joins the development team of an [[Information technology in India|IT company]] ''Ospyn'' in Hyderabad. Reenu moves in with her friend and colleague Karthika and her friend Niharika. Aadhi, Reenu's arrogant looking and pompous colleague from [[Mumbai]], secretly has a crush on her, but masquerades himself as her "bestie". Sachin and Amal attend the wedding of their professor Shobi, whose bride Shravani is a colleague of Reenu. Sachin is attracted to Reenu from the moment he sees her. Despite engaging in a tiff with Aadhi on their very first meeting, they strike a friendship with Reenu and Karthika. After the wedding, Reenu and Karthika decide to go back to Hyderabad with Sachin and Amal in their [[Mini Hatch|Mini Cooper]] though Aadhi initially disagrees. Sachin, who had planned to quit his course and take up a job in [[Chennai]], decides to stay back for Reenu and persuades Amal to get him a job at his aunt Mary's fast-food restaurant.

Sachin and Amal move into Reenu and Karthika's neighbourhood and invite them over for a party at a pub. At the party, Amal tells Karthika about Sachin's feelings for Reenu, but Karthika dissuades them, saying that Reenu is looking for an accomplished and mature person and that she will definitely reject someone like Sachin, who does not have any concrete plans or career. Sachin decides not to disclose his feelings to Reenu. They continue to become closer after a few events, including a train journey and an excursion in Hyderabad, which angers Aadhi. Sachin ultimately confesses his feelings to Reenu, but she rejects him and inadvertently hurts him by saying that this not his first rejection. A heartbroken Sachin moves to Chennai and takes up odd jobs to make ends meet, while ignoring Reenu's calls and messages. At the same time, Karthika shifts to [[Bangalore]] to marry and be with her fiancé Vikas. Reenu, who feels now alone realises her mistake done to Sachin and begins to understand her true feelings for him and misses him.

After few days, Sachin and Amal attend Karthika's pre-wedding party where they meet Reenu. Sachin pretends to have moved on and tells her about his UK visa approval and his scheduled flight to UK the very next day. Aadhi suddenly confronts Sachin and Amal. Being tipsy and tired of Aadhi's insinuations, Sachin and Amal disparage Aadhi and assert that Reenu will also reject him. Overconfident, Aadhi publicly proposes to Reenu, but she unhesitatingly rejects him, resulting in further taunts from them. A humiliated Aadhi swears vengeance and leaves. Sachin, still detached to Reenu's sincere attempts, passes out drunk at the party with Amal.

The next morning, Sachin and Amal depart for the airport and Reenu joins them. On the way, Aadhi chases them along with few thugs. Amidst the tension, Reenu tells Sachin that she misses him and does not want him to leave. She finally confesses her feelings for Sachin, which makes him happy. Aadhi and the thugs interrupt the moment and begins to beat Sachin and Amal. However, Reenu averts the assault using a [[pepper spray]] that Aadhi himself had given her for self-defense. They escape and arrive at the airport on time. Reenu and Sachin hug and bid farewell to each other and commit to a [[long-distance relationship]].

The movie then cuts to something that happened a couple of months ago. Reenu, Karthika and Niharika are drinking on the rooftop of their shared apartment. Niharika tosses an empty can off the roof, foretelling that Reenu will marry whoever the can lands on. Hearing an old man curse in anger, they flee. However, the can is shown to have actually fallen on a drunk Sachin, who along with Amal, staggers off, kicking the can.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Naslen]] as Sachin Santhosh
* [[Mamitha Baiju]] as Reenu Roy, Sachin's love interest
* [[Sangeeth Prathap]] as Amal Davis, Sachin's best friend
* [[Akhila Bhargavan]] as Karthika, Reenu's best friend
* [[Shyam Mohan]] as Adithyan R Krishnan (Aadhi), Reenu's officemate and bestie
* Meenakshi Raveendran as Niharika a.k.a. "Wanderlust", Karthika's roommate
* [[Althaf Salim]] as Shobhi Sir, Tutor of Sachin in GATE Coaching Centre
* Shameer Khan as Subin
* George Wincent as Vaisakh Murali
* Ranjith Narayan Kurup as Thomas' manager
* K.S. Prasad as Sachin's father
* Priya Sreejith as Beena Teacher, Sachin's mother
* Gopu Kesav as Reenu's father
* Ranjini George as Reenu's mother
* Suparna S as Anjali, Sachin's ex-love interest
* Ayana Babu as Savitha Santhosh, Sachin's sister
* Dileep Mohan as Jain, Sachin's friend
* [[Mathew Thomas]] as Thomas, Amal's cousin (extended cameo appearance)
* [[Syam Pushkaran]] as Pambavasan, Aadhi's friend and aid (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
On 4 July 2023, [[Girish A. D.]] announced that he would collaborate with [[Naslen]] and [[Mamitha Baiju]] for his directorial after ''[[I Am Kathalan]]'', which also features Naslen in the lead role, making his third collaboration with the actor. [[Tentatively titled]] ''Production No. 5'', the project would mark as the fifth production for Bhavana Studios; they would fund it in association with [[Fahadh Faasil|Fahadh Faasil and Friends]] and [[Working Class Hero (Film Production Company)|Working Class Hero]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-04 |title=Girish AD's next is a rom-com starring Naslen and Mamitha Baiju |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/girish-ads-next-is-a-rom-com-starring-naslen-and-mamitha-baiju/articleshow/101492306.cms?_gl=1*1dxy704*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTI5MDYuNjAuMC4w#_ga=2.65245870.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521092533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/girish-ads-next-is-a-rom-com-starring-naslen-and-mamitha-baiju/articleshow/101492306.cms?_gl=1%2A1dxy704%2A_ga%2ATFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..%2A_ga_FCN624MN68%2AMTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTI5MDYuNjAuMC4w#_ga=2.65245870.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's official title, ''Premalu'', was announced on 1 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-01 |title=Naslen-Mamitha Baiju's rom-com titled 'Premalu', first look out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/naslen-mamitha-baijus-rom-com-titled-premalu-first-look-out/articleshow/105647639.cms?_gl=1*apb5sw*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTM5MDYuNTcuMC4w#_ga=2.191410858.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421172413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/naslen-mamitha-baijus-rom-com-titled-premalu-first-look-out/articleshow/105647639.cms?_gl=1*apb5sw*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTM5MDYuNTcuMC4w#_ga=2.191410858.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began with the first schedule on 9 July 2023 with an inaugural [[Muhurat shot|puja]] ceremony at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in [[Kerala]]. The project was expected to be shot with a span of 75-days across [[Kochi]], [[Hyderabad]], and [[Pollachi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-09 |title=Girish AD's next with Naslen and Mamitha Baiju starts rolling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/girish-ads-next-with-naslen-and-mamitha-baiju-starts-rolling/articleshow/101610271.cms?_gl=1*1vaz62r*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTMzMzkuNjAuMC4w#_ga=2.232371103.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421172413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/girish-ads-next-with-naslen-and-mamitha-baiju-starts-rolling/articleshow/101610271.cms?_gl=1*1vaz62r*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTMzMzkuNjAuMC4w#_ga=2.232371103.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |url-status=live }}</ref> Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by 15 September.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-15 |title=It's a wrap for Nasleen and Mamitha Baiju's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-nasleen-and-mamitha-baijus-film/articleshow/103663418.cms?_gl=1*1p1z221*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTM3NDUuNTguMC4w#_ga=2.254345096.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421172407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-nasleen-and-mamitha-baijus-film/articleshow/103663418.cms?_gl=1*1p1z221*_ga*TFFOWE1oaks4ZDg0eTRfWXNXSk9WQjlwSS04NnZBZHBGalNyLUVCYkw4S3hNejV5X3JPX1Rua04zREVHUGdJWA..*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMjk1MjgxMi44OC4xLjE3MTI5NTM3NDUuNTguMC4w#_ga=2.254345096.1033083985.1712871819-LQNXMhjK8d84y4_YsWJOVB9pI-86vAdpFjSr-EBbL8KxMz5y_rO_TnkN3DEGPgIX |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Premalu (soundtrack)}}

The film's musical score and songs are composed by [[Vishnu Vijay]]. The track "Ya Ya Ya Yadava" by [[K. S. Chithra]] and [[P. Unnikrishnan]] from the 1996 film ''[[Devaraagam]]'', which was originally composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]], was reused in the film to subsequently become a rage upon the film's release. Veteran [[K. G. Markose]] rendered a song titled "Telangana Bommalu" after a brief hiatus from films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-08 |title=KG Markose lends his voice to the 'Telangana Bommalu' song from 'Premalu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kg-markose-lends-his-voice-to-telangana-bommalu-song-in-premalu/articleshow/107529355.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227210923/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kg-markose-lends-his-voice-to-telangana-bommalu-song-in-premalu/articleshow/107529355.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Release ==
===Theatrical===
''Premalu'' was theatrically released on 9 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-02-02 |title=Girish AD's 'Premalu' confirms Feb 9 release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Feb/02/girish-ads-premalu-confirms-feb-9-release |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205053214/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Feb/02/girish-ads-premalu-confirms-feb-9-release |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Telugu language|Telugu]] dubbed version was released on 8 March and a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] dub followed a week later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=S.S. Karthikeya To Distribute Telugu Version Of Premalu In Theatres; Know Release Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/s-s-karthikeya-to-distribute-telugu-version-of-premalu-in-theatres-know-release-date-8799525.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=[[News18]] |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303125024/https://www.news18.com/movies/s-s-karthikeya-to-distribute-telugu-version-of-premalu-in-theatres-know-release-date-8799525.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was released by Bhavana Release in Kerala. Overseas rights acquired by Phars Film Co and [[Yash Raj Films]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2024|title=Premalu: The Rom-Com of The Year Goes Overseas|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/premalu-the-rom-com-of-the-year-goes-overseas|website=[[Film Companion]]|access-date=30 March 2024|archive-date=30 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330161634/https://www.filmcompanion.in/amp/story/news/premalu-the-rom-com-of-the-year-goes-overseas|url-status=live}}</ref> It was distributed across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana by [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]], [[Annapurna Studios]] and Showing Business.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 February 2024|title=SS Karthikeya to distribute 'Premalu' in Telugu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2024/Feb/29/ss-karthikeya-to-distribute-premalu-in-telugu|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=30 March 2024|archive-date=30 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330161634/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2024/Feb/29/ss-karthikeya-to-distribute-premalu-in-telugu|url-status=live}}</ref> In Tamil Nadu, the distribution rights were acquired by [[Red Giant Movies]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2024|title=Udhayanidhi Stalin's Red Giant Movies Acquires Tamil Distribution Rights Of Premalu|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/udhayanidhi-stalins-red-giant-movies-acquires-tamil-distribution-rights-of-premalu-8815274.html#google_vignette|website=[[News18]]|access-date=30 March 2024|archive-date=30 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330161634/https://www.news18.com/movies/udhayanidhi-stalins-red-giant-movies-acquires-tamil-distribution-rights-of-premalu-8815274.html#google_vignette|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Home media===
The [[Streaming media|digital streaming rights]] were acquired by [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and the satellite rights were acquired by [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] for Malayalam and by [[Star Network]] for other languages. The film had its digital premiere on the streaming platform from 12 April 2024.{{cn|date=January 2025}} That same day, the Telugu dub premiered on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]. ''Premalu'' is also available to stream in Tamil and [[Hindi-language|Hindi]] on Disney+ Hotstar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 April 2024|title=Premalu OTT: ఓటీటీలోకి మలయాళ బ్లాక్ బస్టర్ ప్రేమలు.. తెలుగు వెర్షన్ ఏ ఓటీటీలో చూడొచ్చంటే?|url=https://www.telugu.hindustantimes.com/amp/entertainment/premalu-movie-ott-streaming-telugu-version-on-aha-official-announcement-malayalam-movie-premalu-ott-digital-premiere-121712465579403.html|website=[[Hindustan Times|Hindustan Times Telugu]]|access-date=8 April 2024|archive-date=19 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419071725/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/amp/entertainment/premalu-movie-ott-streaming-telugu-version-on-aha-official-announcement-malayalam-movie-premalu-ott-digital-premiere-121712465579403.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Reception ==
===Critical response===
''Premalu'' received positive reviews from critics.

Nikhil Sebastian of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "Premalu undoubtedly marks Girish AD's finest work since ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]''. If you're looking to escape from the stresses of life for two and a half hours and immerse yourself in laughter and enjoyment, then look no further—booking a ticket for Premalu is the perfect choice".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/premalu-movie-review-girish-ads-latest-gen-z-romantic-comedy-is-hilariously-relatable-and-aims-as-a-potential-blockbuster-1277599 | title=Premalu Movie Review: Girish AD's latest Gen Z romantic comedy is hilariously relatable and aims as a potential blockbuster | date=10 February 2024 | access-date=10 February 2024 | archive-date=10 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210065144/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/premalu-movie-review-girish-ads-latest-gen-z-romantic-comedy-is-hilariously-relatable-and-aims-as-a-potential-blockbuster-1277599 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Similar to Girish AD's ''Thanneer Mathan Dinangal'' and ''Super Sharanya'', this Naslen, Mamitha Baiju-starrer too effectively employs situational and observational comedy. Yet, Girish ensures that Premalu stands apart from his previous works."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/premalu-movie-review-rating-naslen-mamitha-baiju-charming-love-story-full-of-delightful-moments-9153471/|title=Premalu movie review: Naslen, Mamitha Baiju are cute as a button in this charming love story full of delightful moments|date=10 February 2024|website=The Indian Express|access-date=10 February 2024 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213065013/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/premalu-movie-review-rating-naslen-mamitha-baiju-charming-love-story-full-of-delightful-moments-9153471/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gayathri Krishna of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Naslen and Mamitha Baiju-starrer Premalu serves as a decent romantic comedy, which makes it watchable again, much like Girish AD's earlier films".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/premalu-review-naslens-premalu-is-a-decent-romantic-drama-enhanced-by-its-impromptu-humour/54c1208204115 |title=Premalu Review: Naslen's Premalu is a decent romantic drama enhanced by its impromptu humour |date=10 February 2024 |website=OTT Play |access-date=10 February 2024 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213065013/https://www.ottplay.com/review/premalu-review-naslens-premalu-is-a-decent-romantic-drama-enhanced-by-its-impromptu-humour/54c1208204115 |url-status=live}}</ref>

S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Though Thanneer Mathan.. was quite a winning debut for Girish, Super Sharanya was only half as satisfying. He has upped the game in his third outing, as Premalu is a winner with its fresh, humorous treatment of a run-of-the-mill story."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/premalu-movie-review-girish-ads-youthful-drama-is-a-winner-with-its-fresh-humorous-treatment-of-a-run-of-the-mill-story/article67828852.ece|title='Premalu' movie review: Girish AD's youthful drama is a winner with its fresh, humorous treatment of a run-of-the-mill story|date=10 February 2024 |website=The Hindu|access-date=10 February 2024 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213065013/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/premalu-movie-review-girish-ads-youthful-drama-is-a-winner-with-its-fresh-humorous-treatment-of-a-run-of-the-mill-story/article67828852.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Aswin Devan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "The distinctive style we have seen in Girish's previous films like ''Thanneermathan Dinangal'' and ''Super Sharanya'', is all the more pronounced in ''Premalu''".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devan |first=Aswin |date=2024-02-10 |title='Premalu' movie review: This adorable rom-com hits the right spots |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Feb/10/premalu-movie-review-this-adorable-rom-com-hits-the-right-spots |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211025503/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Feb/10/premalu-movie-review-this-adorable-rom-com-hits-the-right-spots |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Box office===
''Premalu'' has grossed over {{INR}}93.65 crore in India (₹62.75 crore from Kerala) and a further {{INR}}42.25 crore overseas, for a worldwide total of {{INR}}136.25 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-01 |title=Year Ender 2024: Top 10 highest-grossing Mollywood movies at worldwide box office; Manjummel Boys emerges victorious |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-ender-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-mollywood-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-1362638 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> The film collected {{INR}}62.75 crore from the home state of Kerala and is among [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films#Highest-grossing films by market|highest-grossing film at the Kerala boxoffice]].<ref name="keralabo22">{{Cite web |last=nithya |title=ഒന്നാമന് 79 കോടി, 10ൽ തൃപ്തിപ്പെട്ട് വാലിബൻ; ടർബോയ്ക്ക് മുന്നിൽ 6 സിനിമകൾ, കേരളത്തിൽ പണം വാരി ആ ഹോളിവുഡ് പടവും |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/2024-top-20-kerala-grossers-aadujeevitham-aavesham-guruvayoorambala-nadayil-turbo-seia6a |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref> ''Premalu'' also secured a spot in the top 10 list of highest grossing Malayalam films in the overseas market, Rest of India and worldwide.

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s)
|-
|2024
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]]
|[[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Dileesh Pothan]], [[Syam Pushkaran]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-03 |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2025 winners Live Updates: Mammootty, Shamla Hamza win top honours; Manjummel Boys named Best Film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-state-film-awards-2025-winners-announcement-live-updates-10337046/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Sequel ==
On 19 April 2024, a sequel titled ''Premalu 2'' was announced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Confirmed: Naslen and Mamitha Baiju's Premalu 2 is on the cards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/confirmed-naslen-and-mamitha-baijus-premalu-2-is-on-the-cards-9280200/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419172806/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/confirmed-naslen-and-mamitha-baijus-premalu-2-is-on-the-cards-9280200/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The shooting for the film was scheduled to begin by the mid of June 2025 with the film planned to release during Christmas 2025, but filming was postponed to 2026 and has now been delayed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-18 |title=Premalu 2 will begin by June: Dileesh Pothan|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/18/premalu-2-will-begin-by-june-dileesh-pothan |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> <ref>https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2026/04/19/premalu-2-shelved-dileesh-pothan-movie-mamitha-naslen.html</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|28288786}}
*[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/premalu Rotten Tomatoes]

[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2024 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2020s buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2020s coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Salem]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kollam]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]

Roar of the Lion

2026-05-04T10:05:39Z

Bruce06828: added initial data first draft...

{{short description|2019 Indian web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Roar of the Lion.jpeg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Release Poster
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Docuseries]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = Amardeep Galsin
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Amir Rizvi
| creative_director = Khuzema Haveliwala
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer = Gaurav Godkindhi Vishal J. Singh
| country = India
| language = English
| num_seasons = 1 
| num_episodes = 5
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] Jigar Thakkar
| producer =
| news_editor = 
| location = 
| cinematography = Nikhil Tandon
| editor = Pradeep Singh Negi Vinod Salhotra
| camera = 
| runtime = 
| company = [[MS Dhoni#Dhoni Entertainment|Dhoni Entertainment]] [[Banijay Group|Banijay Asia]]
| network = [[Hotstar]]
| released = {{Start date|2019|03|20|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Roar of the Lion''''' is a 2019 Indian English-language [[Documentary film|documentary]] television series for [[Hotstar]], co-produced by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], written by Amardeep Galsin and directed by Amir Rizvi, starring [[MS Dhoni]], [[Ravindra Jadeja]], [[Suresh Raina]], [[Shane Watson]], [[Dwayne Bravo]] with [[Faf du Plessis]], [[Deepak Chahar]] and [[Ambati Rayudu]] as supporting cast. The series follows the [[Indian Premier League]] team [[Chennai Super Kings]], who returned to the [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 edition]] of the IPL after serving a two-year ban for allegedly being involved in the [[2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case|2013 spot-fixing scandal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kabir-khan-ms-dhoni-roar-of-the-lion-hotstar-56222724/|title=MS Dhoni bared his soul in Roar of the Lion: Kabir Khan|date=2019-03-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ms-dhoni-to-feature-in-hotstar-docu-drama-roar-of-the-lion-5612155/|title=MS Dhoni to feature in Hotstar's docu-drama Roar of the Lion|date=2019-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref>

The documentary series took three months for the completion of the writing, with the series being shot in [[India]] ([[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]], [[Chennai]]) and [[Australia]]. The distribution rights of the documentary were acquired by the digital platform [[Hotstar]], and was eventually released under [[Hotstar Specials]], the original content providing label of the streaming service, and the series is the first one to be released in the label.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-specials-originals-ms-dhoni-remake-the-office-criminal-justice-hostages-city-of-dreams-2004743|title=M.S. Dhoni and The Office Remake Part of Hotstar's First Five Originals|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=8 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref> The series premiered on 20 March 2019 and was dubbed in Tamil and Hindi languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.co/hotstar-to-launch-docudrama-with-dhoni-on-march-20/|title=Roar of the Lion – The untold Dhoni story to come on Hotstar|last=Kansal|first=Sonal|date=2019-03-06|website=InsideSport|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref>

== Background ==
The documentary follows the comeback of the CSK franchise in 2018 after they missed out on playing in the world's richest [[Twenty20|T20]] league, the [[Indian Premier League]], for about two years.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.co/match-fixing-bigger-crime-than-murder-says-dhoni-in-soon-to-be-released-documentary/|title=Dhoni opens up about Spot Fixing scandal|last=PTI|date=2019-03-11|website=InsideSport|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref> The documentary reveals the emotional memories and experiences one of India's most celebrated cricket players, [[MS Dhoni]]. Dhoni had faced serious allegations regarding spot fixing in 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/fans-will-see-very-personal-side-of-ms-dhoni-in-roar-of-the-lion-kabir-khan/326939|title=Fans Will See 'Very Personal' Side Of MS Dhoni In 'Roar Of The Lion': Kabir Khan|website=outlookindia|date=12 March 2019 |access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.com/sports/cricket/roar-of-a-lion-was-ms-dhoni-part-of-the-biggest-crime-that-he-could-commit-346717.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319074931/https://www.in.com/sports/cricket/roar-of-a-lion-was-ms-dhoni-part-of-the-biggest-crime-that-he-could-commit-346717.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-03-19|title=Roar of the Lion: Was MS Dhoni part of the 'biggest crime' that he could commit?|website=in.com}}</ref> and then led Chennai Super Kings to a title at the 2018 IPL tournament after two years of suspension from playing in the IPL. The trailer of the documentary revealed Dhoni speaking about the bad days of the CSK franchise as it was involved in the 2013 spot-fixing controversy along with fellow team [[Rajasthan Royals]].<ref name=":0" />

== Characters ==
* [[MS Dhoni]] as himself.
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]] as himself.
* [[Suresh Raina]] as himself.
* [[Shane Watson]] as himself.
* [[Dwayne Bravo]] as himself.
* [[Faf du Plessis]] as himself.
* [[Deepak Chahar]] as himself.
* [[Ambati Rayudu]] as himself.
* [[Stephen Fleming]] as himself.
* [[Matthew Hayden]] as himself.

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table|background=64544C|overall=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = What Did We Do Wrong
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Amir Rizvi
|WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|03|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It showcases the different chapters that the docudrama will focus on later. It starts with MS Dhoni recalling the spot-fixing controversy in 2013 and likened it to the 2007 World Cup, when India failed to progress from the group stage. MS Dhoni further says that in 2007, the team didn't play well, but in 2013, the scenario was completely different.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = We Are Back
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Amir Rizvi
|WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|03|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = In the episode, MS Dhoni recalls the incident and revealed that he was already emotional before heading to the stage, as he was asked to address the team after a video montage of the franchise and an emotional speech by franchise owner N Srinivasan.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = We Start Our Journey
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Amir Rizvi
|WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|03|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The episode showcases the re-entry game of CSK, which CSK dramatically won, and how CSK had to leave Chennai because of Cauvery issues.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = We Fall. We Rise
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Amir Rizvi
|WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|03|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = In the episode, MS Dhoni admitted that the 'Dad's Army' trolls, who were going viral on social media at the time, were worrying. "At one stage, I started wondering whether these 'Daddy's army' jibes will come back to haunt us." Another segment shows the birth of Whistle Podu Express.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = We Win. We Roar
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Amir Rizvi
|WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|03|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The episode highlights MS Dhoni's cricketing mind. During the segment showcasing a match-winning innings by [[Faf du Plessis]], a member of CSK's social media team recalled what the CSK captain had said about the Proteas batsman in the dressing room a few months before. "As I was watching du Plessis, I was just thinking about the time when Mahi bhai had said that Faf will step up in the toughest of situations."
|LineColor = 64544C
}}}}

== Production ==
On 15 January 2019, the streaming platform [[Hotstar]],<ref name="e4mi2">{{Cite web|title=We are not building Hindi shows but Indian content: Gaurav Banerjee, Star India|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/digital-news/we-are-not-building-hindi-shows-but-indian-content-gaurav-banerjee-star-india-100913.html|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref><ref name="e4m2">{{Cite web|title=Hotstar announces original content under Hotstar Specials; to be out in March|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/hotstar-announces-original-content-under-hotstar-specials-to-be-out-in-march-93987.html|access-date=17 September 2019|website=Exchange4Media}}</ref> announced its foray to original content production exclusively for the service,<ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com">{{Cite web|title=Hotstar Taps 15 Indian Filmmakers for Originals Expansion, Starting March|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-originals-expansion-with-hotstar-specials-launch-march-1977860|access-date=2021-01-21|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=15 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> with [[STAR India]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=James|first=Nandana|title=Star India rolling out next big bet on OTT platform- Hotstar Specials|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/star-india-rolling-out-next-big-bet-on-ott-platform-hotstar-specials/article25994434.ece|access-date=2021-01-21|website=@businessline|date=14 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> the parent company of Hotstar,<ref name="gadgets.ndtv.com"/> tied up with 15 Indian filmmakers for creating the shows for its label called [[Hotstar Specials]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2019-01-14|title=Hotstar adds to streaming drama with originals|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/upheyJzwLPEBLd8Ec4c65O/Hotstar-adds-to-streaming-drama-with-originals.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-15|title=Hotstar Specials: Star India collaborates with Salman Khan, Kabir Khan, among others for new OTT platform |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hotstar-specials-star-india-collaborates-with-salman-khan-kabir-khan-among-others-for-new-ott-platform-5901221.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Firstpost}}</ref> The series is the first one to be released under Hotstar Specials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is 'Roar Of The Lion' Hotstar's way of creating more content around IPL 2019? - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/is-roar-of-the-lion-hotstars-way-of-creating-more-content-around-ipl-2019-95411.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=M.S. Dhoni and The Office Remake Part of Hotstar's First Five Originals|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-specials-originals-ms-dhoni-remake-the-office-criminal-justice-hostages-city-of-dreams-2004743|access-date=2021-01-21|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=8 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Filmmaker [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], who served as the co-producer of the series, revealed that it took about nearly three months to make the documentary. It was his second sports film based on [[cricket]] after ''[[83 (film)|83]]'', which was based on the India's road to glory at the [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983 ICC Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/hotstar-specials-releases-the-trailer-of-ms-dhoni-roar-of-the-lion-33814|title=Hotstar Specials releases the trailer of MS Dhoni's 'Roar Of The Lion'|website=Mumbai Live|date=12 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref> Coincidentally, former Indian captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni made his debut in a digital platform, through this project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.in.com/sports/ms-dhoni-makes-his-digital-debut-with-roar-of-the-lion-333717.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306192358/https://www.in.com/sports/ms-dhoni-makes-his-digital-debut-with-roar-of-the-lion-333717.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-03-06|title=MS Dhoni makes his digital debut with Roar Of The Lion|website=in.com|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref> The series consists of five episodes, each having a runtime of around 30 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Entertainment|first=Quint|date=2019-03-05|title=Dhoni to Tell His Story in Hotstar's Docu-Drama 'Roar of the Lion'|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/dhoni-to-tell-his-story-in-hotstars-docu-drama-roar-of-the-lion|access-date=2021-01-21|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> Portions of the series were shot in [[India]] ([[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]], [[Chennai]]) and [[Australia]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/roar-of-the-lion-trailer-hotstar-documentary-ms-dhoni-chennai-super-kings-5619362/|title=Roar of the Lion trailer: Hotstar documentary traces MS Dhoni and Chennai Super King's journey to the top|date=2019-03-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref>

== Release ==
The official teaser for the series was unveiled on 5 March,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-05|title=MS Dhoni to feature in Hotstar's docu-drama Roar of the Lion|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ms-dhoni-to-feature-in-hotstar-docu-drama-roar-of-the-lion-5612155/|access-date=2021-01-21|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> followed by the trailer on 9 March.<ref name=":1" /> The documentary web series was supposed to have its special screening on 19 March 2019 at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], as it was based on the team [[Chennai Super Kings]], but the plan was later dropped due to security concerns, as there were expectations of huge crowds for the event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/ipl/2019/mar/19/security-fear-cancels-screening-of-film-on-csk-at-stadium-1952912.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321163543/http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/ipl/2019/mar/19/security-fear-cancels-screening-of-film-on-csk-at-stadium-1952912.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 March 2019|title=Security fear cancels screening of film on CSK at stadium|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The series eventually released through [[Hotstar]] on 20 March 2019, in [[Hindi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-20|title=Roar of the Lion: MS Dhoni speaks about CSK ban, comeback and title triumph|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/roar-of-the-lion-ms-dhoni-speaks-about-csk-ban-comeback-and-title-triumph/story-ePNLbklsf3gWbwKa0lYJvK.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The documentary received praise from the CSK teammates,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=DNA Web|date=2019-03-16|title=IPL 2019: Chennai Super Kings players praise MS Dhoni's 'Roar of The Lion' documentary|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2019-chennai-super-kings-players-praise-ms-dhoni-s-roar-of-the-lion-documentary-2729996|access-date=2021-01-21|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> along with popular actors and actresses giving support to the series.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ms-dhoni-docu-drama-hotstar-roar-of-the-lion-celebrity-pre-release-reaction-5630736/ | title= Roar of the Lion: Celebrities can't wait to watch MS Dhoni's docu-drama | date=18 March 2019 | newspaper=The Indian Express | accessdate=27 March 2019 }}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Critic Priyansh of ''[[Firstpost]]'' reviewed the documentary series stating "From Roar of the Lion to the stands, cricket supporters are neglected with consummate ease. The fan experience, from the stadium to the television, is a relegated concern; the rich, the powerful, and the popular dictate the interests of those who run the game. For the privilege of the star cricketer, the iridescent lives of CSK fans are overlooked in a narrative laced with apathy and indifference. Supporters are cast as props, their voices matter only when they are heard chanting a cricketer's name. Otherwise, their bleatings is just ambient noise in the afterglow of the insuperable hero."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roar of the Lion, CSK documentary review: Fans an afterthought in MS Dhoni's hagiography |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/roar-of-the-lion-csk-documentary-review-fans-an-afterthought-in-ms-dhonis-hagiography-6314781.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Firstpost|date=23 March 2019 }}</ref> Chandresh Narayanan of ''[[The Quint]]'' opined that "The series breezes through the middle phase of the tournament, but they don’t hold back when it comes to cracking a joke at their own expense."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Narayanan|first=Chandresh|date=2019-03-20|title='Roar of the Lion': Dhoni Talks, Yes, But He Could've Said More|url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/ipl/review-ms-dhoni-csk-hotstar-series-roar-of-lion|access-date=2021-01-21|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> Vinayakk Mohanarajan of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' commented "A large part of the series is dedicated to the extraordinary connect the fans have developed with the franchise over the past decade."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mohanarangan|first=Vinayakk|title='Roar of the Lion': Unabashed ode to CSK fans, few honest glimpses of Dhoni (but not much else)|url=https://scroll.in/field/917359/roar-of-the-lion-an-unabashed-ode-to-csk-fans-few-honest-glimpses-of-dhoni-but-not-much-else|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Scroll.in|date=21 March 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 99%;"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
|-
|rowspan="1"|2019
|rowspan="1"|[[iReel Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.news18.com/i-reel-awards/list-of-nominees/#best_awards_5d691e3c111fdb8740e0d835|title=nominations|website=News18|accessdate=2019-09-11}}</ref>
| Best Non Fiction Show
| Roar of The Lion
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

== See also ==
*[[Chennai Super Kings in 2018]]
*[[List of original programs distributed by Hotstar]]
*[[Hotstar Specials]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Kabir Khan}}

[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:2010s documentary television series]]
[[Category:Indian documentary television series]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League on television]]
[[Category:Documentary television series about sports]]
[[Category:Indian sports television series]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Chennai Super Kings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language documentary television series]]
[[Category:Cricket television series]]

Manushulu Mamathalu

2026-05-02T07:25:22Z

Bruce06828: Created initial article first draft - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Manushulu Mamathalu
| image = Manushulu Mamathalu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Acharya Aatreya]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = [[Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani]]
| screenplay = K. Pratyagatma
| producer = A. V. Subba Rao
| director = [[K. Pratyagatma]]
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| music = [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
| cinematography = P. S. Selvaraj
| editing = J. Krishnaswamy
| studio = [[Prasad Art Productions]]
| distributor = Navayuga Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1965|8|27}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Manushulu Mamathalu''''' ({{translation|Human Effections}}) is a 1965 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] produced by A. V. Subba Rao under the [[Prasad Art Productions]] banner and directed by [[K. Pratyagatma]]. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]], with music composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]. [[T. Rama Rao]] worked as associate director for this film. This picture is also remembered to be Jayalalithaa's Telugu debut as a leading actress (having previously worked as a child artiste in mostly song sequences). This was the first Telugu film to ever receive an [[A certificate]] from the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=29 December 2017 |title=Manushulu Mamathalu (1965) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/manushulu-mamathalu-1965/article22323595.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716073645/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/manushulu-mamathalu-1965/article22323595.ece |archive-date=16 July 2021}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Zamindar Raja Rao dotes on his only daughter, Radha. He shelters a broken household in Godavari floods, consisting of Venu & his mother, Kanakamma. From childhood, Venu & Radha grew up in camaraderie, and she wishes to marry him. Seshu, the debauched nephew of Raja Rao, harbours evil intentions to marry Radha, but his advances are denied, making him envious. Besides, Gopala Rao, the intimate insider of Raja Rao, is a chief engineer who resides with his daughter Indira and Bhaskar, his deceased sibling's son. On one occasion, Gopal Rao moves the bridal connection of Bhaskar & Radha. Then, Radha proposes Venu, but he cannot agree since his dream & ambition is to become an Engineer, and the wedlock hinders his goal. Ergo, Radha nuptials Bhaskar. At her hand & aid, Venu walks to Gopal Rao for higher studies, which frees up the room. Parallelly, Indira starts endearing & nearing him, but he tries to cut her off.

Meanwhile, Bhaskar begins a construction business and acquires a prestigious ''Sagar Dam'' contract. Troublesome Seshu, who is waiting for a shot, clutches Bhaskar via his paramour Vani and hooks him on to vices. Plus, he swindles their totality by grabbing the authority. Accordingly, Radha goes into perceptual grief, which devastates her. Time passes, and Venu triumphs as a meritor and becomes the chief engineer at ''Sagar Dam.'' Consequently, he unearths Seshu's fraud of faulty construction and withholds their bills. Knowing it, Bhaskar accuses Venu of being faithless, and Radha heads to him. Whereat, he divulges the actuality, and she states him to be righteousness. However, Venu affirms Radha does hard. Simultaneously, Gopal Rao steps with Indira's proposal, which Venu accepts if he is ready to pay for the project repair. Nevertheless, Indira bestows the amount as a friend and states she does not want a forcible alliance. Here, Seshu ruses to blame the affair between Venu & Radha before Bhaskar when he smacks & expels him. Moreover, Vani makes Bhaskar perceive his slip and let him go. Forthwith, enraged Seshu avenges to blast the bridge, but Venu shields it, risking death. At last, Venu gets betrothed to Indira on Radha's word. Finally, the movie ends happily.

== Cast ==
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Venu
*[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Radha
*[[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Indira
*[[Jaggayya]] as Bhaskar
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Raja Rao
*[[Ramana Reddy]] as Gopalam
*[[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]] as Seshu
*[[Rajasree]] as Vani
*[[Hemalatha (Telugu actress)|Hemalatha]] as Kanakamma

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manushulu Mamathalu (1965)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CFZ/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230101104359/https://indiancine.ma/documents/CFZ/info |archive-date=1 January 2023 |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Siggestondha Siggestondha" || Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, [[P. Susheela|Susheela]] || C. Narayana Reddy || 04:05
|-
| "Nee Kaliki" || Jayadev, [[S. Janaki|Janaki]] || [[Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu|Dasarathi]] || 05:16
|-
| "Neevu Eduruga Unnavu" || Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Susheela || C. Narayana Reddy || 04:22
|-
| "Okaru Kavali" || Janaki || Kosaraju Raghavaiah Chowdary || 02:46
|-
| "Vennelalo Malliyallu" || Susheela || Dasarathi || 03:14
|-
| "Nenu Tagaledu" || Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao || Dasarathi || 03:25
|-
| "Kannu Moosindhiledhu" || Susheela || Dasarathi || 04:01
|-
| "Ninnu Choodani" || Susheela || Dasarathi || 03:47
|-
| "Ontariga Vunnavante" ||Susheela || Atreya || 02:21
|}

==Release==

The film received an [[A certificate]] by the censor board due to the song sequence featuring Jayalalitha in a swimsuit and the sequence of wife giving alcohol to husband, marking the first Telugu film to receive an A certificate.

== Accolades ==
The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]].<ref name="13thawardPDF">{{Cite web |title=13th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008121223/http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=15 September 2011 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}

[[Category:1965 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1965 Indian films]]
[[Category:1965 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kotayya Pratyagatma]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. Chalapathi Rao]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1965 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Herbert Hope Risley

2026-04-29T11:32:05Z

Bruce06828: created new stub

{{Short description|British ethnographer and colonial administrator (1851–1911)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{infobox person
|honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
|name=Herbert Hope Risley
|honorific_suffix={{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCIE|CSI|FRAI}}
|image=H H Risley.png
|caption=Risley
|birth_date={{birth date|1851|01|04}}
|birth_place=[[Akeley, Buckinghamshire|Akeley]], [[Buckinghamshire]], England
|occupation=[[Indian Civil Service]] officer
|alma_mater=[[New College, Oxford]]
|spouses={{marriage|Elsie Julie Oppermann|17 June 1879}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1911|09|30|1851|01|04}}
|death_place= [[Wimbledon, London]], England
}}

'''Sir Herbert Hope Risley''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCIE|CSI|FRAI}} (4 January 1851 – 30 September 1911) was a British [[ethnography|ethnographer]] and colonial administrator, a member of the [[Indian Civil Service]] who conducted extensive studies on the [[tribe]]s and [[caste]]s of the [[Bengal Presidency]]. He is notable for the formal identification of the centuries old established [[Caste in India|caste system]] of the entire [[Hindu]] population of [[British Raj|British India]] in the 1901 [[Census of India|census]], of which he was in charge. As an exponent of [[scientific racism]], he used [[Anthropometry|anthropometric data]] to divide Indians into seven races.{{sfnp|Trautmann|1997|p=203}}{{sfnp|Walsh|2011|p=171}}

Risley was born in [[Buckinghamshire]], England, in 1851 and attended [[New College, Oxford|New College, Oxford University]] prior to joining the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS). He was initially posted to Bengal, where his professional duties engaged him in statistical and ethnographic research, and he soon developed an interest in [[anthropology]]. His decision to indulge these interests curtailed his initial rapid advancement through the ranks of the Service, although he was later appointed [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Census Commissioner]] and, shortly before his death in 1911, became [[Permanent Secretary]] at the [[India Office]] in London. In the intervening years he compiled various studies of Indian communities based on ideas that are now considered to constitute [[scientific racism]]. He emphasised the value of fieldwork and anthropometric studies, in contrast to the reliance on old texts and folklore that had historically been the methodology of [[Indology|Indologists]] and which was still a significant approach in his lifetime.

Aside from being honoured by his country, including by the award of a [[knighthood]], Risley also became President of the [[Royal Anthropological Institute]].

==Early life==
Herbert Hope Risley was born at [[Akeley, Buckinghamshire|Akeley]] in Buckinghamshire, England, on 4 January 1851. His father was a [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] and his mother the daughter of John Hope, who had served in the [[Bengal Medical Service]] at [[Gwalior]].<ref name=ODNB>{{ODNBweb|id=35760|title=Risley, Sir Herbert Hope}}</ref>

During his schooldays at [[Winchester College]], where many of his relatives had preceded him, he won a scholarship and was also awarded a gold medal for an essay in [[Latin]]. Continuing his education with a scholarship at [[New College, Oxford]], he graduated with a [[British undergraduate degree classification|second-class]] [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in law and modern history in 1872. He had already passed the [[competitive examination]] for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) in 1871, entered it on 3 June 1873 and arrived in India on 24 October of that year.<ref name=ODNB/><ref name=IndiaList1905p600>{{cite book |title=The India List and Office List |publisher=India Office |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3VQTAAAAYAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3VQTAAAAYAAJ/page/n604 600]}}</ref>

==India: 1873–1885==
[[File:Herbert_Hope_Risley.jpg|thumb|left|c. 1907]]
His initial posting was to [[Midnapur]] in Bengal as an Assistant Magistrate and Assistant [[District collector|District Collector]]. The area was inhabited in part by forest tribes. He soon took to studying them and retained an interest in the anthropology of such tribes for the remainder of his life. He also became involved in [[William Wilson Hunter|William Wilson Hunter's]] Statistical Survey of India, which began in 1869, and was to be printed in the first edition of ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', published in 1881. Hunter personally conducted the survey of Bengal, and the anthropological, linguistic and sociological accomplishments of Risley were recognised in February 1875 when he was appointed as one of five Assistant Directors of Statistics for Hunter's Survey.<ref name=ODNB/><ref name=IndiaList1905p600/><ref name=Crooke1915/>

Risley compiled the Survey's volume covering the hill districts of [[Hazaribagh]] and [[Lohardaga]], and both the literary style and subject knowledge shown in this work were to prove beneficial to his career. He became Assistant Secretary to the Government of Bengal and then, in 1879, was appointed as Under Secretary in the Home Department of the Government of India. In 1880 he returned to work at district level, at [[Gobindpur, Jharkhand|Govindpur]], having married Elsie Julie Oppermann on 17 June 1879 at [[Shimla|Simla]]. According to Crispin Bates, a historian of modern South Asia, Oppermann was an "erudite German"<ref name=Bates1995p237 /> and her linguistic proficiency helped Risley learn more about anthropology and statistics from non-English sources. The couple had a son and a daughter.<ref name=ODNB/><ref name=Crooke1915/>

To return to work in the districts was Risley's personal preference and was made despite his unusually rapid rise through the ranks. He went from Govindpur back to Hazaribagh and then, in 1884, to [[Manbhum]], where he was charged with conducting an enquiry into [[land tenure]] arrangements.<ref name=ODNB/>

==Ethnographic Survey of Bengal: 1885–1891==
[[File:Topinard nasal index.png|thumb|The nasal index: a method of classifying ethnicity based on the ratio of the breadth of a nose to its height, Developed by [[Paul Topinard]]. "Narrow" noses (Types 1–5) indicate European origin; "medium" noses (Type 6) are the "yellow races"; and "broad" are either African (Type 7) or Melanesian and Australian aboriginal (Type 8).|alt=Image showing drawings of various nasal shapes.]]

In 1885, Risley was appointed to conduct a project titled the Ethnographic Survey of Bengal, which [[Augustus Rivers Thompson]], the [[Lieutenant-Governor]] of the Presidency at the time, believed to be a sensible exercise.<ref name=Crooke1915/> The [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] had come close to overturning [[Company rule in India]], and the disruption led the British government to take over administrative control from the [[East India Company|British East India Company]]. Members of the ICS such as [[Richard Carnac Temple]] thought that if further discontent were to be avoided, it was necessary to obtain a better understanding of the colonial subjects, particularly those from the rural areas.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmyVKwxmeyUC |title=In quest of Indian folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke |first=Sadhana |last=Naithani |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-253-34544-8}}</ref> As time went on, the ethnographic studies and their resultant categorisations were embodied in numerous official publications and became an essential part of the administrative mechanisms of the colonial government; of those categorisations it was caste that was regarded to be, in Risley's words, "the cement that holds together the myriad units of Indian society".<ref>{{cite book |title=Ideologies of the Raj |first=Thomas R. |last=Metcalf |author-link=Thomas R. Metcalf |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-58937-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRcMoGSkRtIC |page=119}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Risley |first=Sir Herbert Hope |editor-last=Crooke |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Crooke |title=The People of India |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924024114773 |year=1915 |orig-year=1908 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |location=Calcutta |page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024114773/page/n319 278]|edition=Memorial }}</ref> The desire for ethnographic studies was expressed by another Raj administrator, [[Denzil Ibbetson]], in his 1883 report on the 1881 census of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]: {{blockquote|Our ignorance of the customs and beliefs of the people among whom we dwell is surely in some respects a reproach to us; for not only does that ignorance deprive European science of material which it greatly needs, but it also involves a distinct loss of administrative power to ourselves.<ref>{{cite book |title=Panjab Castes |first=Denzil Charles Jelf |last=Ibbetson |author-link=Denzil Ibbetson |location=Lahore |publisher=Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab |year=1916 |page=v. of Original Preface |url=https://archive.org/details/panjabcastes00ibbe}}</ref>}}

Risley's survey task was aided when research papers of a recently deceased [[Indian Medical Service]] doctor, James Wise, were given to him by the doctor's widow. Wise had researched the people of Eastern Bengal and it was agreed that, after ascertaining the accuracy of his work, his research should be incorporated into Risley's survey results. In return, those volumes of the survey dealing with ethnographic matters would be dedicated to Wise. Further assistance came from the research of [[Edward Tuite Dalton]] into the jungle tribes of [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chhotanagpur]] and [[Assam]]. Dalton, like Wise, had previously published his efforts but now they would be integrated as a part of a larger whole. Risley was able to deal with the remaining areas of Bengal by making use of a large staff of correspondents who came from disparate backgrounds, such as missionaries, native people and Government officials.<ref name=Crooke1915/>

In 1891 Risley published a paper entitled ''The Study of Ethnology in India''.<ref name="Risley 1891 237–238">{{cite journal |title=The Study of Ethnology in India |first=Herbert Hope |last=Risley |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=20 |year=1891 |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |jstor=2842267 |pages=237–238 |doi=10.2307/2842267 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2197610 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It was a contribution to what [[Thomas Trautmann]], a historian who has studied Indian society, describes as "the racial theory of Indian civilisation". Trautmann considers Risley, along with the [[philologist]] [[Max Müller]], to have been leading proponents of this idea which {{blockquote|by century's end had become a settled fact, that the constitutive event for Indian civilisation, the Big Bang through which it came into being, was the clash between invading, fair-skinned, civilized Sanskrit-speaking Aryans and dark-skinned, barbarous aborigines.<ref>{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |page=194 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=YODA Press |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref>{{efn|[[William Jones (philologist)|Sir William Jones]] had first proposed a racial division of India as a consequence of an [[Indo-Aryan migration theory|Aryan invasion]] but at that time, in the late 18th century, there was insufficient evidence to support it.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=231}}</ref>}}}} Trautmann notes, however, that the convergence of their theories was not a deliberate collaboration.<ref name="Trautmann2006p199">{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |page=199 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref>

In the same year, 1891, the four volumes of ''[[The Tribes and Castes of Bengal]]'' were published. These contained the results of the Bengal survey, with two volumes comprising an "Ethnographical Glossary", and a further two being of "Anthropometric Data".{{efn|This was the first time that [[anthropometry]] was used in a survey of Indian people.<ref name=Bates1995p237>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=237}}</ref>}} Risley took advice from [[William Henry Flower]], Director of the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], and [[William Turner (university principal)|William Turner]], an Edinburgh anthropologist, in compiling the anthropometric volumes. The work was well received by the public and government alike. In the same year, he was elected an ''officier'' of the [[Académie Française]]; and in the [[1892 New Year Honours]] he was appointed a [[Companion of the Indian Empire]] (CIE).<ref name=ODNB/><ref name=IndiaList1905p167>{{cite book |title=The India List and Office List |publisher=India Office |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3VQTAAAAYAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3VQTAAAAYAAJ/page/n207 167]}}</ref> In more recent times, his use of contemporary anthropometric methods has led to his career being described by Bates as "the apotheosis of pseudo-scientific racism",<ref name=Bates1995p225>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=225}}</ref> an opinion that is shared by others.<ref>{{cite book |title=Constructing the Criminal Tribe in Colonial India: Acting Like a Thief |first=Henry |last=Schwarz |location=Chichester, West Sussex |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4443-1734-3 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TakDPlqImkYC}}</ref> The theory now known as scientific racism was prevalent for a century from around the 1840s<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=P. |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=221}}
</ref> and had at its heart, says [[Philip D. Curtin]], that "race was one of the principal determinants of attitudes, endowments, capabilities and inherent tendencies among human beings. Race thus seemed to determine the course of human history."<ref>{{cite book |title=The Image of Africa: British Ideas and action, 1780–1850 |first=Philip D. |last=Curtin |author-link=Philip D. Curtin|location=Madison |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1964 |isbn=978-0-8357-6772-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chyRAAAAIAAJ |page=29}}</ref>

According to Trautmann, Risley believed that ethnologists could benefit from undertaking fieldwork. He quotes Risley saying of ethnologists in India that they had relied too much:<ref>{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |page=198 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref> {{blockquote|on mere literary accounts which give an ideal and misleading picture of caste and its social surroundings. They show us, not things as they are, but things as they ought to be, in the view of a particular school or in the light of a particular tradition ... [S]ome slight personal acquaintance with even a single tribe of savage men could hardly fail to be of infinite service to the philosopher who undertakes to trace the process by which civilisation has been gradually evolved out of barbarism.<ref name="Risley 1891 237–238"/>}} Risley also viewed India as an ethnological laboratory, where the continued practice of [[endogamy]] had ensured that, in his opinion, there were strict delineations of the various communities by caste and that consequently caste could be viewed as identical to race. Whereas others, such as Ibbetson, considered caste to be best defined as based on occupation, he believed that changes in occupation within a community led to another instance of endogamy "being held by a sort of unconscious fiction to be equivalent to the difference of race, which is the true basis of the system."<ref name=Trautmann2006p199 /><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Study of Ethnology in India |first=Herbert Hope |last=Risley |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=20 |year=1891 |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |jstor=2842267 |page=240 |doi=10.2307/2842267 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2197610 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The study was, in the opinion of [[William Crooke]], another ethnographer of the Raj period, "the first attempt to apply, in a systematic way, the methods of anthropometry to the analysis of the people of an Indian Province."<ref name=Crooke1915/>{{efn|[[William Crooke|William Crooke's]] comment regarding Risley being the first to attempt a systematic use of anthropometric methods in India does not necessarily signify approval of those methods. Crooke was a [[folklorist]] and, according to Bates, "his principal rival and critic at this time".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=242}}</ref>}} Risley was influenced by the methodology of the French [[physical anthropologist]] [[Paul Topinard]], from whose ''Éléments d'anthropologie générale'' he had selected several anthropometric techniques, including the nasal index. Topinard believed that this index—a ratio derived from measuring the breadth and height of the nose—could be combined with other cranial measurements to enable a [[Linnean classification]] of humans, for which purpose Trautmann said: {{blockquote|[I]t is useful both in its exactness of application and in the reassuring way in which it conforms itself to what is already known to be true rather than presenting us with information that requires us to part with existing beliefs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |pages=200–201 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=YODA Press |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref>}}

Despite his comments regarding the use of literature by anthropologists, Risley used the ancient ''[[Rig Veda]]'' text, which he interpreted as speaking of [[Indo-Aryan migration theory|Aryan invaders]] coming into India from the northwest and meeting with existing peoples. Dalton and J. F. Hewitt had posited that the native people comprised two distinct groups, being the [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] and the [[Kolarian]], and Risley's use of the nasal index was in part intended to counter those theories by showing that the two groups were racially identical even if they were linguistically varied.<ref>{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |pages=202–203 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref> Crooke noted that Risley appeared to succeed in proving a physical similarity between "the so-called Dravidian and Kolarian races" and "identified the Austro-Asiatic group of languages, with Munda as one of its sub-branches."<ref name=Crooke1915/>

Risley's interpretation of the nasal index went beyond investigation of the two-race theory. He believed that the variations shown between the extremes of those races of India were indicative of various positions within the caste system,<ref name="Trautmann2006p203">{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |page=203 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref> saying that generally "the social position of a caste varies inversely as its nasal index."<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Study of Ethnology in India |first=Herbert Hope |last=Risley |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=20 |year=1891 |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |jstor=2842267 |page=253 |doi=10.2307/2842267 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2197610 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Trautmann explains that Risley "found a direct relation between the proportion of Aryan blood and the nasal index, along a gradient from the highest castes to the lowest. This assimilation of caste to race ... proved very influential."<ref>{{cite book |title=Aryans and British India |page=183 |first=Thomas R. |last=Trautmann |author-link=Thomas Trautmann |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Yoda Press]] |edition=2nd Indian |year=2006 |orig-year=1997 |isbn=81-902272-1-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C}}</ref> He also saw a linkage between the nasal index and the definition of a community as either a tribe or a Hindu caste<ref name=Trautmann2006p203 /> and believed that the caste system had its basis in race rather than in occupation, saying "community of race, and not, as has frequently been argued, community of function, is the real determining principle, the true ''causa causans'', of the caste system."<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Study of Ethnology in India |first=Herbert Hope |last=Risley |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=20 |year=1891 |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |jstor=2842267 |page=260 |doi=10.2307/2842267 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2197610 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The methods of anthropometric data collection, much of which was done by Risley, have been questioned in more recent times. Bates has said: {{blockquote|The maximum sample size used in Risley's enquiry was 100, and in many cases Risley's conclusions about the racial origins of particular castes or tribal groups were based on the cranial measurements of as few as 30 individuals. Like Professor Topinard, Paul Broca, Le Bron and Morton before him, Risley had a clear notion of where his results would lead, and he had no difficulty in fitting the fewest observations into a complex typology of racial types.<ref name=Bates1995p238>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=238}}</ref>}}

==India: the 1901 census==
[[File:India1909PrevailingRaces.JPG|thumb|The map of the prevailing "races" of India (now discredited{{According to whom|date=February 2021}}) based on the 1901 Census of British Map of India purporting to show distribution of races]]
After completing the Bengal survey, Risley's work consisted of heading an enquiry into policing, and following that more usual administrative tasks for both the Bengal and Imperial governments. In 1899 he was appointed Census Commissioner, tasked with preparing and reporting on the forthcoming decennial census of 1901. The detailed regulations that he formulated for that exercise were also used for the 1911 census, and the work involved in co-ordinating the various Provincial administrations was considerable and detailed.<ref name=Crooke1915/> He succeeded [[Jervoise Athelstane Baines]], who held the office for the 1891 census, had himself adjusted the classification system and was an influence on Risley.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society |volume=89 |issue=1 |date=January 1926 |pages=182–184 |title=Obituary: Sir Athelstane Baines, C.S.I. |author1=R.H.R. |author2=S. de J. |publisher=Royal Statistical Society |location=London |jstor=2341501 }}</ref> According to political scientist [[Lloyd Rudolph]], Risley believed that ''varna'', however ancient, could be applied to all the modern castes found in India, and "[he] meant to identify and place several hundred million Indians within it."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3vnsnma5nW4C |title=The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India |first=Lloyd I. |last=Rudolph |author-link=Lloyd I. Rudolph |others=[[Susanne Hoeber Rudolph|Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber]] |year=1984 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=116–117 |isbn=0-226-73137-5}}</ref>

The outcome of the census is described by Crooke as "an exceptionally interesting report", produced in association with a colleague, [[Edward Albert Gait]]. Crooke notes that in the report "he developed his views on the origin and classification of the Indian races largely on the basis of anthropometry."<ref name=Crooke1915/> By now, Risley believed anthropometric measurement enabled the Indian castes to be described as belonging to one of seven racial types, although he accepted that his own work indicated only three such types: the Aryan, Dravidian and [[Mongoloid]]. The seven that he believed to be capable of classification were the Aryo-Dravidian, Dravidian, [[Indo-Aryan migration|Indo-Aryan]], Mongolo-Dravidian, Mongoloid, Scytho-Dravidian and the Turko-Iranian.<ref name=Bates1995p238 /> He went further still by holding that there was support for the racial theory in the various linguistic differences between Indian communities, an opinion that frustrated Müller but which was supported by the publication of the Linguistic Survey of India by another officer of ICS, [[George Abraham Grierson]]. Bates notes that the correlation in the theories of Risley and Grierson is not surprising because Grierson was {{blockquote|armed with the much earlier but as yet unproven hypotheses of Sir William Jones concerning matters of language and race, and was intimately acquainted with Risley's theories of racial origins. Grierson also followed a similar ''ex ante'' deductive methodology in his research.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=239}}</ref>}}

Another event that occurred in 1901 and which related to Risley was the official approval of an India-wide ethnographic survey, intended to be conducted over a period of eight years and using in part the anthropometrical methodology established for Risley's survey of Bengal. Superintendents were appointed to each Province and [[Presidency]] and grants of £5000 per annum were given for the eight-year period. Bates considers that the results of this effort, which included works by [[Edgar Thurston]] and [[Robert Vane Russell]], were rarely "quite so thorough, even by Risley's standards."<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=240}}</ref>{{efn|The ethnography documented by [[Edgar Thurston]] (1855-1935) most notably related to [[South India]]; that of [[Robert Vane Russell]] (1873-1915) focussed on the [[Central Provinces]].}}

Some of the material from the 1901 census was later republished, in amended form, in Risley's 1908 work, ''[[The People of India]]'', which sociologist [[D. F. Pocock]] describes as "almost the last production of that great tradition of administrator scholars who had long and extensive experience in the Indian Civil Service and had not found their arduous activity incompatible with scholarship."<ref>{{cite book |title=Essays on the caste system |first=Célestin Charles Alfred |last=Bouglé |author-link=Célestin Bouglé |editor-first=D. F. |editor-last=Pocock |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1971 |pages=viii–ix |isbn=978-0-521-08093-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9o8AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Trautmann considers the census report and subsequent book to represent "Risley's grand syntheses of India ethnology", while the paper of 1891 had given "an exceptionally clear view of his project at the state of what we might call its early maturity."<ref name=Trautmann2006p199 />

The ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (ODNB) says: {{blockquote| From the date of his report a new chapter was opened in Indian official literature, and the census volumes, until then regarded as dull, were at once read and reviewed in every country. His categorisation of Indian castes and occupations had an enduring social and political effect.<ref name=ODNB/>}}

According to [[Susan Bayly]], who studies historical anthropology: {{blockquote|Those like [Sir William] Hunter, as well as the key figures of H. H. Risley (1851–1911) and his protégé Edgar Thurston, who were disciples of the French race theorist Topinard and his European followers, subsumed discussions of caste into theories of biologically determined race essences ... Their great rivals were the material or occupational theorists led by the ethnographer and folklorist William Crooke (1848–1923), author of one of the most widely read provincial ''Castes and Tribes'' surveys, and such other influential scholar-officials as [[Denzil Ibbetson]] and [[E. A. H. Blunt]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |series=The New Cambridge History of India, Volume 4.3 |first=Susan |last=Bayly |year=2001 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=126–127 |isbn=978-0-521-26434-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC}}</ref>{{efn|[[E. A. H. Blunt]] (1877-1941) worked mostly in the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]] and wrote of the people in that Province.}}|author=|title=|source=}}

==India: later years==
In 1901 Risley was appointed Director of Ethnography.<ref name=ODNB/> There had been proposals for a wide-ranging survey of the subject—which Risley had himself discussed this in his article, ''The Study of Ethnology in India—''but the implementation of the project had been hampered by economic circumstances related principally to a series of famines, including that of [[Indian famine of 1899–1900|1899–1900]].<ref name=Crooke1915/>

In the following year he became Home Secretary in India in the administration of [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], the [[Viceroy of India]], and in 1909 was temporarily a member of the governing council. His experience of administrative matters, including with regard to policing, proved to be useful to Curzon during the government's [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|1905 partition of Bengal]] along communal lines. So useful was his knowledge and ability that his term in India was extended for two years beyond the usual retirement age. This was to enable him to provide the summarisation, negotiation and drafting skills necessary to ensure success in administrative reform of the Provincial Councils by Curzon's successor as [[Viceroy]], [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|Lord Minto]].<ref name=ODNB/>

Already recognised by the Académie Française and by the award of CIE, Risley was made a Companion of the [[Order of the Star of India]] on 24 June 1904 and a Knight of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] in 1907.<ref name=Crooke1915/><ref name=IndiaList1905p167/>

The ''ODNB'' notes that during his time in India Risley's work legitimised an inquisitive methodology which had previously been resented by the colonial subjects and that {{blockquote|[Risley] cultivated an intimate knowledge of the peoples of India. In 1910 he asserted that a knowledge of facts concerning the religions and habits of the peoples of India equipped a civil servant with a passport to popular regard. ... On the processes by which non-Aryan tribes are admitted into Hinduism he was recognized to be the greatest living authority ... His work completely revolutionized the native Indian view of ethnological inquiry.<ref name=ODNB/>}}

==England, and death==
Back in England, having left the ICS in February 1910,<ref name=Crooke1915>{{cite book|last=Risley |first=Sir Herbert Hope |editor-last=Crooke |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Crooke |title=The People of India |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924024114773 |year=1915 |orig-year=1908 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |location=Calcutta|edition=Memorial }}</ref> Risley was appointed Permanent Secretary of the judicial department of the [[India Office]], succeeding [[Charles James Lyall]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |page=243 |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0}}</ref> In January of that same year he became President of the Royal Anthropological Institute.<ref name=ODNB/>

According to Crooke, "the strain of [overseeing the Provincial Council reforms] on a constitution which at no time was robust doubtless laid the seeds of the fatal disease which was soon to end his life." Risley died at [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] on 30 September 1911, continuing his studies to the end despite suffering what the ''ODNB'' describes as a "distressing illness". His widow was remarried to Lieutenant-General Sir [[Fenton Aylmer]]; she died in 1934.<ref name=ODNB/>

==See also==
*[[Census of India prior to independence]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Author:Herbert Hope Risley | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no}}

*{{cite journal |title=Caste, Colonialism, and the Speech of the Colonized: Entextualization and Disciplinary Control in India |first=Gloria Goodwin |last=Raheja |journal=American Ethnologist |volume=23 |issue=3 |date=August 1996 |pages=494–513 |jstor=646349 |doi=10.1525/ae.1996.23.3.02a00030 }}
*{{cite book |title=Imagining India |first=Ronald |last=Inden |author-link=Ronald Inden |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-21358-7 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N658caH-C74C |pages=57–66}}
*{{citation |last=Trautmann |first=Thomas R. |title=Aryans and British India |year=1997 |publisher=Vistaar}}
*{{citation |last=Walsh |first=Judith E. |title=A Brief History of India |year=2011 |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-8143-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofin0000wals_y0v7 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Risley, Herbert Hope}}
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:British anthropologists]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:People from Aylesbury Vale]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:Proponents of scientific racism]]
[[Category:British male writers]]
[[Category:Presidents of The Asiatic Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland]]
[[Category:Civil servants in the India Office]]
[[Category:British ethnographers]]
[[Category:British white supremacists]]

H. D. Ranganath

2026-04-28T15:09:04Z

Bruce06828: created new post!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''H. D. Ranganath''' (born 28 July 1971) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is an MLA from [[Tumakuru district|Tumkur district]] representing [[Indian National Congress]]. He won the [[Kunigal Assembly constituency]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr H D Ranganath in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/dr-h-d-ranganath-kunigal-candidate-s10a131c004/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Election Commission of India | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10131.htm?ac=131 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513070648/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10131.htm?ac=131 | access-date=2025-02-16 | archive-date=2023-05-13}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ranganath is from [[Kunigal]], Tumkur district of India. He is the son of H. R. Doddaiah. A medical doctor by profession, he completed his master’s degree in orthopaedics in 2001 from J.C. Medical College, Mysore. Earlier, he did his M.B.B.S. at [[Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences]], Bangalore from 1989 to 1996. He also married a doctor. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. H D Ranganath(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- KUNIGAL(TUMKUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7504 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Ranganath won from [[Kunigal Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 74,724 votes and defeated his nearest rival, D. Krishna Kumar of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a huge margin of 26,573 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Kunigal Election Results, Kunigal विधानसभाचुनाव परिणाम 2023 - NDTV MPCG |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/karnataka-vidhan-sabha-election-results-2023/kunigal |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Tumkur district assembly constituencies result 2023 highlights: Congress wins 7 seats, BJP 2, JD(S) 1 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/tumakuru-assembly-constituency-result-2023-highlights-bjp-jds-inc-mla-candidates-leading-vote-majority-winners/articleshow/100199601.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Earlier, he contested the Kunigal seat representing Indian National Congress and became an MLA for the first time as he won the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 58,697 votes and defeated his nearest rival, D. Krishna Kumar of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 5,600 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Kunigal Constituency Election Results: Assembly seat details, MLAs, candidates & more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/kunigal-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99728139.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He is a renowned doctor and has performed free surgeries to a couple of poor patients in his constituency.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-02 |title=Doc-turned-MLA performs free surgeries on 2 constituents |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/doc-turned-mla-performs-free-surgeries-on-2-constituents/articleshow/102335573.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranganath, H. D.}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Tumakuru district]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]

Damodar Rout

2026-04-26T18:52:01Z

Bruce06828: new!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|07|02|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|03|22|1942|07|02|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bhubaneswar]], Odisha
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]
| term_start = 2009
| term_end = 2019
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
}}
[[File:Damodara_Rout.jpg | thumb | right | Damodara Rout]]
'''Damodar Rout''' (Died 22 March 2024) was an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a seven time<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2024 |title=Former Odisha minister Damodar Rout passes away at 81 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/former-odisha-minister-damodar-rout-passes-away-at-83-101711083378436.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> elected [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]] and [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]], representing [[Paradeep Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Paradeep Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/paradeep-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917086.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paradeep Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Paradeep Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/paradeep-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-03-22 |title=Veteran Odisha leader Damodar Rout passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/veteran-odisha-leader-damodar-rout-passes-away/article67979124.ece |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rout, Damodar}}

[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from Jagatsinghpur district]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]

Rajakumaran (director)

2026-04-25T11:18:12Z

Bruce06828: added first bio w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian actor (1999–2017)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| name = Rajakumaran
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Santhipalayam, [[Anthiyur]], [[Erode District|Erode]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| birth_name =
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Film director
* actor
}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]|2001}}
| children = 2
| yearsactive = 1999–2017
| website =
}}

'''Rajakumaran''' is an Indian film director, who has made Tamil films. He is married to actress [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], who he has collaborated with in all his films.

==Career==
Rajakumaran, an assistant to director [[Vikraman]], made his debut with ''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]'' (1999), a romance story produced by [[R. B. Choudary]]. The film starring [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] and [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] won positive reviews and commercial success, being described as "a film definitely worth watching" by a critic from Indolink.com, who cites that "it is bound to touch your heart and make you wonder about the power of love."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Nee_Varuvaai_Ena_101748.html |title=Nee Varuvaai Ena: Movie Review |publisher=Indolink.com |accessdate=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617112415/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Nee_Varuvaai_Ena_101748.html |archive-date=17 June 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> A reviewer from the Indian Express wrote "The plot is almost always predictable, and at times, even degenerates into blatant stupidity. But the director presents all this with such a straight face, that you find yourself lapping it all up".<ref name=nie>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Arul |date=17 October 1999 |title=Just lap it up |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/3293C422C38A004565256941003DC901?OpenDocument |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028223654/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/%28docid%29/3293C422C38A004565256941003DC901?OpenDocument |archive-date=28 October 2022}}</ref> The film went on to win the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Storywriter]] for Rajakumaran. He then briefly began working on another project titled ''Devathai Vanthuvittaal'', and then started and shelved a film titled ''Aanavam'', which was to feature [[Sathyaraj]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] and [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oocities.org/hollywood/lot/2330/gcnnov99.html|title = Gokul's Tamil Cinema News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/25-11-99/ishak.htm |title=Dinakaran |website=www.dinakaran.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041023120257/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/25-11-99/ishak.htm |archive-date=23 October 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

After the success of ''Nee Varuvai Ena'', Rajakumaran was given a chance by R. B. Choudary to make another film under his banner. The project was titled as ''[[Vinnukum Mannukum]]'' (2001), with an ensemble cast featuring [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], [[Sarathkumar]] and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]. In an interview in 2008, Vikram mentioned his displeasure at being a part of it, claiming that he had arguments with the director for every single shot and that "everything in that film, right from the first shot was wrong".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/02/15/stories/2008021550170400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217210603/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/02/15/stories/2008021550170400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2008 |title=Cinema Plus / Columns : Why I hate... Vinnukkum Mannukkum |date=15 February 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Furthermore, Rajakumaran failed to utilize the call sheets of Sarathkumar and this caused some delay in finishing off the shootings, taking over a year to complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%204.htm |title=Hot News4 |publisher=Cinematoday2.itgo.com |date= |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lavan.fateback.com/Cinema%20Section/Vinnukkum%20Mannukkum.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202225823/http://lavan.fateback.com/Cinema%20Section/Vinnukkum%20Mannukkum.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-02-02|title=Vinnukkum Mannukkum Movie Review|date=2014-02-02|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> with a critic from [[The Hindu]] noting: "director Rajakumaran has taken special care in the choice of songs and locations to make the film entertaining. He should have paid more attention to the first half and more important, must have extracted more work from Vikram, who has the potential, and Devayani, for whom it is a cakewalk".<ref name=hi>{{cite web|url=http://hindu.com/2001/04/13/stories/09130222.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927070118/http://hindu.com/2001/04/13/stories/09130222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2013 |title=Film review: ''Vinnukkum Mannukkum'' |date=13 April 2001 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref>

He next chose to direct and produce a film titled ''[[Kadhaludan]]'' (2003) with [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] in the lead role. The film won mixed reviews with a critic from Sify noting: "the plot is idiotic, as director Rajakumaran has tried to rehash his earlier film ''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]''" and described the film as tedious. Another review from [[The Hindu]] described the film as a neat family drama, adding that: "The screenplay is hampered mainly by lengthy, meandering dialogue that proves tiresome".<ref name="Sify">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kathaludan-review-tamil-12647202.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181820/http://www.sify.com/movies/kathaludan-review-tamil-12647202.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Movie Review Kathaludan|accessdate=14 April 2012|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/02/21/stories/2003022101120201.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630041243/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/02/21/stories/2003022101120201.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 June 2003|title= Kadhaludan|accessdate=14 April 2012|date=21 February 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=Malathi Rangarajan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.bizhat.com/review_kadhaludan.php|title=BizHat.com – Kadhaludan Review|accessdate=14 April 2012|publisher=movies.bizhat.com|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202101210/http://movies.bizhat.com/review_kadhaludan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> The failure of the films prompted Rajakumaran to take a sabbatical from film-making and briefly worked as a film distributor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/64944.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318084513/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/64944.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2011 |title=Rajakumaran turns distributor – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Along with his wife, they then launched another production ''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]'' in February 2008, with Rajakumaran playing the lead role and Devayani starring opposite him. The film, after much delay, released to mixed reviews in April 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/38616.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520090317/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/38616.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2008 |title=Devayani – the supportive wife – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=16 May 2008 |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married actress [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] in April 2001 in a secret marriage at [[Thiruthani Murugan Temple]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news126.html |title=Telugu Cinema Etc |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=9 April 2001 |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> The pair had fallen in love during the production of his first two films.

They have two children, Iniya and Priyanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/36276.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202102801/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/36276.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 February 2008 |title=Devayani gives birth to second child – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=1 February 2008 |accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=Actress Devayani's teenage daughter's photos in saree surprises fans - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/actress-devayani-daughter-saree-photos-iniya-priyanka-rajakumaran-tamil-news-332446 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Director===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%;"
! Year !! Film !! Notes !! Ref(s)
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]'' || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Storywriter]] ||<ref name=nie />
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Vinnukkum Mannukkum]]'' || ||<ref name=hi />
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Kadhaludan]]'' || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Family Film]] ||<ref name="Hindu" />
|-
| 2004 || ''Shivaram'' || Telugu film ||
|-
|2013 ||''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thirumathi-tamil/movie-review/19672818.cms|title=Thirumathi Tamil Movie Review {1/5}: Critic Review of Thirumathi Tamil by Times of India|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Actor===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%;"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Naan Pesa Ninaipathellam]]'' || || Uncredited
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]'' || Cyclist || Uncredited
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' || Bus passenger || Uncredited
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]'' || Thamizhselvan ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Vallavanukku Pullum Aayudham]]'' || Raj ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Kadugu]]'' || Pandi ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajakumaran}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajakumaran}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dadri mela

2026-04-18T18:09:57Z

Bruce06828: new!

{{Short description|Annual fair in Uttar Pradesh, India}}

'''Dadri mela''' is an annual [[festival]] celebrated in [[Dadri]], [[Ballia district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is believed to have been started 5000 years ago<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2022 |title=बलिया: 5000 साल पहले शुरू हुआ था ददरी का मेला, अगले वर्ष से सरकारी मेले के रूप में मनाया जाएगा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/uttar-pradesh/ballia-dadri-fair-started-5000-years-ago-will-be-celebrated-as-government-fair-from-next-year-spup/1445687 |access-date=11 July 2024 |work=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> and is currently organized by the Balia Municipal Corporation. The mela is associated with Hindu [[rishi]] [[Bhrigu]] and is named after his student rishi Dadar. it is believed to be started after the joining of [[Sarju]] and [[Ganges|Ganga]] by rishi Dadar. The mela is held for one month in two phases, first phase is 10 days before [[Kartika Purnima]] and is the Second Largest Market for cattle and animal trade.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=Raghavendra |title=Mela Parmparasiddh Janmadhyam |publisher=[[Bharti Prakashan]] |year=2020 |isbn=9789388019774 |pages=24–25 |language=hi}}</ref> The second phase is started on Kartika Purnima with evening Maha aarti.<ref name=":0" />

== Story ==
According to [[Pauranic|Pauranic legends]], when Rishi Bhrigu attacked Vishnu, he felt great remorse. To repent for his sins, he came back to Earth and started Prāyaścitta. During this time, due to his mastery in Jyotish Shastra, he learned that the river Ganga was going to dry up in the future. To prevent this, he asked his student, Rishi Dardr, to merge the Sarayu and Ganga rivers. Obeying his teacher's command, Rishi Dardr did so. The people at the confluence of the two rivers were overjoyed and celebrated the day as a festival. Since then, the mela has been celebrated annually.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
The mela is believed to have started in Pauranic times and is often believed to be 5000 years old.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bharti |first=Ajay |date=17 November 2022 |title=Ballia: 7 हजार साल से ज्यादा पुराना है ददरी मेले का इतिहास, हर साल कार्तिक महीने में आयोजन |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/ballia-news-history-of-dadri-fair-is-more-than-7000-years-old-it-is-organized-every-year-in-the-kartik-month-ann-2261322 |access-date=10 July 2024 |work=[[ABP News]]}}</ref> it has been celebrated at the same place but the animal fair and meena bazar were added later possibly during Mughal king [[Akbar|Akbar's]] time.<ref name=":0" />

== Events ==
* Animal Fair: held 10 days before the Kartika Purnima, the animal fair at Dadri mela is the main attraction for businesses and brings people from as far as [[Haryana]] and [[Rajasthan]]. It is the second largest animal fair in India and is known for its unique animals.
* Main mela: on Kartika Purnima the main Dadri mela is started with the [[Arti (Hinduism)|Mahaaarti]] in the evening. Meena Bazar and the rides for enjoyment usually start in that period.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandey |first=Rajkumar |date=28 November 2023 |title=बलिया का ददरी मेला: परंपरा और संस्कृति की चाशनी में डूबी 'जिलेबी' के साथ मेल- मुलाकात, बतकही का महीने भर का अड्डा |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/dadri-mela-ballia-origin-and-story-bhartendu-harishchandra-dileverd-his-historic-lecture-in-this-mela-7859403.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |work=[[News 18]]}}</ref>
* Bhartendu Manch: annual [[Kavi sammelan]] and different events are organized by the government for promotion of culture and arts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rai |first=Manish |date=2 December 2023 |title=आखिर क्यों लगता है ऐतिहासिक ददरी मेले में भारतेंदु कला मंच? जानें इतिहास |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/ballia-after-all-why-is-bharatendu-kala-manch-organized-in-the-historical-dadri-fair-7870462.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |work=[[News 18]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mela, Dadr}}
[[Category:Festivals in India]]

{{India-festival-stub}}

Sujan Dasgupta

2026-04-17T07:03:14Z

Bruce06828: new

{{Short description|Indian writer (1934–2009)}}
{{context|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Sujan Dasgupta
| native_name = সুজন দাশগুপ্ত
| other_names =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1942
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj |British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|1|18|1942|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Survey Park]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| alma_mater = [[Jadavpur University]] [[University of Cincinnati]]
| years_active =
| occupation = {{hlist| Writer|professor| researcher}}
| nationality = Indian
| awards =
| parents =
| children = [[Sayantani DasGupta|Sayantani Dasgupta]]
| signature =
| spouse = [[Shamita Das DasGupta|Shamita Dasgupta]]
| notable_works = Research at [[Bell Labs]], [[Eken Babu]]
}}
'''Sujan Dasgupta '''(1942 – 18 January 2023) was an Indian origin American writer and professor.<ref name=Mukherjee>{{cite web|url=https://www.jueca.us/newsroom/news/Mr-Sujan-Dasgupta---Interviewed-by-Mr-Amitavha-Mukherjee.dz|first=Amitavha|last=Mukherjee|title=Mr. Sujan Dasgupta - Interviewed by Mr. Amitavha Mukherjee|date=23 August 2018|website=[[Jadavpur University]] East Coast Alumni Association|accessdate=10 March 2025}}</ref> Outside Academia, he was famous for his fictional Bengali detective character series [[Ekenbabu]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/eken-babu-creator-sujan-dasgupta-died-of-heart-attack-says-primary-post-mortem-report/articleshow/97117641.cms|title='Eken Babu' creator Sujan Dasgupta died of heart attack, says primary post mortem report|date=19 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/creator-sujan-dasgupta-leaves-eken-babu-in-limbo|title=Creator Sujan Dasgupta leaves 'Eken babu' in limbo|first=Partha|last=Bandopadhyay|date=18 February 2023|website=GetBengal|accessdate=10 March 2025}}</ref> The first story of [[Ekenbabu]] series to be published was ''Manhattane Moonstone'' in 1991 in [[Anandamela]] magazine.<ref name=Mukherjee/>

==Early Life ==
Sujan Dasgupta was born in 1942 in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India. He completed his early education in the city before enrolling at [[Jadavpur University]], where he earned a degree in engineering. After completing his studies in India, Dasgupta moved to the United States in the 1960s to pursue higher education. He later received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the [[University of Cincinnati]] around 1970.{{fact|date=August 2025}}
Following his academic pursuits, Dasgupta joined [[Bell Labs]] in the United States, a leading research and development institution.{{fact|date=August 2025}}

==Eken Babu Stories==
* ''Manhattane Moonstone''
* ''Manhattane Manhunt''
* ''Dhaka Rahasyo Unmochito''
* ''Ekenbabu O Keyadidi''
* ''Sankhayar Sanket''
* ''Shanti Niketon E Ashanti''
* ''Harappar Shilalipi''
* ''Spoken English Murder mystery''
* ''Melaben Tini Melaben''
* Karmaphal
* Besuro Behalar Porer Kahini
* Manhattan e Madman
* Houseboat Nikhoj
* Asol Khunir Sondhane
* Ideal Jewelry
* Woodbridge Shohore
* Bhoyonkor Chithi
* Khuner Aage Khuni Khoja
* Columbus-ey Ekenbabu
* Priceless Buddha
* Manhattane Mystery Murder
* Nrityoshilpir Mrityu Tadonte Ekenbabu
* Eken Babu O Barman Barir Rahsya
* Puroshkar Panch Hazar Dollar
* Anguler Chhaap
* New Hope Diamonds
* Bouncy Ball
* Shosommane Biday
* Soundorya Boud
* Diamond For Ever
* Chadma Beshi Somoy
* Parswo Choritre Eken Babu
* Harano Prapti

<ref>Eken Babu Samagra 1 to 6 ISBN 9788195083053(1),ISBN 9788193423950 (2), ISBN 9789387753341 (3), ISBN 9789387753914 (4), ISBN 9788195301720 (5)</ref>

==Credits==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Film adaptations
!Year
!Title
!Based on
|-
|2022
|''[[The Eken]]''
|"Manhattaner Madman"
|-
|2023
|''[[The Eken: Ruddhaswas Rajasthan]]''
|"osommane Bidai"
|-
|2025
|''[[The Eken: Benaras e Bibhishika]]''
|"Ideal Jewellery"
|}
:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Eken Babu web series seasons
! Year !! Season Title !! Story based on !! Director
|-
| 2018 || Season 1 || "Manhattane Moonstone" || Anirban Mallik
|-
| 2018 || Season 2 || "Manhattan ey Man hunt" || Anupam Hari
|-
| 2019 || Season 3 || "Dhaka Rahasyo Unmochito" || Abhijit Chowdhury
|-
| 2020 || Season 4 || "Ekenbabu O Barman Bari Rahasya" || Joydip Mukherjee & Surajit Chatterjee
|-
| 2021 || Season 5 || "Sankhyar Sanket" || Anirban Mallik
|-
| 2022 || Season 6 || "Asol Khunir Sondhane" || Joydip Mukherjee
|-
| 2023 || Season 7 || "Khuner Age Khuni Khoja" || Joydeep Mukherjee
|-
| 2025 || Season 8 || "Nrityoshilpir Mrityu Tadonte Ekenbabu" || Joydip Mukherjee
|-
|2026
|Season 9
|"Bhoyonkor Chithi"
|Joydeep Mukherjee
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasgupta, Sujan}}

[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Ekenbabu| ]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:American Hindus]]

Udaipur Rural Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:45Z

Bruce06828: new

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Udaipur Rural
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-152-Udaipur Rural.svg
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 152
| district = [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Phool Singh Meena]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = {{formatnum:285214}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
}}
'''Udaipur Rural Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises parts of [[Girwa tehsil]], in [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name=delimitation2008/> As of 2023, its representative is [[Phool Singh Meena]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|2}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Nand Lal<ref name="election2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/udaipur-rural.html?utm_source=from_actrack|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Udaipur Rural Assembly Constituency |publisher= elections.in |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Bheru Lal<ref name="election2024-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/udaipur-rural.html?utm_source=from_actrack|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Udaipur Rural Assembly Constituency |publisher= elections.in |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Khem Raj Katara
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Chunnilal Garasiya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| [[Chunnilal Garasiya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| Khem Raj Katara
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Vandna Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-

|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Sajjan Katara<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=3|[[Phool Singh Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="election2023-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/udaipur-rural-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470767-2023-12-03 |title=Udaipur Rural Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Phool Singh Meena with 103039 defeats INC's Dr. Vivek Katara |date= |author= |access-date= 24 December 2023}}</ref>
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Udaipur Rural<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Phool Singh Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:103039}}
|percentage = 48.03
|change = -3.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vivek Katara
|votes = {{formatnum:75694}}
|percentage = 35.28
|change = -6.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharat Adivasi Party
|candidate = Amit Kumar Kharadi
|votes = {{formatnum:25172}}
|percentage = 11.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Khemaraj Katara
|votes = {{formatnum:2173}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change = +0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Gebi Lal Damor
|votes = {{formatnum:1963}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change = -1.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2703}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change = -0.91
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:27345}}
|percentage = 12.75
|change = +2.88
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:214545}}
|percentage = 75.22
|change = +1.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Udaipur Rural<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Phool Singh Meena
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:97382}}
|percentage = 51.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vivek Katara
|votes = {{formatnum:78675}}
|percentage = 41.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Ghanshyam Singh Tawar
|votes = {{formatnum:4055}}
|percentage = 2.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Prabhu Lal Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:2092}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Laxman
|votes = {{formatnum:1737}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4108}}
|percentage = 2.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18707}}
|percentage = 9.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:189570}}
|percentage = 73.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Udaipur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}
{{coord|24.49|73.84|display=title}}

[[Category:Udaipur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Darba Kalan Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:49:34Z

Bruce06828: new!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Darba Kalan Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
|state = [[Haryana]]
|established = 1977
|abolished = 2005
|electors = 1,39,156
|mla = Bharat Singh
|party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Darba Kalan''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Jagdish Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Bahadur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Vidya Beniwal || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Mani Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=2 | Vidya Devi || {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Bharat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=61,002 |percentage=51.47% |change={{increase}}24.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Beniwal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=49,558 |percentage=41.81% |change={{decrease}}6.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajvir |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,890 |percentage=3.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suman |party=Independent politician |votes=1,513 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,336 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akash |party=Independent politician |votes=637 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,444 |percentage=9.66% |change= {{decrease}}12.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,18,524 |percentage=85.17% |change= {{increase}}3.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,39,156 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.86 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}2.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Devi |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=48,438 |percentage=48.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. K.V.Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,371 |percentage=26.48% |change={{increase}}6.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parhalad Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=16,697 |percentage=16.76% |change={{decrease}}21.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pala Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=7,176 |percentage=7.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,067 |percentage=22.16% |change= {{increase}}21.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,596 |percentage=81.99% |change= {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,221 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.92 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Samata Party |swing= {{increase}}10.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Devi |party=Samata Party |votes=36,944 |percentage=38.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prahlad Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=36,750 |percentage=38.31% |change={{increase}}28.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K.V. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,602 |percentage=20.43% |change={{decrease}}18.58 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=194 |percentage=0.20% |change= {{decrease}}7.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=95,937 |percentage=84.49% |change= {{increase}}10.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,17,609 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=35,981 |percentage=46.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,938 |percentage=39.01% |change={{increase}}8.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhadar Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=7,864 |percentage=10.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,590 |percentage=2.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ham Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=633 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,043 |percentage=7.87% |change= {{decrease}}29.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=76,746 |percentage=73.07% |change= {{decrease}}7.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,07,468 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}20.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Beniwal |party=Lokdal |votes=52,394 |percentage=67.69% |change={{increase}}22.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bahadar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,263 |percentage=30.06% |change={{decrease}}19.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=606 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=401 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,131 |percentage=37.64% |change= {{increase}}33.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,398 |percentage=79.73% |change= {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,239 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}18.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bahadur Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,572 |percentage=49.21% |change={{increase}}21.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish |party=Lokdal |votes=27,983 |percentage=45.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khayali Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,120 |percentage=1.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan |party=Independent politician |votes=927 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indraj |party=Independent politician |votes=461 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhanpat Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=363 |percentage=0.58% |change={{decrease}}26.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,589 |percentage=4.17% |change= {{decrease}}5.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,122 |percentage=78.70% |change= {{increase}}8.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,257 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}12.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Darba Kalan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=17,860 |percentage=37.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bahadar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,221 |percentage=27.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nihal Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=12,876 |percentage=26.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satman Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=3,418 |percentage=7.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Singh |party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes=772 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,639 |percentage=9.64% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,147 |percentage=69.60% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,888 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Haryana}}
{{coords|29.41|75.12|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2005]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:2005 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

Jamshedpur West Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:51:42Z

Bruce06828: created info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jharkhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Saryu Roy.jpg
| name = Jamshedpur West
| map_image = Jamshedpur West constituency map.svg
| state = [[Jharkhand]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jamshedpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jamshedpur]]
| established = 1967
| district = [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]]
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Banna Gupta]] [[File:Indian National Congress logo.svg|20px]] {{Party index link|Indian National Congress }}
| mla = [[Saryu Roy]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| electors = {{formatnum:357169}}
| constituency_no = 49
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
'''Jamshedpur West''' is one of the [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituencies which make up [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]] Lok Sabha seat in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]]. Saryu Roy from Janata Dal (United) is the current MLA of this constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Jamshedpur West Chunav Result 2024: जेडीयू प्रत्याशी सरयू राय जीते, कांग्रेस के बन्ना गुप्ता हारे |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-west-chunav-result-2024-live-jharkhand-assembly-election-saryu-rai-vs-banna-gupta-livenews-8851075.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
{{Pie chart|caption=Most successful parties after separate [[Jharkhand|Jharkhand state]].|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|value1=40|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|value2=40|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|label3=[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]|value3=20|color3={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}

==Overview==
According to the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India, Jamshedpur West Assembly constituency covers Jamshdepur Notified Area (excluding ward numbers 20 and 23 to 40). Jamshedpur West Assembly constituency is a part of [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf | title = Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 | work = East Singhbhum District Page 169-170, Extent of Parliamentary constitutencies Page 174 | publisher =Election Commission of India | access-date = 11 December 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 1967: see [[Jamshedpur Assembly constituency]]''}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] ||C. Vyas<ref>https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Jamshedpur-west-in-bihar {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317083137/https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Jamshedpur-west-in-bihar |date=17 March 2023 }} Previous Year's Election Results in Jamshedpur West, bihar</ref> ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]] ||[[Sunil Mukherjee]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]] ||[[Ram Avatar Singh]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] ||Mohd. Ayub Khan
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||Md. Samsuddin Khan ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]] ||[[Mrigendra Pratap Singh]] ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] ||Md. Hasan Rizvi ||{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]] ||rowspan="2"|[[Mrigendra Pratap Singh]] ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
! colspan=4|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] ||[[Saryu Roy]]<ref>https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Jamshedpur-west-in-Jharkhand {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317083117/https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Jamshedpur-west-in-Jharkhand |date=17 March 2023 }} Previous Year's Election Results in Jamshedpur West, Jharkhand</ref> ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]] ||[[Banna Gupta]] ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]] ||[[Saryu Roy]] ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]] ||[[Banna Gupta]] ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Saryu Roy]] ||{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamshedpur West<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Saryu Roy (politician)|Saryu Roy]] |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=1,03,631 |percentage=46.74 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Banna Gupta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=95,768 |percentage=43.19 |change={{decrease}}7.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rashid Hussain |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes=4,787 |percentage=2.16 |change={{decrease}}2.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shambhu Nath Choudhary |party=Independent politician |votes=2,280 |percentage=1.03 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikas Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,247 |percentage=1.01 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,561 |percentage=0.70 |change={{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,863 |percentage=3.55 |change= {{decrease}}8.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,21,722 |percentage=57.29 |change= {{increase}}3.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,86,988 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal (United) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.54 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamshedpur West<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Banna Gupta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=96,778 |percentage=50.28 |change={{increase}}5.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Nath Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=74,195 |percentage=38.55 |change={{decrease}}11.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Reyaz Sharif |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes=8,005 |percentage=4.16 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naresh Kumar Tandiya |party=Independent politician |votes=2,949 |percentage=1.53 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shambhu Nath Choudhary |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,905 |percentage=0.99 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brijesh Singh |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=1,768 |percentage=0.92 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pankaj Kumar |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=1,040 |percentage=0.54 |change={{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,892 |percentage=0.98 |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,583 |percentage=11.73 |change= {{increase}}6.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,92,476 |percentage=53.89 |change= {{decrease}}5.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,57,169 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.43 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamshedpur West<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Saryu Roy (politician)|Saryu Roy]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=95,346 |percentage=49.85 |change={{increase}}7.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Banna Gupta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=84,829 |percentage=44.35 |change={{decrease}}0.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Upendra Singh |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=2,899 |percentage=1.52 |change={{decrease}}5.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Firoz Khan |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=1,776 |percentage=0.93 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahmood Ali |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,120 |percentage=0.59 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,200 |percentage=0.63 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,517 |percentage=5.50 |change= {{increase}}2.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,91,278 |percentage=59.67 |change= {{increase}}17.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,20,568 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.55 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamshedpur West<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Banna Gupta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,638 |percentage=45.29 |change={{increase}}32.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Saryu Roy (politician)|Saryu Roy]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=52,341 |percentage=42.61 |change={{increase}}10.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Karmakar |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=8,002 |percentage=6.51 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Firoz Khan |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=2,030 |percentage=1.65 |change={{decrease}}2.15 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,297 |percentage=2.68 |change= {{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,22,839 |percentage=42.15 |change= {{decrease}}5.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,91,414 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.75 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}13.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamshedpur West<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Saryu Roy (politician)|Saryu Roy]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=47,428 |percentage=32.29 |change={{decrease}}12.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Banna Gupta]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=34,733 |percentage=23.65 |change={{increase}}3.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hedayatullah Khan |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=34,124 |percentage=23.23 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ayesha Ahmad |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,269 |percentage=13.12 |change={{decrease}}7.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mrigendra Pratap Singh]] |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=5,588 |percentage=3.80 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Ku Patro |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,131 |percentage=0.77 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siya Sharan Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,122 |percentage=0.76 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,695 |percentage=8.64 |change= {{decrease}}15.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,46,865 |percentage=48.00 |change= {{increase}}1.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,05,950 |ref = |change= {{increase}}31.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.83 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamshedpur West<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mrigendra Pratap Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=49,413 |percentage=45.13 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsudin Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,669 |percentage=20.70 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Banna Gupta]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=22,568 |percentage=20.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Naushad |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=10,849 |percentage=9.91 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ayub Khan |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |votes=1,444 |percentage=1.32 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak Kumar Agrawal |party=Shiv Sena |votes=1,004 |percentage=0.92 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sekhar Bhusan Nag |party=Independent politician |votes=647 |percentage=0.59 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,744 |percentage=24.42 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,09,499 |percentage=47.30 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,33,258 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Vidhan Sabha]]
* [[List of states of India by type of legislature]]
* [[Jamshedpur East Assembly constituency]]
* [[Jamshedpur Assembly constituency]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the [[Election Commission of India]] [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf]

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

{{coord|22.793|86.112|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:East Singhbhum district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]

Atraulia Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:14Z

Bruce06828: Creating a pg w/ infobox

{{short description|Assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Atrauliya
| constituency_no = 343
| map_image = 343-Atraulia.svg
| mla = [[Sangram Yadav]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
}}
'''[[Atraulia]]''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the town of [[Atraulia|Atrauliya]] in the [[Azamgarh district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].

[[Atraulia]] is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Lalganj Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 343 amongst 403 constituencies.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" width="80%" style="font-size: x-big;"
|-
!Scope=col|#
!scope=col|Term
!scope=col|Member of Legislative Assembly
!scope=col|Party
!scope=col|From
!scope=col|To
!scope=col|Days
!scope=col|Comment
|-
| 01|| [[2nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|2nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Padmakar || [[Praja Socialist Party]] || April 1957|| March 1962 ||1,800 ||
|-
| 02|| [[3rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|3rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Brij Bihari || [[Indian National Congress]] || March 1962|| March 1967 ||1,828 ||
|-
| 03|| [[4th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|4th Vidhan Sabha]] || Markande || [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] || March 1967|| April 1968 ||402 || <ref name="1967 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 04|| [[5th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|5th Vidhan Sabha]] ||rowspan="2"| Jang Bahadur Singh|| rowspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress]] || February 1969 ||March 1974 || 1,832||<ref name="1969 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 05|| [[6th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|6th Vidhan Sabha]] || March 1974 ||April 1977 || 1,153||<ref name="1974 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 06|| [[7th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|7th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Durg Vijai Singh || June 1977 ||February 1980 || 969||<ref name="1977 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 07|| [[8th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|8th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Shambhu Nath|| [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] || June 1980 ||March 1985 ||1,735||<ref name="1980 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 08|| [[9th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|9th Vidhan Sabha]] ||rowspan="4"|[[Balram Yadav]]|| [[Lokdal]] || March 1985 ||November 1989 || 1,725||<ref name="1985 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 09|| [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] ||[[Janata Dal]] ||December 1989 ||April 1991 ||488||<ref name="1989 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 10|| [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]]||[[Janata Party]]|| June 1991 ||December 1992 ||533||<ref name="1991 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 11|| [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]]||[[Samajwadi Party]]||December 1993 ||October 1995 ||693||<ref name="1993 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 12|| [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || Vibhuti Prasad Nishad|| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || October 1996 ||March 2002 || 1,967||<ref name="1996 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 13|| [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Balram Yadav]]||[[Samajwadi Party]]|| February 2002 ||May 2007 || 1,902||<ref name="2002 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 14|| [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] ||Surendra Prasad Mishra|| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || May 2007 ||March 2012 ||1,736||<ref name="2007 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 15|| [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] ||rowspan="3"|[[Sangram Yadav]]||rowspan="3"|[[Samajwadi Party]]|| March 2012 ||March 2017 || 1,829||<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=8 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 16|| [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]]||March 2017 || March 2022 || 1,819 ||<ref name="election2017">{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/UP/10.Detailed%20Results.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh 2017 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|17
|[[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]]
|March 2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in days|2022|03|25}}
|
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Atraulia<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Sangram Yadav]]
|votes = {{formatnum:91502}}
|percentage = 39.55
|change = +4.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Prashant Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:74255}}
|percentage = 32.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Saroj Kumar Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:51293}}
|percentage = 22.17
|change = -4.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|candidate = Saurabh Nishad
|votes = {{formatnum:3693}}
|percentage = 1.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra Dubey
|votes = {{formatnum:2212}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Umesh Kumar Maurya
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2181}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1402}}
|percentage = 0.61
|change = -0.34
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:17247}}
|percentage = 7.45
|change = +6.28
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:231341}}
|percentage = 60.86
|change = +2.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Sangram Yadav]] won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate Kanhaiya Lal Nishad by a margin of 2,467 votes.<ref name="election2017-1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/atraulia.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Atraulia<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sangram Yadav]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:74276}}
|percentage = 35.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kanhaiya Lal Nishad
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:71809}}
|percentage = 34.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Akhand Pratap Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:56536}}
|percentage = 26.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Triloki Nath
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:2730}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1980}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2467}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:211210}}
|percentage = 58.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}
{{coord|26.33|82.95|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Shahapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:35:01Z

Bruce06828: stub

{{short description|Vidhana Sabha constituency in Karnataka}}
{{Other places|Shahpur (disambiguation){{!}}Shahpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Shahapura
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 37
| map_image = 37-Shahapur, Karnataka constituency.svg
| mla = [[Sharanabassappa Darshanapur]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Guru Patil Shiraval
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = SharanabasappaGouda Darsahanapur Minister.jpg
| electors = {{formatnum:238979}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
[[File:Shahapur Vidhana Sabha constituency Map.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Shahapura Assembly constituency.jpg|thumb|]]
'''Shahapur Assembly constituency''' is one of the seats in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It is a segment of [[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= 9 October 2017}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="2" | Virupakshappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Mahantswami Verupakshaya || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || R. V. N. R. K. Naik
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 elections in India#Mysore|1967 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 13 March 1967}} || rowspan="2" | Bapu Gowda Rayappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Shivanna Sawoor || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Bapugouda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Guru Patil Shirwal || {{Full party name with color|Karnataka Janata Paksha}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 78,353 |percentage = 47.00% |change = {{decrease}}3.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ameenraddi Yalagi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,326 |percentage = 31.39% |change = {{increase}}0.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Guru Patil Shirwal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 30,396 |percentage = 18.23% |change = {{increase}}3.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekhar Sabayya |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,320 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,252 |percentage = 0.75% |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,027 |percentage = 15.61% |change = {{decrease}}4.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 166,776 |percentage = 69.79% |change = {{increase}}0.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 166,714}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 238,979 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 78,642 |percentage = 50.27% |change = {{increase}}9.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Guru Patil Shirwal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 47,668 |percentage = 30.47% |change = {{increase}}29.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ameenraddi Yalagi |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 23,329 |percentage = 14.91% |change = {{increase}}4.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Azam Ali |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 1,767 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,422 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manohar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,197 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basawaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,017 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 30,974 |percentage = 19.80% |change = {{increase}}14.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,577 |percentage = 69.34% |change = {{increase}}1.74 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 156,430}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225,803 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.06 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Karnataka Janata Paksha |swing = {{increase}}4.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Guru Patil Shirwal |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 54,924 |percentage = 45.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,128 |percentage = 41.02% |change = {{decrease}}5.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharanappa Saladapur |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 12,159 |percentage = 10.15% |change = {{decrease}}25.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amaranna |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,225 |percentage = 1.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,128 |percentage = 1.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankaranna. G. Vanikyal |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 1,796 |percentage = 1.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veerannagouda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,484 |percentage = 1.24% |change = {{decrease}}10.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Anvar Pasha |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,138 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Appasaheb Gouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,070 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,796 |percentage = 4.84% |change = {{decrease}}6.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 127,143 |percentage = 67.60% |change = {{increase}}9.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 119,778}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,076 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.07 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Karnataka Janata Paksha |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,343 |percentage = 46.71% |change = {{increase}}13.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 36,207 |percentage = 35.72% |change = {{decrease}}15.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Mallannagouda Patil Ukkinal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,464 |percentage = 11.31% |change = {{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,135 |percentage = 3.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bheemaraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,969 |percentage = 1.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahanthgouda Maddaraki |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,239 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,136 |percentage = 10.99% |change = {{decrease}}7.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 101,415 |percentage = 58.27% |change = {{decrease}}2.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 101,357}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 174,033 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}9.57 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}4.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 59,310 |percentage = 51.00% |change = {{increase}}47.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,080 |percentage = 32.75% |change = {{decrease}}18.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Mallannagouda Patil Ukkinal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 13,120 |percentage = 11.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkateshwar S. Rathod |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 2,546 |percentage = 2.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanamanth |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,980 |percentage = 1.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bheemaraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,255 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,230 |percentage = 18.26% |change = {{increase}}10.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 116,314 |percentage = 60.44% |change = {{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 116,291}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,447 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.87 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,963 |percentage = 50.90% |change = {{increase}}20.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 40,339 |percentage = 42.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raja Venkatappa Nayak |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,921 |percentage = 3.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaraj Jagappa Alabnur |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,595 |percentage = 1.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Sharanappa Desai Kembhavi |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,421 |percentage = 1.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,624 |percentage = 8.09% |change = {{decrease}}7.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 98,191 |percentage = 61.16% |change = {{decrease}}1.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 94,239}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,952 |percentage = 4.02% |change = {{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,544 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.73 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanabasappa Darshanapur]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 40,984 |percentage = 46.42% |change = {{increase}}27.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivashekareppa Gouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,158 |percentage = 30.76% |change = {{decrease}}17.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharnappa Mallappa Saladpur |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 9,297 |percentage = 10.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadevappa Gouda Ekchinti |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,213 |percentage = 4.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ahmed Hussain Anwari Gogi |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,093 |percentage = 3.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basawaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,335 |percentage = 1.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somashekhaar Bassappa |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,006 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharmareddy. B. Patil |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 962 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,826 |percentage = 15.66% |change = {{decrease}}10.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,496 |percentage = 62.54% |change = {{increase}}5.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,293}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,203 |percentage = 3.50% |change = {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,305 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.94 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,067 |percentage = 48.41% |change = {{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ningangouda Desai Hadnoor |party = Janata Party |votes = 15,982 |percentage = 22.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ayyanna Kanne Kollur |party = Janata Dal |votes = 13,440 |percentage = 18.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharnappa Mallappa Saladpur |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 6,588 |percentage = 9.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balappa Dhundappa Irawwagol |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,359 |percentage = 1.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,085 |percentage = 26.35% |change = {{increase}}17.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,634 |percentage = 57.28% |change = {{decrease}}6.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,436}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,198 |percentage = 6.70% |change = {{increase}}3.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,537 |ref = |change = {{increase}}29.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivashekharappagouda Sirwal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,540 |percentage = 51.60% |change = {{increase}}8.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bapugouda Darshanapur |party = Janata Party |votes = 27,785 |percentage = 42.74% |change = {{decrease}}14.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Ramesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,857 |percentage = 4.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. G. Hadapad |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 824 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,755 |percentage = 8.85% |change = {{decrease}}4.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,025 |percentage = 63.90% |change = {{increase}}3.11 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,006}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,019 |percentage = 3.01% |change = {{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,893 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.66 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}5.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bapugouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 31,089 |percentage = 56.86% |change = {{increase}}23.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanna Sawoor |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,583 |percentage = 43.14% |change = {{increase}}39.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,506 |percentage = 13.73% |change = {{decrease}}13.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,110 |percentage = 60.79% |change = {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,672}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,438 |percentage = 4.27% |change = {{decrease}}1.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,940 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.68 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}3.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanna Sawoor |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 29,132 |percentage = 59.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Inayatur Rahman Ataur Rahman Siddigi |party = Janata Party |votes = 16,098 |percentage = 33.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huligyyagouda Son Of Ramayya Gouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,009 |percentage = 4.13% |change = {{decrease}}42.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimappa Siddappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,362 |percentage = 2.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,034 |percentage = 26.82% |change = {{increase}}19.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,422 |percentage = 60.04% |change = {{increase}}7.44 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,601}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,821 |percentage = 5.49% |change = {{increase}}5.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,651 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.80 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing = {{increase}}6.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bapu Gowda Rayappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 19,575 |percentage = 53.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. G. Ramayyagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,819 |percentage = 46.21% |change = {{decrease}}14.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,756 |percentage = 7.57% |change = {{decrease}}13.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,924 |percentage = 52.60% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,394}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,097 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 elections in India#Mysore|1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bapu Gowda Rayappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,184 |percentage = 60.60% |change = {{increase}}11.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. G. V. Pati |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 15,073 |percentage = 39.40% |change = {{decrease}}11.31 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,111 |percentage = 21.20% |change = {{increase}}19.78 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,257}}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Swatantra Party |swing = {{increase}}9.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = R. V. N. R. K. Naik |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 17,864 |percentage = 50.71% |change = {{decrease}}8.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Rayappagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,364 |percentage = 49.29% |change = {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 500 |percentage = 1.42% |change = {{decrease}}17.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,669 |percentage = 58.79% |change = {{increase}}21.00 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,228}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,077 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.33 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Swatantra Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahantswami Verupakshaya |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 11,915 |percentage = 59.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Virupakshappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,094 |percentage = 40.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,821 |percentage = 19.10% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 21,369 |percentage = 37.79% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 20,009}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,540 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Swatantra Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link |candidate = Virupakshappa |party = Indian National Congress |percentage = |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,710 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shahpur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Virupakshappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,976 |percentage = 88.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimsen Rao |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 1,428 |percentage = 11.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,548 |percentage = 76.98% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 12,404 |percentage = 25.68% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 12,404}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,295 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Yadgir district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
{{coords|16.70|76.84|display=title}}

Sri Ganganagar–Tiruchirappalli Humsafar Express

2026-04-12T08:55:38Z

Bruce06828: new

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 20B2AA
| name = Sri Ganganagar – Tiruchirappalli Humsafar Express
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image =
| image_width =
| caption = SGNR - TPJ Humsafar express trainboard
| type = [[Humsafar Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2017|2|27}}<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Minister of Railways Flags off Country's first Antyodaya Express running between Ernakulam - Howrah|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=158709|work=[[Government of India]]|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=27 February 2017}}</ref> ({{small|Inaugural run}})
| last =
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Shri Ganganagar Junction}} ('''SGNR''')
| stops = 35
| end = {{rws|Tiruchirappalli Junction}} ('''TPJ''')
| distance = {{convert|3116|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 58h 25m
| frequency = Weekly{{efn|Runs once in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 3 tier
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Pantry Car On-board Catering E-Catering
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach|LHB Humsafar]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 22497 / 22498
| speed = {{cvt|53.2|km/h}}, including halts
| map = [[File:(Sri Ganganagar - Tiruchchirapalli) Humsafar Express route map.png|300px]] {{Sri Ganganagar–Tiruchchirappalli Humsafar Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The 22497 / 22498 '''Sri Ganganagar – Tiruchirappalli Humsafar Express''' is a [[Express trains in India|superfast express train]] of the Indian Railways connecting [[Sri Ganganagar]] to [[Tiruchirappalli]], providing connectivity to [[Rajasthan]] from Central [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the 4th Humsafar Express train which is introduced in the [[Humsafar Express]] Series. It is currently being operated with the train numbers 22497/22498 on a weekly basis. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, it ran as a special service which is numbered as 02497/02498.

== Service==

[[File:The Union Minister for Railways, Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu flagging off the Humsafar Express (Train No. 1471514716) Sriganganagar - Tiruchirappalli, at a function, through Video Conferencing from Rail Bhavan, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|The Union Minister for Railways, Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu flagging off the Humsafar Express Sriganganagar – Tiruchirappalli, at a function, through Video Conferencing from Rail Bhavan, in New Delhi on February 27, 2017.]]

It averages {{cvt|53|km/h}} as 22497/Sri Ganganagar - Tiruchchirappalli Humsafar Express starts on Tuesday and covering {{cvt|3116|km}} in 58h 25m and {{cvt|54|km/h}} as 22498/Tiruchchirapalli - Sriganganagar HumSafar Express starts on Thursday covering {{cvt|3114|km}} in 57h 55m.<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=158709 Minister of Railways Flags off Country's first Antyodaya Express running between Ernakulam - Howrah]</ref> The rakes have primary maintenance at Sri Ganganagar and the rakes also have secondary maintenance at Tiruchirappalli.

==Timings==

22497 - leaves [[Shri Ganganagar Junction railway station|Shri Ganganagar Jn]] every '''Tuesday''' at 2:00 PM and reach [[Tiruchirappalli Junction railway station|Tiruchchirappalli Junction]] on '''Thursday''' at 11:20 AM IST

22498 - Leaves [[Tiruchirappalli Junction railway station|Tiruchchirappalli Junction]] Every '''Friday''' and reach [[Shri Ganganagar Junction railway station|Shri Ganganagar Jn]] on '''Sunday''' at afternoon 13:40 PM IST

==Coach composition ==

The train is completely a 3-tier AC sleeper train designed by [[Indian Railways]] with features of LED screen display to show information about stations, train speed etc. and will have announcement system as well, Vending machines for tea, coffee and milk, Bio toilets in compartments as well as CCTV cameras.

The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of {{cvt|130|km/h}}. The train consists of 19 coaches :

* 16 AC III Tier
* 1 Pantry Car
* 2 End-on Generator

==Route and halts==

{{columns-list|* '''Shri Ganganagar Junction'''
* {{rws|Hanumangarh Junction}}
* {{rws|Suratgarh Junction}}
* {{rws|Bikaner}}
* {{rws|Jodhpur}}
* {{rws|Marwar Junction}}
* {{rws|Abu Road}}
* {{rws|Palanpur Junction}}
* {{rws|Mahesana Junction}}
* {{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{rws|Nadiad Junction}}
* {{rws|Anand Junction}}
* {{rws|Vadodara Junction}}
* {{rws|Bharuch Junction}}
* {{rws|Surat}}
* {{rws|Vasai Road}}
* {{rws|Kalyan Junction}}
* {{rws|Lonavala}}
* {{rws|Pune Junction}}
* {{rws|Satara}}
* {{rws|Sangli}}
* {{rws|Miraj Junction}}
* {{rws|Belagavi}}
* {{rws|Dharwad}}
* {{rws|Hubli Junction}}
* {{rws|Harihar}}
* {{rws|Davangere}}
* {{rws|Birur Junction}}
* {{rws|Arsikere Junction}}
* {{rws|Banaswadi}}
* {{rws|Krishnarajapuram}}
* {{rws|Bangarapet Junction}}
* {{rws|Salem Junction}}
* {{rws|Namakkal}}
* {{rws|Karur Junction}}
* '''Tiruchirappalli Junction'''|colwidth=15em}}

== Traction ==

As the entire route is fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] based [[WAP 5]] / [[WAP 7]] electric locomotive from [[Shri Ganganagar Junction railway station|Shri Ganganagar]] to [[Pune Railway Station|Pune]] and from [[ Pune Railway Station|Pune]] to [[Tiruchchirappalli Junction railway station|Tiruchirapalli]] It is hauled by a [[WDP4D]] from [[Pune|Pune Diesel Loco Shed]] and vice-versa .

== Direction reversal==

Train Reverses its direction 1 times:

* {{rws|Hanumangarh Junction}}

== Future plans, proposals and demands ==
In order to generate more revenue and to serve more people, this train service is planned to extend till [[Madurai Junction railway station|Madurai Junction]] from Tiruchirappalli via [[Dindigul Junction railway station|Dindigul]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Railway proposes 14 new trains in Tamil Nadu and Kerala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/jul/18/southern-railway-plans-to-introduce-14-new-trains-in-tamil-nadu-and-kerala-2171340.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

There are prolonged demands to extend this train till [[Kanniyakumari Terminus railway station|kanyakumari]] as there is no direct train connection from [[Rajasthan]] to religious destination Kanyakumari. Similarly there are also prolonged demands to operate more train services from southern region of [[Tamil Nadu]] such as Madurai, [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli]] to places like [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station|Ahamedabad]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune]] and [[Bangalore]] as the existing train services are not enough to cater the needs of the people in these routes. So there is a strong demands from various regions of people to extend this train till kanyakumari or to [[Rameswaram railway station|Rameswaram]] as this train runs vacant mostly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-03 |title=NWR Extends various Trains {{!}} Weekly Humsafar Express to Rameshwaram from Belagavi soon. - Belagavi News |url=https://belagavinews.co.in/nwr-extends-various-trains-weekly-humsafar-express-to-rameshwaram-from-belagavi-soon/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Humsafar Express]]
* [[Tiruchirappalli Junction railway station]]
* [[Shri Ganganagar Junction railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-sri-ganganagar-tiruchchirappalli-humsafar-express-14715/52220/2104/787 14715/Sri Ganganagar - Tiruchchirappalli HumSafar Express]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/tiruchchirapalli-sriganganagar-humsafar-express-14716/52221/787/2104 14716/Tiruchchirapalli - Sriganganagar HumSafar Express]

{{Humsafar Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shri Ganganagar - Tiruchirappalli Humsafar Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Sri Ganganagar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2017]]
[[Category:Humsafar Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]

2025 Raipur Municipal Corporation election

2026-04-07T15:16:03Z

Bruce06828: Creating some data basic info

{{Short description|Election to the municipal corporation of Raipur, Chhattisgarh in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2025 Raipur Municipal Corporation election
| country = India
| type = Legislative
| ongoing =
| previous_election =
| previous_year = [[Raipur Municipal Corporation#2019–20 Raipur Local Body elections|2019]]
| election_date = 11 February 2025
| next_election =
| next_year = 2030
| seats_for_election = All 70 seats in the [[Raipur Municipal Corporation]]
| majority_seats = 36
| turnout = 49.58% ({{decrease}} 28.42pp)

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Lotus flower symbol.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Meenal Choubey]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh urban body polls: BJP declares candidates for all 10 mayoral seats |url=https://bansalnews.com/cg-bjp-raipur-mayor-candidate-meenal-choubey-snj/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Bansal News |language=hi}}</ref>
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leaders_seat1 =
| last_election1 = 29
| colour1 =
| seats1 = '''60'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 31
| popular_vote1 = '''315,835'''
| percentage1 = '''62.03%'''
| swing1 =

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Hand INC.svg||bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=16|oTop=0}}
| colour2 =
| leader2 = Deepti Pramod Dubey<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-01-27 |title=Chhattisgarh urban body polls: Congress announces candidates for all 10 mayoral seats |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/chhattisgarh/raipur/cg-nikay-chunav-news-congress-announced-10-mayor-seats-candidates-see-list-dipti-dubey-against-meenal-choubey/articleshow/117605710.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=Navbharat Times |language=hi |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leaders_seat2 =
| last_election2 = 34
| seats2 = 07
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 27
| popular_vote2 = 162,545
| percentage2 = 31.92%
| swing2 =
| map_image = India Raipur, Chhattisgarh Municipal Corporation 2025.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = Structure of [[Raipur Municipal Corporation]] after the election

| title = Mayor
| before_election = Aijaz Dhebar
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Meenal Choubey]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

The 2025 [[Raipur Municipal Corporation]] (RMC) election were held on '''[[2025 Chhattisgarh local bodies elections|February 11, 2025]]''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=CG Nikay Chunav 2025: छत्तीसगढ़ निकाय चुनाव, जारी हो रही उम्मीदवारों की सूची, देखें BJP-Congress ने किसे दिया मौका.. |url=https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/cg-election-chhattisgarh-civic-elections-list-of-candidates-is-out-see-who-bjp-and-congress-gave-a-chance-to-19350594 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaiser |first=Ejaz |date=2025-01-20 |title=Chhattisgarh announces dates for urban bodies, 3-tier panchayat polls |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Jan/20/chhattisgarh-announces-dates-for-urban-bodies-panchayat-polls |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> to elect the mayor and councilors who will govern [[Raipur]], the capital city of [[Chhattisgarh]], India. This election was part of the broader municipal elections taking place across the state. The counting for the votes and results were declared on '''[[2025 Chhattisgarh local bodies elections|February 15, 2025]]'''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-01-20 |title=Chhattisgarh urban and panchayat bodies to go to polls in February |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-urban-and-panchayat-bodies-to-go-to-polls-in-february/article69121189.ece |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=छत्तीसगढ़ में आचार संहिता लागू, जानें कब, कहां और कैसे होंगे मतदान, सिंगल क्लिक में पूरी डिटेल |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/chhattisgarh/raipur/chhattisgarh-civic-and-panchayat-elections-2025-dates-phases-and-complete-details-in-one-click/articleshow/117410861.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] delivered a remarkable performance in the Municipal Corporation elections. In the mayoral race, BJP candidate [[Meenal Choubey]] defeated INC candidate Deepti Pramod Dubey by 1.25 lakh votes, marking the largest victory margin in the entire [[2025 Chhattisgarh local bodies elections|Chhattisgarh municipal elections]]. BJP secured a landslide victory, winning 60 out of 70 wards and making a strong comeback in the corporation after 15 years. The Indian National Congress, which had been in power for the past 15 years, managed to win only 7 wards. Several prominent Congress leaders, including former Mayor Aijaz Dhebar and former MIC member Satnam Singh Panag, lost from their respective wards. Additionally, independent candidates secured victories in three other wards.

In March 2025, an independent councilor joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), increasing the party's strength in the corporation to 61.<ref>{{Cite news |title=रायपुर नगर निगम परिषद: सूर्यकांत बने नए सभापति, कांग्रेस ने नहीं उतारा कोई भी प्रत्‍याशी, निर्विरोध चुने गए राठौर |url=https://bansalnews.com/raipur-municipal-corporation-bjp-councilor-meeting-suryakant-rathore-chairman-snj/ }}</ref> Later another independent councillor Aakash Tiwari rejoined INC, increasing the latter strength to 8 in the corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahu |first=Sudhir |date=2025-03-19 |title=निष्कासित नेता आकाश तिवारी की कांग्रेस में वापसी, बागी होकर लड़ा था पार्षद चुनाव |url=https://lalluram.com/expelled-leader-akash-tiwari-returns-to-congress-had-rebelled-and-contested-councillor-election/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Lalluram |language=hi}}</ref>

== Background ==
The Raipur Municipal Corporation is responsible for the civic administration and infrastructure development of Raipur. Established in 1867 as the Raipur Municipal Committee, it was upgraded to a Municipal Corporation in 1973. The corporation comprises 70 wards, each represented by an elected councilor. The mayor, who leads the corporation, was traditionally elected indirectly by the councilors. However, in December 2024, the Chhattisgarh state cabinet approved a shift to direct elections for mayors and chairpersons of municipal bodies, allowing citizens to elect these positions directly.
On January 7, 2025, the [[Government of Chhattisgarh|state government of Chhattisgarh]] finalized the reservation policy for all local bodies, including the Raipur. As per the policy, the mayoral seat of Raipur has been reserved for women.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaiser |first=Ejaz |date=2024-12-03 |title=Chhattisgarh cabinet nod to direct polls of mayors and civic body |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Dec/03/chhattisgarh-cabinet-nod-to-direct-polls-of-mayors-and-civic-body?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Under the new policy, the distribution of wards is as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=छत्तीसगढ़ मेयर चुनाव में आरक्षण तय, पांच नगर निगमों में महिला बनेंगी महापौर, देखें किस वर्ग के लिए कौन सीट रिजर्व |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/chhattisgarh/raipur/chhattisgarh-mayor-election-reservation-decided-women-become-mayor-in-five-municipal-corporations-see-full-list/articleshow/117016542.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=रायपुर में किस वर्ग का होगा मेयर? सभी निकाय में महापौर के आरक्षण प्रक्रिया को लेकर बड़ा अपडेट |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/chhattisgarh/raipur/nikay-chunav-process-of-mayor-reservation-in-chhattisgarh-will-be-done-on-7th-january-in-raipur-know-the-update/articleshow/117001942.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>
*35 wards reserved for the general category, out of which 11 are reserved for [[One Hundred and Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India|women]]
*23 wards reserved for [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC), with 8 reserved for women
*9 wards reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] (SC)
*3 wards reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] (ST)

== Election schedule ==
The [[Chhattisgarh State Election Commission|State Election Commission]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] announced the dates for election on 17 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-20 |title=Polls in Feb: CG EC announces dates for civic body & panchayat elections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/polls-in-feb-cg-ec-announces-dates-for-civic-body-panchayat-elections/articleshow/117405997.cms |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-01-21 |title=Chhattisgarh Urban And Panchayat Polls From Feb 11; Model Code Of Conduct Comes Into Effect |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/chhattisgarh-urban-and-panchayat-polls-from-feb-11-model-code-of-conduct-comes-into-effect-enn25012102267 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Poll Event
! Schedule
|-
| Notification Date
| 17 January 2025
|-
| Last Date for filing nomination
| 28 January 2025
|-
| Scrutiny of nomination
| 29 January 2025
|-
| Last Date for Withdrawal of nomination
| 31 January 2025
|-
| Allotment of Symbols
| 31 January 2025
|-
| '''Date of Poll'''
|'''11 February 2025'''
|-
| '''Date of Counting of Votes'''
|'''15 February 2025'''
|}

== Candidates ==
=== Mayoral election ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!colspan="3" |Party
!Symbol
!Candidate's Name
|-
! 1
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[File:BJP_flag.svg|center|75x75px]]
| [[File:BJP_election_symbol.png|center|75x75px]]
| [[Meenal Choubey]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh urban body polls: BJP declares candidates for all 10 mayoral seats |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-urban-body-polls-bjp-declares-candidates-for-all-10-mayoral-seats-3373614 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! 2
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:INC_Flag_Official.jpg|center|75x75px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|center|75x75px]]
| Deepti Pramod Dubey<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-01-27 |title=Chhattisgarh urban body polls: Congress announces candidates for all 10 mayoral seats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-urban-body-polls-congress-announces-candidates-for-all-10-mayoral-seats/article69145933.ece |access-date=2025-01-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

=== Constituency (Ward) wise ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

!colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency (Ward)

|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|

|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|

|-

!colspan="3" class="wikitable"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]

!colspan="3" class="wikitable"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]

|-
!1
|[[Veer Savarkar]] Nagar
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Vishal Pandey
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Sandeep Sahu
|-
!2
|[[Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru]] (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bhagwatram Harvansh
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Ghanshyam Kshatri
|-
!3
|[[Kabir|Sant Kabir Das]] (SC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Manmohan Manhare
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Pappu Bagde
|-
!4
|Yati Yatan Lal
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Nandkumar Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Kiran Verma
|-
!5
|Banjari Mata (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Ambika Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Radhika Nagbhushan Rao
|-
!6
|[[Avantibai|Virangana Avantibai]] (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Khagpati Soni
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Radhe Shyam Vibhar
|-
!7
|[[Kushabhau Thakre]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Khemkumar Sen
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Shyam Patel
|-
!8
|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Archi Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Gayatri Chandrakar
|-
!9
|[[Motilal Nehru]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Gopesh Sahoo
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Gavesh Sahu
|-
!10
|[[Rani Laxmibai]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Devdutt Drivedi
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Manoj Verma
|-
!11
|[[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Mohan Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Hemant Patel
|-
!12
|Kalimata (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sadhna Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Priyanka Bhardwaj
|-
!13
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Mahendra Khodiyar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Neetu Ghanshyam Tiwari
|-
!14
|Raman Mandir (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Suryakant Rathore
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Asif Memon
|-
!15
|Kanhaiyalal Banjari (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Rajesh Dewangan
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Ghanshyam Devangan
|-
!16
|[[Shivaji|Veer Shivaji]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Gajju Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Vikas Verma (Baba)
|-
!17
|Thakkar Bapa (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Pramila Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Dineshwari Annu Ram Sahu
|-
!18
|[[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sohan Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Jitendra Sahu
|-
!19
|[[Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Pritam Thakur
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Warren Sahu
|-
!20
|[[Ramakrishna|Ramakrishna Paramahansha]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Aman Thakur
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Shrikumar Menon
|-
!21
|[[Bhagat Singh|Shaheed Bhagat Singh]] (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Gayatri Chandrakar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Kumkum Jha
|-
!22
|Ishvari Charan Shukla (ST)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Meena Thakur
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Neelima Singh
|-
!23
|Shaheed Manmohan Singh Bakshi (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Krishna Bharti
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Ronita Prakash Jagat
|-
!24
|[[Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel]] (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Radhika Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Deep Mani Ram Sahu
|-
!25
|Sant Ramdas (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Bholaram Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Tarun Shrivas
|-
!26
|[[Bhamashah|Danveer Bhamashah]] (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ramheen Kurre
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Rukhmani Sundar Jogi
|-
!27
|[[Indira Gandhi]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Avatar Bagal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Daljeet Chawla
|-
!28
|Shaheed Hemu Kalyani
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Kritika Jain
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| G. Shrinivas
|-
!29
|[[Guru Govind Singh]] (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Kailash Behra
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sewak Mahanand
|-
!30
|Shankar Nagar
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Rajesh Gupta
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Manoj Masand
|-
!31
|[[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]] (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Pushpa Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Disha Dhotre
|-
!32
|[[Valmiki|Maharshi Valmiki]] (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Prabha Vishwakarma
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sangeeta Nishad
|-
!33
|[[Veer Narayan Singh|Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Pradeep Verma
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Pramod Mishra
|-
!34
|[[Ravishankar Shukla]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Gyanchand Chaudhari
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Kamran Ansari
|-
!35
|Abdul Hameed
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ghanshyam Raksel
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sheikh Musir
|-
!36
|Tatyapara (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Shweta Vishwakarma
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Santari Harish Sahu
|-
!37
|Shaheed Chudamani Nayak (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Deepak Jai Sawal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Daulal Sahu
|-
!38
|Swami Atmanand
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Anand Agrawal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Vikas Agrawal
|-
!39
|Thakur Pyarelal (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Suman Pande
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sangeeta Dubey
|-
!40
|[[Deendayal Upadhyay]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Aashu Chandrawanshi
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Shashikant Sahu
|-
!41
|Pt. Sundar Lal Sharma (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sarita Akash Dube
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Bharti Sharma
|-
!42
|Mahant Laxminarayan Das
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Amber Agrawal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Banshi Kannauje
|-
!43
|Bramhan Para (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ajai Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Manoj Sonkar
|-
!44
|[[Swami Vivekanand]] Sadar Bazar
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Murali Sharma
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Rahul Tiwari
|-
!45
|Maulana Abdul Rauf (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Preeti Partale
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Arjuman Dhebar
|-
!46
|Civil Lines (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sanjay Hiyal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Neelam Neelkanth Jagat
|-
!47
|[[Mother Teresa]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Santosh Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Tarachand Yadav
|-
!48
|[[Guru Ghasidas]] (ST)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Mahesh Dhruw
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sheetal Kuldeep
|-
!49
|[[Rani Durgavati]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Dr. Anamika Singh
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Prabhjot Singh Ladi
|-
!50
|[[Vidya Charan Shukla]] (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Gayatri Naurange
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sahdev Vyavhar
|-
!51
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Uttara Singh
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Renu Jayant Sahu
|-
!52
|[[Rajendra Prasad]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Vinai Nirmalkar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Ramkumar Sahu
|-
!53
|[[Jagjivan Ram|Babu Jagjeevan Ram]] (SC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Manoj Jangde
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Suraj Jangde
|-
!54
|Comrade Sudhir Mukharjee (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sushma Sahoo
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Usha Chandrahas Nirmalkar
|-
!55
|[[Ravindranath Tagore]] (ST)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Vinai Pratap Singhi
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Manasingh Dhruv
|-
!56
|Arvind Dixit
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Sachin Meghwal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Surjeet Sahu
|-
!57
|Bhagwati Charan Shukla
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Amar Gidwani
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Ejaz Dhebar
|-
!58
|Shaheed Pankaj Vikram (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Swapnil Mishra
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Monika Jain
|-
!59
|Moreshwar Rao Garde (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Anjali Goleccha
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Kavita Amit Das
|-
!60
|[[Chandrasekhar Azad]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ramesh Sapna
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Komal Sahu
|-
!61
|[[Shyama Prasad Mukharjee]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Ravi Sonkar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Brahma Sonkar
|-
!62
|Shaheed Rajiv Pandey
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Badri Prasad Gupt
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Devendra Yadav
|-
!63
|[[Mohammad Usman|Brigadier Usman]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Pramod Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Satnam Singh Panag
|-
!64
|Vipin Bihari Sur (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Manoj Verma
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sanjeev Singh Yadav
|-
!65
|[[Mahamaya Mandir, Raipur|Mahamaya Mandir]] (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Manju Vyas
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Jaishree Nayak
|-
!66
|Vaman Rao Lakhe
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Shyamsundar Agrawal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Sarvajeet Singh Thakur
|-
!67
|Bhakta Mata Karma (Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Mamta Tiwari
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Purnima Uttam Sahu
|-
!68
|Dr. Khubchand Baghel (OBC Woman)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Durga Sahu
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Dr. Subhashini Devangan
|-
!69
|Madhavrao Sapre (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Mahendra Ausar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Hirendra Devangan
|-
!70
|[[Sant Ravidas]] (OBC)
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Arjun Yadav
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Devendra Kumar Sahu
|-
|}

== Results ==
=== Mayoral election ===
{{Election box begin|title= 2025 Raipur Municipal Corporation Election: Mayor}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Meenal Choubey]]
| votes = 315,835
| percentage = 62.03%
| change = {{increase}} 20.60%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Deepti Pramod Dubey
| votes = 162,545
| percentage = 31.92%
| change = {{decrease}} 26.65%
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 153,290
| percentage = 30.10%
| change = {{increase}} 20.60%
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 509,146
| percentage = 49.50%
| change = {{decrease}}28.5
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Result by party===
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Party
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
! colspan="3" |Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|colspan="3"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|'''260,184'''
|'''51.32%'''
|{{increase}}16.32%
|70
|'''60'''
| {{increase}} 31
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress]]
|165,223
|32.59%
|{{decrease}}7.49%
|70
|7
|{{decrease}} 27
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|colspan="3"|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|75,957
|14.98%
|{{decrease}}5.02%
|166
|3
|{{decrease}} 4
|-
|style="background:Black; color:White"|
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|5,596
|1.10%
|{{decrease}}
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
!colspan="4"|Total
!506,960
!49.58%
! {{decrease}}28.42%
!-
! 70
! -
|-
|}

===Result by constituency===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number|Margin
|-
! No.
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
|-
! colspan="13" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e0e0e0; font-size:110%;" |[[Raipur City North Assembly constituency]]
|-
!1
|[[Veer Savarkar]] Nagar
|Sandeep Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|4792
|50.1%
|Vishal Pandey
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3822
|40.0%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |970
|-
!2
|[[Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru]] (SC)
|Bhagatram Harvansh
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4724
|64.1%
|Ghanshyam Chhatri
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2460
|33.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2264
|-
!3
|[[Kabir|Sant Kabir Das]] (SC)
|Dr. Manmohan Manhare
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2416
|52.4%
|Pappu Bagde
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2029
|44.0%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |387
|-
!4
|Yati Yatan Lal
|Nand Kishore Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3705
|43.6%
|Kiran Chandrakant Verma
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2391
|28.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1314
|-
!5
|Banjari Mata (Woman)
|Ambika Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4643
|55.9%
|Radhika Nagbhushan
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3569
|43.0%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1074
|-
!6
|[[Avantibai|Virangana Avantibai]] (SC)
|Khagapati Soni
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3320
|47.9%
|Radheshyam Vibhar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1856
|26.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1464
|-
!7
|[[Kushabhau Thakre]]
|Khem Kumar Sen
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2492
|44.0%
|Babla Mehtaru Dhiwar
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|1618
|28.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |874
|-
!8
|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] (OBC Woman)
|Savitri Dhiwar
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|2509
|33.1%
|Archi Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2396
|31.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:white;" |113
|-
!9
|[[Motilal Nehru]]
|Gopesh Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3107
|39.4%
|Gavesh Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3052
|38.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |55
|-
!10
|[[Rani Laxmibai]]
|Devdutt Dwivedi
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4061
|61.8%
|Manoj Verma
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1746
|26.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2315
|-
!11
|[[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar]]
|Mohan Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2779
|46.8%
|Hemant Patel
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1877
|31.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |902
|-
!12
|Kalimata (Woman)
|Smt. Sadhna Pramod Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5493
|60.3%
|Priyanka Amitesh Bhardwaj
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3422
|37.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2071
|-
!19
|[[Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]]
|Pritam Singh
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3348
|39.6%
|Varendra Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3183
|37.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |165
|-
!20
|[[Ramakrishna|Ramakrishna Paramahansha]]
|Aman Singh Thakur
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3647
|59.0%
|Sreekumar Shankar Menon
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2392
|38.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1255
|-
!21
|[[Bhagat Singh|Shaheed Bhagat Singh]] (Woman)
|Gayatri Sunil Chandrakar
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5436
|67.0%
|Kumkum Jha
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1940
|23.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3496
|-
!22
|Ishvari Charan Shukla (ST)
|Meena Thakur
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3582
|60.3%
|Neelima Singh
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2242
|37.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1340
|-
!23
|Shaheed Manmohan Singh Bakshi (SC)
|Ronita Prakash Jagat
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3359
|47.7%
|Smt. Krishna Panchuram Bharti
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3231
|45.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |128
|-
!24
|[[Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel]] (Woman)
|Deep Maniram Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3599
|51.1%
|Smt. Radhika Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3247
|46.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |352
|-
!25
|Sant Ramdas (OBC)
|Bhola Ram Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5445
|65.7%
|Tarun Kumar Shriwas
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2469
|29.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2976
|-
! colspan="13" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e0e0e0; font-size:110%;" |[[Raipur City West Assembly constituency]]
|-
!26
|[[Bhamashah|Danveer Bhamashah]] (SC)
|Ramhin Kurre
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4158
|51.5%
|Rukhmani Sunder Lal Jogi
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2882
|35.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1276
|-
!27
|[[Indira Gandhi]] (OBC)
|Avatar Bharti Bagal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3049
|44.1%
|Daljit Singh Chawla
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2966
|42.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |83
|-
!28
|Shaheed Hemu Kalyani
|Smt. Kritika Jain
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2658
|46.0%
|G. Srinivas
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1546
|26.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1112
|-
!29
|[[Guru Govind Singh]] (SC)
|Kailash Behera
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3928
|62.1%
|Sevak Mahanand
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2259
|35.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1669
|-
!30
|Shankar Nagar
|Rajesh Gupta
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3524
|58.0%
|Manoj Masand
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2414
|39.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1110
|-
!34
|[[Ravishankar Shukla]]
|Akash Tiwari{{efn|Leader of Opposition in RMC; won as [[Independent politician|Independent]], but later joined INC}}
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|2957
|45.2%
|Kamran Ansari
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1775
|27.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:white;" |1182
|-
!35
|Abdul Hameed
|Sheikh Musheer
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2848
|45.8%
|Mohammad Anees Nizami
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|1478
|23.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |1370
|-
!36
|Tatyapara (OBC Woman)
|Smt. Shweta Vishwakarma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4024
|52.3%
|Santari Harish Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3008
|39.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1016
|-
!37
|Shaheed Chudamani Nayak (OBC)
|Deepak Jaiswal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3196
|42.1%
|Jitendra Sonkar (Jawa)
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|2875
|37.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |321
|-
!38
|Swami Atmanand
|Anand Agrawal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2805
|57.9%
|Vikas Agrawal
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1871
|38.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |934
|-
!39
|Thakur Pyarelal (Woman)
|Suman Ashok Pandey
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4654
|53.6%
|Sangeeta Dubey
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2080
|24.0%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2574
|-
!40
|[[Deendayal Upadhyay]] (OBC)
|Ashu Chandravanshi
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5488
|70.0%
|Shashikant Sahu (Pintu)
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2206
|28.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3282
|-
!41
|Pt. Sundar Lal Sharma (Woman)
|Sarita Akash Dubey
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4852
|70.1%
|Bharti Sharma
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1945
|28.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2907
|-
!42
|Mahant Laxminarayan Das
|Ambar Agrawal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3906
|40.2%
|Manoj Thakur
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|1954
|20.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1952
|-
!43
|Bramhan Para (OBC)
|Ajay Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2964
|38.8%
|Alok Kumar Dewangan
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|1999
|26.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |965
|-
!44
|[[Swami Vivekanand]] Sadar Bazar
|Murli Sharma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3146
|42.3%
|Satish Jain
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|2335
|31.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |811
|-
!45
|Maulana Abdul Rauf (Woman)
|Arruman Aijaz Dhebar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6177
|62.4%
|Preeti Phartade
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3617
|36.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |2560
|-
!46
|Civil Lines (SC)
|Sanjana Hiyal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2452
|49.7%
|Neelam Jagat (Lalita)
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1322
|26.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1130
|-
!47
|[[Mother Teresa]] (OBC)
|Santosh Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4401
|63.8%
|Billa alias Tarachand Yadav
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2381
|34.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2020
|-
! colspan="13" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e0e0e0; font-size:110%;" |[[Raipur City South Assembly constituency]]
|-
!13
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|Mahendra Khodiyar
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5536
|69.0%
|Neetu Ghanshyam Tiwari
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1341
|16.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4195
|-
!14
|Raman Mandir (OBC)
|Suryakant Rathore
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3840
|65.3%
|Asif Memon
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1950
|33.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1890
|-
!15
|Kanhaiyalal Banjari (OBC)
|Rajesh Kumar Dewangan
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4901
|66.0%
|Ghanshyam Dewangan
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1896
|25.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3005
|-
!16
|[[Shivaji|Veer Shivaji]] (OBC)
|Gajju Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5378
|64.6%
|Vikas Kumar Verma (Baba)
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2065
|24.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3313
|-
!17
|Thakkar Bapa (OBC Woman)
|Parmila Balla Ram Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4664
|64.5%
|Dileshwari Annuram Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2248
|31.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2416
|-
!18
|[[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] (OBC)
|Sohan Lal Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3342
|49.8%
|Jitendra Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1836
|27.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1506
|-
!31
|[[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]] (OBC Woman)
|Pushpa Rohit Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3733
|58.5%
|Disha Dhotre
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2370
|37.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1363
|-
!32
|[[Valmiki|Maharshi Valmiki]] (OBC Woman)
|Prabha Vishwakarma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3272
|61.6%
|Sangeeta Yaadram Nishad
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1879
|35.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1393
|-
!33
|[[Veer Narayan Singh|Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh]]
|Pradeep Kumar Verma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2957
|57.9%
|Pramod Mishra
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2081
|40.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |876
|-
!48
|[[Guru Ghasidas]] (ST)
|Mahesh Kumar Dhruv
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2709
|57.7%
|Sheetal Kuldeep Bog...
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1915
|40.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |794
|-
!49
|[[Rani Durgavati]]
|Dr. Anamika Singh
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3732
|52.1%
|Prabhjot Singh Ladi
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2765
|38.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |967
|-
!50
|[[Vidya Charan Shukla]] (SC)
|Gayatri Naurange "Pinki"
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2811
|52.3%
|Sahdev Vyavhar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1534
|28.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1277
|-
!51
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] (Woman)
|Renu Jayant Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2100
|28.0%
|Uttara Satish Singh Thakur
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1917
|25.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |183
|-
!52
|[[Rajendra Prasad]] (OBC)
|Vinay Pankaj Nirmalkar
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3214
|58.1%
|Raju Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1509
|27.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1705
|-
!53
|[[Jagjivan Ram|Babu Jagjeevan Ram]] (SC)
|Manoj Jangde
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4011
|46.2%
|Suraj Jangde
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2532
|29.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1479
|-
!54
|Comrade Sudhir Mukharjee (OBC Woman)
|Sushma Tilak Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3982
|59.3%
|Uma Chandrahas Nirmalkar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2502
|37.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1480
|-
!55
|[[Ravindranath Tagore]] (ST)
|Vinay Pratap Singh Dhruv
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2639
|52.0%
|Mansingh Dhruv
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2370
|46.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |269
|-
!56
|Arvind Dixit
|Sachin B. Meghani
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3446
|48.2%
|Surjit Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1675
|23.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1771
|-
!57
|Bhagwati Charan Shukla
|Amar Gidwani
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4900
|58.2%
|Aijaz Dhebar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3374
|40.1%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1526
|-
!58
|Shaheed Pankaj Vikram (Woman)
|Swapnil Mishra
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2622
|64.9%
|Monika Pankaj Jain
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1366
|33.8%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1256
|-
!59
|Moreshwar Rao Garde (Woman)
|Anjali Golchha Jain
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5397
|57.8%
|Kavita Das
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2727
|29.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2670
|-
!60
|[[Chandrasekhar Azad]] (OBC)
|Ramesh Sapaha
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3447
|36.5%
|Komal Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2104
|22.3%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1343
|-
!61
|[[Shyama Prasad Mukharjee]]
|Ravi Sonkar (Chand)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4612
|50.2%
|Bramha Sonkar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3073
|33.5%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1539
|-
!62
|Shaheed Rajiv Pandey
|Badri Prasad Gupta
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4500
|41.1%
|Devendra Yadav
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3131
|28.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1369
|-
!63
|[[Mohammad Usman|Brigadier Usman]]
|Pramod Kumar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4877
|62.7%
|Kallu Satnam Singh Panag
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2736
|35.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2141
|-
!64
|Vipin Bihari Sur (OBC)
|Manoj Verma
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|3271
|42.7%
|Manoj Chakradhari
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|2674
|34.9%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |597
|-
!65
|[[Mahamaya Mandir, Raipur|Mahamaya Mandir]] (OBC Woman)
|Jayashree Nayak
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3484
|53.6%
|Manju Yadav
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2900
|44.6%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |584
|-
!66
|Vaman Rao Lakhe
|Krishna Sonkar (Babbi)
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|4070
|43.4%
|Shyam Sunder Agrawal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1945
|20.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:white;" |2125
|-
!67
|Bhakta Mata Karma (Woman)
|Mamta Sonu Tiwari
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5328
|67.9%
|Purnima Uttam Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1741
|22.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3587
|-
!68
|Dr. Khubchand Baghel (OBC Woman)
|Durga Yaadram Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4387
|53.2%
|Dr. Subhashni Dewangan
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3484
|42.2%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |903
|-
!69
|Madhavrao Sapre (OBC)
|Mahendra Ausar
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4715
|55.5%
|Uttam Kumar Chakradhari
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|2015
|23.7%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2700
|-
!70
|[[Sant Ravidas]] (OBC)
|Arjun alias Arun Kumar Yadav
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4285
|67.0%
|Devendra Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2007
|31.4%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2278
|-
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:2020s in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Raipur district]]
[[Category:Local elections in Chhattisgarh]]

Uyire (TV series)

2026-03-26T08:18:04Z

Bruce06828: new

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Uyire serial.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = Soap opera
| creator =
| executive_producer =
| writer = VPadmavathy
| director = Sai Maruthu
| starring = [[Manishajith]] Amruth Kalam (Season 1) Aishwarya Salimath Anand Selvan (Season 2)
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 335
| list_episodes =
| producer = [[Nirosha|Nirosha Ramki]]
| company = Box Entertainment
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Colors Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|01|02|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|03|07|df=yes}}
| related = {{ubl|[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]}}
}}

'''Uyire''' ({{Translation}} 'Life Itself') is a 2020 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] soap opera airing on [[Colors Tamil]] from 2 January 2020 to 7 March 2021. The first season was success and remake but the second season received poor ratings, leading the show cancellation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/colors-tamil-set-to-break-stereotypes-with-new-show-uyire-101830.html|title=colors tamil set to break stereotypes with new show uyire|last=|first=|date=3 January 2020|website=www.exchange4media.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> The show stars [[Manishajith]] and Amruth Kalam. This series season 1 was the remake of the [[Hindi language]] television series [[Choti Sarrdaarni]]. The series is produced by [[Nirosha]] under the banner Box Entertainment.

==Plot==
===Season 1 (2020)===
Carefree Pavithra falls in love with Varun who aspires to be an IAS officer. She becomes pregnant with his child. The area's MLA Veeralakshmi who is Pavithra's mother, learns her pregnancy with Varun's child and refuses to accept Varun as he is financially unstable. Veeralakshmi kills Varun with Pavithra's brothers and asks Pavithra to marry Sezhiyan who is a widower with a 5-year-old son, Naren and the president of the ruling party in that area. As Veeralakshmi aspires to be an MLA, this was only possible for her if Pavithra marries Sezhiyan. Pavithra disagrees at first but later accepts to save her unborn child from Veeralakshmi's ill intentions.

On the wedding night, she reveals to Sezhiyan about her pregnancy and begs him to let her go as she wants to settle far away and bring up her child. Sezhiyan gets angry but later promises that he would get her settled in a far away foreign country. But, in [[Goa]] Sezhiyan is accused of killing Pavithra and is arrested and is about to be punished. But in Goa, As he leaves, Pavithra gets kidnapped by goons. Pavithra sees the news on the T.V. She escaped from the goons and managed to reach the court and prove Sezhiyan innocent. He then accepts Pavithra's child as his own. Sezhiyan and Pavithra tell Naren about her pregnancy. Excited, Naren reveals this to Sezhiyan's sister Chandra. A grand party is organized celebrating Pavithra's pregnancy news. But Chandra finds Pavithra's medical report and learns the truth and tells Pavithra to abort child whereas, Sezhiyan takes care of Pavithra and the child like his own.

However, Pavithra gives birth to a girl named Yazhini and the baby goes missing. Sezhiyan and Pavithra manage to save the baby. But, They meet with an accident and presume to be as dead while baby is survived.

===Season 2 (2020–2021)===
20 years later, Yazhini has been adopted as Vennila and works as a maid, unaware about her past. She had a hope that she will find out her parents and reunite with them one day. She had no other proof of her parents rather than the number plate of the car which is said to be in Madurai which was told by the registration office. Chandra had two sons which has been revealed in this season. Chandra's first son, Aravind is the manager of the company. Vennila joins to the company for work. Later she was told to work in Chandra's house as maid. How Vennila will know about their parents and who killed them and how will she accept her enemy's son that is Chandra's son as her husband forms the crux of the story.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Manishajith]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/uyire-manishajith-to-play-pavithra-yet-again/articleshow/78127779.cms|title=Uyire: Manishajith to play Pavithra yet again – Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=15 September 2020 }}</ref> / Shreegopika Neelanath <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actress-shree-gopika-replaces-manishajith-in-uyire/articleshow/76773006.cms|title=Actress Shree Gopika replaces Manishajith in 'Uyire' – Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> as Pavithra Chezhiyan: Veeralakshmi's daughter; Arun, Velmurugan and Balamurugan's sister; Chezhiyan's wife; Varun's ex-fiancée; Naren's step-mother; Yazhini's mother (2020)
* Veerendra Chowdhary / Amruth Kalam <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/amruth-kalam-replaces-veerendra-chowdhary-in-uyire/articleshow/74002734.cms|title=Amruth Kalam replaces Veerendra Chowdhary in 'Uyire' – Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=7 February 2020 }}</ref> as Chezhiyan: Chandra's brother; Pavitra's husband; Malarvizhi's former husband; Naren's father; Yazhini's step-father (2020)
* Miguel Daniel as Naren Chezhiyan: Chezhiyan and Malarvizhi's son; Pavithra's step-son; Yazhini's step-brother (2020)
* Kushi Sampath Kumar / Aishwarya Salimath as Yazhini "Vennila" Chezhiyan Arvind: Pavithra and Varun's daughter; Chezhiyan's step-daughter; Aravind's wife (2020–2021)
* Anand Selvan as Aravind Sundarapandi: Chandra and Sundarapandi's son; Priyanka and Ashwin's brother; Vennila's husband (2020–2021)

=== Recurring ===
* [[Sona Nair]] / [[Seema G. Nair]] as Veeralakshmi: Pavithra, Arun, Velmurugan and Balamurugan's mother (2020)
* Sai Latha / Reshma Reshu as Chandra: Chezhiyan's elder sister; Sundarapandi's wife; Arvind, Priyanka and Ashwin's mother (2020)
* Sridhar Subramaniyam as Sundarapandi: Chandra's husband; Arvind, Priyanka and Ashwin's father (2020)
* [[Nirosha]] as Girija aka Dolly: Chezhiyan and Chandra's aunt (2020)
* Akila Krishnan as Eshwari: Sundarapandi's sister; Chandra's sister-in-law; Nandhini's mother (2020–2021)
* Ashika Varshika as Mallika: Vennlia's friend (2020–2021)
* Tharshika as Nandhini: Eshwari's daughter; Aravind's cousin (2020–2021)
* Dhakshana as Priyanka: Chandra and Sundarapandi's daughter; Aravind and Ashwin's sister (2020–2021)
* Surjith Kumar as Ashwin: Chandra and Sundarapandi's son; Aravind and Priyanka's brother (2020–2021)
* Sahana Sheddy as Samyuktha (2020–2021)
* [[M. J. Shriram]] as Samyuktha's father (2020–2021)
* Mercy Leyal as Samyuktha's mother (2020–2021)
* Feroz Khan as Arun Pandi: Pavithra's eldest brother; Krithika's husband; Rahul's father (2020)
* Yalini Rajan as Krithika: Arun's wife; Rahul's mother (2020)
* Saathvik / Abhinav Rengarajan as Rahul: Arun Pandi and Krithika's son (2020)
* Fawaz Zayani as Velmurugan: Pavithra's second brother (2020)
* Akshaya Dinesh as Yazhini: Velumurugan's wife (2020)
* Tamizh as Balamurugan: Pavithra's third brother (2020)
* [[Reshma Pasupuleti]] as DSP Vasundhara Devi (2020)
* [[Jeeva Ravi]] as Periyamaya Devar: Pavithra's father (special appearance) (2020)
* [[Pondy Ravi]] as Selladurai: Malarvizhi's father; Chezhiyan's former father-in-law (2020)
* Priya Tarun as Deivanayagi: Malarvizhi's mother; Chezhiyan's former mother-in-law (2020)
* Vinitha Jagannathan as Malarvizhi: Chezhiyan's former wife; Naren's mother (special appearance) (2020)
* Gaurav Gupta as Varun: Pavithra's ex-fiancé; Yazhini's father (2020)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Colors Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Colors Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Hindi-language television series]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Dhruva Sarja

2026-03-25T09:55:52Z

Bruce06828: quick refined intro for accuracy based on references

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| native_name = 
| name = Dhruva Sarja
| image = Dhruva Sarja.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|10|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhruva Sarja: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday {{!}} eTimes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/dhruva-sarja |website=The Times of India |access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref>
| othername = 
| yearsactive = 2012–present
| occupation = Actor
| spouse = {{marriage| Prerana Shankar|2019}}
| relatives = [[List of South Indian film families#Sarja family|Sarja family]]
}}

'''Dhruva Sarja''' (born 6 October 1988) is an Indian actor who appears in [[Kannada]] films. He made his acting debut in the 2012 film, ''[[Addhuri]]''.

==Early life==
Dhruva's elder brother [[Chiranjeevi Sarja]], who was also an actor in Kannada films, died on 7 June 2020. The Sarja family originally hails from Sarjapura.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada actor Chiranjeevi Sarja passes away at 39 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/kannada-actor-chiranjeevi-sarja-passes-away-at-39/article31772154.ece |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608084540/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/kannada-actor-chiranjeevi-sarja-passes-away-at-39/article31772154.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Their maternal uncle [[Arjun Sarja]] is a South Indian actor, and their maternal grandfather [[Shakti Prasad]] was also an actor in Kannada films. Director [[Kishore Sarja]] was his maternal uncle and actress Aishwarya Arjun is his cousin.

==Career==
Sarja debuted in films with the 2012 film ''[[Addhuri]]''. His portrayal of Arjun as the male lead, opposite [[Radhika Pandit]], received praise from critics.<ref>{{cite magazine |title= Addhuri Movie Review: Fun film replete with emotions |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/addhuri-movie-review-fun-film-replete-with-emotions-106173-2012-06-18 |magazine= India Today |date= 19 June 2012 |access-date= 13 September 2014 |archive-date= 13 September 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140913130253/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/addhuri-movie-review-fun-film-replete-with-emotions/1/201330.html |url-status= live }}</ref> He signed for his next film ''[[Bahaddur]]'' with his close friend [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]] in 2013. The film became commercially successful<ref>{{cite news |title= Dhruv Has His Cake and Eats it Too |url= http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Dhruv-Has-His-Cake-and-Eats-it-Too/2014/10/08/article2466570.ece |newspaper= The New Indian Express |date= 8 October 2014 |access-date= 10 October 2014 |archive-date= 16 October 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141016153354/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Dhruv-Has-His-Cake-and-Eats-it-Too/2014/10/08/article2466570.ece |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Dhruva Sarja set to romance two beauties |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Dhruva-Sarja-set-to-romance-twobeauties/articleshow/41589607.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 3 September 2014 |access-date= 13 September 2014 |archive-date= 9 September 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140909232132/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Dhruva-Sarja-set-to-romance-twobeauties/articleshow/41589607.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> and in April 2015 he signed for ''[[Bharjari]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author= Sharadhaa A. |title= Bharjari Kicks Off With Dhruva and Chethan |url= http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Bharjari-Kicks-Off-With-Dhruva-and-Chethan/2015/04/14/article2762744.ece |work= The New Indian Express |publisher= newindianexpress.com |date= 14 April 2015 |access-date= 15 April 2015 |archive-date= 19 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150419161210/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Bharjari-Kicks-Off-With-Dhruva-and-Chethan/2015/04/14/article2762744.ece |url-status= dead }}</ref> Upcoming films include ''[[Pogaru]]'' (2021), ''[[Martin (2024 film)|Martin]]'' (2024) and ''[[KD - The Devil]]'' (2024) and ''[[Vijay Salaskar|The Untold story of Vijay Salaskar]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web | title=Dhruva Sarja Enjoys 'Mumbai Ki Baarish' By Devouring Delicious Vada Pav | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/ampstories/photo-gallery/dhruva-sarja-enjoys-mumbai-ki-baarish-by-devouring-delicious-vada-pav | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804122300/https://www.freepressjournal.in/ampstories/photo-gallery/dhruva-sarja-enjoys-mumbai-ki-baarish-by-devouring-delicious-vada-pav | access-date=2025-08-21 | archive-date=2024-08-04}}</ref>

A. Harsha and Sarja are also in talks for a movie.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2021|title=Dhruva Sarja, A Harsha in talks for a film|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/17/dhruva-sarja-a-harsha-in-talks-for-a-film-23410.html|url-status=live|access-date=|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318044408/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/17/dhruva-sarja-a-harsha-in-talks-for-a-film-23410.html |archive-date=18 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2021|title=Pogaru actor Dhruva Sarja and A Harsha to join hands for a fresh project?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/pogaru-actor-dhruva-sarja-and-a-harsha-to-join-hands-for-a-fresh-project/articleshow/81566096.cms|url-status=live|access-date=|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318105556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/pogaru-actor-dhruva-sarja-and-a-harsha-to-join-hands-for-a-fresh-project/articleshow/81566096.cms |archive-date=18 March 2021 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Dhruva got engaged to his childhood friend Prerana on December 9, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2018 |title=Actor Dhruva Sarja to get engaged to his girlfriend on this date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/actor-dhruva-sarja-to-get-engaged-to-his-girlfriend-on-this-date/articleshow/66654018.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> They married on November 25, 2019,<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Sarja weds Prerana |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/251119/sarja-weds-prerana.html |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> and have two children.

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+{{sronly|List of films and roles}}
|-
! scope-"col" | Year
! scope-"col" | Title
! scope-"col" | Role(s)
! scope-"col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope-"col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2012
! scope="row" | ''[[Addhuri]]''
| Arjun
| Debut as lead role film
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/review-addhuri-625827 | title=Review: Addhuri }}</ref>
|-
| 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Bahaddur]]''
| Ashok Raj Bahaddur
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/bahaddur/movie-review/44385874.cms | title=Bahaddur Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Bahaddur by Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Bharjari]]''
| Surya Rudraprathap
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/bharjari-movie-review-a-worn-out-storyline/articleshow/60531853.cms | title=Bharjari movie review: A worn-out storyline }}</ref>
|-
| 2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Prema Baraha]]''
| [[Hanuman]] devotee || Special appearance in "Jai Hanumantha" || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/06/arjun-sarja-says-jai-anjaneya-1719475.html | title=Arjun Sarja says Jai Anjaneya }}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Pogaru]]''
| P. Ramakrishna (Shiva)
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/pogaru-movie-review-a-riot-of-toxic-masculinity-953026.html | title='Pogaru' movie review: A riot of toxic masculinity | date=19 February 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 2024
! scope="row" | ''[[Martin (2024 film)|Martin]]''
| Arjun Saxena and Martin / Rhino
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/aug/02/team-martin-to-resume-with-the-climax-shoot-from-august-5-2483050.html | title=Team Martin to resume with the climax shoot from August 5 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2026
! scope="row" |''[[Seetha Payanam]]''
| Pawan
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film Cameo appearance
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Oct/06/dhruva-sarja-to-play-pawan-in-seetha-payanam-makers-unveil-character-poster|title=Dhruva Sarja to play Pawan in Seetha Payanam; makers unveil character poster|date=6 October 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:#ffc;" |''[[KD: The Devil]]'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Kaalidasa "K.D" Alam
| Completed; April 30 Release
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/kannada-star-dhruva-sarja-s-pan-indian-film-titled-kd-the-devil--news-231597/amp |title=Kannada Star Dhruva Sarja's Pan Indian Film Titled 'KD - The Devil' |website=Outlook |access-date=2 March 2023 |date=21 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:#ffc;" |''Criminal'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Shiva
| Pre-production
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/kannada-star-dhruva-sarja-s-pan-indian-film-titled-criminal--news-231597/amp |title=Kannada Star Dhruva Sarja's Pan Indian Film Titled 'Criminal' |website=Outlook |access-date=2 March 2023 |date=21 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As a voice actor ===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+{{sronly|List of films and roles}}
|-
! scope-"col" | Year
! scope-"col" | Title
! scope-"col" | Role
! scope-"col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope-"col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Kiss (2019 film)|Kiss]]''
| Narrator
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dhruva-sarja-lends-his-voice-to-ap-arjuns-kiss/articleshow/70771814.cms|title=Dhruva Sarja lends his voice to AP Arjun's Kiss|date=21 August 2019|work= The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Dhira (film)|Dhira]]''
| Dubbing artist for [[Tenali Rama]] || Kannada dubbed version || <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=Sabyasachi Mishra Joins Vijay Sethupathi, Vivek Oberoi And Jeet For Animated Film 'Dhira' |url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/sabyasachi-mishra-joins-vijay-sethupathivivek-oberoi-and-jeet-for-animated-film-dhira |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=Mycitylinks |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Raja Marthanda]]''
| Dubbing artist for [[Chiranjeevi Sarja]] ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raja Marthanda Movie Review : Rajamarthanda review: Chiranjeevi Sarja's last onscreen outing is a revenge drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/raja-marthanda/movie-review/104215213.cms |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 October 2023|first=Sridevi|last=S.}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+{{sronly|List of awards and nominations}}
|-
! scope-"col" | Award
! scope-"col" | Year
! scope-"col" | Category
! scope-"col" | Film
! scope-"col" | Result
! scope-"col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[SIIMA Awards]]
| [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2012]]
| Best Male Debutant
| ''[[Addhuri]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/tabloid/siima-in-sharjah-postponed-to-september-1.1191905 | title=SIIMA in Sharjah postponed to September | publisher=Gulf News | access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| ''[[Bahaddur]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Dubai hosts fourth South Indian International Movie Awards|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/dubai-hosts-fourth-south-indian-international-movie-awards-1.38919|date=8 August 2015|website=thenational.ae|author=Ujala Ali Khan|access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|2017]]
| ''[[Bharjari]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2018-telugu-kannada-nomination-list-out-date-place-7th-edition-revealed-777016|title=SIIMA Awards 2018 - Telugu, Kannada nomination list out|website=International Business Times|date=5 August 2018|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-live-update-check-out-see-tollywood-sandalwood-winners-list-780619|title=SIIMA Awards 2018 Telugu Kannada winners list|website=International Business Times|date=16 September 2018|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Suvarna Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| Best Debutant
| rowspan="2" | ''Addhuri''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-dhruva-sarja-celebrates-wife-preranas-birthday-romantic-gesture-139862 | title=Watch: Dhruva Sarja celebrates wife Prerana's birthday with romantic gesture | date=18 December 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Udaya Film Awards]]
| Best Debutant - Male
| {{won}}
| <ref>Eng, David. (2013-03-06) [http://www.chinokino.com/2013/03/2013-udaya-film-awards-winners.html 2013 Udaya Film Awards – winners]. Chino Kino. Retrieved on 2016-02-27.</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|id=5890975}}
*{{Instagram}}

{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Débutante}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarja, Dhruv}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]

Purple Line (Chennai Metro)

2026-03-23T18:36:47Z

Bruce06828: added basic entry v1...

{{Short description|Transit line in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Purple Line (Line 3)
| other_name =
| native_name = Oodhā vaḻittaṭam
| native_name_lang = ta
| color = 800080
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Rapid transit]]
| system = [[Chennai Metro]]
| status = Under construction
| locale =
| start = [[Madhavaram Milk Colony]]
| end = [[SIPCOT IT Park|Siruseri SIPCOT 2]]
| connectinglines = '''''Operational''''' (5): {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Blue|croute}} {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Green|croute}} {{rbox|Chennai MRTS|Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|#{{rail color|Chennai MRTS|1}}}}, {{rbox|Chennai Suburban West Line|West Line, Chennai Suburban|#{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|West}}}}, {{rbox|Chennai Suburban South Line|South Line, Chennai Suburban|#{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|South}}}} '''''Upcoming''''' (2): {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Red|croute}} {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Yellow|croute}}
| stations = 48{{efn|name=Share|{{stl|Chennai Metro|Madhavaram Milk Colony}} station would be shared between the Purple and [[Red Line (Chennai Metro)|Red Line]]s, and is considered as a single station.}}
| daily_ridership =
| planopen = {{start date and age|2027|3|df=y}} <ref name=purpleLineDt>{{cite web|title=Chennai Metro Rail PROJECT STATUS|url= https://chennaimetrorail.org/project-status/#:~:text=This%20proposal%20is%20under%20the,JICA%20as%20State%20Sector%20Project.|publisher=[[Chennai Metro]]|access-date=11 August 2025}}</ref> {{start date and age|2027|12|df=y}} <ref name=purpleLineFullDt>{{cite web|title=Chennai Metro Rail PROJECT BRIEF|url= https://chennaimetrorail.org/project-brief/|publisher=[[Chennai Metro]]|access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref>
| open =
| close =
| operator = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Sampath|first=Nirupa|title=Chennai Metro Rail outsources phase 2 to Delhi Metro|url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/chennai/cmrl-outsources-phase-2-to-delhi-metro-tamil-quota-to-go-828697|publisher=DT Next|date=3 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>
| character = {{cvt|26.7|km}} Underground {{cvt|19.1|km}} Elevated
| depot = Semmancheri Madhavaram
| stock = {{ hlist|[[Alstom Metropolis|Alstom]] |[[BEML]] }}
| linelength_km = 45.8<ref name="Scrap">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-metro-scraps-nine-stations-in-phase-2/articleshow/100219302.cms|title=Chennai metro scraps nine stations in phase 2|date=14 May 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 May 2024|archive-date=2 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602084647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-metro-scraps-nine-stations-in-phase-2/articleshow/100219302.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| electrification = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| signalling = [[Communications-based train control|CBTC Signalling System]]
| speed_km/h = 80
| elevation =
| map_state = collapsed
| map = {{Chennai Metro Purple Line Route}}
}}

The '''Purple Line''' or '''Line 3''' is one of the under construction lines of [[Chennai Metro]] Phase-II stretching from [[Madhavaram Milk Colony]] to [[SIPCOT IT Park|Siruseri SIPCOT 2]]. The {{cvt|45.4|km}} long line will consist of 48 stations, out of which 28 will be underground and 20 will be at grade or elevated.{{efn|name=Share}}

== Planning and construction ==
=== Phase II ===
The construction of the first phase of [[Chennai Metro]] started in June 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Work-commences-on-Chennai-metro|title=Work commences on Chennai Metro|publisher=Projects Today|date=11 June 2009|access-date=16 August 2010|archive-date=25 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825214006/http://www.projectstoday.com/News/Work-commences-on-Chennai-metro|url-status=live}}</ref> Commercial operations started on the [[Green Line (Chennai Metro)|green line]] in June 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140904/nation-current-affairs/article/chennai-metro-one-stop-short-dream-run|title=Chennai Metro one stop short of dream run|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=31 August 2014|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035707/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140904/nation-current-affairs/article/chennai-metro-one-stop-short-dream-run|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/conditional-clearance-for-metro-rail/article7155672.ece|title=Conditional clearance for Metro Rail|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 April 2015|access-date=7 June 2016|archive-date=14 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114064544/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/conditional-clearance-for-metro-rail/article7155672.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/CMRL-l-Newsletter-l-Aug-2015-l-Final-PDF.pdf|title=Chennai Metro Newsletter - August 2015|publisher=Chennai Metro|date=29 June 2015|access-date=7 June 2023|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020114202/https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/CMRL-l-Newsletter-l-Aug-2015-l-Final-PDF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 February 2019, the extension of [[Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|blue line]] was opened, completing the first phase of the metro.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/pm-modi-inaugurates-chennai-metro-rails-final-leg/article26229980.ece|title=PM Modi inaugurates Chennai Metro Rail's final leg|last=Simhan|first=TE Raja|work=The Hindu Businessline|date=10 February 2019|access-date=13 February 2019|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026014616/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/pm-modi-inaugurates-chennai-metro-rails-final-leg/article26229980.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2016, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] announced that the second phase would have three lines totaling {{cvt|104|km}} in length with 104 stations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/104-km-104-stations-Unveiling-Phase-II-of-Metro/article14549167.ece|title=1800 km, 180 stations: Unveiling Phase II of Metro|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|date=2 August 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=24 January 2017|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226164406/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/104-km-104-stations-Unveiling-Phase-II-of-Metro/article14549167.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Detailed-project-report-for-Phase-II-of-Metro-Rail-ready/article16947271.ece|title=Detailed project report for Phase II of Metro Rail ready|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=24 January 2017|archive-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130634/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Detailed-project-report-for-Phase-II-of-Metro-Rail-ready/article16947271.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Two corridors would extend from [[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]] connecting with [[Siruseri]] and [[Sholinganallur]] respectively (lines 3 and 5) with the third corridor connecting [[Koyambedu]] with [[Lighthouse, Chennai|Lighthouse]] (line 4). The third line connecting [[Madhavaram Milk Colony]] and [[SIPCOT IT Park|Siruseri SIPCOT]] will extend to {{cvt|45.8|km}} of which {{cvt|19.1|km}} would be [[elevated]] and {{cvt|26.7|km}} [[underground rail|underground]]. It will consist of 50 stations including 30 undergrounds stations.<ref name="Proj">{{cite web|url=https://chennaimetrorail.org/project-status/|title=Project status of Chennai Metro|publisher=Chennai Metro Rail Limited|access-date=16 August 2010|archive-date=26 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926171710/http://chennaimetrorail.org/project-status/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Metro's second phase to go up to Poonamallee|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 July 2017|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/metros-second-phase-to-go-up-to-poonamallee/article19310471.ece|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226092631/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/metros-second-phase-to-go-up-to-poonamallee/article19310471.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The stations for the second phase were designed to be smaller than the existing stations operational in the first phase.<ref>{{cite news|last=U|first=Tejonmayam|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-to-trim-stations-under-phase-2/articleshow/56226400.cms|title=Chennai: Metro rail to trim stations under phase 2|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 December 2016|access-date=24 January 2017|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208051107/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-to-trim-stations-under-phase-2/articleshow/56226400.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 November 2020, foundation stone for the second phase was laid and construction commenced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/amit-shah-to-lay-foundation-for-chennai-metros-phase-ii-project/article33111023.ece|title=Amit Shah to lay foundation for Chennai Metro's phase II project|date=17 November 2020|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=28 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428064943/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/amit-shah-to-lay-foundation-for-chennai-metros-phase-ii-project/article33111023.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2022, Alstom was awarded the contract to supply metro coaches for the phase II expansion.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2022/11/alstom-wins-eu98-million-contract-design-and-manufacture-78-metro-coaches-chennai-metro-phase-ii|title=Alstom wins €98 million contract to design and manufacture 78 metro coaches for Chennai Metro Phase-II|date=11 November 2022|publisher=Alstom|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216121324/https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2022/11/alstom-wins-eu98-million-contract-design-and-manufacture-78-metro-coaches-chennai-metro-phase-ii|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2023, CMRL announced a revised plan for the second phase, with the line extending for {{cvt|45.4|km}}, and a revised station count of 48 stations.{{efn|name=Share}}<ref name="Scrap"/><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Press-Release-07.06.2023-English.pdf|title=Phase II– S98 (Anaimalai) TBM Breakthrough at Venugopal Nagar Shaft|date=7 June 2023|work=[[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]]|access-date=1 May 2024}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+Chennai Metro - Phase II<ref name="Map">{{cite report|url=https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Phase-II-Updated-Map.pdf|title=Chennai Metro rail phase II|publisher=[[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]]|access-date=1 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
!Line Name
!colspan="2"|Terminals
!Length (km)
!Stations
!Status
|-
|style="background:#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Purple}};|Purple Line
|[[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]]
|[[SIPCOT IT Park|Siruseri SIPCOT 2]]
|style="text-align:center;"|45.8
|style="text-align:center"|48{{efn|name=Share}}
|Under construction
|}

The second phase is estimated to cost {{INRconvert|632.46|b}} of which initially {{INRconvert|47.10|b}} was loaned by [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]].<ref name="Proj"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/phase-ii-chennai-metro-project-to-cost-rs-36-000-cr-114022800932_1.html|title=Phase-II Chennai metro project to cost Rs 36,000 cr|date=2 March 2014|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=Business Standard|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216121325/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/phase-ii-chennai-metro-project-to-cost-rs-36-000-cr-114022800932_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/india/english/office/topics/press220331_03.html|title=JICA extends ODA Loan of INR 4710 Cr for Chennai Metro Rail Project Phase 2 (II)|date=21 June 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216121327/https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/india/english/office/topics/press220331_03.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 February 2021, the [[Prime Minister of India]] announced that the government has set aside {{INRconvert|630|b}} for the construction of phase II and further extension.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ground-work-for-chennai-metro-rail-phase-2-hit/articleshow/80918239.cms|title=Ground work for Chennai metro rail phase-2 hit|last=Dipak K|first=Dash|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218192218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ground-work-for-chennai-metro-rail-phase-2-hit/articleshow/80918239.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Phase II extension ===
In 2022, the state government proposed an extension plan for the third line from Siruseri to [[Kilambakkam]], covering an approximate {{cvt|25|km}}.<ref name="P2">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/detailed-feasibility-report-for-chennai-metro-rails-phase-2-extension-to-be-ready-in-three-months/article66664484.ece|title=Detailed feasibility report for Chennai Metro Rail's Phase 2 extension to be ready in three months|date=26 March 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428075613/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/detailed-feasibility-report-for-chennai-metro-rails-phase-2-extension-to-be-ready-in-three-months/article66664484.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2023, feasibility report was submitted by CMRL for the proposed expansion of the line, green lighting the same.<ref name="FE">{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-chennai-metro-cmrl-submits-detailed-feasibility-reports-for-phase-ii-project-extension-a-progress-report-3251256/|title=CMRL submits Detailed Feasibility Reports for Phase II project extension|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=22 September 2023|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=29 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429192946/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-chennai-metro-cmrl-submits-detailed-feasibility-reports-for-phase-ii-project-extension-a-progress-report-3251256/|url-status=live}}</ref> The extension was scrapped due to patronage and profitability concerns.<ref name="GH">{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/chennai/chennai-siruseri-kilambakkam-bus-terminus-metro-plans-dropped-deemed-non-feasible-article-109979552|title=Metro from Siruseri- Kilambakkam Bus Terminus Metro Plans Dropped, deemed non-feasible|newspaper=[[Times Now]]|date=9 May 2024|access-date=11 May 2024|archive-date=11 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511082443/https://www.timesnownews.com/chennai/chennai-siruseri-kilambakkam-bus-terminus-metro-plans-dropped-deemed-non-feasible-article-109979552|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Stations ==
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;
|-
!align="center" colspan="6" style="background:Purple;" | '''Purple Line'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|S.No
! colspan="2"|Station Name<ref name="Map"/>
! rowspan="2" |Expected Opening
! rowspan="2" |Connections
! rowspan="2"|Station Layout
|-
! [[English language|English]]
![[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|1||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Madhavaram Milk Colony}}||மாதவரம் பால் பண்ணை||December 2027|| {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Red|croute}} (''Under Construction'')||Underground
|-
|2||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Madhavaram High Road}}||மாதவரம் நெடுஞ்சாலை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|3||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Moolakadai}}||மூலக்கடை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|4||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Sembiyum}}||செம்பியம்
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|5||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Perambur Market}}||பெரம்பூர் அங்காடி
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|6||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Perambur}}||பெரம்பூர்
|December 2027||
[[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|link=Chennai_Suburban_Railway|20x20px|up]] [[Perambur railway station|Perambur]] ([[West Line, Chennai Suburban|West Line]])
|Underground
|-
|7||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Ayanavaram}}||அயனாவரம்
|December 2027||Ayanavaram MTC Bus Depot
|Underground
|-
|8||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Otteri}}||ஓட்டேரி
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|9||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Pattalam}}||பட்டாளம்
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|10||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Perambur Barracks Road}}||பெரம்பூர் பேரக்ஸ் சாலை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|11||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Purasaiwakkam}}||புரசைவாக்கம்
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|12||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Kellys}}||கெல்லீஸ்
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|13||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Kilpauk}}||கீழ்ப்பாக்கம்
|December 2027||{{rcb|Chennai Metro|Green|croute}}
|Underground
|-
|14||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Chetpet}}||சேத்துப்பட்டு
|December 2027||
[[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|link=Chennai_Suburban_Railway|20x20px|up]] [[Chetpet railway station|Chetpet]] ([[South Line, Chennai Suburban|South Line]])
|Underground
|-
|15||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Sterling Road}}||ஸ்டெர்லிங் சாலை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|16||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Nungambakkam}}||நுங்கம்பாக்கம்
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|17||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Anna Flyover}}||அண்ணா மேம்பாலம்
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|18||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Thousand Lights}}||ஆயிரம் விளக்கு
|December 2027||{{rcb|Chennai Metro|Blue|croute}}
|Underground
|-
|19||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Royapettah}}||ராயப்பேட்டை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|20||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai}}||டாக்டர் ராதாகிருஷ்ணன் சாலை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|21||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Thirumayilai}}||திருமயிலை
|December 2027||[[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|link=Chennai_MRTS|20x20px|up]] [[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]]
([[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|Chennai MRTS]]) {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Yellow|croute}} (''Under Construction'')
|Underground
|-
|22||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Mandaiveli}}||மந்தைவெளி
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|23||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Greenways Road}}||பசுமைவழிச் சாலை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|24||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Adyar Junction}}||அடையாறு சந்திப்பு
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|25||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Adyar Depot}}||அடையாறு பணிமனை
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|26||[[Chennai Indira Nagar metro station|Indira Nagar]]||இந்திரா நகர்
|December 2027|| [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|link=Chennai_MRTS|20x20px|up]] [[Indira Nagar railway station|Indira Nagar]]
([[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|Chennai MRTS]])
|Underground
|-
|27||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Thiruvanmiyur}}||திருவான்மியூர்
|December 2027||[[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|link=Chennai_MRTS|20x20px|up]] [[Thiruvanmiyur railway station|Thiruvanmiyur]]
([[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|Chennai MRTS]])
|Underground
|-
|28||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Taramani}}||தரமணி
|December 2027||
|Underground
|-
|29||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Nehru Nagar}}||நேரு நகர்
|March 2027|| ||Elevated
|-
|30||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Kandanchavadi}}||கந்தன்சாவடி
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|31||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Perungudi}}||பெருங்குடி
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|32||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Thoraipakkam}}||துரைப்பாக்கம்
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|33||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Mettukuppam}}||மேட்டுக்குப்பம்
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|34||{{stl|Chennai Metro|PTC Colony}}||பி.டி.சி. காலனி
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|35||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Okkiyampet}}||ஒக்கியம்பேட்டை
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|36||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Karapakkam}}||காரப்பாக்கம்
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|37||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Okkiyam Thoraipakkam}}||ஒக்கியம் துரைப்பாக்கம்
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|38||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Sholinganallur}}||சோழிங்கநல்லூர்
|March 2027||{{rcb|Chennai Metro|Red|croute}} (''Under Construction'')
|Elevated
|-
|39||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Sholinganallur Lake I}}||சோழிங்கநல்லூர் ஏரி I
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|40||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Sholinganallur Lake II}}||சோழிங்கநல்லூர் ஏரி II
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|41||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Semmancheri Depot}}||செம்மஞ்சேரி பணிமனை
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|42||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Semmancheri I}}||செம்மஞ்சேரி I
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|43||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Semmancheri II}}||செம்மஞ்சேரி II
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|44||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Gandhi Nagar}}||காந்தி நகர்
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|45||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Navallur}}||நாவலூர்
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|46||{{stl|Chennai Metro|Siruseri}}||சிறுசேரி
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|47||{{stl|Chennai Metro|SIPCOT 1}}||சிப்காட் 1
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|-
|48||{{stl|Chennai Metro|SIPCOT 2}}||சிப்காட் 2
|March 2027||
|Elevated
|}

{{note label|§|§|§}} under construction

==See also==
* [[List of metro systems]]
* [[Rapid transit in India]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chennai Metro|line 3=yes}}

{{Portal bar|India|Transport|Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Metro - Line 3}}
[[Category:Chennai Metro lines]]

Sunehri Masjid (Chandni Chowk)

2026-03-22T17:55:55Z

Bruce06828: done

{{Short description|Mosque in Delhi, India}}
{{Distinguish|Sunehri Masjid (Red Fort)}}
{{for|similarly named mosques|Golden Mosque (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Sunehri Masjid
| native_name = {{langx|ur|سنہری مسجد (چاندنی چوک)}}
| image = Sunehri Masjid, Chandni Chowk, Delhi.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption = The mosque at [[Chandni Chowk]], in 2009
| location = [[Chandni Chowk]], [[Old Delhi]], [[Central Delhi]], [[Delhi NCT]]
| geo = {{Coord|28.656050|77.231887|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN-DL|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Delhi central
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Old Delhi|Central Delhi]]
|consecration_year=
|leadership=
|website=
|architect=
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]
|facade_direction=
| year_completed = 1722
|construction_cost=
|capacity=
|length=
|width=
|width_nave=
|height_max=
| dome_quantity = Three
|dome_height_outer=
|dome_height_inner=
|dome_dia_outer=
|dome_dia_inner=
|minaret_quantity = Two
|minaret_height=
|spire_quantity=
|spire_height=
|materials=
}}

The '''Sunehri Masjid''' ({{langx|ur|سنہری مسجد چاندنی چوک||Golden Mosque}}) is an 18th-century [[mosque]] in the [[Chandni Chowk]] neighbourhood of [[Old Delhi]], [[India]]. It was built by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] noble [[Roshan-ud-Daulah|Roshan-ud-Daula]], during the reign of [[Mughal Emperor|Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]]. It is located near the [[Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib]] in Chandni Chowk, once an imperial boulevard leading to the [[Red Fort]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The mosque's original appearance has been altered as extensions to accommodate the faithful have been constructed. The mosque is also under threat from encroachment.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

== History ==
The Sunehri Masjid was built in the period 1721–1722 by [[Roshan-ud-Daulah|Roshan-ud-Daula]], a Mughal [[amir]] who was beginning to rise to power in the court of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. The mosque was dedicated to Roshan-ud-Daula's spiritual mentor, Shah Bhik.<ref name=Asher>{{Cite book |author=Asher, Catherine B. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/260144059 |title=Architecture of Mughal India |date=1992 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-26728-5 |oclc=260144059 }}</ref>{{rp|295–298}}

In 1739, the Persian [[Nadir Shah]] [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|invaded Delhi]]. Standing in the Sunehri Masjid, he ordered the plunder of Delhi, which resulted in an immense loss of life and damage to the city.<ref name=Asher/>{{rp|301}}

In 1897, Islamic scholar Amin al-Din established [[Madrasa Aminia]] at the Sunehri Masjid, later on shifting it to [[Kashmiri Gate, Delhi|Kashmiri Gate]] in 1917.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhL_Pmo1M4kC&q=Madrasa+Aminia+Islamia+Arabia&pg=PT45 |title=Delhi: Phoenix City |isbn=9788184754919 |author=Jhabvala, C. S. H. |date=24 May 2012 |publisher=Penguin Books India |page=45 }}</ref>

== Architecture ==
Elevated above street level on a plinth, the Sunehri Masjid is reached by a flight of stairs. The mosque is topped by three bulbous, gilted domes, and features slender [[minaret]]s. The [[façade]] of the mosque bears three arched entryways. The interior of the mosque is divided into three [[Bay (architecture)|bays]]. Stucco decoration work appears in both the interior and exterior of the mosque, in the form of arabesques and floral motifs.<ref name=Asher/>{{rp|295–298}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Alfieri |first=Bianca Maria |title=Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |publisher=Lawrence King Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=9781856691895 |page=276}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
The Sunehri Masjid of Roshan ud-Dawla at Chandni Chowk in Delhi - a painting by Ghulam Ali Khan 026b.jpg|1850s painting of the mosque, by [[Ghulam Ali Khan]]
Shahi Sunheri Masjid, Chandni Chowk, Delhi.jpg|The mosque in 2022, after the newly placed walls were installed
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:1722 establishments in India]]
[[Category:18th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1720s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Delhi]]
[[Category:Mughal mosques]]
[[Category:Red Fort]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1722]]

The Kashmir Files

2026-03-21T08:03:23Z

Bruce06828: small add lead per sources and added references

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|2022 Indian film by Vivek Agnihotri}}
{{for|the 2023 TV series|The Kashmir Files: Unreported}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Kashmir Files
| image = The Kashmir Files poster.jpg
| alt = The Kashmir Files
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vivek Agnihotri]]
| producer = {{Unbulleted list|Tej Narayan Agarwal|Abhishek Agarwal|[[Pallavi Joshi]]|Vivek Agnihotri<ref name="BBC"/>}}
| writer = {{Unbulleted list|Vivek Agnihotri|Saurabh M. Pandey}}
| starring = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mithun Chakraborty]]|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Darshan Kumar]]|[[Pallavi Joshi]]|[[Chinmay Mandlekar]]|[[Bhasha Sumbli]]}}
| music = [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]]
| cinematography = Udaysingh Mohite
| editing = Shankh Rajadhyaksha
| studio = {{Unbulleted list|[[Zee Studios]]|Abhishek Agarwal Arts|I am Buddha Production}}
| distributor = Zee Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|03|11}}
| runtime = 170 minutes<ref name="BBFC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-kashmir-files-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdazmtuw |title=The Kashmir Files |date=9 March 2022 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309182020/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-kashmir-files-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdazmtuw |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| budget = {{INR|15-25 crore}}<ref name="DNA budget">{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-the-kashmir-file-vivek-agnihotri-film-becomes-first-hindi-movie-to-cross-rs-250-crore-post-pandemic-covid-19-2945589 | title=Vivek Agnihotri's the Kashmir Files becomes first Hindi movie to cross Rs 250 crore post-pandemic | access-date=30 May 2022 | archive-date=30 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530151952/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-the-kashmir-file-vivek-agnihotri-film-becomes-first-hindi-movie-to-cross-rs-250-crore-post-pandemic-covid-19-2945589 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GQ budget">{{cite news |last1=Saeed |first1=Umaima |title=The Kashmir Files: Here's how many crores the movie made in 10 days |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/the-kashmir-files-heres-how-many-crores-the-movie-has-made-in-10-days |work=GQ India |date=21 March 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530121938/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/the-kashmir-files-heres-how-many-crores-the-movie-has-made-in-10-days |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|340.92 crore}}<ref name="bo"/>
}}

'''''The Kashmir Files''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi-language]] drama film written and directed by [[Vivek Agnihotri]].<ref name="Bollywood Hungama 8 Feb">{{Cite news |last=Seta |first=Fenil |date=8 February 2022 |title=Vivek Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files to Clash with Prabhas-starrer Radhe Shyam on March 11 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-clash-prabhas-starrer-radhe-shyam-march-11/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318152614/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-clash-prabhas-starrer-radhe-shyam-march-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film presents a fictional storyline<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Meryl |date=15 March 2022 |title=Kashmir Files Vivek Agnihotri's film exposes India's new fault lines |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60732939 |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427045135/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60732939 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=Kashmir Files, hailed by Modi, triggers anti-Muslim hate speech |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/17/kashmir-files-film-modi-anti-muslim-hate-speech |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322125423/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/17/kashmir-files-film-modi-anti-muslim-hate-speech |url-status=live }}</ref> centred around the 1990 [[exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]] from the [[Kashmir Valley]] in Indian-administered [[Kashmir]].<ref name=britannica-jammu-kashmir>{{citation|last1=Akhtar|first1=Rais|last2=Kirk|first2=William|title=Jammu and Kashmir, State, India|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|access-date=7 August 2019|quote=Jammu and Kashmir, state of India, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges. The state is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820091609/https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Jan·Osmańczyk2003">{{citation |last1=Jan·Osmaczyk |first1=Edmund |title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191 |page=1191 |year=2003 |editor-last=Mango |editor-first=Anthony |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-93922-5 |quote=Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China. |access-date=2 April 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191 |url-status=live }}</ref> It depicts the exodus and the events leading up to it{{refn|The exodus followed the rise of violence in an [[insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]}} as a [[genocide]],<ref name="Shilajit Mitra">{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Shilajit |date=12 March 2022 |title=Kashmir Files, A limp attempt at provocation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/12/movie-review-kashmir-files-a-limp-attempt-at-provocation-2429076.html |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312233944/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/12/movie-review-kashmir-files-a-limp-attempt-at-provocation-2429076.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Anuj Kumar"/><ref name="Asim Ali"/><ref name="Ipsita Chakravarty"/> a framing considered inaccurate by scholars.<ref name="conspiracy-aggression-propaganda">*{{Cite journal |last=Evans |first=Alexander |date=2002-03-01 |title=A departure from history: Kashmiri Pandits, 1990-2001 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/0958493022000000341 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=19–37 |doi=10.1080/0958493022000000341 |issn=0958-4935 |quote="My own interviews with a number of KPs in Jammu, many of whom hold Pakistan responsible, suggest suspicions of ethnic cleansing or even genocide are wide of the mark. The two conspiracy theories already described are not evidence based. As Sumantra Bose observes, those Rashtriya Swayam Sevak publications’ claims that large numbers of Hindu shrines were destroyed and Pandits murdered are largely false, to the extent that many of the shrines remain untouched and many of the casualties remain unsubstantiated." |s2cid=145573161 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{citation |last=Bose |first=Sumantra |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir at the Crossroads: Inside a 21st-century conflict |location=New Haven and London |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2021 |page=122 |isbn=978-0-300-25687-1 |quote=In 1991 the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the movement’s parent organisation, published a book titled Genocide of Hindus in Kashmir. (Footnote 38: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, ''Genocide of Hindus in Kashmir'' (Delhi: Suruchi Prakashan, 1991)) It claimed among many other things that at least forty Hindu temples in the Kashmir Valley had been desecrated and destroyed by Muslim militants. In February 1993 journalists from India’s leading newsmagazine sallied forth from Delhi to the Valley, armed with a list of twenty-three demolished temples supplied by the national headquarters of the BJP, the movement’s political party. They found that twenty-one of the twenty-three temples were intact. They reported that ‘even in villages where only one or two Pandit families are left, the temples are safe ... even in villages full of militants. The Pandit families have become custodians of the temples, encouraged by their Muslim neighbours to regularly offer prayers.’ Two temples had sustained minor damage during unrest after a huge, organised Hindu nationalist mob razed a sixteenth-century mosque in the north Indian town of Ayodhya on 6 December 1992. (Footnote 39: ''India Today'', 28 February 1993, pp.22–25)}}
*{{citation |last=Bhatia |first=Mohita |title=Rethinking Conflict at the Margins: Dalits and Borderland Hindus in Jammu and Kashmir |pages=123–124 |year=2020 |location=Cambridge, UK and New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-83602-9 |quote=The dominant politics of Jammu representing 'Hindus' as a homogeneous block includes Pandits in the wider 'Hindu' category. It often uses extremely aggressive terms such as 'genocide' or 'ethnic cleansing' to explain their migration and places them in opposition to Kashmiri Muslims. The BJP has appropriated the miseries of Pandits to expand their 'Hindu' constituency and projects them as victims who have been driven out from their homeland by militants and Kashmiri Muslims.}}
*{{citation |last=Rai |first=Mridu |title=Kashmir and the Future of South Asia |pages=91–115, 106 |year=2021 |editor1-last=Bose |editor1-first=Sugata |series=Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series |chapter=Narratives from exile: Kashmiri Pandits and their construction of the past |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K20LEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000318845 |quote=Among those who stayed on is Sanjay Tickoo who heads the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (Committee for the Kashmiri Pandits’ Struggle). He had experienced the same threats as the Pandits who left. Yet, though admitting ‘intimidation and violence’ directed at Pandits and four massacres since 1990, he rejects as ‘propaganda’ stories of genocide or mass murder that Pandit organizations outside the Valley have circulated. |author-link=Mridu Rai |editor2-last=Jalal |editor2-first=Ayesha |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314152555/https://books.google.com/books?id=K20LEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite interview |last=Rai |first=Mridu |subject-link=Mridu Rai |interviewer=Azad Essa |title=Kashmir: The Pandit question |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/8/1/kashmir-the-pandit-question |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=1 August 2011 |quote=[T]here is agreement at least that the number has to be a substantial proportion of the total population of the group. And here the numbers of Kashmiri Pandit killings do not technically support the use of the label of genocide. There are [also] several other factors, beyond the question of numbers, according to which the Pandits cannot be considered to be the victims of genocide.{{pb}}For one, they were not the sole victims of targeted killings in Kashmir since 1990.{{pb}}Kashmiri Muslims who dissented from the ideologies of various militant groups have also been systematically liquidated in the way in which Pandits had been. This does not conform to the accepted definition of genocide that is waged against a group defined collectively as the ‘other’, since Pandit claims of genocide rests on their being targeted for their religious identity.{{pb}}Secondly, genocide is preceded and accompanied by the dehumanisation of its victims. There is no evidence of such denial of humanity of the Pandits having taken place among the Kashmiri Muslims accused of perpetrating their mass destruction.{{pb}}And finally genocides are extremely well-organised acts involving the training of armed groups, indoctrinated fully into an ideological inflexibility so severe that it can override wider social opinion and consensus.{{pb}}There is no evidence of this having been the case in the valley. |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511051421/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/8/1/kashmir-the-pandit-question |url-status=live }}</ref> The film claims that such facts were suppressed by a [[Conspiracy of silence (expression)|conspiracy of silence]].<ref name="Roy Chudhury truth">{{Cite magazine |last=Roy Chowdhury |first=Debasish |date=2022-03-30 |title=Column: How One Film Marks India's Descent Into Darkness |url=https://time.com/6162035/kashmir-files-india-hindu-muslim/ |magazine=TIME |quote=The “truth” that the film claims to reveal is that there was a “genocide” of Pandits in the 1990s, hidden by a callous ruling establishment and a servile media. Pandits were killed in their thousands, it claims, and not in the low hundreds as the government and Kashmiri Pandit organizations have stated. |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403201139/https://time.com/6162035/kashmir-files-india-hindu-muslim/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title='The Kashmir Files' movie review: A disturbing take which grips and gripes in turns |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |quote=The film is based on the testimonies of the people scarred for generations by the insurgency in the State, and presents the tragic exodus as a full-scale genocide, akin to the Holocaust, that was deliberately kept away from the rest of India by the media, the 'intellectual' lobby and the government of the day because of their vested interests. |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314184836/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

''The Kashmir Files'' stars [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Darshan Kumar]], and [[Pallavi Joshi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Shrishti |date=9 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Producer Pallavi Joshi: Am I Making the Film for Hindu Rashtra? I'm Just Telling a Story |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-kashmir-files-producer-pallavi-joshi-am-i-making-the-film-for-hindu-rashtra-im-just-telling-a-story-4854995.html |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=News18 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311075751/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-kashmir-files-producer-pallavi-joshi-am-i-making-the-film-for-hindu-rashtra-im-just-telling-a-story-4854995.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The plot follows a Kashmiri Hindu college student, raised by his exiled grandfather and shielded from the knowledge of the circumstances of the death of his parents. After his grandfather's death, the student, who had come to believe at college that the exodus was benign, becomes driven to uncover the facts of his family's deaths. The plot alternates between the student's quest in the present time, 2020, and his family's travails of thirty years before. The film was released in theatres on 11 March 2022.<ref name="Bollywood Hungama 8 Feb" /> It was a commercial success.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="Scroll BJP Promoting">{{Cite web |last=Poddar |first=Umang |date=17 March 2022 |title=How the BJP is promoting 'The Kashmir Files': Modi's endorsement, tax breaks, leave from work |url=https://scroll.in/article/1019708/how-the-bjp-is-promoting-the-kashmir-files-modis-endorsement-tax-breaks-leave-from-work |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=Scroll.in |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318052302/https://scroll.in/article/1019708/how-the-bjp-is-promoting-the-kashmir-files-modis-endorsement-tax-breaks-leave-from-work |url-status=live }}</ref>

''The Kashmir Files'' received mixed reviews upon release,<ref name="BBC" /> with praise directed to its cinematography and the performances of the ensemble cast.{{refn|<ref name="Quint review" /><ref name="TKFDH" /><ref name="pinkvilla2" />}} However its storyline attracted criticism for attempting to recast established history<ref name="Shilajit Mitra" /><ref name="Anuj Kumar">{{citation |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title='The Kashmir Files' movie review: A disturbing take which grips and gripes in turns |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314184836/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BBC News2" /> and propagating [[Islamophobia]].<ref name="Al Jazeera" /><ref name="Anuj Kumar" /><ref name="BBC News2" /><ref name="Shubhra Gupta" /><ref name="Siasat">{{Cite news |date=14 March 2022 |title='The Kashmir Files' is Hindutva's latest anti-Muslim weapon |url=https://www.siasat.com/the-kashmir-files-is-hindutvas-latest-anti-muslim-weapon-2290523/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[The Siasat Daily]] |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315151604/https://www.siasat.com/the-kashmir-files-is-hindutvas-latest-anti-muslim-weapon-2290523/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Supporters have praised the film for showing what they say is an overlooked aspect of Kashmir's history.<ref name="Al Jazeera" /><ref name="BBC News2" /><ref name="France24">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |publisher=Agence France-Presse |title=India's Hindu hardliners jump on Kashmir blockbuster |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220408-india-s-hindu-hardliners-jump-on-kashmir-blockbuster |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=France 24 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410190630/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220408-india-s-hindu-hardliners-jump-on-kashmir-blockbuster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=The Kashmir Files: Videos of Anti-Muslim Hate, Slogans in Theatres Go Viral |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-kashmir-files-anti-muslim-hate-slogans-enter-theatres-across-country |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=TheQuint |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317145910/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-kashmir-files-anti-muslim-hate-slogans-enter-theatres-across-country |url-status=live }}</ref> Made on a production budget of approximately {{INRConvert|15|c|lk=on}}<ref name="India Today">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-the-kashmir-files-is-a-blockbuster-nobody-saw-coming-1925582-2022-03-15|publisher=India Today|title=Why the Kashmir files is a blockbuster|last=Singh|first=Suhani|date=15 March 2022|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316052752/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-the-kashmir-files-is-a-blockbuster-nobody-saw-coming-1925582-2022-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref> to {{INRConvert|25|c|lk=off}}<ref name="GQ budget" /> the film grossed {{INRConvert|340.92|c|lk=off}} worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-kashmir-files/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504153908/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-kashmir-files/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> becoming the [[List of Hindi films of 2022#Box office collection|third highest-grossing Hindi film of 2022]].

At the [[69th National Film Awards]], ''The Kashmir Files'' won 2 awards – [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Integration]] and [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Joshi).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/|title=69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun, RRR, Gangubai Kathiawadi win big|date=24 August 2023}}</ref> At the [[68th Filmfare Awards]], the film received 7 nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Agnihotri), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Kher) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Kumar and Chakraborty).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nominations for 68th Filmfare Awards 2023 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2023/nominations |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==

The plot frequently switches between the contemporary period set in the year 2020 and flashbacks to 1989–1990 throughout the film.

'''Circa 1989–1990'''

In 1989–90 [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]], Islamic militants storm and [[Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits|banish]] [[Kashmiri Pandits]] from the [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir valley]] using the slogans ''Raliv, Chaliv ya Galiv'' ("convert (to Islam), leave or die") and ''Al-Safa Batte Dafa'' ("with god's grace whole Kashmiri Pandit community will leave valley"). Pushkar Nath Pandit, a teacher, fears for the safety of his son Karan, who has been accused by the militants of being an Indian spy. Pushkar requests his friend Brahma Dutt, a civil servant, for Karan's protection. Brahma travels with Pushkar to Kashmir and witnesses the violence against Kashmiri Pandits. He takes up the issue with the [[chief minister]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (J&K), who suspends Brahma.

Militant commander Farooq Malik Bitta, also a former student of Pushkar, breaches Pushkar Nath's house. Karan hides in a rice container but is found and shot by Bitta. Pushkar and his daughter-in-law Sharda plead for their lives. Bitta compels Sharda to eat rice soaked in Karan's blood in exchange for their lives. After Bitta and his gang leave the house, Pushkar begs his doctor friend Mahesh Kumar to bring an ambulance and save Karan's life. However, the hospital gets taken over by militants, who forbid the hospital staff from treating non-Muslims. Subsequently, Karan succumbs to injuries from the gunshots.

To ensure their safety, Pushkar and his family are taken by their journalist friend Vishnu Ram to Kaul, a Hindu poet who maintains a cordial relationship with Muslims. Kaul takes in many Pandits into his home but a group of militants arrives to pick Kaul and his son up under the guise of offering protection. The rest of the Pandits leave the place but are later shocked to find corpses of Kaul and his son hanging from trees.

The refugee Pandits from the Kashmir valley settle in [[Jammu]] and live on meagre ration and in poor conditions. Brahma is appointed as an advisor to the new Governor of J&K. At his request, the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] visits the Jammu camps where Pushkar demands the removal of [[Article 370]] and the resettlement of Kashmiri Pandits. Brahma manages to get Sharda a government job in Nadimarg in Kashmir, and the family moves there.

One day, a group of militants headed by Bitta dress up as members of the [[Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir|Indian Army]] and arrive at Nadimarg. They start rounding up the Pandits living there. Sharda resists when the militants get hold of her elder son Shiva. Angry Farooq strips her and saws her body in half. He lines up Shiva and the remaining Pandits and shoots them into a mass grave. Pushkar is spared to spread the word about what happened.

'''2020'''

In the present day, Sharda's younger son Krishna is brought up by Pushkar. He believes that his parents had died in an accident. A student of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|ANU]],{{efn|name=JNU|In India, reference to [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|JNU]] has been changed to ANU following the directions of [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BREAKING: Vivek Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files passed with an 'A' certificate and 7 minor cuts by CBFC; name of the university changed from JNU to ANU |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-passed-certificate-7-minor-cuts-cbfc-name-university-changed-jnu-anu/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=8 March 2022 |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308110121/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-passed-certificate-7-minor-cuts-cbfc-name-university-changed-jnu-anu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with [[The Lallantop|Lallantop]] on 16 March 2022, Vivek Agnihotri mentioned that the name of the university has been retained as JNU in the international print of the movie.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWq3IRbdwq0|title = The Kashmir Files Interview । Vivek Agnihotri & Pallavi Joshi । Saurabh Dwivedi । the Lallantop|website = [[YouTube]]| date=16 March 2022 |access-date = 18 March 2022|archive-date = 18 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220318092939/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWq3IRbdwq0|url-status = live}}</ref> }} Krishna is under the influence of professor Radhika Menon who is a supporter of [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Kashmiri separatism]]. Pushkar's friends Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh, and police officer Hari Narain, who had served in Kashmir when Karan was killed, recall the events of Kashmir from their memory that Brahma calls a "[[genocide]]".

Krishna contests the ANU's student election. Following the advice of professor Radhika Menon, he holds the [[Government of India]] responsible for the issue of Kashmir, much to the anger of Pushkar. Later, when Pushkar dies, Krishna travels to his ancestral home in Kashmir to scatter the ashes per Pushkar's last wish. Menon asks Krishna to record some footage in Kashmir to expose the government's supposed atrocities. With the help of one of Menon's contacts, Krishna meets Bitta and accuses him of being responsible for the situation of the Pandits. But Bitta declares himself to be a new-age [[Gandhi]] who is leading a non-violent democratic movement. Bitta claims that it was the [[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir|Indian Army]], who killed Krishna's mother and brother. When Krishna questions Brahma about this claim, Brahma hands him files of newspaper cuttings (collected by Pushkar), reporting that militants, disguised as Indian Army soldiers, had killed them.

Krishna returns to [[Delhi]] and gives his scheduled speech for the university presidential elections to a roaring crowd at the ANU campus. He elaborates on the history of Kashmir and the plight of his family and other Kashmiri Hindu victims that he had discovered from his visit. This shocks his mentor professor Menon and her other students, and Krishna is initially met with resistance and ridicule at the meeting. Some students eventually welcome and applaud Krishna's speech.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mithun Chakraborty]] as [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] Brahma Dutt<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mithun Chakraborty, Anupam Kher, Pallavi Joshi, Darshan Kumaar and Puneet Isaar are the key artists in the movie 'The Kashmir Files'|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/not-anupam-kher-but-mithun-chakraborty-was-the-highest-paid-actor-of-the-kashmir-files-here-what-the-rest-charged-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-90396608|date=18 March 2022|access-date=19 March 2022|website=[[Times Now]]|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323114413/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/not-anupam-kher-but-mithun-chakraborty-was-the-highest-paid-actor-of-the-kashmir-files-here-what-the-rest-charged-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-90396608|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Anupam Kher]] as Pushkar Nath Pandit<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anupam Kher calls The Kashmir Files a movement, shares video of youngsters urging people to watch film|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anupam-kher-calls-the-kashmir-files-a-movement-shares-video-of-youngsters-urging-people-to-watch-film-1926206-2022-03-16|date=18 March 2022|access-date=19 March 2022|website=[[India Today]]|language=en|archive-date=17 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317021235/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anupam-kher-calls-the-kashmir-files-a-movement-shares-video-of-youngsters-urging-people-to-watch-film-1926206-2022-03-16|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Darshan Kumar]] as Krishna Pandit
** Kunj Gosai as young Krishna
* [[Pallavi Joshi]] as [[Nivedita Menon|Radhika Menon]]
* [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as [[Farooq Ahmed Dar|Farooq Malik Bitta]]
* [[Prakash Belawadi]] as Dr. Mahesh Kumar
* [[Puneet Issar]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] Hari Narain
* Amaan Iqbal as Karan Pandit
* [[Bhasha Sumbli]] as Sharda Pandit
* [[Mrinal Kulkarni]] as Laxmi Dutt
* Atul Srivastava as Journalist Vishnu Ram
* [[Amit Behl]] as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (based on [[Farooq Abdullah]])
* Prithviraj Sarnaik as Shiva Pandit
* Vrinda Kher as Bhavani
* Anchal Dwivedi as Durga
* Rafiq Ahmed Khan as Abdul
** Tanmay Lohani as young Abdul
* KK Raina as [[Sarwanand Koul Premi]]
* Akarsh Rayu as Verinder, Premi's son
* Atul Vishnoi as Home Minister (based on [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]])
* Naveen Gairola as [[Squadron Leader]] Ravi Khanna
}}

== Production ==
On 14 August 2019, Agnihotri announced the film with its first look poster with an intent to release it on 15 August 2020, coinciding with [[India's Independence Day]]. The subject of the film was the exodus of [[Kashmiri Pandits]] that took place between the late 80s and early 90s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vivek Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files to go on floors next month |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/jan/01/vivek-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-to-go-on-floors-next-month-16315.html |access-date=31 December 2020 |publisher=[[Cinema Express]] |date=1 January 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122220820/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/jan/01/vivek-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-to-go-on-floors-next-month-16315.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 August 2019 |title=The Kashmir Files: Vivek Agnihotri announces new film through poster, announces its release on 15 August, 2020 |work=[[Firstpost]] |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-vivek-agnihotri-announces-new-film-through-poster-announces-its-release-on-15-august-2020-7162381.html |access-date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318152651/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-vivek-agnihotri-announces-new-film-through-poster-announces-its-release-on-15-august-2020-7162381.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Agnihotri touted the film to be the second instalment of his trilogy of "untold stories of independent India", which includes the films ''[[The Tashkent Files]]'' (2019) and an upcoming ''[[The Delhi Files]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2021 |title=Vivek Agnihotri to complete trilogy, announces The Delhi Files |work=Cinema Express |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2021/sep/13/vivek-agnihotri-to-complete-trilogy-announces-the-delhi-files-26602.html |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319150913/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2021/sep/13/vivek-agnihotri-to-complete-trilogy-announces-the-delhi-files-26602.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As a part of the production, Agnihotri claimed to have interviewed more than 700 emigrants from the exodus and recorded their stories over a period of two years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhargava |first=Eshita |date=7 March 2022 |title=Vivek Agnihotri on The Kashmir Files: 'I wanted to make a film about people who did not pick up guns' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vivek-agnihotri-on-the-kashmir-files-i-wanted-to-make-a-film-about-people-who-did-not-pick-up-guns-10416331.html |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=Firstpost |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311055637/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vivek-agnihotri-on-the-kashmir-files-i-wanted-to-make-a-film-about-people-who-did-not-pick-up-guns-10416331.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Actor Anupam Kher joined the cast as the lead actor of the film in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 December 2019 |title=Anupam Kher joins Vivek Agnihotri's next, The Kashmir Files |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anupam-kher-joins-vivek-agnihotris-next-the-kashmir-files/ |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511024757/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anupam-kher-joins-vivek-agnihotris-next-the-kashmir-files/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first schedule of the film, supposed to take place in March 2020, was called off due the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]],<ref>{{cite news |date=17 March 2020 |title=COVID 19 effect: Shooting of 'The Kashmir Files' called off |work=Entertainment Times |publisher=The Times of India |agency=IANS |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/covid-19-effect-shooting-of-the-kashmir-files-called-off/articleshow/74673912.cms |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323011349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/covid-19-effect-shooting-of-the-kashmir-files-called-off/articleshow/74673912.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and was started later the same year in December in [[Mussoorie]].<ref name="Tribune Yograj Singh" /> The entire film was shot in 30 days, largely in Mussoorie and [[Dehradun]], along with a week-long shooting schedule in Kashmir, including at [[Dal Lake]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Neha |date=15 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files DOP Uday Singh Mohite says the shooting experience was depressing. Here's why |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-kashmir-files-dop-uday-singh-mohite-says-the-shooting-experience-was-depressing-here-s-why-exclusive-1925638-2022-03-15 |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=India Today |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408090848/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-kashmir-files-dop-uday-singh-mohite-says-the-shooting-experience-was-depressing-here-s-why-exclusive-1925638-2022-03-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Yograj Singh]] was removed before the production started in December 2020 for his speeches at the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]], and [[Puneet Issar]] was brought in as the replacement.<ref name="Tribune Yograj Singh">{{cite news |date=12 December 2020 |title=Yograj Singh out of Vivek Ranjan Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune India]] |publisher= |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/yograj-singh-out-of-vivek-ranjan-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-183221 |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318152700/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/yograj-singh-out-of-vivek-ranjan-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-183221 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Puneet Issar Replaces Yograj Singh In 'The Kashmir Files' Post Singh's Derogatory Remark |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/puneet-issar-replaces-yograj-singh-in-the-kashmir-files-post-singhs-derogatory-remarks/23144242 |access-date=31 December 2020 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218032517/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/puneet-issar-replaces-yograj-singh-in-the-kashmir-files-post-singhs-derogatory-remarks/23144242 |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[line producer]], Sarahna died during the production by suicide.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cyril |first=Grace |date=9 July 2021 |title=Kashmir Files line producer Sarahna dies by suicide, Anupam Kher cites depression |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kashmir-files-line-producer-sarahna-dies-by-suicide-anupam-kher-cites-depression-1825957-2021-07-09 |access-date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318204139/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kashmir-files-line-producer-sarahna-dies-by-suicide-anupam-kher-cites-depression-1825957-2021-07-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> The production was wrapped up by 16 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2021 |title=It's a wrap for The Kashmir Files |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jan/16/its-a-wrap-for-the-kashmir-files-22279.html |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |archive-date=3 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503130615/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jan/16/its-a-wrap-for-the-kashmir-files-22279.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Produced by Tej Narayan Agarwal, Abhishek Agarwal, Pallavi Joshi and Vivek Agnihotri under the banners of Zee Studios, IAmBuddha and Abhishek Agarwal Arts,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=3 April 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files producer announces next pan-India film, Vivek Agnihotri attends launch event |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-kashmir-files-producer-announces-next-pan-india-film-vivek-agnihotri-attends-launch-event-1932994-2022-04-03 |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502093453/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-kashmir-files-producer-announces-next-pan-india-film-vivek-agnihotri-attends-launch-event-1932994-2022-04-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> the film was made on a budget of approximately {{INRConvert|15|c}}<ref name="India Today2">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Suhani |date=15 March 2022 |title=Why the Kashmir files is a blockbuster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-the-kashmir-files-is-a-blockbuster-nobody-saw-coming-1925582-2022-03-15 |access-date=15 March 2022 |publisher=India Today |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316052752/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-the-kashmir-files-is-a-blockbuster-nobody-saw-coming-1925582-2022-03-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> to {{INRConvert|25|c}}.<ref name="GQ budget" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox Album
| name = The Kashmir Files
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]] and [[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
| released = 19 April 2022<ref name="jiosaavn" />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 34:59
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|CCll0BtXAqQ|The Kashmir Files - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]] and [[Swapnil Bandodkar]].<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |date=19 April 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sounds-of-the-kashmir-files/k3aGRTfw7u0_ |publisher=Jiosaavn |access-date=19 April 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422034000/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sounds-of-the-kashmir-files/k3aGRTfw7u0_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 34:59
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Theme From The Kashmir Files
| extra1 = Instrumental
| music1 = [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]]
| lyrics1 = Instrumental
| length1 = 4:40
| title2 = Al Jihad
| extra2 = Instrumental
| music2 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics2 = Instrumental
| length2 = 0:55
| title3 = Brahma Dutt's Theme
| extra3 = Instrumental
| music3 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics3 = Instrumental
| length3 = 4:13
| title4 = Azadi
| extra4 = Instrumental
| music4 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics4 = Instrumental
| length4 = 1:04
| title5 = Krishna's Theme
| extra5 = Instrumental
| music5 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics5 = Instrumental
| length5 = 2:08
| title6 = Raliv, Galiv Ya Chaliv
| extra6 = Instrumental
| music6 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics6 = Instrumental
| length6 = 2:12
| title7 = Hum Dekhenge
| note7 = Unplugged Version
| extra7 = [[Pallavi Joshi]]
| music7 = [[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
| lyrics7 = [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]]
| length7 = 1:38
| title8 = Hum Dekhenge
| extra8 = [[Swapnil Bandodkar]], Pallavi Joshi, Shahzad Ali, [[Salman Ali]], [[Meghna Mishra]], Ananya Wadkar
| music8 = Swapnil Bandodkar
| lyrics8 = Faiz Ahmad Faiz
| length8 = 3:41
| title9 = Hum Dekhenge
| note9 = Extended Version
| extra9 = Swapnil Bandodkar, Pallavi Joshi, Shahzad Ali, Salman Ali, Meghna Mishra, Ananya Wadkar
| music9 = Swapnil Bandodkar
| lyrics9 = Faiz Ahmad Faiz
| length9 = 2:06
| title10 = Roshey
| extra10 = Noor Mohammad
| music10 = Traditional
| lyrics10 = Traditional
| length10 = 8:25
| title11 = Krishna's Speech
| extra11 = Noor Mohammad
| music11 = [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]]
| lyrics11 = Traditional
| length11 = 1:27
| title12 = Death Of Sharda
| extra12 = Instrumental
| music12 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics12 = Instrumental
| length12 = 1:24
| title13 = The Kashmir Files Title Theme
| extra13 = Instrumental
| music13 = Rohit Sharma
| lyrics13 = Instrumental
| length13 = 1:06
}}

== Release ==
===Certification===
The [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian Censor board]] (CBFC) gave ''The Kashmir Files'' [[Central Board of Film Certification#A certificate|A certificate]], which is restricted to [[18 rating|adults (aged 18 and above)]]. According to CBFC, it is a feature film in the genre '[[drama film|drama]]' and there is no mention of the film being commercial/documentary in the CBFC records.<ref name="Censor board 7 April 2022">{{cite news |title=The Kashmir Files is a 'drama' movie: censor board in RTI reply |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/the-kashmir-files-is-a-drama-movie-censor-board-in-rti-reply-7857074/ |access-date=9 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409033115/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/the-kashmir-files-is-a-drama-movie-censor-board-in-rti-reply-7857074/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, the [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) passed the film uncut with a 15 classification on 9 March 2022 for ‘strong bloody violence, threat, brief scene of sexual humiliation’.<ref name="BBFC" />

Australian censors gave the film an [[Motion picture content rating system#Australia|18+]] plus rating.<ref name="Stuff 23 March 2022" />

In New Zealand, the censorship clearance was mired in controversy. The film had originally received an [[Motion picture content rating system#New Zealand|R16]] classification from the New Zealand [[Classification Office (New Zealand)|Classification Office]].<ref name="Stuff 23 March 2022">{{cite news |last1=Franks |first1=Josephine |title=Chief censor reviewing classification of The Kashmir Files after concerns from Muslim community |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/128108533/chief-censor-reviewing-classification-of-the-kashmir-files-after-concerns-from-muslim-community |access-date=23 March 2022 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=19 March 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322025444/https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/128108533/chief-censor-reviewing-classification-of-the-kashmir-files-after-concerns-from-muslim-community }}</ref> However, with the [[Islam in New Zealand|Muslim community]] raising concerns about potential incitement of [[Islamophobia]], the rating was raised to [[Motion picture content rating system#New Zealand|R18]]; [[David Shanks]], the [[Chief Censor of New Zealand]], highlighted "the nature and intensity of the violence and cruelty depicted" and defended the new age restriction to be in consistence with Australia and India.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 March 2022 |title=NZ tightens Kashmir Files rating after anti-Muslim concerns |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nz-tightens-kashmir-files-rating-after-anti-muslim-concerns/6NXDXWU2ESQUGMSUER7XFC76NY/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 March 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327110018/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nz-tightens-kashmir-files-rating-after-anti-muslim-concerns/6NXDXWU2ESQUGMSUER7XFC76NY/ }}</ref><ref name="Stuff 23 March 2022" /> Leader of the [[New Zealand First]] party [[Winston Peters]] accused the Classification Office of censoring the film based on its political content, and was supported by other politicians.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Arvind |date=2022-03-22 |title='The Kashmir Files' not a fictional movie, says New Zealand's Hindu community |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/tarana/128120899/the-kashmir-files-not-a-fictional-movie-says-new-zealands-hindu-community |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Stuff |archive-date=23 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323230337/https://www.stuff.co.nz/tarana/128120899/the-kashmir-files-not-a-fictional-movie-says-new-zealands-hindu-community |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-20 |title='The Kashmir Files' classification creates controversy in New Zealand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/the-kashmir-files-classification-creates-controversy-in-new-zealand-1093018.html |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Deccan Herald |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517220737/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/the-kashmir-files-classification-creates-controversy-in-new-zealand-1093018.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In Singapore, the film was banned by the [[Infocomm Media Development Authority|censor authority]] after a consultation with the [[Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth]] and the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]; the film's "provocative and one-sided portrayal of Muslims" was held to have the potential of disrupting "social cohesion and religious harmony".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kai |first=Ng Wei |date=9 May 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files movie banned in Singapore over potential to cause enmity, disrupt harmony |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/kashmir-files-movie-banned-in-singapore-over-potential-to-cause-enmity-disrupt-harmony |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=[[The Straits Times]] |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511050644/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/kashmir-files-movie-banned-in-singapore-over-potential-to-cause-enmity-disrupt-harmony |url-status=live }}</ref> The ban has been argued as a strong-handed way of protecting the country's [[secularism]], an approach of pre-emptive actions that the [[People's Action Party]], the governing party of Singapore, has long been undertaking to maintain racial and [[Religion in Singapore|religious]] societal harmony.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chakraborthy |first1=Antara |last2=Prakash |first2=Pravin |date=27 May 2022 |title=A tale of two countries: interpreting The Kashmir Files |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/tale-two-countries-interpreting-kashmir-files |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=The Interpreter |publisher=[[Lowy Institute]] |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628162505/https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/tale-two-countries-interpreting-kashmir-files |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Litigations ===
A [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] (PIL) was filed by an Uttar Pradesh resident which sought a stay on the film's release on grounds that the film may portray the Muslims as killers of the Kashmiri Pandits, presenting what it described as a one-sided view that would hurt the sentiments of Muslims and could trigger [[Violence against Muslims in India|violence against Muslims]]. The PIL was dismissed by the [[Bombay High Court]] on grounds that the filer should have challenged the certificate issued to the film by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name="IT plea dismissed">{{Cite web |last=Vidya |date=8 March 2022 |title=Plea against The Kashmir Files dismissed by Bombay High Court |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/plea-against-the-kashmir-files-dismissed-by-bombay-high-court-1922316-2022-03-08 |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=India Today |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308205620/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/plea-against-the-kashmir-files-dismissed-by-bombay-high-court-1922316-2022-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another lawsuit was filed by the widow of an Indian Armed Forces squadron leader who died during the Kashmir Insurgency. The widow's lawsuit said that the film portrayed a false depiction of events related to her husband and sought a stay on its release. Accordingly, the court restrained the makers from showing the relevant scenes.<ref name="IT court stays">{{Cite web |last=Dipali |first=Patel |date=10 March 2022 |title=Court stays release of Vivek Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/court-stays-release-of-vivek-agnihotri-s-the-kashmir-files-1923950-2022-03-10 |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=India Today |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310151404/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/court-stays-release-of-vivek-agnihotri-s-the-kashmir-files-1923950-2022-03-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, miscellaneous petitions were filed in various courts to stop the screening on the potential of promoting communal enmity.<ref name="CNN-28Apr22">{{Cite news |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Mitra |first2=Esha |last3=Suri |first3=Manveena |title=India's latest box office smash 'The Kashmir Files' exposes deepening religious divides |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/india-kashmir-files-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html |date=28 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702093012/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/india-kashmir-files-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Theatrical release ===
''The Kashmir Files'' was set to release theatrically worldwide on 26 January 2022, coinciding with [[India's Republic Day]], but was postponed due to the spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron variant]] of [[COVID-19]].<ref name="post:bh">{{Cite news |date=27 January 2022 |title=Vivek Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files poster gets featured at Times Square on India's 73rd Republic Day |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |agency=IANS |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-poster-gets-featured-times-square-indias-73rd-republic-day-1007624 |access-date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318194940/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/vivek-agnihotris-kashmir-files-poster-gets-featured-times-square-indias-73rd-republic-day-1007624 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was initially released in over 630 screens in India on 11 March 2022<ref name="IE box office">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files box office collection Day 1: Vivek Agnihotri film mints Rs 3.55 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/the-kashmir-files-box-office-collection-day-1-vivek-agnihotri-film-7816736 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312235405/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/the-kashmir-files-box-office-collection-day-1-vivek-agnihotri-film-7816736/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was later increased to 4,000 screens.<ref name="Bollywood Hungama screens">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office: Screens for Vivek Agnihotri's directorial increased from 650 to 4000 in one week owing to an overwhelming response from the audience |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-screens-vivek-agnihotris-directorial-increased-650-4000-one-week-owing-overwhelming-response-audience/ |url-status=live |access-date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318064240/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-screens-vivek-agnihotris-directorial-increased-650-4000-one-week-owing-overwhelming-response-audience/ }}</ref> The film was re-released on 19 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2023 |title=The Kashmir Files to re-release in theatres ahead of Cinema Lovers Day, tickets for Rs 99 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-re-release-tickets-for-rs-99-8389016/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118105910/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-re-release-tickets-for-rs-99-8389016/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film was premiered for worldwide streaming on [[ZEE5]] from 13 May 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2022 |title=ZEE5 sets premiere date for 'The Kashmir Files' |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/zee5-sets-premiere-date-for-the-kashmir-files/article65353578.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426142346/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/zee5-sets-premiere-date-for-the-kashmir-files/article65353578.ece |archive-date=26 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and [[Indian Sign Language]]. With this film, ZEE5 became the first [[OTT platform]] to release a commercial [[Bollywood film]] with an interpretation in the Indian Sign Language.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files to Release on OTT with Indian Sign Language, Sets World Record |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-kashmir-files-to-release-on-ott-with-indian-sign-language-sets-world-record-5162437.html |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=[[News18]] |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615152025/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/the-kashmir-files-to-release-on-ott-with-indian-sign-language-sets-world-record-5162437.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film also recorded the highest number of views for ZEE5 during its opening weekend and the first week at more than 6 million and 9 million views respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2022 |title=With 9 million views and over 300 million streaming minutes in a week, The Kashmir Files breaks all records on ZEE5 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/9-million-views-300-million-streaming-minutes-week-kashmir-files-breaks-records-zee5/ |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615152719/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/9-million-views-300-million-streaming-minutes-week-kashmir-files-breaks-records-zee5/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Government and ruling party support ==
The ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) has endorsed and promoted the film in explicit terms,<ref name="BBC News2">{{Cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Meryl |date=15 March 2022 |title=Kashmir Files: Vivek Agnihotri's film exposes India's new fault lines |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60732939 |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427045135/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60732939 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="IE tax-free">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2022 |agency=PTI inputs |title=The Kashmir Files declared tax-free in six BJP-run states |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/more-bjp-run-states-make-kashmir-files-tax-free-7820008/ |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=6 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506204618/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/more-bjp-run-states-make-kashmir-files-tax-free-7820008/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Scroll BJP promoting">{{Cite web |last=Poddar |first=Umang |date=17 March 2022 |title=How the BJP is promoting 'The Kashmir Files': Modi's endorsement, tax breaks, leave from work |url=https://scroll.in/article/1019708/how-the-bjp-is-promoting-the-kashmir-files-modis-endorsement-tax-breaks-leave-from-work |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=Scroll.in |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318052302/https://scroll.in/article/1019708/how-the-bjp-is-promoting-the-kashmir-files-modis-endorsement-tax-breaks-leave-from-work |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bhatia">{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Sidharth |date=19 March 2022 |title='The Kashmir Files' Is a Manipulative Propaganda Vehicle To Rouse Emotions Against Muslims |url=https://thewire.in/film/the-kashmir-files-manipulative-propaganda-vehicle-rouse-emotions-vivek-agnihotri-bjp |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=The Wire |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319130937/https://thewire.in/film/the-kashmir-files-manipulative-propaganda-vehicle-rouse-emotions-vivek-agnihotri-bjp |url-status=live }}</ref> which has led to significant audience at theatres making it a runaway commercial success.<ref name="NDTV runaway success">{{Cite web |last=Akhil |first=Kumar |date=18 March 2022 |title=How 'The Kashmir Files', Praised By PM Modi, Became A Runaway Success |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-the-kashmir-files-praised-by-pm-modi-became-a-runaway-success-2828326 |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=NDTV |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320140105/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-the-kashmir-files-praised-by-pm-modi-became-a-runaway-success-2828326 |url-status=live }}</ref> Union Minister [[Smriti Irani]] was one of the most vocal in promoting it.<ref name="BBC News2"/> Prime Minister Narendra Modi has attacked critics in response to negative reviews, claiming that there is a conspiracy to discredit the film, which according to him "reveals the truth"; he met with Agnihotri to congratulate him, as did Home Minister [[Amit Shah]].<ref name="Scroll BJP promoting" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Akhilesh |date=15 March 2022 |editor-last=Kumar |editor-first=Akhil |title=PM Says "Conspiracy", "Campaign To Discredit" Film 'The Kashmir Files' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-on-the-kashmir-files-movie-those-who-tried-to-hide-the-truth-are-opposing-it-2823654 |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=NDTV |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315081932/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-on-the-kashmir-files-movie-those-who-tried-to-hide-the-truth-are-opposing-it-2823654 |url-status=live }}</ref> The BJP Information and Technology Cell, known for being the party's propaganda unit promoted the film with its head raising calls for people to watch it.<ref name="Scroll BJP promoting" /> Pro-government media were also involved in its promotion; ''[[OpIndia]]'' — a pro-[[Hindutva]] news portal — published several articles raining praises on the film and questioning the motives of critics as well as opposition parties while television channels hosted multiple shows and debates to the same ends.<ref name="Scroll BJP promoting" /> Following the release of the film, Agnihotri was provided with a [[Security categories in India|Y-category security detail]] from the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] by the [[Ministry of Home Affairs]], based on what an official described as inputs of perceived threat to the director's safety.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tiwary |first=Deeptiman |date=19 March 2022 |title=Kashmir Files director gets Y-category security cover |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vivek-agnihotri-y-category-security-the-kashmir-files-7825821/ |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318152329/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vivek-agnihotri-y-category-security-the-kashmir-files-7825821/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:The Kashmir Files tax free states.svg|thumb|198x198px|States in which film was tax-free.]]
The film was declared tax-free in multiple BJP governed states—[[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Tripura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]—with calls by several chief ministers and [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Members of Parliament]] for "everyone to watch the film".<ref name="IE tax-free" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2022 |title=Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Tripura and Goa declare 'The Kashmir Files' tax-free |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/uttar-pradesh-uttarakhand-tripura-and-goa-declare-the-kashmir-files-tax-free/articleshow/90214428.cms |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315075811/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/uttar-pradesh-uttarakhand-tripura-and-goa-declare-the-kashmir-files-tax-free/articleshow/90214428.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chowdhury |first=Rishita Roy |date=16 March 2022 |title=Vivek Agnihotri's film The Kashmir Files now tax-free in Bihar |publisher=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vivek-agnihotri-s-film-the-kashmir-files-now-tax-free-in-bihar-1926129-2022-03-16 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316120506/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vivek-agnihotri-s-film-the-kashmir-files-now-tax-free-in-bihar-1926129-2022-03-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files goes tax free in Himachal too |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/shimla/kashmir-files-goes-tax-free-himachal-1503052408.html |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=The Statesman |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318033728/https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/shimla/kashmir-files-goes-tax-free-himachal-1503052408.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2022 |title=More BJP-ruled states make 'The Kashmir Files' movie tax-free |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/more-bjp-ruled-states-make-the-kashmir-files-movie-tax-free-122031401345_1.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315104254/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/more-bjp-ruled-states-make-the-kashmir-files-movie-tax-free-122031401345_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Assam]] and Madhya Pradesh granted vacations to government employees and police personnel respectively, if they planned to watch the film; Assam, Karnataka and Tripura governments held special screenings of the film.<ref name="Scroll BJP promoting" /> In addition, in the states of [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[West Bengal]], which have opposition parties in power, BJP legislators have called for their respective state governments to make the film tax-free.<ref name="Scroll BJP promoting" /> Across the country, BJP legislators have bought out screens for audiences to watch the film for free.<ref name="Scroll BJP promoting" />

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|40|3=5|consensus=|ref=|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kashmir Files {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_kashmir_files |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

Jagadish Angadi of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and was effusive in his praise — Agnihotri's use of non-linear narratives and strong dialogues, enviable background research, and strong individual performances produced an "intense watch".<ref name="TKFDH">{{Cite news |last=Angadi |first=Jagadish |date=12 March 2022 |title='The Kashmir Files' movie review: Anupam Kher is brilliant in this heart-wrenching story |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-anupam-kher-is-brilliant-in-this-heart-wrenching-story-1090519.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312115033/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-anupam-kher-is-brilliant-in-this-heart-wrenching-story-1090519.html }}</ref> Aditi Sharma for [[Zee News]] rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "Lending a voice to broken souls" and that the film was based on actual incidents narrated from a Kashmiri Pandit point of view; showcasing the plight of Kashmiri Pandits with all its grime and gore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivek Agnihotris The Kashmir Files movie review: Lending a voice to broken souls |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/vivek-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-movie-review-lending-a-voice-to-broken-souls-2444365.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> [[Stutee Ghosh]], reviewing for ''[[The Quint]]'', rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and found the film to have made a compelling case for Kashmiri pandits and their "hitherto unaddressed wounds" but wished for more nuance; the cinematography (especially the colour palette), Anupam Kher's acting, and realist depictions were praised in particular.<ref name="Quint review">{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Stutee |author-link=Stutee Ghosh |date=10 March 2022 |title=Review: 'The Kashmir Files' Makes a Compelling Case For Kashmiri Pandits |website=[[The Quint]] |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/the-kashmir-files-review-vivek-agnihotri-anupam-kher-mithun-chakraborty |url-status=live |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311055820/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/movie-reviews/the-kashmir-files-review-vivek-agnihotri-anupam-kher-mithun-chakraborty }}</ref>

Avinash Lohana of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, praising the cast performances—particularly that of Kher—and the behind-the-scenes research, but criticised the lack of balance.<ref name="pinkvilla2">{{Cite news |last=Lohana |first=Avinash |date=11 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Review: Anupam Kher shines in the film that creates an impact but lacks balance |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kashmir-files-review-anupam-kher-shines-film-creates-impact-lacks-balance-1042736 |url-status=live |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311192805/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kashmir-files-review-anupam-kher-shines-film-creates-impact-lacks-balance-1042736 }}</ref> Rohit Bhatnagar of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' found the screenplay and the individual performances to be sloppy, thus failing to make any mark; however, he admired the effort that went behind the film and rated it 2.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rohit |date=11 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files review: A preachy tale of facts that lacks attention |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-review-a-preachy-tale-of-facts-that-lacks-attention |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=The Free Press Journal |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015041457/https://www.freepressjournal.in/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-review-a-preachy-tale-of-facts-that-lacks-attention |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Shubhra Gupta]] reviewing for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars, criticising the film for being uninterested in nuance and describing the film as propaganda aligned with the ruling party, that aimed to stoke the "deep-seated anger" of Pandits. However, she also stated that the film did tap "into the grief of the displaced Pandits," and commended Kher's performance.<ref name="Shubhra Gupta">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |author-link=Shubhra Gupta |date=12 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files movie review: Anupam Kher is the emotional core of this overwrought film |website=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-kashmir-files-anupam-kher-emotional-core-vivek-ranjan-agnihotri-7816266/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312045225/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-kashmir-files-anupam-kher-emotional-core-vivek-ranjan-agnihotri-7816266/ }}</ref>Shilajit Mitra of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' panned the film with a rating of 1 out of 5 stars and castigated Agnihotri for exploiting the suffering of Kashmiri Pandits by doing away with all nuance in service of a "communal agenda".<ref name="Shilajit Mitra" /> Suparna Sharma, reviewing for [[Rolling Stone|''Rolling Stone India'']], panned the film with a rating of 1 out of 5 stars: "neither cinematic nor historical", Agnihotri simply attempted to weaponize the tragedy of Kashmiri Pandits in pandering to the current sociopolitical climate. Uninterested in nuance and context, dripping with gore, and pushing an overt pro-right agenda, it was not even well made propaganda.<ref name="Rolling Stone India">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=The Tragedy of 'The Kashmir Files' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/the-tragedy-of-the-kashmir-files-film-review/ |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=My Site |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512135331/https://rollingstoneindia.com/the-tragedy-of-the-kashmir-files-film-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rahul Desai reviewing for ''[[Film Companion]]'', found the work to be a "fantasy-revisionist" rant lacking in clarity, craft, and sense where every Muslim was a Nazi and every Hindu, a Jew; with an unconvincing screenplay and weak characters, it was propaganda that strove only to tune in with the [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalist]] mood of the nation rather than offer any genuine empathy to the displaced victims.<ref name="Rahul Desai">{{Cite news |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=11 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Is A Defensive And Dishonest Dive Into The Past |newspaper=Film Companion |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-defensive-and-dishonest-dive-into-the-past}}</ref> Tanul Thakur, reviewing for ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'', was scathing: the film—"monotonous", "inert", and featuring an "objectively poor screenplay"—was set up in an alternate reality and felt like iterations of collected [[WhatsApp]] screeds in service of a Hindu majoritarian state and especially [[Narendra Modi]]; Agnihotri lured the audience with facts only to distort and [[Communalism (South Asia)|communalize]] them, and target those who are critical of the incumbent political government in India.<ref name="Tanul Thakur">{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Tanul |date=19 March 2022 |title=As a Film, 'The Kashmir Files' Is Both Laughable and Frightening in Its Relentless Communalism |url=https://thewire.in/film/as-a-film-the-kashmir-files-is-both-laughable-and-frightening-in-its-relentless-communalism |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Wire |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324232241/https://thewire.in/film/as-a-film-the-kashmir-files-is-both-laughable-and-frightening-in-its-relentless-communalism |url-status=live }}</ref> Asim Ali, reviewing for ''[[Newslaundry]]'', was also critical of the film, finding it to have exploited the sufferings of Kashmiri Pandits in peddling a Hindu Nationalist worldview where no Muslim in Kashmir had any aspiration except persecuting Hindus.<ref name="Asim Ali">{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Asim |date=15 March 2022 |title=Don't trust Muslims, leftists or secularists: Why The Kashmir Files is no Schindler's List |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/03/15/dont-trust-muslims-leftists-or-secularists-why-the-kashmir-files-is-no-schindlers-list |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Newslaundry |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318134933/https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/03/15/dont-trust-muslims-leftists-or-secularists-why-the-kashmir-files-is-no-schindlers-list |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |last1=Jamkhandikar |first1=Shilpa |title=Controversial Kashmir movie praised by India's Modi is box office hit |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/controversial-kashmir-movie-praised-by-indias-modi-is-box-office-hit-2022-03-16/ |access-date=27 March 2022 |work=Reuters |date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327161003/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/controversial-kashmir-movie-praised-by-indias-modi-is-box-office-hit-2022-03-16/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Outlook Magazine]]'', Ashutosh Bharadwaj noted the film to be deeply insensitive to Muslim claims and memories concerning the exodus; it bore evidence of India's refashioning into a Hindu majoritarian state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Ashutosh |date=2022-04-01 |title=Kashmir Files: Flawed Narratives Of The Fault Lines |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/national/kashmir-files-flawed-narratives-of-the-fault-lines-magazine-189315 |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Outlook |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504081043/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/national/kashmir-files-flawed-narratives-of-the-fault-lines-magazine-189315 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Yaqut |date=24 March 2022 |title=Watch {{!}} 'The Kashmir Files': Reality or Fantasy? |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/watch-the-kashmir-files-reality-or-fantasy |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=The Wire |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410110705/https://thewire.in/communalism/watch-the-kashmir-files-reality-or-fantasy |url-status=live }}</ref> Anuj Kumar reviewing for ''[[The Hindu]]'' described the film as being composed of "some facts, some half-truths, and plenty of distortions" with brutally intense visualisations and compelling performances, aimed at inciting hatred against Muslims.<ref name="Anuj Kumar" />

Debasish Roy Chowdhury, co-author of [[To Kill a Democracy|''To Kill a Democracy: India's Passage to Despotism'']], found the film to be a prominent marker of India's "descent into darkness"; rather than offering genuine closure for the Pandits, Agnihotri inflamed hatred against Muslims, secular parties, and liberal media in pursuance of a Hindu Supremacist cause.<ref name="Roy Chowdhury">{{Cite magazine |last=Roy Chowdhury |first=Debasish |date=2022-03-30 |title=Column: How One Film Marks India's Descent Into Darkness |url=https://time.com/6162035/kashmir-files-india-hindu-muslim/ |magazine=TIME |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403201139/https://time.com/6162035/kashmir-files-india-hindu-muslim/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Nitasha Kaul]], a Kashmiri Pandit academic, reviewing for ''[[The News Minute]]'', held the work to be a communal and [[Masculism|masculinist]] propaganda that collapsed the complex politics of Kashmir into a one-sided moral tale palatable to the current Hindutva dispensation in India; Agnihotri appropriated Pandit sufferings to portray all Kashmiri Muslims as barbarian invaders, undeserving of any solidarity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaul |first=Nitasha |author-link=Nitasha Kaul |date=2022-03-24 |title=Kashmir is not a file: Propaganda and politics in India |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kashmir-not-file-propaganda-and-politics-india-162236 |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]] |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422023257/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kashmir-not-file-propaganda-and-politics-india-162236 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alpana Kishore, one of the few journalists who had covered Kashmir in the 1990s (as part of [[Newstrack]]), found the film to be a set of factual episodes but strung together in a contextless fashion; Agnihotri did not bother to even portray the other side of the divide, and was brazen in pushing a pro-right agenda.<ref>{{Cite podcast |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFlkNiq9JKQ |title=The Kashmir Files, reportage on the Kashmiri Pandits, Congress party's survival |website=Hafta |publisher=[[Newslaundry]] |host=Abhinandan Sekhri |date=26 March 2022 |time=26:33 |access-date=9 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403204801/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=wFlkNiq9JKQ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== International Film Festival of India ===
The film was an entry at the [[53rd International Film Festival of India]], held in Goa in November 2022.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=23 October 2022 |title='The Kashmir Files' selected for International Film Festival of India |work=The Statesman |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india-1503124488.html |access-date=28 November 2022 |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128194536/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india-1503124488.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chosen for screening at the ''Indian Panorama'' section, it failed to win any award and sparked adverse reaction from the jury.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last1=Schmall |first1=Emily |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |date=29 November 2022 |title=Israeli Filmmaker's Critique of Popular Bollywood Film Draws Fierce Backlash |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/29/world/asia/india-film-kashmir-files.html |access-date=29 November 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129151035/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/29/world/asia/india-film-kashmir-files.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Nadav Lapid]], the chief juror, assessing the submissions in a closing speech, singled out the film for pointed criticism: it was "vulgar propaganda", he said, and an "inappropriate [submission]", which had shocked his fellow jury members.<ref name=":02" /> In subsequent interviews, Lapid doubled down, highlighting how every single minute of the film could be used as case-exhibits for cinematic propaganda in film studies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=נדב לפיד בריאיון אחרי סערת הענק בהודו: "השגריר לא הפנים מהו חופש" |url=https://www.mako.co.il/news-entertainment/2022_q4/Article-6160d06bf57c481027.htm |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=mako |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203180250/https://www.mako.co.il/news-entertainment/2022_q4/Article-6160d06bf57c481027.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Faced with opposition from the Hindu Right, who accused Lapid of denying the [[exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]], he emphasized that the film was not equivalent to the tragedy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch {{!}} Stand Behind Every Word I Said About 'Kashmir Files': IFFI Jury Head Nadav Lapid |url=https://thewire.in/video/watch-nadav-lapid-karan-thapar-the-kashmir-files |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=The Wire |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203152151/https://thewire.in/video/watch-nadav-lapid-karan-thapar-the-kashmir-files |url-status=live }}</ref> Days later, Lapid's fellow jurors — Pascal Chavance, Jinko Gotoh, Sudipto Sen, and Javier Angulo Barturen — came out in support of Lapid's observations; Chavance, in particular, noted how the monolithic caricaturish portrayal of Muslims gave away the film's intentions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farcis |first=Sébastien |title=En Inde, scandale autour de la critique d'un film sur le Cachemire |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/asie-pacifique/en-inde-scandale-autour-de-la-critique-dun-film-sur-le-cachemire-20221203_4FE4JGAIGVF7VMSHNXYNJUUXPY/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Libération |language=fr |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203152128/https://www.liberation.fr/international/asie-pacifique/en-inde-scandale-autour-de-la-critique-dun-film-sur-le-cachemire-20221203_4FE4JGAIGVF7VMSHNXYNJUUXPY/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Reception by Kashmiri Pandits ===
Reception among Pandits has been mixed with some regarding the film to be a cathartic experience<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gigoo |first=Siddhartha |date=2022-03-15 |title=The Kashmir Files: Cinema As Testimony |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/the-kashmir-files-cinema-as-testimony-news-186885 |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=Outlook |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427071636/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/the-kashmir-files-cinema-as-testimony-news-186885 |url-status=live }}</ref> while others have been critical.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Ashutosh |date=2022-03-28 |title=Bitter And Divided: 'Kashmir Files' Fuels Polarisation In The Displaced Pandit Community |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/bitter-and-divided-kashmir-files-fuels-polarisation-in-the-displaced-pandit-community-news-188899 |access-date=27 April 2022 |website=Outlook |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427071618/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/bitter-and-divided-kashmir-files-fuels-polarisation-in-the-displaced-pandit-community-news-188899 |url-status=live }}</ref> Journalist [[Rahul Pandita]], who fled from [[Srinagar]] during the exodus, said that the experience for Pandits watching the film was like "an emotional catharsis."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-15 |title=Kashmir Files: Vivek Agnihotri's film exposes India's new fault lines |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60732939 |access-date=2022-05-17 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427045135/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60732939 |url-status=live }}</ref> A Kashmiri Hindu immigrant to [[New Zealand]] told [[Stuff (website)|''Stuff'']] that ''The Kashmir Files'' was a good representation of the exodus, requesting that Muslims watch it to understand the other side of the conflict.<ref name="auto"/> President of the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS) Sanjay Tickoo criticized the film for its misrepresentations and added that this film is making Kashmir Pandits feel unsafe in the [[Kashmir Valley]].<ref>{{cite web | title=The Kashmir Files making resident Kashmiri Pandits feel unsafe | website=NewsClick | date=2022-03-17 | url=https://www.newsclick.in/The-Kashmir-Files-making-resident-Kashmiri-Pandits-feel-unsafe | access-date=30 November 2022 | archive-date=30 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130174115/https://www.newsclick.in/The-Kashmir-Files-making-resident-Kashmiri-Pandits-feel-unsafe | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Kashmiri Pandits Refute Communal Claims Made in The Kashmir Files | website=NewsClick | date=2022-03-21 | url=https://www.newsclick.in/Kashmiri-Pandits-Refute-Communal-Claims-Made-The-Kashmir-Files | access-date=30 November 2022 | archive-date=30 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130174113/https://www.newsclick.in/Kashmiri-Pandits-Refute-Communal-Claims-Made-The-Kashmir-Files | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Political messaging and historical accuracy ==
{{Further information|Hindutva pseudohistory}}
The film's director Vivek Agnihotri claims the film to be a depiction of the "truth of Kashmir",<ref name="Rohmetra">{{Cite news |last=Rohmetra |first=Amogh |date=13 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files tries showing 1990 exodus 'truth' but Vivek Agnihotri gives it death blow |newspaper=The Print |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/the-kashmir-files-tries-showing-1990-exodus-truth-but-vivek-agnihotri-gives-it-death-blow/871254 |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425153340/https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/the-kashmir-files-tries-showing-1990-exodus-truth-but-vivek-agnihotri-gives-it-death-blow/871254/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Roy Chowdhury"/> when "terrorism seep[ed] in and humanity [was] absent".<ref name="NewYorker-21Jun22">{{Cite magazine |last=Chotiner |first=Isaac |date=21 June 2022 |title=What a Disturbing New Film Reveals About Modi's India |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/q-and-a/what-a-disturbing-new-film-reveals-about-modis-india |access-date=22 June 2022 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621162744/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/q-and-a/what-a-disturbing-new-film-reveals-about-modis-india |url-status=live }}</ref> Its key message — in line with Hindu Right views on the issue — is that what is known as the [[exodus of Kashmiri Pandits]] was actually a "genocide" which was kept out of history textbooks and mainstream discourse deliberately.<ref name="Shilajit Mitra"/><ref name="Ipsita Chakravarty">{{Cite web |last=Chakravarty |first=Ipsita |date=19 March 2022 |title=Here are five things 'The Kashmir Files' gets wrong about Kashmir |url=https://scroll.in/article/1019863/here-are-five-things-the-kashmir-files-gets-wrong-about-kashmir |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Scroll.in |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319145249/https://scroll.in/article/1019863/here-are-five-things-the-kashmir-files-gets-wrong-about-kashmir |url-status=live }}</ref> This was achieved by selecting several horrific events known to have occurred over a period of a decade and half, and then depicting them as happening in the course of about a year to one single fictitious family<ref name="Roy Chowdhury"/> – a "fictional take on real events", as one reviewer labelled it.<ref>Mona, [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/vivek-ranjan-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-is-a-brutally-honest-take-377416 Vivek Ranjan Agnihotri's The Kashmir Files is a ‘brutally’ honest take] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512113753/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/vivek-ranjan-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-is-a-brutally-honest-take-377416 |date=12 May 2022 }}, The Tribune (Chandigarh), 13 March 2022.</ref>

The film's exclusive focus on violence of Muslims on Hindus—with limited attention given to the overall [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir|history of human rights abuses in the state]]{{efn|Kashmiri Muslims were also killed during the insurgency,<ref name="Rohmetra" /> and in greater numbers, often at the hands of Indian security apparatus.<ref name="Ipsita Chakravarty" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Bose |first=Sumantra |title=Kashmir at the Crossroads, Inside a 21st-Century Conflict. |page=92 |year=2020 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-25687-1 |quote=On 15 March 1990, by which time the Pandit exodus from the Valley was substantially complete, the All-India Kashmiri Pandit Conference, a community organisation, stated that thirty-two Pandits had been killed by militants since the previous autumn. This plausible figure amounted to a ''third'' of about one hundred targeted killings by JKLF militants since autumn 1989. (Emphasis added) |author-link=Sumantra Bose}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Bose |first1=Tapan |title=India's 'Kashmir War' |date=31 March 1990 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=25 |number=13 |jstor=4396095 |quote=According to a breakdown of those killed by the militants so far, of the total 100, 32 were Hindus (from both the valley and outside) and the rest Muslims. |last2=Mohan |first2=Dinesh |last3=Navlakha |first3=Gautam |last4=Banerjee |first4=Sumanta |page=655}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title='The Kashmir Files' is Hindutva's latest anti-Muslim weapon |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.siasat.com/the-kashmir-files-is-hindutvas-latest-anti-muslim-weapon-2290523 |newspaper=The Siasat Daily |quote=It is to be noted that in response to a Right to Information (RTI) filed over the number of deaths of Kashmiri pandits killed by terrorists since the inception of militancy in 1990, the district police headquarters in Srinagar revealed official figures that state 89 casualties as compared to 1635 deaths of people of other faiths, during the same time. |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314194637/https://www.siasat.com/the-kashmir-files-is-hindutvas-latest-anti-muslim-weapon-2290523/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Indian Home Ministry's internal data, 1,583 Hindu civilians were killed in the conflict between 1988 and 2005, while the Muslim civilians killed in the same period numbered 12,245.<ref>{{Citation |last=Swami |first=Praveen |author-link=Praveen Swami |title=India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The covert war in Kashmir, 1947–2004 |series=Asian Security Studies |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2l9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA175 |isbn=978-0-415-40459-4 |page=175 |access-date=25 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314152555/https://books.google.com/books?id=z2l9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA175 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}—and especially, the painting of all Muslims as active or passive participants in the exodus has been seen as promoting [[Islamophobia]] and aiding a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu Nationalist]] cause.<ref name="Roy Chowdhury" /><ref name="Rohmetra" /><ref name="Hindu Islamophobia">{{Citation |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title='The Kashmir Files' movie review: A disturbing take which grips and gripes in turns |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |quote=Employing some facts, some half-truths, and plenty of distortions, [the film] propels an alternative view about the Kashmir issue, with the intent to not just provoke... but incite.... In Agnihotri’s documentation, terror has a religion and it appears every Muslim in Kashmir has been a separatist and keen to convert Hindus to Islam.... One fears, in the name of street justice, the clippings of the film will soon end up in social media to fuel further hate against one community. |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314184836/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The film has also faced charges of [[historical revisionism]] and unnuanced storytelling.<ref name="CNN-28Apr22" /><ref name="BBC News2" /><ref name="Roy Chowdhury" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barton |first=Naomi |date=20 March 2022 |title='The Kashmir Files' Uses Kashmiri Pandits For Propaganda, and Hates Muslims |url=https://thewire.in/film/the-kashmir-files-propaganda-anti-muslim |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Wire |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322194039/https://thewire.in/film/the-kashmir-files-propaganda-anti-muslim |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Shubhra Gupta" /><ref name="Rahul Desai" /><ref>{{Citation |first=Anuj |last=Kumar |title='The Kashmir Files' movie review: A disturbing take which grips and gripes in turns |newspaper=The Hindu |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |quote=The Kashmiri Pandits’ pain is real and should be expressed in popular culture, but it deserved a more nuanced, more objective take rather than the 'us vs them' worldview that Agnithotri has propagated over 170 minutes.... There is no middle ground for him, as he picks and chooses instances from the past to suit his narrative. |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314184836/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kashmir-files-movie-review-a-disturbing-take-which-grips-and-gripes-in-turns/article65223787.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Shilajit |date=12 March 2022 |title=Kashmir Files, A limp attempt at provocation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/12/movie-review-kashmir-files-a-limp-attempt-at-provocation-2429076.html |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=The New Indian Express |quote=... there is not a single moderate [Muslim] in The Kashmir Files.... The fact that no conflict is unidimensional, that there can be multiple oppressed groups in a region, simply doesn’t dawn on this film. |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312233944/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/12/movie-review-kashmir-files-a-limp-attempt-at-provocation-2429076.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Siasat anti-Muslim">{{Citation |title='The Kashmir Files' is Hindutva's latest anti-Muslim weapon |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.siasat.com/the-kashmir-files-is-hindutvas-latest-anti-muslim-weapon-2290523 |newspaper=The Siasat Daily |quote=A film that is based on the tragedy and exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has instead managed to become a propaganda tool that is being used to rouse anti-Muslim and anti-Kashmiri passions in the country, adding to the current atmosphere of anti-minority hate that has permeated deep in society over the last eight years or so. |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314194637/https://www.siasat.com/the-kashmir-files-is-hindutvas-latest-anti-muslim-weapon-2290523/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Several critics have compared Agnihotri with [[Leni Riefenstahl]], a [[Nazi propaganda|Nazi propagandist]].<ref name="Rahul Desai" /><ref name="Roy Chowdhury" /><ref name="Bhatia" /> Isaac Chotiner, interviewing Agnihotri for ''[[The New Yorker]]'', summed up the work as an ahistorical exercise in "stigmatization and fearmongering".<ref name="NewYorker-21Jun22" /> In response to accusations of propaganda, Agnihotri said: "How can a film on terrorism be propaganda?", adding that "The film is only against terrorism. I have not criticized Muslims."<ref name="CNN-28Apr22" /> He also denied allegations that the film could create a divide between Hindus and Muslims, calling the allegations "agenda-driven".<ref name="CNN-28Apr22" />

Krishna's father is killed in the film while hiding in a container of rice, an event fashioned after the killing of telecommunications engineer B. K. Ganjoo in 1990.<ref name=Rohmetra/> But the additional portrayal of militants forcing his wife to eat the blood-soaked rice was rejected by Ganjoo's brother as 'fiction'; he emphasized that the family was never consulted while making the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Misra |first1=Shubhangi |date=2022-05-10 |title=You know 'The Kashmir Files story' of BK Ganjoo. Now know his neighbour Abdul's |url=https://theprint.in/features/you-know-the-kashmir-files-story-of-bk-ganjoo-now-know-his-neighbour-abduls/947614/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=ThePrint |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513085841/https://theprint.in/features/you-know-the-kashmir-files-story-of-bk-ganjoo-now-know-his-neighbour-abduls/947614/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Krishna's mother is raped and killed by cutting her with a mechanical saw, an event fashioned after the killing of unrelated Girija Tikoo, also in 1990.<ref name="Ipsita Chakravarty"/> This event juxtaposed in the film with a massacre fashioned after the [[2003 Nadimarg massacre]] in an entirely different time frame under the watch of a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] government. The massacre is depicted in the film as occurring in broad daylight in front of Kashmiri Muslim neighbours as passive participants, in contrast to the real event which happened in the dead of night with silenced guns and no witnesses.<ref name="Ipsita Chakravarty"/> Sanjay Tikoo, the head of the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti, says, "that was not like that; ... no massacre of Kashmiri Pandits took place before [the eyes] of Kashmiri Muslims".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yY43T8auqg The Kashmir Files: The Pandits who never left] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506203854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yY43T8auqg |date=6 May 2022 }}, Al Jazeera English, via YouTube, May 2022.</ref>

The film depicts the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]{{efn|name=JNU}} as an unpatriotic institution sympathetic to terrorism.<ref name="Rohmetra" /> [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|Article 370]] of the Constitution, that granted nominally autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir and was in effect during the time frame of the film, is named as one of the factors behind the displacement of Kashmiri Pandits.<ref name="Rohmetra" /> Blame is also attached to [[Farooq Abdullah]], the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir prior to the 1990 exodus; the former Indian prime minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]; and Indian home minister [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], a person of Kashmiri heritage. The serving prime minister [[V. P. Singh]] (in 1990), and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] that supported his government, appear to be absolved of responsibility by the film.<ref name="Rohmetra" /><ref name="Asim Ali" /><ref name="Roy Chowdhury" /><ref name="Bhatia" /> The central character Krishna Pandit is shown as being provoked by terrorists to turn against the present-day prime minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name="Rohmetra" /> The former prime minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] is also subtly derided for attempting to win the hearts of Kashmiris.<ref name="Anuj Kumar" />

A [[Kashmiri separatist movement|Kashmiri separatist]] militant named Farooq Malik Bitta is depicted in the film, fashioned after [[Farooq Ahmed Dar]] ("Bitta Karate") and [[Yasin Malik]] rolled into one. But he is also shown as being involved in the [[2003 Nadimarg massacre]], which was of neither's doing.<ref name="Rohmetra"/> The facts of Bitta Karate's long years of incarceration despite a lack of conviction or Malik's eventual conversion to non-violent means of struggle are not mentioned.<ref name="Anuj Kumar"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandita |first=Rahul |date=2016-04-21 |title=A cry for Pandits from down south |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-cry-for-kashmiri-pandits-from-down-south/article6305496.ece |access-date=2022-03-19 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319131558/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-cry-for-kashmiri-pandits-from-down-south/article6305496.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ipsita Chakravarty" />

The film's central characters repeatedly blame an [[Indian National Congress]]-led government in Delhi for the Kashmir exodus while in reality the actual exodus took place during a coalition government supported by the BJP.<ref name="Roy Chowdhury" />

== Hate speech ==
At the theatres, Hindutva activists raised slogans advocating for fatal violence against [[Kashmiri Muslims]] as well as [[Indian Muslims]] in general.<ref name="Roy Chowdhury" /><ref name="France24" /> In one instance, calls were made to "[s]hoot the traitors to the nation" by members of the [[Hindu Jagran Manch]], a member of the [[Sangh Parivar]].<ref name="Wire ID'd">{{citation |last1=Jafri |first1=Alishan |title=We ID'd Anti-Muslim Sloganeers at 'The Kashmir Files' Screenings. What We Found Won't Surprise You |date=22 March 2022 |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/kashmir-files-hindutva-anti-muslim-hate |newspaper=The Wire |access-date=27 April 2022 |last2=Raj |first2=Kaushik |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411224303/https://thewire.in/communalism/kashmir-files-hindutva-anti-muslim-hate |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tiwari |first1=Ayush |last2=Saxena |first2=Shivangi |last3=Kumar |first3=Basant |date=17 March 2022 |title=Slogans, swearing, the rare sensible take: We watched Kashmir Files at three NCR theatres |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/03/17/slogans-swearing-the-rare-sensible-take-we-watched-kashmir-files-at-three-ncr-theatres |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=Newslaundry |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406202127/https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/03/17/slogans-swearing-the-rare-sensible-take-we-watched-kashmir-files-at-three-ncr-theatres |url-status=live }}</ref> Agnihotri has defended such cases, citing [[Freedom of speech|freedom of expression]].<ref name="France24" /> In Jammu, a Kashmiri Pandit activist and his family were heckled by a mob of activists allegedly belonging to the BJP, for he had labelled the film exploitative of the Pandit community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2022 |agency=PTI |title=Kashmiri Pandit Activist Alleges Harassment Over Remarks on 'The Kashmir Files' |url=https://thewire.in/rights/kashmiri-pandit-activist-alleges-harassment-over-remarks-on-the-kashmir-files |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=The Wire |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322184421/https://thewire.in/rights/kashmiri-pandit-activist-alleges-harassment-over-remarks-on-the-kashmir-files |url-status=live }}</ref> Several videos that went viral on social media showed audience members calling for boycotts of Muslim-owned businesses.<ref name="CNN-28Apr22" /> Indian Muslim journalist [[Rana Ayyub]], felt humiliated and physically unsafe during a screening, and was yelled at by a man to go to Pakistan.<ref name="CNN-28Apr22" />

During the 2022 [[Ram Navami riots]], ''The Kashmir Files'' is seen to have played a role in inspiring [[communalism (South Asia)|communal passions]]. In [[2022 Khargone violence|Khargone]] in Madhya Pradesh, the scene of a woman being cut up by a mechanical saw was recreated with makeshift devices and emblazoned with the slogan, "Wake up Hindus, lest other states in India become Kashmir."<ref name="Supriya Sharma">Supriya Sharma, [https://scroll.in/article/1022860/how-kashmir-files-added-to-communal-fires-in-khargone-that-ended-with-bulldozer-injustice How ‘Kashmir Files’ added to communal fires in Khargone that ended with bulldozer injustice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506015031/https://scroll.in/article/1022860/how-kashmir-files-added-to-communal-fires-in-khargone-that-ended-with-bulldozer-injustice |date=6 May 2022 }}, Scroll.in, 29 April 2022.</ref> A [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leader declared that, if Hindus did not draw the lesson from ''The Kashmir Files'', eventually similar films would need to be made about Delhi, Bengal, Kerala and Khargone.<ref name="Supriya Sharma"/> The film's version of truth that Muslims formed a blood-thirsty community whole-heartedly supporting militants' assaults was believed liable to be replicated in other parts of India.<ref name="Supriya Sharma"/> In the Uttarakhand's [[Roorkee]] region, people said that the film enthused them to fight for their "rights". They regarded the local Muslims as jihadis, who were conspiring against the Hindus and tearing the nation apart.<ref name="Sumedha Pal">Sumedha Pal, [https://thewire.in/communalism/roorkee-ground-report-kashmir-files-communal-hindutva Inspired by 'Kashmir Files', Hindutva Workers Threaten to Remove Muslims From Roorkee Village] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512204519/https://thewire.in/communalism/roorkee-ground-report-kashmir-files-communal-hindutva |date=12 May 2022 }}, The Wire, 19 April 2022.</ref>

== Box office ==
''The Kashmir Files'' opened to box office with a slow start and competed with [[Prabhas]]-starrer ''[[Radhe Shyam]]'',<ref name="BollywoodHungama-19Mar22">{{Cite news |date=19 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office Estimate Day 9: The film collects Rs. 23.50 crores; has a shot of touching Rs. 300 crores |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-estimate-day-9-film-collects-rs-23-50-crores-shot-touching-rs-300-crores/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423201141/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-estimate-day-9-film-collects-rs-23-50-crores-shot-touching-rs-300-crores/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which was released on the same day, but has quickly gained higher share of collections within days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title='Radhe Shyam' does very well in Telugu, but loses in Bollywood |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130322/radhe-shyam-does-very-well-in-telugu-but-loses-in-bollywood.html |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629101452/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130322/radhe-shyam-does-very-well-in-telugu-but-loses-in-bollywood.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film recorded an earnings of {{INRConvert|3.55|c}}, {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} and {{INRConvert|15.1|c}} in India respectively on its first three days, taking its opening weekend collection to {{INRConvert|27.15|c}} and an estimated {{INRConvert|5|c}} in India and overseas, respectively.<ref name="bo" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files collects approx. 653k USD [Rs. 5 cr.] in overseas |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/kashmir-files-collects-approx-653k-usd-rs-5-cr-overseas/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315061138/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-overseas/kashmir-files-collects-approx-653k-usd-rs-5-cr-overseas/ }}</ref> After the response from the first two days, the screens were increased to 2,000 on 13 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office: Film's shows increased from 600 to 2000 after stupendous response |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-films-shows-increased-600-2000-stupendous-response/ |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314070147/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-films-shows-increased-600-2000-stupendous-response/ }}</ref> With a collections growth of 323% on its first Monday compared to the release day, the film broke the record for the highest increase in collections for an Indian film on its first Monday.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office: Vivek Agnihotri's directorial survives Khooni Monday test; shows 323% growth and claims the no. 1 spot |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-vivek-agnihotris-directorial-survives-khooni-monday-test-shows-323-growth-claims-no-1-spot/ |url-status=live |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318095858/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-vivek-agnihotris-directorial-survives-khooni-monday-test-shows-323-growth-claims-no-1-spot/ }}</ref> At the end of the first week, the film earned {{INRConvert|97.3|c}} at the Indian box office.<ref name="bo" />

After the response from the first week, the screens were increased to 4,000 by 18 March.<ref name="Bollywood Hungama screens" /> In an interview with ''The New Yorker'' in June 2022, Agnihotri stated that ZEE Studios did not have faith in the film and thus the production studio had only released the film in 400 screens; and that the increase in the shows was in response to the audience demand. However, ZEE Studios clarified that the gradual increase in the number of screens was a "pre-decided business strategy" which was also agreed upon by the director.<ref name="NewYorker-21Jun22" />

The film emerged as a major box-office success within its first two days of release.<ref name="boi1">{{citation |title=The Kashmir Files Is Another Gadar – On Its Way To Create HISTORY |date=14 March 2022 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6738 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314084717/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6738 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="boi2">{{cite news |date=14 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Records Fantastic Weekend – Set For Extraordinary Run |publisher=Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6736 |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314071441/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6736 |url-status=live }}</ref> It received massive push in the form of government support, national news coverage, social media forwards and [[word of mouth]]<ref name="BollywoodHungama-19Mar22" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files box office collection day 7: Vivek Agnihotri's film hours away from crossing Rs 100 crore mark |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-box-office-collection-day-7-vivek-agnihotri-film-rs-100-crore-mark-7825646/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531085353/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-box-office-collection-day-7-vivek-agnihotri-film-rs-100-crore-mark-7825646/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and rode on them following its opening weekend.<ref name="HindustanTimes-26Mar22" /> By the end of April, according to ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''{{'s}} estimates, the film grossed {{INRConvert|297.53|c}} in India and {{INRConvert|43.39|c}} overseas, for a worldwide gross collection of {{INRConvert|340.92|c}},<ref name="bo">{{Cite web |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-kashmir-files/box-office/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504153908/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-kashmir-files/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> making it the [[List of Hindi films of 2022#Box office collection|third highest grossing Hindi film of 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies on 2022 - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/ |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623035055/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the first film to cross the figure of {{INRConvert|250|c}} in the aftermath of [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=Kashmir Files: Vivek Agnihotri's becomes first Hindi film to cross Rs 250 crore mark in pandemic era |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/kashmir-files-vivek-agnihotris-becomes-first-hindi-film-to-cross-rs-250-crore-mark-in-pandemic-era/2489496/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The Financial Express |publisher=The Indian Express |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413150236/https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/kashmir-files-vivek-agnihotris-becomes-first-hindi-film-to-cross-rs-250-crore-mark-in-pandemic-era/2489496/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 2022 |agency=ANI |title=The Kashmir Files hits yet another milestone, enters Rs 200-crore club |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-hits-yet-another-milestone-enters-rs-200-crore-club-122032400570_1.html |access-date=2022-04-17 |newspaper=Business Standard India |archive-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417032111/https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/the-kashmir-files-hits-yet-another-milestone-enters-rs-200-crore-club-122032400570_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film became a major competitor for the [[Akshay Kumar]]-starrer ''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files Box Office Estimate Day 9: The film collects Rs. 23.50 crores; has a shot of touching Rs. 300 crores |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-estimate-day-9-film-collects-rs-23-50-crores-shot-touching-rs-300-crores/ |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423201141/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kashmir-files-box-office-estimate-day-9-film-collects-rs-23-50-crores-shot-touching-rs-300-crores/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which was released one week after ''The Kashmir Files'', and eroded its box office collections.<ref name="HindustanTimes-26Mar22">{{Cite news |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |date=26 March 2022 |title=The Kashmir Files' box office success decoded: How news, social media, word of mouth scripted an unlikely success story |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-box-office-success-decoded-how-news-social-media-word-of-mouth-scripted-an-unlikely-success-story-101648227536467.html |access-date=17 June 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721042718/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-kashmir-files-box-office-success-decoded-how-news-social-media-word-of-mouth-scripted-an-unlikely-success-story-101648227536467.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Date of ceremony
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[National Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[69th National Film Awards|24 August 2023]]
|[[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Integration]]
|[[Vivek Agnihotri]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" |<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|[[Pallavi Joshi]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="7" | [[68th Filmfare Awards|27 April 2023]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| [[Zee Studios]], Abhishek Agarwal Arts
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="7" align="center" | <ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Vivek Agnihotri]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| [[Anupam Kher]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Darshan Kumar]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Mithun Chakraborty]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| [[Vivek Agnihotri]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| Shankh Rajadhyaksha
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | [[23rd IIFA Awards|26–27 May 2023]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| [[Anupam Kher]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-27 |title=IIFA 2023 nominations announced: Brahmastra, Gangubai Kathiawadi and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 lead the list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2023-nominations-announced-brahmastra-gangubai-kathiawadi-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-lead-the-list-8345858/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| [[Vivek Agnihotri]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==See also==
*''[[19th January (film)|19th January]]'', Indian film set during the exodus
*''[[Shikara (2020 film)|Shikara]]'', Indian film set during the exodus
*''[[The Kerala Story]]'', Indian film based on the [[love jihad conspiracy theory]]
*''[[Inshallah, Kashmir]]'', Indian documentary film based on the exodus
*''[[The Kashmir Files: Unreported]]'', 2023 docuseries based on the film
*''[[Schindler's List]]''

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb title|10811166}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|the-kashmir-files}}
{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

{{Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestFilm}}
{{Vivek Agnihotri}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kashmir Files, The}}
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vivek Agnihotri]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Kashmir conflict in films]]
[[Category:Films set in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Films set in 1990]]
[[Category:Films set in Kashmir]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Films about religious violence in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dehradun]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mussoorie]]
[[Category:Films shot in Srinagar]]
[[Category:Pseudohistory]]
[[Category:Indian propaganda films]]
[[Category:Films about forced migration]]
[[Category:Films about internal migration]]
[[Category:Films set in 1989]]
[[Category:Films set in 2020]]
[[Category:Films about genocide]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:Art works that caused riots]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Faiz Ahmad Faiz]]
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Yona

2026-03-20T19:48:24Z

Bruce06828: minor reworked references after review also and corrected details based on references

{{Short description|Term used to designate Greek-speakers in ancient India}}
{{About|the Pali word}}
{{redirect|Yavana|the Hellenistic kingdom in India|Indo-Greek kingdom}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
[[File:MenanderCoinFront.jpg|thumb|200px|The "Yona" Greek king of India [[Menander I|Menander]] (160–135 BCE). Inscription in [[Greek language|Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Bασιλέως Σωτῆρος Μενάνδρου}}, lit. "of Saviour King Menander".]]
[[File:EpicIndia.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Yavana kingdom alongside other locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or [[Bharata Khanda]].]]

The word '''Yona''' in [[Pali]] and the [[Prakrit]]s, and the analogue '''Yavana''' in [[Sanskrit]], were used in [[Ancient India]] to designate [[Greek language|Greek]] speakers. "Yona" and "Yavana" are transliterations of the Greek word for "[[Ionians]]" ({{langx|grc|Ἴωνες < Ἰάoνες < *Ἰάϝoνες}}), who were probably the first Greeks to be known in India.

Both terms appear in ancient [[Sanskrit]] literature. ''Yavana'' appears, for instance, in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', while ''Yona'' appears in texts such as the [[Sri Lanka]]n chronicle ''[[Mahavamsa]]''.

The Yona are mentioned in the [[Ashoka]] inscriptions, along with the [[Kambojas]], as two societies where there are only nobles and slaves.<ref name="Thomas1933">{{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Edward Joseph|author-link=Edward Joseph Thomas|title=The History of Buddhist Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JpnHU1-IgMC&pg=PA85|year=1933|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1095-8|page=85 with footnote 2}}</ref>

Examples of direct association of these terms with the Greeks include:
* The mention of the "Yauna" in the [[Persepolis Administrative Archives]] (550–333 BC).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Waters|first1=Matt|title=Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BCE|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-10700-9-608|page=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjhEAgAAQBAJ&q=persians+ionia+yauna}}</ref>
* The mention of the "Yona king [[Antiochus II Theos|Aṃtiyoka]]" in the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] (280 BCE)
* The mention of the "Yona king [[Antialcidas|Aṃtalikitasa]]" in the [[Heliodorus pillar]] in [[Vidisha]] (110 BCE)
* King [[Menander I|Milinda]] and his bodyguard of "500 Yonas" in the [[Milinda Panha]].
* The description of Greek [[astrology]] and Greek terminology in the ''[[Yavanajataka|Yavanajātaka]]'' "Nativity of the Yavanas" (150 CE).
* The mention of [[Alexandria on the Caucasus]], "the city of the Yonas" in the ''[[Mahavamsa]]'', Chapter 29 (4th century CE).

In general, the words "Yoṇa" or "Yoṇaka" were the current Greek Hellenistic forms, while the term "Yavana" was the Indian word to designate the [[Greeks]] or the [[Indo-Greeks]].<ref>The Greeks in Bactria and India by William Woodthorpe Tarn [https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&pg=PA257 p.257]</ref>

== Comparable terms in the ancient world ==
[[File:DNa Inscription Yauna.jpg|thumb|The Achaemenid name for [[Ionia]]n Greeks: ''Yauna'' ([[Old Persian cuneiform]]: [[Wikt:𐎹𐎢𐎴|𐎹𐎢𐎴]]) in the [[DNa inscription]] of [[Darius the Great]], {{Circa|490 BC}}]]

This usage was shared by many of the countries east of Greece, from the [[Mediterranean]] to [[Sindh]]:
* [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]] used the word ''ywnj-ꜥꜣ''.
* In [[Arabic]] it is ''Yūnān''.
* [[Assyria]]ns used the word ''Iawanu''.
* [[Babylon]]ians used the word ''Yaman'' and ''Yamanaya''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kinzl|first=Konrad H.|title=A Companion to the Classical Greek World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loeWIRBo3isC&pg=PA202|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-3412-8|page=202}}</ref>
* In [[Biblical Hebrew]], the word was {{Script/Hebrew|יוון}} ''[[Javan|Yāwān]]'' ([[Modern Hebrew]] ''Yavan'')
* [[Persian people|Persians]] used the word ''Yauna'' from the [[Old Persian]] word for designating the Greeks, namely "Yauna" (literally '[[Ionia]]ns', as they were the first Greeks with whom the Persians had extensive contact).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roisman|first1=Joseph|last2=Worthington|first2=Ian|title=A Companion to Ancient Macedonia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QsJ183uUDkMC&pg=PA87|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-5163-7|page=87}}</ref>
* The ancient [[Chinese language|Chinese]] [[Endonym and exonym|exonym]] for modern-day [[Fergana|Ferghana]] is "[[Dayuan]]", which may come from the term Yona.

==History==
The usage of "Yona" and "Yavana, or variants such as "Yauna" and "Javana", appears repeatedly, and particularly in relation to the Greek kingdoms which neighboured or sometimes occupied the [[Punjab]] over a period of several centuries from the 4th century BCE to the first century CE, such as the [[Seleucid Empire]], the [[Greco-Bactrian kingdom]] and the [[Indo-Greek kingdom]].<ref name=":0" /> The Yavanar are mentioned in detail in [[Sangam literature]] epics such as ''[[Paṭṭiṉappālai]]'', describing their brisk trade with the [[Early Cholas]] in the [[Sangam period]].

After [[Alexander the Great]]'s invasion, the Greek settlements had existed in eastern parts of [[Achaemenid Empire]], northwest of India, as neighbours to the [[Kambojas]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} The references to the Yonas in the early [[Buddhist texts]], and [[Menander I]] ({{langx|pi|Milinda|italic=yes}}), may be related to the same.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2025 |title=The Ancient Greeks Who Became Buddhists |url=https://www.greecehighdefinition.com/blog/2025/3/20/the-ancient-greeks-who-became-buddhists |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=GHD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Halkias|first=Georgios T.| editor-last1 =Wick | editor-first1 =Peter | editor-last2 =Rabens | editor-first2 =Volker |year=2014|chapter=When the Greeks Converted the Buddha: Asymmetrical Transfers of Knowledge in Indo-Greek Cultures|title= Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=978-90-04-25528-9}}</ref>

The earliest attested use of the word in India is by grammarian [[Pāṇini]], (c. 5th century bc) in the form Yavanānī, which is taken by commentators to mean Greek script.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lal |first1=Shyam Bihari |title=Yavanas in the Ancient Indian Inscriptions |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2004 |volume=65 |pages=1115–1120 |issn=2249-1937|jstor=44144820 }}</ref>

===Role in Buddhism===

====Edicts of Ashoka (250 BC)====
[[File:Territories conquered by the Dharma according to Ashoka.jpg|thumb|Territories "conquered by the Dharma" according to [[Major Rock Edicts|Major Rock Edict No.13]] of Ashoka (260–218 BCE).<ref name=PK>{{cite book |last1=Kosmin |first1=Paul J. |title=The Land of the Elephant Kings |date=2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674728820 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |language=en}}</ref>]]
[[File:Khalsi rock edict of Ashoka with names of the Greek kings.jpg|thumb|The [[Khalsi rock edict]] of Ashoka, which mentions the Greek kings [[Antiochus II Theos|Antiochus]], [[Ptolemy II of Egypt|Ptolemy]], [[Antigonus II Gonatas|Antigonus]], [[Magas of Cyrene|Magas]] and [[Alexander II of Epirus|Alexander]] by name (underlined in colour). Here the Greek rulers are described as "Yona" ([[Brahmi]]: 𑀬𑁄𑀦, third and fourth letters after the first occurrence of Antigonus in red).]]
Some of the better-known examples are those of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] (c. 250 BCE), in which the Emperor [[Ashoka]] refers to the Greek populations under his rule. Rock Edicts V and XIII mention the Yonas (or the Greeks) along with the Kambojas and Gandharas as a subject people forming a frontier region of his empire and attest that he sent envoys to the Greek rulers in the West as far as the Mediterranean, faultlessly naming them one by one.

In [[Edicts of Ashoka#Proselytism beyond India|the Gandhari original of Rock XIII]], the Greek kings to the West are associated unambiguously with the term "Yona": Antiochus is referred as ''"Amtiyoko nama Yonaraja"'' (lit. "[[Antiochus II Theos|The Greek king by the name of Antiochus]]"), beyond whom live the four other kings: ''"param ca tena Atiyokena cature 4 rajani Turamaye nama Amtikini nama Maka nama Alikasudaro nama"'' (lit. "And beyond Antiochus, four kings [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus|by the name of Ptolemy]], [[Antigonus II Gonatas|the name of Antigonos]], [[Magas of Cyrene|the name of Magas]], [[Alexander II of Epirus|the name Alexander]]").

====In Buddhist Texts====
{{main|Greco-Buddhist monasticism}}
Other [[Buddhist texts]] such as the ''[[Dipavamsa]]'' and the 1861 ''[[Sasana Vamsa]]'' reveal that after the [[Third Buddhist council]], the elder monk (''[[thero]]'') Maharakkhita was sent to the "Yona country" and he preached Buddhism among the Yonas and the Kambojas, and that at the same time the Yona elder monk (''thero'') [[Dharmaraksita]] was sent to the country of Aparantaka in [[Western India]] also. [[Ashoka's Major Rock Edicts|Ashoka's Rock Edict XIII]] also pairs the Yonas with the [[Kambojas]] (''Yonakambojesu'') and conveys that [[brahman]]s and [[śramaṇa]]s are found everywhere in his empire except in the lands of the Yonas and the Kambojas.

====Mahavamsa====
The ''Mahavamsa'' or "Great Chronicle" of Sri Lanka refers to the thera Mahārakkhita being sent to preach to the Yona country, and also to the Yona thera [[Dharmaraksita|Dhammarakkhita]], who was sent to [[Aparanta]] ("the Western Ends").<ref>[http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chap012.html ''(Mahavamsa XII)''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020052522/http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chap012.html |date=20 October 2014 }}</ref>
It also mentions that [[Pandukabhaya of Anuradhapura]] set aside a part of his [[capital city]] of [[Anuradhapura]] for the Yonas.<ref>[http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chap010.html ''(Mahavamsa X)'']</ref>

Another Yona thera, [[Mahadharmaraksita|Mahādhammarakkhita]], is mentioned as having come from [[Alexandria on the Caucasus]] in the country of the Yonas, to be present at the building of the [[Ruwanwelisaya]].<ref>[http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chap029.html ''(Mahawamsa XXIX)'']</ref>

====Milindapanha====
Another example is that of the [[Milinda Panha]] (Chapter I), where "Yonaka" is used to refer to the great [[Indo-Greek]] king [[Menander I|Menander]] (160–135 BC), and to the guard of "five hundred Greeks" that constantly accompanies him.

===Invasion of India===
The ''Vanaparava'' of [[Mahabharata]] contains prophecies that "[[Mleccha]] kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas etc. shall rule the earth un-righteously in Kaliyuga ...".<ref>Mahabharata 3.188.34–36.</ref> This reference apparently alludes to chaotic political scenario following the collapse of the [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] and [[Shunga Empire]]s in northern India and its subsequent occupation by foreign hordes such as of the Yonas, [[Kambojas]], [[Saka]]s and [[Pahlavas]].

[[File:Inscription Yonakasa No.18 Cave No.17 Nasik caves.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Dedication by a man of Greek descent on a wall of Cave 17 in the [[Nasik Caves]] (photograph and rubbing). Detail of the "Yo-ṇa-ka-sa" word (adjectival form of "Yoṇaka", [[Brahmi]]: 𑀬𑁄𑀡𑀓𑀲), with Nasik/[[Karla Caves|Karla]]-period [[Brahmi script]] for reference. Circa 120 CE.]]
There are important references to the warring Mleccha hordes of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, the Pahlavas and others in the ''Bala Kanda'' of [[Valmiki]]'s ''[[Ramayana]]''.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

Indologists like Dr H. C. Raychadhury, Dr B. C. Law, Dr Satya Shrava and others see in these verses the clear glimpses of the struggles of the Hindus with the mixed invading hordes of the barbaric Sakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Pahlavas etc. from north-west.<ref>The Śakas in India, 1981, p 12, Satya Shrava; Journal, 1920, p 175, University of Calcutta. Department of Letters; India & Russia: Linguistic & Cultural Affinity, 1982, p 100, Weer Rajendra Rishi; Indological Studies, 1950, p 32, Dr B. C. Law; Political History of India from the Accession of Parikshit to the Coronation of Bimbisara, 1923, Page iii, Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 4, Raychaudhury; Indological Studies, 1950, p 4, Dr B. C. Law.</ref> The time frame for these struggles is 2nd century BCE downwards.<ref>Political History of Ancient India, 1996, pp 3–4.</ref>

The other Indian records prophecies the 180 BCE Yona attacks on [[Saket]], [[Panchala]], [[Mathura]] and [[Pataliputra]], probably against the Shunga Empire, and possibly in defence of Buddhism: "After having conquered Saketa, the country of the Panchala and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, wicked and valiant, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). The thick mud-fortifications at Pataliputra being reached, all the provinces will be in disorder, without doubt. Ultimately, a great battle will follow, with tree-like engines (siege engines)."<ref>Gargi-Samhita Paragraph 5, Yuga Purana.</ref> "The Yavanas will command, the Kings will disappear. (But ultimately) the Yavanas, intoxicated with fighting, will not stay in Madhadesa (the Middle Country); there will be undoubtedly a civil war among them, arising in their own country, there will be a terrible and ferocious war."<ref>Gargi-Samhita, Yuga Purana Chapter, No 7.</ref> The "Anushasanaparava" of the ''Mahabharata'' affirms that the country of Majjhimadesa was invaded by the Yavanas and the Kambojas who were later utterly defeated. The Yona invasion of Majjhimadesa ("middle country, midlands") was jointly carried out by the Yonas and the Kambojas. Majjhimadesa here means the middle of Greater India which then included Afghanistan, Pakistan and large parts of Central Asia.

===Other references===
On the 110 BCE [[Heliodorus pillar]] in [[Vidisha]] in Central India, the Indo-Greek king [[Antialcidas]], who had sent an ambassador to the court of the Shunga emperor Bhagabhadra, was also qualified as "Yona".

The [[Mahavamsa]] also attests Yona settlement in [[Anuradhapura]] in ancient [[Sri Lanka]], probably contributing to trade between East and West.

Buddhist texts like [[Sumangala Vilasini]] class the language of the Yavanas with the Milakkhabhasa i.e. ''impure language''.

[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] traders in Tamilakkam were also considered Yavanas.

====Sanchi====
[[File:Foreigners at Sanchi Stupa I North Gateway.jpg|thumb|Foreigners on the Northern Gateway of Stupa I.]]
Some of the friezes of [[Sanchi]] also show devotees in Greek attire. The men are depicted with short curly hair, often held together with a [[headband]] of the type commonly seen on [[ancient Greek coinage]]. The clothing too is Greek, complete with [[tunic]]s, capes and sandals. The musical instruments are also quite characteristic, such as the double flute called [[aulos]]. Also visible are [[carnyx]]-like [[cornu (horn)|horns]]. They are all celebrating at the entrance of the stupa. These men would be foreigners from north-west India visiting the [[stupa]], possibly [[Malla (tribe)|Mallas]], [[Indo-Scythians]] or Indo-Greeks.<ref>"A guide to Sanchi" John Marshall. These "Greek-looking foreigners" are also described in Susan Huntington, "The art of ancient India", p. 100</ref>

Three inscriptions are known from Yavana<ref name="IAS">{{cite book|title=Purātattva, Number 8|date=1975|publisher=Indian Archaeological Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MW9DAAAAYAAJ|page=188|quote=A reference to a Yona in the Sanchi inscriptions is also of immense value.(...) One of the inscriptions announces the gift of a Setapathia Yona, "Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam" i.e the gift of a Yona, inhabitant of Setapatha. '''The word Yona can't be here anything, but a Greek donor'''}}</ref> donors at Sanchi, the clearest of which reads "''Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam''" ("Gift of the Yona of Setapatha"), Setapatha being an uncertain city.<ref>{{cite book|author=Upinder Singh|title=The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics, and Archaeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KIWTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|year=2016|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-93-5150-647-8|page=18}}</ref>

===Buddhist caves of Western India===
[[File:Karla Caves Great Chaitya Left pillar No9.jpg|thumb|251px|Left pillar No.9 of the Great Chatya at [[Karla Caves]]. This pillar was donated by a Yavana {{Circa|120 CE}}, like five other pillars. The inscription of this pillar reads: ''"Dhenukakata Yavanasa/ Yasavadhanana[m]/ thabo dana[m]"'' i.e. "(This) pillar (is) the gift of the Yavana Yasavadhana from Denukakata".<ref name="p.328 Inscription No10">Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.367557 p.328 Inscription No10]</ref> Below: detail of the word ''"Ya-va-na-sa"'' (adjectival form of "Yavana", [[Brahmi script]] 𑀬𑀯𑀦𑀲).]]
In the Great [[Chaitya]] of the [[Karla Caves]] built and dedicated by [[Western Satraps]] [[Nahapana]] in 120 CE,<ref name="WH">World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 ʻAlī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, 2008 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fg-lGID3WpQC&pg=PA42 p.42]</ref> there are six inscriptions made by self-described Yavana donors, who donated six of the pillars, although their names are Buddhist names.<ref name="SC">Some Early Dynasties of South India, by Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya [https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA83 p.83]</ref> They account for nearly half of the known dedicatory inscriptions on the pillars of the Chaitya.<ref>Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.367557 p.326-328] and Epigraphia Indica Vol.7 [Epigraphia Indica Vol.7 [https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014351mbp p.53-54]</ref>

* 3rd pillar of the left row:
:"(This) pillar (is) the gift of the Yavana Sihadhaya from Dhenukataka"<ref>Epigraphia Indica Vol.7 [https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014351mbp p.53-54 Inscription No.7]</ref><ref>Problems of Ancient Indian History: New Perspectives and Perceptions, Shankar Goyal – 2001, p.104</ref>
* 4th pillar of the left row:
:"Of Dhamma, a Yavana from Dhenukakata"<ref>Epigraphia Indica Vol.7 [https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014351mbp p.55-56 Inscription No.10] and Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.367557 p.327 Inscription No.7] differ on the content of this inscription. Here, Epigraphia Indica Vol.7 was chosen, as Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 only mentions an inscription similar to that of pillar No.3, a possible mixup.</ref>
* 9th pillar of the left row:
:"(This) pillar (is) the gift of the Yavana Yasavadhana from Denukakata"<ref name="p.328 Inscription No10"/>
* 5th pillar of the right row:
:"This pillar is the gift of the Yavana Vitasamghata from Umehanakata"<ref>Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.367557 p.326 Inscription No1]</ref>
* 13th pillar of the right row:
:"(This) pillar (is) the gift of the Yavana Dhamadhaya from Denukakata"<ref>Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.367557 p.326 Inscription No 4]</ref>
* 15th pillar of the right row:
:"(This) pillar (is) the gift of the Yavana Chulayakha from Dhenukakata"<ref>Epigraphia Indica Vol.18 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.367557 p.327 Inscription No6]</ref>

The city of Dhenukakata is thought to be Danahu near the city of [[Karli, India|Karli]].<ref name="SC"/> It is described by other donors in other inscriptions as a "vaniya-gama" (A community of merchants).

The Yavanas are also known for their donation of a complete cave at the [[Nasik Caves]] (cave No.17), and for their donations with inscriptions at the [[Junnar|Junnar caves]].

== The Yonas and other northwestern invaders in Indian literature ==
The Yavanas or Yonas are frequently found listed with the [[Kambojas]], [[Saka]]s, [[Pahlava]]s and other northwestern tribes in numerous ancient Indian texts.
[[File:Bharhut Yavana.jpg|thumb|Vedika pillar with possible Greek warrior (headband of a king, tunic etc...) from [[Bharhut]].<ref>Faces of Power: Alexander's Image and Hellenistic Politics by Andrew Stewart [https://books.google.com/books?id=1SUw29Q_SeMC&pg=PA180 p.180]</ref> Bharhut, Madhya Pradesh, Shunga Period, c.100-80BC. Reddish brown sandstone.<ref>D.N. Jha,"Early India: A Concise History"p.150, plate 17</ref> [[Indian Museum]], [[Calcutta]].]]
The [[Mahabharata]] groups the Yavanas with the Kambojas and the Chinas and calls them "Mlechchas" (Barbarians). In the Shanti Parva section, the Yavanas are grouped with the Kambojas, [[Kirata]]s, [[Saka]]s, and the [[Pahlava]]s etc. and are spoken of as living the life of [[Dasyu]]s (dacoits). In another chapter of the same Parva, the Yaunas, Kambojas, Gandharas etc. are spoken of as equal to the "Svapakas" and the "Grddhras".

In [[Harivaṃśa|Harivamsha]] , [[Brahmanda Purana|Bramhanda purana]] And [[Vishnu Purana|Vishnu purana]] there is also mention of Yavana King Named [[Kalayavana|Kalyavana]] who invaded [[Mathura]] And [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]] With the alliance of Magadha King [[Jarasandha]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dowson |first=John |title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-0-415-24521-0 |location=Hoboken}}</ref>.

Udyogaparva of Mahabharata<ref>Mahabharata 5.19.21–23.</ref> says that the composite army of the Kambojas, Yavanas and Sakas had participated in the Mahabharata war under the supreme command of Kamboja king [[Sudakshina]]. The [[Hindu Epics|epic]] numerously applauds this composite army as being very fierce and wrathful.

Balakanda of [[Ramayana]] also groups the Yavanas with the Kambojas, Sakas, Pahlavas etc. and refers to them as the military allies of [[Wise Old Man|sage]] Vishistha against [[Vedic civilization|Vedic]] king Vishwamitra<ref>Ramayana 55.2–3.</ref> The Kishkindha Kanda of Ramayana locates the Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas and Paradas in the extreme north-west beyond the [[Himalaya|Himavat]] (i.e. [[Hindukush]]).<ref>Ramayana 43.12.</ref>

The Buddhist drama [[Mudrarakshasa]] by [[Visakhadutta]] as well as the [[Jain]]a works [[Parishishtaparvan]] refer to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]]'s alliance with [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] king Parvataka. This Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a powerful composite army made up of the frontier martial tribes of the Shakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Parasikas, Bahlikas etc.<ref>See: Mudrarakshas, Act II.</ref> which he may have utilised to aid defeat the [[Classical Greece|Greek]] successors of [[Alexander the Great]] and the [[Nanda dynasty|Nanda]] rulers of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]], and thus establishing his [[Mauryan Empire]] in northern India.

[[Manusmriti]]<ref>Manusmriti X.43–44.</ref> lists the Yavanas with the Kambojas, Sakas, Pahlavas, [[Parada kingdom|Paradas]] etc. and regards them as degraded [[Kshatriya]]s (Hindu caste). Anushasanaparva of Mahabharata<ref>Mahabharata 13.33.23.</ref> also views the Yavanas, Kambojas, Shakas etc. in the same light. Patanjali's Mahabhashya<ref>Mahabhasya II.4.10.</ref> regards the Yavanas and Sakas as Anirvasita (pure) [[Shudra]]s. Gautama-Dharmasutra<ref>Gautama-Dharmasutra IV.21.</ref> regards the Yavanas or Greeks as having sprung from Shudra females and Kshatriya males.

The Assalayana Sutta of Majjhima Nikaya attests that in Yona and Kamboja nations, there were only two classes of people...[[Arya]]s and [[Dasa]]s...the masters and slaves, and that the Arya could become Dasa and vice versa. The Vishnu Purana also indicates that the "Chaturvarna" or four class social system was absent in the lands of Kiratas in the East, and the Yavanas and Kambojas etc. in the West.

Numerous [[Puranic]] literature groups the Yavanas with the [[Saka]]s, Kambojas, [[Pahlava]]s and [[Parada kingdom|Paradas]] and refers to the peculiar hair styles of these people which were different from those of the [[Hindu]]s. [[Ganapatha]] on [[Pāṇini]] attests that it was a practice among the Yavanas and the Kambojas to wear short-cropped hair (''Kamboja-mundah Yavana-mundah'').

Vartika of [[Katayayana]] informs us that the kings of the Shakas and the Yavanas, like those of the Kambojas, may also be addressed by their respective [[tribe|tribal]] names.

Brihatkathamanjari of [[Kshmendra]]<ref>Brihat-Katha-Manjari 10.1.285-86.</ref> informs us that king [[Vikramaditya]] had unburdened the sacred earth of the [[Barbarian]]s like the Shakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Tusharas, Parasikas, Hunas etc. by annihilating these sinners completely.

The Brahmanda Purana<ref>Brahmanda Purana, Upodghatapada, 16–17.</ref> refers to the horses born in Yavana country.

The [[Mahaniddesa]]<ref>Mahaniddesa, pp 155, 415.</ref> speaks of Yona and Parama Yona, probably referring to [[Arachosia]] as the Yona and [[Bactria]] as the Parama Yona.

==Later meanings==
[[File:Manmodi Chaitya Yavanasa inscription.jpg|thumb|349px|The [[façade]] of the Chaitya Hall at [[Manmodi Caves]] was donated by a Yavana, according to the inscription on the central flat surface of the lotus. Detail of the "Ya-va-na-sa" circular inscription in [[Brahmi script]]: 𑀬𑀯𑀦𑀲, {{Circa|120 CE}}.<ref name="RT">Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West, BRILL, 2013 [https://books.google.com/books?id=AXdfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 p.97 Note 97]</ref>]]
The terms "Yona", "Yonaka" or "Yavana" literally referred to the [[Greeks]], however "mlechas" was also used probably due to their barbaric behaviour as invaders. Indian languages did not base a distinction on religion early on but after the arrival of [[Islam]] to the subcontinent, the term Yavana was used along with Turuka, Turuska, Tajik, and Arab more than Mussalaman or [[Muslim]] for invaders professing Islam as their religion.<ref name = Aloka>{{cite book |author=Parasher-Sen, Aloka |title=Subordinate and marginal groups in early India |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2004 |pages=52 |isbn=0-19-566542-2 }}</ref>

The [[Chams]] of [[Champa]] are thought referring [[Đại Việt]] as "Yavana".<ref>{{cite book|title=Udaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vH9uAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Department of Culture and Monuments, Authority for the Protection and Management of the Region Angkor / Siem Reap|pages=117, 118, 119}}</ref><ref name="MiksicGoh2011">{{cite book|author1-link=John N. Miksic|last1=Miksic|first1=John N.|last2=Goh|first2=Geok Yian|last3=O'Connor|first3=Sue|title=Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia: Preservation, Development, and Neglect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJy2GXNxaxQC&pg=PA241|year=2011|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-0-85728-389-4|page=241}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Schafer|first=Edward H.|author-link=Edward H. Schafer|title=The Vermilion Bird|url=https://archive.org/details/vermilionbirdtan00scha|url-access=registration|year=1967|publisher=University of California Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/vermilionbirdtan00scha/page/11 11]|id=GGKEY:J7QZAZWA45P}}</ref><ref name="Higham2009">{{cite book|last=Higham|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Higham (archaeologist)|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1c1UIEVH9gC&pg=PA64|year=2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0996-1|page=64}}</ref> However this statement is largely vague. Cham sources refer [[Dai Viet]] as ''nagara Yuen'' ([[Cham language|Cham]]: nagara yvan, lit. "Viet state"), and the Viets as ''Yuen'' (yvan).<ref>{{cite book|last=Golzio|first=Karl-Heinz|year=2004|title=Inscriptions of Campā based on the editions and translations of Abel Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar. Newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given dates|publisher=Shaker Verlag|pages=199–200}}</ref> Both terminologies in Cham materials were written in Cham script and [[Cham language|Old Cam]], the first dated 1142 during the reign of [[Jaya Harivarman I|Harivarman I]], showing little linguistic evidence to prove that Cham ''Yuen'' and Indian ''Yavana'' are connected.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cities of Nineteenth Century Colonial Vietnam: Hanoi, Saigon, Hue and the Champa Ruins|last1=Barrelon|first1=Pierre|last2=De Corbigny|first2=Brossard|last3=Lemire|first3=Charles|last4=Cahen|first4=Gaston|date=1999|publisher=White Lotus Press|isbn=978-9-74843-456-8|language=en|page=191}}</ref> Similarly for Kiernan's argument to Khmer ''Yuon'', the Cham reference for the Viet should have been derived from "Yue" or "Viet".

The [[Khmer language|Khmer]] word "Yuon" (yuôn) យួន /yuən/ was thought to be an [[anti-Vietnamese sentiment|ethnic slur for Vietnamese]], derived from the Indian word for Greek, "Yavana",<ref name="Post Staff">{{cite news |author=Post Staff |date=4 July 2003 |title=From Ionia to Vietnam |url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/ionia-vietnam |newspaper=The Phnom Penh Post }}</ref> however, it is actually the transcription of the word "Viet" or "Yueh" rather than "Yavana",<ref>{{cite news|author=Kenneth Tso and Sophal Ear|date=8 February 2010|title=Yuon: What's in a xenonym?|url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/yuon-what%E2%80%99s-xenonym|newspaper=The Phnom Penh Post}}</ref> because the Khmer word ''Yuon'' spelled with the diphthong uo, not v in "Yavana". According to Kiernan, "the [[Pol Pot regime]], following French orientalists, mythologized [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War|its conflict with Hanoi]] as part of a millennial ethnic epic"; therefore they altered the meaning of ''yuon'' that being misleading implied as ''savages, foreigners''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gsp.yale.edu/sites/default/files/myth_nationalism_and_genocide.pdf|title=Myth, nationalism and genocide|date=2001 |website=Yale University Genocide Studies Program|author=Ben Kiernan}}</ref>

The [[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]] term Yonaka referring to the [[Sri Lankan Moors]], is thought to have been derived from the term Yona.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cTXAAAAMAAJ&q=sonakar|title=Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities|last1=Singh|first1=Nagendra Kr|last2=Khan|first2=Abdul Mabud|date=2001|publisher=Global Vision|isbn=9788187746102|language=en}}</ref>

==Contemporary usage==
The word Yona, or one of its derivatives, is still used by some languages to designate contemporary Greece, such as in Arabic ({{lang|ar|يونان}}), in Hebrew ({{Script/Hebrew|יוון}}), in Turkish ("[[:tr:Yunanistan|Yunanistan]]"), in Armenian ({{lang|hy|Հունաստան}} ''Hounistan''), modern [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Aramaic]] ({{lang|aii|ܝܘ̈ܢܝܐ}} ''Yawnoye''), or the Pashto, Hindi, Urdu, Malay and Indonesian languages ("[[:id:Yunani|Yunani]]").

==See also==
*[[Greeks in India]]
*[[Greco-Buddhism]]
*[[Names of the Greeks]]
*[[History of Buddhism]]
*[[Kambojas]]
*[[Mleccha]]
*''[[Yavana Rani]]''

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* ''The shape of ancient thought. Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian philosophies'', by Thomas Mc Evilly (Allworth Press, New York 2002) {{ISBN|1-58115-203-5}}
* ''Liber Genesis'' 10:2. "Filii Iapheth: Gomer et Magog et Madai et '''Iavan''' et Thubal et Mosoch et Thiras." [https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_genesis_lt.html Nova vulgata].

==External links==
*[http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/y/yonaa.htm Pali dictionary definition of "Yona"]
*[http://www.britannica.com/topic/Yavana Yavana]

[[Category:Ancient Greeks in Asia]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indo-Greeks]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of India]]
[[Category:Pali words and phrases]]

India at the Men's T20 World Cup

2026-03-18T14:12:48Z

Bruce06828: adding a stub initial version

{{about|the Indian Men's team at the T20 Cricket World Cup|Indian Men's team at the ODI Cricket World Cup|India at the Cricket World Cup}}
{{Short description|India at the T20 World Cup}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = India at the Men's T20 World Cup
| image = Flag of India.svg
| caption = Flag of India
| cricket format = [[T20 International]]
| most runs = [[Virat Kohli]] (1,292)
| most wickets = [[Jasprit Bumrah]] (40)
| champions = 3 ([[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]], [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]], [[2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2026]])
| runner up = 1 ([[2014 T20 World Cup|2014]])
| host = [[2016 T20 World Cup|2016]], [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]
}}

The [[India national cricket team]] is one of the [[List of International Cricket Council members|full members]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC), the governing body of cricket. The [[Men's T20 World Cup]] has been hosted by the ICC in the [[Twenty20 International]] format since 2007. It has been held as a biennial event since the [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup]]. There have been ten editions of the tournament and India has participated in every edition since its introduction. India has won it thrice in [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]], [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]] and [[2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2026]] while also finishing as runners-up in [[2014 T20 World Cup|2014]]. It is the only team to have won it thrice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-series-results/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89?team=6|title=T20 World cup: Results summary|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref> In the 2024 edition, India became the first and only team to go undefeated in the entire tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2024-stats-india-first-team-to-win-the-men-s-t20-world-cup-unbeaten-1441552|title=India first team to win the men's T20 World Cup unbeaten|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=30 June 2024|archive-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629215323/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2024-stats-india-first-team-to-win-the-men-s-t20-world-cup-unbeaten-1441552|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the inaugural edition of the tournament in 2007, the Indian team led by [[M S Dhoni]] registered four wins in six matches enroute to the final, in which it beat [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] to win the title. In the [[2009 Men's T20 World Cup|2009]], [[2010 Men's T20 World Cup|2010]], and [[2012 Men's T20 World Cup|2012]] editions, India was eliminated in the Super 8 stage in three consecutive tournaments. In the [[2014 Men's T20 World Cup|2014 World Cup]], the Indian team won five consecutive matches to reach the final, where it lost to [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] by six [[wicket (cricket)|wickets]]. In the [[2016 Men's T20 World Cup|2016]] tournament, hosted by India, the Indian team was led by Dhoni for the sixth consecutive T20 World Cup, and advanced to the semifinals, where it lost to the West Indies.

In the [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup|2021 World Cup]], conducted after a gap of five years, the Indian team, led by [[Virat Kohli]], won three out of the five matches in the initial stage, and did not make it to the semifinals. In the [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup|2022 edition]], the team, captained by [[Rohit Sharma]], reached the semifinals, where it lost to England. In the subsequent tournament held in 2024, the Sharma-led team, did not lose a single game in the seven matches played in the first two rounds. India beat England in the semifinals by 68 [[run (cricket)|runs]], before beating [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in the final by seven runs to win the T20 World Cup for the second time. In the 2026 edition co-hosted by India, the team led by [[Suryakumar Yadav]], beat [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in the final to win its second consecutive T20 World Cup.

Kohli is the leading run scorer for India with 1,292 runs and holds the record for the most runs across T20 World Cups.<ref name="Run">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/batting-most-runs-career/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89?team=6|title=Most runs, India, ICC Men's T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/batting-most-runs-career/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89|title=Most runs, ICC Men's T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Sanju Samson]] holds the record for the most runs scored for India in a single edition of the World Cup with 321 runs in the 2026 T20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/batting-most-runs-series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89|title=Most runs in a series, ICC Men's T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Jasprit Bumrah]] holds the record for the most number of wickets for India with 40 wickets.<ref name="Wkt">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/bowling-most-wickets-career/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89?team=6|title=Most wickets, India, ICC Men's T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Arshdeep Singh]] holds the record for the most wickets in a single tournament, with 17 wickets in the 2024 edition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/bowling-most-wickets-series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89|title=Most wickets in a series, ICC Men's T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Rishabh Pant]] holds the record for the most dismissals by a [[wicket keeper]] in a single T20 World Cup with 14 dismissals in the 2024 tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/keeping-most-dismissals-series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89|title=Most dismissals by a wicket keeper in a series, ICC Men's T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

== Overall Record ==
''Red box indicates that the tournament was hosted or co-hosted by India''
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! width=150 |Host and Year
! width=100 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |Matches
! width=50 |Won
! width=50 |Lost
! width=50 |Tied+Won{{efn|name=Tie|Won by [[Bowl-out]] or [[Super Over]]}}
! width=50 |No Result
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]<ref name="T2007">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|title=ICC World T20, 2007|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208211355/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|url-status=live}}</ref>||[[2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final|Champions]]||1/12||7||4||1||1||1
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]]<ref name="T2009">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2009|work=[[Cricbuzz]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> ||Super 8s||7/12||5||2||3||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|WIN}} [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]]<ref name="T2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2010|work=[[Cricbuzz]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|url-status=live}}</ref>||Super 8s||8/12||5||2||3||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]]<ref name="T2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2012|work=[[Cricbuzz]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033740/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|url-status=live}}</ref>||Super 8s|||5/12||5||4||1||0||0
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014]]<ref name="T2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2014|work=[[Cricbuzz]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033741/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|url-status=live}}</ref>
||[[2014 ICC World Twenty20 Final|Runners-up]]||2/16||6||5||1||0||0
|-bgcolor="#cc9966"
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]]<ref name="T2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2016|access-date=6 December 2021|work=[[Cricbuzz]]|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033742/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> ||Semi-finals||4/16||5||3||2||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|OMA}} [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]<ref name="T2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2021|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203063312/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|url-status=live}}</ref> ||Super 12s||6/16||5||3||2||0||0
|-bgcolor="#cc9966"
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]<ref name="T2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-1298134|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2022|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121100950/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-1298134|url-status=live}}</ref>||Semi-finals||3/16||6||4||2||0||0
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{cricon|West Indies}} {{flagicon|USA}} [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]<ref name="T2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201162356/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166|url-status=live}}</ref> ||[[2024 Men's T20 World Cup final|Champions]]|| Final | 1/20||9||8||0||0||1
|-
|-bgcolor=gold
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SL}} [[2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]<ref name="Host">{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024-2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> ||[[2026 Men's T20 World Cup final|Champions]]
|1/20
|9
|8
|1
|0
|0
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} [[2028 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2028]]<ref name="Host"/> ||colspan=7|Qualified
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} {{flagicon|IRE}} {{flagicon|SCO}} [[2030 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2030]]<ref name="Host"/> ||colspan=7|TBD
|-
!Total
!10/10
!3 Titles
!62
!43
!16
!1
!2
|-
| colspan="9" | Last updated: 8 March 2026
|}

=== By opponent ===
{| bgcolor="#f7f8ff" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="font-size: 90%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"
| width="20" style="background: #CCFFCC;" |
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" |Won more matches than lost
|-
| width="20" style="background: LemonChiffon;" |
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" |Won equal matches to lost
|-
| width="20" style="background: #FFCCCC;" |
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" |Lost more matches than won
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
! width=100 |Opponent
! width=50 |Matches
! width=50 |Won
! width=50 |Lost
! width=50 |Tied+Won{{efn|name=Tie|Won by [[Bowl-out]] or [[Super Over]]}}
! width=50 |No Result
! width=50 |Win %
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|AFG|2013}} || 4 || '''4''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}} || 6 || '''4''' || 2 || 0 || 0 || 66.67
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|BAN}} || 5 || '''5''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left"| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || '''4''' || 2 || 0 || 0 || 66.67
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left"| {{cr|IRE}} || 2 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|NAM}} || 2 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|NED}} || 2 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#fdd"
| align="left" | {{cr|NZL}} || 4 || 1 || '''3''' || 0 || 0 || 25.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|PAK}} || 9 || '''7''' || 1 || 1 || 0 || 88.89
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|SAF}} || 8 || '''5''' || 3 || 0 || 0 || 62.50
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|SCO}} || 2 || '''1''' || 0 || 0 || 1 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#fdd"
| align="left" | {{cr|SRI}} || 2 || 0 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || 00.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left"| {{cr|USA}} || 2 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#fdd"
| align="left" | {{cr|WIN}} || 5 || 2 || '''3''' || 0 || 0 || 40.00
|-
|- bgcolor="#dfd"
| align="left" | {{cr|ZIM}} || 2 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00
|-
!Total
!61
!43
!16
!1
!1
!72.95
|-
| colspan="7" |'''Source:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ask/cricket-qna/india-t20-world-cup-record-against-each-team&tournament=wpl|title=T20 World Cup - India Cricket Team Records & Stats|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-results-summary/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89?team=6|title=Results summary - T20 World Cup - India|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref> Last updated: 8 March 2026.
|}
{{notelist}}

==Tournament records==
===2007 World Cup===
;Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/india-squad-305846/series-squads|title=ICC World T20, 2007:Indian squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124071043/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/india-squad-305846/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[M.S Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]] [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captaincy|(vc)]]
* [[Gautham Gambhir]]
* [[Virender Sehwag]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Ajit Agarkar]]
* [[Joginder Sharma]]
* [[Piyush Chawla]]
* [[S. Sreesanth]]
* [[Yusuf Pathan]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Irfan Pathan]]
* [[Robin Uthappa]]
* [[Dinesh Karthik]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[R.P. Singh]]
{{col-end}}

;Result<ref name="T2007"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!colspan=4|Super 8s
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
! Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2007 T20 World Cup|2007]]
|{{cr|Scotland}} '''No Result'''
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Tied + Won''' by [[bowl-out]]
|1
|{{cr|NZL}} '''Lost''' by 10 runs
|{{Cr|ENG}} '''Won''' by 18 runs
|{{cr|SA}} '''Won''' by 37 runs
|1
|{{Cr|AUS}} '''Won''' by 15 runs
|{{Cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 5 runs
|Winner
|}
----
===2009 World Cup===
;Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2009-335113/india-squad-402820/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2009: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=23 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223082814/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2009-335113/india-squad-402820/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[M.S Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Gautham Gambhir]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Zaheer Khan]]
* [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]]
* [[Pragyan Ojha]]
* [[Yusuf Pathan]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Irfan Pathan]]
* [[Ishant Sharma]]
* [[Dinesh Karthik]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[R.P. Singh]]
{{col-end}}

;Result<ref name="T2009"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!colspan=4|Super 8s
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
! Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2009 T20 World Cup|2009]]
|{{cr|BAN}} '''Won''' by 25 runs
|{{cr|IRE}} '''Won''' by 8 wickets
|1
|{{cr|West Indies}} '''Lost''' by 7 wickets
|{{Cr|ENG}} '''Lost''' by 3 runs
|{{cr|SA}} '''Lost''' by 12 runs
|4
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|Super 8s
|}
----
===2010 World Cup===
;Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2010-412671/india-squad-453550/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2010: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211021817/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2010-412671/india-squad-453550/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[M.S Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Gautham Gambhir]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Zaheer Khan]]
* [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]]
* [[Piyush Chawla]]
* [[Yusuf Pathan]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Murali Vijay]]
* [[Vinay Kumar]]
* [[Dinesh Karthik]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[Ashish Nehra]]
{{col-end}}

;Result<ref name="T2010"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!colspan=4|Super 8s
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
! Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]]
|{{cr|AFG}} '''Won''' by 7 wickets
|{{cr|SA}} '''Won''' by 14 runs
|1
|{{cr|AUS}} '''Lost''' by 49 runs
|{{Cr|West Indies}} '''Lost''' by 14 runs
|{{cr|SL}} '''Lost''' by 5 wickets
|4
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|Super 8s
|}
----
===2012 World Cup===
;Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2012-13-531597/india-squad-576822/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2012: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517142546/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2012-13-531597/india-squad-576822/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[M.S Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Gautham Gambhir]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Zaheer Khan]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]
* [[Virender Sehwag]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Irfan Pathan]]
* [[Piyush Chawla]]
* [[Ashok Dinda]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]]
{{col-end}}

;Result<ref name="T2012"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!colspan=4|Super 8s
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
! Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2012 T20 World Cup|2012]]
|{{cr|AFG}} '''Won''' by 23 runs
|{{cr|ENG}} '''Won''' by 90 runs
|1
|{{cr|AUS}} '''Lost''' by 9 wickets
|{{Cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 8 wickets
|{{cr|SA}} '''Won''' by 1 run
|3
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|Super 8s
|}
----
===2014 World Cup===
;Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2013-14-628368/india-squad-718061/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2014: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[M.S Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Shikhar Dhawan]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Mohammed Shami]]
* [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Varun Aaron]]
* [[Amit Mishra]]
* [[Mohit Sharma]]
* [[Stuart Binny]]
{{col-end}}

;Result<ref name="T2014"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Super 10
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2014 T20 World Cup|2014]]
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 7 wickets
|{{cr|West Indies}} '''Won''' by 7 wickets
|{{cr|BAN}} '''Won''' by 8 wickets
|{{Cr|AUS}} '''Won''' by 73 runs
|1
|{{cr|SA}} '''Won''' by 6 wickets
||{{cr|SL}} '''Lost''' by 6 wickets
|Runner-up
|}
----
===2016 World Cup===
;Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2015-16-901359/india-squad-969277/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2016: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[M.S Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[Shikhar Dhawan]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
* [[Mohammed Shami]]
{{col-3}}
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Manish Pandey]]
* [[Ashish Nehra]]
* [[Pawan Negi]]
{{col-end}}

;Result<ref name="T2016"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Super 10
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2016 T20 World Cup|2016]]
|{{cr|NZL}} '''Lost''' by 47 runs
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 6 wickets
|{{cr|BAN}} '''Won''' by 1 run
|{{Cr|AUS}} '''Won''' by 6 wickets
|2
|{{cr|West Indies}} '''Lost''' by 7 wickets
|Did not advance
|Semi-finals
|}
----
===2021 World Cup===
;Squad and kit<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897/india-squad-1276930/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2021: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=30 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630070921/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897/india-squad-1276930/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| style='''width:100%;'''
| valign='''top''' style='''width:75%;''' |
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Virat Kohli]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
* [[KL Rahul]]
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Ishan Kishan]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Mohammad Shami]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Rishabh Pant]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Varun Chakravarthy]]
* [[Rahul Chahar]]
* [[Shardul Thakur]]
{{div col end}}
| valign='''top''' align='''center''' style='''width:25%;''' |{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _india21
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_pants =
| leftarm = 001062
| body = 001062
| rightarm = 001062
| pants = 001062
| title = 2021 kit
}}
|}

;Result<ref name="T2016"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=6|Super 12
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2021 T20 World Cup|2021]]
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Lost''' by 10 wickets
|{{cr|NZL}} '''Lost''' by 8 wickets
|{{cr|AFG}} '''Won''' by 66 runs
|{{Cr|Scotland}} '''Won''' by 8 wickets
|{{cr|NAM}} '''Won''' by 9 wickets
|3
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|Super 12
|}
----
===2022 World Cup===
;Squad and kit<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-1298134/india-squad-1334371/series-squads|title=ICC World T20 2022: India squad|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=30 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630070920/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-1298134/india-squad-1334371/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| style='''width:100%;'''
| valign='''top''' style='''width:75%;''' |
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Rohit Sharma]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[KL Rahul]]
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Mohammad Shami]]
* [[Harshal Patel]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Rishabh Pant]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]
* [[Dinesh Karthik]]
* [[Deepak Hooda]]
{{div col end}}
| valign='''top''' align='''center''' style='''width:25%;''' |{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _ind_t20wc_22
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_pants =
| leftarm = 002A93
| body = 15ABFF
| rightarm = 002A93
| pants = 15ABFF
| title = 2022 kit
}}
|}

;Result<ref name="T2021"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=6|Super 12
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2022 T20 World Cup|2022]]
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 4 wickets
|{{cr|NED}} '''Won''' by 56 runs
|{{cr|SA}} '''Lost''' by 5 wickets
|{{Cr|BAN}} '''Won''' by 5 runs
|{{cr|ZIM}} '''Won''' by 71 runs
|1
||{{cr|ENG}} '''Lost''' by 10 wickets
|Did not advance
|Semi-finals
|}
----
===2024 World Cup===
;Squad and kit<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/india-announce-squad-for-t20-world-cup|title=India announce squad for T20 World Cup|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=19 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519164539/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/india-announce-squad-for-t20-world-cup|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| style='''width:100%;'''
| valign='''top''' style='''width:75%;''' |
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Rohit Sharma]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
* [[Shivam Dube]]
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[Mohammed Siraj]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Rishabh Pant]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Sanju Samson]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]
{{div col end}}
| valign='''top''' align='''center''' style='''width:25%;''' |
{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la = _blueborder
| pattern_b = _ind_t20wc_24
| pattern_ra = _blueborder
| pattern_pants = _white_stripes_adidas
| leftarm = FB671DFF
| body = 1350C1
| rightarm = FB671DFF
| pants = 1350C1
| title = 2024 kit
}}
|}

;Result<ref name="T2024"/>
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Group Stage
!colspan=4|Super 8
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2024 Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]
|{{cr|IRE}} '''Won''' by 8 wickets
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 6 runs
|{{cr|USA}} '''Won''' by 7 wickets
|{{cr|CAN}} '''Abandoned'''
| 1'''Q'''
|{{cr|AFG|2013}} '''Won''' by 47 runs
|{{cr|BAN}} '''Won''' by 50 runs
|{{cr|AUS}} '''Won''' by 24 runs
| 1'''Q'''
|{{cr|ENG}} '''Won''' by 68 runs
|{{cr|RSA}} '''Won''' by 7 runs
|Winner
|}
----

===2026 World Cup===
;Squad and kit
{| style='''width:100%;'''
| valign='''top''' style='''width:75%;''' |
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]] [[Captain (cricket)|(c)]]
* [[Axar Patel]] [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|(vc)]]
* [[Sanju Samson]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Ishan Kishan]] [[Wicket-keeper|(wk)]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]]
* [[Washington Sundar]]
* [[Abhishek Sharma]]
* [[Tilak Varma]]
* [[Shivam Dube]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Mohammad Siraj ]]
* [[Varun Chakaravarthy]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
{{div col end}}
| valign='''top''' align='''center''' style='''width:25%;''' |
{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la = _orange_border
| pattern_b = _ind_t20i2526
| pattern_ra = _orange_border
| pattern_pants = _white_stripes_adidas
| leftarm = 0066D6
| body = 0066D6
| rightarm = 0066D6
| pants = 0066D6
| title = 2026 kit
}}
|}

;Results
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Group Stage
!colspan=4|Super 8
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2026 Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]
|{{cr|USA}} '''Won''' by 29 runs
|{{cr|NAM}} '''Won''' by 93 runs
|{{cr|PAK}} '''Won''' by 61 runs
|{{cr|NED}} '''Won''' by 17 runs
| 1'''Q'''
|{{cr|RSA}} '''Lost''' by 76 runs
|{{cr|ZIM}} '''Won''' by 72 runs
|{{cr|WIN}} '''Won''' by 5 wickets
| 2'''Q'''
|{{cr|ENG}} '''Won''' by 7 runs
|{{cr|NZ}} '''Won''' by 96 runs
|Winner
|}

==Statistics==
=== Most Runs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Most Runs
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1,292
| [[Virat Kohli]]
| align=center | 35
| align=center | 33
| 2012-2024
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1,220
| [[Rohit Sharma]]
| align=center | 47
| align=center | 44
| 2007-2024
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 722
| [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
| align=center | 27
| align=center | 26
| 2021-2026
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 593
| [[Yuvraj Singh]]
| align=center | 31
| align=center | 28
| 2007-2016
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 574
| [[Hardik Pandya]]
| align=center | 33
| align=center | 25
| 2016-2026
|-
| colspan="7" |Last updated: 8 March 2026<ref name="Run"/>
|}

=== Most Wickets ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Most Wickets
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 40
| [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
| align=center | 26
| align=center | 26
| 2016-2026
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 36
| [[Arshdeep Singh]]
| align=center | 22
| align=center | 22
| 2022-2026
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 33
| [[Hardik Pandya]]
| align=center | 33
| align=center | 30
| 2016-2026
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 32
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| align=center | 24
| align=center | 24
| 2012-2022
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 23
| [[Akshar Patel]]
| align=center | 20
| align=center | 20
| 2022-2026
|-
| colspan="7" |Last updated: 8 March 2026<ref name="Wkt"/>
|}

=== Highest totals ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Highest totals
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Overs
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
! scope=col | Result
|-
| align="center" |1
! style="text-align: center;" |256/4
| align="center" |20
|{{cr|ZIM}}
|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
|26 February 2026
| align="center" |Won
|-
| align="center" | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 255/5
| align="center" | 20
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
| 8 March 2026
| align="center" |Won
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |253/7
| align="center" |20
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| 5 March 2026
| align="center" |Won
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |218/4
| align="center" |20
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]], [[Durban]], South Africa
| 19 September 2007
| align="center" |Won
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |210/2
| align="center" |20
| {{cr|AFG}}
| [[Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]], UAE
| 3 November 2021
| align="center" |Won
|-
| colspan="7" |Last updated: 8 March 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-highest-innings-totals/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-89|title=T20 World Cup Records & Stats: Highest Totals|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

=== Highest run chases ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Highest successful run chases
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Target
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Overs
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align="center" |1
! style="text-align: center;" |196
| align="center" |199/5
| align="center" |19.2
|{{cr|WIN}}
|[[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
|1 March 2026
|-
| align="center" | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 173
| align="center" | 176/4
| align="center" | 19.1
| {{cr|SA}}
| [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| 4 April 2014
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 161
| align="center" | 161/4
| align="center" | 19.1
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[I. S. Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
| 27 March 2016
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 160
| align="center" | 160/6
| align="center" | 20
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]], Australia
| 23 October 2022
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 139
| align="center" | 141/2
| align="center" | 18.3
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh
| 28 March 2014
|-
| colspan="7" |Last updated: 2 March 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_fielding_first=2;class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=target;result=1;team=6;template=results;trophy=89;type=team;view=innings|title=T20 World Cup Team Records & Stats|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

=== Lowest scores defended ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Lowest score defended{{efn|name=Lowest|Does not include shortened matches}}
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Opposition Score
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 119
| align=center | 113/7
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Nassau County International Cricket Stadium]], [[New York City|New York]], USA
| 9 June 2024
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 146/7
| align=center | 145/9
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]], India
| 23 March 2016
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 152/6
| align=center | 151
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| 2 October 2012
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 153/5
| align=center | 116/9
| {{cr|SA}}
| [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]], [[Durban]], South Africa
| 20 September 2007
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 157/5
| align=center | 152
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa
| 24 September 2007
|-
| colspan="6" |Last updated: 6 March 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_fielding_first=1;class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=team_score;orderbyad=reverse;result=1;template=results;trophy=89;type=team;view=innings|title=Lowest Score Defended in T20 World Cup|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[India at the Asian Games]]
* [[India at the Champions Trophy]]
* [[India at the Commonwealth Games]]
* [[India at the Summer Olympics]]
* [[India at the Winter Olympics]]
* [[India women's national cricket team]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{India national cricket team}}
{{Countries at the T20 World Cup}}
{{Navboxes
|title= India squads at the T20 World Cups
|bg= #0077FF
|fg= white
|bordercolor=#FF8800
|list1=
{{India Squad 2007 World Twenty20}}
{{India Squad 2009 World Twenty20}}
{{India Squad 2010 World Twenty20}}
{{India Squad 2012 World Twenty20}}
{{India Squad 2014 World Twenty20}}
{{India Squad 2016 World Twenty20}}
{{India Squad 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2026 Men's T20 World Cup}}
}}

[[Category:India in international cricket|T20 World Cup]]
[[Category:History of the Men's T20 World Cup]]
[[Category:India cricket-related lists|T20 World Cup]]

Saltora Assembly constituency

2026-03-17T05:00:56Z

Bruce06828: fix page per standard format and added references

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Saltora
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Saltora.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Saltora Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
| constituency_no = 247
| established = 2011
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Chandana Bauri]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 188,583
}}

'''Saltora Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Bankura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 247 Saltora Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Saltora (community development block)|Saltora]] and [[Mejia (community development block)|Mejia]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]; Banasuria, Barashal, Lachhmanpur and Latiaboni [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Gangajalghati (community development block)|Gangajalghati]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date = 2011-04-03 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 18 September 2010 }}</ref>

Saltora Assembly constituency (SC) is part of No. 36 [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| - class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Members<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saltora Election 2021: Assembly Elections News, Saltora Constituency, Vidhan Sabha Seat|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/saltora-election-result-s25a247/|access-date=2021-05-04|website=News18}}</ref>
! Party
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Swapan Bauri]]
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Swapan Bauri
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Chandana Bauri]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Saltora}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chandana Bouri
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 elections, [[Chandana Bauri]] of BJP defeated her nearest rival, Sontosh Kumar Mondal of Trinamool Congress.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Saltora}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chandana Bauri]]
|votes = 91,648
|percentage = 45.28
|change = +37.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sontosh Kumar Mondal
|votes = 87,503
|percentage = 43.23
|change = -2.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Nandadulal Bauri
|votes = 14,084
|percentage = 6.96
|change = -29.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 3,363
|percentage = 1.66
|change = -0.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Aditya Kumar Bauri
|votes = 3,554
|percentage = 1.76
|change = +0.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Dipen Bauri
|votes = 2,261
|percentage = 1.12
|change = -0.10
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 202,413
|percentage = 90.16
|change = +3.79
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 elections, Swapan Bauri of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Sasthi Charan Bauri of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Saltora (SC)}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Swapan Bauri]]
|votes = 84,979
|percentage = 46.20
|change = -4.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sasthi Charan Bauri
|votes = 72,456
|percentage = 39.39
|change = -3.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Snehasis Mondal
|votes = 14,991
|percentage = 8.15
|change = +1.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 4,801
|percentage = 2.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Dipak Kumar Bhuiya
|votes = 2,260
|percentage = 1.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Dipen Bauri
|votes = 2,237
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mahananda Maji
|votes = 2,214
|percentage = 1.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 183,938
|percentage = 86.37
|change = -0.19
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 elections, Swapan Bauri of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Sasthi Charan Bauri of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Saltora (SC)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25247.htm |title = Saltora |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-22 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=247| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526070641/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=247| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Saltora | publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Saltora |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Swapan Bauri]]
|votes = 82,597
|percentage = 50.60
|change = +11.43#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sasthi Charan Bauri
|votes = 69,900
|percentage = 42.82
|change = -16.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mangal Chandra Mandal
|votes = 10,741
|percentage = 6.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 163,238
|percentage = 86.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 27.72#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006, for the now defunct [[Gangajalghati Assembly constituency|Gangajalghati]] constituency.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bankura topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Bankura district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]

Ramnath Mauzo

2026-03-15T04:03:16Z

Bruce06828: added initial stub nd citations

{{short description|Indian photographer (1910–1990)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramnath Mauzo
| image = R N Mauzo.jpg
| caption = Mauzo with his camera at his studio
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Photo artist]]|photographer|actor}}
| birth_name = Ramanath Narain Sinai Mauzo
| title = Founder of [[Narayan Mauzo#Career|Mauzo Fotografo]] (now Mauzo Studio)
| birth_date = {{circa|1910}}
| birth_place = [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| years_active = 1930s–1990
| alma_mater = G K Vale European School, [[Bangalore]]
| death_place = [[Margao, Goa]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|5|15|1910|df=y}}
| children = [[Narayan Mauzo]] (son)
| relatives = [[Laxman Pai]] (nephew)
}}

'''Ramanath Narayan''' "'''Ramnath'''" '''Mauzo''' (born '''Ramanath Narain Sinai Mauzo'''; {{circa|1910}} – 15 April 1990), also known as '''R N Mauzo''', was an Indian [[photo artist]], photographer, and actor best known for founding the photography studio Mauzo Fotografo in 1936. He further gained recognition for his award-winning portrait ''Luz E Sombra'' (1940). His notable students include artist [[Laxman Pai]], and [[Bollywood]] cinematographer K Vaikunth.

==Early life==
Mauzo, born in {{circa|1910}} in [[Goa]], India (then under [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule]]), was initially known as Ramanath Narain Sinai Mauzo, later changing his name to Ramanath Narayan Mauzo. He hailed from a family involved in the [[tobacco trade]], with his father, Narain Sinai Mauzo (later Narayan Mauzo), also known as Nani. Mauzo had a sister named Radhabai.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pai |first=Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDxQAAAAMAAJ&q=Ramnath+Narayan+Mauzo |title=My Search, My Evolution |date=2000 |publisher=Purnima Pai, L. Pai |isbn=978-81-7525-102-1 |language=en}}</ref> Mauzo's son, [[Narayan Mauzo|Narayan]], shared the same name as his grandfather. The former was as a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] activist and businessman. Mauzo possessed a deep love for music and excelled in playing various musical instruments. Additionally, he showcased his versatility by singing classical music and engaging in theatrical performances, often assuming [[Cross-gender acting|female roles on stage]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pawaskar |first=Bharati |date=2010-12-04 |title=Mauzo Studio: A time capsule of the past |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/4_dec |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228233254/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/4_dec |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Mauzo inaugurated his inaugural studio in [[Margão]] on 25 November 1936, subsequent to completing his training. The studio underwent relocation in 1945, finding its current abode. Initially, Mauzo engaged in the importation of photographic merchandise from brands such as Mimosa, [[Kodak]], [[Ilford Photo|Ilford]], among others. In due course, Mauzo Fotografo (later renamed Mauzo Studio) emerged in [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]] and [[Pangim]] in 1956 and 1958, respectively.<ref name=":0" /> However, in the wake of [[Liberation of Goa|Goa's liberation]], these establishments were compelled to shutter their operations due to labor shortages and other logistical challenges. Notably, the principal enterprise itself had to undergo two relocations before eventually settling along Margao's Luis Miranda road, where it remains operational to this day.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2017-07-06 |title=Here's a business that's near picture perfect |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/heres-a-business-thats-near-picture-perfect/articleshow/59463664.cms |access-date=2023-12-29 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212194211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/heres-a-business-thats-near-picture-perfect/articleshow/59463664.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Throughout his formative years, Mauzo harbored a desire to venture beyond the confines of [[Goa]] and explore the world through the lens of his camera. Accompanied by his close associates [[Dinanath Dalal]] and Raghuvir Mulgaokar, Mauzo aspired to try their fortunes in the artistic realm by venturing to [[Bombay]] (present-day Mumbai). While Dalal and Mulgaokar ascended to the ranks of stardom and acclaim, Mauzo chose to remain rooted in Goa until his demise. Pawaskar of ''[[O Heraldo]]'' writes, Mauzo etched an indelible chapter in the annals of the photography world, as his protégés dispersed across the globe, bringing him immense pride and acclaim.<ref name=":0" />

Pawaskar further writes, Mauzo left a lasting impact through his teachings and mentorship. [[Laxman Pai]], a renowned artist and painter of international acclaim, had the privilege of being Mauzo's student and nephew. Under Mauzo's guidance, Pai flourished and eventually ascended to the position of the first principal at the esteemed Goa College of Art in [[Altinho, Goa]]. Additionally, Mauzo's mentorship extended to K Vaikunth, a prominent cinematographer from Goa who found success in the world of [[Bollywood]]. Today, Atish Vaikunth, the son of K Vaikunth, follows in his father's footsteps as a [[director of photography]] in Mumbai.<ref name=":0" />

In recognition of his exceptional contributions to the fields of art and photography, Mauzo was honored with a month-long tour of Portugal in 1960. This tour, arranged by [[Manuel António Vassalo e Silva]], the final Portuguese Governor, served as a tribute to Mauzo's unparalleled dedication and achievements. Narayan, Mauzo's son, took on the responsibility of preserving a collection of rare photographs, documents, and newspaper clippings from the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese era]]. Among the treasures in this collection was an old photograph of [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]], the former [[Prime Minister of India]], taken at ''[[Dabolim Airport|Aeroporto General Bénard Guedes]]''. Despite facing stringent security measures, Mauzo managed to capture the photograph. Regrettably, he faced consequences from the Portuguese authorities and was incarcerated. However, before his apprehension, Mauzo cleverly disposed of the [[roll film|roll of film]] in the nearby bushes. Following his release, he successfully recovered the roll, astonishingly finding the same photograph intact.<ref name=":0" />

During the early era of photography, a specialized apparatus consisting of a [[Bellows (photography)|bellow camera]], a sizable [[tripod]], and [[Dark slide (photography)|wooden film slides]] was essential for capturing images. Given the logistical challenges involved in transporting this equipment, photographers often preferred working within studio settings rather than venturing to remote locations. However, the Mauzo family enjoyed the advantage of owning a car, which facilitated the transportation of their gear.<ref name=":0" />

To overcome the difficulties of reaching households situated in distant areas, Mauzo enlisted the assistance of a ''bhadeli'' who would bear the weight of the camera box on her head, while Mauzo himself drove the car as close as possible to the desired destination. Affluent individuals would extend invitations to Mauzo, welcoming him into their homes to capture family portraits. Though the remuneration for his services was not exceptionally lucrative considering the efforts and hardships endured, Mauzo's artistic prowess was duly recognized.<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Mauzo's artistic pursuits faced various challenges. In an interview with ''[[O Heraldo]]'', [[Narayan Mauzo|Narayan]] revealed that his father, being the sole provider for their family, was unable to pursue his artistic passion in [[Bombay]] due to financial constraints. However, Mauzo's determination remained unwavering, and he established an Art School in [[Margão]] to nurture artistic talent. Regrettably, societal attitudes during that era regarded acting, dancing, and singing as occupations of low esteem, resulting in the closure of his Art School. Undeterred, Mauzo redirected his artistic inclination towards photography and sought formal education in the field at the G K Vale European School in [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":0" /> On 15 May 1990, Mauzo died at Old Market in [[Margao]] at the age of 79 or 80.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 1990 |title=Directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation and office of the chief registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=23 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154022/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/ErrorPage/500.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Photography style==
Pawaskar of ''[[O Heraldo]]'' writes, Mauzo was acclaimed for his meticulous attention to detail as a photographer. His devotion to his craft was evident to such an extent that he would occasionally mistakenly dip his paintbrush into his tea. As a young boy, Narayan was tasked with the responsibility of serving Mauzo tea during the afternoon sessions, ensuring that such inadvertent blunders were avoided. Mauzo's commitment to perfection manifested in the success of his photography, particularly in his skillful portrayal of soon-to-be-married young women, which garnered considerable acclaim.<ref name=":0" />

==Awards==
In 1932, Mauzo was bestowed with a prestigious gold medal by [[Waman Gopal Joshi]] in recognition of his exceptional photographic portrayal of Narayan Shenvi Kirtani. Subsequently, in 1940, the British Government organized the ''Premiadona Exposisao de Arte em'', a renowned art competition held in [[British India]] that attracted participation from artists representing 25 countries worldwide. Mauzo decided to submit his artwork titled ''Luz E Sombra'' from [[Goa]],<ref name=":1" /> which was executed using crayon and coal. Notably, Mauzo emerged as the winner in the esteemed light and shadow category, securing the coveted first prize. In 1986, Mauzo's outstanding contributions to the realm of art were duly acknowledged when he received the esteemed State Cultural Award from the [[Government of Goa]].<ref name=":0" />

==Legacy==
Mauzo's artistic prowess is evident through the prominent display of his portraits at various distinguished locations. These include the old Secretariat in [[Panjim]], as well as the municipalities in [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]] and [[Margao]], all situated in the picturesque region of [[Goa]]. Moreover, Mauzo's commitment to art's transformative power is exemplified by his generous donation of 60 paintings to [[Maria da Fonte]], a prominent Portuguese freedom fighter. These artworks were intended to enhance the visual environment of Portuguese government schools. The artistic legacy of Mauzo extends further with the inclusion of his portrait of Laibhaskar Khapruji Parvatkar adorning the walls of the esteemed Swarmanch Institute located in [[Comba, Goa|Comba]].<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mauzo, Ramnath}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
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Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu

2026-03-13T20:35:14Z

Bruce06828: cleanup

{{short description|Agitation against the imposition of the Hindi language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}

{{good article}}

{{Infobox civil conflict
| partof = India-wide anti-[[Hindi imposition]] protests, [[Self-Respect Movement]], and [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]]
| date = [[Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40|11 August 1937]] – present ({{Age in years and months|day1=11|month1=8|year1=1937|duration=yes}})
| place = * Present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] * [[Tamil Nadu diaspora]]
| causes = [[Hindi imposition|Various attempts]] by the [[Government of India]] (1947–present) and the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Government of Madras]] (during 1937–65) to promote [[Hindi language]] in the State
| goals = To prevent the [[imposition of Hindi]] in the State
| methods = *'''Non-violent'''- [[Conference]]s, [[hartal|fasts]], [[legislation]]s, marching, [[media activism]], [[internet activism]], [[gherao|picketing]], [[Demonstration (political)|rallying]], [[Slogan#In Protest|slogans]], street protests, [[student activism]].
*'''Violent'''- [[Riot]]s ([[arson]], [[Defacement (vandalism)|defacement]], [[Traffic obstruction|blockade]], [[stone-throwing]], [[crime of passion]]), [[Altruistic suicide|suicide]].
| side1 = [[Image:Tamil Nadu Emblem.png|18px]] '''[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]''' (1967–present)
----
'''Electoral parties''' 
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]]
[[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] † 
[[Image:Flag DMK.svg|18px]] [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
[[File:AIADMK Flag.svg|18px]] [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] 
[[Image:MDMK.svg|18px]] [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[Image:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi banner.png|18px]] [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] [[Image:CPI-banner.svg|18px]] [[Communist Party of India]] [[Image:CPI-M-flag.svg|18px]] [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] [[Image:Flag of Muslim League.svg|18px]] [[All-India Muslim League]] † [[Image:Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg|18px]] [[Indian Union Muslim League]] 
[[File:Manithaneya Makkal Katchi flag.jpg|18px]] [[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]] 
[[Image:Tvk flag Bharatpedia.jpg|18px]] [[Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi]]
----
'''Non-electoral organizations''' 
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Self-Respect Movement]] † 
[[Image:Flag of Dravidar Kazagam.svg|18px]] [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] 
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam]] † 
[[Image:DVK flag.svg|18px]] [[Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam]] 
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam]]

Other Tamil organizations and general public
| side2 = [[Image:Emblem of India.svg|18px]] '''[[Government of India]]''' (1947–present)
* [[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (in 1965)
[[Image:Tamil Nadu Emblem.png|18px]] '''[[Government of Tamil Nadu|Government of Madras]]''' (1937–65)
* [[Tamil Nadu Police|Madras State Police]]
'''Auxiliary units (1965)''' [[File:Flag of Kerala Police.svg|18px]] [[Kerala Police]] [[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Andhra Pradesh Police]] 
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Maharashtra Police]]
----
'''Electoral parties''' [[Image:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|18px]] [[Indian National Congress]] (1937–65) 
[[File:Oil lamp.svg|18px]] [[Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] † 
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] [[Janata Party]] † 
[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
----
'''Non-electoral organizations''' 
[[File:Congress Seva Dal.png|18px]] [[Seva Dal|Hindustani Seva Dal]] [[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|18px]] Hindustani Hitashi Sabha 
[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|18px]] [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
*Other [[Sangh Parivar]] organizations
| units2 = '''1965'''

33,000 [[Tamil Nadu Police|Madras State Police]] personnel

5,000 military/para-military personnel
| casualties1 = '''1939''' 2 (Natarajan and Thalamuthu)

 '''1965'''
70 (official) ~500 (unofficial)
| casualties2 = 
 '''1965'''
2 Madras State Police personnel
| damage = 10 million
| casualties_label =
| notes = † = defunct parties / organizations
}}{{Dravidian politics-col}}
The '''anti-Hindi agitations in Tamil Nadu''' have been ongoing intermittently in the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]] (formerly [[Madras State]] and part of [[Madras Presidency]]) since the early 20th century. The agitations involve several mass protests, riots, student and political movements in Tamil Nadu concerning the official status of [[Hindi]] in the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/despite-linguistic-politics-tamils-speaking-hindi-up-50-in-10-years/articleshow/66021459.cms|title=Tamilians who can speak Hindi up 50% in 10 yrs across Tamil Nadu |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=October 2018 }}</ref>

The [[Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40|first agitation was launched in 1937]], to protest the introduction of compulsory teaching of Hindi in the schools of Madras Presidency by the first [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) government led by [[C. Rajagopalachari]]. This faced immediate opposition by [[Somasundara Bharathiar|Soma Sundara Bharathiyar]], [[E. V. Ramasamy]] (later known as 'Periyar') and the opposition [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]]. The three-year-long agitation was multifaceted and involved [[Fasting|fasts]], conferences, marches, picketing and protests. Government crackdown resulted in the deaths of two protesters and the arrests of 1,198 persons (including women and children). After the government resigned in 1939, the mandatory Hindi education was withdrawn in 1940. After [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]] from the [[United Kingdom]], the adoption of an official language for the (to be) Republic was a hotly debated issue during the framing of the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]]. Succeeding an exhaustive and divisive debate, Hindi was adopted as the official language of India with English continuing as an associate official language for a pre-set period of 15 years. After the new Constitution [[Republic Day (India)|came into effect on 26 January 1950]], many non-Hindi States opposed efforts by the [[Union government]] to make Hindi the sole official language after 26 January 1965.

The [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), a descendant of the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] (DK) in the then Madras State, led the opposition to Hindi. To allay their fears, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] enacted the [[Official Languages Act in 1963]] to ensure the use of English beyond 1965. Still, there were apprehensions that his assurances might not be honoured by successive governments. As 26 January 1965 approached, the anti-Hindi movement gained momentum in Madras State with increased support from college students. On 25 January, a minor altercation between agitating students and INC party members triggered a full-scale riot in [[Madurai]], eventually spreading all over the State. The riots (marked by violence, arson, looting, police firing and [[lathi charge]]s) continued unabated for the next two months. Paramilitary involvement (on the request of the State government headed by INC) resulted in the deaths of about 70 people (by official estimates) including two policemen. To calm the situation, the then Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] assured that English would continue as the official language as long as the non-Hindi States wanted. The riots and student agitation subsided after this.

The agitations led to major political changes in the state. The DMK won the [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967 assembly election]] and the INC never managed to recapture power in the state since then. The Official Languages Act was eventually amended in 1967 by the Union government (headed by [[Indira Gandhi]]) to guarantee the indefinite use of Hindi and English as official languages. This effectively ensured the current "virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism" of the Indian Republic. There were also two similar (but smaller) agitations in 1968 and 1986 which had varying degrees of success. In the 21st century, numerous agitations in various forms have been continuing intermittently in response to covert and overt attempts of Hindi promulgation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Nov 27, 2022 |title=TN: 85-year-old DMK cadre self-immolates in Salem protesting against 'Hindi imposition', CM Stalin reacts |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/tn-85-year-old-dmk-cadre-self-immolates-in-salem-protesting-against-hindi-imposition-cm-stalin-reacts20221127013059 |website=[[Asian News International]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=Language Fracas |url=https://www.indialegallive.com/magazine/dahi-curd-fssai-language-fracas-karnataka-tamil-nadu-nandini-aavin/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=India Legal |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Background==
{{main|Languages of India}}{{see also|Linguistic imperialism}}
The Republic of India has hundreds of languages.<ref name="census">{{cite web
|url = http://www.education.nic.in/language_new/lang_overview.asp
|title = Census of India 2001 – General Note
|publisher = Department of Education, Government of India
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091216134226/http://education.nic.in/language_new/lang_overview.asp
|archive-date = 16 December 2009
|url-status = dead}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]], English was the [[official language]]. When the [[Indian independence movement]] gained momentum in the early part of the 20th century, efforts were undertaken to make [[Hindi]] as a common language to unite linguistic groups against the British government. As early as 1918, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] established the ''[[Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha]]'' (Institution for the Propagation of Hindi in South India). In 1925, the Indian National Congress switched the language of its official business from English to Hindi.<ref name="ramaswamy421">{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997| loc=ch. 4.21 (Battling the Demoness Hindi)}}</ref> Both Gandhi and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] were supporters of Hindi and Congress wanted to propagate the learning of Hindi in non-Hindi speaking provinces of India.<ref name="nehru1">{{cite book | first1=Jawaharlal| last1=Nehru| first2=Mohandas| last2=Gandhi| author-link=Jawaharlal Nehru | year=1937| title= The question of language: Issue 6 of Congress political and economic studies| publisher=K. M. Ashraf| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=R5upQgAACAAJ}}</ref><ref name="guha1">{{Harvnb|Guha|2008|pp=128–131}}</ref><ref name="ghose">{{cite book | first=Sankar| last=Ghose| year= 1993| title= Jawaharlal Nehru, a biography | publisher=Allied Publishers| isbn=978-81-7023-369-5| page=216| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=MUeyUhVGIDMC&pg=PA216}}</ref> The idea of making Hindi the common language forcefully, was not acceptable to Periyar, who viewed it as an attempt to make Tamils subordinate to [[North India]]ns.<ref name="saraswathi">{{cite book | first=Srinivasan| last=Saraswathi| year= 1994| title= Towards self-respect: Periyar EVR on a new world | publisher=Institute of South Indian Studies| pages=88–89| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=KRgLNgAACAAJ}}</ref>

==Agitation of 1937–1940==
{{Main|Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40}}

[[File:Periyar with Jinnah and Ambedkar.JPG|thumb|300px|right|alt=Five men sitting in chairs around a small table. Four of them are wearing suits and one is wearing a shawl and a dhoti. The one wearing the shawl has a flowing white beard.|Right to left: [[B. R. Ambedkar]], [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy|Periyar]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]] at Jinnah's residence in Bombay (8 January 1940)<ref name="more2">{{Harvnb|More|1997| p=172}}</ref>]]

The Indian National Congress won the [[1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election|1937 elections]] in Madras Presidency. [[C. Rajagopalachari|Rajaji]] became the chief minister on 14 July 1937. He was a supporter of propagating Hindi in South India. On 11 August 1937,<ref name="venu2">{{cite book | first= E.Es. | last=Venu| year=1979| title= Why South opposes Hindi| publisher=Justice Publications| page=54| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83xIAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> within a month of coming to power, he announced his intention to introduce Hindi language teaching in secondary schools by issuing a policy statement.<ref name="more"/> On 21 April 1938, he issued a government order making the teaching of Hindi compulsory in 125 secondary schools in the presidency. Periyar and the opposition Justice Party led by [[A. T. Panneerselvam]] immediately opposed the move. They started state-wide protests against Rajaji and Hindi.

The agitation was backed by Periyar's [[Self-Respect Movement]] and Justice Party. It also had the support of Tamil scholars like [[Maraimalai Adigal]], [[Somasundara Bharathiar]], K. Appadurai, Mudiyarasan and [[S. Ilakkuvanar|Ilakkuvanar]]. In December 1937, Tamil [[Saivite]] scholars were among the first to announce their opposition to the Hindi teaching in the ''Saiva Sidhandha Maha Samaja'' conference at [[Velur, Tamil Nadu|Velur]].<ref name="saivite1">{{cite journal|last=Venkatachalapathy|first=A. R.|date=8 April 1995|title=Dravidian Movement and Saivites: 1927–1944|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=30|issue=14|pages=761–768|issn=0012-9976|oclc=46735231|jstor=4402599}}</ref> Women also participated in the agitation in large numbers. [[Moovalur Ramamirtham]], Narayani, Va. Ba. Thamaraikani, Munnagar Azhagiyar, Dr. [[S. Dharmambal]], Malar Mugathammaiyar, Pattammal and Seethammal were some of the women who were arrested for participating in the agitation.<ref name="sarkar"/> On 13 November 1938,<ref name="ravichandran175">{{Harvnb|Ravichandran|C. A. Perumal|1982|p=175}}</ref> the Tamil Nadu Women's Conference was convened to demonstrate women's support for the movement.<ref name="ramaswamy522">{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997| loc=ch. 5.22 (The Woman Devotee)}}</ref><ref name="srilata">{{cite book | first=K.| last=Srilata| year=2003| title=The other half of the coconut: women writing self-respect history: an anthology of self-respect literature (1928–1936) | publisher=Zubaan| isbn=978-81-86706-50-3| pages=11–12| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AOnhw_0UREC&pg=PA11}}</ref> The agitation was marked by [[Anti-Brahminism|anti-Brahmin]] sentiments as the protesters believed [[Brahmin]]s were attempting to impose Hindi and [[Sanskrit]] over Tamil.<ref name="ramaswamy524">{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997| loc=ch. 5.24 (The Brahman Devotee)}}</ref><ref name="kannan8">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| p=53}}</ref><ref name="kannan9">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| pp=50–51}}</ref><ref name="phadnis">{{cite book | first1=Urmila | last1=Phadnis|author-link1=Urmila Phadnis|first2=Rajat| last2=Ganguly| year=2001| title=Ethnicity and nation-building in South Asia | publisher=SAGE| isbn=978-0-7619-9439-8| page=221| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbf2wzyuWkUC&pg=PA221}}</ref> Despite the general anti-Brahminism of the agitation, a few Brahmins like Kanchi Rajagopalachari also participated in the movement.<ref name="ramaswamy530a">{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997| loc=ch. 5.30 (The Devotee as Martyr)}}</ref>
The Tamil speaking Muslims in the Madras presidency supported the agitation (in contrast to the [[Urdu]]-speaking Muslims, who supported the propagation of Hindi, since Hindi and Urdu are linguistically the same language called [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]). The agitation was marked by fasts,<ref name="ramaswamy530a" /><ref name="kannan7">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| p=52}}</ref> protest marches, processions,<ref name="ramaswamy421"/><ref name="more"/><ref name="baliga1"/> picketing of schools teaching Hindi and government offices,<ref name="Irschick2">{{Harvnb|Irschick|1986| pp=220–226}}</ref> anti-Hindi conferences, observing an anti-Hindi day (1 July<ref name="ravichandran174">{{Harvnb|Ravichandran|C. A. Perumal|1982|p=174}}</ref> and 3 December 1938<ref name="baliga1">{{cite book | first= B. S. | last=Baliga| year=2000| title=Madras district gazetteers, Volume 10, Part 1| publisher=Superintendent, Govt. Press| page=244| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBxuAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>) and black flag demonstrations. It was active in the Tamil speaking districts of the presidency – [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramnad]], [[Tirunelveli District|Tirunelveli]], [[Salem District|Salem]], [[Thanjavur District|Tanjore]] and [[North Arcot]].<ref name="more"/> During the course of the agitation, two protesters – Natarajan and Thalamuthu – lost their lives in police custody.<ref name="ramaswamy530b">{{harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997|loc=Chapter 5.30}}</ref><ref name="geetha">{{cite book | first1=V| last1=Geetha|first2=S. V.| last2=Rajadurai| year=1998| title=Towards a non-Brahmin millennium: from Iyothee Thass to Periyar | publisher=Samya| isbn=978-81-85604-37-4| page=499| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-bh6AAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="bhattacharya">{{cite book | first1=Sabyasachi | last1=Bhattacharya| first2=Brahma | last2=Nand| first3=Inukonda | last3=Thirumali| year=2004| title=Repressed discourses: essays in honour of Prof. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya | publisher=Bibliomatrix| isbn=978-81-901964-1-3| page=259| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mavvAAAAIAAJ}}</ref>

[[File:Periyarkutiarasu.jpg|right|thumb|225px|Front page of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy's periodical ''Kudiyarasu'' (3 September 1939). The headline reads "Veezhga Indhi" (Down with Hindi)]]
The ruling Congress Party was divided on the Hindi issue. While Rajaji and his supporters stuck to their position, [[S. Satyamurti|Sathyamurti]] and [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] were against it. They wanted Rajaji to make Hindi optional or to provide a conscience clause for allowing parents to withhold their children from Hindi classes. But Rajaji was firm in his stance. The police response to the agitation grew progressively brutal in 1939. During the agitation, a total of 1,198 protesters were arrested and out of them 1,179 were convicted (73 of those jailed were women and 32 children accompanied their mothers to prison).<ref name="sarkar">{{cite book | first=Tanika| last=Sarkar| year=2008| title=Women and social reform in modern India: a reader | publisher=Indiana University Press| isbn=978-0-253-22049-3| page=396| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLGBUEs74n4C}}</ref> Periyar was fined 1,000 rupees and sentenced to one year of rigorous imprisonment for inciting "women to disobey the law" (he was released within six months on 22 May 1939 citing medical grounds)<ref name="ravichandran176">{{Harvnb|Ravichandran|C. A. Perumal|1982|p=176}}</ref> and Annadurai was jailed for four months.<ref name="baliga2">{{cite book | first= B. S. | last=Baliga| year=2000| title=Tamil Nadu district gazetteers, Volume 2| publisher=Superintendent, Govt. Press| page=85| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2VDAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref name="kalachuvadu2">{{cite web|url=http://kalachuvadu.com/issue-105/page44.asp |title=The son who named his mother |last=Thirunavukkarasu |first=K |date=September 2008 |work=Kalachuvadu Magazine |language=ta |access-date=3 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627120533/http://kalachuvadu.com/issue-105/page44.asp |archive-date=27 June 2009}}</ref> On 7 June 1939, all those arrested for participating in the agitations were released without explanation.<ref name="ravichandran176"/> Rajaji also organised pro-Hindi meetings to counter the agitators.<ref name="more">{{Harvnb|More|1997| pp=156–159}}</ref><ref name="Irschick2"/> On 29 October 1939, the Congress government resigned protesting the involvement of India in the Second World War, and the Madras provincial government was placed under governor's rule. On 31 October, Periyar suspended the agitation and asked the governor to withdraw the compulsory Hindi order.<ref name="ravichandran176"/> On 21 February 1940, Governor Erskine issued a press communique withdrawing compulsory Hindi teaching and making it optional.<ref name="sundararajan">{{cite book | first=Saroja| last=Sundararajan| year=1989| title= March to freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916–1947 | publisher=Lalitha Publications| page=546| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nr5HAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

==Agitations of 1946–1950==
From 1946 to 1950, there were sporadic agitations against Hindi by the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) and Periyar. Whenever the government introduced Hindi as a compulsory language in schools, anti-Hindi protests happened and succeeded in stopping the move.<ref name="williams">{{cite book | first1=Rohit | last1=Wanchoo| first2=Mukesh | last2=Williams| year=2007| title= Representing India: literatures, politics, and identities | publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-569226-6| page=73| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uYTAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> The largest anti-Hindi imposition agitations in this period occurred from 1948 to 1950. After India's independence in 1947, the Congress government at the centre urged all states to make Hindi compulsory in schools. The Congress government of Madras Presidency under [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar|Omandur Ramasamy Reddiar]] complied and made Hindi compulsory in the 1948–49 academic year. It also introduced a minimum qualification in Hindi for the promotion of students to higher classes. Periyar once again launched agitation against the imposition of Hindi. The 1948 agitation was supported by former Congress nationalists like [[M. P. Sivagnanam]] and [[V. Kalyanasundaram|Thiru. Vi. Ka]], who recanted their earlier pro-Hindi policies. On 17 July, the DK convened an all party anti-Hindi conference to oppose the compulsory Hindi teaching. As in the agitation from 1938 to 1940, this agitation was also characterized by strikes, black flag demonstrations and anti-Hindi processions. When Rajaji (then the [[Governor-General of India]]) visited Madras on 23 August, the DK staged a black flag demonstration against his visit. On 27 August, Periyar and Annadurai were arrested. The government did not change its position on Hindi and the agitation continued. On 18 December, Periyar and other DK leaders were arrested again. A compromise was reached between the government and agitators. The government stopped the legal action against the agitators and they in turn dropped the agitation on 26 December 1948. Eventually, the government made Hindi teaching optional beginning in 1950. Students who did not want to learn Hindi were allowed to participate in other school activities during Hindi classes.<ref name="ramaswamy421"/><ref name="ramaswamy522"/><ref name="ravichandran177">{{Harvnb|Ravichandran|C. A. Perumal|1982|pp=177–179}}</ref><ref name="vasantha">{{Harvnb|Kandasamy|Smarandache|2005| pp=108–110}}</ref>

== Official languages and the Indian Constitution ==
{{see also|Part Seventeen of the Constitution of India}}
The [[Constituent Assembly of India|Indian Constituent Assembly]] was established on 9 December 1946, for drafting a [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] when India became independent. The Constituent Assembly witnessed fierce debates on the language issue. The adoption of a National Language, the language in which the Constitution was to be written in and the language in which the proceedings of the Constituent Assembly were to be conducted were the main linguistic questions debated by the framers of the Constitution.<ref name="hindu2">{{cite news
| url = http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/01/18/stories/2004011800040300.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040526223044/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/01/18/stories/2004011800040300.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 26 May 2004
| title = Hindi chauvinism
| author = Ramachandra Guha
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
| date = 18 January 2004
| access-date =26 November 2009
| author-link = Ramachandra Guha
}}</ref> On one side were members from the "Hindi-speaking provinces" like Algu Rai Sastri, [[Pandit Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar|R.V. Dhulekar]], Balkrishna Sharma, [[Purushottam Das Tandon]], (all from [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]]), Babunath Gupta ([[Bihar]]), Hari Vinayak Pataskar ([[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]]) and [[Ravi Shankar Shukla]], [[Seth Govind Das]] ([[Central Provinces and Berar]]). They moved a large number of pro-Hindi amendments and argued for adopting Hindi as the sole National Language.<ref name="austin">{{cite book | first=Granville| last=Austin| author-link= Granville Austin| year= 1966| title= The Indian constitution: cornerstone of a nation| publisher=Clarendon| isbn=978-0-19-564959-8| page=277 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=0y6OAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="prasad1">{{cite book | first=Rajendra| last=Prasad| author-link=Rajendra Prasad | year= 1984| title= Dr. Rajendra Prasad, correspondence and select documents, Volume 4| publisher=Allied Publishers| isbn=978-81-7023-002-1| page=110 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EcSoIAAACAAJ}}</ref> On 10 December 1946, Dhulekar declared "People who do not know Hindi have no right to stay in India. People who are present in the House to fashion a constitution for India and do not know Hindi are not worthy to be members of this assembly. They had better leave."<ref name="hindu2"/><ref>Constitution Assembly Debates-Official Report (New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1988), Volume 1, p 26-27</ref>

The members of the Constituent Assembly in favor of recognizing Hindi as the National Language of India was further divided into two camps: the Hindi faction comprising Tandon, Ravi Shankar Shukla, Govind Das, [[Sampurnanand]], and [[K. M. Munshi]]; and the Hindi faction represented by Jawaharlal Nehru and [[Abul Kalam Azad]].<ref name="annamalai1">{{cite book | first=E| last=Annamalai| year= 1979| title= Language movements in India | publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages| chapter= Language Movements Against Hindi as An Official Language| chapter-url =http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/langMove/hinoff.html}}</ref> The adoption of Hindi as the national language was opposed by certain Constituent Assembly members from South India like [[T.T. Krishnamachari]], G. Durgabai, [[T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar]], [[N. G. Ranga]], N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar (all belonging to "Madras") and S. V. Krishnamurthy Rao (Mysore). This anti-Hindi block favoured "retaining" English as the "official" language.<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="hindu3"/> Their views were reflected in the following pronouncement of Krishnamachari:

<blockquote>We disliked the English language in the past. I disliked it because I was forced to learn [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] and [[John Milton|Milton]], for which I had no taste at all. If we are going to be compelled to learn Hindi, I would perhaps not be able to learn it because of my age, and perhaps I would not be willing to do it because of the amount of constraint you put on me. This kind of intolerance makes us fear that the strong Centre which we need, a strong Centre which is necessary will also mean the enslavement of people who do not speak the language at the centre. I would, Sir, convey a warning on behalf of people of the South for the reason that there are already elements in South India who want separation ..., and my honourable friends in U.P. do not help us in any way by flogging their idea of "Hindi Imperialism" to the maximum extent possible. So, it is up to my friends in Uttar Pradesh to have a whole India; it is up to them to have a Hindi-India. The choice is theirs.<ref name="hindu2"/><ref>Constitution Assembly Debates-Official Report (New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1988), Volume 7, p235</ref></blockquote>

After three years of debate, the assembly arrived at a compromise at the end of 1949.<ref name="guha1"/><ref name="brass1">{{cite book | first=Paul R.| last=Brass| year= 1994| title= The politics of India since independence| publisher=Cambridge University Press| isbn=978-0-521-45970-9| page=164 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=dtKe6XV8z7wC}}</ref> It was called the Munshi-Ayyangar formula (after K.M. Munshi and Gopalaswamy Ayyangar) and it struck a balance between the demands of all groups.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/constituent/vol9p33c.html
|title = Constituent Assembly Debate Proceeding (Volume IX) -Tuesday, the 13th September 1949
|publisher = Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Government of India
|access-date = 26 November 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110102081430/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/constituent/vol9p33c.html
|archive-date = 2 January 2011
|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="rai1">{{cite book | first=Alok| last=Rai| year= 2001| title= Hindi nationalism| publisher=Orient Blackswan| isbn=978-81-250-1979-4| page=110| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=fmnpssOM_3kC}}</ref> [[s:en:Constitution of India/Part XVII|Part XVII]] of the Indian Constitution was drafted according to this compromise. It did not have any mention of a "National Language". Instead, it defined only the "Official Languages" of the Union:<ref name="hindu3">{{cite news
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/article61129.ece
| title = Language issue again: the need for a clear-headed policy
| author = S. Viswanathan
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
| date = 7 December 2009
| access-date =8 December 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100120072025/http://beta.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/article61129.ece| archive-date= 20 January 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="rao1">{{cite book | first=Pandu Rangi| last=Kodanda Rao| year= 1969| title=Language issue in the Indian Constituent Assembly: 1946–1950: rational support for English and non-rational support for Hindi| publisher=International Book House| pages=44–46| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=GPksAAAAIAAJ}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] in [[Devanagari]] script would be the official language of the Indian Union. For fifteen years, English would also be used for all official purposes (Article 343). A language commission could be convened after five years to recommend ways to promote Hindi as the sole official language and to phase out the use of English (Article 344). Official communication between states and between states and the Union would be in the official language of the union (Article 345). English would be used for all legal purposes – in court proceedings, bills, laws, rules and other regulations (Article 348). The Union was duty bound to promote the spread and usage of Hindi (Article 351).

India became independent on 15 August 1947 and the Constitution was adopted on 26 January 1950.

==The language commission==
The adoption of English as official language along with Hindi was heavily criticized by pro-Hindi politicians like [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Jana Sangh]]'s founder [[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]], who demanded that Hindi should be made National language.<ref name="prasad2">{{cite book | first=Christophe | last=Jaffrelot| year= 1996| title= The Hindu nationalist movement and Indian politics: 1925 to the 1990s | publisher=C. Hurst & Co Publishers| isbn=978-1-85065-301-1| page=160 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=uywnx2IHH8cC}}</ref> Soon after the Constitution was adopted on 26 January 1950, efforts were made to propagate Hindi for official usage. In 1952, the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]] launched a voluntary Hindi teaching scheme. On 27 May 1952, use of Hindi was introduced in warrants for judicial appointments. In 1955, in-house Hindi training was started for all ministries and departments of the central government. On 3 December 1955, the government started using Hindi (along with English) for "specific purposes of the Union".<ref name="timeline1">{{cite web
|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/IIContent.aspx?t=enevents
|title=Sequence of Events with respect to the Official Language of the Union
|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
|access-date=24 November 2009
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110802071514/http://rajbhasha.nic.in/IIContent.aspx?t=enevents
|archive-date=2 August 2011
}}</ref>

As provided for by Article 343, Nehru appointed the First Official Language Commission under the chairmanship of [[B. G. Kher]] on 7 June 1955. The commission delivered its report on 31 July 1956. It recommended a number of steps to eventually replace English with Hindi (the report registered "dissenting notes" from two members – [[P. Subbarayan]] from Madras State and [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] from [[West Bengal]].<ref name="simpson"/><ref name="kumar">{{cite book | first=Virendra| last=Kumar| year=1993| title= Committees and commissions in India | publisher=Concept Publishing Company| isbn=978-81-7596-312-2| pages=53–66| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXa6g_lJOWAC&pg=PA53}}</ref> The Parliamentary Committee on Official Language, chaired by [[Govind Ballabh Pant]] was constituted in September 1957 to review the Kher commission report. After two years of deliberations, the Pant Committee submitted its recommendations to the President on 8 February 1959. It recommended that Hindi should be made the primary official language with English as the subsidiary one. The Kher Commission and the Pant Committee recommendations were condemned and opposed by self-described "non-Hindi" politicians like [[Frank Anthony]] and P. Subbarayan. The Academy of Telugu opposed the switch from English to Hindi in a convention held in 1956. Rajaji, once a staunch supporter of Hindi, organised an All India Language Conference (attended by representatives of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Assamese, Oriya, Marathi, Kannada and Bengali languages) on 8 March 1958 to oppose the switch, declaring [that] "Hindi is as much foreign to non-Hindi speaking people as English is to the protagonists of Hindi."<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="simpson"/><ref name="fishman">{{cite book | first1=Joshua A. | last1=Fishman| first2=Andrew W.| last2=Conrad|first3=Alma| last3=Rubal-Lopez| year=1996| title= Post-imperial English: status change in former British and American colonies, 1940–1990 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter| isbn=978-3-11-014754-4| page=564| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIu244rlVu8C&pg=PA564}}</ref>

As the opposition to Hindi grew stronger, Nehru tried to reassure the concerns of "non-Hindi speakers". Speaking in the parliamentary debate on a bill introduced by Anthony to include English in the [[8th Schedule|Eighth Schedule]], Nehru gave an assurance to them (on 7 August 1959):<ref name="timeline1"/>

<blockquote>I believe also two things. As I just said, there must be no imposition. Secondly, for an indefinite period – I do not know how long – I should have, I would have English as an '''associate, additional language''' which can be used not because of facilities and all that ... but because I do not wish the people of Non-Hindi areas to feel that certain doors of advance are closed to them because they are forced to correspond – the Government, I mean – in the Hindi language. They can correspond in English. So I could have it as an alternate language as long as people require it and the decision for that – I would leave not to the Hindi-knowing people, but to the non-Hindi-knowing people.<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="krishnaswamy">{{cite book | first=Lalitha| last=Krishnaswamy| year=2006| title= The story of English in India| publisher=Foundation Books| isbn=978-81-7596-312-2| page=113| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBpFLdcEG7IC}}</ref><ref name="kannan1">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| pp=231–232}}</ref></blockquote>
This assurance momentarily allayed the fears of the South Indians.<ref name="Hardgrave">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/2642412| first = Robert L.|last=Hardgrave| title =The Riots in Tamilnad: Problems and Prospects of India's Language Crisis| journal = Asian Survey| volume = 5| issue = 8| pages = 399–407| publisher = University of California Press| date = August 1965| jstor = 2642412}}</ref> But the Hindi proponents were dismayed and Pant remarked "Whatever I achieved in two years, the prime minister destroyed in less than two minutes".<ref name="kannan1"/>

==DMK's "Anti-Hindi imposition" policies==
The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) which split from the Dravidar Kazhagam in 1949, inherited the anti-Hindi policies of its parent organisation. DMK's founder Annadurai had earlier participated in the anti-Hindi imposition agitations during 1938–40 and in the 1940s. In July 1953, the DMK launched the [[Kallakudi demonstration]] against changing the name of a town from [[Kallakudi]] to [[Dalmiapuram]]. They claimed that the town's name (after [[Ramkrishna Dalmia]]) symbolised the exploitation of South India by the North.<ref name="mills">{{cite book | first1=James H.| last1=Mills| first2=Satadru| last2=Sen| year=2004| title=Confronting the body: the politics of physicality in colonial and post-colonial India| publisher=Anthem Press| isbn=978-1-84331-033-4| page=151| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hIUBioZHHQC&pg=PT151}}</ref><ref name="sangam">{{cite web
| url =http://www.sangam.org/2009/09/Anna_Centennial_3.php?print=true
| title = Anna in the dock (1953)
| author = Sachi Sri Kantha
| work = Anna's Birth Centennial Anthology Part 3
| publisher = Sangam.org
| date = 16 September 2009
| access-date =24 November 2009
}}</ref> On 15 July 1953, [[M. Karunanidhi]] (later Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu) and other DMK members erased the Hindi name in Dalmiapuram railway station's name board and lay down on the tracks. In the altercation with the police that followed the protests, two DMK members lost their lives and several others including Karunanidhi and Kannadhasan were arrested.<ref name="ramaswamy">{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997| p=108 | loc=ch. 5.29 (The Warrior Devotee)}}</ref>

In the 1950s DMK continued its anti-Hindi policies along with the secessionist demand for [[Dravida Nadu]]. On 28 January 1956, Annadurai along with Periyar and Rajaji signed a resolution passed by the Academy of Tamil Culture endorsing the continuation of English as the official language.<ref name="aanli">{{cite book | year=1958| title= Modern India rejects Hindi| publisher=Association for the Advancement of the National Languages of India| page=29| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGcOAQAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="copley">{{cite book | first= Antony R. H. | last=Copley| year=1978| title= The political career of C. Rajagopalachari, 1937–1954: a moralist in politics| publisher=Macmillan| page=311| isbn=9780333902127| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-uYmpYmXuMC}}</ref> On 21 September 1957 the DMK convened an anti-Hindi Conference to protest against the imposition of Hindi. It observed 13 October 1957 as "anti-Hindi Day".<ref name="businessstandard">{{cite news
| url =http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/a-script-which-karuna-would-never-imagined-in-tn/61923/on
| title = A script which Karuna would never imagined in TN
| work = [[Business Standard]]
| publisher = Business Standard Ltd
| date = 16 May 2009
| access-date =24 November 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091201202600/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/a-script-which-karuna-would-never-imagined-in-tn/61923/on| archive-date= 1 December 2009 | url-status= live| agency = Press Trust of India
}}</ref><ref name="swaminathan">{{cite book | first= S. | last=Swaminathan| year=1974| title= Karunanidhi: man of destiny| publisher=Affiliated East-West Press| page=8| isbn=9780333902127| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-uYmpYmXuMC}}</ref> On 31 July 1960, another open air anti-Hindi conference was held at [[Kodambakkam]], Madras.<ref name="venu">{{cite book | first= E.Es. | last=Venu| year=1979| title= Why South opposes Hindi| publisher=Justice Publications| page=76| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83xIAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> In November 1963, DMK dropped its secessionist demand in the wake of the [[Sino-Indian War]] and the passage of the anti-secessionist 16th Amendment to the Indian Constitution. But the anti-Hindi stance remained and hardened with the passage of Official Languages Act of 1963.<ref name="rajagopalan">{{cite book | first= Swarna | last=Rajagopalan| year=2001| title= State and nation in south Asia| publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers| isbn=978-1-55587-967-9| pages=153–156| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7Yz5aGeoTsC}}</ref> The DMK's view on Hindi's qualifications for official language status were reflected in Annadurai's response to the "numerical superiority of Hindi" argument: "If we had to accept the principle of numerical superiority while selecting our national bird, the choice would have fallen not on the peacock but on the common crow."<ref name="guha2">{{Harvnb|Guha|2008|pp=393}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news|title=Tongue tied|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20071231-tongue-tied-734837-2007-12-20|author=A R Venkatachalapathy|work=[[India Today]]|date=20 December 2007|publisher =[[Living Media]]| access-date =8 December 2009|author-link=A R Venkatachalapathy}}</ref>

== Official Languages Act of 1963 ==
As the deadline stipulated in Part XVII of the Constitution for switching to Hindi as primary official language approached, the central government stepped up its efforts to spread Hindi's official usage. In 1960, compulsory training for Hindi typing and stenography was started. The same year, India's president [[Rajendra Prasad]] acted on the Pant Committee's recommendations and issued orders for preparation of Hindi glossaries, translating procedural literature and legal codes to Hindi, imparting Hindi education to government employees and other efforts for propagating Hindi.<ref name="timeline1"/> Nehru said that the presidential orders did not contradict his earlier assurance and reassured that there would be no imposition of Hindi on non-Hindi speakers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-08-11|orig-date=1960|title=This Day That Age (August 12, 1960)|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/This-Day-That-Age-August-12-1960/article16127982.ece|access-date=2021-03-08|issn=0971-751X|quote=There is going to be no imposition of Hindi and English will continue as an additional or an associate language for all-India purposes till such time, as the non-Hindi people want to change it}}</ref>

To give legal status to Nehru's assurance of 1959, the [[Official Languages Act, 1963|Official Languages Act]] was passed in 1963.<ref name=Duncan_B._Forrester>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/2755179| first = Duncan B.|last =Forrester| title = The Madras Anti-Hindi Agitation, 1965: Political Protest and its Effects on Language Policy in India | journal = Pacific Affairs| volume = 39| issue = 1/2| pages = 19–36| publisher = Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia| year = 1996 | jstor = 2755179}}</ref> In Nehru's own words:
<blockquote>This is a Bill, in continuation of what has happened in the past, to remove a restriction which had been placed by the Constitution on the use of English after a certain date i.e. 1965. It is just to remove that restriction that this is placed.<ref name="annamalai1"/></blockquote>

The Bill was introduced in Parliament on 21 January 1963. Opposition to the Bill came from DMK members who objected to the usage of the word "may" instead of "shall" in section 3 of the Bill. That section read: "the English language '''may''' ... continue to be used in addition to Hindi". The DMK argued was that the term "may" could be interpreted as "may not" by future administrations. They feared that the minority opinion would not be considered and non-Hindi speakers' views would be ignored. On 22 April, Nehru assured the parliamentarians that, for that particular case "may" had the same meaning as "shall". The DMK then demanded, if that was the case why "shall" was not used instead of "may". Leading the opposition to the Bill was Annadurai (then a Member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]). He pleaded for an indefinite continuation of the ''status quo'' and argued that continued use of English as official language would "distribute advantages or disadvantages evenly" among Hindi and non-Hindi speakers. The Bill was passed on 27 April without any change in the wording. As he had warned earlier, Annadurai launched statewide protests against Hindi.<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="rajagopalan"/><ref name="annadurai">{{cite book | first= C. N.| last=Annadurai| author-link=C. N. Annadurai| year=1975| title=Anna speaks at the Rajya Sabha, 1962–66| publisher=Orient Longman| page=65| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3CwdAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news
| url = http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/01/16/stories/2005011600260300.htm
| title = Hindi against India
| author = Ramachandra Guha
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
| date = 16 January 2005
| access-date =30 August 2007
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070828182942/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/01/16/stories/2005011600260300.htm| archive-date= 28 August 2007 | url-status= dead}}</ref> In November 1963, Annadurai was arrested along with 500 DMK members for burning part XVII of the Constitution at an anti-Hindi Conference.<ref name="recorder">{{Cite journal| title =none| journal =Indian Recorder and Digest| volume = 9| issue = 9–12| page = 26| publisher = Diwan Chand Information Centre| date = Sep–Nov 1963}}</ref> He was sentenced to six months in prison.<ref name="kannan2">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| p=273}}</ref> On 25 January 1964, a DMK member, Chinnasamy, committed suicide at Trichy by self-immolation, to protest the "imposition of Hindi". He was claimed as the first "language martyr" of the second round of the anti-Hindi struggle by the DMK.<ref name="kannan3">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| p=278}}</ref>

Nehru died in May 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister of India. Shastri and his senior cabinet members [[Morarji Desai]] and [[Gulzari Lal Nanda]] were strong supporters of Hindi being the sole official language. This increased the apprehension that Nehru's assurances of 1959 and 1963 would not be kept despite Shastri's assurances to the contrary.<ref name="hindu1"/> Concerns over the preference of Hindi in central government jobs, civil service examinations and the fear that English would be replaced with Hindi as medium of instruction brought students into the anti-Hindi imposition agitation camp in large numbers.<ref name="mitra"/> On 7 March 1964, the chief minister of Madras State, [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]] at a session of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Madras Legislative Assembly]] recommended the introduction of [[Three-language formula]] (English, Hindi and Tamil) in the state.<ref name="recorder2">{{Cite journal| title =none| journal=Indian Recorder and Digest| volume = 10| page = 19| publisher = Diwan Chand Information Centre| year = 1964}}</ref> Apprehension over the Three-language formula increased student support for the anti-Hindi cause.<ref name="Hardgrave"/>

==Agitation of 1965==
[[File:Mathialagan VPRaman Anna Rajaji Karunanidhi.jpg|thumb|300px|right|alt= five men and a boy sitting in chairs. Four of the men are middle aged and one is in his seventies. One of the middle aged men is leaning toward and speaking to the old man. | (Front row : left to right) [[K. A. Mathialagan]], [[C. N. Annadurai]], [[C. Rajagopalachari|Rajaji]] and [[M. Karunanidhi]] ]]

As 26 January 1965 approached, the anti-Hindi imposition agitation in Madras State grew in numbers and urgency. The Tamil Nadu Students Anti Hindi Agitation Council was formed in January as an umbrella student organisation to coordinate the anti-Hindi efforts.<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="widmalm">{{cite book | first= Sten | last=Widmalm| year=2002| title=Kashmir in comparative perspective: democracy and violent separatism in India| publisher=Routledge| isbn=978-0-7007-1578-7 | page=107| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eOnwrHsyXDQC}}</ref> The office bearers of the council were student union leaders from all over Madras State including [[P. Seenivasan]], [[K. Kalimuthu]], Jeeva Kalaimani, [[Na. Kamarasan]], Seyaprakasam, Ravichandran, [[S. Duraisamy|Tiruppur. S. Duraiswamy]], [[R. Muthiah|Sedapatti Muthaiah]], [[Durai Murugan]], K. Raja Mohammad, Navalavan, M. Natarajan and [[L. Ganesan]].<ref name="kalachuvadu">{{cite web
|url = http://www.kalachuvadu.com/issue-106/page32.asp
|title = Interview with Pa. Seyaprakasam
|language = ta
|work = Kalachuvadu Magazine
|publisher = Kalachuvadu Publishers
|date = October 2008
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090505141357/http://www.kalachuvadu.com/issue-106/page32.asp
|archive-date = 5 May 2009}}</ref><ref name="sundaresan">{{cite book | first= D| last=Sundaresan| year=2000| title=Language for state administration: a historical account| publisher=Jothi Lakshmi Publishers| location=Chennai | page=2| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k84bAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>

Several student conferences were organised throughout the state to protest against Hindi imposition.<ref name="Hardgrave"/> On 17 January, the Madras State Anti-Hindi Conference was convened at [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and was attended by 700 delegates from Madras, Maharashtra, Kerala and Mysore. They called for the indefinite suspension of Part XVII of the constitution.<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="kanna
">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| p=287}}</ref><ref name="karat">{{cite book | first= Prakash| last=Karat| author-link= Prakash Karat| year=1973| title=Language and nationality politics in India| publisher=Orient Longman| page=92| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbG2AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> The Home and Information & Broadcasting ministries of the central government (headed by Nanda and Indira Gandhi respectively) upped the ante and issued circulars for replacing English with Hindi from 26 January.<ref name="kannan5">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| p=288}}</ref> On 16 January, Annadurai announced that 26 January (also the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day of India]]) would be observed as a day of mourning. Chief minister Bhaktavatsalam warned that the state government would not tolerate the sanctity of the Republic day blasphemed and threatened the students with "stern action" if they participated in politics. The DMK advanced the "Day of Mourning" by a day. On 25 January, Annadurai was taken into preventive custody along with 3000 DMK members to forestall the agitations planned for the next day.<ref name="annadurai1">{{cite book | first= C. N.| last=Annadurai| author-link=C. N. Annadurai| year=1975| title=Anna speaks at the Rajya Sabha, 1962–66| publisher=Orient Longman| page=77| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3CwdAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> On 26 January, 50,000 students from Madras city's colleges marched from Napier park to the Government secretariat at [[Fort St. George (India)|Fort St. George]] and unsuccessfully tried to petition the chief minister.<ref name="kannan5"/>

On 25 January, a clash between agitating students and Congress party workers in [[Madurai]] went out of control and became a riot. Rioting soon spread to other parts of the State.<ref name="Hardgrave"/><ref name="kalachuvadu"/> Police responded with lathi charges and firing on student processions. Acts of arson, looting and damage to public property became common. Railway cars and Hindi name boards at railway stations were burned down; telegraph poles were cut and railway tracks displaced. The Bhaktavatsalam Government considered the situation as a law and order problem and brought in para military forces to quell the agitation. Incensed by police action, violent mobs killed two police men. Several agitators committed suicide by self-immolation and by consuming poison. In two weeks of riots, around 70 people were killed (by official estimates). Some unofficial reports put the death toll as high as 500. A large number of students were arrested. The damage to property was assessed to be ten million rupees.<ref name="ramaswamy530a" /><ref name="Hardgrave"/><ref name="hindu1"/><ref name="mitra"/><ref name="kalachuvadu"/><ref name="thirumavalavan">{{cite book | first= Thol. | last=Thirumavalavan| year=2004| title=Uproot Hindutva: the fiery voice of the liberation panthers| publisher=Popular Prakashan| isbn=978-81-85604-79-4 | page=125| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfNRO-LtsN4C}}</ref><ref name="time1">{{cite magazine
| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940936,00.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071014111537/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940936,00.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 14 October 2007
| title = India: The Force of Words
| magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
| date = 19 February 1965
| access-date =24 November 2009
}}</ref><ref name="guha3">{{Harvnb|Guha|2008|pp=394}}</ref>

On 28 January, classes in [[University of Madras|Madras University]], [[Annamalai University]] and other colleges and schools in the state were suspended indefinitely. Within the Congress, opinion was divided: one group led by [[K. Kamaraj]] wanted the government not to impose Hindi on the Tamils; but others like Morarji Desai did not relent.<ref name="hindu1"/> Home minister Nanda agreed with Bhaktavatsalam's handling of the agitation.<ref name="akbar">{{cite book | first=M.J.| last=Akbar| year=1985| title=India: the siege within| publisher=Penguin Books| page=91 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=rgduAAAAMAAJ | isbn=0-14-007576-3}}</ref><ref name="ganesan">{{cite book | first=Pi. Ci| last=Kaṇēcan| year=2003| title=C.N. Annadurai: Builders of Modern India| publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India| isbn=978-81-230-1101-1| page=62 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=5oduAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Rioting continued throughout the first week of February and by the second week students lost control of the agitation. Violence continued despite Annadurai's appeal for calm. Efforts were made by both sides to find a compromise. On 11 February, [[C. Subramaniam]] and [[O. V. Alagesan]], two union ministers from Madras state, resigned protesting the government's language policy.<ref name="annamalai1"/><ref name="mitra"/><ref name="time1"/><ref name="kannan6">{{Harvnb|Kannan|2010| pp=290–3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/18cs.htm |title=C Subramaniam awarded Bharat Ratna |date=18 February 1998 |work=[[Rediff]] |access-date=26 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203092215/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/18cs.htm |archive-date=3 February 2014}}</ref> President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan refused to accept the Prime Minister Shastri's recommendation that their resignations be accepted. Shastri backed down and made a broadcast through [[All India Radio]] on 11 February. Expressing shock over the riots, he promised to honour Nehru's assurances. He also assured Tamils that English would continue to be used for centre-state and intrastate communications and that the [[Indian Civil Service|All India Civil Services]] examination would continue to be conducted in English.<ref name="hindu1"/><ref name="kannan6"/>

===Impact===
Shastri's assurances calmed down the volatile situation. On 12 February, the students council postponed the agitation indefinitely<ref name="minerva">{{cite book | last=International Association for Cultural Freedom| year= 1964| title=Gerhard Fleischer d. Jüng| publisher=Minerva, Volume 3| page=277 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=WPsbAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> and on 16 February, C. Subramaniam and O. V. Alagesan withdrew their resignations. Sporadic acts of protests and violence continued to happen throughout February and early March. On 7 March, the administration withdrew all the cases filed against the student leaders and on 14 March, the Anti-Hindi Agitation Council dropped the agitation.<ref name="straitstimes1">{{cite web
| url = http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/TOC.aspx?issueid=straitstimes19650316
| title = Anti-Hindi student boycott off
| work = [[The Straits Times]]
| publisher = [[Singapore Press Holdings]]
| date = 16 March 1965
| access-date =24 November 2009
}}</ref> Shastri's climbdown angered the pro-Hindi activists in North India. Members of [[Jan Sangh]] went about the streets of [[New Delhi]], blackening out English signs with tar.<ref name="time2">{{cite magazine
|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839301,00.html
|title=Retreat to English
|magazine=Time
|date=5 March 1965
|access-date=30 August 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930115434/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C839301%2C00.html
|archive-date=30 September 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The agitation for imposition slowly changed into a general anti-Congress organisation.<ref name="kalachuvadu"/> In the [[1967 Madras State legislative assembly election|1967 election]], student leader P. Seenivasan contested against Kamaraj in the [[Virudhunagar (State Assembly Constituency)|Virudhunagar]] constituency. A large number of students from all over the state campaigned for him and ensured his victory: the Congress party was defeated and DMK came to power for the first time in Madras State.<ref name="hindu3"/><ref name="kandaswamy">{{cite book | first=P.| last=Kandaswamy| year= 1965| title= The Political Career of K. Kamaraj | publisher=Concept Publishing Company| ISBN=((81-7122-801-8)) | pages=117 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=bOjT3qffnMkC}}</ref><ref name="rudolf">{{Cite journal| first1 =Lloyd I.|last1=Rudolph|first2 =Susanne|last2=Hoeber Rudolph| title =New Era for India: The Fourth General Election| journal =The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists| volume = 24| issue = 2| pages = 35–40| publisher =Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science| date = February 1968| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=KQcAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35| access-date =9 December 2009|doi=10.1080/00963402.1968.11457636|bibcode=1968BuAtS..24b..35R| url-access =subscription}}</ref>

The Anti-Hindi imposition agitations in Tamil Nadu also had a considerable impact on the neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Mysore]] and [[Kerala]]. The 1965 agitations evoked a strong response from the Tamils of Bangalore city.<ref name="nairp268">{{cite book|title=The Promise of the Metropolis: Bangalore's Twentieth Century|first=Janaki|last=Nair|publisher=Oxford India Paperbacks|page=268}}</ref> In Mysore, over 2000 agitators gathered to protest Hindi and the police had to launch a lathi charge when the agitation grew violent. In Andhra Pradesh, trains were damaged and colleges were shut down.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.scribd.com/collections/2334276/The-Struggle-For-English-1963-68-in-India | title=The Struggle for English (1963-68) in India}}</ref>

==Official Languages (Amendment) Act of 1967==

===Amendment efforts in 1965===
Efforts to amend the Official Languages Act according to Shastri's assurances given in February 1965 faced stiff resistance from the pro-Hindi lobby. On 16 February 55 MPs from 8 different states publicly expressed their disapproval of any change in the Language policy. On 19 February 19 MPs from [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] voiced their opposition for change and on 25 February 106 Congress MPs met the Prime Minister to request him not to amend the act. However, Congress MPs from Madras did not debate the issue on the Parliament floor but met the Prime Minister on 12 March. Congress and opposition parties hesitated to debate the issue in Parliament as they did not wish to make their bitter divisions in public. On 22 February at a meeting in Congress Working Committee, [[K. Kamaraj]] pressed for the amendment to Official Languages Act, but received instant opposition from Morarji Desai, [[Jagjivan Ram]] and Ram Subhag. The Congress working committee finally agreed to a resolution which amounted to slowing down of Hindi-isation, strong implementation of the [[Three-language formula|three language formula]] in Hindi and non-Hindi speaking states, and conduct of the public services exam in all regional languages. These decisions were agreed upon during the Chief Ministers' meeting which was held on 24 February.<ref name="Duncan B. Forrester">{{Cite journal| first = Duncan B. |last=Forrester| title = The Madras Anti-Hindi Agitation, 1965: Political Protest and its Effects on Language Policy in India | journal = Pacific Affairs| volume = 39| issue = 1/2| pages = 19–36| publisher = Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia| date = 196| jstor = 2755179 |doi=10.2307/2755179}}</ref>

The three language formula was not strictly enforced either in South or Hindi-speaking areas. The changes to public services exams were impractical and not well received by government officials. The only real concession to the south was the assurance that the Official Languages Act would be modified. However, any effort to follow through with that pledge received stiff resistance. In April 1965, a meeting of a cabinet sub-committee comprising Gulzari lal Nanda, A. K. Sen, Satyanarayan Sinha, [[Mahavir Tyagi]], [[M. C. Chagla]] and [[S.K. Patil|S. K. Patil]] and but no southern members debated the issue and could not come to any agreement. The sub-committee recommended the continuation of English and Hindi as joint link languages and was not in favour of either quota system or use of regional languages in public services exams. They drafted an amendment to Official Languages Act incorporating Nehru's assurances explicitly. This Bill guaranteeing the use of English in inter-state and state-Union communications as long as desired by Non-Hindi states was approved for discussion by the Speaker on 25 August. But it was withdrawn after a bitter debate citing inopportune time due to the ongoing [[Punjabi Suba movement]] and Kashmir crisis at that time.<ref name="Duncan B. Forrester"/>

===Amendment in 1967===
Shastri died in January 1966 and Indira Gandhi became prime minister. The election of 1967 saw Congress retaining power with a reduced majority in the centre. In Madras State, Congress was defeated and DMK came to power thanks to the support of the entire student community who had taken up the challenge thrown by Kamaraj to defeat him in the elections. The Students' Election Army did door to door campaign urging people to vote against Congress to teach them a lesson for all the atrocities committed by the Bhaktavatsalam Government to students under Defence of India Rules etc., P. Sreenivasan defeated Kamaraj in Virudhunagar. In November 1967, a new attempt to amend the Bill was made. On 27 November,<ref name="mitra">{{cite book | first=Subrata Kumar| last=Mitra| year= 2006| title=The puzzle of India's governance: culture, context and comparative theory| publisher=Routledge| isbn=978-0-415-34861-4| pages=118–20 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=dnoW56MhJZMC&pg=P118}}</ref> the Bill was tabled in Parliament; it was passed on 16 December (by 205 votes to 41 against<ref name="chandra">{{cite book | first=Bipan| last=Chandra| year= 1989| title=India after independence | publisher=Penguin Books| page=96 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=iAZuAAAAMAAJ | isbn=0-670-88269-0}}</ref>). It received presidential assent on 8 January 1968 and came into effect.<ref name="Mohammada">{{cite book | first=Malika | last=Mohammada | year= 2005| title=Culture of Hindi | publisher=Kalinga Publications| isbn=978-81-87644-73-6| page=184 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMZjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> The Amendment modified<ref name="rajbasha">{{cite web
|url = http://rajbhasha.nic.in/GOLPContent.aspx?t=endolact
|title = The Official Languages Act 1963 (As amended on 1967)
|publisher = Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110517063603/http://rajbhasha.nic.in/GOLPContent.aspx?t=endolact
|archive-date = 17 May 2011}}</ref> section 3 of the 1963 act to guarantee the "virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism"<ref name="chandra"/> (English and Hindi) in official transactions.<ref name="ammon">{{cite book | first1=Ulrich| last1=Ammon | first2=Marlis | last2=Hellinger| year= 1992| title=Status change of languages | publisher=Walter de Gruyter| isbn=978-3-11-012668-6| page=188 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC}}</ref>

==Later agitations==

=== 1968 ===
The anti-Hindi imposition activists from Madras State were not satisfied with the 1967 Amendment, as it did not address their concerns about the three language formula. However, with DMK in power, they hesitated to restart the agitation. The Tamil Nadu Students' Anti-Hindi Agitation council split into several factions. The moderate factions favored letting Annadurai and the government to deal with the situation. The extremist factions restarted the agitations. They demanded scrapping of the three language formula and an end to teaching of Hindi, abolishing the use of Hindi commands in the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC), banning of Hindi films and songs and closure of the ''Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachara Sabha'' (Institution for Propagation of Hindi in South India).

On 19 December 1967, the agitation was restarted. It turned violent on 21 December and acts of arson and looting were reported in the state. Annadurai defused the situation by accepting most of their demands.<ref name="mitra"/><ref name="madrasreport">{{cite book | year= 1968| title= Madras State administration report| publisher=Govt of Madras| page=116| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=1nAdAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> On 23 January 1968, a resolution was passed in the Legislative Assembly. It accomplished the following:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/04assly/04_02_2.pdf
|title = The Madras Legislative Assembly – IV Assembly, 2nd Session, 2nd Meeting (23 January 1968)
|publisher = Government of Tamil Nadu
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120220050622/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/04assly/04_02_2.pdf
|archive-date = 20 February 2012}}</ref>

The Three-Language Policy was scrapped and Hindi was eliminated from the curriculum. Only English and Tamil were to be taught and the use of Hindi commands in the NCC was banned. Tamil was to be introduced as the medium of instruction in all colleges and as the "language of administration" within five years, the Central Government was urged to end the special status accorded to Hindi in the Constitution and "treat all languages equally", and was urged to provide financial assistance for development of all languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. These measures satisfied the agitators and "normalcy" returned by February 1968.<ref name="mitra"/>

=== 1986 ===
In 1986, Indian Prime minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] introduced the "National Education Policy".<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.education.nic.in/cd50years/g/T/49/Toc.htm
|title = National Policy on Education – 1986
|publisher = Ministry of Education Website, Government of India
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091017212228/http://www.education.nic.in/cd50years/g/t/49/Toc.htm
|archive-date = 17 October 2009
|url-status = dead}}</ref> This education policy provided for setting up [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya|Navodaya Schools]], where the DMK claimed teaching of Hindi would be compulsory.<ref name="deccanchronicle1">{{cite news
| url =http://www.deccanchronicle.com/chennai/call-start-navodaya-schools-grows-louder-023
| title = Call to start Navodaya schools grows louder
| work = [[The Deccan Chronicle]]
| date = 4 November 2009
| access-date =8 December 2009
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204000348/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/chennai/call-start-navodaya-schools-grows-louder-023
| archive-date=4 December 2010
}}</ref> The [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (ADMK) led by [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (which had split from the DMK in 1972), was in power in Tamil Nadu and the DMK was the main opposition party. Karunanidhi announced an agitation against the opening of [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya|Navodaya schools]] in Tamil Nadu. The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya program, supported fully by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], was established to identify gifted and talented students from economically disadvantaged and historically neglected communities, throughout every state and Union Territory in India and provide for them an education on par with elite residential schools traditionally available in India only for children of the wealthy as well as children of the political class. On 13 November, the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution demanding the repeal of Part XVII of the constitution and for making English the sole official language of the union.<ref name="assembly2">{{cite web
|url = http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/08assly/08_03.pdf
|title = The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, XVII Assembly Third Session (12 November – 22 December 1986)
|publisher = Government of Tamil Nadu
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110105142951/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/08assly/08_03.pdf
|archive-date = 5 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="kumar1">{{Cite journal| first =K.|last=Kumar| title =Anti-Hindi Week| journal =Economic and Political Weekly| volume =21| issue = 42| pages = 1838–1839 | date = 18 October 1986| jstor = 4376232}}</ref>

On 17 November 1986, DMK members protested against the new education policy by burning Part XVII of the Constitution.<ref name="assembly2"/> 20,000 DMK members, including Karunanidhi, were arrested.{{cn |date= March 2025}} 21 persons committed suicide by self-immolation.<ref>
{{cite news
|url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/02/stories/2002060201871700.htm
|title = Politics and suicides
|work = [[The Hindu]]
|publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
|date = 6 February 2002
|access-date = 24 November 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091130100838/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/02/stories/2002060201871700.htm
|archive-date = 30 November 2009
|url-status = usurped}}
</ref> Karunanidhi was sentenced to ten weeks of rigorous imprisonment. Ten DMK MLAs including [[K. Anbazhagan]] were expelled from the Legislative Assembly by the speaker [[P. H. Pandian]].<ref name="assembly2"/> Rajiv Gandhi assured Members of Parliament from Tamil Nadu that Hindi would not be imposed.<ref name="indiatoday2">{{cite book | year= 1986| title= India today, Volume 11| publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Ltd| page=21| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0KAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> As part of the compromise, Navodhaya schools were not started in Tamil Nadu. Currently, Tamil Nadu is the only state in India without Navodaya schools.<ref>{{cite news
| url =http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/article26936.ece
| title =Sibal urges T. Nadu govt to start Navodaya schools
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| publisher = [[The Hindu Group]]
| date = 30 September 2009
| access-date =24 November 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091208010809/http://beta.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article26936.ece| archive-date= 8 December 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>

=== 2014 ===
In 2014, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Ministry]] ordered that "government employees and officials of all ministries, departments, corporations or banks, who have made official accounts on [[Social networking service|social networking sites]] should use [[Hindi]], or both Hindi and English but give priority to Hindi".<ref>{{cite news|author=Aman Sharma |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-17/news/50651316_1_home-ministry-prime-minister-narendra-modi-government-officials |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620154758/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-17/news/50651316_1_home-ministry-prime-minister-narendra-modi-government-officials |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 June 2014 |title=Home Ministry asks bureaucrats to use Hindi on social networking sites |work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=17 June 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> This move was immediately opposed by all the political parties in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/tamil-nadu-parties-including-bjp-allies-oppose-hindi-114062000795_1.html |title=Tamil Nadu parties, including BJP allies, oppose Hindi |work=Business Standard|date=20 June 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kalra |first=Aditya |title=Modi's push for Hindi struggles to translate in some states |publisher=In.reuters.com |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-language-hind-modi/modis-push-for-hindi-struggles-to-translate-in-some-states-idINKBN0EU1B720140619 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> Terming the move on use of Hindi as being "against letter and spirit" of the [[s:en:Official Languages Act, 1963|Official Languages Act]] the Tamil Nadu [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] [[J Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] cautioned that this direction may "cause disquiet to the people of Tamil Nadu who are very proud of and passionate about their linguistic heritage", and asked the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] to suitably modify the instructions to ensure that English was the language of communication on social media.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-20/news/50739013_1_social-media-hindi-english-language |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623172650/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-20/news/50739013_1_social-media-hindi-english-language |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2014 |title=Ensure that English is used on social media: Jaya to Modi |work=The Economic Times|date=20 June 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> The major opposition party [[Indian National Congress]] advised prudence, expressing fear that such directions may result in a backlash in non-Hindi states, especially Tamil Nadu and also said that the "Government would be well-advised to proceed with caution".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-issue-cong-advises-caution-says-backlash-in-nonhindi-states/article6133644.ece |title=Hindi issue: Cong advises caution, says backlash in non-Hindi states |work=The Hindu|date=20 June 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> These protests ensured the continuous official usage of English.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ensure-english-is-used-on-social-media-jaya-to-pm/article1-1231522.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621091905/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ensure-english-is-used-on-social-media-jaya-to-pm/article1-1231522.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 June 2014 |title=Modi govt softens stand on Hindi diktat after row |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

==Impact==
{{See also|Rise of Dravidian parties to power in Tamil Nadu|Languages with official status in India|l2=Official Languages of India}}
[[File:Mozhip por Thiyaagigal mandabam 2.JPG|right|thumb|A memorial for those who died in the Anti-Hindi imposition agitations in Chennai]]
The anti-Hindi imposition agitations of 1937–40 and 1940–50 led to a change of guard in the Madras Presidency. The main opposition party to the Indian National Congress in the state, the Justice Party, came under Periyar's leadership on 29 December 1938.<ref name="vasantha2">{{Harvnb|Kandasamy|Smarandache|2005| p=109}}</ref> In 1944, the Justice Party was renamed as Dravidar Kazhagam. The political careers of many later leaders of the [[Dravidian Movement]], such as C. N. Annadurai and M. Karunanidhi, started with their participation in these agitations. The agitations stopped the compulsory teaching of Hindi in the state.<ref name="ramaswamy421"/><ref name="ramaswamy530a" /> The agitations of the 1960s played a crucial role in the defeat of the Tamil Nadu Congress party in the [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967 elections]] and the continuing dominance of Dravidian parties in Tamil Nadu politics.<ref name="hindu3"/> Many political leaders of the DMK and ADMK, like P. Seenivasan, K. Kalimuthu, Durai Murugan, Tiruppur. S. Duraiswamy, Sedapatti Muthaiah, K. Raja Mohammad, M. Natarajan and L. Ganesan, owe their entry and advancement in politics to their stints as student leaders during the agitations, which also reshaped the Dravidian Movement and broadened its political base, when it shifted from its earlier pro-Tamil (and anti-Brahmin) stance to a more inclusive one, which was both anti-Hindi and pro-English. Finally, the current two-language education policy followed in Tamil Nadu is also a direct result of the agitations.

In the words of Sumathi Ramaswamy (professor of history at [[Duke University]]),<ref>{{cite web
| url =http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/history/faculty/sr76
| title = Prof. Sumathi Ramaswamy Faculty Webpage
| publisher = Department of History, [[Duke University]]
| access-date =24 November 2009
}}</ref>

<blockquote>[The anti-Hindi imposition agitations knit] together diverse, even incompatible, social and political interests ... Their common cause against Hindi imposition had thrown together religious revivalists like Maraimalai Atikal (1876–1950) with avowed atheists like "Periyar" Ramasami and [[Bharathidasan]] (1891–1964); men who supported the Indian cause like [[V. Kalyanasundaram|T.V. Kalyanasundaram]] (1883–1953) and M. P. Sivagnanam with those who wanted to secede from India like Annadurai and M. Karunanidhi (b. 1924); university professors like Somasundara Bharati (1879–1959) and M.S. Purnalingam Pillai (1866–1947) with uneducated street poets, populist pamphleteers and college students.<ref name="simpson">{{cite book | first=Andrew| last=Simpson | year=2007| title=Language and national identity in Asia | publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-926748-4| page=71| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC}}</ref><ref name="ramaswamy2">{{cite journal|last=Ramaswamy |first=Sumathy |title=The demoness, the maid, the whore, and the good mother: contesting the national language in India |journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |issue=140 |pages=1–28 |year=1999 |doi=10.1515/ijsl.1999.140.1 |s2cid=144462193 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref></blockquote>

The anti-Hindi imposition agitations ensured the passage of the Official Languages Act of 1963 and its amendment in 1967, thus ensuring the continued use of English as an official language of India. They effectively brought about the "virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism" of the Indian Republic.<ref name="simpson"/><ref>{{cite book | title=The state of India's democracy|author1=Šumit Ganguly |author2=Larry Jay Diamond |author3=Marc F. Plattner | year=2007| page=51| publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press and the National Endowment for Democracy| isbn=978-0-8018-8791-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Observations on language spread in multi-lingual societies: Lessons learnt from a study of Ancient and Modern India |journal=ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Social Sciences |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&cluster=3225131825144652395&btnI=1&hl=en |last=Mandavilli |first=Sujay Rao |issue=1 |volume=1 |year=2015 |eissn=2349-2317}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The song "Chera Chola Pandiyar" from the Tamil film ''[[Raman Ethanai Ramanadi]]'' (1970) features a line "Tēṉaip pōṉṟa tamiḻ irukka vēṟu pāṣai etaṟku"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-28 |title=Chera Chola Pandiyar Song Lyrics |url=https://www.tamil2lyrics.com/lyrics/chera-chola-pandiyar-song-lyrics/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=www.tamil2lyrics.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ({{Translation|“When Tamil is as [sweet as] honey, why [impose/accept] another language?”}}). This line is a possible allusion to the spirit of the agitations.

In the [[political satire]] film [[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film)|''Muhammad bin Tughluq'']] (1971), the titular character (actually an imposter named Mahadevan - played by [[Cho Ramaswamy]]) becomes the [[Prime Minister of India]] and introduces [[Persian language|Persian]] as the national language. The film uses archival footage of actual anti-Hindi protests to depict the subsequent demonstrations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Memories of a Spark: Reconstructing the 1965 riots in Madurai against the imposition of Hindi – Subversions |url=http://subversions.tiss.edu/vol2-issue1/sriram/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612073414/http://subversions.tiss.edu/vol2-issue1/sriram/ |archive-date=2019-06-12 |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=subversions.tiss.edu |language=en-US}}</ref>

The film ''[[Indru Poi Naalai Vaa]]'' (1981) is famous for a comic scene in which one of the protagonists - Rajendran ([[G. Ramli|G Ramli]]) - attends a home tuition by IC Govindasamy ([[John Amirtharaj]]).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-15 |title=Going to school with kollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Going-to-school-with-kollywood/articleshow/22289802.cms |access-date=2025-08-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In this scene, Govindasamy wants Rajendran to repeat a Hindi sentence "Ek gaon mein ek kisan rehta tha" ({{Translation|“There was a farmer who lived in a village”}}). But however much he tries, Rajendran can only finish the sentence as "...raghu thatha" ({{Translation|“Grandpa Raghu”}} ; 'thatha' in Tamil means "grandpa") instead of "rehta tha" ({{Translation|“lived”}}). About this scene, filmmaker [[K. Bhagyaraj]] said, "When I wrote that character..., I thought it would be a comedy that would strike a chord with the people. Because even when I was studying, there were all these protests against Hindi imposition. So, Hindi as a language is always looked at from a different perspective."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=2019-09-17 |title='Ek gaon mein ek kisan raghu thatha': Bhagyaraj on why he wrote the Hindi-fail scene |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/ek-gaon-mein-ek-kisan-raghu-thatha-bhagyaraj-why-he-wrote-hindi-fail-scene-109030 |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

The film ''[[Uzhaippali]]'' (1993) features a comic scene in which the protagonist Tamilarasan alias Tamilazhagan ([[Rajinikanth]]), dressed up as the deity [[Shiva]], is pursued by the police. He gets a lift from a scooter rider. When the scooter is about to enter a road marked 'No Entry', Tamilarasan shouts "Aise mat jao!" ({{Translation|“Don't go like that!”}}) to the rider. The latter replies "Is [[Bhagavan]] supposed to speak Hindi?...If [one] speaks [it] in this town, [people] will smear [it/you] with tar".<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfbkxpd43X0 |title=SUPER STAR RAJINIKANTH COMEDY COLLECTIONS {{!}} GOUNDAMANI {{!}} UZHAIPPALI MOVIE |date=2019-10-04 |last=Grease Dappa |access-date=2025-08-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> His warning is an allusion to instances during the agitations where Hindi signs were blackened out with tar.

The [[Biographical film|biopic]] film [[Kamaraj (film)|''Kamaraj'']] (2004) features scenes of the 1965 agitation, with a voiceover supposed to be Annadurai's, explaining his opposition to Hindi imperialism. This scene occurs after the resignation of Kamaraj (played by [[Richard Madhuram]]) as Chief Minister of Madras State and the succession of Bhaktavatsalam.

The film ''[[Raghu Thatha]]'' (2024) has anti-Hindi imposition as a theme. Its title is inspired by the scene from ''Indru Poi Naalai Vaa.'' Also, it features a song "Ek Gaon Mein", inspired by the famous phrase from the earlier film.

The film [[Parasakthi (2026 film)|''Parasakthi'']] (2026) follows two brothers participating in the 1965 agitation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Srijony |date=11 March 2025 |title=Watch: Sivakarthikeyan greets fans in Sri Lanka as he shoots for Sudha Kongara's Parasakthi |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/watch-sivakarthikeyan-greets-fans-in-sri-lanka-as-he-shoots-for-sudha-kongaras-parasakthi-1376880 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311105500/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/watch-sivakarthikeyan-greets-fans-in-sri-lanka-as-he-shoots-for-sudha-kongaras-parasakthi-1376880 |archive-date=11 March 2025 |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2025 |title='Parasakthi' story leaked! This Sudha Kongara directorial is a biopic from Sivakarthikeyan after 'Amaran' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/parasakthi-story-leaked-this-sudha-kongara-directorial-is-a-biopic-from-sivakarthikeyan-after-amaran/articleshow/117882726.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221080846/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/parasakthi-story-leaked-this-sudha-kongara-directorial-is-a-biopic-from-sivakarthikeyan-after-amaran/articleshow/117882726.cms |archive-date=21 February 2025 |access-date=19 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=2 February 2025 |title=Parasakthi plot revealed: Sivakarthikeyan and Sudha Kongara's period drama is all about... |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/parasakthi-plot-revealed-sivakarthikeyan-and-sudha-kongaras-period-drama-is-all-about/49fce22feb571 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320130455/https://www.ottplay.com/news/parasakthi-plot-revealed-sivakarthikeyan-and-sudha-kongaras-period-drama-is-all-about/49fce22feb571 |archive-date=20 March 2025 |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=12 March 2025 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Parasakthi pics confirm that film is against Hindi imposition |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sivakarthikeyan-parasakthi-bts-stills-fsudha-konagra-film-is-against-hindi-imposition-2692465-2025-03-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316041057/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sivakarthikeyan-parasakthi-bts-stills-fsudha-konagra-film-is-against-hindi-imposition-2692465-2025-03-12 |archive-date=16 March 2025 |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Languages}}
*[[Linguistic imperialism]]
*[[Hindi–Urdu controversy]]
*[[Bengali language movement]]
*[[Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)]]
*[[Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)]]
*[[International Mother Language Day]]
*[[Hindi imposition in India]]
*[[Mayiladuthurai Sarangapani]]
{{Clear}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | first=Ramachandra| last=Guha| author-link=Ramachandra Guha | year= 2008| title= India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy| publisher=[[Harper Perennial]]| isbn=978-0-06-095858-9| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EcSoIAAACAAJ|oclc=76961156}}
*{{cite book| title=Tamil Revivalism in the 1930s| last=Irschick| first=Eugene F.| year=1986| oclc=15015416| publisher=Cre-A| url=http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Irschick/Tamil.pdf| location=Madras| access-date=26 March 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610180818/http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Irschick/Tamil.pdf| archive-date=10 June 2010| url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book | first1=W. B. Vasantha| last1=Kandasamy | first2=Florentin| last2=Smarandache| author-link2=Florentin Smarandache| year=2005| title=Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability | publisher=American Research Press| isbn=978-1-931233-00-2| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgb-MKcsSR0C|oclc=125408444}}
*{{cite book | title=Anna: The Life and Times of C. N. Annadurai |last=Kannan|first=R.| year=2010|isbn=978-0-670-08328-2| publisher=[[Penguin Books]]}}
*{{cite book | first=J.B.P| last=More| year=1997| title=Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamil Nadu and Madras 1930–1947 | publisher=[[Orient Longman|Orient Blackswan]]| isbn=978-81-250-1192-7| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDht7OyOjXMC|oclc=37770527}}
* {{cite book |first=Sumathy|last=Ramaswamy|year=1997|title= Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-20805-6|oclc=36084635|url=http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft5199n9v7;brand=ucpress }}
*{{cite book|last=Ravichandran|first=R|author2=C. A. Perumal|title=Dravidar Kazhagam – a Political Study|location=Madras|chapter=5|chapter-url=http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/4724/6/MAU-1982-082-5.pdf|access-date=17 February 2010|publisher=[[Madras University]]|year=1982|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181844/http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/4724/6/MAU-1982-082-5.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250305045433/https://tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/book/TVA_BOK_0008629_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81.pdf இந்தி எதிர்ப்பு வரலாறு - புலவர் த. அழகரசன்]
* [https://www.hindutamil.in/news/others/29228-.html உலக வரலாற்றில் ஒரு மொழிப் போர்]
* [https://www.hindutamil.in/news/opinion/columns/30296-.html ஏன் மொழிப் போராளிகளை நாம் நினைவுகூர வேண்டும்?]
* [[Kanchan Chandra]], [http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/faculty/chandra/ps2001.pdf "Ethnic Bargains, Group Instability, and Social Choice Theory"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204106/http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/faculty/chandra/ps2001.pdf Archive]). ''[[Politics and Society]]'' 29, 3: 337–62. (For the national language debate in Indian Constituent Assembly)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090714230342/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839158,00.html "India: Bureaucracy by Doublespeak"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. 29 January 1965. Editorial on the 1965 agitation.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101001014154/http://www.tamiltribune.com/04/0101-anti-hindi-self-immolations.html Self Immolation Against Hindi Imposition in Tamil Nadu (1965)]
*https://www.scribd.com/collections/2334276/The-Struggle-For-English-1963-68-in-India
*{{Cite web|url=http://keetru.com/index.php/2009-10-07-10-47-41/thamil-desam-thamilar-kannotam-feb-1-2015/28412-1965|title=1965 ஆம் ஆண்டும் மொழிப்போரும் பெரியாரின் எதிர்ப்பும்|trans-title=Year 1965, Language struggles and Opposition by Periyar|language=ta|website=keetru.com|author=Kadhir Nilavan|date=27 April 2015|access-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014005325/http://keetru.com/index.php/2009-10-07-10-47-41/thamil-desam-thamilar-kannotam-feb-1-2015/28412-1965|archive-date=14 October 2017}}
*[http://oldgrt.lbp.world/UploadedData/8155.pdf THE INTRODUCTION OF HINDI AND GROWTH OF TAMIL NATIONALISM IN TAMIL NADU]
*[https://ia904500.us.archive.org/5/items/hindi-imposition-papers-volume-3-history-of-anti-hindi-imposition-agitations-in-tamil-nadu/Hindi%20Imposition%20Papers%20%28Volume%203%29%20History%20of%20Anti-Hindi%20Imposition%20Agitations%20in%20Tamil%20Nadu.pdf HINDI IMPOSITION PAPERS Volume 3 History of Anti-Hindi Imposition Agitations in Tamil Nadu (2019) by Thanjai Nalankilli]
*[https://www.bbc.com/tamil/articles/c3g0er7z05lo தமிழுக்காக குழந்தைகளுடன் சிறை புகுந்த 73 பெண்கள் - அறியப்படாத முதல் மொழிப்போர் வரலாறு]
*[https://www.bbc.com/tamil/articles/cpv4yp1n7yjo தமிழ்நாட்டில் இருமொழிக் கொள்கை அமலான வரலாறு - சட்டமன்றத்தில் அண்ணா பேசியது என்ன?]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDLmsYSUioc Hindi Row : ராஜாஜி தொடங்கி மோடி வரை - இந்தி திணிப்பு எதிர்ப்பு வரலாறு Explained | English subtitles] - [[:ta:பிபிசி|பிபிசி]]
*[https://www.bbc.com/tamil/articles/cg4krv7qw4yo தமிழ்நாடு போல, இந்தியாவில் வேறு எங்கெல்லாம் மொழி காக்கும் போராட்டம் நடந்துள்ளது தெரியுமா?] - [[:ta:பிபிசி|பிபிசி]]
{{Portal bar|India|Tamils}}{{Hindi topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anti-Hindi Agitations of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Dravidian movement]]
[[Category:Hindi]]
[[Category:Language conflict in India]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:Social history of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Political history of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Medium of instruction]]

Saakshyam

2026-03-12T20:06:51Z

Bruce06828: further expanded structure for clarity and improved wording based on references

{{copy edit|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saakshyam
| image = Saakshyam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sriwass]]
| producer = Abhishek Nama
| writer = Sriwass
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Sai Madhav Burra]]
}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]|[[Pooja Hegde]]|[[Jagapathi Babu]]}}
| music = [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]
| cinematography = [[Arthur A. Wilson]]
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = [[Abhishek Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]] Red Heart Movies
| released = {{Film date|2018|07|27|df=y|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/saakshyam.html|title=Saakshyam (2018) | Saakshyam Movie | Saakshyam Telugu Movie Cast & Crew, Release Date, Review, Photos, Videos|website=FilmiBeat|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021957/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/saakshyam.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 164 minutes
| country = India
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|22.7 [[crore]]}}<ref name="BO">{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/2018s-tollywood-movies-box-office-collection-list-highest-grossing-telugu-films-year-780150|title=Tollywood box office report of 2018: highest grossing Telugu movies of year; List of hits and flops|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=23 November 2018|access-date=8 June 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920215058/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/2018s-tollywood-movies-box-office-collection-list-highest-grossing-telugu-films-year-780150|url-status=live}}</ref>
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Saakshyam''''' ({{translation|Witness}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[fantasy]] [[action film]] written and directed by [[Sriwass]], and produced by [[Abhishek Pictures]]. The film stars [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]], [[Pooja Hegde]] and [[Jagapathi Babu]]. The plot depicts Viswa ([[Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas|Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]), a wealthy [[Indian diaspora|NRI]], who falls in love with Soundarya Lahari ([[Pooja Hegde]]) and follows her to India but gets tangled up in issues involving her family. Over time, he realizes that nature itself has guided him back to his homeland to fulfill a greater mission.

The film was officially launched in May 2017. [[Principal photography]] began in July 2017 at a set at [[Ramoji Film City]], Hyderabad, with filming taking place in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Varanasi]], [[Karnataka]], [[Dubai]], [[New York City]], [[Grand Canyon]] and [[New Jersey]]. Its music is scored by [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]], with cinematography by [[Arthur A. Wilson]], production design by A. S. Prakash and editing by [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]].

''Saakshyam'' was an overall success at the box office<ref name="success">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2018 |title=Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas to come together with filmmaker Ramesh Varma for their next? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bellamkonda-sai-sreenivas-to-come-together-with-filmmaker-ramesh-varma-for-their-next/articleshow/66343875.cms |work=The Times of India |via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>, with a theatrical release on 27 July 2018. It received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the [[VFX]], dialogue, direction, lead casts performances, concept, music, background score and action sequences, while criticism was directed towards the screenplay.

== Plot ==
A mob attempts to seize a cow and her calf, and several people try to pursue them. Meanwhile, at Raju Garu’s home, the family is assembled for his son’s naming ceremony. Suddenly, the same people from the mob arrive and reveal that Munuswamy’s brothers have abducted the mother cow—one that belonged to the temple—along with many others. Incensed, Raju Garu confronts Munuswamy’s brother, rescues the cattle, and returns them home.

The news of his brothers' humiliation reaches Munuswamy, and he and his three brothers go to Raju Garu's house, where the celebration is going on. They brutally kill every member of the family, except for Raju Garu's wife, who is injured. Raju Garu manages to distract the brothers while his wife runs away with the child, but she becomes weak and is unable to continue due to her deep injury. Just then, the calf whose mother was saved by Raju Garu comes and stands in front of his wife. She takes this as a sign, wraps the child in a shawl, and ties him onto the calf. Munuswamy and his brothers come just in time to see the calf running away, and a chase ensues. The injured calf manages to evade the villains and land the baby on a truck carrying soil. The villains see the child falling down the cliff and believe him to be dead. In order to conceal their crime, they set fire to the cowshed, because of the belief that even animals can become a witness to their sins.

The story then goes into a narration where the narrator explains that even though Munuswamy is happy that he has destroyed every witness to his crime, he has forgotten that the five elements of nature that are present everywhere have witnessed his crimes and will surely do justice for his atrocities.

Meanwhile, the child is carried to a soil mine, where the truck dumps him along with the soil. A Hindu saint sees the child, takes him to Kasi, and leaves him in a temple. A childless couple, Siva Prasad and his wife, are there to pray for a child and are overwhelmed to see him. The temple priest names him Viswaagna because it is nature's order for them to raise the child. Later, the couple leaves for the United States with the child.

20 years later, Siva Prasad and his wife are shown to be celebrating the success of their company. A reporter asks about their son Viswa, who would be taking over the multi-billion dollar empire, but Siva Prasad states that Viswa is not interested in taking over the business as he is interested in developing games. Viswa and his friends are introduced. They are in the process of developing a new video game, which they are sending in to a company to be released.

Unfortunately, their game is rejected due to a lack of culture. Viswa and his friend run into a girl named Soundarya Lahari, a Hindu spiritual preacher who came to the US to preach on Indian mythology. Viswa is instantly smitten, so he and his friend follow her to get her help in adding cultural elements to their game. However, Soundarya is offended by their offer of money and says flatly that culture is not something to be sold. Viswa and his friend help Soundarya's sister and brother-in-law secure jobs using his influence, which leads to Soundarya reluctantly agreeing to help Viswa.

She introduces the group to Valmiki, her childhood friend and an IT professional who has an interest in Indian mythology. He helps by giving them a unique idea for a game which resembles Viswa's life story, about a boy whose entire family was killed by villains and the five elements of nature taking revenge on the villains through the boy. Viswa is impressed by Valmiki's idea and hires him to develop the game.

Soundarya simultaneously leaves for India to see her father Tagore, who is bedridden because of Munuswamy's gang after fighting against them in court. Viswa follows her to India and starts developing the video game there.

Meanwhile, Munuswamy is ordered to kill Soundarya as a warning to Tagore. Later, in multiple scenarios, Soundarya is saved by Viswa from Veeraswamy, Munuswamy's first brother. Viswa eventually kills Veeraswamy by using the elements of air and earth, and is shocked to discover that the events of his video game are playing out in real life. When he goes to Kashi, to give salutations from his mother's side to Kashi Vishwanath temple, he accidentally meets the second brother of Munuswamy, who he kills using the element of fire. Viswa tries his best to stop it, but fails. Meanwhile, Munuswamy is on the search for his brothers' killer.

Soundarya begins to reciprocate Viswa's love because of his efforts to save her from Munuswamy's brother and agrees to marry him. Meanwhile, Valmiki designs the full game and comes back to India and meets his grandfather who is practicing Vedic astrology and was both looking for the bad omens of Munuswamy and his brothers and fixing the marriage dates of Vishwa and Soundarya.

After hearing Valmiki's game concept, Valmiki's grandfather understands that this is vengeance against Munuswamy and his brothers by Mother Nature because of their sins against Viswa's biological family. He remembers that in front of young Valmiki, a younger Munuswamy and his brothers criticized the astrologer and denies God to live on their own terms. He reveals to Valmiki that this screenplay was written by Mother Nature through him. She witnessed all the incidents and selected him to design the situation they are in, and it cannot be stopped by anyone.

Meanwhile, Viswa's business rival, Shakti, joins hands with Munuswamy to take over his major stakes in India and abducts Viswa, threatening him to give them the shares documents. Viswa comes to a deal with them and all the elements take revenge on Shakti and Munuswamy's gang through Viswa as witnessed by the Sky.

== Cast ==
* [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] as Viswaagna "Viswa", Raju Garu 's son; a video game developer and designer, Soundarya's husband
* [[Pooja Hegde]] as Soundarya Lahari, a woman who preaches Hinduism, Viswa's wife
* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as Munuswamy, the main antagonist, who kills Viswa's biological family
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as Veeraswamy, Munuswamy's first brother
* [[Ashutosh Rana]] as Munuswamy's second brother
* [[Madhu Guruswamy]] as Munuswamy's third brother
* [[Kabir Duhan Singh]] as Viswa's business rival
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Siva Prasad, Viswa's adopted father
* [[Pavithra Lokesh]] as Viswa's adopted mother
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Viswa's friend
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Tagore, Soundarya's father
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Defense Lawyer
* [[Sameer Hasan|Sameer]] as Raju Garu's brother
* [[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]] as Soundarya's sister
* [[Brahmaji]] as Soundarya's brother-in-law
* [[Krishna Bhagavaan]] as Soundarya's paternal uncle
* [[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Soundarya's aunt
* [[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapoorna]] as Soundarya's grandmother
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Siva Prasad's assistant
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]] as Munuswamy's aide
* [[Y. Kasi Viswanath|Kasi Vishwanath]] as Advocate Murthy
* [[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Hindu Saint
* [[Ananth Babu]] as Priest

'''Extended [[cameo appearance]]'''
* [[Ananta Sriram]] as Valmiki, a game designer

'''Cameo appearances'''
* [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarath Kumar]] as Raju Garu, Viswa's biological father, who is murdered by Munuswamy and his brothers
* [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Viswa's biological mother, who is murdered by Munuswamy and his brothers
* Sri Pusapati as Sri, a Cognos developer

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In February 2017, it was reported that [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] would collaborate with director [[Sriwass]] for his next project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/young-heros-next-with-sriwass.html|title=Young hero's next with Sriwass | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=16 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/160217/sriwass-to-direct-bellamkonda-srinivas.html|title=Sriwass to direct Bellamkonda Srinivas|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=16 February 2017|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Director Sriwass narrated the script to Bellamkonda Sreenivas a couple of months before the release of ''[[Jaya Janaki Nayaka]]'' (2017). In the first narration itself, Sreenivas liked it and said okay to the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/interviews/sai-srinivas-saakshyam-will-give-the-best-cinematic-experience-to-audience.html|title=Sai Srinivas - Saakshyam will give the best cinematic experience to audience|date=23 July 2018}}</ref> Writer [[Sai Madhav Burra]] was signed for the dialogues for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/saakshyam-teaser-to-be-unveiled-on-april-18-telugu-news-211781|title='Saakshyam' teaser to be unveiled on April 18 - Telugu News|date=17 April 2018|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> The film was produced by Abhishek Nama under his banner [[Abhishek Pictures]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/bellamkonda-sai-pooja-hegdes-saakshyam-gets-a-new-release-date.html|title=Bellamkonda Sai, Pooja Hegde's Saakshyam gets a new release date | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=18 February 2018}}</ref>

"This is going to be my sixth film. Its story and script is going to be completely different from my previous films. It is written keeping the changing trends in mind, and to suit all sections". ''(Sriwass on the story)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/sriwass-to-team-up-with-bellamkonda-sreenivas-for-mega-project/articleshow/58774581.cms|title=Sriwass to team up with Bellamkonda Sreenivas for mega project|work=The Times of India |date=21 May 2017|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

The film's launch event with a ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' ceremony was held on 21 May 2017 at [[Ramanaidu Studios]], which saw the attendance of noted personalities from the [[Telugu film industry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sriwass-bellamkonda-movie-launched-telugu-news-185910|title=Sriwass-Bellamkonda movie launched - Telugu News|date=22 May 2017|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/young-heros-next-in-sriwass-direction-announced.html|title=Young hero's next in Sriwass' direction announced | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=21 May 2017}}</ref> Director Sriwass' daughter Vedaswa handed over the script while [[Raghava Lawrence]] switched on the camera. Director [[V. V. Vinayak]] sounded the clapboard while director [[Boyapati Srinu]] took the [[Muhurat shot|first shot]] on Sreenivas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/muhurat-bellamkondasrinivas-srivass.html|title=Bellamkonda Srinivas and Srivass combination film launch - idlebrain.com news|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

Sreenivas said "Once I greenlighted ''Saakshyam'', I didn't accept any other project. Since the movie has significant action sequences, I wanted to give my best. I went to Dubai to get physically trained".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/saakshyam-is-unique-grand-bellamkonda-srinivas-telugu-news-217885|title='Saakshyam' is unique, grand: Bellamkonda Srinivas - Telugu News|date=24 July 2018|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> A. S. Prakash served as the [[production designer]] for ''Saakshyam''. Prior to starting the first shooting schedule, the team constructed a set at [[Ramoji Film City]] in Hyderabad, for filming an action sequence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/bellamkonda-sais-next-to-on-floors-soon.html|title=Bellamkonda Sai's next to on floors soon | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=8 June 2017}}</ref>

In May 2017, [[Devi Sri Prasad]] was reported as composing the music for the film,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220517/new-beginnings.html|title=New beginnings|first=Pranita|last=Jonnalagedda|date=22 May 2017|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> but [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]] was signed as the music director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/unique-musical-treat-in-saakshyam.html|title=Unique musical treat in Saakshyam | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=30 May 2018}}</ref> Other technicians includes cinematographer [[Arthur A. Wilson]], editor [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]], production designer A. S. Prakash, stunt director [[Peter Hein]], and costume designers Nischay Niyogi and Neeta Lulla, and dance choreographers [[Shobi Paulraj]], Raghu, and Bhanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/the-first-look-of-saakshyam-unveiled/articleshow/62930413.cms|title='సాక్ష్యం' ఫస్ట్ లుక్: డీజే భామతో డీప్ రొమాన్స్!|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref>

=== Themes ===
According to Bellamkonda Sreenivas, the story revolves around [[Classical element|five elements]] ([[Pancha Bhuta|Panchamahabhuta]]) – [[Earth (classical element)|Earth]], [[Water (classical element)|Water]], [[Air (classical element)|Air]], [[Fire (classical element)|Fire]] and [[Aether (classical element)|Aether]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/021117/saakshyam-based-on-natures-5-elements.html|title=Saakshyam based on nature's 5 elements!|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=2 November 2017|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

About the theme, director Sriwass said "I was inspired by life. It has always been my aim to make movies in different genres and all my films have been like that so far. ''Saakshyam'', however, is a multi-genre film which will explore five different themes with drastically different backdrops."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-is-my-dream-come-true-on-celluloid-i-take-full-onus-for-it-sriwass/articleshow/65164481.cms|title=Saakshyam is my dream come true on celluloid; I take full onus for it: Sriwass|work=The Times of India |date=28 July 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

"There's been a lot of talk about Saakshyam being a horror thriller. That's not true. There are no supernatural elements as such — let's just say, the story incorporates five elements of nature that we all experience in our everyday life, into its screenplay", Sreenivas on the story of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-unveiled-a-side-of-me-that-i-didnt-know-existed-bellamkonda-sai-sreenivas/articleshow/65150964.cms|title=Saakshyam unveiled a side of me that I didn't know existed: Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas|work=The Times of India |date=27 July 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Bellamkonda Sreenivas plays video game developer and designer in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/030118/i-take-everything-in-my-stride-bellamkonda-sreenivas.html|title=I take everything in my stride: Bellamkonda Sreenivas|first=Pranita|last=Jonnalagedda|date=3 January 2018|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Sreenivas trained in [[BMX racing]], [[flyboard]]ing and [[jet ski]]ing for his character in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/Apr/09/saakshyam-release-postponed-5452.html|title=Saakshyam release postponed|first=C. E.|last=Features|date=9 April 2018|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> In June 2017, [[Pooja Hegde]] was confirmed to play the female lead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/Jun/28/pooja-hegde-roped-in-for-bellamkonda-srinivas-film-817.html|title=Pooja Hegde roped in for Bellamkonda Srinivas film|first=Express|last=Features|date=28 June 2017|website=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.telugucinema.com/news/pooja-hegde-signs-bellamkonda-movie|title=Pooja Hegde signs Bellamkonda movie|date=28 June 2017|website=telugucinema.com}}</ref> Hegde portraits a middle class [[Brahmin]] girl from a traditional and conservative family. The makers were confident that she would do full justice to the role. It was reported that her outfits in the film were going to be the highlight of the film. Neeta Lulla designed her costumes in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tollywood.net/souths-hottest-spicy-girl-turns-brahmin-for-bellamkonda-sreenivas/|title=South's hottest spicy girl turns Brahmin for Bellamkonda Sreenivas|first=Tollywood|last=Desk|date=24 February 2018|website=Tollywood}}</ref> About playing a spiritual leader in the film, Hegde said "I have always focused on the character than my look."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pooja-hegde-on-playing-spiritual-leader-in-saakshyam-ive-always-focused-on-character-than-my-look-4831761.html|title=Pooja Hegde on playing spiritual leader in Saakshyam: I've always focused on character than my look|date=27 July 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

[[Jagapathi Babu]] was signed in to play main antagonist role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/jagapathi-babu-feared-he-would-lose-all-his-female-fans-after-saakshyam.html|title=Jagapathi Babu feared he would lose all his female fans after Saakshyam|date=29 July 2018}}</ref> [[Ravi Kishan]], [[Ashutosh Rana]], [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarath Kumar]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Pavitra Lokesh]], [[Brahmaji]], [[Madhu Guruswamy]], and [[Vennela Kishore]] were also roped in to play important roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/240817/pooja-hegde-joins-bellamkonda.html|title=Pooja Hegde joins Bellamkonda!|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=24 August 2017|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/saakshyam-official-teaser-released/articleshow/63813609.cms|title='సాక్ష్యం' టీజర్: హిట్టుకొట్టేలానే ఉంది!|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[File:Canyon River Tree (165872763).jpeg|thumb|250x250px|[[Grand Canyon]], where parts of the film were shot|left]]

[[Principal photography]] of the film commenced on 12 June 2017 in Hyderabad at a specially erected set at [[Ramoji Film City]] in the location.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-06-14/Bellamkonda-Sreenivas-Sriwass-team-up/306323|title=Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Sriwass team up|first=The Hans|last=India|date=14 June 2017|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/abhishek-pictures-to-produce-bellamkondas-next.html|title=Abhishek Pictures to produce Bellamkonda's next | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=9 June 2017}}</ref> The 10-day schedule was concluded in late 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmyfocus.com/pooja-hegde-roped-bellamkonda-srinivas-film|title=Pooja Hegde Roped in for Bellamkonda Srinivas film ! - Filmy Focus|date=28 June 2017}}</ref> The second schedule of the film was filmed in July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/poojahegde-in-bsreenivas-sriwass-film.html|title=Pooja Hegde Heroine In Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Sriwass, Abhishek Pictures Production No 4 - idlebrain.com news|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> In August 2017, a lavish set was constructed at [[Pollachi]], [[Tamil Nadu]] designed by A. S. Prakash to shoot third schedule at a Pollachi village.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/bellamkonda-sreenivas-next-to-be-shot-in-pollachi.html|title=Bellamkonda Sreenivas' next to be shot in Pollachi | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ragalahari.com/tollywood-news-2017-september/135035/high-octane-stunts-of-bellamkonda-sai-sreenivas-in-pollachi|title=Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivass High-Octane Stunts In Pollachi|date=13 September 2017|website=www.ragalahari.com}}</ref> A high-octane interval episode featuring Srinivas, Hegde was shot in this schedule, which ended on 12 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idlebrain.com/news/today/bsaisrinvias-sriwassfilm-in-pollachi.html|title=Bellamkonda Sai Srinivas - Sriwass film shooting in Pollachi - idlebrain.com news|website=idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugu360.com/bellamkonda-srinivas-pooja-hegde-film-progress/|title=Bellamkonda Srinivas, Pooja Hegde film progress|date=24 August 2017}}</ref> With this forty percentage of the film shoot was over.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sriwass-bellamkonda-shooting-in-pollachi-malayalam-news-194447|title=Sriwass-Bellamkonda shooting in Pollachi - Malayalam News|date=30 August 2017|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

The filming resumed at [[Varanasi]] on 21 September 2017, where the team shot action sequences. Few scenes were also shot at [[Tulsi Ghat]], Varanasi and at the temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220917/sai-srinivas-bellamkondas-varanasi-action.html|title=Sai Srinivas Bellamkonda's Varanasi action|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=22 September 2017|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Varanasi schedule was wrapped on 3 October.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitramala.in/bellamkonda-sreenivass-film-wraps-varanasi-schedule-253023.html|title=Bellamkonda Sreenivas's film wraps up Varanasi schedule|date=3 October 2017|website=Chitramala}}</ref> A 15-day schedule was begun on mid October 2017 at [[Hampi]] and [[Hospet]], [[Karnataka]], where the team shot action sequences choreographed by Peter Hein.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugu360.com/bellamkonda-sakshyam-locks-february/|title=Bellamkonda's next shooting in Hampi|date=2 November 2017}}</ref> On 6 November 2017, the schedule was wrapped at Hospet near [[Bellary]], Karnataka featuring Srinivas, Hegde and 200 other artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/bellamkonda-sais-saakshyam-wraps-up-an-adventurous-schedule.html|title=Bellamkonda Sai's Saakshyam wraps up an adventurous schedule | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=6 November 2017}}</ref>

In December 2017, the production moved to [[Dubai]] to shoot introductory song and few crucial scenes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/update-on-bellamkonda-sais-saakshyam.html|title=Update on Bellamkonda Sai's Saakshyam | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=17 December 2017}}</ref> Some scenes featuring [[Pooja Hegde]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Pavithra Lokesh]] and [[Vennela Kishore]] was shot in this schedule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ragalahari.com/tollywood-news-2017-december/155688/bellamkonda-sreenivas-pooja-hegde-sakshyam-progressing-in-dubai|title=Bellamkonda Sreenivass Sakshyam headed for Dubai|date=17 December 2017|website=www.ragalahari.com}}</ref> In early January 2018, Srinivas revealed that "seventy-five percent of the film's shoot is done. Except for three songs and climax episode, entire shoot part is completed. We are planning to kick-start the climax shoot from this month end and have later planned a New York schedule to shoot three songs."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/interviews/interview-bellamkonda-srinivas-my-dads-goodwill-is-helping-me-big-time.html|title=Interview : Bellamkonda Srinivas – My dad's goodwill is helping me big time | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=2 January 2018}}</ref>

The filming of the [[Climax (narrative)|climax]] scenes began in February 2018. Action director Peter Hein choreographed few climax sequences that took place on a huge set in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/Feb/14/saakshyam-first-look-unveiled-4551.html|title=Saakshyam first look unveiled|first=Murali Krishna|last=CH|date=14 February 2018|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

Final schedule of the film was shot at [[USA]], with Sreenivas, Pooja Hegde and Vennela Kishore in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugu360.com/saakshyam-shoot-progressing-usa/|title=Saakshyam shoot progressing in USA|date=9 April 2018}}</ref> The 15-day USA schedule was done at locations [[New York City]], the [[Grand Canyon]] and [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idlebrain.com/news/today/saakshyambringshotinexoticlocationsintheusa.html|title=Saakshyam bring shot in exotic locations in the USA - lebrain.com news|website=idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/100418/saakshyam-will-be-a-visual-feast.html|title=Saakshyam will be a visual feast'|first=D. C.|last=Correspondent|date=10 April 2018|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
"We are going to explore some exotic locales in US which haven't been shown before in Telugu films. It is going to be a visual feast"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/saakshyam-team-to-explore-exotic-locales-in-us.html|title=Saakshyam Team To Explore Exotic Locales In US | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=10 April 2018}}</ref> A song featuring and Hegde shot in this schedule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/sai-pooja-hegde-shoot-saakshyam-in-exotic-us-locales.html|title=Sai, Pooja Hegde shoot Saakshyam in exotic US locales | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=9 April 2018}}</ref> In late April 2018, a 15 minutes dance sequence featuring Sreenivas and Hegde was shot on a busy street at [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/sakshyam-in-song-shoot-mode.html|title=Saakshyam in song shoot mode | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=22 April 2018}}</ref> Hegde practised for hours to get her moves right.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/pooja-hegde-dance-in-saakshyam-in-15-minutes-1217711-2018-04-22|title=Whoa! Pooja Hegde perfects a dance sequence in just 15 minutes|date=22 April 2018|website=India Today}}</ref> Principal photography wrapped by late-April 2018, with filming having lasted 160 working days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/240718/many-are-openly-jealous-of-me.html|title=Many are openly jealous of me'|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=24 July 2018|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

"We couldn't have shot in Hyderabad what should be shot in Kaasi. I can't cheat the audience. The media started talking about the making values right after the teaser was out", Abhishek Nama on making of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/saakshyam-is-a-content-driven-film-abhishek-nama-hollywood-news-217835|title='Saakshyam' is a content-driven film: Abhishek Nama - Hollywood News|date=23 July 2018|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

=== Post-production ===
[[Post-production]] of the film began simultaneously with the wrapping-up and continuation of film production.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tollywood.net/bellamkonda-sai-srinivass-saakshyam-teaser-to-be-out-on-18th-april/|title=Bellamkonda Sai Srinivas's Saakshyam teaser to be out on 18th April|first=Tollywood|last=Desk|date=17 April 2018|website=Tollywood}}</ref> Pete Draper and Alan Badger Brayshaw served as the [[visual effects supervisor]] of the film, along with [[Makuta VFX]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/real-reason-behind-saakshyam-postponement-telugu-news-214541|title=Real reason behind 'Saakshyam' postponement - Telugu News|date=28 May 2018|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> Pixelloid, Work Flow Studios, Knack Studios and the [[Prasad Studios|EFX]], the film's principal visual effects studio. Over 400 technically skilled artists worked for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/May/29/saakshyam-gets-a-release-date-6229.html|title=Saakshyam gets a release date|first=C. E.|last=Features|date=29 May 2018|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> Extensive [[visual effects]] work took place several months during the post-production process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-05-28/Baahubali-team-works-for-Saakshyam/384706|title=Baahubali team works for Saakshyam|date=28 May 2018|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ragalahari.com/tollywood-news-2018-may/156809/saakshyam-trying-to-get-the-best-vfx|title=Saakshyam trying to get the best VFX|date=28 May 2018|website=www.ragalahari.com}}</ref> Hari Haran and Sachin Sudhakaran worked on [[sound design]] and IGENE handled [[digital intermediate]]. Ranga did the [[color grading|colouring]] for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinejosh.com/news/3/62189/saakshyam-shows-cancelled.html|title=Saakshyam Shows Cancelled!|first=RamBabu|last=Parvathaneni|date=27 July 2018|website=cinejosh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ragalahari.com/movies/info/64752/saakshyam-cast-crew.aspx|title=Saakshyam (2018) | Cast & Crew | News | Galleries | Movie Posters | Watch Saakshyam Movie Online|website=www.ragalahari.com}}</ref>

The final copy of the film was ready by late July 2018, and was submitted to the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) that month.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-20/Saakshyam-audio-evokes-tremendous-response/399768|title='Saakshyam' audio evokes tremendous response|first=The Hans|last=India|date=20 July 2018|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref> According to the reports, the censor board was not willing to certify the film as they reportedly believed that many birds and animals were hurt during the shooting of the film. The producers clarified that no birds or animals were hurt during the making of the film and everything has been shot in [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-the-film-to-release-on-july-27-as-per-schedule/articleshow/65118121.cms|title='Saakshyam': The film to release on July 27 as per schedule|work=The Times of India |date=24 July 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/actor-bellamkonda-srinivas-slammed-pic-posing-elephant-s-tusk-89009|title=Actor Bellamkonda Srinivas slammed for pic posing on elephant's tusk|first=Digital|last=Native|date=26 September 2018|website=The News Minute}}</ref> Later, on 24 July 2018, the film received a [[U/A certificate]] from the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]], with a finalised runtime of 164 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/saakshyam-completes-censor-all-set-for-a-grand-july-27-release.html|title=Saakshyam completes censor, All set for a grand July 27 release|date=24 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-gets-u/a-certificate/articleshow/65130272.cms|title='Saakshyam' gets U/A certificate|work=The Times of India |date=25 July 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Saakshyam (soundtrack)}}

The soundtrack of this film is composed by [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]. All the lyrics are written by [[Ananta Sriram]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-20/Saakshyam-audio-evokes-tremendous-response/399768|title='Saakshyam' audio evokes tremendous response|first=The Hans|last=India|date=20 July 2018|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2024-05-09|archive-date=2022-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018114609/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-20/Saakshyam-audio-evokes-tremendous-response/399768|url-status=live}}</ref> The music released on [[Times Music|Junglee Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/saakshyam-junglee-music-acquires-the-music-rights-of-the-much-awaited-telugu-film/articleshow/65038612.cms|title='Saakshyam': Junglee Music acquires the music rights of the much-awaited Telugu film|work=The Times of India |date=18 July 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=9 May 2024|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408192410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/saakshyam-junglee-music-acquires-the-music-rights-of-the-much-awaited-telugu-film/articleshow/65038612.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The complete audio was released on 7 July 2018 in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyams-audio-launch-was-a-starry-affair/articleshow/64904822.cms|title=Saakshyam's audio launch was a starry affair|work=The Times of India |date=8 July 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=9 May 2024|archive-date=9 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509091616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyams-audio-launch-was-a-starry-affair/articleshow/64904822.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The soundtrack consists of the songs "Design Your Destiny", "Ishq Karle", "Soundarya Lahari", "Dung Dung Dung Dung", "Shivam Shivam", "Cheliya Choode", "Bhava Maaya", "Thatra Gandhavathi Pruthvi", "Om Agnirwa Apa", "Sapdha Gunakam" and "Gange Jayamu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/3626/saakshyam/songs|title=Saakshyam Telugu Movie - Music|website=www.moviecrow.com|access-date=2024-05-09|archive-date=2024-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509091627/https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/3626/saakshyam/songs|url-status=live}}</ref> The songs were trending on all [[FM station]]s and charts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-the-film-to-release-on-july-27-as-per-schedule/articleshow/65118121.cms|title='Saakshyam': The film to release on July 27 as per schedule|work=The Times of India |date=July 24, 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=May 9, 2024|archive-date=May 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509024552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-the-film-to-release-on-july-27-as-per-schedule/articleshow/65118121.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
[[File:Pooja Hegde at Saakshyam poster launch.jpg|thumb|Pooja Hegde at ''Saakshyam'' motion poster launch, in October 2017]]

The title logo of the film was revealed on 18 October 2017, through a forty five second [[Moster (motion movie poster)|motion poster]], coinciding [[Diwali]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/bellamkonda-sreenivas-sakshyam-movie-motion-poster-released/articleshow/61140779.cms|title=బెల్లంకొండ వారి 'సాక్ష్యం' ఇదిగో!|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref> The motion poster showcases the [[Classical element|five elements]] ([[Panchamahabhuta]]) – [[Earth (classical element)|Earth]], [[Water (classical element)|Water]], [[Air (classical element)|Air]], [[Fire (classical element)|Fire]] and [[Aether (classical element)|Aether]], inside a giant eye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/saakshyams-intriguing-motion-poster-raises-curiosity.html|title=Saakshyam's intriguing motion poster raises curiosity | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=18 October 2017}}</ref> The motion poster launch event was held on the same day in Hyderabad, with the film's cast and crew present at the event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/photos/movies/saakshyam-movie-motion-poster-launch-945041|title='సాక్ష్యం' మోషన్‌ పోస్టర్‌ లాంచ్‌ | Sakshi|website=www.sakshi.com}}</ref> The first look of the film featuring Srinivas and Hegde was released on 14 February 2018, coinciding [[Valentine's Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-first-look-of-saakshyam-unveiled/articleshow/62917843.cms|title=The first look of 'Saakshyam' unveiled|work=The Times of India |date=14 February 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> Later, on 18 April 2018 the film's official [[teaser trailer]] was released, which received good response.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-teaser-bellamkonda-sreenivas-starrer-proves-that-no-one-can-escape-from-hidden-karma/articleshow/63816947.cms|title='Saakshyam' teaser: Bellamkonda Sreenivas starrer proves that no one can escape from hidden karma|work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saakshyam-the-teaser-of-the-bellamkonda-sreenivas-starrer-receives-a-good-response/articleshow/63858625.cms|title='Saakshyam': The teaser of the Bellamkonda Sreenivas starrer receives a good response|work=The Times of India |date=21 April 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> The film's theatrical [[Trailer (promotion)|trailer]] was released at audio launch event on 7 July 2018 and later on social medias.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/saakshyam-trailer-out-release-date-finalized-kannada-news-216988|title='Saakshyam' trailer out, release date finalized - Kannada News|date=8 July 2018|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/saakshyams-trailer-gets-everyone-talking.html|title=Saakshyam's trailer gets everyone talking | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT|date=8 July 2018}}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Saakshyam'' was theatrically released on 27 July 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-26/Saakshyam-movie-Twitter-review/401366|title='Saakshyam' movie Twitter review|date=27 July 2018|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref> The film was released by [[Eros International]] globally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/saakshyam-censor-done-release-announced-telugu-news-217958|title='Saakshyam' censor done, release announced - Telugu News|date=25 July 2018|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/top-bollywood-distribution-house-acquires-saakshyams-worldwide-rights.html|title=Top Bollywood distribution house acquires Saakshyam's worldwide rights|date=21 July 2018}}</ref>
Red Heart Movies released the film in North America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/2018/05/21/saakshyam-overseas-rights-sold|title=Saakshyam Overseas Rights Sold|date=21 May 2018|website=Sakshi Post}}</ref> [[Dil Raju]] acquired the distribution rights of the film in Nizam ([[Telangana]]) region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/200518/dil-raju-picks-up-saakshyam.html|title=Dil Raju picks up Saakshyam|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=20 May 2018|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film's digital rights were acquired by [[ZEE5]] and [[Zee Network]] acquired the satellite rights of the Telugu version. The deal of satellite rights was reported to be {{INR Convert|13.5|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/the-satellite-rights-of-bellamkonda-sreenivas-and-pooja-hegdes-saakshyam-sold-for-rs-13-5-cr/articleshow/63126687.cms|title=The satellite rights of Bellamkonda Sreenivas and Pooja Hegde's 'Saakshyam' sold for Rs 13.5 Cr|work=The Times of India |date=1 March 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> The original Telugu-language version of the film was premiered on television on 23 September 2018 on [[Zee Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=ZEE TELUGU |user=ZeeTVTelugu |number=1043435988675117057 |title=1 day to go for #Saakshyam World Television Premier}}</ref> The film premiered on ZEE5 on 27 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=ZEE5 TELUGU |user=Zee5Telugu |number=1077102426610589696 |title=#Saakshyam సినిమా #WorldDigitalPremiere చూడండి డిసెంబర్ 27, 2018న! కేవలం #ZEE5లో!}}</ref>

The Hindi dubbed version titled ''Pralay: The Destroyer'' premiered on [[Zee Cinema]] on 15 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|author1=Team |url=https://businessnewsthisweek.com/entertainment/zee-cinema-presents-the-hindi-television-premiere-of-the-ultimate-action-entertainer-pralay-the-destroyer-on-15th-november/|title=Zee Cinema presents the Hindi Television Premiere of the ultimate action entertainer 'Pralay: The Destroyer' on 15th November|work=Business News This Week |date=16 November 2020}}</ref> The film was later telecasted on [[& Pictures]] on 18 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=AndPicturesIN |user=Zee5Telugu |number=1504452605162197000 |title=Watch the &Pictures Premiere of Pralay The Destroyer on Friday, 18th March at 7:30 PM only on &Pictures.}}</ref> The film was later dubbed and released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] in 2022.{{fact|date=March 2025}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
''Saakshyam'' received mixed reviews. Critics praised its [[VFX]], dialogue, direction, lead cast performances, concept, music, background score, and action sequences, but criticized the screenplay.

''[[123 Telugu]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote, "On the whole, ''Saakshyam'' is a regular action entertainer with an interesting theme. As long as the superb fights and mass elements take center stage, things look good. The mass audience will surely love the film as it has been packed with good episodes which will keep them entertained."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/saakshyam-telugu-movie-review.html|title=Saakshyam Telugu Movie Review|date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

Murali Krishna C H of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "Bellamkonda achieves believability with a graceful, restrained performance. Pooja Hegde gets more screen time in this film compared to her last outing DJ and she does a good job. Jagapati Babu makes a menacing Munuswamy and he is aided well by Ravi Kishan and Ashutosh Rana."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/Jul/27/saakshyam-movie-review-interesting-premise-marred-by-slipshod-narration-1849574.html|title='Saakshyam' movie review: Interesting premise marred by slipshod narration|first=Murali Krishna C.|last=H|date=28 July 2018|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

In his review, Krishna Sripada of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote "Sriwass' fantasy tale tells the story of how Vishwa, whose entire family was wiped out in a violent massacre, gets his revenge".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/sakshyam-review-supernatural-revenge-drama-tiring-watch-85541|title='Sakshyam' review: This supernatural revenge drama is a tiring watch|first=Krishna|last=Sripada|date=27 July 2018|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

Vyas of ''[[The Hans India]]'' reviewed the film and wrote "The major highlight of the film is definitely the striking visuals by the cinematographer. The first half has a lot of comedy, a romance which entertains the audience. The second half lacks a bit of pace and embedded a lot of action sequences. Though the second half is a little bit boring when compared the first half, the spectacular visuals and backgrounds engage the viewers well."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-27/Saakshyam-Movie-Review-Rating-2755/401551|title=Saakshyam Movie Review & Rating {2.75/5}|date=27 July 2018|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref>

Varaprasad Makireddy of ''[[Samayam Telugu]]'' opined "The movie is definitely new. If not, it would have been better if it had been shown better. All in all the theater goer is satisfied. If you enjoy the movie without looking for logic, you will definitely like it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/saakshyam-movie-review-rating-in-telugu/moviereview/65158094.cms|title=Saakshyam Movie Review|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' write "''Saakshyam'' is a large canvas film with a different concept and an innovative use of Karma and nature's elements. The film starts off really well with high energy killing sequence and hero riding on calf."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/saakshyam.html|title=Saakshyam review by jeevi - Telugu cinema review - Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivasa, Pooja Hegde|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Saakshyam'' grossed {{INR Convert|22.7|c}} in its theatrical run.<ref name="BO"/> It was a success at the box office.<ref name="success"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|7757972}}

{{Sriwass}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 action films]]
[[Category:2018 masala films]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2018 action adventure films]]
[[Category:2018 fantasy films]]
[[Category:2010s fantasy action films]]
[[Category:2010s fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian action adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy action films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sriwass]]
[[Category:Films about video games]]
[[Category:Films about mass murder]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Konaseema]]
[[Category:Films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Hindu mythology in popular culture]]
[[Category:Indian mythology in popular culture]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]

13th Rajputs (The Shekhawati Regiment)

2026-03-12T18:33:28Z

Bruce06828: expanded references per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=13th Rajputs
|image=13th Rajputs Indian Army.jpg
|caption=
|dates=1835–1922
|country=[[British Raj|Indian Empire]]
|branch=Army
|type=Infantry
|size=
|command_structure=[[Bengal Army]] (to 1895) [[Bengal Command]]
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=[[Edward VII]] (1904)
|ceremonial_chief_label=Colonel-in-Chief
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|motto=
|colors=Red; faced blue, 1870 dark blue
|colors_label=Uniform
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=Aliwal [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] [[Sikkim Expedition]] Chitral
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
}}
The '''13th Rajputs (The Shekhawati Regiment)''' was an infantry regiment of the [[Bengal Army]], and later of the [[British Indian Army]]. They could trace their origins to the Shekhawati Regiment raised in 1835, as part of the [[Jaipur]] contingent of the [[Honourable East India Company]] and were taken into the company's service as a local battalion 8 years later. They fought in the [[Battle of Aliwal]] in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]. Remaining loyal during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], they were taken into the Bengal Army as the 13th Bengal Native Infantry in 1861. There followed a number of different name changes the 13th (Shekhawati) Bengal Native Infantry 1884–1897, the 13th (Shekhawati) Rajput Regiment of Bengal Infantry 1897–1901, the 13th (Shekhawati) Rajput Infantry 1901–1903. Then finally in 1903, after the [[Kitchener Reforms|Kitchener reforms]] of the Indian Army the 13th Rajputs (The Shekhawati Regiment).
During [[World War I]] they were part of the [[Imperial Service Infantry Brigade]] assigned to the [[Indian Expeditionary Force B]] that was sent to [[British East Africa]]. They fought at the [[Battle of Tanga]], where although initially deployed in outdated formations, the regiment subsequently showed steadiness in street fighting with the defending German colonial troops.<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Smith|pages=33–34|title=The East Africa Canpaign 1914-18|date=21 June 2022 |isbn=978-1-4728-4891-8}}</ref>
[[Image:Rajputana.jpg|thumb|A painting depicting members of the Rajputana Rifles, of all ranks and uniforms. circa. 1911]]
After World War I, the Indian government reformed the army again, moving from single-battalion regiments to multi-battalion regiments.<ref>Sumner p.15</ref> The 13th Rajputs (The Shekhawati Regiment) now became the 10th (Shekhawati) Battalion [[6th Rajputana Rifles]] (1922–1947). After independence, this was one of the regiments allocated to the new [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite web|title=British Empire: Armed Forces: Units: Indian Infantry: 13th Rajputs |url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/indianinfantry/13thrajputs.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102035529/http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/indianinfantry/13thrajputs.htm |archivedate=2009-01-02 |url-status=live |accessdate=2009-09-22 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last1=Barthorp|first1=Michael|last2=Burn|first2=Jeffrey|year=1979|title=Indian infantry regiments 1860–1914|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=0-85045-307-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Ian|title=The Indian Army 1914–1947|year=2001|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-196-6}}

[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Honourable East India Company regiments]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1835]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1922]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:1835 establishments in India]]

{{BritishIndia-mil-stub}}
{{UK-mil-unit-stub}}
{{India-mil-unit-stub}}

Obra, Uttar Pradesh

2026-03-08T08:30:29Z

Bruce06828: refine layout per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Obra
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.42|N|82.98|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sonebhadra district|Sonebhadra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 46,574
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=267826 |title=Census of India: Search Details |access-date=27 May 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104803/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=267826 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 231219
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05445
| registration_plate = UP-64
| website = {{URL|http://sonbhadra.nic.in/default1.aspx}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Obra''' is a town, Tehsil, and Assembly constituency of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located in the [[Sonebhadra district]]. It has been upgraded from the stature of [[Nagar Panchayat]], and was previously a part of the Mirzapur District. Obra is located 137 km from Varanasi at the Banks of Renu & Sone River with population of 46,574 as per the 2011 India Census. State-owned UPRVUNL and UPJVUNL have a coal-fired thermal power plant and a hydroelectric power plant in Obra, respectively. The thermal and hydroelectric power industries are the major source of employment, either directly or indirectly . Obra is not very well connected by rail. The nearest railway station is [[Chopan]], which is about 10 kilometers from Obra,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Chopan+Station+Platform+1,+Chopan,+Uttar+Pradesh,+India/VIP+Road,+Obra,+Uttar+Pradesh+231219,+India/@24.4903862,82.9910718,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x398ee4fa6988e46f:0x9bc61c51054de274!2m2!1d83.0266549!2d24.5136929!1m5!1m1!1s0x398ee400d73735d9:0xd451ccd8ac2556c7!2m2!1d82.9924794!2d24.4624474!3e0?entry=ttu | title=Obra on the map | website=Google Maps}}</ref> and has connectivity to other major cities of India. Recreational places in Obra include Jawahar Bal Udayan (Children's Park), Ambedkar Stadium, Lord Shiva's temple, Sone river banks, and Parsoi and Kharatiya villages. Restructuring of government residential colony is ongoing (as of 2020) as new power plants are being constructed.

==Geography==
Obra is located at {{Coord|24.42|N|82.98|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Obra.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Obra]</ref> It has an average elevation in the range of 315 and 485 metres.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/33669/6/06_chapter%203.pdf | title=Aerobiological investigation of atmosphere around thermal power plant, Obra, Sonebhadra, U P, India | website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in | access-date=2024-05-19}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Obra had a 406,574 of which 204,804 are males while 201,770 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Obra has an average literacy rate of 87%, higher than the state average of 67.68%: male literacy is around 91.5%, and female literacy is 86.9%. In Obra, 12.36% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Power stations==
Obra stands by the side of the Renu & Sone rivers, tributaries of the Ganga. The environment around nicely supports the Thermal and Hydroelectric (Hydel) Power Station. The thermal station has 13 units with the total capacity of 1550 MW and the Hydel has a maximum capacity of 99 MW. Thermal power station-B houses India's first 200 MW installed and commissioned units.
Pushing aside heavy competition from home-bred companies like BHEL and L&T, South Korean's top power equipment manufacturer Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Company's Indian arm, Doosan Power Systems India (DPSI), clinched two super-critical power projects of 1,320 MW each in Uttar Pradesh. the 2×660 MW Obra C project, in Sonebhadra district, would be a brownfield project and will cost R10,416 crore. The construction is now underway. Both the projects are expected to start generating 1320 MW of power each by 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/doosan-power-clinches-rs-21000-cr-thermal-power-projects-in-up/406120/|title=Doosan Power clinches Rs 21,000 cr thermal power projects in UP|date=5 October 2016 }}</ref>

==Economy==
Apart from the power plants, stone-crushing and transportation are major employment providers . Retail shops also form a chunk of the economy.

==Media and communications==
All India Radio has a local station in Obra, which broadcasts mainly in Hindi and Bhojpuri. The station started on 28.08.1993. It operates on 102.7 MHz.

==Schools and Colleges and coaching==
#BHABHA COACHING CLASSES run by well acclaimed Chemistry teacher Mr.OP SINGH.
# Rajkiya Snatakottar Mahavidyalaya (Obra Degree College)
# Vidya Niketan Junior High School Sector-10
# Sacred Heart Convent School
# [[Obra Inter College]]
# Kiddies Care English School
# Shishu Shiksha Niketan
# Saraswati Shishu Mandir
# Career Convent educational school
# Bal Vidya Mandir
# Shiksha Niketan Intermediate College
# Modern Convent School
# Swami Satyananda Saraswati Vidyalaya
# Girls Inter College
# Saraswati Vidya Mandir
# Islamia School
# Islamia Inter College
# Atmaram Pvt ITI Gajraj Nagar, Chopan Road, Obra
# DAV Public School
# Vijay ITI
# om coaching center sector 8 obra
# English medium School, Govt.School, Billi Gav
#Vikash coaching center khairatiya

==Religious places==
# Sharda Mandir Chopan Road
# Hanuman Mandir, at junction of Chopan Road and VIP Road
# Maa Sheetla Mandir, Chopan Road
# gaytri mandir sec-8
# Someswar Mahadev Mandir, Bhalua Tola
# Shiv Mandir, Sector 10
# Islamia Mosque, VIP Road
# Sacred Heart Church, VIP Road
# Sankat Mochan Mandir, Sector 2
# Baba Bhuteshwar Darbar Cave, Sector 3
# Buddha Vihar, Ambedkar Chauraha
# Chitra Gupta Mandir, Ram Mandir Colony
# Gurdwara Singh Sabha, Obra Sonebhadra
# Noori Maszid, Bhalua Tola
# Millat Nagar Mosque
# St.Luke's Church, sector-8
# Shiv Parvati Amar Gufa, Salaibanwa
# Geeta mandir, sector 8
# Madina Mosque, bhalua tola

==Places to visit==
* Jawahar Bal Udyaan (Children Park), VIP Road
* Water Treatment Plant, Sector 3
* Obra Dam
* Water Treatment Plant, Sector 10
* Ambedkar Stadium, Near Degree College
* Gandhi Maidan
* Sector 10 Hill
* Devil Garden

==Notable people==
* [[Anurag Kashyap]]
* [[Abhinav Kashyap]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sonbhadra district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sonbhadra district]]

North Central Railway zone

2026-03-04T05:36:21Z

Bruce06828: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|Zone of Indian Railways}}
{{distinguish|text=the former [[Northern Central Railway]] in the United States}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox rail
| railroad_name = North Central Railway
| logo_filename =North Central Railway Zone.svg
| logo_size =80px
| system_map = Indianrailwayzones-numbered.png
| map_caption = 13-North Central Railway
| map_size =
| marks =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| locale = North-Central India
| start_year = {{start date and age|2003}}
| end_year = present
| predecessor_line = [[Northern Railway zone]] [[Central Railway zone]]
| successor_line =
| gauge = Mixed
| old_gauge =
| electrification =
| length = {{convert|3062|km}}
| hq_city = [[Prayagraj]]
| website = [http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/ ncr.indianrailways.gov.in]
}}

The '''North Central Railway''' (abbreviated '''NCR''') is one of the 19 [[Indian Railways|railway zones]] in [[India]]. The largest railway station in NCR is Kanpur Central. It is headquartered at [[Prayagraj Junction railway station|Prayagraj]] and comprises three divisions: [[Prayagraj railway division|Prayagraj]], [[Jhansi railway division|Jhansi]], and [[Agra railway division|Agra]] of the erstwhile [[Northern Railway (India)|Northern Railway]], [[Jhansi]] division of the erstwhile [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]], and new [[Agra railway division|Agra division]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/north-central-railway-introduces-gross-happiness-index-for-running-staff/articleshow/63657794.cms|title=North Central Railway introduces Gross Happiness Index for running staff - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref>

== History ==
{{see also | Rail transport in India#History | label 1 = Indian railway history | Northern Railway zone#History | label 2 = NR history | North Western Railway zone#History | label 3 = NWR history | North Eastern Railway zone#History | label 4 = NER history }}
[[File:India_railways1909a.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Extent of the Indian railway network in 1909]]

The North Central Railway, in its present form, came into existence on 1 April 2003. The North Central Railway's present network extends over a large area of North Central India, covering the states of [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Haryana]].

By December 2017, railways for the first time installed 6,095 [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]-enabled "Fog Pilot Assistance System" [[railway signalling]] devices in four most affected zones, [[Northern Railway zone]], North Central Railway zone, [[North Eastern Railway zone]] and [[North Western Railway zone]], by doing away with the old practice of putting firecrackers on train tracks to alter train divers running trains on snail's pace. With these devices, train pilots precisely know in advance, about the location of signals, level-crossing gates and other such approaching markers.<ref name=fog1>[//economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62042305.cms Indian Railways to use GPS-enabled devices to fight fog this season], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 12 Dec 2017.</ref>

In 2022, the North Central Railway Zone achieved 100% [[Railway electrification system|electrification]] of its network.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Railways touches another milestone! North Central Railway is now 100 percent electrified |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/indian-railways-touches-another-milestone-north-central-railway-is-now-100-percent-electrified/2728873/ |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=22 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Divisions ==
Serving the heartland of India, the North Central Railways comprises the following three divisions.<ref name="indianrailways.gov.in"/>
# [[Prayagraj railway division]]
# [[Jhansi railway division]]
# [[Agra railway division]]

== Area covered ==
The zone spreads across all three divisions mentioned above. It extends from [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]] (excl.) in the north to Mughalsarai (excl.) in the east on [[New Delhi]]-[[Howrah]] trunk route and from [[Palwal]] (excl.) to [[Bina Etawa|Bina]] (excl.) on New Delhi [[Mumbai]]/[[Chennai]] corridor. North Central Railway span parts of UP, Haryana, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh with about 3062 route km of BG comprising predominantly double line- electrified sections defining the sides and diagonals of the Golden Quadrilateral.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pnr.meramaal.com/hi/northern-railway-zone-2/|title=उत्तरी रेलवे क्षेत्र (Northern Railway Zone)|date=2018-10-22|work=Pnr status, train running status, seat availability, PNR|access-date=2018-10-24|language=hi-IN|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113124/https://www.pnr.meramaal.com/hi/northern-railway-zone-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> NCR consists of 202 main line stations & 221 branch line stations. This zone forms a corridor for trains almost directions viz. East to north and north to east a total of 29 pairs of mail-express trains daily west/south to north and north to south/west total 37 pairs of M/Exp. Trains daily east to Southwest and southwest to east a total of 25 pairs of Mail/Express trains daily East to West & West to East a total of 12 pairs of Mail/Express Trains Daily.<ref name="indianrailways.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261|title=North Central Railways / Indian Railways Portal|website=www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

== Major stations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"
! style="background:#ffd750;" |Category of station
! style="background:#ffd750;" |No. of stations
! style="background:#ffd750;" |Names of stations<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 January 2016 |date=2016-01-28 |access-date=2019-04-18 |title=Archived copy }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''A-1''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" |6
| style="text-align:center;" |{{rws|Prayagraj Junction}}, [[Gwalior Junction railway station|Gwalior Junction]], {{rws|Kanpur Central}}, [[Mathura Junction railway station|Mathura Junction]], [[Agra Cantonment railway station|Agra Cantonment]], [[Jhansi Junction railway station|Jhansi Junction]]
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''A''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" |15
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Tundla Junction railway station|Tundla]], [[Aligarh railway station|Aligarh]], [[Morena railway station|Morena]], {{rws|Etawah}}, {{rws|Fatehpur}}, {{rws|Phaphund}}, {{rws|Mirzapur}}, [[Banda railway station|Banda]], [[Chitrakutdham Karwi railway station|Chitrakutdham Karwi]], [[Lalitpur Junction railway station|Lalitpur]], [[Mahoba Junction railway station|Mahoba]], [[Orai railway station|Orai]], [[Agra Fort railway station|Agra Fort]], [[Raja ki Mandi railway station|Raja ki Mandi]]
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''B''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''C''' Category
(Suburban station)
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''D''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''E''' Category
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''F''' Category
Halt Station
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''Total'''
| style="text-align:center;" |'''-'''
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|}

== Major trains ==

#[[Shram Shakti Express]], New Delhi – Kanpur Central
#[[Prayagraj Express]], New Delhi - Prayagraj Jn
#[[Kanpur–New Delhi Shatabdi Express]], New Delhi – Kanpur Central
#[[Allahabad–New Delhi Humsafar Express|Prayagraj–New Delhi Humsafar Express]], New Delhi – Prayagraj Jn
#[[Allahabad–Anand Vihar Terminal Humsafar Express|Prayagraj–Anand Vihar Terminal Humsafar Express]], Anand Vihar Terminal – Prayagraj Jn
#[[Kanpur Central–Anand Vihar Terminal Express]], Anand Vihar Terminal – Kanpur Central
#[[Chambal Express]], Howrah Jn – Gwalior Jn/Mathura Jn

==Workshop and manpower==
There are two workshops on the North Central Railway. The Wagon Repair Workshop in Jhansi deals with the repairing of wagon stock of Indian Railways and was established in 1895. Rail Spring Karkhana, Sithouli, and [[Gwalior]] deals with manufacturing of Coaching Stock springs as well as Locomotive springs. The NCR also has an electric loco shed where the damaged engines of [[Magadh Express]] is fitted with modern technology to run the [[Delhi]]-[[Howrah]] [[Duronto Express]]. The NCR has 69,644 staff members.<ref name="indianrailways.gov.in"/> NCR in its effort to boost use of [[solar power]] under [[National Solar Mission]] has selected Vivaan Solar, a company from [[Gwalior]] to install a total of 1.5 MW [[rooftop solar]] power project at the wagon repair workshop of [[Jhansi Junction railway station]]. The company will install rooftop [[solar panels]] on production sheds and service buildings of the complex.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/happy-birthday-indian-railways-first-passenger-train-started-165-years-ago-unknown-facts-about-the-network/1134650/ |title=Happy Birthday Indian Railways! First passenger train started 165 years ago; unknown facts about the network |date=2018-04-16 |work=The Financial Express |access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref>

==Loco sheds==
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Kanpur]]
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Jhansi]]
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Jhansi]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Jhansi Junction.jpg|Jhansi Junction Railway Station
File:Rail Station, Allahabad.jpg|Allahabad Railway Station
</gallery>

== External links ==
* {{Official website|1=https://ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/index.jsp?lang=0}}

==See also==

* [[All India Station Masters' Association (AISMA)]]
* [[Zones and divisions of Indian Railways]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Railways}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Zones of Indian Railways]]
[[Category:North Central Railway zone| ]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in India]]

Ek Hasina Thi (film)

2026-03-03T01:55:47Z

Bruce06828: general enhanced page per standard format further and improved wording

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ek Hasina Thi
| image = Ek Hasina Thi poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Sriram Raghavan]]
| producer = [[Ram Gopal Varma]] [[R. R. Venkat]]
| writer = Sriram Raghavan Pooja Ladha Surti
| starring = [[Urmila Matondkar]] [[Saif Ali Khan]] [[Aditya Srivastava]] [[Seema Biswas]]
| music = [[Amar Mohile]]
| cinematography = [[C. K. Muraleedharan]]
| editing = Sanjib Datta
| studio = [[K Sera Sera Limited|K Sera Sera Productions]] [[R. R. Movie Makers]]
| distributor = [[20th Century Fox]]<ref>{{cite web|title=20th Century Fox to leave India|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=29 January 2005|access-date=25 May 2022|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/20th-century-fox-to-leave-india/story-s9XnDyy1vZc4iRsfWgj3XP.html|archive-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525005437/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/20th-century-fox-to-leave-india/story-s9XnDyy1vZc4iRsfWgj3XP_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2004|01|16}}
| runtime = 139 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/ek-hasina-thi-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zndg5ntk|title=Ek Hasina Thi|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}4 crore<ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=478|title=Ek Hasina Thi – Movie – Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com|access-date=18 May 2018|archive-date=22 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822221030/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=478|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}10 crore<ref name="boxofficeindia.com" />
}}

'''''Ek Hasina Thi''''' (English: ''There Was A Beautiful Woman'') is a 2004 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[neo-noir]] [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Sriram Raghavan]] in his directorial debut and produced by [[Ram Gopal Varma]]. It stars [[Urmila Matondkar]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]] in the lead roles.

The film borrows elements from the [[Sidney Sheldon]] novel ''[[If Tomorrow Comes (novel)|If Tomorrow Comes]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2004/01/22/review-ek-hasina-thi-bhoot/|title=Review: Ek Hasina Thi / Bhoot|last=Rangan|first=Baradwaj|date=22 January 2004|work=Baradwaj Rangan|access-date=18 May 2018|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan|archive-date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518084142/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2004/01/22/review-ek-hasina-thi-bhoot/|url-status=live}}</ref> Critic Ronjita Kulkarni said it's "loosely based" on ''[[Double Jeopardy (1999 film)|Double Jeopardy]]'', while "the film also adapts a scene from ''[[The Bone Collector]]''."<ref>Ronjita Kulkarni (15 January 2004), [https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/15ek.htm "Who's better: Urmila or Saif?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020020749/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/15ek.htm|date=20 October 2018}}, ''Rediff''. Retrieved 30 March 2019.</ref> The film premiered at the [[New York Asian Film Festival]] and was released in India on 16 January 2004.<ref name="David">{{cite web|author=David |title=The Films of Ram Gopal Varma – An Overview |publisher=Cinema Strikes Back |date=16 June 2006 |url=http://www.cinemastrikesback.com/?p=1202 |access-date=22 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725153007/http://www.cinemastrikesback.com/?p=1202 |archive-date=25 July 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> Although a [[box-office bomb|commercial failure]] upon its release, the film is considered one of the best works of Matondkar, Khan and Raghavan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ek-hasina-thi-2004-truth-disguised-as-lies/article28196823.ece|title='Ek Hasina Thi' (2004): Truth, disguised as lies|first=Jai Arjun|last=Singh|work=The Hindu|date=28 July 2019|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213225039/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ek-hasina-thi-2004-truth-disguised-as-lies/article28196823.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Anvita |date=2025-01-16 |title=Ek Hasina Thi is 21: The twisted Saif-Urmila classic which gave us Sriram Raghavan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ek-hasina-thi-is-21-saif-ali-khan-and-urmila-matondkar-classic-sriram-raghavan-2665658-2025-01-16 |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=July 2025}}
Sarika is a single woman who lives alone in Mumbai and works at a travel agency. She meets Karan and initially resists his romantic advances, but the two eventually sleep together and begin a relationship. One day, Karan asks Sarika to host one of his friends for 2 hours as he is new to the city, and she agrees. Karan's friend arrives at Sarika's home. When he receives a phone call he asks if he can leave his suitcase there to be picked up later before his flight, Sarika agrees and he leaves. That evening, Sarika sees on the news that the man is a wanted criminal. Sarika is shocked and calls Karan, who tells her to get rid of the suitcase. Sarika steps out with the suitcase and is intercepted by police officers who arrest her. Karan asks her to speak to his lawyer, Kamlesh Mathur, and not to mention his name anywhere in this investigation as that could damage his reputation in his business. After losing the initial hearing and being denied bail, the attorney advises her to confess to the crime, convincing her that since she has no criminal record and no prior convictions, the judge will release her.

Sarika complies after being convinced that the judge will give her a light sentence after the attorney tells her this is the Judge's idea since he is working alongside Karan. However, the judge sentences her to seven years in prison without parole. Sarika then realises that Karan and his attorney have cheated her. Karan is a criminal who framed her to keep the police away from him. Soon after this realisation, Sarika's father dies. In prison, Sarika's hatred for Karan grows. Pramila, an inmate who has contacts outside prison, decides to help Sarika.

Sarika begins a journey of self-transformation, which she starts by conquering her fear of rats. She beats up an abusive inmate, Gomati, who had bullied her. Sarika then escapes from prison, along with a few other inmates after starting a fire in the kitchen. Karan is notified of her escape by Kamlesh Mathur but does not think much of it. ACP Malti Vaidya sets out to find Sarika. Sarika finds Mathur and kills him after learning Karan's whereabouts, working for a gangster in Delhi.

Sarika finds Karan in Delhi with his new girlfriend. She takes a room right opposite Karan's so that she can observe him. She trails him day and night, without arousing suspicion. ACP Malti Vaidya finds Sarika when Sarika calls her mother from a prepaid phone in Delhi. Karan, in the meantime, is in trouble with a local gangster, Sanjeev, to whom he owes money. He is kidnapped from a nightclub by Sanjeev's henchmen, who threaten him. Karan is taken to Bilal, Sanjeev's partner who alerts him Sanjeev is ready to meet him, Sarika secretly observes the incident and as soon as Karan leaves the room, Sanjeev is found dead, and suspicion falls on Karan.

Karan and his girlfriend are attacked in the hotel, leaving his girlfriend and a few henchmen dead. Karan escapes as ACP Malti reaches his hotel suite in pursuit of Sarika. Karan is bewildered at Sanjeev's death and the attack and wonders if a rival gang murdered Sanjeev.

Meanwhile, Sarika pretends to meet Karan accidentally. She pretends to have sympathy for him, and Karan believes her. Karan confronts a man whom he suspects to be a traitor, but the man can say anything; Karan kills him.

Sarika is amused at Karan's confusion. She steals money from Karan's boss, for which Karan is suspected. Realizing she has framed him after ACP Malti's questioning, Karan confronts and assaults Sarika, who tells him she has burned the money. Karan takes Sarika to his boss and makes her confess at gunpoint. But she feigns ignorance and claims that Karan forced her to confess. A fight begins between Karan and his boss's henchman as the ACP enters with the police.

In a shootout, the ACP kills Karan's boss, and the ACP herself is shot. Karan briefly escapes before Sarika catches him, holds him at gunpoint, and makes him drive to a secluded spot. After knocking Karan unconscious, Sarika chains him in a cavern infested with rats. As Karan regains consciousness, Sarika tells him how she used to be scared of rats, and she chose this spot because she wanted him to go through the pain and suffering that she went through while she was in prison. Sarika leaves Karan in the cavern.

Karan screams, but no one hears him. A pack of rats slowly start crawling all over him and eventually kill him. Sarika surrenders to the ACP, turning in the bag of money that she stole from Karan's boss to the ACP.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
* [[Urmila Matondkar]] as Sarika Vartak
* [[Saif Ali Khan]] as Karan Singh Rathod
* [[Seema Biswas]] as ACP Malti Vaidya
* [[Aditya Srivastava]] as Advocate Kamlesh Mathur
* [[Pratima Kazmi]] as Prisoner Pramila
* [[Kavita Kaushik]] as Karan's girlfriend in Delhi
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Sanjiv Nanda
* Seema Adhikari as Dolly
* Rajendra Sethi as Sarika's neighbour
* [[Gopal K Singh]] as Abhijeet
* Madan Joshi as Bilal
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Lawyer
* [[Ravi Kale]] as S.I.
* Abhay Bhargav as Nanda, Karan's boss
* [[Rasika Joshi]] as Prisoner Gomati
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as Anita
{{Colend}}

==Production ==
Saif Ali Khan was initially unsure about accepting the role of Karan as he was unaccustomed to portraying such a ruthless character, though the filmmakers convinced him to accept the role. For his first role as a villain, he received a lot of appreciation for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/top-10-saif-ali-khan-performances-15113.html|title=Top 10 Saif Ali Khan performances|website=filmfare.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235900/https://www.filmfare.com/features/top-10-saif-ali-khan-performances-15113.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sriram-raghavan-ek-hasina-thi-throwback-5384586/|title=Ahead of Andhadhun, here's looking at Sriram Raghavan's debut film Ek Hasina Thi|date=2018-10-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235902/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sriram-raghavan-ek-hasina-thi-throwback-5384586/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[Amar Mohile]]. The first song 'Neend Na Aaye' that plays at the beginning of the film has been sung by [[Pandit Jasraj]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=phanishankar|number=1123422054907355137|title=yeah, in the titles also it is mentioned as background score -Amar Mohile and there is Pandit Jasraj's 'Neend Na Aaye' song in the background during the titles}}</ref> The title song 'Ek Hasina Thi' plays in the second half of the film.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/ek_hasina_thi.htm | title=Ek Hasina Thi : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Ek Hasina Thi (2004) | access-date=13 December 2022 | archive-date=13 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213225041/https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/ek_hasina_thi.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[IndiaFM]] gave the film a 3 out of 5, writing, "On the whole, ''EK HASINA THI'', in the spirit of RGV's other movies, has some fresh things to say about love, passion, deceit and destiny".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ek-hasina-thi/critic-review/ek-hasina-thi-movie-review/|title=Ek Hasina Thi Movie Review|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|author-link=Taran Adarsh|date=14 January 2004|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213225038/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ek-hasina-thi/critic-review/ek-hasina-thi-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> K. Kavitha of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "His [Ram Gopal Varma's] ‘K Sera Sera Productions’ conjures up yet another superbly crafted movie; yet another promising director — Sriram Raghavan and yet another virtuoso performance by his muse, Urmila".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/mr1.asp|title=Ek Hasina Thi - Hindi|last=K.|first=Kavitha|date=18 January 2004|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705145704/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/mr1.asp|archive-date=5 July 2017}}</ref>

Urmila Matondkar received high praise for her role as a merciless avenger. ''Ek Hasina Thi'' is considered one of the finest performances in her career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Heres-A-List-10-Best-Performances-Of-Urmila-Matondkar/|title=As She Turns A Year Older, Here Are 10 Standout Performances By Urmila Matondkar|last=Patel|first=Dipali|date=2017-02-04|website=ScoopWhoop|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235859/https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Heres-A-List-10-Best-Performances-Of-Urmila-Matondkar/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/feb/4/18479|title=From Masoom to Ek Hasina Thi: 5 best performances of Urmila Matondkar|last=Thombare|first=Suparna|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235900/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/feb/4/18479|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/entertainment/remembering-6-best-performances-of-urmila-matondkar-on-her-44th-birthday-article75596.htm|title=RANKED: 6 Best Performances of Urmila Matondkar in Bollywood|date=2018-02-04|website=Desimartini|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235903/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/entertainment/remembering-6-best-performances-of-urmila-matondkar-on-her-44th-birthday-article75596.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0352314|Ek Hasina Thi}}
{{Sriram Raghavan}}

{{Ram Gopal Varma}}

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:2000s avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sriram Raghavan]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox films]]
[[Category:Films about mice and rats]]

1967 elections in India

2026-02-27T21:34:55Z

Bruce06828: slightly refined information for consistency further and improved wording

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1965 elections in India
| previous_year = 1965
| election_date = 1967
| next_election = 1968 elections in India
| next_year = 1968
}}
{{Politics of India}}
The elections in India in 1967 included the [[1967 Indian general election]] and nine [[Legislative Assembly elections in India|state legislative assembly elections]].

==General election==
{{main|1967 Indian general election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1967.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=59490701|seats1=283|sc1=–78
|party2=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes2=13580935|seats2=35|sc2=+21
|party3=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes3=12646847|seats3=44|sc3=+26
|party4=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes4=7458396|seats4=23|sc4=–6
|party5=[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]|votes5=7171627|seats5=23|sc5=New
|party6=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes6=6246522|seats6=19|sc6=New
|party7=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes7=5529405|seats7=25|sc7=+18
|party8=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes8=4456487|seats8=13|sc8=+1
|party9=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes9=3607711|seats9=1|sc9=–2
|party10=[[Bangla Congress]]|votes10=1204356|seats10=5|sc10=New
|party11=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes11=1028755|seats11=2|sc11=+2
|party12=[[Akali Dal – Sant Fateh Singh]]|votes12=968712|seats12=3|sc12=New
|party13=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes13=627910|seats13=2|sc13=0
|party14=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes14=413868|seats14=2|sc14=0
|party15=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes15=321219|seats15=0|sc15=New
|party16=[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]|votes16=210020|seats16=1|sc16=New
|party17=Akali Dal – Master Tara Singh|votes17=189290|seats17=0|sc17=New
|party18=[[Jana Kranti Dal]]|votes18=183211|seats18=1|sc18=New
|party19=[[Orissa Jana Congress|Jana Congress]]|votes19=136631|seats19=0|sc19=New
|party20=[[All Party Hill Leaders Conference]]|votes20=112492|seats20=1|sc20=0
|party21=[[United Goans Party|United Goans – Seqveria Group]]|votes21=100137|seats21=1|sc21=New
|party22=Peoples Front|votes22=42725|seats22=0|sc22=New
|party23=[[Democratic National Conference]]|votes23=30788|seats23=0|sc23=New
|party24=[[United Goans Party|United Goans – Furtadd Group]]|votes24=1714|seats24=0|sc24=New
|party25=[[Nagaland Nationalist Organisation]]|votes25=0|seats25=1|sc25=New
|party26=Independents|votes26=20106051|seats26=35|sc26=+15
|row27=Appointed members{{efn|Two representing [[Anglo-Indians]] and one representing the [[North-East Frontier Agency]].}}|seats27=3|sc27=–11
|invalid=6858101
|electorate=250207401
|total_sc=+15
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/?do=download&r=9743&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=6df04992cf2c2fe96a9487465b425663 ECI]
}}
{{notelist}}

==Legislative Assembly elections==

===Andhra Pradesh===
{{Main|1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|party1=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes1=291783|seats1=3
|party2=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes2=1077499|seats2=11
|party3=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes3=1053855|seats3=9
|party4=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes4=6292649|seats4=165
|party5=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes5=28564|seats5=0
|party6=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes6=36757|seats6=1
|party7=[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]|votes7=49669|seats7=1
|party8=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes8=1363382|seats8=29
|party9=Independents|votes9=3658928|seats9=68
|invalid=2333093
|electorate=20934068
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4045-andhra-pradesh-1967/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Assam===
{{Main|1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the 1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 : To the Legislative Assembly of Assam | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref> |sortable=yes}}
|-
!colspan=10|[[File:India Assam Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;"
! class="unsortable" |
! Political Party !! Flag !! Seats Contested !! Won !! % of Seats !! Votes !! Vote %
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|
| 120 || 73 || 44.66% || 1354748 || 43.60%
|-
| {{party color cell|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[All Party Hill Leaders Conference]]
|
| 12 || 9 || 57.86% || 108447 || 3.49%
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India]]
|
| 22 || 7 || 30.19% || 108447 || 5.15%
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|
| 35 || 5 || 23.20% || 213094 || 6.86%
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|
| 17 || 4 || 26.37% || 101802 || 3.28%
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Swatantra Party]]
|
| 13 || 2 || 14.07% || 46187 || 1.49%
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|
| 124 || 26 || 36.12% || 1004695 || 32.33%
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 3| Total Seats
! 105 !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 5449305 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! 3369230 (61.83%)
|}

===Bihar===
{{Main|1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=4479460|seats1=128|sc1=–57
|party2=[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]|votes2=2385961|seats2=68|sc2=New
|party3=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3=1410722|seats3=26|sc3=+23
|party4=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes4=942889|seats4=18|sc4=–11
|party5=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes5=935977|seats5=24|sc5=+12
|party6=[[Jan Kranti Dal]]|votes6=451412|seats6=13|sc6=New
|party7=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes7=315184|seats7=3|sc7=–47
|party8=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes8=173656|seats8=4|sc8=New
|party9=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes9=23893|seats9=1|sc9=New
|party21=Independents|votes21=2419469|seats21=33|sc21=–21
|total_sc=0
|invalid=4914436
|electorate=27743190
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3889-bihar-1967/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 29 November 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Delhi===
{{Main|1967 Delhi Metropolitan Council election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Delhi Metropolitan Council 1967.svg]]
|seattype1=Elected|seattype2=Nominated|seattype3=Total
|party1=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|st1t1=33|st2t1=2|st3t1=35
|party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|st1t2=19|st2t2=2|st3t2=21
|party3=[[Republican Party of India]]|st1t3=2|st2t3=0|st3t3=2
|party4=Independents|st1t4=2|st2t4=1|st3t4=3
|source=Parveen,<ref>{{cite book |title=Contested Homelands: Politics of Space and Identity |author=Nazima Parveen |year=2021 |isbn=9789389000917 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |quote=BJS won thirty-three of fifty-six seats of the Delhi Metropolitan Council election in 1967..}}</ref> Delhi Gazetteer<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acoBAAAAMAAJ |title=Delhi Gazetteer - 1976 |date=1 April 1976 |editor=Radha Raman |location=Delhi |page=974}}</ref>
}}

===Goa, Daman and Diu===
{{Main|1967 Goa, Daman & Diu Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Goa, Daman & Diu Legislative Assembly election, 1967<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF GOA DAMAN & DIU |archive-date=27 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127185815/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> |sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan=2|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats contested 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
| {{party color cell|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}
|align="left"|[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]||26||16||111,110||40.42%
|-
| {{party color cell|United Goans Party}}
|align="left"|[[United Goans Party|United Goans Party (Sequeira Group)]]||30||12||104,426||37.98%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||156||2||48,471||17.63%
|-
!colspan=2|Total<ref>The total includes votes and contestants of all parties, even those who failed to win one seat</ref>!!226!!30!!264.007!!100%
|-
|}

===Gujarat===
{{Main|1967 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Gujarat Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=2933059|seats1=93|sc1={{decrease}}20
|party2=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes2=2436901|seats2=66|sc2={{increase}}40
|party3=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes3=212314|seats3=3|sc3={{decrease}}4
|party4=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes4=120147|seats4=1|sc4=New
|party20=Others|votes20=28574|seats20=0|sc20=0
|party21=Independents|votes21=650097|seats21=5|sc21={{decrease}}12
|total_sc={{increase}}14
|invalid=1618322
|electorate=10694972
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3829-gujarat-1967/ |title=Statistical Report on Generlal Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref>
}}

===Haryana===
{{Main|1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image = [[File:India Haryana Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=1252290|seats1=48
|party2=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes2=436145|seats2=12
|party3=[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]|votes3=108172|seats3=0
|party4=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes4=96410|seats4=3
|party5=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes5=87861|seats5=2
|party6=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes6=27238|seats6=0
|party7=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes7=16379|seats7=0
|party8=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes8=6477|seats8=0
|party9=Independents|votes9=998969|seats9=16
|invalid=931825
|totalvotes=3187946
|electorate=4387980
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3816-haryana-1967 |title=Haryana 1967 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref>
}}

===Himachal Pradesh===
{{Main|1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=323247|seats1=34
|party2=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes2=106261|seats2=7
|party3=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes3=22173|seats3=2
|party4=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes4=14767|seats4=1
|party20=Others|votes20=7787|seats20=0
|party21=Independents|votes21=291884|seats21=16
|invalid=44234
|electorate=1582103
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3801-himachal-pradesh-1967/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1967 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Jammu and Kashmir===
{{Main|1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=423922|seats1=61|sc1=New
|party2=[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]|votes2=137179|seats2=8|sc2={{decrease}}62
|party3=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3=131542|seats3=3|sc3=New
|party20=Others|votes20=38552|seats20=0|sc20=0
|party21=Independents|votes21=68377|seats21=3|sc21={{increase}}1
|total_sc=0
|invalid=124727
|electorate=1419253
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3789-jammu-kashmir-1967/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 1967 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>
}}

===Kerala===
{{Main|1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the 1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election<ref>{{cite web |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERALA |url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1967_ST_REP.pdf |website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in |publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Johnson Nossiter|title=Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC&pg=PA128|date=1 January 1982|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04667-2|pages=128}}</ref> |sortable=yes}}
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;"
! class="unsortable" |
! Political Party !! Flag !! Seats Contested !! Won !! Net Change in seats !! % of Seats
! Votes !! Vote % !! Change in vote %
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|
| 22 || 0 || NA || 0 || 55,584 || 0.88 || NA
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India]]
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|35px]]
| 22 || 19 || {{increase}} 16 || 14.29 || 538,004 || 8.57 || {{increase}} 0.27
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|35px]]
| 59 || 52 || {{increase}} 12 || 39.10 || 1,476,456 || 23.51 || {{increase}} 3.64
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|
| 133 || 9 || {{decrease}} 27 || 6.77 || 2,789,556 || 35.43 || {{increase}} 1.88
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|
| 7 || 0 || NA || 0 || 13,991 || 0.22 || NA
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|
| 21 || 19 || 6 || 14.29 || 527,662 || 8.4 || {{increase}} 0.27
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Swatantra Party]]
|
| 6 || 0 || NA || 14.29 || 13,105 || 0.21 || NA
|-
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Kerala Congress]]
|
| 61 || 5 || {{decrease}} 1 || 3.76 || 475,172 || 7.57 || {{decrease}} 5.01
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{Party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|
| 15 || 14 || {{increase}} 8 || 10.53 || 424,159 || 6.75 || {{increase}} 2.92
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|
| 75 || 15 || {{increase}} 3 || 11.28 || 531,783 || 8.47 || {{decrease}} 5.27
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 3|
! style="text-align:center;" |Total Seats !! 133 ({{steady}} 0) !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 8,613,658 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! colspan = 2|6,518,272 (75.67%)
|}

===[[Madras]]===
{{Main|1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election}}
Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=The Madras Legislative Assembly, 1962-67, A Review |url=https://assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/3rd_1962/Review%203_62-67.pdf |website=assembly.tn.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203060340/https://assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/3rd_1962/Review%203_62-67.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2022 |date=24 August 1976 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3325-tamil-nadu-1967|title = Tamil Nadu 1967}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=8|[[File:India Madras Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Alliances
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|Party
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Popular Vote
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Vote %
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats contested
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats won
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Change
|-
|align=left rowspan=7 valign=top|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|United Front]]<ref>{{Cite journal| first = N. S. |last=Siddhartan| title = Voting Pattern in the Fourth General Election. I: D M K Success in Madras| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| volume = 2| issue = 24| pages = 1083–88| date = 17 June 1967| jstor =4358065}}</ref>
 '''Seats:''' 179 '''Seat Change: '''{{increase}} 121 '''Popular Vote:''' 8,051,433 '''Popular Vote %:''' 52.59%
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|align=center| 6,230,552
|align=center| 40.69%
|align=center| 174
|align=center| 137
|align=center| {{increase}} 87
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|align=center| 811,232
|align=center| 5.30%
|align=center| 27
|align=center| 20
|align=center| {{increase}} 12
|-
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|align=center| 623,114
|align=center| 4.07%
|align=center| 22
|align=center| 11
|align=center| {{increase}} 11
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|align=center| 136,188
|align=center| 0.89%
|align=center| 4
|align=center| 4
|align=center| {{increase}} 4
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|align=center| 95,494
|align=center| 0.62%
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 3
|align=center| {{increase}} 3
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|align=center| 84,188
|align=center| 0.55%
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 2
|align=center| {{increase}} 2
|-
|align=left colspan="2"| DMK Backed Independents
|align=center| 70,665
|align=center| 0.46%
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 2
|align=center| {{increase}} 2
|-
|align=left rowspan=1 valign=top|[[Indian National Congress]] '''Seats: ''' 51 '''Seat Change: ''' {{decrease}} 84 '''Popular Vote:''' 6,293,378 '''Popular Vote %:''' 41.10%
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|align=center| 6,293,378
|align=center| 41.10%
|align=center| 232
|align=center| 51
|align=center| {{decrease}} 84
|-
|align=left rowspan=5 valign=top|Others '''Seats:''' 4 '''Seat Change: '''{{decrease}} 4
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|Independents}}
|align=center| 591,214
|align=center| 3.86%
|align=center| 246
|align=center| 1
|align=center| {{decrease}} 4
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|align=center| 275,932
|align=center| 1.80%
|align=center| 32
|align=center| 2
|align=center| {{nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Forward Bloc}}
|align=center| 44,714
|align=center| 0.29%
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 1
|align=center| {{nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|align=center| 31,286
|align=center| 0.20%
|align=center| 13
|align=center| 0
|align=center| {{nochange}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|align=center| 22,745
|align=center| 0.15%
|align=center| 24
|align=center| 0
|align=center| {{nochange}}
|-
!align=center| Total
!align=center colspan="2"| 11 Political Parties
|align=center|15,310,702
|align=center|100%
|align=center| —
|align=center|234
|align=center| {{increase}} 28
|}

===[[Maharashtra]]===
{{Main|1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Maharashtra State Assembly election, 1967|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of candidates 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of elected 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||270||203||6,288,564||47.03%||{{decrease}} 12
|-
| {{party color cell|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]||58||19||1,043,239||7.80%||{{increase}} 4
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||41||10||651,077||4.87%||{{increase}} 4
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Praja Socialist Party]]||66||8||545,935||4.08%||{{decrease}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Republican Party of India]]||79||5||890,377||6.66%||{{increase}} 5
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]||166||4||1,092,670||8.17%||{{increase}} 4
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]||48||4||616,466||4.61%||{{increase}} 4
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||11||1||145,083||1.08%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||463||16||1,948,223||14.57%||{{increase}} 1
|-
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||1242||270||13,371,735||
|-
|}

===[[Manipur]]===
{{Main|1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Manipur Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=101504|seats1=16|sc1=New
|party2=Sanghata Socialist Party|votes2=36520|seats2=4|sc2=New
|party3=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes3=17062|seats3=1|sc3=New
|party4=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes4=2417|seats4=0|sc4=New
|party5=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes5=2093|seats5=0|sc5=New
|party11=[[Independent (politics)|Independents]]|votes11=152419|seats11=9|sc11=New
|total_sc=0
|invalid=68505
|electorate=468707
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3702-manipur-1967/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Mysore===
{{Main|1967 Mysore Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Mysore Legislative Assembly election, 1967|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Contestants 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Vote share 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Net change 
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||216||126||{{decrease}} 12||3,636,374||48.43%||{{decrease}} 1.79
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Praja Socialist Party]]||52||20||{{steady}} 0 ||666,662||8.88%||{{decrease}} 5.20
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|align="left"|[[Swatantra Party]]||45||16||{{increase}} 7||497,055 ||6.62%||{{decrease}} 0.53
|-
| {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]||17||6||||185,222||2.47%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]||37||4||||211,966||2.82%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||||41||{{increase}} 14||2,129,786||28.36%||''N/A''
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||||'''216'''||||||||
|-
|}

===Odisha===
{{Main|1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the 1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election
|sortable=yes}}
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;"
! class="unsortable" |
! Political Party !! Flag !! Seats Contested !! Won !! Net Change in seats !! % of Seats
! Votes !! Vote % !! Change in vote %
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|
| 140 || 31 || {{decrease}} 51 || 22.14 || 12,35,149 || 30.66 || {{decrease}} 12.62
|-
|
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|
| 19 || 0 || "New" || 0 || 21,788 || 4.07 || "New"
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|
| 33 || 21 || {{increase}} 11 || 7.85 || 4,93,750 || 41.16 || {{increase}} 10.73
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India]]
|
| 31 || 7 || {{increase}} 3 || 5 || 2,11,999 || 20.71 || {{decrease}} 6.61
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|
| 10 || 1 || "New" || 0.71 || 46,597 || 18.16 || "New"
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Swatantra Party]]
|
| 101 || 49 || "New" || 35 || 9,09,421 || 34.78 || "New"
|-
| {{party color cell|Orissa Jana Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jan Congress|JAC]]
|
| 47 || 26 || "New" || 18.57 || 5,42,734 || 37.17 || "New"
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|
| 21 || 2 || N/A || 1.42 || 5,05,394 || 17.72 || N/A
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 3|
! style="text-align:center;" |Total Seats !! 140 ({{steady}} 0) !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 98,73,057 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! colspan = 2|43,48,838 (44.05%)
|}

===Punjab===
{{Main|1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=7|Result of Punjab Legislative Assembly election 1967<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in//punjab/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|title=List of Polling Booth For Punjab Lok Sabha Elections 1967|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|-
!
!Part
!contested
!Seats won
!change in seats
!popular vote
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"|[[Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh]]
|59
|24
|{{increase}} 24
|8,71,742
|20.48
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|49
|9
|{{increase}} 1
|4,18,921
|9.84%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Communist Party of India]]
|19
|5
|{{decrease}} 4
|2,21,494
|5.20%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|13
|3
|{{increase}} 3
|1,38,857
|3.26%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Republican Party of India}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Republican Party of India]]
|17
|3
|{{increase}} 3
|76,089
|1.79%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal Master Tara Singh Group]]
|61
|2
|{{increase}} 2
|1,78,746
|4.20%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|8
|1
|{{decrease}} 3
|30,591
|0.72%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"| [[Independent politician|Independents]]
|235
|9
|{{decrease}} 9
|6,83,369
|16.05%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|102
|48
|{{decrease}} 42
|15,94,160
|37.45%
|-
|
|Others
|19
|0
|
|43,144
|1.02%
|-
!
!Total<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3445-punjab-1967/|title=Statistical Report on General Election Punjab 1967|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!602
!104
!
!42,57,113
!
|}
'''Parties in green box formed coalition government'''

===Rajasthan===
{{Main|1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Rajasthan Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=2798411|seats1=89|sc1=+1
|party2=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes2=1493018|seats2=48|sc2=+12
|party3=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3=789609|seats3=22|sc3=+7
|party4=Sanghata Socialist Party|votes4=321574|seats4=8|sc4=New
|party5=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India]]|votes5=79826|seats5=0|sc5=0
|party6=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes6=65531|seats6=1|sc6=–4
|party7=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes7=54618|seats7=0|sc7=–2
|party8=[[Jai Telangana Party]]|votes8=45576|seats8=0|sc8=New
|party9=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes9=8932|seats9=0|sc9=New
|party21=Independents|votes21=1099169|seats21=16|sc21=–6
|total_sc=+8
|invalid=1759342
|electorate=10002447
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3382-rajasthan-1967/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Tripura===
{{Main|1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Performance of the political parties in this election
! Party
! Seats contested
! Seats won
! No. of votes
! % of votes
! 1963 Seats
|-
| [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
| 5
| 0
| 1,506
| 0.35%
| ''No data available''
|-
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| 7
| 1
| 34,562
| 7.97%
| ''No data available''
|-
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| 16
| 2
| 93,739
| 21.61%
| ''No data available''
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 30
| 27
| 251,345
| 57.95%
| ''No data available''
|-
| [[Sanghata Socialist Party]]
| 1
| 0
| 83
| 0.02%
| ''No data available''
|-
| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
| 28
| 0
| 52,457
| 12.10%
| ''No data available''
|-
! Total
! 87
! 30
! 433,692
!
!
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3302-tripura-1967/|title=1967 Tripura Election result}}</ref>

===Uttar Pradesh===
{{Main|1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:UP LA 1967.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=6912104|sw1={{decrease}}4.13%|seats1=199|sc1={{decrease}}50
|party2=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes2=4651738|sw2={{increase}}5.21%|seats2=98|sc2={{increase}}49
|party3=[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]|votes3=2140924|sw3={{increase}}7.41%|seats3=44|sc3={{increase}}20
|party4=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes4=692942|sw4={{decrease}}1.85%|seats4=13|sc4={{decrease}}1
|party5=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes5=1016284|sw5={{increase}}0.13%|seats5=12|sc5={{decrease}}3
|party6=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes6=878738|sw6={{decrease}}7.43%|seats6=11|sc6={{decrease}}27
|party7=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes7=889010|sw7={{increase}}0.40%|seats7=10|sc7={{increase}}2
|party8=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes8=272565|sw8=''new party''|seats8=1|sc8=''new party''
|party9=[[Independent politician|Independents]]|votes9=4013661|sw9={{increase}}5.99%|seats9=37|sc9={{increase}}6
|total_sc={{decrease}}5
|valid=21467966
|invalid=1521785
|electorate=42148100
}}

===[[West Bengal]]===
{{Main|1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 1967<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |archive-date=27 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127180235/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf}}</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of candidates 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of elected 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||280||127||5,207,930||41.13%||{{decrease}} 30
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||135||43||2,293,026||18.11%||{{increase}} 43
|-
| {{party color cell|Bangla Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Bangla Congress]]||80||34||1,286,028||10.16%||{{increase}} 34
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||62||16||827,196||6.53%||{{decrease}} 34
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|align="left"|[[All India Forward Bloc]]||42||13||561,148||4.43%||{{nochange}}
|-
|
|align="left"|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]||26||7||269,234||2.13%||{{increase}} 7
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Praja Socialist Party]]||26||7||238,694||1.88%||{{increase}} 2
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|align="left"|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]||16||6||238,694||2.14%||{{increase}} 2
|-
| {{party color cell|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
|align="left"|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India]]||8||4||238,694||0.72%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Marxist Forward Bloc}}
|align="left"|[[Marxist Forward Bloc]]||58||1||167,934||1.33%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]||58||1||167,934||1.33%||{{decrease}} 8
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]||58||1||167,934||1.33%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|align="left"|[[Swatantra Party]]||21||1||102,576||0.81%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||327||31||1,708,011||13.49%||{{increase}} 20
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||'''1058'''||'''280'''||'''12,663,030'''||||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://eci.nic.in Election Commission of India]

{{Indian elections}}
{{Legislatures of India}}

[[Category:1967 elections in India]]
[[Category:1967 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1967 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election

2026-02-21T07:35:05Z

Bruce06828:

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
[[File:Lok Sabha constituencies of India.png|thumbnail|400px|Lok Sabha constituencies of India]][[United Progressive Alliance]] was an Indian political party coalition led by [[Indian National Congress]].

== Seat sharing summary ==
For the [[2019 Indian general election]], the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]'s is an alliance led by [[Indian National Congress]] with following parties:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Constituents of the United Progressive Alliance (Pre-poll Alliance)
! style="background:#9cf;"|#
! style="background:#9cf;"|Party
! style="background:#9cf;"|Alliance in states
! style="background:#9cf;"|Seats sharing
! style="background:#9cf;"|References
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| All States and UTs
| align=right|421
| align=center|<ref name="Cong">{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/decision-2019-congress-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-elections-5640200/ | title=Indian National Congress : Candidate List for Lok Sabha 2019 | date=24 March 2019 | publisher=IndianExpress | accessdate=30 March 2019 }}</ref><ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML"/><ref name="INC-NCP"/><ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)"/><ref name="INC-JD(S)"/><ref name="INC-JAP-AD"/><ref name="INC-JMM-JVM-RJD"/><ref name="INC-NCP-SP-BVA-YSP"/><ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala"/><ref name="INC-NC"/><ref name="INC-ZPM-Independant">{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-six-candidates-to-fight-for-lone-mizoram-constituency/story-LAVwTQKuvOvQcZ9NIENrSO.html | title=Congress, ZPM supports Independent candidate in Mizoram for LS poll | work=HindustanTimes | date=26 March 2019 | accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| align=right|20
| align=center|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/dmk-to-contest-in-20-lok-sabha-seats-allies-given-20/article26436816.ece | title=DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML forge alliance in Tamil Nadu | work=Staff Reporter |date=5 March 2019 |accessdate=30 March 2019| agency=The Hindu }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]]
| style="text-align:right;"|20
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)">{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/rjd-contest-19-seats-congress-9-tejashwi-yadav-bihar-mahagathbandhan-seat-sharing-1489223-2019-03-29|title= Bihar: Mahagathbandhan declares allocation of seats | publisher=IndianExpress |date=29 March 2019 | accessdate=30 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align:right;"|19
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-NCP">{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/maharashtra-cong-to-contest-24-seats-ncp-20-5639165/|title=Maharashtra: Congress to contest 24 seats, NCP 20| publisher=IndianExpress | accessdate=30 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| align=right|7
| align=center|<ref name="INC-JD(S)">{{cite news | url=https://www.ndtv.com/karnataka-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-in-congress-jds-joint-rally-move-to-pacify-party-workers-on-seat-sharing-2015338|title=Karnataka: Congress-JDS Joint Rally| publisher=NDTV | date=20 March 2019 | accessdate=30 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| [[Bihar]]
| align=right|5
| align=center|<ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)"/>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]]
| style="text-align:right;"|5
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-JMM-JVM-RJD">{{cite news | url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/jharkhand-grand-alliance-congress-to-contest-in-7-seats-jmm-gets-4-and-jvm-2-for-lok-sabha-polls/story/330653.html | title=Jharkhand grand alliance: Congress to contest in 7 seats, JMM gets 4 and JVM 2 for Lok Sabha polls | work=Business Today | accessdate=30 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
| [[Bihar]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| [[Bihar]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala">{{cite news | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lok-sabha-polls-2019-full-list-congress-led-udfs-candidates-kerala-98705 | title=Congress-UDF candidates list in Kerala | work=TNM Staff| date=21 March 2019 | agency=The News Minute | accessdate=30 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Jan adhikar party]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-JAP-AD">{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/congress-leaves-7-seats-for-sp-bsp-rld-in-up-forges-alliance-with-jap-mahan-dal/articleshow/68451234.cms| title=Congress forges alliance with JAP, Mahan Dal in UP leaves 7 seats to SP,BSP uncontested | work=EconomicTimes | date=20 March 2019 | accessdate=30 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
| style="text-align:right;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|16
| [[Swabhimani Paksha]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align:right;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-NCP-SP-BVA-YSP">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-sharad-pawar-announce-seat-sharing-pact-in-maharashtra-2011848|title=Congress, Sharad Pawar's NCP Announce Seat-Sharing Pact In Maharashtra|website=NDTV.com|access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|17
| [[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| align=right|1
| align=center|<ref name="INC-NCP-SP-BVA-YSP"/>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|18
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
| [[Bihar]]
| align=right|1
| align=center|<ref name="RJD-INC-RLSP-HAM(S)-VIP-CPI(ML)"/>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|19
| [[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| [[Kerala]]
| align=right|1
| align=center|<ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala"/>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|20
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| [[Kerala]]
| align=right|1
| align=center|<ref name="INC-Allies-Kerala"/>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|21
| [[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|22
| [[Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|23
| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="DMK-Congress-VCK-MDMK-CPI(M)-CPI-IJK-KDMK-IUML" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|24
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (supported by INC in [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]])
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-NC">{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/congress-nc-finalise-alliance-in-jammu-and-kashmir-for-ls-poll/articleshow/68497254.cms | title=Congress, NC finalise alliance in Jammu and Kashmir for LS poll | work=EconomicTimes | date=20 March 2019 | accessdate=30 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|25
| [[Navaneet Kaur]] ([[Independent politician|Independent candidate]] supported by INC in [[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amravati]])
| [[Maharashtra]]
| align=right|1
| align=center|<ref name="INC-NCP-SP-BVA-YSP"/>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|26
| [[Lalnghinglova Hmar]] ([[Independent politician|Independent candidate]] supported by INC in [[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram]])
| [[Mizoram]]
| align=right|1
| align=center|
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|27
| [[Surendra Kumar Gupta]] ([[Independent politician|Independent candidate]] supported by INC in [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]])
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="INC-JAP-AD" />
|-
! style="background-color:#99CCFF" colspan="3"| Total UPA Candidates
! colspan="2" |532
|}

For the '''[[2019 Indian general election]], the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]'s candidates for the ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|constituencies]]''' are as follows.

== Andhra Pradesh ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (25)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-announces-candidates-for-lok-sabha-assembly-polls-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/68514454.cms|title=Congress announces candidates for Lok Sabha, assembly polls in Andhra Pradesh|date=March 21, 2019|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-

| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Araku (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araku]]
| ST
| V. Shruti Devi
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srikakulam]]
| None
| Dola Jaganmohan Rao
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vizianagaram]]
| None
| Yedla Adiraju
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]]
| None
| Ramana Kumari Pedada
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]]
| None
| Sreeram Murthy
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]]
| None
| [[M. M. Pallam Raju]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Amalapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
| SC
| Janga Gowtham
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajahmundry]]
| None
| Nalluri Vijaya Srinivasa Rao
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Narasapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Naraspur]]
| None
| [[Kanumuri Bapi Raju]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]]
| None
| Jetti Gurunadha Rao
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam]]
| None
| Golu Krishna
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]]
| None
| Naraharasetti Narasimha Rao
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guntur]]
| None
| [[Mastan Vali|Shaik Mastan Vali]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| [[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]]
| None
| Pakkala Suribabu
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| [[Bapatla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]]
| SC
| [[Jesudasu Seelam]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
| [[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]]
| None
| Dr. SDJM Prasad
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
| [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
| None
| J Lakshmi Narasimha Yadav
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
| [[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]]
| None
| [[Ahmed Ali Khan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| [[Anantapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantapur]]
| None
| Kuncham Rajeev Reddy
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
| [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
| None
| K. T. Sreedhar
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
| [[Kadapa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kadapa]]
| None
| Gundlakunta Sreeramulu
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
| [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]]
| None
| Chevura Devkumar Reddy
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
| [[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]]
| SC
| [[Chinta Mohan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
| [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]]
| None
| Mohd. Shahjahan Basha
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
| [[Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
| SC
| Cheemala Rangappa
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Arunachal Pradesh ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bjp-set-to-put-up-stiff-challenge-to-congress-in-2-arunachal-119032600685_1.html|title=BJP set to put up stiff challenge to Congress in 2 Arunachal|agency=Press Trust of India|date=26 March 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West]]
| None
| [[Nabam Tuki]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]
| None
|[[James Lowangcha Wanglat|James Lowangcha Wanglet]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Assam ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (14)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-congress-names-4-more-nominees/articleshow/68491853.cms|title=Assam Congress names 4 more nominees |date=March 20, 2019|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-election-2019-candidate-list-for-assam/articleshow/68618139.cms |title=Lok Sabha Election 2019 Candidate List for Assam | Business Insider India |access-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329101524/https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-election-2019-candidate-list-for-assam/articleshow/68618139.cms |archive-date=29 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
| SC
|[[Swarup Das]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Silchar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Silchar]]
| None
| [[Sushmita Dev]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Autonomous District (Lok Sabha constituency)|Autonomous District]]
| ST
| [[Biren Singh Engti]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhubri]]
| None
|[[Abu Taher Ali Bepari]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar]]
| ST
|[[Sabda Ram Rabha]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]]
| None
|[[Abdul Khaleque (Assamese politician)|Abdul Khaleque]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati]]
| None
|[[Bobbeeta Sharma]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]]
| None
| [[Bhubaneswar Kalita]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur]]
| None
|[[MGVK Bhanu]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Nowgong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nowgong]]
| None
| [[Pradyut Bordoloi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]]
| None
| [[Gaurav Gogoi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]]
| None
|[[Sushanta Borgohain]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]]
| None
| [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]]
| None
|[[Anil Borgohain]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Bihar ==
[[File:Bihar MGB Seat Sharing 2019.png|thumb|264x264px|Bihar UPA]]{{legend2|#008000|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (19)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (9)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#999966|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party|RLSP]] (5)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#0000FF|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha|HAM]](3)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFF00|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party|VIP]] (3)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPI (M-L)]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" id="Bihar"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valmiki Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shashwat Kedar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Paschim Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Paschim Champaran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Brajesh Kumar Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}} |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purvi Champaran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Akash Kumar Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}} |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Sheohar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sheohar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Syed Faisal Ali]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Arjun Rai (Indian politician)|Arjun Rai]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Badrinath Purve]]
|bgcolor={{Background color|#FFFF00|}} |
|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Gulab Yadav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Supaul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Supaul]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ranjeet Ranjan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sarfaraz Alam]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mohammad Jawed]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Uday Singh]] aka Pappu Singh
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sharad Yadav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Abdul Bari Siddiqui]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rajbhushan Choudhary Nishad]]
|bgcolor={{Background color|#FFFF00|}} |
|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Surinder Ram]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siwan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Hena Shahab]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Maharajganj (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Randhir Singh (Rashtriya Janata Dal politician)|Randhir Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Saran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Chandrika Rai]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Shrichandra Ram]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}} |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ashok Kumar (Rosera politician)|Dr. Ashok Kumar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Tanveer Hasan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Khagaria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mukesh Sahni]]
|bgcolor={{Background color|#FFFF00|}} |
|[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|[[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bulo Mandal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
|[[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
|[[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Neelam Devi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|29
|[[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ashok Kumar Azad Chandravanshi]]
|bgcolor={{Background color|#0000FF|}} |
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|30
|[[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shatrughan Sinha]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|31
|[[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Misa Bharti]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|32
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Raju Yadav
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}} |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|Communist Party of India (M-L)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|33
|[[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jagdanand Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|34
|[[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Meira Kumar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|35
|[[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}} |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|36
|[[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Surendra Yadav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|37
|[[Aurangabad (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Upendra Prasad]]
|bgcolor={{Background color|#0000FF|}} |
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|38
|[[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Jeetan Ram Manjhi|Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
|bgcolor={{Background color|#0000FF|}} |
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|39
|[[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Vibha Devi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|40
|[[Jamui (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamui]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Bhudeo Choudhary]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}} |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Chhattisgarh ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (11)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/2019-lok-sabha-polls-congress-announces-candidates-for-five-reserved-seats-in-chhattisgarh/article26559388.ece|title=2019 Lok Sabha polls: Congress announces candidates for five reserved seats in Chhattisgarh|newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="ndtv_2012747">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-congress-releases-11th-list-of-election-candidates-2012747|title=Congress Releases 11th List Of Election Candidates|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Sarguja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sarguja]]
| ST
|[[Khelsai Singh|Khel Sai Singh]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]]
| ST
|[[Laljeet Singh Rathia]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Janjgir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir]]
| SC
|[[Ravi Bhardwaj]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Korba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Korba]]
| None
|[[Jyotsna Mahant]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]]
| None
|Atal Shrivastav
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]]
| None
|Bholaram Sahu
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]]
| None
|[[Pratima Chandrakar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]
| None
|[[Pramod Dubey]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]]
| None
|[[Dhanendra Sahu]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
| ST
|[[Deepak Baij]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Kanker (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanker]]
| ST
|[[Biresh Thakur]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Goa ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chodankar-ex-cm-sardinha-cong-nominees-from-two-goa-seats-119032501141_1.html|title=Chodankar, ex-CM Sardinha Cong nominees from two Goa seats|agency=Press Trust of India|date=25 March 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]]
| SC
|[[Girish Chodankar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]]
| None
|[[Francisco Sardinha]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|}

== Gujarat ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (26)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate <ref name="ndtv_2012747"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/congress-releases-2-more-names-for-gujarat/article26646318.ece|title=Congress releases 2 more names for Gujarat|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/2019-lok-sabha-elections-sonia-rahul-in-first-list-of-congress-candidates/article26459425.ece|title=Congress first list for U.P., Gujarat out|newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Kachchh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kachchh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Naresh N. Maheshwari]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Banaskantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banaskantha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Parthi Bhatol]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jagdish Thakor]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Mahesana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahesana]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[A J Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rajendra Thakor]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[C. J. Chavada]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Ahmedabad East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad East]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Geetaben Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Ahmedabad West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad West]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Raj Parmar|Raju Parmar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Surendranagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surendranagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Somabhai Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Rajkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajkot]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Lalit Kagathara]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Porbandar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Porbandar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Lalit Vasoya]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Jamnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamnagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| [[Murubhai Kandoriya|Murubhai Kandoriya Ahir]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Junagadh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Junagadh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Punjabhai Vansh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Amreli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amreli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Bhavnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhavnagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Manhar Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Anand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anand]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bharatsinh Solanki]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Kheda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheda]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bimal Shah]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Panchmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panchmahal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[V K Khant]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Dahod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dahod]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Babubhai Katara]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vadodara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Prashant Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Chhota Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhota Udaipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Ranjit Mohansinh Rathwa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Bharuch (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharuch]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sherkhan Abdul Shakur Pathan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Bardoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardoli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Tushar Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ashok Adhevada]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Navsari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Navsari]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Dharmesh Bhimbhai Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|[[Valsad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Valsad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Jitu Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Haryana ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (10)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Selja Kumari]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nirmal Singh (Haryana)]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Ashok Tanwar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Hissar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hissar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Bhavya Bishnoi
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karnal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Kuldeep Sharma (politician)|Kuldeep Sharma]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sonipat]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani–Mahendragarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shruti Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ajay Singh Yadav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Avtar Singh Bhadana]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Himachal Pradesh ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (4)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pawan Kajal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ashray Sharma]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ram Lal Thakur]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
| [[Dhani Ram Shandil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Jammu and Kashmir ==
[[File:Jammu & Kashmir UPA Seat Sharing.png|thumb|Jammu & Kashmir UPA]]

{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (5)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#808080|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Baramulla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramulla]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| style="text-align:center;"|Haji Farooq Mir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Farooq Abdullah]]
| style="background:grey;"|
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (supported by [[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ghulam Ahmad Mir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019 29 April 2019 6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| style="text-align:center;"|Rigzin Spalbar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Vikramaditya Singh (politician, born 1964)|Vikramaditya Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Raman Bhalla]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Jharkhand ==
[[File:Jharkhand NDA Seat Sharing 2019.png|thumb|232x232px|Jharkhand UPA]]{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (7)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CC3333|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (4)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#006B3C|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|JVM]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#008000|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No. !! style="width:180px;" |Constituency !! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1|| [[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST ||[[Vijay Hansdak]]
| bgcolor=#CC3333 |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 19 May 2019 || {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2 || [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]] || style="text-align:center;"|ST ||[[Shibu Soren]]
| bgcolor=#CC3333 |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 19 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3 || [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Pradeep Yadav (Indian politician)|Pradeep Yadav]]|| bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}" |
|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 19 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4 || [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||Manoj Kumar Yadav|| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 29 April 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5 || [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Babulal Marandi]]|| bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}" |
|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 6 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6 || [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Jagarnath Mahto]]
| bgcolor=#CC3333 |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 12 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7 || [[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Kirti Azad]]|| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 12 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8 || [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Subodh Kant Sahay]] ||bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 6 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9 || [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Champai Soren]]
| bgcolor=#CC3333 |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 12 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10 || [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] || style="text-align:center;"|ST ||[[Geeta Koda]] ||bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 12 May 2019 || {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11 || [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]] || style="text-align:center;"|ST ||[[Kali Charan Munda]]|| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 6 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12 || [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] || style="text-align:center;"|ST ||[[Sukhdeo Bhagat]] ||bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 29 April 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13 || [[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]] || style="text-align:center;"|SC ||[[Ghuran Ram ]]||bgcolor={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 29 April 2019 || {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14 || [[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]] || style="text-align:center;"|None ||[[Gopal Sahu]]|| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]|| style="text-align:center;"| 6 May 2019 || {{Lost}}
|}

== Karnataka ==
[[File:Karnataka INC+JD(S) Seat Sharing.png|thumb|265x265px|Karnataka UPA]]{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (21)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#008000|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (7)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/DeccanHerald/status/1110403754237415424/photo/1|title=The list of candidates from various constituencies in #Karnataka for the April 18 #LokSabhaElections2019 in the statepic.twitter.com/TQcfeuJLlX|date=25 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-congress-names-candidates-for-18-seats-in-karnataka/story-tmFQX5sm5BzEcm19FmOxJI.html|title=Lok Sabha elections 2019: Congress names candidates for 18 seats in Karnataka|date=24 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Prakash Babanna Hukkeri]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Belagavi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belagavi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Virupakshi S Sadhunavar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Veena Kashappanavar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Sunitha Devanand Chavan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalaburagi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[B. V. Nayak]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Eshwara Khandre]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rajashekar Hitnal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[V. S. Ugrappa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Haveri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haveri]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[D. R. Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Dharwad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Vinay Kulkarni]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uttara Kannada]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Anand Asnotikar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Davangere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davanagere]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[H. B. Manjappa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Shimoga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimoga]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Madhu Bangarappa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Udupi Chikmagalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pramod Madhwaraj]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Prajwal Revanna]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dakshina Kannada]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mithun Rai]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Chitradurga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chitradurga]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Tumkur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tumkur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Mandya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandya]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nikhil Gowda]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}} |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Mysore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mysore]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Chamarajanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chamarajanagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[R. Dhruvanarayana]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Bangalore Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Rural]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[D. K. Suresh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Krishna Byre Gowda]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Central]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rizwan Arshad]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|[[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[B. K. Hariprasad]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
|[[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Veerappa Moily]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
|[[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[K. H. Muniyappa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Kerala ==
[[File:Kerala UPA Seat Sharing.png|thumb|287x287px|Kerala UPA]]
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (16)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#008000|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CC9900|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lok-sabha-polls-2019-full-list-congress-led-udfs-candidates-kerala-98705 |title=Lok Sabha polls 2019: Full list of Congress-led UDF's candidates in Kerala |publisher=The News Minute |date=2019-03-21 |accessdate=2019-06-09}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
! Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| None
|[[Rajmohan Unnithan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
| None
| [[K. Sudhakaran]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]]
| None
| [[K. Muraleedharan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Wayanad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wayanad]]
| None
|'''[[Rahul Gandhi]]'''
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
| None
| [[M. K. Raghavan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]]
| None
| [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} |
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]]
| None
| [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}} |
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palakkad]]
| None
|[[V.K Sreekandan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]]
| SC
|[[Remya Haridas]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Trichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thrissur]]
| None
| [[T. N. Prathapan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chalakudy]]
| None
| [[Benny Behanan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| None
| [[Hibi Eden]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]]
| None
|[[Dean Kuriakose]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| [[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]]
| None
|[[Thomas Chazhikadan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Kerala Congress}} |
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| [[Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alappuzha]]
| None
| [[Shanimol Usman]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
| [[Mavelikara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikara]]
| SC
| [[Kodikunnil Suresh]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
| [[Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pathanamthitta]]
| None
| [[Anto Antony]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
| [[Quilon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
| None
| [[N. K. Premachandran]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}} |
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| [[Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Attingal]]
| None
| [[Adoor Prakash]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
| [[Trivandrum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| None
| [[Shashi Tharoor]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|}

== Madhya Pradesh ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (29)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/congress-madhya-pradesh-digvijay-singh-bhopal-mp-list-1485275-2019-03-24|title=Congress releases first list of 9 candidates in Madhya Pradesh, fields Digvijaya Singh from Bhopal|agency=Press Trust of India |date=March 24, 2019 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ramnivas Rawat]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Bhind (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhind]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Devasish Jararia]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ashok Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Ashok Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Sagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Prabhu Singh Thakur]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Tikamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tikamgarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Kiran Ahirwar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pratap Singh Lodhi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Kavita Singh (United Progressive Alliance politician)|Kavita Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Raja Ram Tripathi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Rewa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rewa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Siddharth Tiwari]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Sidhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sidhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ajay Arjun Singh|Ajay Singh Rahul]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Shahdol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahdol]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Pramila Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Jabalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jabalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Vivek Tankha]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Mandla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandla]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Kamal Maravi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Balaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balaghat]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Madhu Bhagat]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nakul Nath]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shailendra Diwan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
| [[Shailendra Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Digvijaya Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}

|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Rajgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajgarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Mona Sustani
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dewas]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Prahlad Tipaniya]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Babulal Malviya]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsaur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Meenakshi Natarajan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Kantilal Bhuria]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Dinesh Girwal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|[[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Pankaj Sanghvi
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
|[[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khargone]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Govind Muzaalda]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
|[[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Arun Yadav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|29
|[[Betul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Ramu Tekam]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Maharashtra ==
[[File:Maharashtra UPA Seat Sharing Modified.png|alt=|thumb|315x315px|Maharashtra UPA]]
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (25)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#00B2B2|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (19)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#7F00FF|[[Swabhimani Paksha|SWP]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#800080|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi|BVA]](1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFF00|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/maharashtra/147-candidates-in-fray-for-first-phase-of-polling-in-maha/articleshow/68601808.cms|title=147 candidates in fray for first phase of polling in Maha|date=27 March 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Nandurbar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandurbar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[K. C. Padavi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Kunal Rohidas Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Gulabrao Deokar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Raver (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raver]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Dr. Ulhas Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rajendra Shingne|Rajendra Shingane]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Hidayat Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amravati]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Navaneet Kaur]]
| style="background:#ff0;"|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wardha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Charulata Tokas]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramtek]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Kishor Uttamrao Gajbhiye]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nanabhau Patole|Nana Patole]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Bhandara–Gondiya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhandara–Gondia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nana Panchbudhe]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Gadchiroli–Chimur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gadchiroli–Chimur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Namdev Usendi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Chandrapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandrapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Suresh Dhanorkar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Yavatmal–Washim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Yavatmal–Washim]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Manikrao Thakare]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Subhash Wankhede]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ashok Chavan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rajesh Vitekar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Vilas Keshavrao Autade]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Subhash Zambad]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Dindori (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindori]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Dhanraj Mahal]]e
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Nashik (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nashik]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sameer Bhujbal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Baliram Sukur Jadhav]]
| style="background:purple;"|
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Bhiwandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwandi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Suresh Kashinath Taware]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Kalyan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalyan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Babaji Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Thane (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thane]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Anand Paranjpe]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|[[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Urmila Matondkar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
|[[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North West]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sanjay Nirupam]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
|[[Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North East]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sanjay Dina Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|29
|[[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Priya Dutt]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|30
|[[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South Central]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Eknath Gaikwad]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|31
|[[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Milind Murli Deora]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|32
|[[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sunil Tatkare]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|33
|[[Maval (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maval]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Parth Pawar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|34
|[[Pune (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pune]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mohan Joshi (politician)|Mohan Joshi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|35
|[[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Supriya Sule]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|36
|[[Shirur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Amol Kolhe|Dr. Amol Kolhe]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|37
|[[Ahmednagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmednagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sangram Arun Jagtap]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|38
|[[Shirdi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shirdi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Bhausaheb Kamble]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|39
|[[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bajrang Sonawale]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|40
|[[Osmanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Osmanabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ranajagjitsinha Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|41
|[[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Machhlindra Kamat]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|42
|[[Solapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Solapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|43
|[[Madha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sanjay Shinde]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|44
|[[Sangli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Vishal Patil
| style="background:#7f00ff;"|
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|45
|[[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|46
|[[Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Navinchandra Bandivadekar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|47
|[[Kolhapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolhapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Dhananjay Mahadik]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|48
|[[Hatkanangle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hatkanangle]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Raju Shetti]]
| style="background:#7f00ff;"|
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Manipur ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/congress-fields-two-new-faces-for-manipur-lok-sabha-seats/story-lc3kvD0QI5PVZK248itObM.html|title=Congress fields two new faces for Manipur Lok Sabha seats|date=24 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[O. Nabakishore Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Outer Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Manipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[K. James]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Meghalaya ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/meghalaya/news/nine-candidates-in-fray-for-2-lok-sabha-seats-in-meghalaya/articleshow/68628239.cms|title=Nine candidates in fray for 2 Lok Sabha seats in Meghalaya |date=March 29, 2019|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]]
| None
| [[Vincent Pala]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
| ST
| [[Mukul Sangma]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Mizoram ==
{{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/six-candidates-in-fray-for-lone-lok-sabha-seat-in-mizoram-119032800832_1.html|title=Six candidates in fray for lone Lok Sabha seat in Mizoram|agency=Press Trust of India|date=28 March 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Lalnghinglova Hmar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Nagaland ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/split-in-nagaland-opposition/article26646295.ece|title=Split in Nagaland opposition|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| None
| [[K.L. Chishi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Odisha ==
[[File:Odisha UPA Seat Sharing Proper.png|alt=|thumb|233x233px|Odisha UPA]]
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (18)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#CC3333|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pradeep Kumar Devta]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[George Tirkey]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sarat Patnaik]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Fakir Mohan Naik]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Mayurbhanj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayurbhanj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Anjali Soren]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}} |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balasore]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Navajyoti Patnaik]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Bhadrak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrak]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Madhumita Sethi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Jajpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jajpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Manas Jena]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Samarendra Mishta]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bhakta Charan Das]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Nabarangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nabarangpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Pradeep Majhi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Kandhamal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kandhamal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Manoj Kumar Acharya]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Cuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuttack]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Panchanan Kanungo]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Dharanidhar Naik|Dharanidhar Nayak]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Jagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jagatsinghpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Pratima Mallick]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Puri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puri]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Satya Prakash Nayak]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Janardana Patil]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India}} |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rama Krushna Panda]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/cpi-picks-nominee-for-aska/articleshow/68325495.cms|title=CPI picks nominee for Aska – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=9 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref>
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India}} |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[V. Chandrasekhar Naidu]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Koraput (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koraput]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|}

== Punjab ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (13)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sunil Kumar Jakhar|Sunil Jakhar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Gurjeet Singh Aujla]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Khadoor Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khadoor Sahib]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jasbir Singh Gill]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Santokh Singh Chaudhary]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Rajkumar Chabbewal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Anandpur Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anandpur Sahib]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Manish Tiwari]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ravneet Singh Bittu]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Dr. Amar Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Mohammad Sadique]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Firozpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sher Singh Ghubaya]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Bhatinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bathinda]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Kewal Singh Dhillon]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Preneet Kaur]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{won}}
|}

== Rajasthan ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (25)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Bharat Ram Meghwal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Madangopal Meghwal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rafique Mandelia]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shrawan Kumar (politician)|Shrawan Kumar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Subhash Maharia]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Krishna Poonia]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jyoti Khandelwal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jitendra Singh (Congress politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Abhijit Kumar Jatav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Sanjay Kumar Jatav]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Savita Meena]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Namo Narain Meena]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rijju Jhunjhunuwala]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jyoti Mirdha|Dr. Jyoti Mirdha]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Badri Ram Jakhar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Manvendra Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ratan Dewasi (Desai)|Ratan Dewasi]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Raghuveer Meena]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Tarachand Bhagora]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Gopal Singh Idwa]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Devkinandan Gurjar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rampal Sharma]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ramnarayan Meena]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Jhalawar–Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar–Baran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pramod Sharma]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Sikkim==

{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
|None
|Bharat Basnett
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}

|}

== Tamil Nadu ==
[[File:Tamil Nadu UPA Seat Sharing.png|thumb|251x251px|Tamil Nadu UPA]]
{{legend2|#DD1100|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (20)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (9)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FF0000|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFF00|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#014421|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#996699|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#99FF00|[[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi|KMDK]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#800080|[[Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi|IJK]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvallur]]
| SC
|[[K. Jeyakumar|Dr. K Jayakumar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Chennai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai North]]
| None
|[[Kalanidhi Veerasamy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Chennai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai South]]
| None
|[[Tamilachi Thangapandian]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai Central]]
| None
| [[Dayanidhi Maran]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
| None
| [[T. R. Baalu]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Kancheepuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kancheepuram]]
| SC
|[[G. Selvam|G Selvam]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]]
| None
| [[S. Jagathrakshakan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]]
| None
|[[Kathir Anand]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|9 August 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]]
| None
|[[A. Chellakumar|Dr. A. Chellakumar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri]]
| None
|[[S. Senthilkumar (Dharmapuri politician)|Dr S Senthil Kumar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]]
| None
|[[C N Annadurai (DMK)|C N Annadurai]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Arani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arani]]
| None
|[[M. K. Vishnu Prasad|Dr. M. K. Vishnu Prasad]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Villupuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Villupuram]]
| SC
| [[D. Ravikumar]]
| style="background:#ff0;"|
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kallakurichi]]
| None
|[[Gautam Sigamani]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]]
| None
| S R Parthiban
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
| [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]]
| None
| Chinnraj
| style="background:#9f0;"|
|[[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
| [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode]]
| None
| [[A. Ganesha Murthi]]
| bgcolor="996699"|
| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
| [[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur]]
| None
| [[K. Subbarayan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India}} |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| [[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nilgiris]]
| SC
| [[A Raja]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
| [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]]
| None
| [[P.R. Natarajan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
| [[Pollachi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pollachi]]
| None
|[[K. Shamugasundaram]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
| [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
| None
|[[P. Velusamy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
| [[Karur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karur]]
| None
|[[Jothimani]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
| [[Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchirappalli]]
| None
|[[Su. Thirunavukkarasar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
| [[Perambalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Perambalur]]
| None
| T.R. Pachamuthu(Parivendhar)
| style="background:purple;"|
|[[Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
| [[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddalore]]
| None
| Ramesh
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
| [[Chidambaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chidambaram]]
| SC
| [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
| style="background:#ff0;"|
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
| [[Mayiladuturai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayiladuturai]]
| None
| Ramalingam
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|29
| [[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]]
| SC
| Selvaraj
| bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India}} |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|30
| [[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]]
| None
|[[S. S. Palanimanickam]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|31
| [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
| None
| [[Karti Chidambaram]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|32
| [[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
| None
|[[S. Venkatesan]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|33
| [[Theni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Theni]]
| None
|[[E. V. K. S. Elangovan|EVKS Elangovan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|34
| [[Virudhunagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Virudhunagar]]
| None
|[[Manicka Tagore]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|35
| [[Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramanathapuram]]
| None
|[[Navaskani|K. Navaskani]]
| style="background:#014421;"|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|36
| [[Thoothukudi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thoothukudi]]
| None
| [[Kanimozhi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|37
| [[Tenkasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenkasi]]
| SC
|[[Dhanush M. Kumar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|38
| [[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli]]
| None
|[[S. Gnanathiraviam]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|39
| [[Kanyakumari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanyakumari]]
| None
|[[H. Vasanthakumar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|}

== Telangana ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (17)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]]
| ST
| [[Ramesh Rathod]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Peddapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalli]]
| SC
|[[A Chandrashekhar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]]
| None
| [[Ponnam Prabhakar Goud]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]]
| None
| [[Madhu Goud Yaskhi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Zahirabad]]
| None
| K Madan Mohan Rao
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]]
| None
| Gali Anil Kumar
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]
| None
| [[Revanth Reddy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]]
| None
| [[Anjan Kumar Yadav]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]]
| None
| Firoz Khan
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Chevella (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chevella]]
| None
| [[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Mahbubnagar (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Mahbubnagar]]
| None
| Vamshichand Reddy
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]]
| SC
| [[Mallu Ravi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]]
| None
| [[Nalamada Uttam Kumar Reddy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| [[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhongir]]
| None
| [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]]
| SC
| Dommati Sambaiah
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
| [[Mahabubabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubabad]]
| ST
| [[Balram Naik]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
| [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]]
| None
|[[Renuka Chowdhury|Renuka Chowdhary]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Tripura ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Subal Bhowmick]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Pragya Deb Burman]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Uttar Pradesh ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (67)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFF00|[[Jan Adhikar Party|JAP]] (3)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#DDDDDD|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Imran Masood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Kairana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kairana]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Harendra Singh Malik]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijnor]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nasimuddin Siddiqui]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Nagina (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagina]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Omvati Devi|Omvati Devi Jatav]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[Moradabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Moradabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mohammad Imran Pratapgarhi|Imran Pratapgarhi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sanjay Kapoor (politician)|Sanjay Kapoor]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|[[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambhal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[J P Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|[[Amroha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amroha]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sachin Choudhary (politician)|Sachin Choudhary]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|[[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Harendra Agarwal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|[[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|[[Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghaziabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Dolly Sharma]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|[[Gautam Buddh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Arvind Singh Chauhan|Dr. Arvind Singh Chauhan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|[[Bulandshahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bulandshahr]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Bansi Lal Pahadia]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
|[[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aligarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Choudhary Brijender Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|[[Hathras (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hathras]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Trilokiram Diwakar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
|[[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathura]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mahesh Pathak]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
|[[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Preeta Harit]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|[[Fatehpur Sikri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur Sikri]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Raj Babbar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|[[Firozabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|[[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
|[[Etah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etah]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Suraj Singh Shakya]]
| style="background:#ff0;"|
|[[Jan adhikar party|Jan Adhikar Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
|[[Badaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Badaun]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Saleem Iqbal Shervani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
|[[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sarvraj Singh|Kunwar Sarvaraj Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
|[[Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bareilly]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Praveen Aron]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|[[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Surendra Kumar Gupta]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
|[[Shahjahanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahjahanpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Brahm Swaroop Sagar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
|[[Kheri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheri]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Zafar Ali Naqvi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|29
|[[Dhaurahra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhaurahra]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jitin Prasada|Jitin Prasad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|30
|[[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Kaisar Jahan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|31
|[[Hardoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hardoi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Virendra Kumar Verma]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|32
|[[Misrikh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Misrikh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Manjari Rahi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|33
|[[Unnao (Lok Sabha constituency)|Unnao]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Annu Tandon]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|34
|[[Mohanlalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohanlalganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[R. K. Chaudhary]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|35
|[[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Acharya Pramod Krishnam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|36
|[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sonia Gandhi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|37
|[[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|38
|[[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sanjaya Sinh|Sanjay Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|39
|[[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ratna Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|40
|[[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Salman Khurshid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|41
|[[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Ashok Kumar Doharey]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|42
|[[Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannauj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|43
|[[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur Urban]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sriprakash Jaiswal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|44
|[[Akbarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akbarpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Raja Ram Pal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|45
|[[Jalaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalaun]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Brij Lal Khabri]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|46
|[[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shiv Sharan Singh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|47
|[[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pritam Lodhi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|48
|[[Banda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banda]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bal Kunwar Patel]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|49
|[[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rakesh Sachan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|50
|[[Kaushambi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaushambi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Girish Chand Pasi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|51
|[[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pankaj Niranjan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|52
|[[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Yogesh Shukla]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|53
|[[Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barabanki]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Tanuj Punia]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|54
|[[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faizabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Nirmal Khatri]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|55
|[[Ambedkar Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|56
|[[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Savitri Bai Phule]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|57
|[[Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaiserganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Vinay Kumar Pandey]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|58
|[[Shrawasti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shrawasti]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Dhirender Pratap Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|59
|[[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Krishna Patel]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|60
|[[Domariyaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariyaganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Chandresh Upadhyay]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|61
|[[Basti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basti]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Raj Kishore Singh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|62
|[[Sant Kabir Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bhalchandra Yadava|Bhalchandra Yadav]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|63
|[[Maharajganj (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Supriya Shrinate]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|64
|[[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Gorakhpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Madhusudan Tiwari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|65
|[[Kushi Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kushi Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[R. P. N. Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|66
|[[Deoria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Deoria]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Niaz Ahmed (politician)|Niaz Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|67
|[[Bansgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bansgaon]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|68
|[[Lalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lalganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Pankaj Mohan Sonkar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|69
|[[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|70
|[[Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghosi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Bal Krishna Chauhan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|71
|[[Salempur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salempur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Rajesh Mishra]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|72
|[[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|73
|[[Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaunpur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Devvrata Mishra]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|74
|[[Machhlishahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machhlishahr]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Dr. Amarnath Paswan]]
| style="background:#ff0;"|
|[[Jan adhikar party|Jan Adhikar Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|75
|[[Ghazipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghazipur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ajit Prasad Kushwaha]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|76
|[[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Shivkanya Kushwaha]]
| style="background:#ff0;"|
|[[Jan adhikar party|Jan Adhikar Party]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|77
|[[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ajay Rai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|78
|[[Bhadohi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadohi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ramakant Yadav (politician)|Ramakant Yadav]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|79
|[[Mirzapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mirzapur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Lalitesh Pati Tripathi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|80
|[[Robertsganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Robertsganj]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Bhagwati Prasad Choudhary]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Uttarakhand ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (5)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Pritam Singh (Uttarakhand politician)|Pritam Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|Manish Khanduri
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Pradeep Tamta]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Harish Rawat]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haridwar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ambrish Kumar]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== West Bengal ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (40)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;"|Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;"|Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]]
| SC
|[[Priya Roy Choudhury]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| [[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alipurduars]]
| ST
|[[Mohan Lal Basumuta]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
| SC
|[[Mani Kumar Darnal]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
| [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| None
|[[Shankar Malakar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]]
| None
|[[Deepa Dasmunshi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
| None
|[[Sadik Sarkar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| None
|[[Isha Khan Choudhury|Isha Khan Chowdhury]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
| None
| [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
| None
| [[Abhijit Mukherjee]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10
| [[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]]
| None
| [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|11
| [[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]]
| None
| [[Abu Hena (Indian politician)|Abu Hena]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12
| [[Krishnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
| None
|[[Intaj Ali Shah]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
| SC
|[[Minati Biswas]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]]
| SC
|[[Sourav Prasad]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15
| [[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barrackpur]]
| None
|[[Mohammad Alam (politician)|Mohammad Alam]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16
| [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
| None
|[[Saurav Saha]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17
| [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| None
|[[Subrota (Rashu) Dutta]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18
| [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
| None
|[[Abdur Rahim Quazi]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| [[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaynagar]]
| SC
|[[Tapan Mondal]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20
| [[Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathurapur]]
| SC
|[[Krittibas Sardar]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|21
| [[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]]
| None
|[[Soumya Aich Roy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|22
| [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
| None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| 19 May 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|23
| [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
| None
|[[Mita Chakraborty]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|24
| [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
| None
|[[Syed Shahid Imam]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|25
| [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]]
| None
|[[Suvra Ghosh]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|26
| [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]]
| None
|[[Shoma Ranisree Roy]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|27
| [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sreerampur]]
| None
|[[Debabrata Biswas (politician)|Debabrata Biswas]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|28
| [[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]]
| None
|[[Pratul Saha]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|29
| [[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambag]]
| SC
|[[Jyoti Das]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|6 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|30
| [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| None
|[[Lakshman Chandra Seth]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|31
| [[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
| None
|[[Dipak Kumar Das]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|32
| [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| None
|[[Khandakar Mohammad Saifullah]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|33
| [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| ST
|[[Jagyeswar Hembram]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|34
| [[Midnapore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medinipur]]
| None
|[[Sambhunath Chatterjee]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|35
| [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
| None
|[[Nepal Mahato]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|36
| [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
|None
! colspan="3" |'''DNF'''
| 12 May 2019
! style="text-align:center;"|DNF
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|37
| [[Vishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]]
| SC
|[[Narayan Chandra Khan]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|38
| [[Burdwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
| SC
|[[Siddhartha Majumder]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|39
| [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
| None
|[[Ranajit Mukherjee]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|40
| [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
| None
|[[Biswarup Mondal]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|41
| [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| SC
|[[Abhijit Saha]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|42
| [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
| None
|[[Imam Hossain (politician)|Imam Hossain]]
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|29 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1) ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;" |Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| None
|[[Kuldeep Rai Sharma]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|11 April 2019
| {{won}}
|}

==Chandigarh (1)==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;" |Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandigarh]]
| None
|[[Pawan Kumar Bansal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1) ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ST
|[[Prabhu Ratnabhai Tokiya]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== Daman and Diu (1) ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Daman and Diu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Daman and Diu]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ketan Patel (politician)|Ketan Patel]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|23 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Lakshadweep (1)==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

''Note: UPA member [[Nationalist Congress Party]] won, although there was no pre-poll alliance.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;" |Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Lakshadweep (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakshadweep]]
| ST
|[[Muhammed Hamdulla Sayeed]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|11 April 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

== NCT of Delhi (7) ==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (7)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
!Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Poll On
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Jai Parkash Aggarwal]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Sheila Dikshit]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3
|[[East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|East Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Arvinder Singh Lovely]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Ajay Maken]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|[[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North West Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|SC
|[[Rajesh Lilothia]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|[[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Mahabal Mishra]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|[[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|None
|[[Vijender Singh]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 2019
| {{Lost}}
|}

==Puducherry (1)==
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituency No.
! style="width:180px;" |Constituency
! Reserved for
([[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]]/None)
! style="width:200px;" |Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Poll On
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry]]
| None
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|18 April 2019
| {{won}}
|}

==See also==
{{Lists of United Progressive Alliance candidates in Indian general elections}}
* [[List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election]]
* [[List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general election]]
* [[Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian general election, 2019}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{United Progressive Alliance |state=collapsed}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Lok Sabha]]|before=[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election|2014]]|after=[[List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election|2024]]|years='''2019'''|}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the Indian general election, 2019}}
[[Category:Candidates in the 2019 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian political candidates]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election| ]]

West Godavari district

2026-02-20T09:52:17Z

Bruce06828: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = West Godavari district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Bhimavaram Paddy Fields.JPG
|photo1b = A.P. VIllage Rachuru.jpg
|photo2a = SomeswaraSwamy-5.JPG
|photo2b = KsheeraRamaLingeswaraSwamy-10.JPG
|photo3a = Godavari river near Achanta.jpg
}}
| image_alt = A collage of images related to West Godavari District
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: Paddy fields near [[Bhimavaram]], Rachuru village, Ramalingeshwaraswamy Temple in [[Ksheerarama]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]] at [[Achanta]], [[Somarama|Someshwara Swamy Temple]]
| image_map = West Godavari in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of West Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|16.543|81.523|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Coastal Andhra]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1925
| established_title1 = Restructured
| established_date1 = 4 April 2022
| established_title2 = Restructured
| established_date2 = 16 February 2023
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bhimavaram]]
| parts_type = [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|Mandals]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|20]]
| area_total_km2 = 2178
| area_footnotes = <ref name="district-home"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1779935
| population_footnotes = <ref name="district-home"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 998
| leader_title = [[District magistrate (India)|District collector]]
| leader_name = C. Nagarani, {{Small|I.A.S}}<ref>{{Cite web | title=West Godavari District, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} A Rice Bowl of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India | url=https://westgodavari.ap.gov.in/ | access-date=2025-08-17 | website=westgodavari.ap.gov.in}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Narsapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narsapuram]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma]]
| leader_title3 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|07]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534201<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Andhra-pradesh/West-godavari/ Pincode List]. ''indiapincodes.net''.</ref>
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP-37 (former)]] AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = NH-16, NH-165, NH-216, NH-216A, NH-365BB, NH-516D, NH-516E
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://westgodavari.ap.gov.in/}}
| population_urban = 468,924
| total_type = Total
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 8
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| map_caption1 = Interactive map outlining district
}}

'''West Godavari district''' is a coastal district in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] with an administrative headquarters in [[Bhimavaram]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} West Godavari District, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://westgodavari.ap.gov.in/history/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is bounded by the [[Krishna district|Krishna district and Bay of Bengal]] to the south, [[East Godavari district]] to the east, and [[Eluru district]], Kolleru Lake and Upputeru Drain to the northwest.

== History ==
The [[Eastern Chalukyas]] ruled coastal Andhra Pradesh from 700 to 1200 CE, with their capital in Vengi. Historical evidence of their rule has been found in the nearby villages of Pedavegi and Guntupalli (Jilakarragudem). Eluru then became a part of the [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] Empire until 1471 CE before the conquest by the [[Gajapati Empire]]. In 1515 CE, Sri [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishna Deva Raya]] captured it. After the fall of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara Kingdom]], it was ruled by the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi Dynasty]]'s Sultans of Golkonda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2908/stories/20120504290811400.htm|title=FOCUS: WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT FORMATION DAY|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref>

During the [[Madras Presidency]] in 1823, the District of [[Rajahmundry]] was created.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/nyapathi-subbarao-carved-an-identity-for-telugus/article6094152.ece|title=Nyapathi Subbarao carved an identity for Telugus|first=B. v s|last=Bhaskar|newspaper=The Hindu |date=8 June 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> It was reorganised in 1859 and bifurcated into the Godavari and [[Krishna district|Krishna]] districts.<ref name=":23">{{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Henry |url=https://archive.org/details/descriptivehisto00morrrich/page/302/mode/2up |title=A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras |date=1878 |publisher=Trübner & Co. |others= |pages=302–304}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite book |last=Hemingway |first=F. R. |url=https://archive.org/details/godavaridistrict01frhe/page/168/mode/2up?q=cocanada |title=Godavari District Gazetteer |date=1915 |publisher= |isbn=978-81-206-1462-8 |volume=1 |page=169}}</ref> [[Kakinada]] became the headquarters of the [[Godavari district]], which was further bifurcated into the [[East Godavari district (1925–2022)|East Godavari]] and West Godavari districts in 1925. [[Eluru]] became the headquarter<ref>{{cite news|title=West Godavari district profile |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/west-godavari-district-profile/article1239278.ece|access-date=9 June 2015|work=The Hindu|date=15 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ellore}}</ref>

Before the formation of mandals, the district was administered through a system of talukas. In 1978, the number of talukas in the West Godavari district increased from 8 to 19. In 1985, the 19 talukas were divided into 46 mandals. The [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act of 2014]], merged two mandals from [[Telangana]] into the West Godavari District for unified governance over the [[Polavaram Project]], increasing the total mandals to 48.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Erstwhile talukas
!S.No.
!Erstwhile Talukas
in 1971
!New Talukas
Formed in 1985
!New Mandals
Formed in 1985
|-
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |Eluru
|Eluru
|Eluru, Pedapadu, Pedavegi,
|-
|Bhimadole [9]
|Bhimadole, Dwaraka Tirumala, Denduluru,
|-
|2
|Chintalapudi
|Chintalapudi
|Chintalapudi, T.Narsapuram, Lingapuram, Kamavarapukota,
|-
|3
|Polavaram
|Polavaram
|Polavaram, Buttayagudem, jeelugumilli, Koyyalagudem [part], Jangareddygudem [part]
|-
| rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |Kovvur
|Kovvur
|Kovvur, Devarapalli, Chagallu, Nidadavole
|-
|Gopalapuram [10]
|Gopalapuram, Tallapudi, Koyyalagudem [part], Jangareddygudem [part],
|-
| rowspan="2" |5
| rowspan="2" |Tadepalligudem
|Tadepalligudem
|Tadepalligudem, Nallajerla, Unguturu [part]
|-
|Ganapavaram [11]
|Ganapavaram, Unguturu [part], Nidamarru, Pentapadu,
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
| rowspan="2" |Tanuku
|Tanuku
|Tanuku, Undrajavaram, Peravali,
|-
|Penumantra [12]
|Penumantra, Penugonda, Atili, Iragavaram,
|-
| rowspan="2" |7
| rowspan="2" |Narsapuram
|Narsapuram
|Narsapuram, Mogalthooru, Yelamanchili,
|-
|Poduru [13]
|Poduru, Palakollu, Achanta,
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |Bhimavaram
|Bhimavaram
|Bhimavaram, Palakoderu, Veeravasaram,
|-
|Akiveedu [14]
|Akiveedu, Undi, Kalla
|}

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=9,19,234|13=1911|14=10,46,050|15=1921|16=11,18,436|17=1931|18=12,98,758|19=1941|20=14,65,111|21=1951|22=16,97,727|23=1961|24=19,78,257|25=1971|26=23,74,306|27=1981|28=28,73,958|29=1991|30=35,17,568|31=2001|32=38,03,517|33=2011|34=39,36,966|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=left}}

As of the [[2011 Census of India]], the West Godavari district has a population of 3,936,966 with 1,091,525 households, which is the 11th most populous district in the state. The district's population is approximately equal to the population of [[Croatia]] and the American state of [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Objavljeni konačni rezultati Popisa 2021. |url=https://dzs.gov.hr/vijesti/objavljeni-konacni-rezultati-popisa-2021/1270 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=template.gov.hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Population Up 5.5% Last Decade |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/oklahoma-population-change-between-census-decade.html |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Census.gov}}</ref>

The district was the 19th largest in terms of area with an area of {{Convert|7742|km2|abbr=on}} and has a population density of {{convert|509|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}, which is the fourth-most densely populated district in the state. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] between 2001–2011 was 3.45%.<ref name="demographicsb" /> West Godavari has a [[sex ratio]] of 1004 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males and stands at the eighth position. It has the highest [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] among all [[Andhra Pradesh]] districts with 26,52,389 (74.63%) literate residents.<ref name="demographicsb" /> 20.6% of the district's population lives in urban areas.<ref name="apedb" />

After the 4 April 2022 bifurcation for a separate Eluru district, [[Bhimavaram]] became the new headquarters of the [[West Godavari]] district.<ref name="sakshi-1">{{Cite web|date=2022-04-03|title=AP: కొత్త జిల్లాల స్వరూపమిదే.. పెద్ద జిల్లా ఏదంటే?|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/area-and-population-new-districts-ap-1446058|access-date=2022-04-03|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref> Ganapavaram mandal was added to West godavari district on 16 February 2023.<ref name="restructure-2023">{{Cite web |date=Feb 16, 2023 |title= No 158: West Godavari district- transfer of Ganapavaram mandal from Eluru revenue division, Eluru district to Bhimavaram revenue division, West Godavari district - final notification |url=https://apegazette.cgg.gov.in/uploadGazette_view?filePath=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2FwZWdhemV0dGUuY2dnLmdvdi5pbi9zZWFyY2hBbGxHYXpldHRlcyIsImlhdCI6MTc3MTU2MTIyOSwic3ViIjoiL1VwbG9hZHMvQVBHQVpFVFRFL2dhemV0dGVzLzE2NzY1NDc4MDcyNjAucGRmIn0.2hb6jGoOu1PRzEnghYZfG6JvhnbaRni3p8q1fvnsnDE |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=AP e-gazette |language=en}}</ref>



== Geography ==
The district occupies an area of {{convert|2178|sqmi|km2|abbr = on}}. The district is bounded by the [[East Godavari district]] on the North, [[Eluru district]] on the Northwest, [[Konaseema district]] on the Southeast, [[Krishna district]] on the Southwest. and [[Bay of Bengal]] on the south. The [[Godavari River]] flows on the east, while the Tammileru River and [[Kolleru Lake]] separate it from the [[Krishna district]] on the west.<ref name="district-home">{{Cite web |title=District home page |url=https://westgodavari.ap.gov.in/ |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=West Godavari district}}</ref><ref name="demographicsb" />{{rp|22}}

=== Rivers and topography ===
West Godavari is a flat region with a slightly slope along the rivers flowing eastward. The three rivers cutting through the district are the [[Godavari]] (after which the district is named), the [[Yerrakaluva]], and the [[Tammileru]]. [[Dowleswaram Barrage|Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage]], Eluru Canal, Vijayarai Anicut, Tammileru, Jalleru, and the Yerrakaluva reservoirs are the major sources of irrigation.<ref name=irrigation>{{cite web|title=Ground Water Brochure, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh (AAP- 2012–13)|url=http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/AP/West%20Godavari.pdf|website=Central Ground Water Board|publisher=Ministry of Water Resources|access-date=10 February 2016|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://irrigation.cgg.gov.in/dp/WestGodavariDistrictProfile.jsp|title=IRRIGATION PROFILE WESTGODAVARI DISTRICT}}</ref>

== Climate ==
The region has a [[tropical]] climate similar to the rest of the [[Coastal Andhra]] region. The summers (March–June) are very hot and dry, while the winters are much cooler. The temperatures in the summers often rise over 40 °C during the day.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} The rainy season (July–December) is considered the best time for tourist visits, as the fields are bright green with paddy crops, rivers are flowing with monsoon water, and climate is relatively cool. There are several large mensions scattered around the Godavari area that once belonged to [[zamindar]]s.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in West Godavari district as of 4th April 2022 based on 2011 census data<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|darkorange|94.47}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christians]]|dodgerblue|3.83}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|1.49}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.21}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

As of 16th February 2023, the population based on 2011 census is 17,79,935. The male population is 8,89,252, while the female population is 8,90,683. <ref name="district-home"/><ref name="demographicsb">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – West Godavari |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/128/download/162/DH_2011_2815_PART_A_DCHB_WEST_GODAVARI.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>{{rp|81–85}}

== Administrative divisions ==
{{See also|List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh}}


The new West Godavari district has three revenue divisions, [[Bhimavaram revenue division|Bhimavaram]], [[Tadepalligudem revenue division|Tadepalligudem]] and [[Narasapuram revenue division|Narasapuram]] . These revenue divisions divide the district into 20 [[Tehsil|mandals]].<ref name="restructure-2023"/> These 20 mandals consists of 318 Revenue villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Map of district |url=https://westgodavari.ap.gov.in/map-of-district/ |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=West Godavari district}}</ref>

{{Div col}}
# [[Bhimavaram revenue division]]
## [[Bhimavaram mandal|Bhimavaram]]
## [[Veeravasaram mandal|Veeravasaram]]
## [[Palacoderu mandal|Palakoderu]]
## [[Kalla mandal|Kalla]]
## [[Undi mandal|Undi]]
## [[Akividu mandal|Akiveedu]]
## [[Ganapavaram mandal|Ganapavaram]]
# [[Narasapuram revenue division]]
## [[Narasapuram mandal|Narasapuram]]
## [[Penugonda mandal|Penugonda]]
## [[Palakollu mandal|Palakollu]]
## [[Poduru mandal|Poduru]]
## [[Achanta mandal|Achanta]]
## [[Yelamanchili mandal|Yelamanchili]]
## [[Mogalthur mandal|Mogalthur]]
## [[Penumantra mandal|Penumantra]]
# [[Tadepalligudem revenue division]]
## [[Tadepalligudem mandal|Tadepalligudem]]
## [[Pentapadu mandal|Pentapadu]]
## [[Attili mandal|Attili]]
## [[Iragavaram]]
## [[Tanuku mandal|Tanuku]]
{{Div end}}

== Cities and towns ==
There are 6 municipalities.<ref name="demographicsb" />{{rp|22–23,54}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Municipal Bodies in West Godavari District
! S.No.
! Municipal Body
! Civic Status of town
! No. of wards
! Municipality Formation Year
! 2011 Census Population
|-
| 1
| [[Bhimavaram]]
| Municipality Grade - Selection
| 39
| 1948
| 1,46,961
|-
| 2
| [[Tadepalligudem]]
| Municipality Grade - Selection
| 40
| 1958
| 1,04,032
|-
| 3
| [[Palakollu]]
| Municipality Grade - 1
| 35
| 1919
| 81,199
|-
| 4
| [[Tanuku]]
| Municipality Grade - 1
| 34
| 1979
| 77,962
|-
| 5
| [[Narasapuram]]
| Municipality Grade - 1
| 31
| 1956
| 58,770
|-
| 6
| [[Akividu|Akiveedu]]
| Nagar Panchayat
| 20
| 2020
| 36,000
|}

=== Constituencies ===
====Parliament Segment====
The district is part of two parliamentary and eight assembly constituencies in the district.<ref>http://ceoandhra.nic.in/Right%20to%20Infn.Act/annex1.htm District-wise Assembly-Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh</ref>
* [[Narasapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency]]

===Assembly segments===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width="50px" style="font-size:75%"|Constituency number
!Name
!style="font-size:75%"|Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
!Parliament
|-
|56
|[[Achanta (Assembly constituency)|Achanta]]
|None
| rowspan="7" |[[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
|-
|57
|[[Palakollu (Assembly constituency)|Palakollu]]
|None
|-
|58
|[[Narasapuram (Assembly constituency)|Narasapuram]]
|None
|-
|59
|[[Bhimavaram (Assembly constituency)|Bhimavaram]]
|None
|-
|60
|[[Undi (Assembly constituency)|Undi]]
|None
|-
|61
|[[Tanuku (Assembly constituency)|Tanuku]]
|None
|-
|62
|[[Tadepalligudem (Assembly constituency)|Tadepalligudem]]
|None
|-
|
|[[Unguturu Assembly constituency|Unguturu (part)]])
|None
|[[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
|}

== Economy ==
The gross district domestic product is {{INRConvert|45963 |c|abbr=on}} and it contributes 8.8% to the [[Gross State Domestic Product of Indian states|gross state domestic product]]. For the FY 2013–14, the [[per capita income]] at current prices was {{INRConvert|86974}}.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

[[Rice|Paddy]], [[banana]], [[sugarcane]], and [[coconut]] are the main agricultural products cultivated in the district. The agriculture sector contributes {{INRConvert|18385|c|abbr=on}}, industries contribute {{INRConvert|7086 |c|abbr=on}}, and services contribute {{INRConvert|20491|c|abbr=on}} to the gross district domestic product.<ref name="apedb">{{cite web|title=Economy of West Godavari District|url=http://apedb.gov.in/about-westgodavari-district.html|website=Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> The major products contributing to the [[gross value added]] of the district from agriculture and allied services are the previously listed agricultural products, as well as [[milk]], [[meat]], and [[fisheries]]. The gross value added to the industrial and service sector is contributed from [[construction]], [[electricity]], [[manufacturing]], unorganised trade, and [[transport]].<ref name="apedb" />

[[Cashew nut]], [[mango]] and [[tobacco]] are other important produce from the district.<ref name="irrigation" /> [[Shrimp]] production is also a main activity along with [[fish farming]].<ref name="aqua">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19920731-farmers-turn-away-from-agriculture-to-fish-farming-in-andhra-pradesh-766618-2013-01-03|title=Farmers turn away from agriculture to fish farming in Andhra Pradesh|last=Mannan|first=M.A|date=3 January 2013|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref> The woolen pile carpet industry in Eluru produces eco-friendly carpets from exported wool.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nagaraja|first1=G|title=Handmade carpet industry in doldrums|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/handmade-carpet-industry-in-doldrums/article5808247.ece|access-date=26 November 2015|work=The Hindu|date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=encyclo>{{cite book|last1=Sajnani|first1=Manohar|title=Encyclopaedia of tourism resources in India|date=2001|publisher=Kalpaz Pub.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7835-018-9|page=66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxtnsT8CdZ4C&q=Eluru&pg=PA66|access-date=26 November 2015}}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Culture & Traditions, Kalavalapalli.jpg|thumb|Culture and traditions at Kalavalapalli village in West Godavari district|223x223px]]
The Vedas, which have oral heritage recognition by [[UNESCO]], are taught at the ''Sri Venkateswara Veda Patasala'' in [[I. Bhimavaram]] village in [[Akividu mandal|Akiveedu mandal]].<ref>{{cite news|title=President inaugurates TTD's veda patasala in A.P.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/president-inaugurates-ttds-veda-patasala-at-i-bhimavaram/article8029047.ece|access-date=14 March 2016|work=The Hindu|date=25 December 2015|location=Akiveedu (West Godavari district)}}</ref> The district is well known for its wool-pile carpets and hand woven products.<ref name=economy>{{cite book|last1=Babu|first1=A. Satish|title=Tourism development in India : a case study|date=2008|publisher=A.P.H.Pub.Corp.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-313-0346-7|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHzoPFggbuMC&q=eluru&pg=PA87|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref>

=== Tourism and landmarks ===
Some of the religious destinations include [[Pancharama Kshetras]] of [[Ksheerarama|Palakollu]] and [[Bhimavaram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-03-08/Fervour-gaiety-mark-Sivaratri-celebrations/212073|title=Someswaralayam in Bhimavaram}}</ref> Other tourist destinations of importance are Perupalem Beach at [[Narasapuram, West Godavari|Narasapuram]], the [[Kolleru Lake]] (the largest fresh water lake in the country and a [[bird sanctuary]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/kolleru-lake-draws-attention-of-global-meet/article8283754.ece|title=Kolleru Lake gets facelift|website=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref>

== Transport ==

=== Roadways ===

The total road length of [[state highway]]s in the district is {{Convert|1229|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DOWNLOADDOCUMENTS/STATE%20SH%20ROADS.pdf|title=Existing State Highways|website=Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920122729/http://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DOWNLOADDOCUMENTS/STATE%20SH%20ROADS.pdf|archive-date=20 September 2018|access-date=11 May 2019}}</ref> The district relies mostly on public transport, such as buses of the [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]. Most of the major national highways, like [[National Highway 216 (India)|NH216]] and [[National Highway 165 (India)|NH165]], pass through towns in the district.

=== Railways ===
The [[South Central Railway]] division of [[Indian Railways]] operates many passenger routes and freight transport through the district. The [[Howrah-Chennai main line]], [[Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line]], and [[Bhimavaram–Narasapuram branch line]]s are the major lines and sections that provide rail connectivity in the district. The [[Kovvur]]-[[Bhadrachalam]] Railway line and [[Kotipalli]]-[[Narasapuram, West Godavari district|Narsapur]] Railway line are the major railway projects in the district.

=== Waterways ===
[[National Waterway 4]] passes through the district and connects [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] with [[Kakinada]] and [[Rajahmundry]] via [[Tadepalligudem]], [[Eluru]]. It has access to the [[Bay of Bengal]] at [[Narsapuram]]. The Andhra Pradesh state government began construction of a fishing harbor in [[Narasapuram|Narsapuram]] in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Siva G.|date=May 31, 2021 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Narsapuram harbour tender call by September {{!}} Visakhapatnam News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/narsapuram-harbour-tender-call-by-september/articleshow/83096422.cms |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
The primary and secondary schools are maintained by the government under the state's School Education Department of the state, supplemented by private institutions.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=7 November 2016|archive-date=7 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107220545/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|website=www.ap.gov.in|access-date=7 November 2016|archive-date=7 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the school information report for the 2015–16 academic year, there are a total of 4,408 schools. They include 19 government, 2,664 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential schools, 1,344 private schools, 3 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 208 municipal schools, and 169 other types of schools.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Information Report|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls|website=Commissionerate of School Education|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=8 November 2016|archive-date=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108154343/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls|url-status=dead}}</ref> The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary, and high schools within the district was 522,793 during the 2015-16 school year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Student Information Report|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/districtStudentReport.do|website=Commissionerate of School Education|publisher=Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh|access-date=8 November 2016|archive-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522011144/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/districtStudentReport.do|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Universities===


* [[Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University]], Venkataramannagudem, Tadepalligudem
* [[National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh|National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem]] (NIT, Tadepalligudem)

== Notable people ==



* [[Brahmaji]], film actor
* [[Chiranjeevi]], film actor, Central Minister
* [[Arvind Krishna]], IBM CEO
* [[Raju Peddada]], industrial and graphic designer
* [[Prabhas]], actor
* [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]], freedom fighter
* [[Krishnam Raju]], film actor, Central Minister
* [[Ramalinga Raju]], founder of Satyam Computer Services
* [[Trivikram Srinivas]], film director
* [[Sunil (actor)]], actor
* [[Krishna Vamsi]], film director
* [[Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma]], Central Minister

== See also ==
* [[List of villages in West Godavari district]]
* [[Gundupillar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:West Godavari district | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=Q15404}}

* [https://westgodavari.ap.gov.in/ West Godavari district official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = West Godavari district
|North = [[East Godavari district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Konaseema district]]
|Southeast =
|South = ''[[Bay of Bengal]]''
|Southwest = [[Eluru district]], [[Krishna district]]
|West =
|Northwest =
}}

{{West Godavari district}}
{{Districts of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Godavari basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:West Godavari district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1925]]

Sargawan

2026-02-07T05:29:01Z

Bruce06828: stub

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sargawan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Sargawan.png
| map_caption = Map showing Sargawan in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.11184|N|78.46137|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.722
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2492
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sargawan''' ({{IAST|Sargawāṃ}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad, although the closest town is actually [[Makkhanpur]] to the northeast. As of 2011, it had a population of 2,492, in 452 households.

== Geography ==
Sargawan is located southeast of Firozabad. It is actually closer to the town of [[Makkhanpur]], which about 2 km to the northeast. The [[tehsil]] boundary runs about 1 km northeast of Sargawan. [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|The old NH 2]] and the main line of the [[Northern Railway Zone|Northern Railway]] both pass about 1 km to the north of Sargawan. To the west-northwest is the village of [[Donkeli]], to the south are [[Sherpur Anandipur]] and [[Kharsoli]], and to the southeast is [[Baramai]]. Directly to the east of Sargawan are two adjoining hamlets called Nagla Kharagjit and Nagla Bhaosingh. To the north-northeast is the village of [[Bijaipur Nagla Bhaosingh|Bijaipur]]. The whole surrounding area is basically flat farmland.<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Sargawan had a population of 2,492, in 452 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|119}} This population was 52.6% male (1,312) and 47.4% female (1,180). The 0–6 age group numbered 447 (232 male and 215 female), making up 17.9% of the total population. 451 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 18.9% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|110–1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Sargawan as having a population of 1,253 people (693 male and 560 female), in 212 households and 197 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|194-5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Sargawan as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 887 people (453 male and 434 female), in 380 households and 240 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 646 acres and it had a medical practitioner at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Sargawan had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village had a public library but no post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|119–24}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Anna Salunke

2026-02-06T05:43:09Z

Bruce06828: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anna Salunke
| image = Anna Salunke.jpg
| caption = Salunke as [[Sita]] in ''[[Lanka Dahan]]''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Circa|1897}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1944
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[cinematographer]]
| yearsactive=
| othername =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
}}

'''Anna Hari Salunke''' ({{Circa|1897}}-1944), also known as '''A. Salunke''' and '''Annasaheb Saluke''', was an Indian actor who performed female roles in very early Indian cinema and also a cinematographer.<ref name="Schulze2003"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinema Citizens |url=https://www.indianmemoryproject.com/cinema-citizens/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=INDIAN MEMORY PROJECT |language=en-US}}</ref> He is the first person to perform as a heroine in Indian cinema, playing the role of Queen [[Shaivya (queen)|Taramati]] in [[Dada Saheb Phalke]]'s first full-length film, ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]'' (1913). In 1917, Salunke became the first to play a double role in Indian cinema, by playing the roles of both the hero and heroine in ''[[Lanka Dahan]]''.

==Career==
[[File:Raja Harishchandra scene—Taramati and Harishchandra.jpg|thumb|A scene from ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]'' (1913) depicting Anna Salunke as [[Taramati]] and [[Dattatraya Damodar Dabke]] as Harishchandra]]
Salunke portrayed the heroine in ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]'' (1913), the first full-length Indian feature film. He played the role of Queen Taramati, the consort of king [[Harishchandra]], whose tale is told in [[Hindu mythology]]. Salunke worked as a cook<ref name="Bose2006">{{cite book|author=Mihir Bose|title=Bollywood: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6LAaAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Tempus Pub.|isbn=978-0-7524-2835-2|pages = 50, 52}}</ref> or waiter<ref name="Dwyer2006">{{cite book|author=Rachel Dwyer|title=Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qjKJ0yk-gQC&pg=PA23|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-08865-4|pages=23}}</ref> in a restaurant on [[Grant Road (South Mumbai, India)|Grant Road]], [[Mumbai]],<ref name="Schulze2003">{{cite book|author=Brigitte Schulze|title=Humanist and Emotional Beginnings of a Nationalist Indian Cinema in Bombay: With Kracauer in the Footsteps of Phalke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DytnAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Avinus|isbn=978-3-930064-12-0}}</ref> frequented by [[Dhundiraj Govind Phalke]] (Dadasaheb Phalke), the director and producer of the film. Phalke could not find a woman who agreed to act in the film; even prostitutes and [[Nautch|dancing girls]] refused. Phalke saw Salunke, who had an effeminate figure and slender hands, and convinced him to play a female role. While Salunke was working for a monthly salary of 10 [[rupees]], Phalke offered him 15 and Salunke agreed.<ref name="Bose2006"/><ref name="Maitra1995">{{cite book|author=Prabodh Maitra|title=100 years of cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwdlAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Nandan|pages=159}}</ref>

Salunke also acted in Phalke's ''[[Lanka Dahan]]'' (1917), played in the Hindu epic ''[[Ramayana]]''. Salunke played the first double role in Indian cinema,<ref name="Sabharwal2000">{{cite book|author=Gopa Sabharwal|title=The Indian millennium, AD 1000-2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sghuAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-029521-4|pages=453}}</ref><ref name="Majumdar2009"/> by playing both the male role of the hero [[Rama]] and the female role of his wife [[Sita]], the heroine.<ref name="Majumdar2009">{{cite book|author=Neepa Majumdar|title=Wanted Cultured Ladies Only!: Female Stardom and Cinema in India, 1930s–1950s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdM2Ben3alIC&pg=PA224|year=2009|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-09178-0|pages=224}}</ref> However, Salunke had developed a more muscular physique by then, and the audience could see his biceps even as he played the goddess Sita.<ref name="Bose2006"/><ref name="Garga1996">{{cite book|author=Bhagwan Das Garga|title=So many cinemas: the motion picture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXRZAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Eminence Designs|isbn=978-81-900602-1-9|pages=21}}</ref>

Salunke also acted in ''Satyanarayan'' (1922) directed by V.S. Nirantar and Phalke's ''Buddha Dev'' (1923). He was also the cinematographer on both films. Later, Salunke abandoned his acting career and fully concentrated on cinematography. Besides Nirantar and Phalke, he worked with [[G. V. Sane]] (who acted with Salunke in ''Raja Harishchandra'') and [[Ganpat G. Shinde]] (co-starred with Salunke in ''Lanka Dahan'') as directors. The last of his films as cinematographer were in 1931.<ref name="CITWF">[http://www.citwf.com/detailPerson.asp?personID=370848&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP CITWF] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015214/http://www.citwf.com/detailPerson.asp?personID=370848&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Films==
Salunke, during his film career spanning 18 years from 1913 to 1931, acted in various films including five in the female role, most of them were on [[Hindu mythology|Hindu mythological]] themes. He was also a cinematographer in a few films.<ref name=Salunke>{{Cite web|url=http://entertainmentbureau.in/actress/anna-salunke|title=Anna Salunke|accessdate=7 March 2013|publisher=Entertainment Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127063658/http://entertainmentbureau.in/actress/anna-salunke|archive-date=27 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Selected filmography===
;In female roles
* ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]'' (1913)
* ''[[Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra]]'' (1917) as Taramati
* ''[[Lanka Dahan]]'' (1922) in a double role as Rama and Sita
* ''Satyanarayan'' (1922)
* ''Buddha Dev'' (1923), his last movie as an actress

;In several roles
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* ''Ahiravan Mahiravan Vadh'' (1922)
* ''Haritalika'' (1922)
* ''Pandav Vanavas'' (1922)
* ''Satyanarayan'' (1922)
* ''Shishupala Vadh'' (1922)
* ''Wandering Soul'' (1923)
* ''Buddha Dev'' (1923)
* ''Gora Kumbhar'' (1923)
* ''Guru Dronacharya'' (1923)
* ''Jarasandha Vadha'' (1923)
* ''Kanya Vikraya'' (1923)
* ''Jayadratha Vadh'' (1924)
* ''Kanya Vikraya'' (1924)
* ''Ram Ravan Yuddha'' (1924)
* ''Shivajichi Agryahun Sutaka'' (1924)
* ''Sundopasund'' (1924)
* ''Anant Vrat'' (1925)
* ''Kakashebanchya Dolyat Jhanjhanit Anjan'' (1925)
* ''Satyabhama'' (1925)
* ''Simantak Mani'' (1925)
* ''Datta Janma'' (1925)
* ''Bhakta Pralhad'' (1926)
* ''Bhim Sanjeevan'' (1926)
* ''Keechaka Vadh'' (1926)
* ''Sant Eknath'' (1926)
* ''Bhakta Sudama'' (1927)
* ''Draupadi Vastraharan'' (1927)
* ''Hanuman Janma'' (1927)
* ''Madalasa'' (1927)
* ''Vasantsena'' (1929)
* ''Khuda Parasta'' (1930)
* ''Amir Khan'' (1931)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anna Salunke}}
* {{IMDb name|0759190}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salunke, Anna}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male silent film actors]]
[[Category:Hindi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]

Pallab Kirtania

2026-02-01T01:12:43Z

Bruce06828: added basic data initial version

{{Short description|Indian actor and singer}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|image = 
| imagesize =
| name = Pallab Kirtania
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|08|14}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation =
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Debasmita
| domesticpartner =
| children = Bihan
| parents =
| website = http://www.pallabkirtania.com
}}

'''Pallab Kirtania''' (born 14 August 1964)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pallab Kirtania - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/pallab-kirtania/in.bookmyshow.com/person/pallab-kirtania/1059013 |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref> is an Indian [[Bengali people|Bengali]] male singer-songwriter, writer and actor from [[Kolkata]].<ref name=":0" />

==Education==
He received his education at Katiahat BKAP Institution, after which he attended [[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nag |first=Jayatri |date=2024-08-14 |title=Kolkata rape-murder case: People from many walks of life join students |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kolkata-rape-murder-case-people-from-many-walks-of-life-join-students/articleshow/112504420.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-09-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Music Album==
* ''Shaon''
* ''Ghumer Pata''
* ''Dhulokhela''
* ''Muktobeni''

==Books==
* ''Ganer Mati'' (''Abhijan Publishers'', 2012)
* ''Patar Porijon'' (''Abhijan Publishers'', 2013)
* ''Patar Canvas'' (''Abhijan Publishers'', 2014)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite news
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news-interviews/Pallab-Kirtania-debuts-in-Tollywood/articleshow/34244144.cms
|title=The Time of India – Calcutta
|publisher=
|accessdate=26 Apr 2014
|last=
|first=
|location=Calcutta, India
}}
* http://article.wn.com/view/2014/04/26/Pallab_Kirtania_debuts_in_Tollywood/

==External links==
{{IMDb name|4851412}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004935/http://mio.to/album/66-Bengali_Rabindra_Sangeet/236665-Muktobeni/#/album/66-Bengali_Rabindra_Sangeet/236665-Muktobeni/]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kirtania, Pallab}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata]]

List of people from Thrissur

2026-01-30T12:11:57Z

Bruce06828: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
The following is a list of prominent people born / settled in areas coming under the present day [[Thrissur District]], [[Kerala]].
{{Dynamic list}}
==Science and academia==
*[[Pulickel Ajayan]]
*[[George Menachery]]
*[[Mani Menon]]
*[[K. N. Panikkar]]
*[[K. Radhakrishnan (scientist)|K. Radhakrishnan]]
*[[Sankaranarayana]]
*[[P. N. Vinayachandran]]

==Beauty pageants==
* [[Rahul Rajasekharan]]
* [[Vishnu Raj Menon]]

==Economy and business==
*[[M. A. Yousuf Ali]]
*[[Joy Alukkas]]
*[[Kochouseph Chittilappilly]]
*[[John Matthai]]
*[[K. P. Karunakara Menon]]
*[[PNC Menon]] (Originally from [[Palakkad district]], later migrated to Thrissur with his parents)
*[[K. N. Raj]]
*[[P. Mohamed Ali]]
*[[T. S. Kalyanaraman]]
*[[M. P. Ramachandran]]

==Spiritual leaders==
*[[Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha]]
*[[Mar George Alapatt]]
*Mar [[Raphael Cheenath]]
*[[Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious I (Mar Thoma X)]]
*[[Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II]]
*[[Euphrasia Eluvathingal]]
*[[Canisius Thekkekara]]
*[[Alex Kaliyanil]]
*[[Franco Mulakkal]]
*[[Mar Aprem Mooken]]
*[[Cyril Mar Baselios I]]
*[[Swami Ranganathananda]]
*[[Antony Thachuparambil]]
*Mar [[Jacob Thoomkuzhy]]
*Mar [[Andrews Thazhath]]
*Mar [[Raphael Thattil]]
*[[Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)|Paulose II]], [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan|Catholicos of the East]]
* [[Mariam Thresia Chiramel]]

==Literature==
*[[Balamani Amma]]
*[[Sukumar Azhikode]]
*[[P. Bhaskaran]]
*[[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]]
*[[Kovilan]]
*[[K. Kunchunniraja]]
*[[Lalitha Lenin]]
*[[Madampu Kunjukuttan]]
*[[Kunjunni|Kunjunni Mash]]
*[[George Menachery]]
*[[M. K. Ramachandran]]
*[[K. Satchidanandan]]
*[[C. V. Sreeraman]]
*[[Kamala Surayya]]
*[[Kodungallur Kunjikkuttan Thampuran]]
*[[Attoor Ravi Varma]]
*[[R. Ramachandran (poet)|R Ramachandran]]
*[[V. K. N.]]
*[[M. N. Vijayan]]
*[[M. Leelavathy]]
*[[Attoor Krishna Pisharody]]
*[[N. V. Krishna Warrier]]
*[[Madhavan Ayyappath]]
*[[V. K. Sreeraman]]
*[[Vijayarajamallika]]

==Politics==

* [[R. Bindu]]
* [[P. R. Francis]]
* [[P. P. George]]
* [[K. Karunakaran]] (Originally from [[Kannur district]], migrated to Thrissur for treating his visual disorder)
* [[C. Achutha Menon]]
* [[C. N. Jayadevan]]
* [[Panampilly Govinda Menon]]
* [[Joseph Mundassery]]
* [[K. P. Prabhakaran]]
* [[K. P. Rajendran]]
* [[Therambil Ramakrishnan]]
* [[Rajaji Mathew Thomas]]
* [[V. M. Sudheeran]]
* [[M.P Vincent]]
* [[E. Ikkanda Warrier]]
* [[V. V. Raghavan]]
* [[K. Muraleedharan]]
* [[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)]]
* [[Anil Akkara]]
*[[A. C. Moideen]]

==Performing artists==
*[[Ammannur Madhava Chakyar]]
*[[Kalamandalam Gopi]]
*[[Kalamandalam Hyderali]]
*[[Kalamandalam Appukutty Poduval]]

==Singers==
*[[Bombay Sisters]]
*[[Gayatri Asokan]]
*[[P Jayachandran]]
*[[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]]
*[[Asha G Menon]]
*[[Unni Menon]]
*[[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan]]
*[[Pradip Somasundaran]]
*[[Thrissur R. Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar]]
*[[Vaishnav Girish]]

==Malayalam film industry==
*[[Omar Lulu]]
*[[K. J. Joy]]
*[[Sathish Kalathil]]
*[[Premji]]
*[[Sathyan Anthikkad]]
*[[Ramu Kariat]]
*[[Mala Aravindan]]
*[[Bombay Sisters]]
*[[Edavela Babu]]
*[[Bahadoor]]
*[[Bharathan]]
*[[P. Bhaskaran]]
*[[Biju Menon]]
*[[Sudha Chandran]]
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]]
*[[Gopika]]
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
*[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
*[[Santhosh Jogi]]
*[[Alphons Joseph]]
*[[Mejo Joseph]]
*[[pramod Pappan]]
*[[Rima Kallingal]]
*[[Kamaluddin Mohammed|Kamal]]
*[[Yusuf Ali Kechery]]
*[[Lena (actress)|Lena]]
*[[A. K. Lohithadas]]
*[[Mallika (actress)|Mallika]]
*[[Kalabhavan Mani]]
*[[P. N. Menon (director)|P. N. Menon]]
*[[Renuka Menon]]
*[[Sindhu Menon]]
*[[Unni Mukundan]]
*[[Narain (actor)|Narain]]
*[[Ouseppachan]]
*[[V. K. Pavithran|Pavithran]]
*[[Philomina]]
*[[T. G. Ravi]]
*[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]]
*[[Sheela]]
*[[Mohan Sithara]]
*[[Sreenath]]
*[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]]
*[[Samyuktha Varma]]
*[[K. R. Vijaya]]
*[[Geetha Vijayan]]
*[[Vani Viswanath]]
*[[Manju Warrier]]
*[[C. I. Paul]]
*[[Akku Akbar]]
*[[Priyanandanan]]
*[[Rafeeq Ahammed]]
*[[Lal Jose]]
*[[V. K. Sreeraman]]
*[[Tovino Thomas]]
*[[Anupama Parameswaran]]
*[[Jyothi Krishna (actress)|Jyothi Krishna]]
*[[Rachana Narayanankutty]]
*[[Gayathri Suresh]]
*[[Aparna Balamurali]]
*[[Malavika Menon]]
*[[Malavika Wales]]
*[[Irshad Ali (actor)|Irshad]]
*[[Lijo Jose Pellissery]]
*[[Joju George]]
*[[Shivaji Guruvayoor]]
*[[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]
*[[N F Varghese]]
*[[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]]
*[[Franco Simon|Franco]]
*[[Naslen]]

==Sports==
*[[Jo Paul Ancheri]]
*[[I. M. Vijayan]]
*[[Rino Anto]]
*[[Shreyas Iyer]]
*[[Sandeep Warrier]]
*[[Rahul Kannoly Praveen]]
*[[Nihal Sarin]]
*[[Vibin Mohanan]]
*[[Sachin Suresh]]
{{Thrissur topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thrissur, List of people}}
[[Category:Lists of Indian people by populated place]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur| ]]
[[Category:Thrissur-related lists|People from Thrissur, List of]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Kerala]]

Augustine Joseph

2026-01-28T18:45:06Z

Bruce06828: quick fixed article to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian classical musician and stage actor}}
{{Indian patronymic|Joseph|Kattassery Augustine}}
{{Primary sources|date=June 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kattassery Augustine Joseph
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date text|24 March 1912}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Augustine Joseph profile at m3db |url=https://m3db.com/augustine-jospeh |website=M3DB.com}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mattancherry]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age text|3 February 1965|24 March 1912}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Augustine Joseph's obituary advertisement |url=https://m3db.com/sites/default/files/K_Agustine_Joseph_m3db.jpg |website=M3DB.com}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = [[Actor|Stage actor]], [[musician]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Elizabeth|1937}}
| children = 7, including [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| relatives = [[Vijay Yesudas]] (grandson)
}}
'''K. Augustine Joseph''' (24 March 1912 – 3 February 1965) was an [[Indian classical music]]ian and [[Actor|stage actor]] from [[Kerala]], India. He was the father of Indian playback singer [[K. J. Yesudas]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/yesudasvijay-in-concert/article5823587.ece|title=Yesudas-Vijay in concert|work=The Hindu|date=24 March 2014|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref> and grandfather of singer [[Vijay Yesudas]].<ref>[http://www.yesudas.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=1 Who is (Padmashree)Dr. Kattassery Joseph Yesudas?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612195215/http://www.yesudas.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=1 |date=12 June 2018 }} at www.yesudas.com</ref>

==Life==
He was born in [[Kochi]], as the only son of Kattassery Augustine and Thresyamma, both farmers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-voice-that-still-casts-a-spell/article3279264.ece|title=A voice that still casts a spell|author=Staff Reporter|date=4 April 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=6 January 2019}}</ref>

He married Puthanpurakkal Elizabeth in 1937, and they had seven children - five sons and two daughters - namely Pushpa (b. 1938), Yesudas (b. 1940), Antony (Nicknamed Antappan, b. 1943), Babu (b. 1945), Mani (b. 1948), Jayamma (b. 1953) and Justin (b. 1958) in chronological order. Among these siblings, Pushpa and Babu died of severe fever at a young age. Although Augustine Joseph was a self-identified Catholic, he believed in Oneness among religion and there was only One Supreme God who is called by different names in different religions. He had instilled that outlook on religion and spirituality in his children, which heavily influenced Yesudas' own worldview.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carnaticdarbar.com/interviews/2010/kj-yesudas.asp|title=Music is a continuous process of learning, says K.J. Yesudas - Carnatic Music Interviews - Darbar for classical music / classical dance|work=carnaticdarbar.com|accessdate=5 September 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914163927/http://www.carnaticdarbar.com/interviews/2010/kj-yesudas.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Augustine Joseph started training in music and acting at a very young age.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/Yesudas-and-Vijay-stage-a-Carnatic-concert-together/articleshow/33646288.cms|title=Yesudas and Vijay stage a Carnatic concert together|work=The Times of India|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref> By the 1940s, he had established himself as a musical icon in South India for his numerous performances, both in acting and singing, in stage plays based on Biblical and Hindu Puranic stories. In 1949, Augustine Joseph was approached by Malayalam film producer and director, [[Kunchacko Boban|Kunchacko]], who offered him a lead acting role in his upcoming film. That movie, ''[[Nalla Thanka]]n'', was released in 1950 to critical acclaim and was noted for being the "first big hit" in Malayalam Cinema. Augustine Joseph had also done playback singing for a five songs in the movie. In addition, Augustine Joseph played a minor role in the 1953 Malayalam film, ''[[Velakkaran]]'', where he had also done playback singing for two songs.

Augustine Joseph died of a suspected heart attack aged 53 in 1965. Yesudas, his son, later said in an interview that he had faced lot of money problems during this period and when his father died, the hospital authorities told him to give Rs. 1000/-.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-singing-maestro-yesudas-turns-73-1787631|title=Singing maestro Yesudas turns 73|date=2013-01-10|work=dna|access-date=2018-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> It was the famous lyricist [[P. Bhaskaran]] who helped him during this period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Yesudas-Son-to-Enthral-Tripunithura/2014/03/26/article2130287.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905020204/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Yesudas-Son-to-Enthral-Tripunithura/2014/03/26/article2130287.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 September 2014|title=Yesudas, Son to Enthral Tripunithura|work=The New Indian Express|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref> He was buried according to his wish at [[Kochi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/dr-k-j-yesudas/4|title=Dr. K. J. Yesudas|work=keralatourism.org|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===As an actor===
*Nallathanka (1950)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/profiles.php?i=234|title=Augustine Joseph|work=malayalachalachithram.com|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref>
*Velakkaaran (1953)

===As a playback singer===
* Mahesha Maayamo ... Nallathanka 1950
* Sodara Bandhamathonne ... Nallathanka 1950
* Manoharamee Raajyam ... Nallathanka 1950
* Maanam Thanna Maariville ... Nallathanka 1950
* Aanandamaanaake ... Nallathanka 1950
* Paahimaam Jagadeeshwara ... Velakkaaran 1953
* Aanandamennum ... Velakkaaran 1953

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, Augustine}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Singers from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:K. J. Yesudas]]

{{India-singer-stub}}

Multai

2026-01-16T11:39:57Z

Bruce06828:

{{Cleanup reorganize|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Multai
| native_name = Multapi
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Tapti.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Tapti River, Multai
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.77|N|78.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Betul district|Betul]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 749
| population_total = 161819
| population_as_of = 2019
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=511723|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 460661<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/MADHYA_PRADESH/BETUL/MULTAI_PINCODE |title=Multai Pin code |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=2015-03-03}}</ref>
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Multai''' is a town and a [[Nagar Palika]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.betul.nic.in/Citizen_Corner/Public_Rep/Public.htm | title=Nagar Palika | date=13 September 2013 | access-date=8 September 2014 | agency=District Administration Betul | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218020738/http://www.betul.nic.in/Citizen_Corner/Public_Rep/Public.htm | archive-date=18 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Betul district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Geography==
Multai is located at {{Coord|21.77|N|78.25|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Multai.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Multai]</ref> It has an average elevation of 749 metres (2457 feet).

Two major rivers originate from Multai – [[Tapti River|Tapti]] and [[Wardha River|Wardha]], the latter originating near Multai.

==Boundaries==
[[File:Map of Multai.gif|thumb|Betul District Map.]]
Multai is bounded on the north by town Amla, on the south by Amravati district of Maharashtra, on the east by Chhindwara District and on the west by the District Betul. The southern boundary of the city runs almost along the southern foothills of the [[Melghat]] range, but excludes Hatti Ghat and Chikaldara hills in Amravati district.
Jambadi (6 KM), Sandiya (7 KM), Sirsawadi (7 KM), Karpa (8 KM), Narkhed (9 KM) are the nearby villages to Multai. Multai is surrounded by Prabhat Pattan Tehsil towards the south, Amla Tehsil towards the north, Warud Tehsil towards the south, and Pandhurna Tehsil towards the east.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Multai is a Municipality city in district of Betul, Madhya Pradesh. Multai city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Multai Municipality has a population of 29,976 of which 15,356 are males while 14,620 are females as per the report released by Census India 2011.

Population of children ages 0–6 is 3345 which is 11.16% of total population of Multai (M). In Multai Municipality, the female sex ratio is 952 against state average of 931. The child sex ratio in Multai is around 910 compared to Madhya Pradesh state average of 918. The literacy rate of Multai city is 88.10%, higher than the state average of 69.32%. In Multai, male literacy is around 91.61% while the female literacy rate is 84.42%.

Multai Municipality has total administration over 6,674 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Municipality limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

==Origin==
The original name of the city Multai was Multapi, named after the river Tapti that originates from here. During the Maratha regime and British rule, Multai was one of the regional headquarters connecting the District Headquarter in the north to the District Headquarter 'Nagpur' of Central India.

During the Maratha regime and British rule, Multai was one of the regional headquarters connecting the District Headquarter in the north to the District Headquarter 'Nagpur' of Central India.

==The Tapti River==
[[File:MULTAI TAPTI JI TEMPLE.jpg|thumb|Multai Tapti ji Mandir]]

The [[Tapti River]] is one of the best place for tourism in Betul district.
<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583204/Tapti-River | title = Tapti River | date=13 September 2013 | access-date=8 September 2014 | agency=District Administration Betul}}</ref>

===Origin===
'Tapti' also spelled as 'Tapi' is one of the major rivers in India. The total length of the Tapi river is approximately 724 km. It flows in the central parts of India. The river originates from Multai in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh in the Satpura range at an elevation of 752 meter above the sea level. The states through which the Tapi river flows include [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Apart from the Narmada river, Tapi is the only river which flows in the westward direction and merges into the Arabian Sea. The Tapi basin extends to the total area of 65, 145 sq km, which is approximately 2.0% of the total geographical area of India. The main tributaries of the Tapi river are Purna, The Girna, The Panjhra, The Vaghur, the Bori and the Aner.

===Religious significance===
According to legend, Tapi river also known as Tapti, is the daughter of Surya (the Sun God). Some says that Surya created the Tapi river in order to save himself from his own intense heat. The river finds mention in the great Indian epic Mahabharata, according to which Tapti had married Sanvaran, a legendary hero of the moon dynasty. Tapti and Sanvaran also had the son called Kuru. It was on his name only the Kuru dynasty started. Tapi is considered as the Goddess among the Hindus and is worshiped among them . Multai Is known as pilgrimage place for Sikhs as Guru Nanak first guru of Sikhs visited the place in 1515 and stayed here for 14 days, during which he had discourse with king of Raisen Kadtur Ali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pradesh/betul-memories-of-guru-nanak-dev-are-associated-with-multai-mpsg-2598544.html|title=550 वां प्रकाश पर्व : मुलताई से भी है गुरु नानक देव का नाता, हर साल यहां लगता है मेला|date=2019-11-12|website=News18 India|access-date=2020-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Documentary copy of British map of Betul of 13.08.1857 reference no. 149112/B.04 dtd 07.07.1999|journal=British Map}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=504 साल पहले यहां पहुचे थे गुरुनानक,8 नवंबर से गुरुद्वारे से निकलेंगी प्रभात फेरी |url=https://www.khabaram.com/archives/88634 |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=Khabaram |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transportation==
Multai is well connected to its neighboring districts Amaravati, Betul, Amla, Nagpur, Chhindwara through rail and road. The nearest airport is [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport|Nagpur Airport]].And The distance between [[Bhopal]] and Multai by train is approximately 244 kilometers.

==See also==
* [[Prabhat Pattan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Narmadapuram Division}}

[[Category:Populated places on the Tapti River]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Betul district]]
[[Category:Religion in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Madhya Pradesh]]

Raaz

2026-01-13T05:38:20Z

Bruce06828:

{{wikt|راز}}
'''''Raaz''''' ({{lit|secret|mystery}} in Persian) may refer to:

==Films==
* [[Raaz (1959 film)|''Raaz'' (1959 film)]], a Pakistani Urdu-language suspense thriller film
* [[Raaz (1967 film)|''Raaz'' (1967 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller directed by Ravindra Dave
* [[Raaz (1981 film)|''Raaz'' (1981 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language film by Harmesh Malhotra, starring Raj Babbar
* [[Raaz (film series)|''Raaz'' (film series)]], an Indian mystery horror Hindi-language series produced by Mahesh and Mukesh Bhatt
** [[Raaz (2002 film)|''Raaz'' (2002 film)]], directed by Vikram Bhatt
** ''[[Raaz: The Mystery Continues]]'', 2009 film directed by Mohit Suri
** ''[[Raaz 3: The Third Dimension]]'', 2012 sequel directed by Vikram Bhatt
** ''[[Raaz: Reboot]]'', 2016 sequel directed by Vikram Bhatt

==People==
* [[Raaz Chandpuri]] (1892–1969), Indian writer
* [[Vijay Raaz]] (born 1963), Indian actor

==See also==
* [[Raz (disambiguation)]]
* [[Raas (disambiguation)]]
* [[Razi (disambiguation)]]
* ''[[Raazi]]'', 2018 Indian spy-thriller film by Meghna Gulzar
* [[Rahasyam (disambiguation)]]

{{Disambiguation}}

Ritabhari Chakraborty

2025-11-22T16:15:31Z

Bruce06828: typo fix

{{short description|Indian Bengali film actress and producer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ritabhari Chakraborty
| image = Ritabhari Chakraborty1.jpg
| image_caption = Chakraborty in October 2021
| native_name =
| alt = Ritabhari
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|15|2009|8|3}}<ref name="official"/>
| birth_place = [[Calcutta, West Bengal]], India
| death_place =
| native_name_lang = Bn
| other_names = Paulin
| education = [[Jadavpur University]] [[University of California, Los Angeles]]
| occupation = * Actress
* Producer
* Singer
| years_active = 2009–present
| known_for = [[Ogo Bodhu Sundori (TV series)]]
| spouse =
| father = [[Utpalendu Chakrabarty]]
| mother = [[Satarupa Sanyal]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.ritabharic.net}}
}}

'''Ritabhari Chakraborty''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Cinema of West Bengal|films]] and television. She earned commercial success with the romantic thriller {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Shesh Theke Shuru]]}} (2019) and ''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]'' (2020).<ref name="official">{{cite web |url=https://www.ritabharic.net/ |title=Ritabhari Chakraborty website |access-date=25 February 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807053114/https://www.ritabharic.net/ |archivedate=7 August 2022 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>

She has been voted by Times of India as the Most Desirable Woman of 2018 in East<ref>{{cite news |title=MOST DESIRABLE WOMAN OF 2018: RITABHARI - Kolkata, 2/20/2019 |website=The Times of India |date=19 June 2020}}</ref> as well as one of The Top 50 Most Desirable Woman of the country<ref>{{cite web |last=Shree |first=Nagini |title=Top 50 Most Desirable Women Ritabhari Chakraborty Hot In Bikini Pics |website=StarBiz.com |date=7 June 2019 |url=https://starbiz.com/regional-movies/ritabhari-chakraborty-hot-6494 |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> leaving many Bollywood actors behind. She is also the youngest producer in West Bengal. With more than 6 Million followers spread across multiple social platforms,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/ritabhari_chakraborty |title=Ritabhari Chakraborty (@ritabhari_chakraborty) • Instagram photos and videos |website=instagram.com}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/RitabhariC/community |title=Ritabhari Chakraborty |via=Facebook}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}}</ref> Ritabhari was listed as one of the Most promising youth icons to use “Social media” for good''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0v6HOwNSfw&t=2319s |title=Video |date=16 July 2019 |via=YouTube |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>'' conducted by [[Facebook]]. The event was moderated by the global icon [[Priyanka Chopra]]. Chakraborty is known to voice her opinions free of inhibitions and she has shared her own journey and experiences in various events like [[TED (conference)|TedX]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z7xOHDs0BI |title=Video |date=18 June 2019 |via=YouTube |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> [[Josh Talks]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ajCdVtcP9U |title=Video |date=11 June 2018 |via=YouTube |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> and Ink Talk. She made her first appearance in television as the female protagonist of the popular Indian Bengali television show ''Ogo Bodhu Sundari''.

== Early life ==
Chakraborty started her modelling career in when she was still in high school. She made her first appearance in television after her [[Secondary School Certificate|10th boards examination]] at age 15 as the female protagonist of the popular Indian Bengali television show ''Ogo Bodhu Sundari''.<ref name="official"/> Despite working on back to back projects, Chakraborty, a high school student back then, maintained her academic standing. She went on to become an All-India national topper in [[Higher Secondary School Certificate|12th boards examination]] in History and Bengali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/actress-by-accident/cid/237815 |title=Actress by accident |website=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> After completing high school, Chakraborty decided to pursue History in [[Jadavpur University]]. In 2021, Chakraborty Post-graduated from [[University of California, Los Angeles]] where she attended the UCLA Professional Program in [[UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television]] and won Acting for the Camera Pitch Competition for her multicultural drama ''Colors of Silence''.<ref name="ucla">{{cite web |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Shamayita |title=Ritabhari attends online classes after surgery, likely to be discharged from hospital today - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ritabhari-attends-online-classes-after-surgery-likely-to-be-discharged-from-hospital-today/articleshow/81430631.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |date=10 March 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |title=Ritabhari Chakraborty completed her graduation from university of california |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/actress-ritabhari-chakraborty-completed-her-graduation-from-university-of-california_387661.html |website=zeenews.india.com |date=18 June 2021 |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |title=UCLA School Of Theater, Film & Television's Professional Programs Names 2021 Writing Competition Winners |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/ucla-professional-programs-2021-writing-winners-1234780468/ |work=Deadline Hollywood |date=23 June 2021 |access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> Ritabhari Chakraborty is engaged to Famous Bollywood writer Sumit Arora.

== Career ==
=== Television & theater ===
Chakraborty started off as the female protagonist in the Bengali television show ''Ogo Bodhu Sundari''. Owing to the show's immense success, a remake to its Hindi counterpart was also made as ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]''. She also played the protagonist in another television show, ''Chokher Tara Tui'', which aired on [[STAR Jalsha]]. However, she had to quit the show prematurely due to health issues.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/bengali/Ritabhari-out-new-Tutul-in-Chokher-Tara-Tui/articleshow/37527239.cms |title=Ritabhari out, new Tutul in Chokher Tara Tui - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=30 June 2014 }}</ref>

Chakraborty was also affiliated to the theatre group ''Jojok''. She had played the character of ''Charulata'' (in a theatrical adaptation of Tagore's ''Noshtonir'') directed by [[Goutam Halder|Gautam Halder]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

=== Short films & music videos ===
In 2017, Ritabhari starred in a music video ''Orrey Mon'' alongside [[Ayushmann Khurrana]],{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}} produced by her own production company [[SCUD (company)|SCUD]]. ''Orrey Mon'' is a Journey of a young couple trying to fulfil their dream to open a cafe together. The single was a huge success with currently over 20 million views in YouTube].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlimhpwZDeE |title=Video |date=3 January 2017 |via=YouTube |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> She went on to acting and producing more content with actors like [[Kalki Koechlin]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] (Nykaa Tvc), [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Rajat Kapoor]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rajat-kapoor-tells-t2-about-making-choices-and-living-by-them/cid/1433036 |title=Rajat Kapoor tells t2 about making choices and living by them |website=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> [[Kunal Karan Kapoor]] (''Adda'' song) and so on.

Ritabhari ventured into writing with the short film [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R29hoYjAF6w ''Naked''], starring [[Kalki Koechlin]], that she produced as well. The short film takes a swipe at the shallowness of entertainment journalism while also landing a blow for a better understanding of the forms of violence against women which includes cyber-crime as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/831716/watch-in-short-film-naked-a-leaked-clip-provokes-a-debate-on-violence-against-women |title=Watch: In short film 'Naked', a leaked clip provokes a debate on violence against women |website=Scroll.in |date=14 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.entertainmentcorner.in/amp/media/short-films/naked-ft-kalki-koechlin-and-ritabhari/ |title=Naked : Ft Kalki Koechlin and Ritabhari |date=12 March 2017 |website=Entertainment Corner}}</ref> The short film was nominated for Filmfare.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/short-films-2018/finalists/naked/2223 |title=Naked – Drama Short Film | Jio Filmfare Short Film Awards |website=filmfare.com}}</ref> ''Naked'' garnered much of a cult fame and received number of recognitions in different cultural festivals as well. [[SCUD (company)|SCUD]] also produced ''Fool for Love'' with [[Anurag Kashyap]], a short film featuring Ritabhari as the female protagonist. The story explores the ever relevant story of illusions of love and loneliness in life. It was released in 2019 and has won many accolades for the mind blowing performances.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ritabhari-anurag-has-bowled-everyone-in-fool-for-love/articleshow/67451130.cms |title=Ritabhari: Anurag has bowled everyone in 'Fool For Love' - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=9 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thirdvantagepoint.com/2019/02/12/fool-for-love-illusions-of-life/ |title=FOOL FOR LOVE : Illusions of Life |first=Jayashree |last=Chakravarti |date=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/fool-for-love-an-ever-relevant-story-of-illusions-of-love/articleshow/67944297.cms |title='Fool For Love': An ever relevant story of illusions of love - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=12 February 2019 }}</ref>

=== Movies ===
[[File:Lead cast of Bengali film ‘Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti’ Ritabhari Chakraborty and Soham Majumdar addressing a Press Conference, during the 51st International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2021), in Panaji, Goa on January 18, 2021.jpg|thumb|Lead cast of Bengali film ‘Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti’ Ritabhari Chakraborty and Soham Majumdar addressing a Press Conference, during the [[51st International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI-2021), in [[Panaji]], [[Goa]] on 18 January 2021.]]
In 2011, she was set to make her big screen debut with the film ''Tomar Shange Praner Khela'', directed by Rakesh Kumar, who had also directed ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]''. However, the film was later shelved. She went on working in other films like ''Barood'' and ''Tobu Basanta''.<ref name='Actress Ritabhari Chakraborty on her Bangla Movies "Tobu Basanta" and "Prem Unlimited"'>{{cite web |title=Actress Ritabhari Chakraborty on her Bangla Movies 'Tobu Basanta' and "Prem Unlimited" |url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/74438812-actress-ritabhari-chakraborty-her-bangla-movies-tobu-basanta-and-prem-unlimited |publisher=WBRi |access-date=10 March 2013 |archive-date=20 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420151508/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/74438812-actress-ritabhari-chakraborty-her-bangla-movies-tobu-basanta-and-prem-unlimited |url-status=usurped }}</ref> She also appeared in [[Srijit Mukherji]]'s multi starer film ''[[Chotushkone]]'' in October 2014. She was seen in an Indian Bengali drama film ''[[Bawal (film)|Bawal]]'' directed by Biswaroop Biswas. She went on to work in ''Onyo Apalaa''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigel, Roopa Ganguly start shooting for Apala - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Nigel-Roopa-Ganguly-start-shooting-for-Apala/articleshow/46621002.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> in 2015 which was an official selection in Indian Panorama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Eight-films-from-Bengal-selected-in-Indian-Panorama-IFFI/articleshow/49644085.cms |title=Eight films from Bengal selected in Indian Panorama, IFFI - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref>

After the release of ''Naked'' in 2017, Chakraborty was cast in the Bollywood horror movie [[Pari (2018 Indian film)|'Pari']],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritabhari Chakraborty to act in these films after 'Pari' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/ritabhari-chakraborty-to-act-in-these-films-after-pari/articleshow/63111571.cms |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=28 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref> which featured [[Anushka Sharma]] as the lead protagonist. Her last release was {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Shesh Theke Shuru]]}} with Bengali star [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] which performed average at the box office although her performance has been noticed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/shesh-theke-shuru/movie-review/69663679.cms|title=Shesh Theke Shuru Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Shesh Theke Shuru by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=js9PSeieseM |title=Video |date=30 May 2019 |via=YouTube |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> She made her OTT debut with ''Nandini''. Also starring Debjani Chatterjee, Kinjal Nanda and Suhotra Mukhopadhyay, the series was streamed on Addatimes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ritabhari Chakraborty to play pregnant woman in her OTT debut Nandini |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/ritabhari-chakraborty-to-play-pregnant-woman-in-her-ott-debut-nandini/cid/1968142}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
Chakraborty also runs an NGO, ''SCUD Society for Social Communication'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://samarthan.in/ngo/scud-society-for-social-communication/ |title=Scud society for social communication |website=Samarthan}}</ref> which aims at providing medical camp, cultural activity and training for economic empowerment of the under privileged people. Chakraborty and her mother, [[Satarupa Sanyal]], organise monthly health camps in rural areas of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Basu |first=Sreya |title=Ritabhari and Satarupa Sanyal - the perfect mother daughter duo |website=JiyoWoman |date=1 January 1970 |url=https://www.jiyowoman.com/news/ritabhari-and-satarupa-sanyal-the-perfect-mother-daughter-duo |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Director!! Language
!Ref
|-
| 2012 || ''Tobuo Basanta'' || || Debojit Ghosh|| Bengali
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2014 || ''[[Chotushkone]]'' || Nandita || [[Srijit Mukherji]]|| Bengali
|
|-
|| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Kolkata]]'' || Sreelekha || [[Satarupa Sanyal]]|| Bengali
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|2015 || ''[[Bawal (film)|Bawal]]'' || Kajal || Biswaroop Biswas|| Bengali
|
|-
|| ''Onyo Apalaa'' || || [[Satarupa Sanyal]]|| Bengali
|
|-
|| ''Barood'' || || Somik Halder|| Bengali
|
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Colkatay Columbus]]'' || Shakira || Sourav Paloodhi|| Bengali
|
|-
| 2017 || ''Naked (Short Film)'' || || [[Rakesh Ranjan Kumar|Rakesh Kumar]]|| Hindi
|
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2018 || ''[[Pari (2018 Indian film)|Pari]]'' || Piyali || [[Prosit Roy]]|| Hindi
|
|-
|| ''[[Painting Life]]'' || || Dr.Biju|| Malayalam/ English
|
|-
|| ''Fool for Love'' || || [[Satarupa Sanyal]]|| Hindi
|
|-
|| ''Shrimoti Bhayonkori'' ||Gayeetri|| [[Robiul Alam Robi]] Hoichoi Originals|| Bengali
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2019 || {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Shesh Theke Shuru]]}} || Farzana || [[Raj Chakraborty]]|| Bengali
|
|-
|| ''Broken Frame'' || || [[Ram Kamal Mukherjee]]|| Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritabhari roped in for Ram Kamal's next Broken Frame |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ritabhari-roped-in-for-ram-kamals-next-broken-frame/articleshow/70103634.cms |website=The Times of India |date=18 July 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2020 || ''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]'' || Shabari || Aritra Mukherjee|| Bengali
|
|-
||''[[Tiki-Taka (film)|Tiki-Taka]]''|| Bonolota || [[Parambrata Chattopadhyay]]|| Bengali/ Hindi
|
|-
| 2021 ||''[[F.I.R No. 339/07/06|FIR]]'' || Dr. Esha Chakraborty || [[Joydeep Mukherjee]]|| Bengali
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Fatafati]]''
|Phullora Bhaduri
|Aritra Mukherjee
|Bengali
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Bohurupi]]''
|Pori
|[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] and [[Nandita Roy]]
|Bengali
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2025
| ''Grihostho''
| Aparna Bose
| rowspan="2" | [[Mainak Bhaumik]]
| Bengali
|
|-
| ''Batsharik''
| Brishti
| Bengali
|
|-
| ''[[Papa Buka]]'' ||Romila Chatterjee || Dr Biju ||[[Tok Pisin]] ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/awards/papua-new-guinea-first-ever-oscar-submission-papa-buka-1236498808/ |title=Papua New Guinea Makes First-Ever Oscar Submission With 'Papa Buka' (Exclusive) |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=26 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Serial !! Character
|-
|2009 - 2010|| ''[[Ogo Bodhu Sundori]]'' || Lolita
|-
|2014|| ''Chokher Tara Tui'' || Sohag / Tutul (later replaced by Ipshita Mukherjee)
|-
|}

== Awards ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=December 2024}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Awards !! Winner
|-
|2010|| ''Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards'' || Best Actress
|-
|2010|| ''Protidin Tele Somman'' || Best Female Debutant
|-
|2014|| ''Uttam Kumar Kala Ratna Awards'' || Best Actress
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6363843}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Ritabhari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:1990s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sangramaraja

2025-10-23T17:53:38Z

Bruce06828:

{{Short description|King of Kashmir from 1003 to 1028}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Samgrāmarāja
| succession = King of Kashmir
| dynasty = [[Lohara dynasty]]
| reign = 8 August 1003 – 1028
| predecessor = [[Didda]]
| successor = Harirāja
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1028
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| spouse = Srilekhā
| father = Udayaraja<ref name="IEH">India – Early History, Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, 2016 [https://books.google.com/books?id=m_YADgAAQBAJ&pg=PT63 p.63]</ref>
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| mother =
{{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance =
| branch =
| rank =
| battles = *[[Siege of Lohkot (1015)]] }}
}}

'''Sangramraj''' or '''Samgrãmaraja''' ([[IAST]]: {{lang|sa|Samgrāmarāja}}) was the founder and first ruler of the [[Lohara dynasty]] in [[Kashmir]] from 1003 to 1028. During his reign, [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] attempted to invade Kashmir twice but suffered defeat and retreated in both the events.

==Rule==
Sangramraja was born into the [[Lohara dynasty]] which, according to the ''[[Rajatarangini]]'', was of [[Khasas|Khasa]] origin.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KSJuAAAAMAAJ&q=khasa+lohara |title=Rājataraṅgiṇi: The Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr |date=1961 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |language=en}}</ref>

Sangramaraja was adopted by his aunt [[Didda]] and appointed as her heir. He became the ruler of Kashmir upon the death of Didda on 8 August 1003.<ref name="n439">{{cite web | title=The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab | last = Mishra | first = Yogendra | url=https://ia800604.us.archive.org/14/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.99741/2015.99741.The-Hindu-Sahis-Of-Afghanistan-And-The-Punjab_text.pdf | access-date=23 October 2025 | page = 61}}</ref> His rule lasted till 1028.<ref name=Stein1900p294>Stein (1900), Vol. 2, p. 294.</ref>

Sangramaraja's queen was Srilekhā, who was very talented and advised Sangramaraja in his rule and when Mahmud of Ghazni attempted to invade Kashmir.<ref name="Tripat Sharma">{{cite book|author=Tripat Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlAqAAAAYAAJ|title=Women in Ancient India, from 320 A.D. to C. 1200 A.D.|publisher=Ess Ess Publications|year= 1987|isbn=9788170000280|pages=184}}</ref>

==Battles against Mahmud of Ghazni==
{{Main|Siege of Lohkot (1015)}}
In 1014, Mahmud of Ghazni attacked the [[Hindu Shahi|Kabul Shahi]] kingdom. The Kabul Shahi ruler [[Trilochanapala]] appealed to Sangramaraja for assistance against Mahmud. Sangramaraja responded by sending a large army under his commander-in-chief, Tunga to aid Trilochanapala. In the ensuing battle, Trilochanapala was defeated.<ref name="Mohibbul Hasan"/><ref name="F.M. Hassnain"/>

Antagonized by Sangramaraja's having helped Trilochanapala, Mahmud invaded Kashmir. He advanced along the [[Poonch River|Tohi river]] valley, planning to enter Kashmir through the [[Tosa Maidan|Tosamaidan]] pass. However, his advanced was checked by the strong fort of Loharkot. After having besieged the fort for a month, Mahmud abandoned the siege and retreated, losing many of his troops on his way and almost losing his own life as well.<ref>{{Cite book |last=S N Sen |url=http://archive.org/details/ancientindianhistoryandcivilization |title=Ancient Indian history and civilization |date=1987 |pages=330}}</ref> In 1021, Mahmud again attempted to invade Kashmir, but was again not able to advance beyond the Loharkot fort, due to heavy snowfall. After the two failed invasion attempts, he did not attempt to invade Kashmir again.<ref name="Mohibbul Hasan">{{cite book|author=Mohibbul Hasan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC&dq=Samgr%C4%81mar%C4%81ja&pg=PA31|title=Kashmīr Under the Sultāns pp31|publisher=Aakar Books|year= 2005|isbn=9788187879497|pages=352}}</ref><ref name="F.M. Hassnain">{{cite book|author=F.M. Hassnain|url=https://archive.org/stream/hindu-kashmir/Hindu%20Kashmir%20-%20F.M.%20Hassnain%20%281%29_djvu.txt|title=Hindu Kashmīr pp74|publisher=Light & Life Publishers|year= 1977|pages=138}}</ref><ref name="ANU">{{cite thesis|last=Rafiqi|first=Abdul Qaiyum|date=October 1972|title=Sufism in Kashmir from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century|chapter=Chapter 1|publisher=Australian National University|chapter-url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/11225/1/Rafiqi_A.Q._1972.pdf|access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Kings of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Lohara dynasty]]

Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa

2025-10-14T00:00:59Z

Bruce06828: new!

{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=March 2023}}
{{primary sources|date=March 2023}}
}}

{{short description|Roman Catholic religious order}}

{{Infobox organization
| name = Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa
| native_name = Sororum Carmelitarum Sanctae Teresiae
| native_name_lang = la
| image = [[File:Carmelite Sisters of St TeresaLogo.png|200px|frameless]]
| image_size =
| caption =
| abbreviation = C.S.S.T.
| formation = {{start date and age|April 24, 1887}}
| founder = Sister [[Teresa of St. Rose of Lima]]
| type = Centralized Religious Institute of Consecrated Life of Pontifical Right (for Women)
| headquarters = Hiremath Layout, [[Kothnur|Kothanur]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| membership =
| leader_title = Superior general
| leader_name = Sr. Chris<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carmelite Sisters of St Teresa |title=Generalate |url=http://www.carmelitesistersofstteresa.org/User/UserGeneralTeam.aspx |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>
| remarks =
| website = {{url|carmelitesistersofstteresa.org/}}
}}

The Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa (CSST) is a religious institute of the Catholic Church for women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Congregations of India, Vellore Diocese |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/congregration/india-vellore/141 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref> The institute was founded in 1887 in [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The order was founded by [[Teresa of St. Rose of Lima|Sister Teresa of St. Rose of Lima]]. The order is a branch of the Tertiary Carmelite Congregation known as the [[Lay Carmelites|Third order of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel and St. Teresa.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leaders |url=https://teresas.ac.in/leading-ladies/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=St.Teresa’s College (Autonomous) |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
The Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa have their roots in the [[Lay Carmelites|Third Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St. Teresa]], a tertiary congregation established in [[Kerala]] in the 19th century. The congregation was founded in 1887 by [[Teresa of St. Rose of Lima|Sister Teresa of St. Rose of Lima]], a [[Lay Carmelites|Carmelite Tertiary]] who was sent to [[Ernakulam]] by [[Bishops in the Catholic Church|Archbishop]] [[Leonard Mellano]] of Verapoly. Sister Teresa was tasked with starting a religious community of sisters and founding an English medium school for girls in the town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CSST KERALA PROVINCE |url=http://www.csstkeralaprovince.com/History/HistoryOfGeneralate |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.csstkeralaprovince.com}}</ref>

Sister Teresa, along with a few other sisters, started the St. Teresa's Convent in [[Ernakulam]], which would become the cradle of the CSST Institute. The congregation was initially diocesan, and its history is closely intertwined with the history of the church in Kerala and the erection of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly|Archdiocese of Verapoly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KCBC Site |url=https://kcbc.co.in/KCBC/ReligiousDetails/51 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=kcbc.co.in}}</ref>

Over the years, the Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Carmelite Sisters of St Teresa (CSST), part 1 |url=http://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2015/07/23/the_carmelite_sisters_of_st_teresa_(csst),_part_1/en-1158408 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.archivioradiovaticana.va}}</ref> have expanded their presence in India and have established various educational institutions across the country. Today, the congregation has more than 1,500 sisters and operates over 250 schools and other educational institutions in different parts of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmelite Sisters of St Teresa |url=http://www.carmelitesistersofstteresa.org/User/UserMainHistory.aspx |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.carmelitesistersofstteresa.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Catholic congregation}}
{{Catholicism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carmelite St. of Saint Teresa}}
[[Category:Catholic missionary orders]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Catholic religious institutes established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1887]]

Kottapadi

2025-10-12T02:22:00Z

Bruce06828: quick update

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kottapadi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = Kottapadi1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|36|54|N|76|1|43|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Guruvayur Municipality <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_panchayat/telnoof_tsr.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603105414/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_panchayat/telnoof_tsr.htm |archivedate=2009-06-03 }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 680505<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/pin_codes_kerala.php|title = National Portal of India}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91487
| registration_plate = KL-08/KL-46
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Trichur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Trichur
| blank3_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Guruvayur Municipality <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_panchayat/telnoof_tsr.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603105414/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_panchayat/telnoof_tsr.htm |archivedate=2009-06-03 }}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Punnathoor Anakotta,Kottapadi Guruvayur.JPG|thumb|Punnathoor Anakkotta]]
[[File:Kottapadi Co-Operative Bank.JPG|thumb|Village bank in Kottapadi]]
[[File:St.George Orthodox Church.JPG|thumb|Kottapadi Church]]
'''Kottapadi''' is a village near [[Guruvayur]] town in the district of [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. Kottapadi literally translates to ''Gates to Fort''. Kottapadi has now gained prominence [[Punnathurkotta]] for which it has been named, which used to house elephants belonging to the [[Guruvayoor temple]]. (''[[Punnathurkotta|Anakotta]]'' in [[Malayalam]], literally translated as "Elephant Fort") Elephants that are an integral part of certain temple rituals are boarded and trained here.

==History==
Kottapadi was the seat of ''Punathur Raja'' who were the vassals of [[Zamorin]]s.<ref> {{cite book |last=Logan |first=William|title= Malabar Manual| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TJFDwAAQBAJ&dq=punathur&pg=PT2080}} </ref> Punathur Raja is reported to have formed around 15th century when it separated from Talappili kingdom and aligned with the Zamorins.<ref> {{cite book |last=Menon |first=Sreedhara|title= Kerala District Gazetteers|date=1962 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ey9uAAAAMAAJ&q=punathur%20sreedhara%20menon|location= Kozhikode|publisher=Superintendent of Government Presses }} </ref> The name Kottapadi is derived from (''[[Punnathur Kotta]]'' or Punathur Fort) ''Kotta'' Fort and ''Padi'' Gate. Being a coastal village (6 km from sea) like many other parts of Kerala has white sand and [[Coconut]] farming was a major industry and still one can see large swaths of lands with Coconut palms. Due to rapid urbanisation of the Guruvayur area, most of this village has now become a small town. Kottapadi is located only 2 kilometres away from Guruvayur temple. Many tourists come here for visiting the [[Punnathur Kotta]]. There are more than 60 elephants here. These elephants belong to the [[Guruvayur Temple]], where prominent devotees offer it to Lord [[Guruvayurappan]]. Prominent Shiva temple at [[Mammiyur]] is located close by.

''Nearest Airport'': [[Cochin International Airport]]

''Nearest Railway Stations'': [[Guruvayur]], [[Trichur]]

'''Nearest Major Towns''': [[Guruvayur]], [[Chavakkad]], [[Kunnamkulam]]

==Colleges in Kottapadi==
Little Flower women's college, Aryabhatta women's college, Mercy college.

==Temples in Kottapadi==
* Chembalakulangara Bhagavathi kshethram,
* Sree Subramanya Kshethram,
* Kaveed Karthyani Kshetram,
* Sree Kapaleshwaram Shiva temple.

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Thrissur district}}
[[Category:Villages in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Guruvayur]]

Bangladeshi fifty-poysha coin

2025-09-21T21:59:12Z

Bruce06828: added article per standard format and updated info for consistency

{{short description|Bangladeshi currency}}
{{Infobox coin
| Denomination = 50 Poysha
| Country = [[Bangladesh]]
| Value = 0.50
| Unit = [[Bangladeshi taka]]
| Mass_g =
| Mass_special = 
| Diameter_mm =
| Diameter_special = 
| Thickness_mm =
| Thickness_special = 
| Edge =
| Composition =
| Years of Minting = {{Start date|1973}}–{{End date|2001}}
| Mintage = 
| Mint marks =
| Circulation =
| Catalog Number = 
| Obverse =File:বাংলাদেশী পয়সা - Bangladeshi Coin Front Part.png
| Obverse Design = [[Nymphaea nouchali|Shapla]]
| Obverse Designer =
| Obverse Design Date =
| Obverse Discontinued =
| Reverse =File:50 Paisa bangladesh.png
| Reverse Design =[[Ilish]], [[Pineapple]], [[Banana]] and [[Chicken]]
| Reverse Designer =
| Reverse Design Date =
| Reverse Discontinued =
}}
The [[Bangladeshi]] decimal '''fifty-poysha''' [[coin]] ({{langx|bn|পঞ্চাশ পয়সা}}) was first minted in 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://secure.numismaster.com/ta/Coins.admin?rnd=WSJMRYXI&@impl=coins.ui.ucatalog.flat.coin.UiControl_FindResults&@prms=536561726368547970653d31&@windowId=VTCHV&Origin=3&AdvanceSearch=0&PRefine=&Country=Bangladesh&Denom=50%20Poisha&CountryId=79&DenomId=2444&KM=&Comp=&Date= |title=50 Bangladeshi Poysha |website=Numismaster |publisher=Krause Publications |access-date=2015-12-28 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205146/http://secure.numismaster.com/ta/Coins.admin?rnd=WSJMRYXI&@impl=coins.ui.ucatalog.flat.coin.UiControl_FindResults&@prms=536561726368547970653d31&@windowId=VTCHV&Origin=3&AdvanceSearch=0&PRefine=&Country=Bangladesh&Denom=50%20Poisha&CountryId=79&DenomId=2444&KM=&Comp=&Date= |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a small denomination of Bangladeshi monetary unit which is the ''taka''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/banks/2017/07/17/lack-policy-support-drives-coin-market/|title=Lack of policy support drives coin out of market|last=Islam|first=Shariful|date=July 17, 2017|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717061242/http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/banks/2017/07/17/lack-policy-support-drives-coin-market/ |archive-date=2017-07-17 |access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref> It equals one half of a taka.

[[File:50 and 25 paise coins from Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|50 poysha coin reverse, 1984 (in left).]]

==History==
Until the Great [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971, the Pakistani [[Rupee]] was the currency of the country. Bangladeshi currency was first issued on March 4, 1972, after the [[independence of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The History of Money:Bangladesh |url=https://prezi.com/t1pj2i2g3gms/the-history-of-moneybangladesh/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=prezi.com |language=en}}</ref> The official currency was named Taka, later "৳" was designated as the symbol of Taka. The minimum unit of money fixed is one rupee. And a percentage of money is called Paisa. That is, ৳1 is equal to 100 paise. In 1973, 5 paisa, 10 paisa, 25 paisa and 50 paisa were introduced.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BDT {{!}} Bangladeshi Taka {{!}} OANDA |url=https://www1.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/BDT |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=www1.oanda.com}}</ref>

=== Design ===
In the case of the fifty paise coin, three types of designs can be seen from the first circulation of this coin in 1973 until 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-06 |title=Bangladesh - free coins catalog online |url=http://ccoins.ru/pages/bangladesh_en.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706145714/http://ccoins.ru/pages/bangladesh_en.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Coins from Bangladesh – Numista |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/bangladesh-1.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=en.numista.com}}</ref> Each of the three types of designs had the [[National symbols of Bangladesh|national symbol of Bangladesh]] on the obverse. At the center of the [[National Emblem of Bangladesh|National Emblem]] is a lotus flower floating in water, surrounded by two grains of rice. Three intertwined jute leaves at top and four stars in total, two each on either side of leaf. The four asterisks represent the four principles of the Bangladesh constitution (nationalism, secularism, socialism and democracy).

The obverse of the coin issued in 1973 had the inscription Bangladesh at the top with the year of issue below, the dove symbol of peace in the middle, and the value of the coin in numerals and languages at the bottom.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=50 Poisha, Bangladesh |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces16216.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 1977, the reverse design of the coin was changed. At this time, the dove is removed from it and only the text of Bangladesh is on the upper part, there is a hilsa fish, a pineapple, a banana and a chicken in the middle part, the year of the coin is printed on both sides of the middle part, and the value of the coin is on the bottom of the coin like the previous design. There are writings and writings in languages.<ref name=":1" />

This design was partially modified in 2001. An octagonal shape was introduced on the outside of its rounded circle, leaving the original design unchanged.<ref name=":1" />

{| class="wikitable"
!serial no
!Year of coin issue
!Image of the obverse of the coin
!Image of the other side of the coin
|-
|1
|1973
|[[File:বাংলাদেশী পয়সা - Bangladeshi Coin Front Part.png|150x150px]]
|
|-
|2
|1977
|[[File:বাংলাদেশী পয়সা - Bangladeshi Coin Front Part.png|150x150px]]
|[[File:50 Paisa bangladesh.png|150x150px]]
|-
|3
|2001
|[[File:৫০ পয়সা ২০০১ সালের নকশা সম্মূখভাগ - 50 Paisa year 2001 Front Part.png|150x150px]]
|[[File:৫০ পয়সা ২০০১ সালের নকশা - 50 Paisa year 2001 Back Part.png|151x151px]]
|}

==characteristics==
Along with the change in design, some of the features of the fifty paisa coins were also changed. These are:
{| class="wikitable"
!ক্রমিক নং
!মুদ্রা প্রকাশের সাল
!ধাতব উপাদান
!মুদ্রার আকৃতি
!ব্যসার্ধ (মিলিমিটার)
!পুরুত্ব (মিলিমিটার)
!ওজন (গ্রাম)
|-
|1
|1973
|[[Steel]]
|গোলাকার
|২১.৯<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh 50-POISHA (KM13) |url=https://www.coinzoo.net/asia-world-coin-collection/item/bangladesh-50-poisha-km13 |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=www.coinzoo.net}}</ref>
| -
|৪.০<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2
|1977
|Steel
|গোলাকার
|২২<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=50 Poisha, Bangladesh |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1973.html |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref>
|১.৫৫<ref name=":1" />
|৪.০৫<ref name=":1" />
|-
|3
|2001
|Steel
|অষ্টাভুজাকৃতি<ref>{{Cite web |title=Currency museum (Coinage) |url=https://www.bb.org.bd/currency/coin.php |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=www.bb.org.bd}}</ref>
|১৯.৬<ref name=":3" />
|
|২.৬<ref name=":2" />
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Money}}
* [[Bangladeshi five Paisa]]
* [[Bangladeshi taka]]
* [[Economy of Bangladesh]]
* [[Paisa]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Coins of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Currencies of Bangladesh]]

{{coin-stub}}
{{Bangladesh-stub}}