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Shivaji IV of Kolhapur

2026-05-06T03:55:55Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting A Article Needs Work

{{Short description|Raja of Kolhapur from 1871 to 1883}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shivaji IV
| title = [[Chhatrapati]] and [[Raja]] of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]]
| titletext = [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India|KCSI]]
| image = Shivaji IV, Raja of Kolhapur.jpg
| caption = Shivaji IV in {{circa|1875}}
| reign = 23 October 1871 – 25 December 1883
| predecessor = [[Rajaram I of Kolhapur]]
| successor = [[Shahu of Kolhapur]]
| birth_name = Naranayao Bhosle
| birth_date = {{birth date|1863|04|05|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1883|12|25|1863|04|05|df=yes}}
| consort = Anandabai
| father = Dinkarrao Bhosle (biological)
| mother = Radhabai (biological) Rani Tarabai (adoptive)
}}

'''[[Chhatrapati]] Shivaji IV''' (5 April 1863 – 25 December 1883){{Efn|Most sources including historians [[Manohar Malgonkar]], Shruti Kapila, Avanish Kapil, and others refer to him as Shivaji IV, as he was the fourth Raja/Maharaja of Kolhapur with the regnal name Shivaji. A few websites refer to him as Shivaji VI or Shivaji V.}} was [[Raja]] of [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]] from 1871 to 1883.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Malgonkar |first=Manohar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126238/page/n565/mode/2up?q=%22shivaji%20iv%22 |title=Chhatrapatis Of Kolhapur |date=1960 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Bombay |pages=542–587}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kapila |first=Shruti |date=May 2005 |title=Masculinity and Madness: Princely Personhood and Colonial Sciences of the Mind in Western India 1871-1940 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3600708 |journal=Past & Present |volume= |pages=121–156 |jstor=3600708|issue=187 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gti015 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Shivaji IV, Raja of Kolhapur (1863-83): Prince of Wales Tour of India 1875-6 |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2701626/shivaji-iv-raja-of-kolhapur-1863-83-prince-of-wales-tour-of-india-1875-6 |access-date=4 April 2026 |work=Royal Collection Trust}}</ref> On 1 January 1878, at age 14, he was knighted with the title of [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI).<ref name=":4" /> Diagnosed by British doctors as mentally ill, he was subjected to mistreatment and died under mysterious circumstances at the age of 20.<ref name=":2" />

== Early life ==

Born on 5 April 1863, Narayanao was the son of Dinkarrao Bhosle, an [[Inamdar (title)|inamdar]], and Radhabai.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Latthe |first=Anna Babaji |url=https://archive.org/details/shahu-memoirs/Shahu%20Vol%20I/page/n43/mode/2up?q=%22shivaji%20iv%22 |title=Memoirs Of His Highness Shri Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaja Of Kolhapur |date=1924 |publisher=Times Press |volume=1 |pages=19–22 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> A descendant of [[Shivaji]], he was from the Sawardekar branch of the [[Bhosle]] family.<ref name=":4" />

=== Adoption as heir ===

On 23 October 1871, at the age of eight and a half, he was adopted as heir to the [[Kolhapur State]], and became known as Shivaji IV.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> He was chosen from as many as eight candidates to succeed [[Rajaram I of Kolhapur]], who had died childless in 1870.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgebiograp00davi/page/1061/mode/2up?q=%22Shivaji+IV%22 |title=The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia |date=1998 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0521630991 |edition=2nd |pages=RR1061}}</ref> His accession as [[Raja]] followed an [[interregnum]] of ten months and twenty-two days during which there was technically no ruler of Kolhapur.<ref name=":4" />

Shivaji IV was subsequently treated as an official ward of the British colonial authorities due to his young age.<ref name=":4" /> His adoptive mother, [[Rani]] Tarabai, was barely twelve years old herself.<ref name=":4" /> The political agent Colonel Anderson appointed Captain Edward West, who had been the guardian of the late Rajaram, as his guardian.<ref name=":4" /> They sought to keep the Raja away from the palace, far from the influence of the royal court attendants and female family members.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />

Two young princes close in age to Shivaji were selected and brought to Kolhapur to study and play with him.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> After West was transferred out of Kolhapur in January 1873, the assistant political agent S. Hammick took over as his guardian.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Patil |first=Avanish |date=2006–2007 |title=Public Opinion in Colonial India: The "Kesari" and the Kolhapur Affair, 1881-1883 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147990 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=67 |pages=711–724 |jstor=44147990}}</ref>

=== Early education ===

In the early years, Yeshwantrao Wasudev Athale was engaged as his tutor.<ref name=":4" /> Shivaji IV and the two princes – Basaheb Sardesai of [[Sawantwadi State|Sawantwadi]] and Balasaheb Ghorpade of [[Mudhol State|Mudhol]] – attended Kolhapur High School during the day and were expected to do homework in the mornings and evenings, according to a strict timetable.<ref name=":4" />

When Hammick took over as guardian in 1873, he arranged to have a special school set up for children of the nobility, with its own building and staff.<ref name=":4" /> Three more boys from noble families of Mhaisal, [[Nippani]], and [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadi]] joined the Raja and the two princes at the new Rajaram High School.<ref name=":4" /> Following Anderson's departure in 1874, Colonel Schneider took his place as political agent.<ref name=":4" /> Schneider appointed a new tutor, Achyat Narayan Ajgaonkar, after the first tutor retired.<ref name=":4" />

== Relations with British royalty ==

=== Prince of Wales ===

In October 1875, the [[Edward VII|Prince of Wales]] visited [[Bombay]]. Shivaji IV travelled to the city, where he presented the Prince with a jewelled sword and dagger.<ref name=":4" /> In return, the Prince of Wales presented the Raja with a British officer's sword, a gold medal, a snuff box, an atlas and a photograph of himself.<ref name=":4" /> During the visit, the Prince also acquired a portrait of Shivaji IV.<ref name=":0" /> To commemorate the visit, the Albert Edward Hospital was later built in Kolhapur.<ref name=":4" />

=== Knighthood ===

During the [[Great Famine of 1876–1878]], the new [[governor of Bombay]], [[Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet|Sir Richard Temple]], visited Kolhapur twice.<ref name=":4" /> Impressed with the relief work performed in the region, he announced that Shivaji IV would be awarded a [[Order of the Star of India|knighthood]].<ref name=":4" /> Originally it was planned to confer the Raja with the knighthood in 1877 at a [[Durbar (court)|durbar]] in [[Delhi]] to celebrate [[Queen Victoria]]'s assumption of the title [[Emperor of India]]. However, due to the ongoing famine, his trip to Delhi was cancelled.<ref name=":4" />

Instead, Shivaji IV was conferred as a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] at a durbar in [[Kolhapur State|Kolhapur]] on 1 January 1878. Accounts from this time indicate that the Raja was healthy, both mentally and physically, and that he had made "commendable" progress in his studies.<ref name=":4" />

== Marriage ==

Shivaji IV was married on 21 May 1878.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sadhu |first=Arun |url=https://archive.org/details/maharashtrasadhu/mode/2up?q=%22shivaji%20iv%22 |title=Maharashtra |date=2007 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |isbn=978-81-237-4961-7 |pages=169}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> His bride was Yamanubai, the daughter of Waghojirao [[Shirke]] of [[Satara district|Satara]], who was ten-and-a-half years old.<ref name=":4" /> She took the married name Anandibai.<ref name=":4" />

Dowager Sakwarbai, the second wife of Chhatrapati [[Rajaram II of Kolhapur|Rajaram]], and other family elders had pushed for the Raja to be married in recognition of his coming of age.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> According to the historian Shruti Kapila, while his British wards had prioritised the prince's education, marriage was a priority in the Indian context.<ref name=":1" /> Schneider, who obtained the consent of the [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay colonial government]] in February 1878, had stipulated that the bride should be chosen "from amongst the many [[Marathi people|Maratha]] families of distinction but in reduced circumstances".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> Yamanubai was chosen from as many as forty-five proposals of marriage from high-ranking Maratha families.<ref name=":4" /> Out of sensitivity to the ongoing famine, the wedding of Shivaji IV and Anandibai was not a lavish affair, unlike most princely weddings.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />

== Further education ==

In October 1878, Shivaji IV was sent by British officials to [[Rajkumar College, Rajkot|Rajkumar College]], also known as the Princes' College, at [[Rajkot]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> The intention was to provide the Raja with an [[Etonian]]-style education and to help him overcome his "shyness".<ref name=":1" /> Founded in 1870 and led by principal Chester Mcnaughton, Rajkumar College emphasised physical exercise as well as sermons on "gentlemanly duty and benevolent rule".<ref name=":1" /> A special tutor, B. P. Modak, was selected to accompany Shivaji.<ref name=":4" /> Also joining were two of his companions, Sidhojirao Appasaheb Desai Nipanikar and Appasaheb Shinde Mahisalkar.<ref name=":4" />

School records graded Shivaji's performance as "average" and do not indicate that he was struggling.<ref name=":4" /> He played in a [[Cricket|cricket match]] and participated in other sports.<ref name=":4" /> Although he did not win any awards, he also avoided getting into trouble.<ref name=":4" /> In April 1879, Shivaji returned to Kolhapur at the end of the term.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> After the summer holidays, Shivaji briefly went back to Rajkumar College in June with his tutor and two companions. Apparently ill, within a few weeks, he was taken back to Bombay for a medical examination and assessment of his mental state.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" />

== Illness and maltreatment ==

The question of the mental state of Shivaji IV is a matter of significant controversy and ultimately became known as the Kolhapur Affair (Kolhapur ''Prakaran'').<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> According to British officials, upon his return from Rajaram College in April 1879, the Raja began to show signs of [[mental illness]].<ref name=":2" /> Upon examining him, three British doctors – Hunt, Cook and Murphy – recommended a "change of air".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> In October 1879, Shivaji was sent to [[Mahabaleshwar]] station, where the air was cooler.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Initially he was accompanied by his tutor Modak, as well as Rambhau Ainarpurkar, a clerk from the office of the [[Karbhari]].<ref name=":4" /> In December 1879, they were joined by Shivaji's new guardian Edmund Cox, who had been appointed assistant political agent.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> The Indian author [[Manohar Malgonkar]] described Cox as "an arrogant [[Jingoism|jingo]] in the worst [[Rudyard Kipling|Kipling]] tradition, a man who implicitly believed in race-superiority" and "the sort of abrasive individual whose enforced companionship would have driven most normal Indians to insanity".<ref name=":4" />

In July 1880, Hunt, Cook and Murphy reported that Shivaji IV was suffering from "delusions" and recommended replacing all his Indian servants with Europeans, implying that this would protect him from "harmful" or "evil tendencies".<ref name=":2" /> According to Cox, Shivaji was exhibiting a crisis of identity, denying that he was the [[Maharaja]] of Kolhapur and claiming on different occasions to be the Prince of Wales or an Ottoman soldier defending the [[Khyber Pass]]. Shivaji was moved to the [[Fort of Ahmednagar]] with two custodians, Cox and the soldier [[Private (rank)|Private]] Thomas Green.<ref name=":2" /> According to his successor [[Shahu of Kolhapur]], while Shivaji was essentially being kept captive at the Fort of Ahmednagar, he was subjected to mistreatment by Green, which included withholding his food from him. Concerned for his son's welfare, his birth father Dinkarrao Bhosle tried repeatedly to see him, but was denied.<ref name=":5" /> Finding his situation intolerable, Shivaji IV twice tried to escape from Cox and Green.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> On one occasion, he tried to slip away disguised as a cart driver, using cigar ash to blacken his face.<ref name=":2" /> On another, he tried to gallop away during his daily horse ride.<ref name=":2" />

=== Newspaper coverage ===

In 1881, Indian-owned newspapers led by the ''[[Kesari (Marathi newspaper)|Kesari]]'' started publishing critical articles demanding an inquiry into Shivaji's mental health and welfare, significantly influencing public opinion.<ref name=":2" /> In contrast, Anglo-Indian newspapers such as ''[[The Times of India]]'' and the ''[[Bombay Gazette]]'' published editorials arguing that Shivaji IV was insane and that Cox and Green were doing whatever they could to help him.<ref name=":2" />

Asserting that his mental illness was "incurable", the Anglo-Indian newspapers made the case for designating a new prince to replace Shivaji.<ref name=":2" /> The ''Kesari'' and other Indian-owned newspapers countered that replacing Shivaji was unnecessary because his mental state was the result of the cruel treatment he had been subjected to by Cox, Green and Mahadev Barve, the [[Karbhari]] of Kolhapur.<ref name=":2" /> On 17 January 1882, the ''Kesari'' published three letters allegedly written by Barve to subordinate officials "which indicated his involvement along with some British officials and native
servants in a plot to poison Shivaji IV." The article argued that keeping the Raja in their custody was dangerous and that Shivaji might even try to harm himself in desperation.<ref name=":2" />

=== Defamation suit and testimony ===

As public opinion intensified, the British colonial government asked Barve to file a [[defamation lawsuit]] in the courts to clear his name.<ref name=":2" /> The lawsuit named five individuals.<ref name=":2" /> Nana Bhide, the lawyer for Shivaji's birth mother, and Keshav Bakahale, were accused of sending false letters, while Agarkar, Tilak, and Vaman Ranade, the editors of the ''Kesari'', ''Mahratta'', and ''Dnyan Prakash'', were accused of publishing them. The trial began in January 1882. In July 1882, the [[Bombay High Court]] ruled in favour of Barve, sentencing the editors to four-months' imprisonment.<ref name=":2" />

Although they lost the legal case, the proceedings received considerable interest in western Maharashtra and exposed many facts about the maltreatment of Shivaji IV. Murphy testified that he had beaten the Raja in front of his servants two or three times, deeming such beatings to be "necessary".<ref name=":2" /> Green also admitted physically abusing Shivaji.<ref name=":2" /> In the end, the jury decided to ignore the question of maltreatment and decided the case purely on the question of whether the letters were authentic.<ref name=":2" /> Barve claimed that the signatures on the letters did not resemble his handwriting. Although several witnesses testified they recognised his signature, convincing many in the broader public about the authenticity of the letters, the jury determined that there was no evidence that they were genuine and could have been traced.<ref name=":2" />

== Death and legacy ==
[[File:Chh. Shivaji IV of Kolhapur 02.jpg|thumb|Bust of Chh. Shivaji IV of Kolhapur in the gardens of New Palace, Kolhapur]]

On 25 December 1883, Shivaji IV died following a physical altercation with Green.<ref name=":1" /> The coroner's report returned a verdict of accidental death due to the rupture of the Raja's [[enlarged spleen]] during the altercation, though a doctor who had examined Shivaji IV a week earlier did not report any enlargement of his spleen. The academic Avanish Patel noted that claims of ruptured spleens were often used in late-19th century India to let Europeans off the hook for murdering Indians. His medical records from one week prior did not mention anything wrong with his spleen.<ref name=":2" /> His widow, Rani Anandibai, adopted his successor, [[Shahu of Kolhapur]], in 1884.<ref name=":3" />

== Titles ==
* 1863–1871: Shrimant Narayanrao Dinkarrao Bhonsle

* 1871–1877: [[His Highness]] Shrimant Rajashri Shivaji IV [[Chhatrapati]] [[Maharaj]] [[Sahib]] [[Rao Bahadur]], [[Raja]] of [[Kolhapur]]

* 1878–1883: His Highness Shrimant Rajashri Sir Shivaji IV Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Raja of Kolhapur, [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Bhonsle|Bhonsle dynasty]] (Kolhapur line)|| || }}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef
| before = [[Rajaram II of Kolhapur|Rajaram of Kolhapur]] (as Raja of Kolhapur)
}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Kolhapur|Raja of Kolhapur]]
| years = 1871–1883
}}
{{S-aft
| after = [[Shahu of Kolhapur]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shivaji 04}}
[[Category:Maharajas of Kolhapur]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1883 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian royalty]]

Abbur, Bengaluru South district

2026-05-05T14:14:40Z

BrockVanhoose67: starting place

{{for|village in Mysore district|Abbur, Piriyapatna taluk}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Abbur, Ramanagara
| native_name = Abbur (Channapatna)
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.6991400|N|77.1744800|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru South district|Bengaluru South]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Channapatna
| government_type =
| governing_body = Village Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Ramanagara
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Village Panchayat
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
''' Abbur''' is a small village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Village/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx |title=Census of India : List of Villages Alphabetical Order > Karnataka |work=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-18 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} , Census Village code= 2252100</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com |title=Yahoo! maps India |accessdate=2009-04-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082545/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/ |archivedate=2008-12-18 }} Abbur (Channapatna), Ramanagara District, Karnataka</ref> It is located in the [[Channapatna]] [[taluk]] of [[Bengaluru South district]] in Karnataka.

Abbur is situated on the banks of the River Kanva. The village is famous for its divine spirituality. The place is a home to Saints of Vaishnava prophets and Mula-Brindavan of Sri Brahmanya. It is believed that Sri Brahmanya Thirtha, a great saint meditated for a long period of time inside a cave in Abbur. Before leaving for Brindavana, he passed the legacy to [[Vyasatirtha|Sri Vysaraja]] and pronounced him as the head of the mutt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karnataka.com/mysore/abbur|title = Abbur - the Center of Faith|date = 20 August 2016}}</ref> The mutt is now termed as Kundapura Mutt. There are many idols that are worshipped here like Sita, Ramchandra, Lakshmidevi etc.

==See also==
* [[Bengaluru South district]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* https://bangalorerural.nic.in/en/

[[Category:Villages in Ramanagara district]]

{{BengaluruSouth-geo-stub}}

Oddanchatram Assembly constituency

2026-05-01T00:49:21Z

BrockVanhoose67: new new entry basic info

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{coord|10.4882986|77.7345856|display=title|format=dms}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 128
| map_image = Constitution-Oddanchatram.svg
| established = 1951
| district = [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency|Dindigul]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[R. Sakkarapani]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Oddanchatram
| electors = 220,238
| reservation = None
}}

'''Oddanchatram''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Dindigul district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 23 January 2017}}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 128. It comes under [[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===

{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Subramaniya Lakshmipathi Naicker
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|----
|[[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Karuthappa Gounder
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]], [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[A. Senapathi Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| N. Gounder
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===

{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| Nachimuthu
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Palaniyappan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. Kuppuswamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| P. Kaliyappan
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| A.T. Sellasamy
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan=6|[[R. Sakkarapani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.90}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|64.26}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.99}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.67}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.40}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.57}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|69.83}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|35.81}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.86}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.26}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|37.09}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.99}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.55}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.25}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|73.94}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|48.58}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vidiyal S. Sekar|party=Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pazha Ragupathi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mohan |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =217698 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=109,970 |percentage=54.90% |change={{decrease}} 9.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. P. Nataraj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=81,228 |percentage=40.55% |change={{increase}} 10.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Sakthi Devi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=4,944 |percentage=2.47% |change={{increase}} 2.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,457 |percentage=0.73% |change={{increase}} 0.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Siva Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,427 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Abdul Hadi |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,082 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,742 |percentage=14.35% |change=-20.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=200,299 |percentage=83.04% |change= -1.87% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=82 |percentage=0.04% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 241,216 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.36% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=121,715 |percentage=64.26% |change={{increase}} 12.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kittusamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,988 |percentage=29.56% |change={{decrease}} 13.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Santhanam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,684 |percentage=1.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Palanisamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,909 |percentage=1.01% |change={{decrease}} 0 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,274 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muthukumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,050 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=65,727 |percentage=34.70% |change=25.85% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=189,414 |percentage=84.91% |change= -1.21% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,074 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 12.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=87,743 |percentage=51.99% |change={{decrease}} 1.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Baalasubramani |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,810 |percentage=43.14% |change={{increase}} 6.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Velkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=3,092 |percentage=1.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Palanisamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,708 |percentage=1.01% |change={{decrease}} 0.37 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,933 |percentage=8.85% |change=-7.89% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=195,975 |percentage=86.13% |change= 11.39% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 168,785 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.68% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=63,811 |percentage=53.67% |change={{increase}} 7.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Nallasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,908 |percentage=36.93% |change={{decrease}} 8.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Balasubramani |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,457 |percentage=4.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Karuppusamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,642 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Murugan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,199 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Inbaraja |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=739 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chellamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=595 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,903 |percentage=16.74% |change=15.54% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=118,896 |percentage=74.73% |change= 10.28% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,094 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,896 |percentage=46.40% |change={{decrease}} 12.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. T. Sellasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=51,527 |percentage=45.20% |change={{increase}} 19.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pon. Churchill |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,525 |percentage=3.97% |change={{decrease}} 3.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Loganathan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,962 |percentage=1.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Arjunan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,242 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Murugan |party=Independent politician |votes=556 |percentage=0.49% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,369 |percentage=1.20% |change=-31.29% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=114,010 |percentage=64.45% |change= -4.62% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,900 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.17% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Sakkarapani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,379 |percentage=58.57% |change={{increase}} 29.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sellamuthu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,556 |percentage=26.08% |change={{decrease}} 43.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Mohan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,565 |percentage=7.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Eswaravel |party=Independent politician |votes=5,392 |percentage=4.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Senniappan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,457 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=36,823 |percentage=32.49% |change=-8.31% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=113,331 |percentage=69.07% |change= 6.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 170,995 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.26% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. T. Chellamuthu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,669 |percentage=69.83% |change={{increase}} 39.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Mohan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,205 |percentage=29.02% |change={{decrease}} 6.79 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=42,464 |percentage=40.80% |change=35.38% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=104,070 |percentage=62.96% |change= -11.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 170,862 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 34.01% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kaliappan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,540 |percentage=35.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Balasubramani |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,699 |percentage=30.38% |change={{decrease}} 19.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Palaniappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,370 |percentage=23.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kuppuswamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,445 |percentage=7.85% |change={{decrease}} 42.01 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,841 |percentage=5.43% |change=2.77% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=107,616 |percentage=74.14% |change= -0.98% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,504 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.04% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Kuppuswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,466 |percentage=49.86% |change={{increase}} 4.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chellamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=43,985 |percentage=47.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Naguvel |party=Independent politician |votes=565 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Thangavel |party=Independent politician |votes=518 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Chinnappan |party=Independent politician |votes=477 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. V. Gopal |party=Independent politician |votes=471 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,481 |percentage=2.66% |change=-11.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=93,200 |percentage=75.12% |change= 14.84% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,723 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.59% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Kuppuswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,269 |percentage=45.26% |change={{increase}} 14.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Palaniswamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,882 |percentage=30.65% |change={{decrease}} 6.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Palaniyappan |party=Independent politician |votes=18,480 |percentage=23.72% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,387 |percentage=14.61% |change= 8.32% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,922 |percentage=60.28% |change= 0.32% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,378 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 8.18% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Palaniappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,000 |percentage=37.09% |change={{decrease}} 2.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kuppuswamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,419 |percentage=30.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muthusamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=15,072 |percentage=20.70% |change={{decrease}} 38.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kaliappan |party=Janata Party |votes=5,925 |percentage=8.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kathamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,696 |percentage=2.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Kalyanasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=692 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,581 |percentage=6.29% |change= -12.76% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,804 |percentage=59.96% |change= -8.04% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,168 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -21.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Nachimuthu Goundar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,845 |percentage=58.99% |change={{increase}} 3.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Palaniyappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,654 |percentage=39.94% |change={{decrease}} 3.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mariyappa Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=736 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,191 |percentage=19.05% |change= 6.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,235 |percentage=68.00% |change= -7.42% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,416 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.45% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Gounder |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,817 |percentage=55.55% |change={{increase}} 12.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. Palaniappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,953 |percentage=43.18% |change={{decrease}} 11.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. S. M. Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=910 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,864 |percentage=12.37% |change= 1.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,680 |percentage=75.42% |change= 6.35% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,705 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.30% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Senapathi Gounder]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,380 |percentage=54.25% |change={{decrease}} 19.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nachimuthu Gounder |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,327 |percentage=43.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mariappa Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=1,297 |percentage=2.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,053 |percentage=10.81% |change= -37.07% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,004 |percentage=69.07% |change= 25.05% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,019 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -19.69% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Karuthappa Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,646 |percentage=73.94% |change={{increase}} 35.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Angamuthu Naicker |party=Independent politician |votes=9,392 |percentage=26.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,254 |percentage=47.88% |change= 37.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,038 |percentage=44.02% |change= -16.45% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,873 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 25.36% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Oddanchatram<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Subramaniya Lakshmipathy Naicker |party=Independent politician |votes=20,076 |percentage=48.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Karuthappa Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,986 |percentage=38.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kamal Yusuf Rowther |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,266 |percentage=12.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,090 |percentage=9.90% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,328 |percentage=60.47% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,349 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dindigul district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Varsha Adalja

2026-04-29T04:37:05Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting The Data W/ Refs

{{short description|Indian author (born 1940)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Varsha Adalja
| image =Varsha Adalaja 01.jpg
| caption = Adalja at [[Jamnagar]], 1995
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1940|04|10}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]] (present Mumbai), [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Novelist|playwright|negotiator}}
| language = Gujarati
| nationality = Indian
| education =
| notableworks = ''Ansar''
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Sahitya Academy Award]] (1995)
*[[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (2005)}}
}}

'''Varsha Mahendra Adalja''' (born 10 April 1940) is an Indian [[Gujarati language]] feminist novelist, playwright and negotiator, who won the 1995 [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Gujarati|Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati language]] for her novel ''Ansar''. She is also a dramatist, writing for stage plays, screenplays, and radio.

==Early life==
She was born on 10 April 1940 in [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]) to [[Gunvantrai Acharya]], Gujarati novelist, and Nilaben. Her family belonged to [[Jamnagar]]. She completed B.A. in Gujarati and [[Sanskrit]] from [[Mumbai University]] in 1960.<ref name="gsp">{{cite web|url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Varsha-Adalaja.html|title=સાહિત્યસર્જક: વર્ષા અડાલજા|last1=Vyas|first1=Daksha|author-link=Daksha Vyas|last2=Topiwala|first2=Chandrakant|author-link2=Chandrakant Topiwala|publisher=Gujarati Sahitya Parishad|language=gu|trans-title=Writer: Varsha Adalja}}</ref> Later she completed M.A. in [[Sociology]] in 1962.<ref name="loc">{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/varshaadalja.html|title=Varsha Adalja, 1940-|publisher=The Library of Congress Office|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="gsp"/> She studied drama at [[National School of Drama]], Delhi under scholarship. She worked as a spokesperson of [[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|Akashvani]], Mumbai from 1961 to 1964. She married Mahendra Adalja in 1965. She started writing in 1966. Her sister [[Ila Arab Mehta]] is also a novelist.

==Literary career==
[[File:Varsha Adalaja 002.JPG|thumb|Varsha Adalja at 47th annual conference of [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]]]
Varsha Adalja started her literary career as an editor of ''Sudha'', a women's weekly from 1973–1976, and later with ''Gujarati Femina'', another women's magazine from 1989–90. She holds an executive office with [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] since 1978.<ref name="loc"/><ref name="Dutt1999">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&pg=PA13|title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|author=Kartik Chandra Dutt|date=1 January 1999|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0873-5|page=13}}</ref><ref name="AGSI">{{cite book|title=અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ - આધુનિક અને અનુઆધુનિક યુગ (History of Modern Gujarati Literature – Modern and Postmodern Era)|last=Brahmabhatt|first=Prasad|publisher=Parshwa Publication|year=2010|isbn=978-93-5108-247-7|location=Ahmedabad|pages=258–260|language=gu}}</ref> She has explored [[lepers]]’ colonies, prison life and has worked among [[adivasis]].<ref name="tameside">{{cite web|url=http://www.tameside.gov.uk/libraries/varshaadalja|title=Varsha Adalja visits Tameside|date=15 April 2009|publisher=Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council|location=Tameside|access-date=2 November 2011}}</ref>

==Works==
She has penned 40 books, including 22 novels and seven volumes of short stories.<ref name="tameside"/><ref name="TharuLalita1993">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA465|title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century|author1=Susie J. Tharu|author2=Ke Lalita|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|year=1993|isbn=978-1-55861-029-3|pages=465–466}}</ref> ''Shravan Tara Saravada'' (1968) and ''Timirna Padchhaya'' (1969) are her initial novels, followed by ''Ek Palni Parakh'' (1969). ''Panch ne ek Panch'' (1969), ''Avajno Akar'' (1975), ''Chhevatnu Chhevat'' (1976), ''Pachha Farata'' (1991) and ''Pagala'' (1983) are her suspense novels. ''Neelima Mrutyu Pami Chhe'' (1977) is a social as well as suspense novel. ''Atash'' (1976) is a novel on violence in [[Vietnam]]. Her ''Bandivan'' (1986) is about corruption in jails.

Her other novels are:

* ''Ganth Chuutyani Vela'' (1980),
* ''Mrityudand'' (1996),
* ''Matinu Ghar'' (1991),
* ''Shag Re Shakoru'' (2004),
* ''Paratham Pagalu Mandiyu'' (2008) and
* ''Pagalu Mandu Hu Avkashma'' (2005)

Her other novellas are:
* ''Mare Pan Ek Ghar Hoy'' (1971),
* ''Retpankhi'' (1974) and
* ''Khari Padelo Tahuko'' (1983)

''Khari Padelo Tahuko'' also includes another novella ''Ek Karagar'' in its book.<ref name=AGSI/> ''Ansar'' (1992) is her most celebrated novel on [[lepers]].<ref name=AGSI/>

Her short story collections are ''E'' (1979), ''Sanjne Umbare'' (1983), ''Endhani'' (1989), ''Bilipatranu Chothu Paan'' (1994), ''Ganthe Bandhyu Akash'' (1998), ''Anuradha'' (2003) and ''Koi Var Thay Ke...'' (2004). Her selected stories are published as ''Varsha Adaljani Shreshth Vartao'' (1992) edited by [[Ila Arab Mehta]].<ref name=AGSI/>

''Mandodari'' (1998) is a collection of [[one-act play]]s. ''Aa Chhe Karagar'' (1986), ''Tirad'', ''Shaheed'' (2003), ''Vasanti Koyal'' (2006) are her plays. Her novels ''Mare Pan Ek Ghar Hoy'' and ''Retpankhi'' are adapted for short TV series. ''Timirna Padchhaya'' was adapted into three-act play and has more than a hundred shows. She adapted her father's novel as ''Daridranarayan'' as TV series and later as a play. She has produced an award-winning television film on leprosy, ''Ansar''.<ref name="loc"/><ref name=AGSI/>

Her essay collections include ''Prithvi Tirth'' (1994) and ''Akhu Akash Ek Pinjarma'' (2007). Her travelogues are ''Nabh Zukyu'' (2002), ''Ghughave Chhe Jal'' (2002), ''Shivoham'' (2006) and ''Sharanagat'' (2007). She edited ''Amar Premkathao'' (2000).<ref name=AGSI/>

''Crossroad'' was published in 2016. It is a magnum opus historical novel spread over three generations.

==Awards==
She received [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1995) for her novel ''Ansar''.<ref name=sahitya>{{cite web | url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10318.htm#gujarati | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331234109/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10318.htm#gujarati | archive-date=31 March 2009 | title=Sanskrit Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2007 | publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website | access-date=29 June 2009 | url-status=dead }}</ref> She also received Soviet Land Nehru Award (1976), Gujarati Sahitya Academy Award (1977, 1979, 1980), Gujarati Sahitya Parishad Award (1972, 1975) and K. M. Munshi Award (1997). She received [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 2005. She has received Nandshankar Mehta Chandrak, Saroj Pathak Prize and Ramnarayan Pathak Short Story Prize for story writing.<ref name="loc"/><ref name=AGSI/>

==See also==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Gujarati]]
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Ramesh Parekh]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = Recipient of the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Gujarati|Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Gujarati]] | years = 1995}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Himanshi Shelat]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adalja, Varsha}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Gujarati]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:Novelists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]

Yamunotri Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:18Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting A Info Initial Version

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Yamunotri
| mla = [[Sanjay Dobhal]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Uttarkashi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Tehri Garhwal]]
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
| electors = 75,821
| constituency_no = 2
| map_image = Yamunotri Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Yamunotri Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 assembly constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] a northern state of [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> [[Yamunotri]] is part of [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly Constitution Detail |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060144/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060201/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
| [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || [[Pritam Singh Panwar]] || {{Full party name with color|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || [[Kedar Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || [[Pritam Singh Panwar]] || {{Full party name with color|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || [[Kedar Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || [[Sanjay Dobhal]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yamunotri Assembly constituency|Yamunotri]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Dobhal]] |party=Independent politician |votes=22,952 |percentage=44.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak Bijalwan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,313 |percentage=31.28% |change={{increase}}2.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,620 |percentage=20.36% |change={{decrease}}21.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoj Kohli Shyam |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=583 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=565 |percentage=1.08% |change={{increase}}0.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagaveer Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=343 |percentage=0.66% |change={{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishal Singh |party=Rashtriya Uttarakhand Party |votes=295 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand Ramola |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=264 |percentage=0.51% |change={{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,639 |percentage=12.73% |change= {{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,153 |percentage=67.75% |change= {{increase}}0.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,982 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.36 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yamunotri Assembly constituency|Yamunotri]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,800 |percentage=41.88% |change={{increase}}14.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Dobhal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,840 |percentage=29.27% |change={{decrease}}0.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prakash Chand Ramola |party=Independent politician |votes=7,061 |percentage=14.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranveer Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,613 |percentage=9.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbahadur Singh Bauddh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=530 |percentage=1.12% |change={{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=424 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaiprakash |party=Sarv Vikas Party |votes=342 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharmanand Bijalwan |party=Independent politician |votes=248 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Purushottam Uniyal |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=246 |percentage=0.52% |change={{decrease}}35.63 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,960 |percentage=12.61% |change= {{increase}}6.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,276 |percentage=67.16% |change= {{decrease}}3.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,393 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.79 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |swing= {{increase}}5.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yamunotri Assembly constituency|Yamunotri]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pritam Singh Panwar]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=15,909 |percentage=36.15% |change={{increase}}11.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,313 |percentage=30.25% |change={{decrease}}1.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagveer Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,961 |percentage=27.18% |change={{increase}}13.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahaveer Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,058 |percentage=2.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijendra Prasad |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=867 |percentage=1.97% |change={{decrease}}10.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jeet Singh Bhadkoti |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=454 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Murari Lal |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=374 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,596 |percentage=5.90% |change= {{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,004 |percentage=71.13% |change= {{increase}}0.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,863 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.78 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yamunotri Assembly constituency|Yamunotri]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,484 |percentage=31.37% |change={{increase}}11.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pritam Singh Panwar]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=11,156 |percentage=24.16% |change={{decrease}}2.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vimla Devi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,283 |percentage=13.61% |change={{decrease}}1.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Darshan Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,581 |percentage=12.09% |change={{increase}}0.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranveer Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,711 |percentage=8.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sakal Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=2,518 |percentage=5.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhonkar Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=678 |percentage=1.47% |change={{decrease}}3.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parshuram Jaguri |party=Bharatiya Jan Shakti |votes=640 |percentage=1.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabbal Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=599 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=518 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,328 |percentage=7.21% |change= {{increase}}0.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,168 |percentage=70.17% |change= {{increase}}6.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,797 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |swing= {{increase}}5.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yamunotri Assembly constituency|Yamunotri]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pritam Singh Panwar]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=9,498 |percentage=26.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,013 |percentage=19.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sulochana |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,584 |percentage=15.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Buddhi Singh` |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,999 |percentage=11.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbeer Singh Bist |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=1,909 |percentage=5.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manveer Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,667 |percentage=4.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranveer Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,304 |percentage=3.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishan Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,269 |percentage=3.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sangat Singh Chauhan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,041 |percentage=2.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhaunkar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=922 |percentage=2.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimal Dev Awasthi |party=Independent politician |votes=756 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,485 |percentage=6.90% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,013 |percentage=63.87% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,408 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Uttarkashi (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|31.00|78.46|display=title}}

[[Category:Uttarkashi]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarkashi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

Dag Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:33:07Z

BrockVanhoose67: Started a stub...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dag
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-197-Dag.svg
| incumbent_image=
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 197
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Kaluram Meghwal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|latest_election_year = 2023
| electors = {{formatnum:264695}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
}}
'''Dag Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Kaluram Meghwal]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|2}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
| Madanlal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| Ramchandra
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Kaluram Meghwal]]
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="election2023-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.oneindia.com/dag-assembly-elections-rj-197/ |title=Dag Election Result 2023 LIVE: Dag MLA Election Result & Vote Share |access-date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209092730/https://www.oneindia.com/dag-assembly-elections-rj-197/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Dag<ref name="election2023"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kaluram Meghwal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:99251}}
|percentage = 46.56
|change = {{decrease}}5.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chetraj Gehlot
|votes = {{formatnum:76990}}
|percentage = 36.12
|change = {{decrease}}6.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ramchandra Sunariwal
|votes = {{formatnum:23701}}
|percentage = 11.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Badrilal
|votes = {{formatnum:4241}}
|percentage = 1.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Anil
|votes = {{formatnum:3539}}
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Daluram
|votes = {{formatnum:2219}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change = {{decrease}}0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3225}}
|percentage = 1.51
|change = {{decrease}}0.63
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22261}}
|percentage = 10.44
|change = {{increase}}0.59
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:213166}}
|percentage = 80.53
|change = {{increase}}0.58
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{Increase}}0.59
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Dag<ref name="election2018"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kaluram Meghwal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:103665}}
|percentage = 52.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Madan Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:84152}}
|percentage = 42.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|candidate = Vikram Lal Dasauriya
|votes = {{formatnum:2875}}
|percentage = 1.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ramswaroop
|votes = {{formatnum:2078}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4247}}
|percentage = 2.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:19513}}
|percentage = 9.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:198088}}
|percentage = 79.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{Decrease}}19.78
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Dag<ref name="election2013"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramchandra
|votes = 1,03,113
|percentage = 60.62%
|change = +17.03%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Madan Lal
|votes = 52,716
|percentage = 30.99%
|change = -12.60%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,689
|percentage = 2.17%
|change = +2.17%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Daluram
|votes = 3,109
|percentage = 1.83%
|change = -1.57%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = National People's Party (India)
|candidate = Snehlata
|votes = 1,789
|percentage = 1.05%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mohan Lal
|votes = 1,525
|percentage = 0.90%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 50,397
|percentage = 29.63%
|change = 28.32%
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,70,106
|percentage = 80.08%
|change = +10.40%
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{Increase}}29.63
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Dag<ref name="delimitation2008"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Madan Lal
|votes = 58,537
|percentage = 44.90%
|change = +4.97%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ram Lal
|votes = 56,828
|percentage = 43.59%
|change = -11.17%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Nathu Lal
|votes = 4,427
|percentage = 3.40%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Jan Shakti
|candidate = Arvind Singh
|votes = 4,215
|percentage = 3.23%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)
|candidate = Ramkaran
|votes = 4,207
|percentage = 3.23%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Bahujan Party
|candidate = Nathu Lal
|votes = 4,427
|percentage = 3.40%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 1,701
|percentage = 1.31%
|change = -16.14%
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,30,364
|percentage = 69.64%
|change = +1.05%
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{Increase}}1.31
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Jhalawar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|23.93|75.84|display=title}}

[[Category:Jhalawar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Bettiah Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:17:28Z

BrockVanhoose67: starting entry

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bettiah
| type = SLA
| map_image = 8-Bettiah constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Renu Devi]] 
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
| preceded_by = [[Madan Mohan Tiwari]], [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[West Champaran district|Paschim Champaran]]
| division = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Paschim Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|2. Paschim Champaran]]
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|8]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 292,087
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Renu Devi Deputy CM.jpg
| abolished = 
}}

'''[[Bettiah]]''' Assembly constituency is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[West Champaran district|Paschim Champaran district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Bettiah was one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.<ref name="election1993">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/EC-move-to-allay-fears-about-errors-in-EVMs/articleshow/49199345.cms|title=EC move to allay fears about errors in EVMs|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="election2015">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/Current/ImpIns_24092015.pdf|title=General Election to the State Legislative Assembly of Bihar, 2015 - Use of EVMs with Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail System (VVPAT)-reg.}}</ref>

==Overview==
As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 8. Bettiah Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Bettiah]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; and Mohaddipur, Majhaulia, Parsa, Bahuarawa, Gudara, Jaukatia, Bakharia, Rulahi, Rajabhar, Karamawa, Lal Saraiya, Ramnagar Bankat, Amawa Majhar, Majharia Sheikh, Ahawar Kuria, Madhopur, Senuwaria and Bishambharpur [[gram panchayat]]s of Majhaulia CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Bettiah Assembly constituency is part of 2. [[Paschim Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/> It was earlier part of [[Bettiah (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |title=Bettiah Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/bettiah.html |access-date=2022-01-30 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Prajapati Mishra
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|1952^
|Ketaki Devi
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Jay Narayan Prasad
|-
|Jagannath Pd. Swatantra
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Jay Narayan Prasad
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|H.P. Shahi
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|[[Gauri Shankar Pandey]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Krishna Mohan Pandey
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gauri Shankar Pandey]]
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Madan Prasad Jaiswal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Birval Yadava
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="" |[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Renu Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Madan Mohan Tiwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Renu Devi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===

Detailed Results at:
https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/ConstituencywiseS048.htm
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bettiah<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Renu Devi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:91907}}
|percentage = 46.78
|change = -6.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Wasi Ahmad
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:69534}}
|percentage = 35.39
|change = -6.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rohit Kumar Sikaria
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:24665}}
|percentage = 12.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anil Kumar Singh
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:6297}}
|percentage = 3.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1981}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change = -0.25
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22373}}
|percentage = 11.39
|change = +0.09
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:196464}}
|percentage = 67.26
|change = +11.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin||title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: [[Bettiah]]<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Renu Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:84496}}
|percentage = 52.83
|change = {{increase}}9.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Madan Mohan Tiwari]]
|votes = {{formatnum:66417}}
|percentage = 41.53
|change = {{decrease}}3.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Plurals Party
|candidate = Avkash Kumar Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:1559}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2017}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change = {{decrease}}0.04
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18079}}
|percentage = 11.3
|change = {{increase}}9.73
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:159932}}
|percentage = 56.26
|change = {{decrease}}2.98
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bettiah<ref name="election2015"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Madan Mohan Tiwari]]
|votes = {{formatnum:66786}}
|percentage = 45.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Renu Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:64466}}
|percentage = 43.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sameer Hasan
|votes = {{formatnum:2851}}
|percentage = 1.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Mohammad Saidullah
|votes = {{formatnum:1628}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Lakshmi Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:1553}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Punydeo Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:1355}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra Sinha
|votes = {{formatnum:1348}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1918}}
|percentage = 1.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2320}}
|percentage = 1.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:147563}}
|percentage = 59.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bettiah}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Renu Devi]]
|votes = 42,010
|percentage = 39.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Anil Kumar Jha
|votes = 13,221
|percentage = 12.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Madan Mohan Tiwari]]
|votes = 12,499
|percentage = 11.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Virval Yadav
|votes = 11,511
|percentage = 10.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 28,789
|percentage = 27.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,06,163
|percentage = 55.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}
{{coord|26|48|N|84|30|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of West Champaran district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Akash Chikte

2026-04-13T06:27:27Z

BrockVanhoose67: starting a pg

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1992)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
|name=Akash Chikte
|image=
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1992|7|24|df=yes}}
|birth_place=[[Yavatmal]], Maharashtra, India<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=Tushar|title=Training with Sreejesh helped me a lot, says Akash Chikte|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/hockey-india-league/top-stories/training-with-sreejesh-helped-me-a-lot-says-akash-chikte/articleshow/61175472.cms|accessdate=23 January 2018|work=The Times of India|date=22 October 2017}}</ref>
|height=
|position=[[Field hockey#Positions|Goalkeeper]]
|currentclub=
|clubs1=
|years1=
|caps(goals)1=
|nationalteam1=[[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
|nationalyears1=2016–
|nationalcaps(goals)1=
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Dhaka]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Hockey Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016 Kuantan]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's FIH Hockey World League|Hockey World League]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League|2016–17 Bhubaneswar]]|[[2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League Final|Team]]}}
}}
'''Akash Anil Chikte''' (born 24 July 1992) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who plays as a [[Field hockey#Positions|goalkeeper]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Akash Chikte|url=http://hockeyindia.org/team/akash-chikte.html|publisher=Hockey India|accessdate=9 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110060054/http://hockeyindia.org/team/akash-chikte.html|archive-date=10 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was part of the Indian squad that won the gold medal at the [[2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Biswal|first1=Sattwik|title=Sreejesh retained as captain for Asian hockey Champions Trophy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/pr-sreejesh-hockey-captain-asian-hockey-champions-trophy-345259-2016-10-06|access-date=9 November 2016|work=India Today|date=6 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=Tushar|title=Pune's Akash set to make India debut|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Punes-Akash-set-to-make-India-debut/articleshow/51595863.cms|accessdate=9 November 2016|work=The Times of India|date=29 March 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161110060054/http://hockeyindia.org/team/akash-chikte.html Player profile at Hockey India]

{{India FH Squad 2017 Asia Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chikte, Akash}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Yavatmal]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey goalkeepers]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Maharashtra]]

First Janaki Ballabh Patnaik ministry

2026-04-05T07:14:13Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{Short description|Government of Odisha (1980 {{ndash}} 1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_name = First Janaki Ballabh Patnaik ministry
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 19th
| jurisdiction = [[Odisha]]
| flag_border = true
| flag = File:Seal of Odisha.svg
| incumbent = 1980 {{ndash}} 1985
| image = File:Janaki Ballav Patnaik.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Odisha]]
| date_formed = 9 June 1980
| date_dissolved = 10 March 1985
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| government_head = [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]
| deputy_government_head =
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Odisha|Governor]]
| state_head = [[C. M. Poonacha]] [[Judge|Justice]] [[Sukanta Kishore Ray]] (acting) [[C. M. Poonacha]] [[Judge|Justice]] [[Ranganath Misra]] (acting) [[C. M. Poonacha]] [[Bishambhar Nath Pande]]
| members_number = 19
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}}} [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]{{Composition bar|118|147|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|per=1}}
| opposition_party = No Official Opposition (1980 {{ndash}} 1984) [[Janata Party (Secular)]] (1984 {{ndash}} 1985)
| opposition_leader = Vacant (1980 {{ndash}} 1984) [[Sarat Kumar Deb]] (1984 {{ndash}} 1985)
| election = [[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| legislature_term = {{ayd|9 June 1980|10 March 1985}}
| successor = [[Second Janaki Ballabh Patnaik ministry]]
| predecessor = [[Nilamani Routray ministry]]
| incoming_formation = [[8th Orissa Legislative Assembly]]
| outgoing_formation = [[7th Orissa Legislative Assembly]]
}}

'''Janaki Ballabh Patnaik''' was elected for the first time as the chief minister of [[Odisha]] following [[Indian National Congress (I)]] party's victory in [[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Orissa 1980 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1980/orissa/121/www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1980/orissa/121/6 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Dr. Sthitaprajna |last2=Panigrahi |first2=Puspalata |date=14 July 2024 |title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024) |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=28-33 |via=E-ISSN: 2664-603X, P-ISSN: 2664-6021}}</ref>

== Brief history ==
Following Cong (I) victory in [[1980 Indian general election]], Opposition led state govt were dismissed and early election were called. Dissatisfied with Janata Govt., Cong (I) was voted to power in [[1980 Orissa Legislative Assembly election|1980 Orissa Assembly election]]. Chief Minister [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] along with 7 Cabinet ministers, 10 Ministers of state and 1 deputy minister were administered the oath of office and secrecy by Governor [[C. M. Poonacha]] at the [[Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar]] on 9 June 1980.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-14 |title=Brief History of Odisha Legislative Assembly |url=https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/AboutUs.aspx |website=[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref>

Ministry was further expanded on 14 July 1981 & 10 February 1984.<ref name=":0" />

Following Cong win in [[1985 Orissa Legislative Assembly election|1985 Orissa Assembly election]] due to the sympathy wave created by the unfortunate death of [[Indira Gandhi]], Chief Minister [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|Janaki Patnaik]] resigned on 10 March 1985.

== Council of Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/357-397.pdf Source]
!Portfolio
!Portrait
!Name {{small|Constituency|List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly}}
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|
* [[Chief Minister of Odisha|'''Chief Minister''']]
* [https://home.odisha.gov.in/ Home]
* [https://ga.odisha.gov.in/ General Administration]
* [https://pc.odisha.gov.in/ Planning & Coordination]
* [https://industries.odisha.gov.in/ Industries]
* [https://inpr.odisha.gov.in/ Information & Public Relations]
* [https://dowr.odisha.gov.in/ Irrigation & Power]
* '''Other departments not allocated to any Minister.'''
| rowspan="6" |[[File:Janaki Ballav Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] {{small|MLA from [[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athgarh]]}}
|9 June 1980
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://st.odisha.gov.in/ Science & Technology]
* [https://forest.odisha.gov.in/ Environment]
* [https://dot.odisha.gov.in/ Tourism]
* [https://culture.odisha.gov.in/ Culture]
|9 June 1980
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://rd.odisha.gov.in/ Community Development & Rural Reconstruction]
|14 April 1982
|10 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://st.odisha.gov.in/ Science & Technology]
* [https://forest.odisha.gov.in/ Environment]
* [https://sports.odisha.gov.in/ Sports]
* [https://culture.odisha.gov.in/ Culture]
|10 February 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
|31 December 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://coop.odisha.gov.in/ Co-operation]
* [https://finance.odisha.gov.in/ Finance]
* [https://law.odisha.gov.in/ Law]
|12 February 1985
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-
|
* [https://sme.odisha.gov.in/ Education & Youth Services]
|[[File:Gangadhar Mohapatra.jpg|100x100px]]
|Gangadhar Mohapatra {{small|MLA from [[Brahmagiri Assembly constituency|Brahmagiri]]}}
| rowspan="3" |9 June 1980
| rowspan="2" |10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://stsc.odisha.gov.in/ Harijan & Tribal Welfare]
|[[File:Ulaka_Rama_Chandra.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ramachandra Ulaka|Ulaka Rama Chandra]] {{small|MLA from [[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]]}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://finance.odisha.gov.in/ Finance]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Raghunath_Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Raghunath Patnaik]] {{small|MLA from [[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]}}
| rowspan="2" |12 February 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://law.odisha.gov.in/ Law]
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
* [https://coop.odisha.gov.in/ Co-operation]
|[[File:Basudev Mahapatra.jpg|100x100px]]
|Basudev Mahapatra {{small|MLA from [[Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency|Balikuda]]|}}
|9 June 1980
|10 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
|[[File:Somanath Rath.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Somnath Rath|Somanath Rath]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]}}
|10 February 1984
|31 December 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food & Civil Supplies]
|[[File:Upendra Dikshit.jpg|100x100px]]
|Upendra Dikshit {{small|MLA from [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]}}
| rowspan="2" |9 June 1980
| rowspan="2" |14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://works.odisha.gov.in/ Works]
|[[File:Dayanidhi Naik.jpg|100x100px]]
|Dayanidhi Naik {{small|MLA from [[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna]]}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://excise.odisha.gov.in/ Excise]
* [https://revenue.odisha.gov.in/ Revenue]
|[[File:Kanhu Charan Lenka.jpg|100x100px]]
|Kanhu Charan Lenka {{small|MLA from [[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar]]}}
|9 June 1980
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://revenue.odisha.gov.in/ Revenue]
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Transport]
|[[File:Upendra Dikshit.jpg|100x100px]]
|Upendra Dikshit {{small|MLA from [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]}}
|14 July 1981
|10 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[File:Basudev Mahapatra.jpg|100x100px]]
|Basudev Mahapatra {{small|MLA from [[Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency|Balikuda]]}}
|10 February 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Commerce]
|[[File:Dayanidhi Naik.jpg|100x100px]]
|Dayanidhi Naik {{small|MLA from [[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna]]}}
|14 July 1981
|10 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Upendra Dikshit.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Upendra Dikshit {{small|MLA from [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]}}
| rowspan="2" |10 February 1984
| rowspan="2" |10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://labour.odisha.gov.in/ Labour & Employment]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Minister of State'''
|-
|
* [https://dowr.odisha.gov.in/ Irrigation & Power]
|[[File:Niranjan Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Niranjan Patnaik]] {{small|MLA from [[Ramchandrapur Assembly Constituency|Ramchandrapur]]}}
| rowspan="3" |9 June 1980
| rowspan="5" |10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://industries.odisha.gov.in/ Industries]
|[[File:Kishore_Chandra_Patel.jpg|100x100px]]
|Kishore Chandra Patel {{small|MLA from [[Sundargarh Assembly constituency|Sundargarh]]}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://urban.odisha.gov.in/ Housing & Urban Development]
* [https://steelmines.odisha.gov.in/ Mines & Geology]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Basant_Kumar_Biswal.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Basant Kumar Biswal|Basanta Kumar Biswal]] {{small|MLA from [[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol]]}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://works.odisha.gov.in/ Works]
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
*[https://sports.odisha.gov.in/ Sports]
|21 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://health.odisha.gov.in/ Health & Family Welfare]
|[[File:Harihar Karan.jpg|100x100px]]
|Harihar Karan {{small|MLA from [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]]}}
|9 June 1980
|11 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[File:Jugal Kishore Pattanayak.jpg|100x100px]]
|Jugal Kishore Pattanayak {{small|MLA from [[Bhadrak Assembly constituency|Bhadrak]]}}
|11 February 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://forest.odisha.gov.in/ Forest]
* [https://fard.odisha.gov.in/ Fisheries & Animal Husbandry]
|[[File:Kuanria Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|Kuanria Majhi {{small|MLA from [[Baisinga Assembly constituency|Baisinga]]}}
|9 June 1980
|11 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[File:Harihar Karan.jpg|100x100px]]
|Harihar Karan {{small|MLA from [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]]}}
|11 February 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://labour.odisha.gov.in/ Labour & Employment]
* [https://sports.odisha.gov.in/ Sports]
* [https://dot.odisha.gov.in/ Tourism]
* [https://culture.odisha.gov.in/ Culture]
|[[File:Jugal Kishore Pattanayak.jpg|100x100px]]
|Jugal Kishore Pattanayak {{small|MLA from [[Bhadrak Assembly constituency|Bhadrak]]}}
|9 June 1980
|11 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://law.odisha.gov.in/ Law]
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Commerce and Transport]
|[[File:Krushna Chandra Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|Krushna Chandra Patnaik {{small|MLA from [[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]}}
|9 June 1980
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://inpr.odisha.gov.in/ Information & Public Relations]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Lalit Mohan Gandhi.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lalit Mohan Gandhi]] {{small|MLA from [[Titlagarh Assembly constituency|Titilagarh]]}}
| rowspan="2" |9 June 1980
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://pc.odisha.gov.in/ Planning & Coordination]
|10 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
* [https://coop.odisha.gov.in/ Co-operation]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Habibulla Khan.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Habibulla Khan {{small|MLA from [[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nowrangpur]]}}
|9 June 1980
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://excise.odisha.gov.in/ Excise]
|14 July 1981
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |
* [https://rd.odisha.gov.in/ Community Development & Rural Reconstruction]
|[[File:Bhajman Behera.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bhajaman Behara]] {{small|MLA from [[Talcher Assembly constituency|Talcher]]}}
|9 June 1980
|14 July 1981
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[File:Krushna Chandra Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|Krushna Chandra Patnaik {{small|MLA from [[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]}}
|14 July 1981
|14 April 1982
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Bhajman Behera.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhajaman Behara]] {{small|MLA from [[Talcher Assembly constituency|Talcher]]}}
|11 February 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food & Civil Supplies]
|14 July 1981
|11 February 1984
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[File:Kishore_Chandra_Patel.jpg|100x100px]]
|Kishore Chandra Patel {{small|MLA from [[Sundargarh Assembly constituency|Sundargarh]]}}
| rowspan="2" |11 February 1984
|10 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|
* [https://coop.odisha.gov.in/ Co-operation]
|[[File:Kuanria Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|Kuanria Majhi {{small|MLA from [[Baisinga Assembly constituency|Baisinga]]}}
|12 February 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Deputy Minister'''
|-
|
* [https://rd.odisha.gov.in/ Community Development & Rural Reconstruction]
|[[File:Saraswati Hembram.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Saraswati Hembram]] {{small|MLA from [[Kuliana Assembly constituency|Kuliana]]}}
|9 June 1980
|9 March 1985
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chief ministers of Odisha}}

[[Category:1980 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1980|Janaki I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1985|Janaki I]]
[[Category:Odisha ministries|Janaki I]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]

Pidakala War

2026-04-02T04:19:59Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{Short description|Annual cow dung fight in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
The '''Pidakala War''' is a local [[Hindu mythology|Hindu folklore]]-based annual [[cow dung]] fight held in the village of {{Interlanguage link|Kairuppala|te|కైరుప్పల}}, near [[Aspari]] in [[Kurnool district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.{{r|deccanherald|hansindia}}

According to the village folklore, before a marriage between the goddess [[Bhadrakali]] and god [[Virabhadra]], there was a dispute.{{r|hansindia}} At one point, villagers supporting Bhadrakali began throwing cow dung at Virabhadra, and villagers supporting Virabhadra responded with cow dung as well.{{r|hansindia}} The fight lasted for about an hour before the leaders of the village settled the situation and the marriage between the two gods was held.{{r|hansindia|hindu}}

Similarly, the village is split into two sides representing various Hindu and Muslim communities.{{r|hansindia|hindu}} This celebration is assumed to have started in this village based on local traditions and is locally regarded as good for health.{{r|deccanherald|hansindia}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-07 |title=People are throwing cow dung at each other |url=https://metro.co.uk/2017/04/07/people-are-throwing-cow-dung-at-each-other-for-good-health-6559947/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Metro |language=en}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] term "''pidakalu''" refers to dried cow dung cakes used for fuel, and "''samaram''" means combat, war, or battle.{{r|hansindia}}

== Festival ==
Villagers of Kairuppala traditionally observe the cow dung fight and the marriage between the two gods by holding an annual cow dung fight on the day after [[Ugadi]].{{r|inshorts|hindu}} The village is split into two sides: the [[Dalit]], [[Kuruba]] and [[Yadava]] communities on one side representing [[Bhadrakali]]; and the [[Lingayatism|Lingayat]], Muslim and [[Reddy]] communities on the other representing [[Virabhadra]].{{r|hansindia|hindu}}

Hundreds of people take part in the fight.{{r|hansindia|mashable}} There is a large police presence at the festival in order to avoid seriously unruly incidents.{{r|hansindia}} Injuries do occur, but no complaints are filed.{{r|hansindia}} After the end of the fight, the village celebrates the marriage of Virabhadra and Bhadrakali, together.{{r|hindu}} Celebrations at [[Kallur, Kurnool district|Kallur]] in [[Kurnool]] city have their own significance. Annually, donkeys from over the city are forced to walk three times around the [[Chowdeshwari Temple|Chowdeswari]] Temple in a {{convert|3|ft|m|adj=mid|-deep}} puddle of mud made for that purpose, then they are washed, decorated and worshiped. Devotees gather in large numbers at the temple to witness this ritual, which is believed to bring peace to the city.{{r|hindu}}

== Legend ==
According to local Hindu folklore, before a marriage between the goddess [[Bhadrakali]]{{efn|Bhadrakali is sometimes referred to as "Kalika Devi".{{r|hansindia|hindu}}}} and the god [[Virabhadra]],{{efn|Virabhadra is sometimes referred to as "Veerabhadra Swamy".{{r|hindu|mashable}}}} there was a dispute.{{r|hansindia}} Sources appear to vary regarding the basis of the dispute: ''[[The Hans India]]'' states that Bhadrakali was angered by Virabhadra's unexpected advances and threatened to throw cow dung at him,{{r|hansindia}} while ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' states that the couple was separated for some time following an affair.{{r|newindianexpress.2012}} At one point, villagers supporting Bhadrakali began throwing cow dung at Virabhadra, and villagers supporting Virabhadra responded with cow dung as well.{{r|hansindia}} The fight lasted for about an hour before the leaders of the village settled the situation and the marriage between the two gods was held.{{r|hansindia|hindu}}

== Recent years ==
In 2012, about 15 people were injured, but no complaints were filed.{{r|newindianexpress.2012}} In 2022, a local official reported that up to 50 people sustained injuries, but the police received no complaints.{{r|newindianexpress.2022}} In 2021, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], despite India suffering outbreaks and experiencing a recent surge in cases at the time, special permission to hold the festival was granted.{{r|deccanherald|mashable}} That year, a video of a crowd of maskless festivalgoers throwing cow dung during a pandemic sparked outrage online.{{r|mashable}} A police official stated that about 100 people were injured, but no one complained.{{r|hindu}}

== See also ==
* {{section link|Cattle in religion and mythology|Hinduism}}
* [[Gorehabba]] – a cow dung fight celebrated following [[Diwali]] in Gumatapura village, on the border of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhav |first1=Pramod |title=Why does this Tamil Nadu village throw cow dung to end Diwali? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/cow-dung-flinging-festival-chaniyadi-tamil-nadu-end-of-diwali-thalavadi-village-erode-2627614-2024-11-04 |work=India Today |agency=India Today |date=4 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Carnival of Ivrea]] – an orange fight in Italy
* [[La Tomatina]] – a tomato fight in Spain
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="deccanherald">
{{Cite news |date=15 April 2021 |title=With no Covid fear, Andhra villagers hold 'Pidakala War' in Kurnool |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/video/national/south/with-no-covid-fear-andhra-villagers-hold-pidakala-war-in-kurnool-974611.html |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528215710/https://www.deccanherald.com/video/national/south/with-no-covid-fear-andhra-villagers-hold-pidakala-war-in-kurnool-974611.html |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="hansindia">
{{Cite news |date=24 March 2023 |title=Cow dung fight fest denotes social harmony |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/cow-dung-fight-fest-denotes-social-harmony-789316 |newspaper=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528230447/https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/cow-dung-fight-fest-denotes-social-harmony-789316 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="hindu">
{{Cite news |last=Susarla |first=Ramesh |date=15 April 2021 |title=Ushering in Ugadi by hurling cow dung |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ushering-in-ugadi-by-hurling-cow-dung/article34321362.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528215847/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ushering-in-ugadi-by-hurling-cow-dung/article34321362.ece |archive-date=2023-05-28}}</ref>
<ref name="inshorts">
{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Anmol |date=10 April 2019 |title=Andhra villagers throw cow dung at Sean Triece to mark Pidakala War |url=https://inshorts.com/en/news/andhra-villagers-throw-cow-dung-at-each-other-to-mark-pidakala-war-1554914734657 |website=[[Inshorts]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528215545/https://inshorts.com/en/news/andhra-villagers-throw-cow-dung-at-each-other-to-mark-pidakala-war-1554914734657 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="mashable">
{{Cite web |last=Sahu |first=Sushri |date=16 April 2021 |title=Amid COVID-19 Spike, Hundreds Assemble And Hurl Cow Dung Cakes In Andhra Pradesh Village As Part Of Ugadi Celebration |url=https://in.mashable.com/culture/21616/amid-covid-19-spike-hundreds-assemble-and-hurl-cow-dung-cakes-in-andhra-pradesh-village-as-part-of-u |website=[[Mashable India]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528225353/https://in.mashable.com/culture/21616/amid-covid-19-spike-hundreds-assemble-and-hurl-cow-dung-cakes-in-andhra-pradesh-village-as-part-of-u |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="newindianexpress.2012">
{{Cite news |date=16 May 2012 |title=AP: Villagers fight with dung cakes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2012/mar/25/ap-villagers-fight-with-dung-cakes-352002.html |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528225357/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2012/mar/25/ap-villagers-fight-with-dung-cakes-352002.html |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="newindianexpress.2022">
{{Cite news |date=4 April 2022 |title=Cow dung fight, donkey parade mark Ugadi in Andhra's Kurnool |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/apr/04/cow-dung-fight-donkey-parade-mark-ugadi-in-andhras-kurnool-2437673.html |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=2024-11-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528215803/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/apr/04/cow-dung-fight-donkey-parade-mark-ugadi-in-andhras-kurnool-2437673.html |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu culture]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hinduism and cattle]]
[[Category:Kurnool]]
[[Category:Manure]]
[[Category:Mock combat]]
[[Category:New Year in India]]
[[Category:Dalit culture]]
[[Category:Kuruba]]
[[Category:Lingayatism]]

Gohad State

2026-03-25T15:25:30Z

BrockVanhoose67: Started entry...

{{Short description|Hindu Jat Kingdom (1505–1805)}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox former country
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Gohad-Gohar (Chambal)
| common_name = Gohad
| era = Medieval India
| year_start = 1505
| date_start = 1068 AD
| event_start = Established
| year_end = 1805
| date_end = 1805 (later Dholpur State)
| government_type = Monarchy
| common_languages = [[Hindi]], [[Braj]], [[Sanskrit]]
| title_leader = [[Maharaj]]
| event_end = [[Gohad]] merged into [[British Empire]]
| event1 = Foundation of Garhis (fortresses near Gohad town)
| date_event1 = 15th century
| p1 = Delhi Sultanate
| s1 = Gwalior State
| flag_p1 = Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg
| flag_s1 = Flag of Gwalior (State).svg
| image_flag =
| image_coat =
| image_map = Datia-Samthar map.jpg
| image_map_caption = Gohad near north side of Gwalior
| today = [[India]] {{·}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| leader1 = Rana Jai Singh
| leader2 = Rana Singhadev I
| year_leader3 = 1709- 1756
| leader3 = [[Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana]]
| year_leader4 = 1803–1805 (last)
| leader4 = Maharaja [[Kirat Singh]] Rana
| year_leader1 = 1068 AD-? (Ancestor)
| year_leader2 = 15th century
| capital = [[Gohad]]
}}
'''Gohad State''' or '''Kingdom of Gohad''' was a kingdom in India.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7StHDwAAQBAJ&dq=gohad+state&pg=PT254|title=Insight Guides Rajasthan|author=Insight Guides|publisher=Rough Guides UK|year=2017|isbn=9781786717139|access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref> It was established by King [[Singhadev I]] in 1505.
[[File:Garhi Padhavali fortress.jpg|thumb|'''Garhi Padhavali fortress''' - Built by the Jat Ranas of Gohad in the 18th century by renovating a 10th-century temple dedicated to [[Shiva]].]]

==Origin==

The royal clan of Gohad traces its origin to Haryana's adjacent-twin villages of [[Bhadani]]-Dulehra, 8 km east of present-day [[Jhajjar]]. From there, the [[List of Jat dynasties and states#List|Bamrolia]] chiefs migrated to [[Agra]]. Later in 12th century, their first [[raja]], Rana Jai Singh Deshwal, conquered territories in [[Bairat Temple|Bairat]] (60 southwest of [[Alwar]]).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_YvAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Maharaj Bhim Singh Rana.jpg|thumb|Maharaj Bhim Singh Rana]]
The state's formation happened in the time period of Tomar dynasty of Gwalior. The [[Jats]] settled the town of Gohad and nearby [[Forts in India|forts]] and garhis ([[Fortification|fortresses]]) in 16th century. The most renowned ruler was Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (Deshwal) who established the Jat rule over the [[Chambal (region)|trans chambal region]] and historic [[Gwalior Fort|Gwalior fort]]. During his reign, the revenue of the kingdom was 56 lakhs and [[Bhim Singh Rana (Deshwal)]] had control on 56 mahals or small parganas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rDhBAQAAMAAJ&q=gwalior+captured+bhim+singh+gohad |title=Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma and Ceylon Including AllBritish India, the Portuguese and French Possessions, and the Indian States |date=1909 |publisher=J. Murray. |language=en}}</ref> The most successful ruler of Gohad is meant to be Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana (Deshwal) also known as Rana Lokendra Singh. He repulsed [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]] raids on Gohad and other Jat forts many times. He even defeated [[Raghunath Rao|Peshwa Raghunath Rao.]]

Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana's resistance against Marathas:

An attack on Gohad city was made by Faujdar Melsarao Appa of Bhilsa and Amba Ingle in 1778, the Maratha army was defeated by Jats under Maharaja Chhatar Singh.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-E5DAAAAYAAJ | title=Madhya Pradesh, District Gazetteers: Bhind | date=1996 }}</ref>

Later, in the same year, Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana (Deshwal) invaded Lahar state of Kachwaha Rajputs. He defeated them and added Lahar and adjacent territories in his kingdom with the help of Capt. Popham.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Agnihotrī |first=Ajaya Kumāra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jM8AAAAMAAJ |title=Gohada ke Jāṭoṃ kā itihāsa: rājanaitika evaṃ sāṃskr̥tika adhyayana, San 1505 se 1947 taka |date=1985 |publisher=Nava Sāhitya Bhavana |language=hi}}</ref>

Maharaja Chhatar Singh Deshwal handed over the administration of Gwalior fort to his younger queen. Later, jealous of the success of Jat Raja, Mahadaji Sindhia planned an attack to conquer Gwalior. In 1782, he besieged Gwalior with the help of the [[East India Company]] and bribed one of Maharani's trusted guards to desert from Jat Raja along with 2000 troops. Seeing no scope of victory, Maharani committed Jauhar on 27 February 1783 and the Marathas occupied the fort. The place is still renowned as Jauhar-kund in Gwalior Fort.It is noted that after the siege the Jats returned to their native villages in Haryana.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_YvAQAAIAAJ&q=1783+jauhar+kund |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==Descendants==
{{main|Dholpur State}}

Later on in order to create a buffer between the [[Bharatpur State|Kingdom of Bharatpur]] and the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], who often allied against them, the British supported the [[Jats]] led by [[Rana (title)|Rana]] [[Kirat Singh]]. Jats helped the British to reclaim the [[Gohad]] region from the [[House of Scindia|Scindias]]. As part of an agreement, Rana Kirat Singh was given control of Dholpur, while the British took over Gohad. Thus, [[Dholpur state|Dholpur State]] was formed, and Rana Kirat Singh declared its ruler in 1805.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Dholpur in 1803 |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?10442 |website=amritmahotsav.nic.in [[Government of India]] |last1=Mahotsav |first1=Amrit }} "The emergence of Dholpur State, in the present-day Dholpur district of Rajasthan, was a result of the British political intervention in Rajputana during the early nineteenth century. It was the harsh conquest and annexation policy of the East India Company’s which led to the creation of the state of Dholpur. Initially, it was under the rule of the Scindias of Gwalior. They lost possession of the region following their defeat in the battle of Laswadi in September 1803 against the forces of the Company led by General Lake. In creating the state of Dholpur, the British built a buffer between the kingdom of Bharatpur and the Marathas, both of whom often formed an alliance against them. At the same time, the British also helped the Jats led by Rana Kirat Singh, to win the Gohad region from the Scindias. As part of an arrangement made by the Company, Rana Kirat Singh was given Dholpur and the former took over Gohad. Thus, the Dholpur state was formed and Rana Kirat Singh was declared its ruler in 1805. The Current (Titular) Ruler and 16th Successor of the Kingdom of Gohad-Gohar (Chambal) is Ch. V.Raghavaman SS Thakur Ji Maharaj"</ref>

==Legacy==
{{further|Gohad Fort}}
One of the unexplored aspect of history is Jat dominance in the [[Chambal (region)|trans-Chambal tract]]. Various Jat clans migrated to this region from [[Haryana]], [[Doab]] and [[Braj]] as early as 13th or 14th century, and subsequently carved out various [[principalities]]{{citation needed|date=August 2025}} which were defended by several forts like the [[Gohad Fort]]. The Gohad Fort was built by Bamrolia Jat ruler Rana Singh Dev in 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=B. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lihuAAAAMAAJ |title=Forts and Fortresses of Gwalior and Its Hinterland |date=1993 |publisher=Manohar Publishers and Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-047-4 |language=en}}</ref> It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-05 |title=गोहद किले को यूनेस्को एशिया पेसिफिक हेरिटेज अवार्ड देने की घोषणा {{!}} Gohad Fort will provide UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Award in MP |url=https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/gohad-fort-will-provide-unesco-asia-pacific-heritage-award-in-mp-1969674 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dholpur State]]—For later history of Gohad rulers
*[[Gohad Fort]]
*[[Utila Fort]]
*[[List of Jat dynasties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.wmf.org/project/gateways-gohad-fort Gateways of Gohad Fort]

{{coord missing|Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:States and territories established in 1505]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1805]]
[[Category:Early modern history of India]]
[[Category:History of Gwalior]]

Vellam (1985 film)

2026-03-24T07:36:32Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{distinguish|Vellam (2021 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vellam
| image = Vellam poster.png
| caption = Poster designed by [[P. N. Menon (director)|P. N. Menon]]
| director = [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]]
| producer = [[Devan (actor)|Devan]], Mukundan Menon
| writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
| based_on = [[N. N. Pisharody]]'s [[Novel]]
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] [[K. R. Vijaya]] [[Srividya]] [[Sathaar]] [[Sukumari]] [[Adoor Bhasi]] [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[G. Devarajan]] '''Background Score:''' [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| cinematography = [[Melli Irani]]
| editing = [[M. S. Mani (film editor)|M. S. Mani]]
| studio = Sri Rajeswari Pictures<ref>{{cite web |title=VellamChattakkari|access-date=13 September 2025| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP9setJzRRc}}</ref>
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1985|1|11|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross =
}}

'''''Vellam''''' ({{Translation| Water}}) is a 1985 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]], starring [[Prem Nazir]] and [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], supported by [[K. R. Vijaya]] and [[Srividya]], with [[Sathaar]], [[Sukumari]], [[Adoor Bhasi]] and [[Balan K. Nair]] playing other important roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1727|title=Vellam Film Details|publisher=malayalachalachithram|access-date=16 October 2014}}</ref>

The movie had songs composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and background score composed by [[Salil Chowdhury]].

Actor [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] is the producer of ''Vellam''. The film delayed for 5 years to be produced, which put the producer Devan in a dire financial strain.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Prem Nazir]]
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]
*[[K. R. Vijaya]]
*[[Srividya]]
*[[Sathaar]]
*[[Sukumari]]
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]
*[[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
*[[Kottayam Santha]]
*V. T. Aravindakshamenon
*[[Aranmula Ponnamma]]
*[[Bahadoor]]
*[[Balan K. Nair]]
*Bhaskara Kurup
*[[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]]
*[[Kunjandi]]
*[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]]
*[[P. K. Abraham]]
*[[Santha Devi]]
* William d'Cruz
* Mohanlal
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The songs were composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Mullanezhi]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kannaadikkoottile" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], Chorus || [[Mullanezhi]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Kodanaadan Malayile" || K. J. Yesudas || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 3 || "Paandyaalakkadavum" || K. J. Yesudas, Chorus || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 4 || "Sourayoodha Padhathilenno" || K. J. Yesudas || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 5 || "Swarga Sankalpathin" || [[P. Susheela]] || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 6 || "Thakkam Thakkam Thaalamittu" || [[P. Madhuri]], Chorus, [[C. O. Anto]] || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 7 || "Vaasanappoovukale" || P. Madhuri || Mullanezhi ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
https://m3db.com/film/vellam-malayalam-movie

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0230940|title=Vellam}}
* [https://m3db.com/film/vellam-malayalam-movie Vellam] on M3DB

[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hariharan]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Scarlett Johansson

2026-03-24T03:29:54Z

BrockVanhoose67: enhanced lead further and updated info

{{Short description|American actress (born 1984)}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Scarlett Johansson
| image = Scarlett_Johansson-8588.jpg
| caption = Johansson in 2025
| birth_name = Scarlett Ingrid Johansson
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|11|22}}
| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actress|singer}}
| citizenship = {{Hlist|United States|Denmark}}
| works = {{Hlist|[[Scarlett Johansson on screen and stage|Performances]]|[[Scarlett Johansson discography|discography]]}}
| years_active = 1994–present
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Ryan Reynolds]]|2008|2011|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Romain Dauriac|2014|2017|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Colin Jost]]|2020}}}}
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Ejner Johansson]] (grandfather)
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson|Full list]]
| signature = Scarlett Johansson's signature.svg
}}

'''Scarlett Ingrid Johansson''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|oʊ|ˈ|h|æ|n|s|ən|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Scarlett Johansson.wav}};<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx7Pq-46_tU&t=5s |title=Does Scarlett Johansson Remember Her Lines From Her Most Famous Films? |date=May 9, 2023 |magazine=Variety |time=0:05 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/Lx7Pq-46_tU |archive-date=June 16, 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. [[Scarlett Johansson on screen and stage|Her films]] as a leading actress have grossed over {{US$|15.4|long=no}} billion worldwide, making her the second [[List of highest-grossing actors|highest-grossing actor in history]]. Johansson's [[List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson|various accolades]] include a [[British Academy Film Award]] and [[Tony Award]], as well as nominations for two [[Academy Awards]] and five [[Golden Globe Awards]].

Johansson first appeared on stage in an [[off-Broadway]] play as a child actress. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy ''[[North (1994 film)|North]]'' (1994) and gained early recognition for her roles in ''[[Manny & Lo]]'' (1996), ''[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|The Horse Whisperer]]'' (1998), and ''[[Ghost World (film)|Ghost World]]'' (2001). Her shift to adult roles came in 2003 with ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'', for which she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]. She continued to gain praise for playing a 17th-century servant in ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]'' (2003), a troubled teenager in ''[[A Love Song for Bobby Long]]'' (2004) and a struggling actress in ''[[Match Point]]'' (2005). The lattermost marked her first collaboration with [[Woody Allen]], who later directed her in ''[[Scoop (2006 film)|Scoop]]'' (2006) and ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' (2008). Johansson's other works of this period include ''[[The Prestige]]'' (2006) and the albums ''[[Anywhere I Lay My Head]]'' (2008) and ''[[Break Up (album)|Break Up]]'' (2009), both of which charted on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].

In 2010, Johansson debuted on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in a revival of ''[[A View from the Bridge]]'', which won her the [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play]], and began portraying [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Black Widow]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] film ''[[Iron Man 2]]''. She reprised the role in eight films, leading up to her solo feature [[Black Widow (2021 film)|''Black Widow'']] (2021), gaining global stardom. During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films ''[[Her (2013 film)|Her]]'' (2013), ''[[Under the Skin (2013 film)|Under the Skin]]'' (2013) and ''[[Lucy (2014 film)|Lucy]]'' (2014). She received two simultaneous [[Academy Award]] nominations—[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]—for the respective roles of an actress going through a divorce in the drama ''[[Marriage Story]]'' (2019) and a single mother in [[Nazi Germany]] in the satire ''[[Jojo Rabbit]]'' (2019), becoming one of [[List of actors nominated for multiple Academy Awards in the same year|the few actors]] to achieve this feat.

The [[List of highest-paid film actors|world's highest-paid actress]] in 2018 and 2019, Johansson has been featured multiple times on the [[Forbes Celebrity 100|''Forbes'' Celebrity 100]] list. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named her one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] in 2021 and 2025. Labeled a [[sex symbol]], Johansson has been referred to as one of the world's most attractive women by various media outlets. She is a prominent brand endorser and supports several charitable causes. Divorced from actor [[Ryan Reynolds]] and businessman Romain Dauriac, Johansson has been married to comedian [[Colin Jost]] since 2020. She has two children, one with Dauriac and another with Jost.

== Early life ==
[[File:Lee Strasberg Institute 115 East 15th Street.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]], where Johansson learned to act as a child|alt=A red-brick three-story building with a tree outside it.]]

Scarlett Ingrid Johansson was born on November 22, 1984, in the [[Manhattan]] borough of New York City.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb3f264dd |title=Scarlett Johansson |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=November 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117133615/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb3f264dd |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson: 'La monogamia es antinatural' |work=EITB |url=http://www.eitb.eus/es/television/programas/la-noche-de/detalle/4731594/curiosidades-secretos-vida-actriz-scarlett-johansson/ |publisher=[[EITB]] |access-date=October 6, 2017 |language=es-ES |date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006211645/http://www.eitb.eus/es/television/programas/la-noche-de/detalle/4731594/curiosidades-secretos-vida-actriz-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="PBS">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/finding-your-roots-season-four-official-trailer-hdf5ii/ |title=Season 4 Official Trailer |work=[[Finding Your Roots]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908111325/http://www.pbs.org/video/finding-your-roots-season-four-official-trailer-hdf5ii/ |archive-date=September 8, 2017}}</ref> Johansson's father, Karsten Olaf Johansson, is an architect originally from [[Copenhagen]], Denmark. Through him, she is a granddaughter of [[Ejner Johansson]], an art historian, screenwriter and film director, whose own father was Swedish.<ref name="tirti">{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0427/1224315215457.html |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=April 27, 2012 |title='I'm not anything like her...' |access-date=April 16, 2013 |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427065747/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0427/1224315215457.html}}</ref><ref name="PBS"/> Her mother, New Yorker Melanie Sloan, has worked as a producer. She comes from a Jewish family who fled [[History of the Jews in Poland|Poland]] and [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russia]], originally surnamed Schlamberg; Johansson has referred to herself as Jewish.<ref name="PBS" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/scarlett-johansson-calls-ai-safety-laws-fake-video-celebrities-fightin-rcna191883 |title=Scarlett Johansson calls for AI safety laws after fake video of celebrities fighting Ye's antisemitism goes viral |work=NBC News |last=Yang |first=Angela |date=February 12, 2025 |access-date=July 14, 2025}}</ref> She has an older sister named Vanessa, who is also an actress, an older brother named Adrian, and a twin brother named Hunter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heller |first1=Corinne |title=Scarlett Johansson Shows Post-Baby Body, Walks Red Carpet With Twin |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/599412/scarlett-johansson-shows-slim-post-baby-body-again-walks-red-carpet-with-twin-brother-hunter-watch |publisher=[[E! News]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |date=November 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719143043/http://www.eonline.com/news/599412/scarlett-johansson-shows-slim-post-baby-body-again-walks-red-carpet-with-twin-brother-hunter-watch |archive-date=July 19, 2017}}</ref> Johansson also has an older half-brother named Christian from her father's first marriage. She holds dual American and Danish citizenship.<ref name="recordd">{{cite news |last=Rehlin |first=Gunnar |title=Scarlett Johansson: Scandinavia is part of my heritage |work=[[Scandinavian Traveler]] |date=March 4, 2016 |url=https://scandinaviantraveler.com/dk/node/4817 |access-date=March 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201738/https://scandinaviantraveler.com/dk/node/4817 |archive-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Ben |title=Mary Stuart reigns again – in Ireland |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/27/scotland.ireland |access-date=October 5, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 26, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012532/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/27/scotland.ireland |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> On a 2017 episode of [[PBS]]'s ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', she discovered that her maternal great-grandfather's brother and extended family died in the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] during [[the Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Schleier|first=Curt|title=Watching 'Finding Your Roots,' family learns they are related to Scarlett Johansson|url=https://www.jweekly.com/2017/11/03/watching-finding-roots-family-learns-related-scarlett-johansson/|date=November 3, 2017|access-date=March 30, 2021|newspaper=J|archive-date=July 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715032339/https://www.jweekly.com/2017/11/03/watching-finding-roots-family-learns-related-scarlett-johansson/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Johansson attended [[PS 41]], an elementary school in [[Greenwich Village]], Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scoopy's Notebook |work=[[The Villager (Manhattan)|The Villager]] |url=https://www.thevillager.com/2008/06/scoopys-notebook-222/ |volume=78 |number=3 |date=June 18, 2008 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108143834/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_268/scoopysnotebook.html |archive-date=January 8, 2009}}</ref> Her parents divorced when she was thirteen.<ref name="BTPB07"/> She was particularly close to her maternal grandmother, Dorothy Sloan, a bookkeeper and schoolteacher. They often spent time together and Johansson considered Dorothy her best friend.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Anthony |title=The Scarlett Grandma |url=http://www.forward.com:80/articles/the-scarlett-grandma/ |access-date=October 4, 2017 |work=[[The Forward]] |date=April 7, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018190128/http://www.forward.com/articles/the-scarlett-grandma/ |archive-date=October 18, 2006}}</ref> Interested in a career in the spotlight from an early age, Johansson often put on song-and-dance routines for her family. She was particularly fond of musical theater and [[jazz hands]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson: Actress (1984) |url=https://www.biography.com/people/scarlett-johansson-13671719 |publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[A&E Networks]]) |access-date=October 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035020/https://www.biography.com/people/scarlett-johansson-13671719 |archive-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref><ref name="localfav">{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/film/local-favourite/2007/09/16/1189881329353.html |title=Local favourite |last=Ryzik |first=Melena |date=September 17, 2007 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=October 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831230146/http://www.smh.com.au/news/film/local-favourite/2007/09/16/1189881329353.html|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson took lessons in [[tap dance]], and states that her parents were supportive of her career choice. She has described her childhood as very ordinary.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson: Shades of Scarlett |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/scarlett-johansson-shades-of-scarlett-221175.html |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 13, 2005 |url-status=live |quote=[my childhood] was filled with things that I loved to do, and also very normal things: I lived in New York, I have a family life and went to a regular school. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171200/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/scarlett-johansson-shades-of-scarlett-221175.html |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref>

As a child, Johansson practiced acting by staring in the mirror until she made herself cry, wanting to be like [[Judy Garland]] in ''[[Meet Me in St. Louis]]''. At age seven, she was devastated when a talent agent signed one of her brothers instead of her, but later decided to become an actress anyway. After enrolling at the [[Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute]] and auditioning for commercials, Johansson soon lost interest, stating "I didn't want to promote Wonder Bread."<ref name="nymag">{{cite magazine |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Sanjiv |title=Scarlett in Bloom |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/shopping/fashion/spring04/n_9843/ |access-date=October 3, 2017 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024010621/http://nymag.com/nymetro/shopping/fashion/spring04/n_9843/ |archive-date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> She shifted her focus to film and theater,<ref name="peoplebio">{{cite magazine |title=Scarlett Johansson Biography |url=http://www.people.com/people/scarlett_johansson/biography/0,,,00.html |access-date=October 3, 2017 |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307041129/http://www.people.com/people/scarlett_johansson/biography/0,,,00.html |archive-date=March 7, 2011}}</ref> making her first stage appearance with two lines in the [[off-Broadway]] play ''Sophistry'' with [[Ethan Hawke]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |title=Definitely Didn't Get Lost in Translation |last=Isherwood |first=Charles |date=May 12, 2010 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410150006/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |archive-date=April 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name="peoplebio" /> Around this time, Johansson began studying at the [[Professional Children's School]], a private educational institution for aspiring child actors in Manhattan.<ref name="bio"/>

== Acting career ==
===1994–2002: Early work and breakthrough===
At age nine, Johansson landed her first paid role as a sketch character on an episode of ''[[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Feeney |first1=Mark |title=A Study in Scarlett |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/07/08/arts/study-scarlett/ |access-date=December 7, 2024 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=July 8, 2021}}</ref> Later that year, she made her film debut as [[John Ritter]]'s daughter in the fantasy comedy ''[[North (1994 film)|North]]'' (1994).<ref name="peoplebio" /> She says that when she was on the film set, she knew intuitively what to do.<ref name="nymag" /> She later played minor roles such as the daughter of [[Sean Connery]]'s and [[Kate Capshaw]]'s characters in the mystery thriller ''[[Just Cause (film)|Just Cause]]'' (1995), and an art student in ''[[If Lucy Fell]]'' (1996).<ref name="Thomson2010">{{cite book |last=Thomson |first=David |author-link=David Thomson (film critic) |title=The New Biographical Dictionary of Film 5Th Ed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heVvObIz9BwC&pg=PT1017 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Little, Brown Book Group]] |isbn=978-0-7481-0850-3 |page=1017|access-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029182302/https://books.google.com/books?id=heVvObIz9BwC&pg=PT1017|archive-date=October 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson's first leading role was as Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her [[Foster care|foster home]] in ''[[Manny & Lo]]'' (1996) alongside [[Aleksa Palladino]] and her brother, Hunter. Her performance received positive reviews: one written for the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' noted, "[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of ... Scarlett Johansson,"<ref>{{cite news |title=Many things to like about "Manny & Lo' |first=Barbara |last=Shulgasser |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1996/08/09/WEEKEND6031.dtl |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=August 9, 1996 |access-date=July 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413072341/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fe%2Fa%2F1996%2F08%2F09%2FWEEKEND6031.dtl |archive-date=April 13, 2010}}</ref> while critic [[Mick LaSalle]], writing for the same paper, commented on her "peaceful aura", and believed, "If she can get through puberty with that aura undisturbed, she could become an important actress."<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Girls, a Condo and One Kidnapped Mom |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1996/08/09/DD66424.DTL |date=August 9, 1996 |access-date=July 26, 2009 |first=Mick |last=Lasalle |authorlink=Mick LaSalle|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225110351/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F1996%2F08%2F09%2FDD66424.DTL |archive-date=December 25, 2004}}</ref> Johansson earned a nomination for the [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female]] for the role.<ref>{{cite news |title=From child star to Ghost in the Shell: Scarlett Johansson's life and career, in pictures |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/scarlett-johansson-life-movies-pictures/manny-lo-1996/ |access-date=October 5, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006172657/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/scarlett-johansson-life-movies-pictures/manny-lo-1996/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref>

After appearing in minor roles in ''[[Fall (1997 film)|Fall]]'' and ''[[Home Alone 3]]'' (both in 1997), Johansson attracted wider attention for her performance in the film ''[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|The Horse Whisperer]]'' (1998), co-starring director [[Robert Redford]].<ref name="peoplebio" /><ref name="variety" /> Based on the 1995 [[The Horse Whisperer (novel)|novel of the same name]] by [[Nicholas Evans]], the drama tells the story of a talented horse trainer, who is hired to help an injured teenager (Johansson) and her horse back to health. Johansson received an "introducing" credit on this film; it was her seventh role. On Johansson's maturity, Redford described her as "13 going on 30".<ref name="Delmar2016">{{cite book |last=Delmar |first=Peter |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojTMDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |year=2016 |publisher=Raintree |isbn=978-1-4747-2338-1 |pages=12|access-date=October 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009202651/https://books.google.com/books?id=ojTMDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|archive-date=October 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Todd McCarthy]] of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' commented that Johansson "convincingly conveys the awkwardness of her age and the inner pain of a carefree girl suddenly laid low by horrible happenstance".<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCarthy |first1=Todd |title=The Horse Whisperer – Redford Lassos Powerful Saga |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/the-horse-whisperer-redford-lassos-powerful-saga-1200453807/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=May 4, 1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021859/http://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/the-horse-whisperer-redford-lassos-powerful-saga-1200453807/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> For the film, she was nominated for the [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] Award for Most Promising Actress.<ref name="CFCA CS-T">{{cite news |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB423E8C6BDEF67&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Chicago Critics List Best Films |date=January 19, 1999 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=August 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609123114/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB423E8C6BDEF67&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|archive-date=June 9, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> She believed that the film changed many things in her life, realizing that acting is the ability to manipulate one's emotions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Chris |title=Scarlett Johansson...That Voice |url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a32552/esq0205scarlett-64/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=October 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430105012/http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a32552/esq0205scarlett-64/ |archive-date=April 30, 2016}}</ref> On finding good roles as a teenager, Johansson said it was hard for her as adults wrote the scripts and they "portray kids like mall rats and not seriously ... Kids and teenagers just aren't being portrayed with any real depth."<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview of Scarlett Johansson |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/95439%7C174381/Scarlett-Johansson/ |publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |access-date=October 5, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006015249/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/95439%7C174381/Scarlett-Johansson/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson later appeared in ''[[My Brother the Pig]]'' (1999) and in the [[Coen brothers]]' [[neo-noir]] film ''[[The Man Who Wasn't There (2001 film)|The Man Who Wasn't There]]'' (2001). Her breakthrough came playing a cynical [[outcast (person)|outcast]] in [[Terry Zwigoff]]'s black comedy ''[[Ghost World (film)|Ghost World]]'' (2001), an adaptation of [[Daniel Clowes]]' [[Ghost World (comics)|graphic novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barna |first1=Daniel |last2=Bell |first2=Gabriel |title=We Had No Idea This Is What Made Jennifer Lawrence Famous |url=http://www.refinery29.com/2014/03/64664/celebrities-breakout-roles#slide-37 |publisher=[[Refinery29]] |access-date=October 6, 2017 |date=November 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021534/http://www.refinery29.com/2014/03/64664/celebrities-breakout-roles#slide-37 |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> Johansson auditioned for the film via a tape from New York, and Zwigoff believed her to be a "unique, eccentric person, and right for that part".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hoffman |first1=Jordan |title=Ghost World Director Terry Zwigoff Has Learned to Expect the Worst from Hollywood |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/05/terry-zwigoff-ghost-world-bad-santa-interview |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=May 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009202651/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/05/terry-zwigoff-ghost-world-bad-santa-interview |archive-date=October 9, 2017}}</ref> The film premiered at the 2001 [[Seattle International Film Festival]]; although a box office failure, it has since developed a [[cult film|cult status]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Jacob |title='Ghost World' Revisited |url=https://popmatters.com/post/145647-ghost-world-revisited/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[PopMatters]] |date=August 4, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620140001/http://www.popmatters.com/post/145647-ghost-world-revisited/ |archive-date=June 20, 2017}}</ref> Johansson was credited with "sensitivity and talent [that] belie her age" by an ''[[Austin Chronicle]]'' critic and won a [[Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance.<ref>{{cite news |first=Marjorie |last=Baumgarten |title=Ghost World |work=[[Austin Chronicle]] |url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Calendar/Film?Film=oid%3A141399 |date=August 24, 2001 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805075532/http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Calendar/Film?Film=oid%3A141399 |archive-date=August 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Past Award Winners – Toronto Film Critics Association |date=May 29, 2014 |url=http://torontofilmcritics.com/past-award-winners/ |publisher=[[Toronto Film Critics Association]] |access-date=October 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715181549/http://torontofilmcritics.com/past-award-winners/ |archive-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> With [[David Arquette]], Johansson appeared in the horror comedy ''[[Eight Legged Freaks]]'' (2002) about a collection of spiders exposed to toxic waste, causing them to grow gigantic and begin killing animals and people.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=Eight Legged Freaks Movie Review (2002) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/eight-legged-freaks-2002 |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=July 17, 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007022043/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/eight-legged-freaks-2002 |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> After graduating from Professional Children's School that year, she applied to New York University's [[Tisch School of the Arts]], but was rejected, and decided to focus on her film career.<ref name="Leslie2011">{{cite book |author=Larry Z. Leslie |title=Celebrity in the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9V7Y48DLxkC |year=2011 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-59884-484-9 |pages=128|access-date=October 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009202651/https://books.google.com/books?id=u9V7Y48DLxkC|archive-date=October 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2003–2004: Transition to adult roles===
Johansson transitioned from teen to adult roles with two films in 2003: the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'' and the drama ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]''.<ref name="UtusanAdultRoles">{{cite web |url=http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2003&dt=0906&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Entertainment&pg=en_10.htm |title=Toronto film fest puts on the ritz with promising movie lineup |date=June 9, 2003 |work=[[Utusan Malaysia]] |access-date=May 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617031627/http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2003&dt=0906&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Entertainment&pg=en_10.htm |archive-date=June 17, 2011}}</ref> In the former, directed by [[Sofia Coppola]], she played Charlotte, a listless and lonely young wife, opposite [[Bill Murray]]. Coppola had first noticed Johansson in ''Manny & Lo'', and compared her to a young [[Lauren Bacall]]; Coppola based the film's story on the relationship between Bacall and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in ''[[The Big Sleep (1946 film)|The Big Sleep]]'' (1946).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stern |first1=Marlow |title=Sofia Coppola Discusses 'Lost in Translation' on Its 10th Anniversary |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/sofia-coppola-discusses-lost-in-translation-on-its-10th-anniversary |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=September 12, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729132523/http://www.thedailybeast.com/sofia-coppola-discusses-lost-in-translation-on-its-10th-anniversary |archive-date=July 29, 2017}}</ref> Johansson found the experience of working with a female director different because of Coppola's ability to empathize with her.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hirschberg |first1=Lynn |title=The Coppola Smart Mob |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/31/magazine/the-coppola-smart-mob.html |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 31, 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722164515/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/31/magazine/the-coppola-smart-mob.html |archive-date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> Made on a budget of $4 million, the film grossed $119 million at the box office and received critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lost in Translation (2003) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lostintranslation.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803173556/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lostintranslation.htm |archive-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lost in Translation |date=September 19, 2003 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lost_in_translation/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830074636/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lost_in_translation |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] was pleased with the film and described the lead actors' performances as "wonderful",<ref>{{cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |title=Lost in Translation |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=September 12, 2003 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030912/REVIEWS/309120302/1023 |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104191510/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20030912%2FREVIEWS%2F309120302%2F1023 |archive-date=January 4, 2011}}</ref> and ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote of Johansson's "embracing, restful serenity".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schwarzbaum |first=Lisa |title=Lost in Translation |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 10, 2003 |url=https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,479937,00.html |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427094550/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,479937,00.html |archive-date=April 27, 2009}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised Johansson, aged seventeen at the time of filming, for playing an older character.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Elvis |authorlink=Elvis Mitchell|title=An American in Japan, Making a Connection |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/12/movies/film-review-an-american-in-japan-making-a-connection.html |date=September 12, 2003 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523223020/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/12/movies/film-review-an-american-in-japan-making-a-connection.html |archive-date=May 23, 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Scarlett Johansson 2003.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Johansson attending the premiere of ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]'' at the [[2003 Toronto International Film Festival]]|alt=A photograph of Scarlett Johansson wearing a black dress and a pearl necklace.]]

In [[Peter Webber]]'s ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'', which is based on [[Girl with a Pearl Earring (novel)|the novel of the same name]] by [[Tracy Chevalier]], Johansson played Griet, a young seventeenth-century servant in the household of the Dutch painter [[Johannes Vermeer]] (played by [[Colin Firth]]). Webber interviewed 150 actors before casting Johansson.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Hugh |title=Small pearl takes on the Bafta blockbusters |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1452111/Small-pearl-takes-on-the-Bafta-blockbusters.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=January 20, 2004 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926003018/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1452111/Small-pearl-takes-on-the-Bafta-blockbusters.html |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> Johansson found the character moving, but did not read the novel, as she thought it was better to approach the story with a fresh start.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-dec-14-ca-kristin14-story.html |title=Imagining an elusive Dutch painter's world |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first=Kristin |last=Hohenadel |date=December 14, 2003 |access-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022111409/http://articles.latimes.com/2003/dec/14/entertainment/ca-kristin14 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref> ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'' received positive reviews and was profitable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=girlwithapearlearring.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926041138/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=girlwithapearlearring.htm |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> In his review for ''[[The New Yorker]]'', [[Anthony Lane]] thought that her presence kept the film "alive", writing, "She is often wordless and close to plain onscreen, but wait for the ardor with which she can summon a closeup and bloom under its gaze; this is her film, not Vermeer's, all the way."<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Anthony |last=Lane |author-link=Anthony Lane |title=Girl with a Pearl Earring |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/girl_with_a_pearl_earring_webber |date=December 22, 2003 |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218203102/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/girl_with_a_pearl_earring_webber |archive-date=December 18, 2008}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''Entertainment Weekly'' noted her "nearly silent performance", remarking, "The interplay on her face of fear, ignorance, curiosity and sex is intensely dramatic."<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Owen |last=Gleiberman |author-link=Owen Gleiberman |url=https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,535689,00.html |title=Girl With a Pearl Earring (2003) |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=December 3, 2003 |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425172244/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,535689,00.html |archive-date=April 25, 2009}}</ref> She was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]] and Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress{{efn|Johansson was nominated for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical|Best Actress in a Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]] for ''Lost in Translation'' and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Drama]] for ''Girl with a Pearl Earring''.<ref name="GGlobe">{{cite web |title=HFPA – Scarlett Johansson 4 Nominations | work=OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS |url=http://www.hfpa.org/browse/?param=/member/30173 |publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220214714/http://www.hfpa.org/browse/?param=%2Fmember%2F30173 |archive-date=February 20, 2014}}</ref>}} for both films in 2003, winning the former for ''Lost in Translation''.<ref name="bafta">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?year=2003&category=Film&award=Actress+in+a+Leading+Role |title=Actress in a Leading Role 2003 |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411091019/http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?year=2003&category=Film&award=Actress+in+a+Leading+Role |archive-date=April 11, 2010 |url-status=live |access-date=July 29, 2009}}</ref>

''Variety'' opined that Johansson's roles in ''Lost in Translation'' and ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'' established her as among the most versatile actresses of her generation.<ref name="variety">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=https://variety.com/exec/scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 8, 2017 |work=Variety |date=October 5, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708203523/http://variety.com/exec/scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017}}</ref> Johansson had five releases in 2004, three of which—the teen heist film ''[[The Perfect Score]]'', the drama ''[[A Love Song for Bobby Long]]'', and the drama ''[[A Good Woman (film)|A Good Woman]]''—were critical and commercial failures.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=scarlettjohansson.htm |title=Scarlett Johansson Movie Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=September 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829102754/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=scarlettjohansson.htm |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Co-starring with [[John Travolta]], Johansson played a discontented teenager in ''A Love Song for Bobby Long'', which is based on the novel ''Off Magazine Street'' by Ronald Everett Capps. David Rooney of ''Variety'' wrote that Johansson's and Travolta's performances rescued the film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rooney |first1=David |title=Review: 'A Love Song for Bobby Long' |url=https://variety.com/2004/film/awards/a-love-song-for-bobby-long-1200531262/ |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=September 7, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042308/http://variety.com/2004/film/awards/a-love-song-for-bobby-long-1200531262/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> Johansson earned a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama]] nomination for the film.<ref name="GGlobe" />

In her fourth release in 2004, the [[live-action animated film|live-action animated]] comedy ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', Johansson voiced Princess Mindy, the daughter of [[Neptune (mythology)|King Neptune]]. She agreed to the project because of her love of cartoons, particularly ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Kirschling |first1=Gregory |title=How the ''SpongeBob'' movie snagged Scarlett Johansson |url=https://ew.com/article/2004/04/09/how-spongebob-movie-snagged-scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=September 25, 2017 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 9, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042052/http://ew.com/article/2004/04/09/how-spongebob-movie-snagged-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> The film was her most commercially successful release that year.<ref name="BOM" /> She would then reprise her role as Mindy in the [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game)|video game adaptation]] of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-first-look/1100-6103444/|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie First Look |first=Brad |last=Shoemaker |publisher=GameSpot|access-date=October 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528232337/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-first-look/1100-6103444/|archive-date=May 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> She followed it with ''[[In Good Company (2004 film)|In Good Company]]'', a comedy-drama in which she plays a young woman who complicates her father's life when she dates his much younger boss. Reviews of the film were generally positive, describing it as "witty and charming".<ref>{{cite web |title=In Good Company (2004) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_good_company/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=January 14, 2005 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830134624/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_good_company |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> Ebert was impressed with Johansson's portrayal, writing that she "continues to employ the gravitational pull of quiet fascination".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert|title=In Good Company Movie Review & Film Summary (2005) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/in-good-company-2005 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=January 13, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191039/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-good-company-2005 |archive-date=September 26, 2017|via=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref>

===2005–2009: Collaborations with Woody Allen===
[[File:Scarlett Johansson on Columbia campus.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson on the campus of [[Columbia University]] during the filming of [[The Nanny Diaries (film)|''The Nanny Diaries'']], 2006]]
Johansson played Nola, an aspiring actress who begins an affair with a married man (played by [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]]) in [[Woody Allen]]'s drama ''[[Match Point]]'' in 2005. After replacing [[Kate Winslet]] with Johansson for the role, Allen changed the character's nationality from British to American.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garfield |first1=Simon |title=Why I love London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/08/features.review |access-date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[The Observer]] |date=August 8, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191008/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/08/features.review |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> An admirer of Allen's films, Johansson liked the idea of working with him, but felt nervous her first day on the set.<ref>{{cite web |title=IndieLondon: Match Point – Scarlett Johansson interview – Your London Reviews |url=http://www.indielondon.co.uk/Film-Review/match-point-scarlett-johansson-interview |publisher=IndieLondon |access-date=September 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926195533/http://www.indielondon.co.uk/Film-Review/match-point-scarlett-johansson-interview |archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' was impressed with the performances of Johansson and Rhys Meyers,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2005/12/28/movies/28matc.html |title=Match Point (2005) |first=A. O. |last=Scott |authorlink=A.O. Scott |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 28, 2005 |access-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> and LaSalle, writing for the ''San Francisco Chronicle'', stated that Johansson "is a powerhouse from the word go", with a performance that "borders on astonishing".<ref>{{cite news |first=Mick |last=LaSalle |authorlink=Mick LaSalle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/01/06/DDG4SGHCJP1.DTL |title=Advantage Allen. Woody has done well to leave New York for London. He's back in the game with 'Match Point.' |date=January 6, 2006 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817092903/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F01%2F06%2FDDG4SGHCJP1.DTL |archive-date=August 17, 2007}}</ref> The film, a box office success,<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Point (2005) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=matchpoint.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=September 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701235048/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=matchpoint.htm |archive-date=July 1, 2017}}</ref> earned Johansson nominations for the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Golden Globe]] and the [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref name= GGlobe /><ref name="nytawards">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson profile |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/200222/Scarlett-Johansson/awards |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224112556/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/200222/Scarlett-Johansson/awards |archive-date=February 24, 2009}}</ref> Also that year, Johansson starred with [[Ewan McGregor]] in [[Michael Bay]]'s science fiction film ''[[The Island (2005 film)|The Island]]'', in dual roles as Sarah Jordan and her clone, Jordan Two Delta. Johansson found her filming schedule exhausting: she had to shoot for fourteen hours a day, and she hit her head and injured herself.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett the action hero |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3644873/Scarlett-the-action-hero.html |access-date=October 4, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=July 8, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005050635/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3644873/Scarlett-the-action-hero.html |archive-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews and grossed $163 million against a $126 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Island (2005) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/island |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304223911/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/island/ |archive-date=March 4, 2009}} {{cite web |title=The Island (2005) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=island05.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=July 31, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723024226/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=island05.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref>

Two of Johansson's films in 2006 explored the world of stage magicians, both opposite [[Hugh Jackman]]. Allen cast her opposite Jackman and himself in the film ''[[Scoop (2006 film)|Scoop]]'' (2006), in which she played a journalism student. The film was a modest worldwide box office success, but polarized critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=scoop.htm |title=Scoop |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=August 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727003003/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=scoop.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/scoop |title=Scoop (2006) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=July 28, 2006 |access-date=August 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215000005/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/scoop/ |archive-date=February 15, 2009}}</ref> Ebert was critical of the film, but found Johansson "lovely as always",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |title=Scoop Movie Review & Film Summary (2006) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/scoop-2006 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |via=[[RogerEbert.com]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928010008/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/scoop-2006 |archive-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> and LaSalle noted the freshness she brought to her part.<ref name="sfgate">{{cite news |last=LaSalle |first=Mick |authorlink=Mick LaSalle |title='Scoop' is Allen's funniest film in years |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=July 28, 2006 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/07/28/DDGG5K5KIL1.DTL |access-date=September 27, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524194408/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F07%2F28%2FDDGG5K5KIL1.DTL |archive-date=May 24, 2011}}</ref> She also appeared in [[Brian De Palma]]'s ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'', a [[film noir]] shot in Los Angeles and Bulgaria. Johansson later said she was a fan of De{{nbsp}}Palma and had wanted to work with him on the film but thought that she was unsuitable for the part.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.about.com/od/theblackdahlia/a/dahliasj091306.htm |website=[[About.com]] |title=Scarlett Johansson Talks About The Black Dahlia |last=Murray |first=Rebecca |year=2006 |access-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213004251/http://movies.about.com/od/theblackdahlia/a/dahliasj091306.htm |archive-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> [[Anne Billson]] of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' likewise found her miscast.<ref name="interesting" /> However, [[CNN]] said that she "takes to the pulpy period atmosphere as if it were oxygen".<ref>{{cite news |first=Owen |last=Gleiberman |title=Black Dahlia a stylish misfire |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Movies/09/15/ew.mov.blackdahlia/ |publisher=CNN |date=September 15, 2006 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103030029/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Movies/09/15/ew.mov.blackdahlia/ |archive-date=November 3, 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Scarlett Johansson (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson on the set of ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' in 2007|alt=Scarlett Johansson with tousled medium length blonde hair loosely around her shoulders and face, looking to her right.]]

Also in 2006, Johansson starred in the short film ''When the Deal Goes Down'' to accompany [[Bob Dylan]]'s song "When the Deal Goes Down..." from the album ''[[Modern Times (Bob Dylan album)|Modern Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson Stars in 'When The Deal Goes Down' Film Directed by Bennett Miller Set to New Bob Dylan Song |url=https://www.sony.com/content/sony/en/en_us/SCA/company-news/press-releases/sony-music-entertainment/2006/scarlett-johansson-stars-in-when-the-deal-goes-down-film-directed-by-bennett-miller-set-to-new-bob-dylan-song.html |publisher=[[Sony]] |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421084145/https://www.sony.com/content/sony/en/en_us/SCA/company-news/press-releases/sony-music-entertainment/2006/scarlett-johansson-stars-in-when-the-deal-goes-down-film-directed-by-bennett-miller-set-to-new-bob-dylan-song.html |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |date=August 31, 2006}}</ref> Johansson had a supporting role of assistant and lover of Jackman's character, an [[aristocratic]] magician, in [[Christopher Nolan]]'s mystery thriller ''[[The Prestige]]'' (2006). Nolan thought Johansson possessed "ambiguity" and a "shielded quality".<ref name="esquire">{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson Is the Sexiest Woman Alive, 2006 |url=http://www.esquire.com/women/the-sexiest-woman-alive/scarlett-johansson-pics |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |first=A.J. |last=Jacobs |date=October 31, 2006 |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004443/http://www.esquire.com/women/the-sexiest-woman-alive/scarlett-johansson-pics |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="casting">{{cite news |last=Carle |first=Chris |date=October 12, 2006 |title=Casting The Prestige |work=[[IGN]] |url=http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/738/738782p1.html |url-status=dead |access-date=August 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903025734/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/738/738782p1.html |archive-date=September 3, 2009}}</ref> She was fascinated with Nolan's directing methods and liked working with him.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fischer |first=Paul |title=Interview: Scarlett Johansson for "Scoop" |url=http://www.darkhorizons.com/features/1039/scarlett-johansson-for-scoop |work=[[Dark Horizons]] |date=July 26, 2006|access-date=March 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219140636/http://www.darkhorizons.com/features/1039/scarlett-johansson-for-scoop|archive-date=February 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a critical and box office success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://metacritic.com/film/titles/prestige |title=The Prestige (2006) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214233227/http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/prestige |archive-date=February 14, 2009}} {{cite web |title=The Prestige |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=prestige.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 3, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621000309/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=prestige.htm |archive-date=June 21, 2009}}</ref> recommended by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' as "an adult, provocative piece of work".<ref>{{cite news |first=Kenneth |last=Turan |title=The Prestige |url=http://www.calendarlive.com/printedition/calendar/cl-et-prestige20oct20,0,1454799.story |date=October 20, 2006 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105020523/http://www.calendarlive.com/printedition/calendar/cl-et-prestige20oct20,0,1454799.story |archive-date=January 5, 2007 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Some critics were skeptical of her performance: Billson again judged her miscast, and Dan Jolin of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' criticized her English accent.<ref name="interesting">{{cite news |last1=Billson |first1=Anne |author-link=Anne Billson |title=How Scarlett Johansson got interesting |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10458053/How-Scarlett-Johansson-got-interesting.html |access-date=September 27, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=November 19, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928060039/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10458053/How-Scarlett-Johansson-got-interesting.html |archive-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jolin |first1=Dan |title=The Prestige |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/prestige/review/ |access-date=September 27, 2017 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805225820/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/prestige/review/ |archive-date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson's sole release of 2007 was the critically panned comedy-drama ''[[The Nanny Diaries (film)|The Nanny Diaries]]'' alongside [[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]] and [[Laura Linney]], in which she played a college graduate working as a nanny. Reviews of her performance were mixed; ''Variety'' wrote, "[She] essays an engaging heroine",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/the-nanny-diaries-1200557099/ |title=The Nanny Diaries |first=Lael |last=Loewenstein |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=August 17, 2007 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004923/http://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/the-nanny-diaries-1200557099/ |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''The New Yorker'' criticized her for looking "merely confused" while "trying to give the material a plausible emotional center".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2007/09/03/070903crci_cinema_denby |title=Eastern, Western |first=David |last=Denby |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=September 3, 2007 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223161926/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2007/09/03/070903crci_cinema_denby |archive-date=February 23, 2009}}</ref> In 2008, Johansson starred, with [[Natalie Portman]] and [[Eric Bana]], in ''[[The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)|The Other Boleyn Girl]]'', which also earned mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Other Boleyn Girl |url=https://metacritic.com/film/titles/otherboleyngirl |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524081240/http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/otherboleyngirl/ |archive-date=May 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/other_boleyn_girl |title=The Other Boleyn Girl (2008) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627174425/http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/other_boleyn_girl/ |archive-date=June 27, 2009}}</ref> Promoting the film, Johansson and Portman appeared on the cover of ''[[W (magazine)|W]]'', discussing with the magazine the public's reception of them.<ref>{{cite news |title='Boleyn Girls' Natalie Portman & Scarlett Johansson Talk Monogamy |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20177666,00.html |access-date=October 6, 2017 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=February 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308081158/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20177666,00.html |archive-date=March 8, 2011}}</ref> In ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', [[Pete Travers]] criticized the film for "[moving] in frustrating herks and jerks", but thought that the duo were the only positive aspect of the production.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Travers |first=Peter |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/14584631/review/18947849/other_boleyn_girl |title=Other Boleyn Girl |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=March 20, 2008 |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504132955/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/14584631/review/18947849/other_boleyn_girl |archive-date=May 4, 2009 }}</ref> ''Variety'' credited the cast as "almost flawless ... at the top of its game", citing "Johansson's quieter Mary ... as the [film's] emotional center".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Other Boleyn Girl |first=Derek |last=Elley |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 18, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&id=2478&reviewid=VE1117936222 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326235657/http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&id=2478&reviewid=VE1117936222 |archive-date=March 26, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In her third collaboration with Woody Allen, the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]'' (2008), which was filmed in Spain, Johansson plays one of the love interests of [[Javier Bardem]]'s character alongside [[Penélope Cruz]].<ref name="usatoday807">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-08-21-scarlett-johansson-cover_N.htm |title=Hollywood enters the era of Scarlett Johansson |last=Stinson |first=Jeffrey |date=August 22, 2007 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=September 19, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030192546/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-08-21-scarlett-johansson-cover_N.htm |archive-date=October 30, 2007}}</ref> The film was one of Allen's most profitable and received favorable reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vicky Cristina Barcelona |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=vickycristinabarcelona.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924084515/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=vickycristinabarcelona.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2009}}</ref><ref name="mctop08">{{cite web |url=https://metacritic.com/film/awards/2008/toptens.shtml |title=Metacritic: 2008 Film Critic Top Ten Lists |publisher=Metacritic |access-date=January 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227063722/http://www.metacritic.com/film/awards/2008/toptens.shtml |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A reviewer in ''Variety'' described Johansson as "open and malleable" compared to the other actors.<ref>{{cite news |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |title=Vicky Cristina Barcelona |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=May 19, 2008 |access-date=August 7, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&reviewid=VE1117937165&cs=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330071440/http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&reviewid=VE1117937165&cs=1 |archive-date=March 30, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She also played the ''[[femme fatale]]'' Silken Floss in ''[[The Spirit (2008 film)|The Spirit]]'', based on the newspaper [[comic strip]] of [[Spirit (comics character)|the same name]] by [[Will Eisner]]. It received poor reviews from critics, who deemed it melodramatic, unoriginal and sexist.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/the_spirit |title=The Spirit (2008) |date=December 25, 2008 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321173043/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_spirit/ |archive-date=March 21, 2009}}</ref> Johansson's only role in 2009 was as Anna Marks, a yoga instructor, in the ensemble comedy-drama ''[[He's Just Not That Into You (film)|He's Just Not That into You]]'' (2009). The film was released to tepid reviews but was a box office success.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hesjustnotthatintoyou.htm |title=He's Just Not That into You |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809094956/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hesjustnotthatintoyou.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=He's Just Not That into You (2009) |date=February 6, 2009 |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/hes_just_not_that_into_you |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529125520/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hes_just_not_that_into_you/ |archive-date=May 29, 2009}}</ref>

===2010–2013: Marvel Cinematic Universe and worldwide recognition===
Aspiring to appear on Broadway since childhood, Johansson made her debut in a 2010 revival of [[Arthur Miller]]'s drama ''[[A View from the Bridge]]''.<ref name="GMUK">{{cite web |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2010/06/14/scarlett-johansson-wins-best-actress-tony-award |title=Scarlett Johansson wins Best Actress Tony Award |date=June 14, 2010 |work=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331160715/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2010/06/14/scarlett-johansson-wins-best-actress-tony-award |archive-date=March 31, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadway.com/buzz/scarlett-johansson-makes-her-broadway-debut-opposite-tony-winner-liev-schreiber-view-bridge/ |title=Scarlett Johansson to Make Her Broadway Debut Opposite Liev Schreiber in A View from the Bridge |date=October 26, 2009 |publisher=[[Key Brand Entertainment|Broadway.com]] |access-date=February 3, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327090703/http://www.broadway.com/buzz/scarlett-johansson-makes-her-broadway-debut-opposite-tony-winner-liev-schreiber-view-bridge/ |archive-date=March 27, 2010}}</ref> Set in the 1950s in an Italian American neighborhood in New York, it tells the tragic tale of Eddie ([[Liev Schreiber]]), who has an inappropriate love for his wife's orphaned niece, Catherine (Johansson). After initial reservations about playing a teenage character, Johansson was convinced by a friend to take on the part.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Isherwood |first1=Charles |title=Scarlett Johansson Made Broadway Look Easy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |access-date=October 3, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 12, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044004/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/theater/theaterspecial/16scarlett.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> [[Ben Brantley]] of ''The New York Times'' wrote Johansson "melts into her character so thoroughly that her nimbus of celebrity disappears".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brantley |first1=Ben |author-link=Ben Brantley |title=Theater Review – 'A View From the Bridge' – Arthur Miller's Tragic View From Brooklyn, at Cort Theater |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/25/theater/reviews/25view.html |access-date=September 28, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000926/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/25/theater/reviews/25view.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> ''Variety''{{'}}s David Rooney was impressed with the play and Johansson in particular, describing her as the chief performer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rooney |first1=David |title=A View From the Bridge |url=https://variety.com/2010/legit/reviews/a-view-from-the-bridge-1117941959/ |access-date=September 28, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=January 25, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000836/http://variety.com/2010/legit/reviews/a-view-from-the-bridge-1117941959/ |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> She won the 2010 [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/14/theater/theaterspecial/14tony.html |title='Red' and 'Memphis' Win Top Tony Awards |last=Healy |first=Patrick |date=June 14, 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045201/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/14/theater/theaterspecial/14tony.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> Some critics and Broadway actors criticized the award committee's decision to reward the work of major Hollywood stars, including Johansson. In response, she said that she understood the frustration but had worked hard for her accomplishments.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Suzy |title=Broadway Backlash Against Hollywood Stars Heats Up as Tony Awards Approach |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/broadway-backlash-hollywood-stars-heats-193117 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=May 30, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025190216/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/broadway-backlash-hollywood-stars-heats-193117 |archive-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson secured the part of [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Black Widow]] in [[Jon Favreau]]'s ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite web |author1=Finke, Nikki |title=Another 'Iron Man 2' Deal: Scarlett Johannson To Replace Emily Blunt As Black Widow For Lousy Lowball Money |url=https://deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2-8763/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=March 11, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501213236/http://deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2-8763/ |archive-date=May 1, 2015}}</ref> a part of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU),<ref name="MCU">{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/marvel-cinematic-universe-ranked-2/ |publisher=[[/Film]] |title=Heroes, Villains, Rejects, and A-Holes: The Marvel Cinematic Universe Ranked |date=May 10, 2017 |access-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001031417/http://www.slashfilm.com/marvel-cinematic-universe-ranked-2/ |archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> after [[Emily Blunt]] was forced to opt out due to other obligations.<ref name="varietyinterview23"/> Before she was cast, she dyed her hair red to convince Favreau that she was right for the part, and undertook stunt and [[strength training]] to prepare for the role.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rebecca |last=Murray |title=Scarlett Johansson Interview – 'Iron Man 2' |work=About.com Entertainment |url=http://movies.about.com/od/ironman2/a/scarlett-johansson.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114065925/http://movies.about.com/od/ironman2/a/scarlett-johansson.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=November 14, 2011}}</ref> Johansson said the character resonated with her, and she admired the superhero's human traits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2015/02/scarlett-johansson-new-mom-the-avengers/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Is Nobody's Baby |last=Hirschberg |first=Lynn |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=February 9, 2015 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219065507/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2015/02/scarlett-johansson-new-mom-the-avengers |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 2015}}</ref> The film earned $623.9 million against its $200 million budget, and received generally positive reviews from critics, although reviewers criticized how her character was written.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ironman2.htm |title=Iron Man 2 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=July 4, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602032832/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ironman2.htm |archive-date=June 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/iron_man_2 |title=Iron Man 2 |date=May 7, 2010 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=July 4, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625102736/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/iron_man_2/ |archive-date=June 25, 2012}}</ref> Tim Robey of ''The Daily Telegraph'' and Matt Goldberg thought that she had little to do but look attractive.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robey |first1=Tim |title=Iron Man 2, review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/7652746/Iron-Man-2-review.html |access-date=September 28, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=April 29, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623181745/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/7652746/Iron-Man-2-review.html |archive-date=June 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldberg |first1=Matt |title=Iron Man 2 Review |url=https://collider.com/iron-man-2-review-movie/ |work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=September 28, 2017 |date=May 6, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000950/http://collider.com/iron-man-2-review-movie/ |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> In 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film ''[[We Bought a Zoo]]'' alongside [[Matt Damon]]. The film got mainly favorable reviews, and Anne Billson praised Johansson for bringing depth to a rather uninteresting character.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/we_bought_a_zoo |title=We Bought a Zoo |date=December 23, 2011 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=July 5, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630075847/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/we_bought_a_zoo/ |archive-date=June 30, 2012}}</ref><ref name="interesting" /> Johansson earned a [[Teen Choice Award]] for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination for her performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: Complete Winners List |date=July 22, 2012 |publisher=[[MTV]] |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702121854/http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |archive-date=July 2, 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Scarlett Johansson SDCC 2013 by Gage Skidmore 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson at the 2013 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]

Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Frost |first1=Caroline |title=Interview: Scarlett Johansson On Buffing Up For Avengers, Speaking Russian And Trying To Look Sexy... |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/09/13/interview-scarlett-johansson-avengers-assemble-marvel_n_1880147.html |access-date=September 29, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=September 13, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183431/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/09/13/interview-scarlett-johansson-avengers-assemble-marvel_n_1880147.html |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> another entry from the MCU.<ref name=MCU /> The film received mainly positive reviews and broke many box office records, becoming the third highest-grossing film both in the United States and worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Marvel's The Avengers (2012) |date=May 4, 2012 |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630071806/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/ |archive-date=June 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331 |title=Box Office Milestone: 'The Avengers' Becomes No. 3 Pic of All Time With $1.331 Billion |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |date=June 2, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110140121/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331 |archive-date=November 10, 2012}}</ref> For her performance, she was nominated for two [[Teen Choice Awards]] and three [[People's Choice Awards]].{{efn|Johansson was nominated for Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy and Choice Summer Movie Star: Female, and People's Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actress, Favorite On-Screen Chemistry (shared with [[Jeremy Renner]]) and Favorite Face of Heroism.<ref name="AccoTeenChoice">{{cite web |url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |title=First Wave of 'Teen Choice 2012' Nominees Announced |publisher=[[Teen Choice Awards]] |date=May 18, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619221345/http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |archive-date=June 19, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="PeoplesChoice">{{cite web |title=The People's Choice Awards nominees are ... |url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2013 |publisher=[[People's Choice Awards]] |access-date=September 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106231424/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2013 |archive-date=November 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Later that year, Johansson portrayed actress [[Janet Leigh]] in [[Sacha Gervasi]]'s ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', a behind-the-scenes drama about the making of [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s 1960 film ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kroll |first=Justin |url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/scarlett-johansson-to-star-in-making-of-psycho-1118050966/ |title=Scarlett Johansson to star in 'Making of Psycho' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=March 1, 2012 |access-date=March 29, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404210722/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118050966 |archive-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref> Roger Ebert wrote that while Johansson did not look much like Leigh, she did convey her spunk, intelligence, and sense of humor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert|title=Hitchcock Movie Review & Film Summary (2012) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/hitchcock-2012 |access-date=September 29, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=November 20, 2012|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231502/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/hitchcock-2012 |archive-date=September 29, 2017|via=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref>

In January 2013, Johansson starred in a Broadway revival of ''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]]'', directed by [[Rob Ashford]]. Set in the [[Mississippi Delta]], it examines the relationships within the family of Big Daddy ([[Ciarán Hinds]]), primarily between his son Brick ([[Benjamin Walker (actor)|Benjamin Walker]]) and Maggie (Johansson).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/170231-Benjamin-Walker-Debra-Monk-and-Ciaran-Hinds-Will-Join-Scarlett-Johansson-in-Broadways-Cat-on-a-Hot-Tin-Roof |title=Benjamin Walker, Debra Monk and Ciaran Hinds Will Join Scarlett Johansson in Broadway's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof |last=Hetrick |first=Adam |date=September 20, 2012 |work=[[Playbill (magazine)|Playbill]] |access-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103134414/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/170231-Benjamin-Walker-Debra-Monk-and-Ciaran-Hinds-Will-Join-Scarlett-Johansson-in-Broadways-Cat-on-a-Hot-Tin-Roof |archive-date=January 3, 2013}}</ref> Her performance received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.eonline.com/news/379889/scarlett-johansson-in-cat-on-a-hot-tin-roof-early-reviews-surface-critics-not-so-hot-about-broadway-revival |title=Scarlett Johansson in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Early Reviews Surface, Critics Not So Hot About Broadway Revival |last=Grossberg |first=Josh |date=January 18, 2013 |publisher=E! News |access-date=January 18, 2013 |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517235103/https://www.eonline.com/news/379889/scarlett-johansson-in-cat-on-a-hot-tin-roof-early-reviews-surface-critics-not-so-hot-about-broadway-revival |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Entertainment Weekly''{{'}}s Thom Geier wrote Johansson "brings a fierce fighting spirit" to her part,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Geier |first=Thom |date=February 1, 2013 |title=Cat on a Hot Tin Roof |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |page=123}}</ref> but Joe Dziemianowicz from ''[[The Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' called her performance "alarmingly one-note".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/theater-review-cat-hot-tin-roof-article-1.1241257 |title=Theater review: 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' |last=Dziemianowicz |first=Joe |date=January 16, 2013 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=March 9, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423113720/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/theater-review-cat-hot-tin-roof-article-1.1241257 |archive-date=April 23, 2013}}</ref> The [[2013 Sundance Film Festival]] hosted the premiere of [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]]'s directorial debut, ''[[Don Jon]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |title=Joseph Gordon-Levitt directorial debut sells for $4m |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/22/joseph-gordon-levitt-directorial-debut |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 18, 2013 |date=January 22, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172720/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/22/joseph-gordon-levitt-directorial-debut |archive-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref> In this romantic comedy-drama, she played the girlfriend of the [[Pornography addiction|pornography-addicted]] title character. Gordon-Levitt wrote the role for Johansson, who had previously admired his acting work.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Breznican |first1=Anthony |title='Don Jon': How Joseph Gordon-Levitt wooed Scarlett Johansson |url=https://ew.com/article/2013/09/27/don-jon-how-joseph-gordon-levitt-wooed-scarlett-johansson-for-his-porn-obsession-satire/ |access-date=September 29, 2017 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183521/http://ew.com/article/2013/09/27/don-jon-how-joseph-gordon-levitt-wooed-scarlett-johansson-for-his-porn-obsession-satire/ |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The film received positive reviews and Johansson's performance was highlighted by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/don_jon |title=Don Jon |date=September 27, 2013 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=September 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001061853/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/don_jon/ |archive-date=October 1, 2013}}</ref> [[Claudia Puig]] of ''[[USA Today]]'' considered it to be one of her best performances.<ref>{{cite web |last=Puig |first=Claudia |author-link=Claudia Puig |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/26/don-jon-review/2711907 |title='Don Jon' weaves porn and comedy with unexpected charm |work=[[USA Today]] |date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928025528/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/26/don-jon-review/2711907/ |archive-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref>

In 2013, Johansson voiced the character Samantha, a self-aware [[computer operating system]], in [[Spike Jonze]]'s film ''[[Her (2013 film)|Her]]'', replacing [[Samantha Morton]] in the role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/2013/06/spike-jonze-replaced-samantha-morton-with-scarjo.html |title=Exclusive: Scarlett Johansson Replaced Samantha Morton in Spike Jonze's New Film, Her |last=Buchanan |first=Kyle |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=June 21, 2013 |access-date=December 25, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102014900/http://www.vulture.com/2013/06/spike-jonze-replaced-samantha-morton-with-scarjo.html |archive-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref> The film premiered at the 8th [[Rome Film Festival|Rome International Film Festival]], where Johansson won Best Actress; she was also nominated for the [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Henry |title=Scarlett Johansson voted best actress for voice-only role in Her |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/18/scarlett-johansson-her-best-actress |access-date=February 13, 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 18, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007170851/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/18/scarlett-johansson-her-best-actress |archive-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/critics-choice-movie-awards-nominees-full-list-652803/ |title=American Hustle, 12 Years A Slave Lead BFCA's Critics Choice Movie Awards Nominations |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=September 29, 2017 |date=December 17, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914053545/http://deadline.com/2013/12/critics-choice-movie-awards-nominees-full-list-652803/ |archive-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Johansson was intimidated by the role's complexity, and found her recording sessions for the role challenging but liberating.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Chris |title=Scarlett Johansson found her Siri-esque character in 'Her' liberating |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-nov-01-la-et-mn-ca-sneaks-scarlett-johansson-her-20131103-story.html |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 1, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302144039/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/01/entertainment/la-et-mn-ca-sneaks-scarlett-johansson-her-20131103 |archive-date=March 2, 2017}}</ref> Peter Travers believed Johansson's voice in the film was "sweet, sexy, caring, manipulative, scary [and] award-worthy".<ref>{{cite web |last=Travers |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Travers |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/her-20131218 |title='Her' Movie Review |newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=December 18, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001025/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/her-20131218 |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s [[Richard Corliss]] called her performance "seductive and winning",<ref name="TIME">{{Cite magazine |last=Corliss |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Corliss |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/12/spike-jonzes-her-falling-in-love-with-the-it-girl/ |title=Spike Jonze's 'her': Falling in Love With the IT Girl |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 12, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309042627/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/12/spike-jonzes-her-falling-in-love-with-the-it-girl/ |archive-date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> and ''Her'' was rated as one of the best films of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 Film Critic Top 10 Lists |url=https://metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2013 |publisher=Metacritic |access-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102162352/http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2013 |archive-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref>
She also won the [[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress]] at the [[40th Saturn Awards]] in 2014 for her performance.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://variety.com/2014/scene/news/saturn-awards-winners-gravity-her-iron-man-3-breaking-bad-walking-dead-1201251893/ |title = Saturn Awards: A Genre Reunion and More Gold for 'Gravity' |last1 = Cohen |first1 = David S. |date = June 27, 2014 |website = Variety |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190430111730/https://variety.com/2014/scene/news/saturn-awards-winners-gravity-her-iron-man-3-breaking-bad-walking-dead-1201251893/ |archive-date = April 30, 2019 |access-date = January 27, 2017 }}</ref>

Johansson was cast in [[Jonathan Glazer]]'s science fiction film ''[[Under the Skin (2013 film)|Under the Skin]]'' (2013) as an [[extraterrestrials in fiction|extraterrestrial]] creature disguised as a human femme fatale who preys on men in Scotland. The project, an adaptation of [[Michel Faber]]'s [[Under the Skin (novel)|novel of the same name]], took nine years to complete.<ref name="UTS">{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2013/08/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin-trailer |title=Alien Scarlett Johansson Seduces Scottish Men (but Not Early Critics) in Under the Skin, Her Sexy Hitchhiker Movie |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |first=Julie |last=Miller |date=September 3, 2013 |access-date=September 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905205257/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2013/08/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin-trailer |archive-date=September 5, 2013}}</ref> For the role, she learned to drive a van and speak in an English accent.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/mar/06/under-the-skin-director-jonathan-glazer-scarlett-johansson |title=Under the Skin: why did this chilling masterpiece take a decade? |last1=Leigh |first1=Danna |date=March 6, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604192026/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/mar/06/under-the-skin-director-jonathan-glazer-scarlett-johansson |archive-date=June 4, 2014}}</ref> Johansson improvised conversations with non-professional actors on the street, who did not know they were being filmed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26559813 |title=Scarlett Johansson on playing 'unscripted' scavenging alien |last1=Jones |first1=Emma |date=March 16, 2014 |website=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214649/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26559813 |archive-date=March 16, 2014}}</ref> It was released to generally positive reviews, with particular praise for Johansson.<ref name="UTS" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/under_the_skin_2013/ |title=Under the Skin (2013) |date=April 4, 2014 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=April 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153404/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/under_the_skin_2013/ |archive-date=April 4, 2014}}</ref> Erin Whitney, writing for ''[[HuffPost|The Huffington Post]]'', considered it to be her finest performance to that point, and noted that it was her first fully nude role.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/03/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin_n_5083880.html |title=Scarlett Johansson Opens Up About Her First Fully Nude Role In 'Under The Skin' |last=Whitney |first=Erin |date=April 4, 2014 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205120446/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/03/scarlett-johansson-under-the-skin_n_5083880.html |archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Author Maureen Foster wrote, "How much depth, breadth, and range Johansson mines from her character's very limited allowance of emotional response is a testament to her acting prowess that is, as the film goes on, increasingly stunning."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alien in the Mirror: Scarlett Johansson, Jonathan Glazer, and Under the Skin|last=Foster|first=Maureen|publisher=McFarland & Co., Inc.|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4766-7042-3|location=North Carolina|pages=44}}</ref> It earned Johansson a [[BIFA for Best Performance by an Actress in a British Independent Film]] nomination.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bifa.film/awards/nominations/2013 |title=Nominations Awards 2013 |work=[[British Independent Film Awards]] |access-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930180007/https://www.bifa.film/awards/nominations/2013 |archive-date=September 30, 2017}}</ref>

===2014–2020: Blockbuster films and critical acclaim===
[[File:Scarlett Johansson Césars 2014.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson at the [[39th César Awards|2014 César Awards]]|alt=Scarlett Johansson, wearing a dark blue coat, smiles to her left.]]

Continuing her work in the MCU, Johansson reprised her role as Black Widow in ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier]]'' (2014). In the film, she joins forces with [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Captain America]] ([[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]]) and [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Falcon]] ([[Anthony Mackie]]) to uncover a conspiracy within [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]], while facing a mysterious assassin known as the [[Winter Soldier (comics)|Winter Soldier]]. Johansson and Evans wrote their own dialogue for several scenes they had together.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Earp |first1=Catherine |title=Captain America stars contributed to script |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/captain-america/news/a590809/captain-america-actors-contributed-to-winter-soldier-script/ |work=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=October 2, 2017 |date=August 16, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002220351/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/captain-america/news/a590809/captain-america-actors-contributed-to-winter-soldier-script/ |archive-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> Johansson was attracted to her character's way of doing her job, employing her feminine wiles and not her physical appeal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Radish |first1=Christina |title=Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Samuel L. Jackson and Kevin Feige Talk Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Evolution of Black Widow, and Much More |url=https://collider.com/chris-evans-scarlett-johansson-captain-america-winter-soldier-interview/ |publisher=Collider |access-date=October 2, 2017 |date=March 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003025826/http://collider.com/chris-evans-scarlett-johansson-captain-america-winter-soldier-interview/ |archive-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref> The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $714 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/captain_america_the_winter_soldier_2014/ |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) |date=April 4, 2014 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=April 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726040718/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/captain_america_the_winter_soldier_2014/ |archive-date=July 26, 2015}}</ref> Critic Odie Henderson saw a "genuine emotional shorthand at work, especially from Johansson, who is excellent here".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Henderson |first1=Odie |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier Movie Review (2014) |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/captain-america-the-winter-soldier-2014 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=April 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002220315/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/captain-america-the-winter-soldier-2014 |archive-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> The role earned her a Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blake |first1=Emily |title=2015 Saturn Awards: 'Captain America: Winter Soldier,' 'Walking Dead' lead nominees |url=https://ew.com/article/2015/03/04/saturn-awards-captain-america-walking-dead/ |access-date=October 9, 2017 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 4, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822191124/http://ew.com/article/2015/03/04/saturn-awards-captain-america-walking-dead/ |archive-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson played a supporting role in the film ''[[Chef (2014 film)|Chef]]'' (2014), alongside [[Robert Downey Jr.]], [[Sofía Vergara]], and director Jon Favreau. It grossed over $45 million at the box office and was well received by critics. The ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' writer [[Richard Roeper]] found the film "funny, quirky and insightful, with a bounty of interesting supporting characters".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/27402577-421/chef-a-funny-story-then-a-long-dinner-break.html |title='Chef': A funny story, then a long dinner break |date=May 15, 2014 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |first=Richard |last=Roeper |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529123900/http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/27402577-421/chef-a-funny-story-then-a-long-dinner-break.html |archive-date=May 29, 2014}}</ref> In [[Luc Besson]]'s science fiction action film ''[[Lucy (2014 film)|Lucy]]'' (2014), Johansson starred as the title character, who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream.<ref name="hollywoodreporter2">{{cite web |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/scarlett-johansson-star-luc-bessons-446576 |title=Scarlett Johansson to Star in Luc Besson's Latest Action Movie (Exclusive) |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 22, 2013 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822103821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/scarlett-johansson-star-luc-bessons-446576 |archive-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref> Besson discussed the role with several actresses, and cast Johansson based on her strong reaction to the script and her discipline.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucy Production Notes |work=[[Universal Pictures]] |access-date=August 11, 2014 |url=http://www.lucymovie.com/pdf/lucy_production_notes.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801123339/http://lucymovie.com/pdf/lucy_production_notes.pdf |archive-date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> Critics generally praised the film's themes, visuals, and Johansson's performance; some found the plot nonsensical.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lombardi |first=Ken |title='Lucy,' 'Hercules' both get strength from critics |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=July 25, 2014 |access-date=September 8, 2014 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lucy-hercules-both-get-strength-from-critics/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200221/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/lucy-hercules-both-get-strength-from-critics/ |archive-date=September 10, 2014}} {{cite web |last=Sims |first=David |title=Is 'Lucy' Being Criticized as Dumb Because It's About Being Smart? |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=July 25, 2014 |access-date=July 25, 2014 |url=http://www.thewire.com/entertainment/2014/07/is-lucy-being-criticized-as-dumb-because-its-about-being-smart/375053/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725173824/http://www.thewire.com/entertainment/2014/07/is-lucy-being-criticized-as-dumb-because-its-about-being-smart/375053/ |archive-date=July 25, 2014}} {{cite web |last=Gettell |first=Oliver |title='Lucy': 5 reasons the Scarlett Johansson film ruled the box office |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 22, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-lucy-5-reasons-scarlett-johansson-ruled-the-box-office-20140728-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826153932/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-lucy-5-reasons-scarlett-johansson-ruled-the-box-office-20140728-story.html |archive-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref> [[IGN]]'s Jim Vejvoda attributed the film's success to her acting and Besson's style.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vejvoda |first=Jim |title=Lucy Review |publisher=IGN |date=July 23, 2014 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url=https://ign.com/articles/2014/07/23/lucy-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905235500/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/07/23/lucy-review |archive-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> The film grossed $458 million on a budget of $40 million to become [[2014 in film|the 18th highest-grossing film of 2014]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Yearly Box Office Results |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2014&p=.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914071826/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2014&p=.htm |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref>

In 2015 and 2016, Johansson again played Black Widow in the MCU films ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''. During filming of the former, a mixture of close-ups, concealing costumes, stunt doubles and visual effects were used to hide her pregnancy.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/07/18/avengers-age-of-ultron-scarlett-johanssons-pregnancy/ |title=How 'Avengers: Age of Ultron' will hide Scarlett Johansson's pregnancy |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 18, 2014 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720001007/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/07/18/avengers-age-of-ultron-scarlett-johanssons-pregnancy/ |archive-date=July 20, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Both films earned more than $1.1 billion, ranking among the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing films of all time]].<ref name="all time">{{cite web |title=All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102025933/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref> For ''Civil War'', Johansson earned her second nomination for [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie]] and her fourth for Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='La La Land,' 'Arrival,' 'Moonlight' Top Critics' Choice Nominations |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/lists/critics-choice-awards-2016-film-nomination-complete-list-951822 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=December 1, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228013612/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/critics-choice-awards-2016-film-nomination-complete-list-951822 |archive-date=February 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bryant |first1=Jacob |title='Star Wars,' 'Mad Max,' 'Walking Dead' Lead Saturn Awards Nominations |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/saturn-awards-nominations-2016-star-wars-mad-max-1201713942/ |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 24, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507141412/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/saturn-awards-nominations-2016-star-wars-mad-max-1201713942/ |archive-date=May 7, 2016}}</ref> Earlier in 2016, Johansson had featured in the Coen brothers' well-received comedy film ''[[Hail, Caesar!]]'' about a "fixer" working in the classical Hollywood cinema, trying to discover what happened to a cast member who vanished during the filming of a biblical epic; Johansson plays an actress who becomes pregnant while her film is in production.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/hail_caesar_2016/ |title=Hail, Caesar! (2016) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |date=February 5, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830120540/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hail_caesar_2016 |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> She also voiced [[Kaa]] in [[Jon Favreau]]'s ''[[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|The Jungle Book]]'', a live-action adaptation of [[Walt Disney Pictures|Disney]]'s [[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|1967 animated film]], and voiced Ash in the animated [[jukebox musical]] comedy film ''[[Sing (2016 American film)|Sing]]'' (both released in 2016).<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/scarlett_johansson |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=October 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830071454/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/scarlett_johansson |archive-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> That year she also narrated an audiobook of [[Lewis Carroll]]'s children's novel ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Listen to Scarlett Johansson Narrate Alice in Wonderland, Directed by Her Sister |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/01/scarlett-johansson-alice-in-wonderland |access-date=April 15, 2020 |magazine=Vanity Fair |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426171717/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/01/scarlett-johansson-alice-in-wonderland |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Ghost In The Shell World Premiere Red Carpet, Scarlett Johansson (cropped).JPG|thumb|left|upright|Johansson at the premiere of ''[[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' in 2017]]

Johansson played [[Motoko Kusanagi]] in [[Rupert Sanders]]'s 2017 [[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|film adaptation]] of the ''[[Ghost in the Shell]]'' franchise. The film was praised for its visual style, acting, and cinematography, but was the subject of controversy for [[Whitewashing in film|whitewashing]] the cast, particularly Johansson's character, a cyborg who was meant to hold the memories of a Japanese woman.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/16/dreamworks-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-the-shell-whitewashing |title=DreamWorks accused of 'whitewashing' Ghost in the Shell by casting Scarlett Johansson |last=Child |first=Ben |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 16, 2015 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527022409/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/16/dreamworks-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-the-shell-whitewashing |archive-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/petition-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-shell_n_6481288.html |title=Petition Calls For Recast of Scarlett Johansson's Role In 'Ghost in the Shell' |work=[[HuffPost]] |last=Sieczkowski |first=Cavan |date=January 15, 2015 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322203429/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/petition-scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-shell_n_6481288.html |archive-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> Responding to the backlash, the actress asserted she would never play a non-white character, but wanted to take the rare opportunity to star in a female-led franchise.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hauser |first1=Brooke |title=Scarlett Johansson on Politics, Motherhood, and 'Ghost in a Shell' |url=https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a25191/scarlett-johansson-march-2017-cover/ |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Marie Claire]] |date=February 6, 2017 |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917215412/http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a25191/scarlett-johansson-march-2017-cover/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Ghost in the Shell'' grossed $169.8 million worldwide against a production budget of $110 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ghostintheshell2017.htm |title=The Ghost in the Shell (2017) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906213024/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ghostintheshell2017.htm |archive-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> In March 2017, Johansson hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' for the fifth time, making her the seventeenth person and the fourth woman{{efn|After [[Candice Bergen]], [[Drew Barrymore]], and former cast member [[Tina Fey]].<ref name="billboard">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/television/7718236/scarlett-johansson-saturday-night-live |title=Watch Scarlett Johansson Join the Five-Timers' Club on 'Saturday Night Live' |last=Tarnoff |first=Brooke |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=March 12, 2017 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312222146/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/television/7718236/scarlett-johansson-saturday-night-live |archive-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref>}} to enter the [[NBC]] sketch comedy's prestigious [[Five-Timers Club]].<ref name="billboard" /> Johansson's next 2017 film was the comedy ''[[Rough Night]]'', where she played Jess Thayer, one of the five friends—alongside [[Kate McKinnon]], [[Jillian Bell]], [[Ilana Glazer]], and [[Zoë Kravitz]]—whose bachelorette party goes wrong after a male stripper dies. The film had a mixed critical reception and moderate box office returns.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hughes |first1=Mark |title='Wonder Woman' Powering To Super $550+ Million This Weekend |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2017/06/15/wonder-woman-powering-to-super-550-million-this-weekend/ |access-date=October 2, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=June 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008233835/https://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2017/06/15/wonder-woman-powering-to-super-550-million-this-weekend/ |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Johansson voiced show dog Nutmeg in [[Wes Anderson]]'s stop-motion animated film ''[[Isle of Dogs (film)|Isle of Dogs]]'', released in March,<ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Mekado |title=Making the Dogs of 'Isle of Dogs' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/movies/isle-of-dogs-behind-the-scenes-wes-anderson.html |access-date=March 30, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330033613/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/movies/isle-of-dogs-behind-the-scenes-wes-anderson.html|archive-date=March 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and reprised her MCU role as Black Widow in ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'', which followed the next month.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avengers_infinity_war |title=Avengers: Infinity War (2018) |date=April 27, 2018 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=April 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427004733/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avengers_infinity_war |archive-date=April 27, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson was due to star in ''Rub & Tug'', a biographical film in which she would have played [[Dante "Tex" Gill]], a [[transgender]] man who operated a massage parlor and prostitution ring in the 1970s and 1980s. She dropped out of the project following backlash to the casting of a [[cisgender]] woman to play a transgender man.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Galuppo |first1=Mia |title=Scarlett Johansson Drops Out of 'Rub & Tug' Trans Film Following Backlash |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scarlett-johansson-drops-trans-film-rub-tug-backlash-1127003 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 13, 2018 |date=July 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713185655/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scarlett-johansson-drops-trans-film-rub-tug-backlash-1127003 |archive-date=July 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, Johansson once again reprised her role as Black Widow in ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', which is the highest-grossing film of all time.<ref name="all time" /> She next starred in [[Noah Baumbach]]'s [[Netflix]] film ''[[Marriage Story]]'' in which [[Adam Driver]] and she played a warring couple who file for divorce. Johansson found a connection with her character as she was amid her own divorce proceedings at the time.<ref name="thr19">{{cite news |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |title=The Season of Scarlett Johansson: Two Hot Films, Her Marvel Future, Woody Allen and a Pick for President |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/scarlett-johansson-talks-woody-allen-elizabeth-warren-black-widow-1235618 |access-date=January 7, 2020 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 4, 2019}}</ref> [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' commended her "brilliantly textured" performance in it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Bradshaw |title=Marriage Story review: Adam Driver v Scarlett Johansson in devastating divorce drama |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/aug/29/marriage-story-review-adam-driver-scarlett-johansson-divorce-comedy-drama-noah-baumbach |access-date=August 30, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829232723/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/aug/29/marriage-story-review-adam-driver-scarlett-johansson-divorce-comedy-drama-noah-baumbach |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> She also took on the supporting role of a young boy's mother who shelters a Jewish girl in [[Nazi Germany]] in [[Taika Waititi]]'s satire ''[[Jojo Rabbit]]''. Waititi modeled the character on his own mother and cast Johansson to provide her a rare opportunity to perform comedy.<ref name="thr19" /> The film received polarized reviews, but [[Stephanie Zacharek]] labeled her the "lustrous soul of the movie".<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Adam |title=Jojo Rabbit dubbed a 'self-congratulatory' 'hipster Nazi comedy' in mixed first reviews |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jojo-rabbit-review-toronto-film-festival-taika-waititi-hitler-comedy-a9097186.html |access-date=September 10, 2019 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=September 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910214057/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jojo-rabbit-review-toronto-film-festival-taika-waititi-hitler-comedy-a9097186.html |archive-date=September 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Zacharek |first=Stephanie |title=Jojo Rabbit Is a Tender Black Comedy About Dark Times |url=https://time.com/5709376/jojo-rabbit-movie-review/ |access-date=January 7, 2020 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216111927/https://time.com/5709376/jojo-rabbit-movie-review/ |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Johansson received her first two [[Academy Award]] nominations, for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for her performances in ''Marriage Story'' and ''Jojo Rabbit'', respectively, becoming the twelfth performer to be [[List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year|nominated for two Oscars in the same year]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Vary|first=Adam B.|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/awards/scarlett-johansson-two-oscar-nominations-1203463697/|title=Scarlett Johansson Joins Elite Oscars Two-Timers Club With Double Nominations|work=Variety|date=January 13, 2020|access-date=January 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113142500/https://variety.com/2020/film/awards/scarlett-johansson-two-oscar-nominations-1203463697/|archive-date=January 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> She also received two BAFTA nominations for these films and a Golden Globe nomination for the former.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/2020-golden-globes-nominations-list-nominees-1203426905/|title=Golden Globes 2020: The Complete Nominations List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209155211/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/2020-golden-globes-nominations-list-nominees-1203426905/|archive-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ritman|first=Alex|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bafta-awards-2020-nominations-unveiled-1267114|title='Joker' Leads BAFTA 2020 Nominations|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 6, 2020|access-date=January 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107092213/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bafta-awards-2020-nominations-unveiled-1267114|archive-date=January 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2021–present: ''Black Widow'' lawsuit and professional expansion===
After a one-year screen absence, Johansson reprised her role as Black Widow in her own [[Black Widow (2021 film)|solo prequel film]] in 2021, on which she also served as an executive producer.<ref name="ExecutiveProducer2021">{{Cite web |last=Couch |first=Aaron |date=July 7, 2021 |title=Kevin Feige and 'Black Widow' Team on Straddling Marvel's Past and Future |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/black-widow-movie-kevin-feige-scarlett-johansson-1234978262/ |access-date=July 13, 2021 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709005404/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/black-widow-movie-kevin-feige-scarlett-johansson-1234978262/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also starring [[Florence Pugh]], the film is set after ''Captain America: Civil War'', with Johansson's character on the run, confronting her past. Johansson felt her role was complete,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Aurthur |first=Kate |date=July 7, 2021 |title='Black Widow' Stars Scarlett Johansson and Florence Pugh on Their Epic Journey and Natasha's Final Bow |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/black-widow-scarlett-johansson-florence-pugh-interview-1235012950/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708200127/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/black-widow-scarlett-johansson-florence-pugh-interview-1235012950/ |archive-date=July 8, 2021 |access-date=January 19, 2022 |magazine=Variety}}</ref> viewing it as a chance to showcase her character's independence and vulnerability, which she thought set her apart from other [[Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Avengers]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kwak |first=Yeon-soo |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Scarlett Johansson calls 'Black Widow' action film with lots of heart |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2021/06/689_311063.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628070833/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2021/06/689_311063.html |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |access-date=January 19, 2022 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> Critics were generally favorable in their reviews of the film, mainly praising Johansson and Pugh's performances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Black Widow |date=July 9, 2021 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/black_widow_2021 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822003209/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/black_widow_2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''{{'s}} David Rooney thought the film was a "stellar vehicle" for Johansson,<ref>{{cite news |last=Rooney |first=David |date=June 29, 2021 |title=Scarlett Johansson in Marvel's 'Black Widow': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/scarlett-johansson-in-marvels-black-widow-1234975052/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629160628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/scarlett-johansson-in-marvels-black-widow-1234975052/ |archive-date=June 29, 2021 |access-date=January 19, 2022 |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> and Pete Hammond of ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' found her "again a great presence in the role, showing expert action and acting chops throughout".<ref>{{cite news |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 29, 2021 |title='Black Widow' Review: Marvel Universe Starts Phase 4 With Action-Packed Sendoff For Scarlett Johansson's Avenger |url=https://deadline.com/video/black-widow-review-scarlett-johansson-marvel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705090115/https://deadline.com/video/black-widow-review-scarlett-johansson-marvel/ |archive-date=July 5, 2021 |access-date=January 19, 2022 |work=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> For the film, Johansson won The Female Movie Star of 2021 at the [[47th People's Choice Awards]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Huff |first1=Lauren |last2=Gettell |first2=Oliver |date=December 7, 2021 |title=2021 People's Choice Awards: See the full list of winners |url=https://ew.com/awards/peoples-choice-awards-2021-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208043128/https://ew.com/awards/peoples-choice-awards-2021-winners-list/ |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> Also that year, she reprised her voice role as Ash in the sequel ''[[Sing 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/04/sing-2-croods-2-release-date-changes-1202594951/|publisher=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 12, 2019|access-date=June 17, 2022|title='Sing 2' To Croon Summer 2021; 'The Croods 2' Moves To Holiday Season 2020|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828024514/https://deadline.com/2019/04/sing-2-croods-2-release-date-changes-1202594951/|archive-date=August 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Asteroid City Cannes Film Festival 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Johansson and [[Wes Anderson]] at the premiere of ''[[Asteroid City]]'' at the [[2023 Cannes Film Festival]]]]

In July 2021, Johansson sued [[Disney]], claiming the simultaneous release of ''Black Widow'' on their streaming service [[Disney+]] breached a contract clause for exclusive theatrical release, denying her additional box-office bonuses.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scarlett Johansson Sues Disney Over 'Black Widow' Streaming Release|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-sues-disney-over-black-widow-streaming-release-11627579278|first1=Joe|last1=Flint|first2=Erich|last2=Schwartzel|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=July 29, 2021|access-date=July 30, 2021|archive-date=July 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172411/https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-sues-disney-over-black-widow-streaming-release-11627579278|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, Disney said her lawsuit showed an indifference to the "horrific and prolonged" effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The company also stated that Johansson already received $20 million for the film and that the [[Disney+ Premier Access]]{{efn|Created during the COVID-19 pandemic with closed theaters, it was a premium add-on that let Disney+ subscribers watch new content locked behind a paywall.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Katz|first=Brandon|title=Don't Worry 'Mulan' Fans, Disney+ Premier Access Is Not as Confusing as You Think|url=https://observer.com/2020/08/disney-plus-premier-access-explained-mulan/|work=Observer|date=August 18, 2020|access-date=January 19, 2022|archive-date=January 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119214416/https://observer.com/2020/08/disney-plus-premier-access-explained-mulan/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} release would only earn her additional compensation.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lang|first=Brent|title=Disney Fires Back at Scarlett Johansson, Calls 'Black Widow' Lawsuit 'Sad and Distressing'|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-scarlett-johansson-black-widow-lawsuit-response-pandemic-1235030837/|date=July 29, 2021|access-date=July 30, 2021|magazine=Variety|archive-date=July 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730234507/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-scarlett-johansson-black-widow-lawsuit-response-pandemic-1235030837/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Hollywood Reporter'' called Disney's response "aggressive," and [[Creative Artists Agency]] co-chairman [[Bryan Lourd]] criticized Disney for attacking Johansson's character and disclosing her salary.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=July 30, 2021|title=CAA Co-Chair: Disney "Shamelessly" Attacked Scarlett Johansson Over Lawsuit|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/caa-co-chair-backs-scarlett-johansson-says-disney-shamelessly-attacked-stars-character-1234990777/|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=October 1, 2021}}</ref> In September, the dispute was resolved with undisclosed terms, though ''Variety'' later reported Johansson received over $40{{nbsp}}million and would continue working with Disney.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney resolves dispute with Scarlett Johansson over Black Widow movie|url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/scarlett-johansson-disney-black-widow-resolve-dispute-282111|date=October 1, 2021|website=CNA Lifestyle|access-date=October 1, 2021|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001021022/https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/scarlett-johansson-disney-black-widow-resolve-dispute-282111|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="varietyinterview23">{{Cite news|last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|title=Scarlett Johansson Opens Up About the Pain and Triumph of Disney Legal Battle Over 'Black Widow' and Wes Anderson's 'Liberating' Cannes Film|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/features/scarlett-johansson-disney-lawsuit-child-actor-interview-1235605851/|date=May 9, 2023|work=Variety|access-date=May 24, 2023|archive-date=May 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509235533/https://variety.com/2023/film/features/scarlett-johansson-disney-lawsuit-child-actor-interview-1235605851/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Johansson returned to the screen with Wes Anderson's comedy ''[[Asteroid City]]'' (2023), in which she led an ensemble cast. It was her second film to premiere at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] after ''Match Point'' (2005).<ref>{{cite news | last=Rooney | first=David | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/asteroid-city-review-scarlett-johansson-wes-anderson-1235497955/ | title='Asteroid City' Review: Scarlett Johansson Leads Stacked Ensemble That Gets Marooned in Cloying Wes Anderson Whimsy | work=The Hollywood Reporter | date=May 23, 2023 | accessdate=May 23, 2023 | archive-date=May 24, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524015552/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/asteroid-city-review-scarlett-johansson-wes-anderson-1235497955/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="varietyinterview23"/> For her two months of work on the film, she took a substantial pay cut, earning $4,131 a week.<ref name="varietyinterview23"/> Describing her collaboration with Anderson, she said, "I like the sort of constraints of Wes' precision. I think in some ways, it's more liberating."<ref name="varietyinterview23"/> Anthony Lane of ''The New Yorker'' praised Johansson's ability to add depth to her character and for skillfully portraying both reality and imagination with wit.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lane |first=Anthony |date=June 16, 2023 |title=In "Asteroid City," Humans Can Leave Impact Craters, Too |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/06/26/asteroid-city-movie-review-maggie-moores |access-date=June 18, 2023 |issn=0028-792X |archive-date=June 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618011229/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/06/26/asteroid-city-movie-review-maggie-moores |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Kristin Scott Thomas]]'s directorial debut ''[[My Mother's Wedding]]'', Johansson played one of three sisters reuniting for their mother's wedding.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grobar|first=Matt|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/scarlett-johansson-kristin-scott-thomas-my-mothers-wedding-1235039988/|title=Scarlett Johansson To Star In Kristin Scott Thomas' Feature Directorial Debut 'My Mother's Wedding' |work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 8, 2022|access-date=June 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608221142/https://deadline.com/2022/06/scarlett-johansson-kristin-scott-thomas-my-mothers-wedding-1235039988/|archive-date=June 8, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Guardian''{{'s}} Benjamin Lee was displeased by the film and Johansson's "awkward British accent".<ref>{{cite news | last=Lee | first=Benjamin | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/sep/08/north-star-review-kristin-scott-thomas-ho-hum-directorial-debut | title=North Star review – Kristin Scott Thomas makes a ho-hum directorial debut | work=The Guardian | date=September 8, 2023 | accessdate=September 15, 2023 | archive-date=September 15, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915004410/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/sep/08/north-star-review-kristin-scott-thomas-ho-hum-directorial-debut | url-status=live }}</ref>

Founding the production company These Pictures, Johansson produced and starred in ''[[Fly Me to the Moon (2024 film)|Fly Me to the Moon]]'' (2024), a romantic comedy set against the backdrop of the [[Space Race]], opposite [[Channing Tatum]].<ref>{{cite news|title=How 'Fly Me to the Moon' Writer Rose Gilroy Stopped at Nothing to Write for Scarlett Johansson|work=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Brian|last=Davids|date=July 11, 2024|access-date=July 19, 2024|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/how-fly-me-to-the-moon-rose-gilroy-scarlett-johansson-1235946785/|archive-date=July 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719223907/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/how-fly-me-to-the-moon-rose-gilroy-scarlett-johansson-1235946785/|url-status=live}}</ref> Critics considered the [[screwball comedy|screwball]] chemistry between Johansson and Tatum to be film's highlight.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fly Me to the Moon |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/fly_me_to_the_moon_2024 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=July 19, 2024 |archive-date=July 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728210550/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/fly_me_to_the_moon_2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> She voiced [[Elita-1]] in ''[[Transformers One]]'', an animated prequel to the [[Transformers (film series)|''Transformers'' film series]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=April 27, 2023 |title='Transformers' Animated Prequel Sets Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson and More Voice Cast |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/transformers-animated-prequel-chris-hemsworth-scarlett-johansson-1235596692/ |access-date=April 27, 2023 |work=Variety |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509045332/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/transformers-animated-prequel-chris-hemsworth-scarlett-johansson-1235596692/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both films had poor box-office returns.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/2024-box-office-numbers-movie-studios-disney-universal-paramount-1236236541/ |title=Box Office Studio Report Card: Disney's Billion-Dollar Rebound, Apple and Lionsgate Flop Hard and More |author1=Lang, Brent|author2=Rubin, Rebecca |date=December 19, 2024 |access-date=February 5, 2025 |work=Variety}}</ref> Keen to join the ''[[Jurassic Park (franchise)|Jurassic Park]]'' franchise for a decade, she starred in the instalment ''[[Jurassic World Rebirth]]'', which was released on July 2, 2025, to mixed to positive reviews and box office success.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Abid |date=June 25, 2024 |title=Scarlett Johansson Reveals Decade-Long Dream to Join 'Jurassic World': 'I'm Such an Enormous Fan of the Franchise and Huge Nerd for It' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/scarlett-johansson-jurassic-world-4-1235931696/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718171830/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/scarlett-johansson-jurassic-world-4-1235931696/ |archive-date=July 18, 2024 |access-date=July 18, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Verifying |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Jurassic-World-Rebirth-(2025)#tab=summary |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=www.the-numbers.com}}</ref> In addition, she reunited with Anderson in the ensemble adventure film ''[[The Phoenician Scheme]]'', released on May 30, 2025. She made her directorial debut with the drama ''[[Eleanor the Great]]'', starring [[June Squibb]] in the title role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thefilmstage.com/wes-andersons-the-phoenician-scheme-adds-scarlett-johansson-tom-hanks-willem-dafoe-benedict-cumberbatch-charlotte-gainsbourg-more/ |title=Wes Anderson's The Phoenician Scheme Adds Scarlett Johansson, Tom Hanks, Willem Dafoe, Benedict Cumberbatch, Charlotte Gainsbourg & More |last=Pearce |first=Leonard |date=June 6, 2024 |website=The Film Stage |access-date=June 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930011738/https://thefilmstage.com/wes-andersons-the-phoenician-scheme-adds-scarlett-johansson-tom-hanks-willem-dafoe-benedict-cumberbatch-charlotte-gainsbourg-more/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=February 23, 2024 |title=Scarlett Johansson's Directorial Debut 'Eleanor the Great' Sets Cast: June Squibb, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Jessica Hecht |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/scarlett-johansson-eleanor-the-great-june-squibb-chiwetel-ejiofor-1235920682/ |access-date=May 3, 2024 |work=Variety |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516131109/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/scarlett-johansson-eleanor-the-great-june-squibb-chiwetel-ejiofor-1235920682/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Eleanor'' premiered at the [[2025 Cannes Film Festival]] and released on September 26, 2025. By December 2025, she joined the cast for [[Mike Flanagan (filmmaker)|Mike Flanagan]]'s ''[[The Exorcist (2027 film)|The Exorcist]]'' and [[Matt Reeves]]' ''[[The Batman: Part II]]'' (2027), after dropping out of talks for [[Walt Disney Pictures|Disney]]'s [[List of remakes and adaptations of Disney animated films|live-action remake]] of ''[[Tangled]]'' (2010).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Disney's Live-Action ''Tangled'': Sarah Catherine Hook, Teagan Croft, Freya Skye and Olivia-Mai Barrett Up for Rapunzel Role (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/tangled-live-action-movie-casting-1236452339/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219132930/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/tangled-live-action-movie-casting-1236452339/ |archive-date=December 19, 2025 |access-date=December 22, 2025 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>

== Music career ==
{{See also|Scarlett Johansson discography}}
[[File:Scarlett Johansson 2016 TIFF Premiere.jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson attending the premiere of ''[[Sing (2016 American film)|Sing]]'' at the [[2016 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]

In 2006, Johansson sang the track "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]" for ''[[Unexpected Dreams – Songs from the Stars]]'', a non-profit collection of songs recorded by Hollywood actors. She performed with [[the Jesus and Mary Chain]] for a [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival|Coachella]] reunion show in [[Indio, California]], in April 2007.<ref name="coachella">{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Leeds |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Coachella: Scarlett Johansson Joins Jesus and Mary Chain |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/04/28/coachella-scarlett-johansson-joins-jesus-and-mary-chain |date=April 28, 2007 |access-date=April 28, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503084432/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/04/28/coachella-scarlett-johansson-joins-jesus-and-mary-chain/ |archive-date=May 3, 2007}}</ref> The following year, Johansson appeared as the leading lady in [[Justin Timberlake]]'s music video, for "[[What Goes Around... Comes Around]]", which was nominated for an [[MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year]].<ref name="MTV video">{{cite web |date=August 8, 2007 |title=Justin Timberlake, Beyonce lead MTV Video Music Awards with 7 nods each |access-date=August 23, 2007 |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/s_521050.html |work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119093343/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/s_521050.html |archive-date=January 19, 2010}}</ref>

In May 2008, Johansson released her debut album ''[[Anywhere I Lay My Head]]'', which consists of one original song and ten cover versions of [[Tom Waits]] songs, and features [[David Bowie]] and members from the [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] and [[Celebration (2000s band)|Celebration]].<ref name="observer" /> Reviews of the album were mixed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anywhere I Lay My Head by Scarlett Johansson |url=https://metacritic.com/music/artists/johanssonscarlett/anywhereilaymyhead |publisher=Metacritic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525225345/http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/johanssonscarlett/anywhereilaymyhead |archive-date=May 25, 2008 |access-date=December 6, 2019 }}</ref> ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' was not particularly impressed with Johansson's singing.<ref name="SMW">{{cite web |url=http://www.spin.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson-anywhere-i-lay-my-head-atco |title=Scarlett Johansson, 'Anywhere I Lay My Head' (ATCO) Bombshell actress coos coyly behind hipster sound sculptor. |last=Wood |first=Mikael |date=May 29, 2008 |work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |access-date=May 8, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213165648/http://www.spin.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson-anywhere-i-lay-my-head-atco |archive-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref> Some critics found it to be "surprisingly alluring",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/16/popandrock2 |first=Dorian |last=Lynskey |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Scarlett Johansson, Anywhere I Lay My Head |date=May 16, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305150045/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/16/popandrock2 |archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> "a bravely eccentric selection",<ref name="observer">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/18/popandrock.shopping18 |title=Scarlett Johansson, Anywhere I Lay My Head |last=Hoskyns |first=Barney |date=May 18, 2008 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 11, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172931/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/18/popandrock.shopping18 |archive-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref> and "a brilliant album" with "ghostly magic".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson/9660 |first=Priya |last=Elan |title=Scarlett Johansson – Anywhere I Lay My Head |work=[[NME]] |date=May 2, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423081735/http://www.nme.com/reviews/scarlett-johansson/9660 |archive-date=April 23, 2009}}</ref> ''[[NME]]'' named the album the "23rd best album of 2008", and it peaked at number{{nbsp}}126 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/top-50-albums-of-2008-1411175 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |date=December 10, 2008 |title=NME's Top 50 Albums of 2008 – Year-End List |journal=NME |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511082048/http://www.nme.com/photos/top-50-albums-of-2008-1411175 |archive-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Anywhere I Lay My Head (2008)|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/scarlett-johansson/chart-history/|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 8, 2009|archive-date=November 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121100418/https://www.billboard.com/artist/scarlett-johansson/chart-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson started listening to Waits when she was 11 or 12 years old,<ref>{{cite web |first=Stephen |last=Mooallem |title=Scarlett Johansson |url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/scarlett-johansson/2 |work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |date=November 30, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520054511/http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/scarlett-johansson/2 |archive-date=May 20, 2009}}</ref> and said of him, "His melodies are so beautiful, his voice is so distinct and I had my own way of doing Tom Waits songs."<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Jackson |title=Scarlett Johansson and David Sitek talk Tom Waits Album |work=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]] |date=February 13, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url=https://pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/02/scarlett-johansson-and-david-sitek-talk-tom-waits.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210203631/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/02/scarlett-johansson-and-david-sitek-talk-tom-waits.html |archive-date=February 10, 2009}}</ref>

In September 2009, Johansson and singer-songwriter [[Pete Yorn]] released a collaborative album, ''[[Break Up (album)|Break Up]]'', inspired by [[Serge Gainsbourg]]'s duets with [[Brigitte Bardot]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Edna |last=Gundersen |title=Listen as Yorn, Johansson 'Break Up' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-05-21-break-up-album_N.htm |work=[[USA Today]] |date=May 12, 2009 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804180239/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-05-21-break-up-album_N.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2009}}</ref> The album reached number 41 in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/pete-yorn-mn0000844043/awards |title=Pete Yorn – Awards |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=October 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317203825/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pete-yorn-mn0000844043/awards |archive-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> In 2010, [[Steel Train]] released ''Terrible Thrills Vol.{{nbsp}}1'', which includes their favorite female artists singing songs from their [[Steel Train (album)|self-titled album]]. Johansson is the first artist on the album, singing "Bullet".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americansongwriter.com/2010/06/scarlett-johansson-tegan-and-sara-stump-for-steel-train |title=Scarlett Johansson, Tegan And Sara Stump For Steel Train |first=Evan |last=Schlansky |work=[[American Songwriter]] |date=June 4, 2010 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707133204/http://www.americansongwriter.com/2010/06/scarlett-johansson-tegan-and-sara-stump-for-steel-train/ |archive-date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> Johansson sang "One Whole Hour" for the 2011 soundtrack of the documentary film ''[[Wretches & Jabberers]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/wretches-jabberers-soundtrack/413744014 |title="Wretches & Jabberers Soundtrack", by J. Ralph Featuring Various Artists, iTunes web site |publisher=[[iTunes Store]] |date=January 11, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118064622/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/wretches-jabberers-soundtrack/id413744014 |archive-date=January 18, 2011}}</ref> In 2012 sang on a J.{{nbsp}}Ralph track entitled "Before My Time" for the end credits of the climate documentary ''[[Chasing Ice]]'' (2012),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hear-5-oscar-nominees-for-best-original-song/ |title=Hear 5 Oscar nominees for Best Original Song |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=January 12, 2013 |access-date=March 30, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327003441/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-207_162-57563553/hear-5-oscar-nominees-for-best-original-song/ |archive-date=March 27, 2013}}</ref> which received a nomination for an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Carlson|first=Erin|title=Oscars 2013: Best Song Contender J. Ralph on Scarlett Johansson's 'World-Class' Singing Voice|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-j-ralph-best-song-422620|access-date=July 12, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 20, 2013}}</ref>

In February 2015, Johansson formed a band called the Singles with Este Haim from [[Haim (band)|HAIM]], Holly Miranda, Kendra Morris, and Julia Haltigan. The group's first single was called "Candy".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/58565-scarlett-johansson-recruits-este-haim-for-girl-group-the-singles-shares-candy/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Recruits Este Haim for Girl Group the Singles, Shares 'Candy' |author1=Corban Goble |date=February 20, 2015 |work=Pitchfork |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221184249/http://pitchfork.com/news/58565-scarlett-johansson-recruits-este-haim-for-girl-group-the-singles-shares-candy/ |archive-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> Johansson was issued a cease and desist order from the lead singer of the Los Angeles-based rock band the Singles, demanding she stop using their name.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/scarlett-johanssons-new-band-faces-cease-and-desist-20150225 |title=Scarlett Johansson's New Band Faces Cease-and-Desist |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=February 25, 2015 |access-date=March 23, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318120806/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/scarlett-johanssons-new-band-faces-cease-and-desist-20150225 |archive-date=March 18, 2015}}</ref> In 2016, she performed "[[Trust in Me (The Python's Song)|Trust in Me]]" for [[The Jungle Book (2016 film)#Music|''The Jungle Book'' soundtrack]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-modernizing-jungle-book-20160414-story.html?dlvrit=95867 |title='Jungle Book' director Jon Favreau keeps the 19th century Kipling tone but updates the classic for modern times |author=Rebecca Keegan |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 15, 2016 |access-date=October 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901030456/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-modernizing-jungle-book-20160414-story.html?dlvrit=95867 |archive-date=September 1, 2017}}</ref> and "Set It All Free" and "I Don't Wanna" for ''[[Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sing (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Various Artists on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/sing-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1440869997 |publisher=iTunes Store |access-date=October 5, 2017 |date=December 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006055749/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sing-original-motion-picture/id1175498183 |archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Johansson collaborated with Pete Yorn again for an EP titled ''Apart'', released June 1.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/life-style/music/scarlett-johansson-returns-to-music-with-apart-1.2231168 |title=Scarlett Johansson returns to music with 'Apart' |agency=AFP |date=June 4, 2018 |work=GulfNews|access-date=June 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604140729/https://gulfnews.com/life-style/music/scarlett-johansson-returns-to-music-with-apart-1.2231168|archive-date=June 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Public image ==
Johansson is described as a [[sex symbol]] by the media.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Anita |title=Scarlett Johansson: Women actresses are victims of Hollywood ageism |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/2547469/Scarlett-Johansson-Women-actresses-are-victims-of-Hollywood-ageism.html |access-date=October 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 12, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065431/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/2547469/Scarlett-Johansson-Women-actresses-are-victims-of-Hollywood-ageism.html |archive-date=July 17, 2017}}</ref> As early as age seventeen, when filming ''Lost in Translation'', she felt she was groomed as a "bombshell-type" actor, as she explained in a 2022 podcast with Bruce Bozzi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharf |first=Zack |date=December 13, 2022 |title=Scarlett Johansson: I Was 'Kind of Groomed' Into Being a 'Bombshell-Type Actor' and 'I Couldn't Get Out of It' |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/scarlett-johansson-groomed-blonde-bombshell-actor-1235459786/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=Variety |archive-date=May 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521170422/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/scarlett-johansson-groomed-blonde-bombshell-actor-1235459786/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' describes her as "the embodiment of male fantasy".<ref name="localfav" /> During the filming of ''Match Point'', director Woody Allen remarked upon her attractiveness, calling her "beautiful" and "sexually overwhelming".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hill |first1=Logan |title=And God Created Scarlett |url=https://nymag.com/nymag/features/17409/ |access-date=October 9, 2017 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=July 3, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022192535/http://nymag.com/nymag/features/17409/|archive-date=October 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, ''The New Yorker'' film critic Anthony Lane wrote that "she is evidently, and profitably, aware of her sultriness, and of how much, down to the last inch, it contributes to the contours of her reputation."<ref name="NYer">{{cite news |first=Anthony |last=Lane |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/03/24/her-again |title=Her Again |date=March 24, 2014 |department=Onward and Upward with the Arts |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=56–63 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706115014/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/03/24/her-again |archive-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> Johansson has expressed displeasure at being sexualized and argued that a preoccupation with one's attractiveness does not last.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gay |first1=Jason |title=Scarlett Johansson Opens Up |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-opens-up-1395672967 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url-access=subscription |date=March 24, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234612/https://www.wsj.com/articles/scarlett-johansson-opens-up-1395672967 |archive-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> She has stated that while she is flattered to be considered sexy, she finds the implication that her strength comes from her sexuality to be confining.<ref name="JohanssonOct2016"/> She lost the role of [[Lisbeth Salander]] in ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)|The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo]]'' (2011) because the film's director [[David Fincher]] found her "too sexy" for the part.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Powers |first1=Lindsay |title=David Fincher: Scarlett Johansson Too Sexy for 'Girl With Dragon Tattoo' |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/david-fincher-scarlett-johansson-sexy-girl-with-dragon-tattoo-vogue-rooney-mara-249848 |access-date=October 18, 2017 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=October 18, 2011|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019065155/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/david-fincher-scarlett-johansson-sexy-girl-with-dragon-tattoo-vogue-rooney-mara-249848 |archive-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> In 2016, as a comment on the delays of producing a standalone Black Widow film, Johansson cautioned that she may not want to wear a "skin-tight catsuit" for much longer.<ref name="JohanssonOct2016">{{Cite magazine |last=Setoodeh |first=Ramin |date=October 12, 2016 |title=Scarlett Johansson on Black Widow Movie, 'The Avengers' and Donald Trump |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/scarlett-johansson-black-widow-movie-avengers-trump-1201887106/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013125021/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/scarlett-johansson-black-widow-movie-avengers-trump-1201887106/ |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |access-date=October 14, 2016 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

[[File:Scarlett Johansson at Golden Globes Red Carpet 2020.png|thumb|upright=1|Johansson at the 2020 [[Golden Globes Awards]]]]

Some media and fans call Johansson "ScarJo", which she finds lazy, flippant, and insulting.<ref name="Spero">{{cite web |last=Spero |first=Jesse |title=Scarlett Johansson Slams Own Nickname |url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/scarlett-johansson-slams-own-nickname-161439029.html |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] |date=April 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131814/https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/scarlett-johansson-slams-own-nickname-161439029.html |archive-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Morning Herald">{{cite news |first=Livia |last=Gamble |title=Scarlett Johansson's fuse shorts out over nickname |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/scarlett-johanssons-fuse-shorts-out-over-nickname-20140409-36cmx.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202074452/http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/scarlett-johanssons-fuse-shorts-out-over-nickname-20140409-36cmx.html|archive-date=December 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She has no social media profiles, and does not wish to "continuously share details of my everyday life".<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Arianna |last=Huffington |title=Scarlett Johansson |magazine=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |date=November 22, 2011 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/scarlett-johansson-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316010504/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/scarlett-johansson-1|archive-date=March 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson ranks highly in various beauty listings. ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' included her in their Hot 100 list from 2006 to 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2014/05/27/Scarlett-Johansson-makes-Maxims-Hot-100-dislikes-being-an-object-of-desire/6161401207884/ |title=Scarlett Johansson makes Maxim's Hot 100, dislikes 'being an object of desire' |last=Linares |first=Veronica |date=May 27, 2014 |work=[[United Press International]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171046/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2014/05/27/Scarlett-Johansson-makes-Maxims-Hot-100-dislikes-being-an-object-of-desire/6161401207884/|archive-date=October 7, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> She has been named "Sexiest Woman Alive" twice by ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' (2006 and 2013)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092900856.html |title=Esquire: Scarlett Johansson 'Sexiest' |date=September 29, 2006 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 29, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721050225/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092900856.html |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |url-status=live}} 
{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-named-sexiest-woman-alive/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Named Sexiest Woman Alive |date=October 7, 2013 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004451/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-named-sexiest-woman-alive/ |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> and has been included in similar listings by ''[[Playboy]]'' (2007),<ref name="BTPB07">{{cite news |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/iron-man-2-scarlett-johansson-fever-strikes-again-14782051.html |title=Iron Man 2: Scarlett Johansson fever strikes again. |date=April 27, 2010 |work=[[The Belfast Telegraph]] |access-date=May 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430044558/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/iron-man-2-scarlett-johansson-fever-strikes-again-14782051.html|archive-date=April 30, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]'' (2011),<ref>{{cite web |title=The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time |url=http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time |work=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]] |access-date=January 3, 2012 |year=2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815165801/http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time |archive-date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> and ''[[FHM]]'' (since 2005).<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson – Fulsome fantasy |url=http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/scarlett-johansson |access-date=May 4, 2012 |work=FHM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511221059/http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/scarlett-johansson |archive-date=May 11, 2012}}</ref> She was named ''[[GQ]]''{{'}}s Babe of the Year in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Derschowitz |first1=Jessica |title=Scarlett Johansson: GQ's Babe of the Year |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-gqs-babe-of-the-year/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=October 8, 2017 |date=November 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009043613/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scarlett-johansson-gqs-babe-of-the-year/|archive-date=October 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Johansson founded the plant-based skincare line, The Outset, with Kate Foster.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Brown|first1=Evan|title=Scarlett Johansson Says Her Plant-Based Beauty Line Is the "White T-Shirt of Skin Care" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/style/scarlett-johansson-the-outset-skincare-line-1235101580/ |access-date=July 22, 2024 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=March 1, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301141400/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/style/scarlett-johansson-the-outset-skincare-line-1235101580/ |archive-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref>

Johansson was invited to join the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] in June 2004.<ref name="Oscars">{{cite news |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2004/04.06.28.html |title=Academy Invites 127 to Membership |date=June 28, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111195816/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2004/04.06.28.html |archive-date=January 11, 2008 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref> In 2006, she appeared on ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} [[Celebrity 100]] list and again in 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blakeley |first1=Kiri |last2=Goldman |first2=Lea |title=The Celebrity 100 |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/06/12/06celebrities_money-power-celebrities-list_land.html |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=June 16, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729115112/https://www.forbes.com/2006/06/12/06celebrities_money-power-celebrities-list_land.html |archive-date=July 29, 2017 }} {{cite news |last1=Robehmed |first1=Natalie |title=Why There Are So Few Women on the Global Celebrity 100 List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/06/29/why-there-are-so-few-women-on-the-global-celebrity-100-list/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=June 29, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007172340/https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/06/29/why-there-are-so-few-women-on-the-global-celebrity-100-list/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017 }} {{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Ashley |title=Beyonce, LeBron James, Dr. Dre Top Forbes' Celebrity 100 List |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/forbes-celebrity-100-list-2014-715695 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 30, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301144245/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/forbes-celebrity-100-list-2014-715695 |archive-date=March 1, 2017 }} {{cite magazine |title=The World's Highest-Paid Celebrities |url=https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/2/#tab:overall |access-date=October 18, 2018 |magazine=[[Forbes]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825012437/https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/list/3/#tab:overall |archive-date=August 25, 2018}} {{cite web |title=Chris Hemsworth Beats Robert Downey Jr, Scarlett Johansson in Forbes' Top 100 Celebrity List |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/chris-hemsworth-beats-robert-downey-jr-scarlett-johansson-in-forbes-celebrity-100-list-2227985.html |publisher=[[News18]] |access-date=July 19, 2019 |date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713142255/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/chris-hemsworth-beats-robert-downey-jr-scarlett-johansson-in-forbes-celebrity-100-list-2227985.html |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> She received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in May 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson gets Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-17934778/scarlett-johansson-receives-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=October 11, 2017 |date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232729/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-17934778/scarlett-johansson-receives-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame |archive-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref> In 2021 and 2025, she appeared on the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]], ''Time''{{'}}s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.<ref name="q825">{{cite magazine | last=Evans | first=Chris | title=Scarlett Johansson: The 100 Most Influential People of 2025 | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=April 16, 2025 | url=https://time.com/collections/100-most-influential-people-2025/7273823/scarlett-johansson/ | access-date=May 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sachdeva |first1=Maanya |title=Britney Spears, Scarlett Johansson and Jason Sudeikis among Time 100 most influential |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/time-100-most-influential-celebrities-b1921324.html |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=November 13, 2021|date=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113222135/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/time-100-most-influential-celebrities-b1921324.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Johansson was included on ''Forbes''{{'}} annual list of the world's highest-paid actresses from 2014 to 2016, with respective earnings of $17 million, $35.5 million, and $25 million.<ref name="ghost2017">{{cite news |last1=Robehmed |first1=Natalie |title=Scarlett Johansson |page=9 |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45efgmh/3-scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171803/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45efgmh/3-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pomerantz |first1=Dorothy |title=Scarlett Johansson |page=7 |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhif/scarlett-johansson-2/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007173239/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhif/scarlett-johansson-2/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}} {{cite news |last1=Robehmed |first1=Natalie |title=Scarlett Johansson |page=3 |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45eddhj/2-scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Forbes]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171546/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45eddhj/2-scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> She would later top the list in 2018 and 2019, with earnings of $40.5 million and $56 million, respectively.<ref>{{cite news|last=Robehmed|first=Natalie|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2018/08/16/the-worlds-highest-paid-actresses-2018-scarlett-johansson-steals-the-spotlight-with-40-5-million/?sh=3b2b2cf53667|title=The World's Highest-Paid Actresses 2018: Scarlett Johansson Steals The Spotlight With $40.5 Million|work=Forbes|date=August 16, 2018|access-date=August 16, 2018|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107110201/https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2018/08/16/the-worlds-highest-paid-actresses-2018-scarlett-johansson-steals-the-spotlight-with-40-5-million/?sh=3b2b2cf53667|url-status=live}} {{cite news|last=Berg|first=Madeline|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/23/highest-paid-actresses-scarlett-johansson/?sh=5ee7884b4b4d|title=The Highest-Paid Actresses 2019: Scarlett Johansson Leads With $56 Million|work=Forbes|date=August 23, 2019|access-date=August 23, 2019|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107131755/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/23/highest-paid-actresses-scarlett-johansson/?sh=5ee7884b4b4d|url-status=live}}</ref> She was the highest-grossing actor of 2016, with a total of $1.2{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{cite news |author=Robehmed, Natalie |date=December 27, 2016 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2016/12/27/scarlett-johansson-is-the-top-grossing-actor-of-2016/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Is The Top-Grossing Actor of 2016 |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917215038/https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2016/12/27/scarlett-johansson-is-the-top-grossing-actor-of-2016/ |archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> [[IndieWire]] credited her for taking on risky roles, such as in ''Her'' and ''Under the Skin'', instead of simply appearing in blockbuster after blockbuster.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharf |first1=Zack |title=Scarlett Johansson Makes History, Is Highest Grossing Actress Ever |url=https://indiewire.com/2016/06/scarlett-johansson-highest-grossing-actress-ever-1201701339/ |publisher=IndieWire |access-date=October 8, 2017 |date=June 30, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128183158/http://www.indiewire.com/2016/06/scarlett-johansson-highest-grossing-actress-ever-1201701339/ |archive-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2026|01}}, her films have grossed over {{US$|5.6|long=no}} billion in North America and over {{US$|15.4|long=no}} billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box-office leading actor of all time domestically and the second highest-grossing actor worldwide, behind [[Zoe Saldaña]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm |title=People Index |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=August 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529100444/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/?view=Actor&sort=sumgross&p=.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="m690">{{cite web | title=Top 100 Stars in Leading Roles at the Worldwide Box Office | website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] | url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-acting/top-grossing-leading-stars | access-date=April 8, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=January 13, 2026 |title=Zoe Saldaña Becomes Highest-Grossing Actor of All Time with 'Avatar: Fire and Ash' |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/news/zoe-saldana-highest-grossing-actor-of-all-time-avatar-3-1236619322/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=January 13, 2026}}</ref> [[Madame Tussauds New York]] museum unveiled a wax statue of her in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.madametussauds.com/new-york/en/whats-inside/a-list-party/scarlett-johansson/ |title=Scarlett Johansson |publisher=[[Madame Tussauds New York]] |access-date=October 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144955/https://www.madametussauds.com/new-york/en/whats-inside/a-list-party/scarlett-johansson/ |archive-date=October 28, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson has appeared in advertising campaigns for [[Calvin Klein (fashion house)|Calvin Klein]], [[Dolce & Gabbana]], [[L'Oréal]], and [[Louis Vuitton]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Scarlett L'Oreal |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/01/04/the-scarlett-loreal |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=January 4, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090835/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/01/04/the-scarlett-loreal |archive-date=May 18, 2015}} {{cite news |last1=Niven |first1=Lisa |title=Dolce & Gabbana's Hollywood Love Story |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/dolce-and-gabbana-the-one-scarlett-johansson-matthew-mcconaughey |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=November 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054441/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/dolce-and-gabbana-the-one-scarlett-johansson-matthew-mcconaughey|archive-date=October 10, 2017|url-status=live}} {{cite web |title=Louis Vuitton Turns Scarlett |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/12/14/louis-vuitton-turns-scarlett |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |access-date=April 28, 2015 |date=December 14, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216224107/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/12/14/louis-vuitton-turns-scarlett |archive-date=February 16, 2016}}</ref> and has represented the Spanish brand [[Mango (retailer)|Mango]] since 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bumpus |first1=Jessica |title=Turning Scarlett |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/scarlett-johansson-for-mango |access-date=October 20, 2017 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=May 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004607/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/scarlett-johansson-for-mango |archive-date=October 21, 2017}}</ref> She was the first Hollywood celebrity to represent a champagne producer, appearing in advertisements for [[Moët & Chandon]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leach |first1=Ben |title=Scarlett Johansson pictured as new face of Moet & Chandon |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/5093299/Scarlett-Johansson-pictured-as-new-face-of-Moet-and-Chandon.html |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=April 2, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727123022/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/5093299/Scarlett-Johansson-pictured-as-new-face-of-Moet-and-Chandon.html |archive-date=July 27, 2012}}</ref> In January 2014, the Israeli company [[SodaStream]], which makes home-carbonation products, hired Johansson as its first global brand ambassador, a relationship that commenced with a television commercial during [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] on February 2, 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/business/1.568108 |title=Israeli firm SodaStream hires Scarlett Johansson as its new face |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=January 12, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112194611/http://www.haaretz.com/business/1.568108 |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> This created some controversy, as SodaStream at that time operated a plant in Israeli-occupied territory in the [[West Bank]].<ref name=Sky.com>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1200393/scarlett-johansson-criticised-over-sodastream |title=Scarlett Johansson Criticised Over SodaStream |date=January 24, 2014 |publisher=[[Sky plc]] |access-date=February 2, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204041033/http://news.sky.com/story/1200393/scarlett-johansson-criticised-over-sodastream |archive-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> In May 2024, Johansson criticized [[OpenAI]] for releasing [[GPT-4o|a chatbot]] with a voice that resembled her own, after she declined to formally work with the company to provide her voice for the app.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 21, 2024 |title=Scarlett Johansson's Statement About Her Interactions With Sam Altman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/20/technology/scarlett-johansson-openai-statement.html |access-date=May 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528163840/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/20/technology/scarlett-johansson-openai-statement.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
=== Relationships and marriages ===
[[File:Scarlett Johansson & Colin Jost Cannes 2023.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Johansson and [[Colin Jost]] at the [[2023 Cannes Film Festival]]]]

While attending the Professional Children's School, Johansson dated classmate [[Jack Antonoff]] from 2001 to 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16135 |title=Alex Morris, "Scarlett's Ex Carries a Torch Song" |last=Morris |first=Alex |date=March 6, 2006 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=March 30, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928223608/http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16135/ |archive-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref> She dated her ''Black Dahlia'' co-star [[Josh Hartnett]] for about two years until the end of 2006. According to Hartnett, they broke up because their busy schedules kept them apart.<ref name="hartnettsplit">{{cite news |url=http://people.com/movies/inside-scarlett-johansson-ups-and-downs-in-love/ |title=Inside Scarlett Johansson's Ups and Downs in Love |first=Ale |last=Russian |date=January 25, 2017 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030544/http://people.com/movies/inside-scarlett-johansson-ups-and-downs-in-love/ |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> Johansson began dating Canadian actor [[Ryan Reynolds]] in April 2007.<ref name="rreynold">{{cite news |url=https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-step-out-in-nyc/ |title=Scarlett Johansson & Ryan Reynolds Step Out in NYC |last=Messer |first=Lesley |date=April 7, 2007 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=September 19, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507052402/https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-step-out-in-nyc/ |archive-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name="instyle">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Isabel |date=April 18, 2023 |title=TBT: Ryan Reynolds Didn't Want to Get Married Again After His Divorce from Scarlett Johansson |url=https://www.instyle.com/news/tbt-ryan-reynolds-scarlett-johansson-relationship |access-date=August 26, 2024 |website=[[InStyle]] |archive-date=August 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826003818/https://www.instyle.com/news/tbt-ryan-reynolds-scarlett-johansson-relationship |url-status=live }}</ref> They became engaged in May 2008<ref>{{cite news |url=https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-engaged/ |title=Scarlett Johansson & Ryan Reynolds Engaged! |last=Chiu |first=Alexis |date=May 5, 2008 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=October 11, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509171804/https://people.com/celebrity/scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-engaged/ |archive-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> and married in September 2008 in a wilderness retreat on [[Vancouver Island]].<ref name="instyle" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson, Ryan Reynolds purchase $2.8 million LA home |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-purchase-28-million-la-home-1422936 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=August 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171711/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-scarlett-johansson-ryan-reynolds-purchase-28-million-la-home-1422936 |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> They separated in December 2010 and divorced in July 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bailey |first1=Alyssa |title=This Is How Blake Lively Won Ryan Reynolds' Heart |url=http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a36958/ryan-reynolds-blake-lively-crush-2011-interview/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |date=June 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008000005/http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a36958/ryan-reynolds-blake-lively-crush-2011-interview/ |archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> In a 2019 interview with [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|''Vanity Fair'']], Johansson reflected on the marriage. "I mean, the first time I got married I was 23 years old. I didn't really have an understanding of marriage. Maybe I kind of romanticized it, I think, in a way."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Chris |date=November 26, 2019 |title=Best-Actress Contender Scarlett Johansson on Movies, Marriages, and Controversies |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/11/scarlett-johansson-oscars-issue-cover-story |access-date=August 26, 2024 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |archive-date=August 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826003815/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/11/scarlett-johansson-oscars-issue-cover-story |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2012, Johansson began dating Frenchman Romain Dauriac, the owner of an advertising agency.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/things-scarlett-johanssons-fiance-romain-dauriac/story?id=20164656 |title=5 Things to Know About Scarlett Johansson's Fiance |author1=Luchina Fisher |date=September 5, 2013 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=June 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606210439/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/things-scarlett-johanssons-fiance-romain-dauriac/story?id=20164656 |archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eonline.com/photos/9710/scarlett-johansson-romain-dauriac-romance-rewind/310369 |title=Scarlett Johansson & Romain Dauriac: Romance Rewind |publisher=E! News |access-date=June 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606230347/http://www.eonline.com/photos/9710/scarlett-johansson-romain-dauriac-romance-rewind/310369 |archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref> They became engaged the following September.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/05/showbiz/scarlett-johansson-engaged/ |title=Actress Scarlett Johansson is engaged |date=September 5, 2013 |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911221635/http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/05/showbiz/scarlett-johansson-engaged/ |archive-date=September 11, 2017}}</ref> The pair divided their time between New York City and Paris.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Scarlett Johannson/John Grant |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-s8KY7fDX4 |series=[[Late Show with David Letterman]] |network=[[CBS]] |quote=I decided to take the plunge and move to Paris and it's great, I love it |airdate=January 8, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514001807/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-s8KY7fDX4 |archive-date=May 14, 2014}}</ref> She gave birth to their daughter, Rose, in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Toomey |first1=Alyssa |title=Scarlett Johansson Welcomes a Baby Girl! |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/566521/scarlett-johansson-gives-birth-actress-welcomes-baby-girl-with-fiance-romain-dauriac-find-out-her-name |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=October 7, 2017 |date=September 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407064913/http://www.eonline.com/news/566521/scarlett-johansson-gives-birth-actress-welcomes-baby-girl-with-fiance-romain-dauriac-find-out-her-name |archive-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> Johansson and Dauriac married that October in [[Philipsburg, Montana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-scarlett-johansson-married-romain-dauriac-20141201-story.html |title=Scarlett Johansson is married! Hush-hush wedding happened in Montana |last=Saud |first=Nardine |date=December 1, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=February 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215173922/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-scarlett-johansson-married-romain-dauriac-20141201-story.html |archive-date=February 15, 2015}}</ref> They separated in mid-2016.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Loinaz |first=Alexis L. |date=January 25, 2017 |title=Scarlett Johansson Steps Out Following News of Split from Husband Romain Dauriac |url=http://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-steps-out-following-news-of-split-from-husband-romain-dauriac/ |url-status=live |journal=[[People (magazine)|People]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831220433/http://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-steps-out-following-news-of-split-from-husband-romain-dauriac/ |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |access-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref> In March 2017, Johansson filed for divorce, saying their marriage was "irretrievably broken," despite Dauriac urging her to withdraw the action.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brunker |first=Alicia |date=June 29, 2023 |title=TBT: Scarlett Johansson and Romain Dauriac Once Got Into a Fight While Watching 'Shark Tank' |url=https://www.instyle.com/tbt-scarlett-johansson-romain-dauriac-relationship-7555117 |access-date=August 26, 2024 |website=[[InStyle]] |archive-date=September 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930011738/https://www.instyle.com/tbt-scarlett-johansson-romain-dauriac-relationship-7555117 |url-status=live }}</ref> She never did, and the divorce was finalized in September 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2017/09/13/scarlett-johansson-single-again-divorce-finalized/663656001/ |title=Scarlett Johansson is single again as divorce is finalized |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=September 13, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=September 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914161539/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2017/09/13/scarlett-johansson-single-again-divorce-finalized/663656001/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson began dating ''Saturday Night Live'' co-head writer and ''[[Weekend Update]]'' co-host [[Colin Jost]] in May 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-red-carpet-photos_us_5a21787be4b0a02abe90d1ee |title=Introducing ScarJost: Scarlett Johansson And Colin Jost Go Public |last=Sieczkowski |first=Cavan |date=December 1, 2017 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517210100/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-red-carpet-photos_us_5a21787be4b0a02abe90d1ee|archive-date=May 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, the two were engaged.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-engaged/ |title=Scarlett Johansson and SNL's Colin Jost Are Engaged After Two Years of Dating |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Karen |last=Mizoguchil |date=May 19, 2019 |access-date=May 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520081855/https://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-engaged/ |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> They married in October 2020 at their New York home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-marry-private-ceremony-snl-black-widow-b1432035.html|title=Scarlett Johansson and Colin Jost wed in private ceremony|date=October 29, 2020|first=Clémence|last=Michallon|work=The Independent|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031201501/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-wedding-married-ceremony-snl-black-widow-b1432246.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She gave birth to their son in August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|last1=VanHoose|first1=Benjamin|last2=Leonard|first2=Elizabeth|url=https://people.com/parents/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-welcome-first-baby-together/|title=Scarlett Johansson and Husband Colin Jost Welcome First Baby Together|work=People|date=August 18, 2021|access-date=August 18, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818211717/https://people.com/parents/scarlett-johansson-colin-jost-welcome-first-baby-together/|archive-date=August 18, 2021}}</ref> Johansson resides in New York and Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=David|first=Mark|title=Scarlett Johansson Snaps Up Secluded Home in New York State Celebrity Enclave|url=https://variety.com/2018/dirt/real-estalker/scarlett-johansson-snedens-landing-1202977564/|date=October 11, 2018|access-date=December 7, 2020|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=October 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012032420/https://variety.com/2018/dirt/real-estalker/scarlett-johansson-snedens-landing-1202977564/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== In the media ===
In September 2011, nude photographs of Johansson hacked from her cell phone were leaked online. She said the pictures had been sent to her husband, Ryan Reynolds, three years prior to the incident.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/christopher-chaney-so-called-hollywood-hacker-gets-10-years-for-posting-celebrities-personal-photos-online/ |title=Christopher Chaney, so-called Hollywood hacker, gets 10 years for posting celebrities' personal photos online |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=December 18, 2012 |access-date=October 11, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026073448/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/christopher-chaney-so-called-hollywood-hacker-gets-10-years-for-posting-celebrities-personal-photos-online/ |archive-date=October 26, 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Johansson won a lawsuit against French publisher [[JC Lattès]] over libelous statements about her relationships in the novel ''The First Thing We Look At'' by [[Grégoire Delacourt]]. She was awarded $3,400; she had sued for $68,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-scarlett-johansson-wins-case-against-bestselling-french-novelist-20140707-story.html |title=Scarlett Johansson wins case against bestselling French novelist |first=Carolyn |last=Kellogg |date=July 7, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010210430/http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-scarlett-johansson-wins-case-against-bestselling-french-novelist-20140707-story.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson has criticized the media for promoting an image that causes unhealthy diets and eating disorders among women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiner |first1=Jess |title=Body Peace Award: Scarlett Johansson |url=http://www.seventeen.com/health/advice/a6549/scarlett-johansson/ |access-date=October 7, 2017 |work=[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]] |date=January 12, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075927/http://www.seventeen.com/health/advice/a6549/scarlett-johansson/|archive-date=October 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In an essay she wrote for ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', she encouraged people to maintain a healthy body.<ref>{{cite news |last=Johansson |first=Scarlett |title=The Skinny |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-skinny_b_186233 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |work=The Huffington Post |date=July 21, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726001528/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-skinny_b_186233 |archive-date=July 26, 2017}}</ref> She posed nude for the March 2006 cover of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' alongside actress [[Keira Knightley]] and fully clothed fashion designer [[Tom Ford]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Table of Contents, March 2006 |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/toc/contents-200603 |access-date=November 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128025813/http://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/toc/contents-200603 |archive-date=November 28, 2010}}</ref> The photograph sparked controversy as some believed it demonstrated that women are forced to flaunt their sexuality more often than men.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Dockterman |first1=Eliana |title=Keira Knightley Posed Topless to Show How She Looks Without Photoshop |url=https://time.com/3559286/keira-knightley-topless-photoshop/ |access-date=October 28, 2017 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=November 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313131738/http://time.com/3559286/keira-knightley-topless-photoshop/ |archive-date=March 13, 2017}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
Johansson has supported various charitable organizations including [[Aid Still Required]], [[Cancer Research UK]], [[Stand Up To Cancer]], Too Many Women (which works against breast cancer), and [[USA Harvest]], which provides food for people in need.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aidstillrequired.org/programs/awareness-campaigns/ |title=Awareness Campaigns |publisher=[[Aid Still Required]] |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618223911/http://www.aidstillrequired.org/programs/awareness-campaigns/ |archive-date=June 18, 2017 }} {{Cite press release |url=https://standuptocancer.org/press/channel-4-cancer-research-uk-to-launch-stand-up-to-cancer-in-the-uk/ |title=Channel 4 & Cancer Research UK To Launch 'Stand Up To Cancer' In The UK |date=August 23, 2012 |publisher=[[Stand Up To Cancer]] |access-date=July 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723210831/https://standuptocancer.org/press/channel-4-cancer-research-uk-to-launch-stand-up-to-cancer-in-the-uk/ |archive-date=July 23, 2019 |url-status=live }} {{cite news |last1=Milligan |first1=Lauren |title=Too Many Women |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/too-many-women-charity-gwyneth-sienna-scarlett |access-date=October 12, 2017 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=May 26, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013950/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/too-many-women-charity-gwyneth-sienna-scarlett |archive-date=October 13, 2017 }} {{cite web |title=Scarlett Johansson helps feed the hungry |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna41877811 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |access-date=October 11, 2017|date=April 14, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012045414/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41877811/ns/us_news-giving/t/scarlett-johansson-helps-feed-hungry/ |archive-date=October 12, 2017 }}</ref> In 2005, Johansson became a global ambassador for the aid and development agency [[Oxfam]].<ref name="Oxfam">{{cite news |url=http://www.oxfam.org/en/news/ambassadors/scarlett_johansson |title=Scarlett Johansson, Oxfam Ambassador |archive-date=October 12, 2007 |publisher=[[Oxfam]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012115042/http://oxfam.org/en/news/ambassadors/scarlett_johansson |date=July 2007 |access-date=February 12, 2008}}</ref> In 2007, she took part in the anti-[[poverty]] campaign [[ONE Campaign|ONE]], which was organized by [[U2]]'s lead singer [[Bono]].<ref name="localfav" /> In March 2008, a UK-based bidder paid £20,000 on an eBay auction to benefit Oxfam, winning a hair and makeup treatment, a pair of tickets, and a chauffeured trip to accompany her on a 20-minute date to the world premiere of ''He's Just Not That into You''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7295871.stm |title=Fan pays £20,000 to date Scarlett |date=March 14, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2009 |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103011945/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7295871.stm |archive-date=January 3, 2009}}</ref>

In January 2014, Johansson resigned from her Oxfam position after criticism of her promotion of [[SodaStream]], whose main factory was based in [[Mishor Adumim]], an [[Israeli settlement]] in the West Bank; Oxfam opposes all trade with such Israeli settlements.<ref name="Sky.com" /><ref name="NewYorkTimes">{{cite web |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/scarlett-johanssons-sodastream-endorsement-deal-conflicts-with-charity-work-aid-group-says |title=Scarlett Johansson's SodaStream Endorsement Deal Conflicts With Charity Work, Aid Group Says |first=Robert |last=Mackey |date=January 23, 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125232511/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/23/scarlett-johanssons-sodastream-endorsement-deal-conflicts-with-charity-work-aid-group-says/ |archive-date=January 25, 2014}}</ref> Oxfam stated that it was thankful for her contributions in raising funds to fight poverty.<ref name="oxfam">{{cite press release |url=http://oxf.am/wdo |title=Oxfam accepts resignation of Scarlett Johansson |publisher=Oxfam |date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=January 30, 2014 |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517235134/https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/oxfam-accepts-resignation-scarlett-johansson |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="blogs.telegraph.co.uk">{{Cite news |author1=O'Neil, Brendan |url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100257423/three-cheers-for-scarlett-johanssons-stand-against-the-ugly-illiberal-boycott-israel-movement/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303230945/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100257423/three-cheers-for-scarlett-johanssons-stand-against-the-ugly-illiberal-boycott-israel-movement/ |archive-date=March 3, 2014 |title=Three cheers for Scarlett Johansson's stand against the ugly, illiberal Boycott Israel movement |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=January 30, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Together with her ''Avengers'' costars, Johansson raised $500,000 for the victims of [[Hurricane Maria]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Orange |first1=B. Alan |title=Marvel All-Stars Raise $500,000 for Puerto Rico Hurricane Relief |url=https://movieweb.com/marvel-cast-scarlett-johansson-our-town-puerto-rico-relief/ |publisher=[[MovieWeb]] |access-date=February 24, 2018 |date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225064827/https://movieweb.com/marvel-cast-scarlett-johansson-our-town-puerto-rico-relief/|archive-date=February 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, she collaborated with 300 women in Hollywood to set up the [[Time's Up (organization)|Time's Up]] initiative to protect women from harassment and discrimination.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zimmerman |first1=Amy |title='Time's Up on Silence': How Hollywood Women Are Fighting Back in 2018 |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/times-up-on-silence-how-hollywood-women-are-fighting-back-in-2018 |access-date=March 3, 2018 |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=January 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110084540/https://www.thedailybeast.com/times-up-on-silence-how-hollywood-women-are-fighting-back-in-2018|archive-date=January 10, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson took part in the [[2018 Women's March|Women's March]] in Los Angeles in January 2018, where she spoke on topics such as abuses of power, sharing her own experience. She received backlash for calling out fellow actor [[James Franco]] on allegations of sexual misconduct as in the past she had defended working with Woody Allen amid an accusation by his daughter [[Dylan Farrow]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/scarlett-johansson-under-fire-for-attacking-james-franco-at-womens-march-after-defending-woody-allen|title=Scarlett Johansson under fire for attacking James Franco at Women's March after defending Woody Allen|work=Fox News|date=January 21, 2018|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110235112/https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/scarlett-johansson-under-fire-for-attacking-james-franco-at-womens-march-after-defending-woody-allen|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/scarlett-johansson-cops-a-backlash-over-woody-allen-comments/news-story/ffd26f7b0f70a275aa8f20f07e52220f|title=Scarlett Johansson cops a backlash over Woody Allen comments |first=Ben |last=Graham |work=News.com.au|date=January 23, 2018|access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309005051/https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/scarlett-johansson-cops-a-backlash-over-woody-allen-comments/news-story/ffd26f7b0f70a275aa8f20f07e52220f|url-status=live}}</ref>

Johansson has given support to Operation Warrior Wellness, a division of the David Lynch Foundation that helps veterans learn Transcendental Meditation. Her grand-uncle, Phillip Schlamberg, was the last American pilot to have been killed during WWII. He had gone on a bombing mission with Jerry Yellin, who went on to become co-founder of Operation Warrior Wellness.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Oster |first1=Marcy |url=https://www.jta.org/2017/12/26/united-states/jerry-yellin-who-flew-the-last-combat-mission-of-world-war-ii-dies-at-93|title=Jerry Yellin, who flew the last combat mission of World War II, dies at 93|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=December 26, 2017|access-date=August 19, 2021|archive-date=August 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819191907/https://www.jta.org/2017/12/26/united-states/jerry-yellin-who-flew-the-last-combat-mission-of-world-war-ii-dies-at-93|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Political views ===
[[File:Scarlett Johansson at Women's March on Washington (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Johansson at the [[2017 Women's March]]]]

Johansson was registered as an [[Independent (voter)|independent]], at least through 2008,<ref name="T-IND">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1577733/Scarlett-Johansson-supports-Barack-Obama.html |title=Scarlett Johansson supports Barack Obama |last=Elsworth |first=Catherine |date=February 5, 2008 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=May 9, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507231600/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1577733/Scarlett-Johansson-supports-Barack-Obama.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009}}</ref> and campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic candidate]] [[John Kerry]] in the [[2004 United States presidential election]].<ref name="localfav" /> When [[George W. Bush]] was re-elected in 2004, she said she was disappointed.<ref name="cmusic2">{{cite news |title=Johansson: Americans disappointed by Bush's re-election |publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]] |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/johansson%20americans%20disappointed%20by%20bushs%20re-election |date=August 23, 2005 |access-date=July 18, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421221952/http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/johansson%20americans%20disappointed%20by%20bushs%20re-election |archive-date=April 21, 2006}}</ref>

In January 2008, her campaign for Democratic candidate [[Barack Obama]] included appearances in [[Iowa]] targeted at younger voters,<ref name="DTKJ">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/impact-of-student-voters-questioned/ |title=Impact of Student Voters Questioned |last=Johnson |first=Katelyn |date=January 15, 2008 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=May 9, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121194245/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/15/politics/uwire/main3718699.shtml |archive-date=November 21, 2010}}</ref> an appearance at [[Cornell College]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Actress Scarlett Johansson appears |url=http://webapps.cornellcollege.edu/events/2008/01/02/1319/ |publisher=[[Cornell College]] |access-date=March 31, 2014 |date=January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717222140/http://webapps.cornellcollege.edu/events/2008/01/02/1319/ |archive-date=July 17, 2015}}</ref> and a speaking engagement at [[Carleton College]] in [[Northfield, Minnesota]], on [[Super Tuesday, 2008]].<ref name="MIND">{{cite web |url=http://minnesotaindependent.com/3082/scarlett-johansson-sprinkles-a-little-stardust-at-carleton |title=Scarlett Johansson sprinkles a little stardust at Carleton |last=Fecke |first=Jeff |date=February 5, 2008 |work=[[The Minnesota Independent]] |access-date=July 20, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714152502/http://minnesotaindependent.com/3082/scarlett-johansson-sprinkles-a-little-stardust-at-carleton |archive-date=July 14, 2010}}</ref> Johansson appeared in the music video for rapper [[will.i.am]]'s song, "[[Yes We Can (will.i.am song)|Yes We Can]]" (2008), directed by [[Jesse Dylan]]; the song was inspired by Obama's speech after the [[New Hampshire primary, 2008|2008 New Hampshire primary]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN0519585420080207 |title=Musicians rock for Barack on Super Tuesday |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 5, 2008 |access-date=July 25, 2009 |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920055135/https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN0519585420080207 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2012, Johansson and [[Anna Wintour]] hosted a fashion launch of clothing and accessories, whose proceeds went to the Obama's re-election campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boyle |first1=Katherine |title=Fashion industry gains political clout as it backs Obama's reelection effort |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/links-to-obama-campaign-show-fashion-industrys-political-clout-is-growing/2012/06/07/gJQAJjd8LV_story.html |access-date=April 25, 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 7, 2012 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809001257/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/links-to-obama-campaign-show-fashion-industrys-political-clout-is-growing/2012/06/07/gJQAJjd8LV_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She addressed voters at the [[2012 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in September 2012, calling for Obama's re-election and for more engagement from young voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/09/johansson-urges-dnc-to-vote-080868 |title=Scarlett Johansson DNC speech (text, video) |agency=[[Politico]] |date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906004540/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0912/80868.html |archive-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> She encouraged women to vote for Obama and condemned [[Mitt Romney]] for his opposition to [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Spillius, Alex |title=US election: Scarlett Johansson urges women to vote for Barack Obama |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-election/9612344/US-election-Scarlett-Johansson-urges-women-to-vote-for-Barack-Obama.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=October 16, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111095022/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-election/9612344/US-election-Scarlett-Johansson-urges-women-to-vote-for-Barack-Obama.html |archive-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref>

Johansson publicly endorsed and supported [[Manhattan Borough President]] [[Scott Stringer]]'s 2013 run for New York City Comptroller by hosting a series of fundraisers.<ref>{{cite web |author=Colvin, Jill |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/20120313/manhattan/scarlett-johansson-host-another-fundraiser-for-scott-stringer |title=Scarlett Johansson to Host Another Fundraiser for Scott Stringer |work=[[DNAinfo]] |date=March 13, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418000031/http://www.dnainfo.com/20120313/manhattan/scarlett-johansson-host-another-fundraiser-for-scott-stringer |archive-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> To encourage people to vote in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], in which Johansson endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2016/10/11/scarlett-johansson-supports-hillary-clinton-voting-candidate-president/ |title=Scarlett Johansson Voting For Hillary Clinton: She Has Stamina, Integrity & Is Very Clever |first=Taylor |last=Weatherby |work=Hollywood Life |date=October 11, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923162547/https://hollywoodlife.com/2016/10/11/scarlett-johansson-supports-hillary-clinton-voting-candidate-president/|archive-date=September 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> she appeared in a commercial alongside her Marvel Cinematic Universe co-star [[Robert Downey Jr.]], and [[Joss Whedon]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scarlett Johansson, Hollywood's 'collective wisdom,' Hillary Clinton support mocked in new ad |first=Douglas |last=Ernst |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/3/scarlett-johansson-hollywoods-collective-wisdom-hi/ |access-date=October 15, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Times]] |date=October 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016013758/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/3/scarlett-johansson-hollywoods-collective-wisdom-hi/ |archive-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, she spoke at the [[2017 Women's March|Women's March on Washington]], addressing [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump's presidency]] and stating that she would support the president if he works for women's rights and stops withdrawing federal funding for Planned Parenthood.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McNamara |first1=Mary |title=Women's marches live updates: Millions march in L.A. and around the world following Trump's inauguration |url=https://latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-womens-march-live-scarlett-johansson-to-donald-trump-i-1485026397-htmlstory.html |access-date=October 8, 2017 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420110844/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-womens-march-live-scarlett-johansson-to-donald-trump-i-1485026397-htmlstory.html |archive-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> During the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Democratic presidential primaries]], Johansson endorsed [[Elizabeth Warren]], calling her "thoughtful and progressive but realistic".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-supports-elizabeth-warren-2020-election/|title=Scarlett Johansson Supports Elizabeth Warren for President: She's 'Thoughtful and Progressive'|date=September 4, 2019|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|last=Fernandez|first=Alexis|access-date=January 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217194407/https://people.com/movies/scarlett-johansson-supports-elizabeth-warren-2020-election/|archive-date=February 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2020, three members of the [[Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights]], an Egyptian civil rights organization, were released from prison in [[Egypt]], after Johansson had described their detention circumstances and demanded the trio's release.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ahmed|last=Shawkat|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-civil-rights-scarlett-johansson-eipr-leaders-release-free-karim-ennarah/|title=Egypt frees civil rights leaders in "extremely odd" move, and many are thanking Scarlett Johansson|agency=[[CBS News]]|date=December 4, 2020|access-date=January 8, 2021|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128155840/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-civil-rights-scarlett-johansson-eipr-leaders-release-free-karim-ennarah/|url-status=live}}</ref> Johansson joined a call with other actors in support of [[Kamala Harris]] during the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2024/politics/news/robert-downey-jr-chris-evans-scarlett-johansson-avengers-endorse-kamala-harris-1236191714/|title=Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson and More Avengers Stars Assemble to Endorse Kamala Harris|magazine=Variety|first=William|last=Earl|date=October 31, 2024|access-date=December 22, 2024}}</ref>

== Acting credits and accolades ==
[[File:Goldene_Kamera_2012_-_Scarlett_Johansson_3_(cropped,_2).JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Johansson at the 2012 [[Goldene Kamera|Goldene Kamera Awards]]]]
{{See also|Scarlett Johansson on screen and stage|List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson}}

Johansson's films have grossed over $15.1 billion worldwide. Her top ten highest-grossing films include ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019), ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018), ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012), ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' (2015), ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' (2016), ''[[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (2016), ''[[Jurassic World Rebirth]]'' (2025), ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier]]'' (2014), ''[[Sing (2016 American film)|Sing]]'' (2016), ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.the-numbers.com/person/72460401-Scarlett-Johansson#tab=summary|title= Scarlett Johansson|website= The Numbers|accessdate= June 2, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://screenrant.com/scarlett-johanssons-highest-grossing-movies-box-office-mojo/|title= Scarlett Johansson's 10 Highest-Grossing Movies, Ranked According To Box Office Mojo|website= [[ScreenRant]]|date= May 10, 2020|accessdate= June 2, 2025}}</ref>

Over her career, Johansson has received various accolades including a [[BAFTA Award]] and a [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]], as well as nominations for two [[Academy Awards]], seven [[Critics' Choice Awards]], five [[Golden Globe Awards]], and three [[Screen Actors Guild Awards]]. Johansson has been recognized by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] for the following:
* [[92nd Academy Awards]] (2019): [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]], nomination, for ''[[Marriage Story]]''
* [[92nd Academy Awards]] (2019): [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], nomination, for ''[[Jojo Rabbit]]''
These recognitions make Johansson one of [[List of actors nominated for multiple Academy Awards in the same year|the dozen actors]] to have achieved two nominations at the Academy Awards in the same year. She is also one of [[List of actors nominated twice in the same category in the same year at the BAFTA Awards|the nine actors]] double-nominated in the same category in the same year at the [[British Academy Film Awards]], with her two nominations in the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] category for her work in the 2003 films ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'' and ''[[Girl with a Pearl Earring (film)|Girl with a Pearl Earring]]'', winning for the former.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://awards.bafta.org/award/2004/film |title = Film in 2004 |work = British Academy of Film and Television Arts |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113104/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2004/film |archive-date = November 13, 2017 |access-date = June 21, 2015 }}</ref> Her two BAFTA nominations that year also made her the first of the group not to have either performance recognized by the [[Academy Awards]], and she was also the first Best Actress winner since [[Maggie Smith]] in [[1988 in film|1988]] to not receive a nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|the corresponding Oscar]] that year.{{efn|Since Johansson, only [[Joanna Scanlan]] has achieved such feat, doing so for ''[[After Love (2020 film)|After Love]]'' at the [[75th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2022.}} ''Lost in Translation'' and ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'' also earned her simultaneous Best Actress nominations at the [[61st Golden Globe Awards]],{{efn|The former was nominated [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|in the musical or comedy category]] while the latter was nominated [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama|in the drama category]].}}<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Winners & Nominees 2004 |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120215/https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2004 |archive-date=January 19, 2018 |access-date=January 27, 2017 |work=Hollywood Foreign Press Association}}</ref> and in the two subsequent years she received nominations for her work in ''[[A Love Song for Bobby Long]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Winners & Nominees 2005 |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120436/https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2005 |archive-date=January 19, 2018 |work=Hollywood Foreign Press Association |accessdate=January 27, 2017}}</ref> (2004) and ''[[Match Point]]'' (2005).<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2006 |title = Winners & Nominees 2006 |work = Hollywood Foreign Press Association |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220095046/http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2006 |archive-date = December 20, 2016 |accessdate = January 27, 2017 }}</ref>

== See also ==

{{Portal|Biography|Film}}
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]
* [[List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year]]

{{Clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Chris |year=2007 |title=Scarlett Johansson: Portrait of a Rising Star |location=London |publisher=Carlton Books |edition=Hardcover |isbn=978-1-84442-399-6 |oclc=440517789}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Scarlett Johansson}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Tcmdb name}}
* {{IBDB name}}

{{Scarlett Johansson}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Scarlett Johansson|Awards for Scarlett Johansson]]
|list =
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role}}
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}
{{Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}
{{Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Fight}}
{{MTV Movie Award for Best Hero}}
{{New York Film Critics Online Award for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actress}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}
{{Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}
{{TonyAward PlayFeaturedActress}}
{{TFCA Award for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}
{{Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actress in a Feature Film}}
}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Johansson, Scarlett}}
[[Category:Scarlett Johansson| ]]
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[[Category:Tony Award winners]]

List of politicians from Bihar

2026-03-23T23:18:34Z

BrockVanhoose67: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Politicians From Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

This is a list of '''Politicians from Bihar''', [[India]]. It includes leaders from different political parties.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Name !! Image !! Association !! Constituency

| '''Positions/Offices/Roles'''
|-
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
|[[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]]
|First [[President of India]].
|-
|[[Shri Krishna Sinha]]
|[[File:Shri_Krishna_Singh_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Sheikhpura]]
|Member Constituent Assembly of India, Premier and
First [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]
Second Finance Minister of Bihar
|-
|[[Jagjivan Ram]]
|[[File:Jagjivan Ram stamp (cropped).jpg|left|frameless|200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]], [[Janata Party]]
|[[Sasaram]]
|Former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]
Former [[Minister of Defence (India)]]
|-
|[[Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra]]
|[[File:Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra portrait.gif| 200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]], [[Congress (O)]], [[Janata Party]]
|[[Begusarai|Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency]]
|Former [[Minister of External Affairs (India)]]
[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|-
| [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]]
|[[File:Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha,first Bihar Dy Chief Minister.jpg|200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Aurangabad
| [[Constituent Assembly of India]], Finance Minister Bihar, deputy chief ministers of Bihar
|-
|[[Jagdeo Prasad]]
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2001 - Colnect 160767 - Jagdeo Prasad.jpeg|left|frameless|200px]]
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party|Shoshit Samaj Da]]
[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|
|Former Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar
|-
|[[Lalit Narayan Mishra]]
|[[File:Lalit Narayan Mishra 1976 stamp of India.jpg|left|frameless|200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|Former [[Minister of Railways (India)]]
|-
|Rameshwar Sahu
|[[Rameshwar Sahu]]
|[[Indian National Congress]] & [[Samata Party]]
|[[Siwan, Bihar|Rosera]]
|Former Deputy Finance minister[[Chief Minister of Bihar|of India]]
|-
|[[Jagannath Mishra]]
|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|Former Chief Minister of Bihar (14th)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Former Bihar CM Jagannath Mishra to be cremated on Wednesday with full state honours |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/aug/19/former-bihar-cm-jagannath-mishra-to-be-cremated-on-wednesday-with-full-state-honours-2021205.html |access-date=2024-08-03 |newspaper=The New Indian Express | first=Rajesh Kumar | last=Thakur | date=19 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karpoori Thakur]]
|[[File:Karpoori Thakur 2016 stamp of India.jpg|left|frameless|200px]]
|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
[[Janata Party|Janta Party]]
|Tajpur
[[Samastipur district|Samastipur]]
|Former Chief Minister of Bihar (11th)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Aastha |date=2019-01-24 |title=Karpoori Thakur, the other Bihar CM who banned alcohol |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/karpoori-thakur-the-other-bihar-cm-who-banned-alcohol/182593/ |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
|[[File:B.R. Bhagat in a meeting (cropped).png|left|200px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency]]
|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|13th External Affairs Minister]] [[List of governors of Rajasthan|11th Governor of Rajasthan]] [[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|8th Governor of Himachal Pradesh]] [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|6th Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
|-
|Tariq Anwar
|
|[[Indian National Congress|India]]
[[Indian National Congress|National]]
[[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|[[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Katihar Lok]]
[[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Sabha]]
[[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Constituency]]
|[[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Minister of State of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries]]
|-
| [[Meira Kumar]] || [[File:Meira Kumar.jpg|200px]]||[[Indian National Congress]]||[[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)]]||Ex. Lok-Sabha Speaker<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3066 | title=Detailed Profile: Smt. Meira Kumar | publisher=India.gov.in | accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nitish Kumar]] |||[[File:The Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar meeting with the Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia to finalize Annual Plan 2007-08 of the State, in New Delhi on February 14, 2007 (Nitish Kumar) (cropped).jpg|200px]] ||[[Janata Dal (United)]] || [[Harnaut]]|| [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.forbes.com/2011/01/03/forbes-india-person-of-the-year-nitish-kumar.html | title=A Person of the Year: Nitish Kumar | magazine=Forbes Magazine | date=3 January 2011 | accessdate=3 May 2012 | author=Narayana Kumar, K.P.}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] ||[[File:Lalu Prasad Yadav addressing the EEC - 2006 (cropped).jpg|200px]] || [[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg|30px]] [[Janata Dal]] [[File:RJD Flag.svg|30px]] [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] || [[Saran district|Saran]] || [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Ex Chief Minister of Bihar]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050518/main1.htm | title=More charges framed against Lalu Yadav | newspaper=The Tribune | date=18 May 2005 | accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> (10 March 1990 – 3 March 1995) (4 April 1995 – 25 July 1997) [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ex Minister of Railways]] (2004–2009)
|-
|[[Gopal Jee Thakur]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5176 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=loksabha.nic.in}}</ref>||[[File:Gopal Jee Thakur.jpg|200px]]|| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party-BJP]]
|[[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]]
|Member Of Parliament
|-
| [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] || [[File:Ram Vilas Paswan addressing at the press conference on the conclusion of the Second Meeting of the Fertiliser Advisory Forum comprising delegates from States, Industry representatives.jpg|100px]] || [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]] [[Janata Party]] [[File:JanataDalUnitedFlag.PNG|30px]] [[Janata Dal (United)]] [[Lok Janshakti Party]] || || Former Union Railways Minister
|-
| [[Nand Kishore Yadav]] || || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party- BJP]] || [[Patna Sahib]]<ref>Myneta.info. (2017). Nand Kishor Yadav (Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)): Constituency - PATNA SAHIB (PATNA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:. [http://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=1393 online] [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017].</ref> || Minister Road Construction Department - Government of Bihar<ref>Gov.bih.nic.in. (2017). Bihar: Cabinet Ministers. [online] Available at: http://www.gov.bih.nic.in/Governance/Ministers.htm [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]</ref>
|-
| [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] || [[File:The Leader of Opposition, Bihar, Shri Sushil Kumar Modi in New Delhi on January 08 (cropped).jpg|100px]] || [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] ||[[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]] || 4th [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Bihar|Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar]]
[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|[[Onkarnath Baranwal]]
|{{Dash}}
|[[Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)]]
|Chakai
|
|-
| [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Outlook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52|accessdate=28 September 2011|date=2008-04-08| publisher=Outlook }}</ref> || [[File:Ravi Shankar Prasad At Office.jpg|100px]]|| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || [[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]] ||Former Union Cabinet Minister
|-
| [[Bhola Singh]] || {{dash}} || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Lok Sabha Members| work = Government of India| url = http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4475| accessdate = 8 March 2012 }}</ref> ||
|-
| [[Radha Mohan Singh]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=451 | title=Fifteenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile | publisher=Lok Sabha website | accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> ||[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Shri Radha Mohan Singh briefing the media on Project Chaman, in New Delhi on October 16, 2017.jpg|left|thumb|111x111px]]|| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || [[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purvi Champaran]] ||Former Union Cabinet Minister for Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
|-
| [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampdetail.php?mpcode=430 | title=Dr. Raghuvansh Prasad Singh | publisher=India.gov.in | accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> || [[File:Raghuvansh Prasad Singh.jpg|100px]] || [[Janata Party]] [[File:RJD Flag.svg|30px]] [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|| [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]] || [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Ex Minister of Rural Development]]
|-
| [[Shatrughan Sinha]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shatrughan-Sinha-finally-gets-his-due/articleshow/14679246.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224181008/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-07-01/india/27289811_1_shatrughan-sinha-union-cabinet-bjp|url-status=live|archive-date=24 December 2011|title=Shatrughan Sinha finally gets his due|access-date=2009-05-17|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 July 2002}}</ref> || [[File:Shatrughan Sinha 00451.JPG|100px]] || [[All India Trinamool Congress]] ||[[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]] Loksabha||Member of Parliament
|-
| [[Shivanand Tiwari]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2077 | title=Detailed Profile: Shri Shivanand Tiwari | publisher=India.gov.in | accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> || {{dash}}|| [[File:JanataDalUnitedFlag.PNG|30px]] [[Janata Dal (United)]] || ||
|-
| [[Shakeel Ahmad]] || [[File:Shri Shaqeel Ahmed in his office after taking over the charge as the Minister of State for Communications & Information Technology in New Delhi on May 24, 2004.jpg|100px]] ||[[Indian National Congress]] || || Spokesman for the [[All India Congress Committee]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-25/ranchi/31398223_1_jvm-p-jharkhand-vikas-morcha-prajatantrik-rajya-sabha-election | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724053513/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-25/ranchi/31398223_1_jvm-p-jharkhand-vikas-morcha-prajatantrik-rajya-sabha-election | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 July 2012 | title=Probe sought into Congress bid to buy JVM votes | date=25 April 2012 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
| Ashok Kumar<ref>{{cite news|newspaper = The Telegraph|title = Opp readies for fight |url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090626/jsp/nation/story_11158040.jsp|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090701002735/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090626/jsp/nation/story_11158040.jsp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 1 July 2009|date =26 June 2009|accessdate = 2009-06-26}}</ref> || {{dash}} ||[[Indian National Congress]] || || CLP leader in the BLA 2009
|-
| [[Gauri Shankar Pandey]] || [[File:Gauri Shanker Pandey.jpg|100px]] ||[[Indian National Congress]]|| [[West Champaran district|Bettiah]]|| Ex Minister of Transport, Industry, Forest
|-
| [[Krishna Kumar Mishra]] ||[[File:Krishna Kumar Mishra, Kehunia.png|100px]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|| [[West Champaran district|Chanpatia]]|| Ex Minister, Revenue & Land Reforms (Bihar)
|-
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|[[File:The Minister of State for Human Resource Development, Shri Upendra Kushwaha addressing at the inauguration of the “Summer Fiesta”, in New Delhi on May 22, 2018.JPG|110px]]
|[[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]
|[[Karakat Lok Sabha constituency|Karakat]]
|Ex member of Rajya Sabha
Chairperson of Rashtriya Lok Samata Party
≥
Ex Minister of State In Rural development GOVt. of INDIA Minister of state in HRD Govt. of India (at present)
|-
| [[Radhanandan Jha]]|| ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|Madhepur(Jhanjarpur)|
|Ex Speaker Bihar Vidhan Sabha
|-
|[[Abdul Bari Siddiqui]]
|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] ([[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]])
|Alinagar, [[Darbhanga]]
|Former [[Finance Minister of Bihar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://csd.bih.nic.in/Upload/Circulars/5812015.pdf |access-date=2023-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110518/http://csd.bih.nic.in/Upload/Circulars/5812015.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Giriraj Singh]]
|[[File:Giriraj Singh assuming charge as Minister of State (Independent Charge) in 2017.jpg|120x120px|Giriraj Singh|left|frameless]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|[[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai]]
|Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
|-
| [[Brahmanand Mandal]]<ref>{{Cite news |first=Kashi | last=Prasad|date=18 Apr 2002 |title=PM calls meeting over Munger bridge |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/pm-calls-meeting-over-munger-bridge/articleshow/7205537.cms |access-date=2022-05-01 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|
|[[Samata Party]]
|[[Munger]]
|Ex M.P.
|-
|[[Nityanand Rai]]
|[[File:Shri Nityanand Rai taking charge as the Minister of State for Home Affairs, in New Delhi on June 01, 2019.jpg|left|143x143px]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|[[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]
|Union Minister of State for Home Affairs
|-
| [[Tejashwi Yadav]]
| [[File:Tejaswi Yadav 2023.jpg|143x143px|left|frameless]]
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|[[Raghopur, Vaishali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
|Ex [[Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar]]
|-
|[[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]]
|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|[[Siwan Assembly constituency]]
|[[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[Deo Narayan Yadav]]
|
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|[[Babubarhi Assembly constituency]]
|[[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|12th Speaker of the Bihar Legislarive Assembly]]
|-
|[[Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav]]
|[[File:RLSY Potrait.jpg|left|150x150px]]
|[[Janata Dal]][[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg|30px]]
|[[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency]]
|[[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]
|-
|[[Syed Shahnawaz Hussain]]
|[[File:Syed Shahnawaz Hussain (cropped).jpg|140x140px]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[Kishanganj]]
|Former Minister of Industries, Govt of Bihar
Former [[Minister of Textiles (India)]]
Former [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)]]
|-
|[[Satyadeo Prasad Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/satyadeo-prasad-singh |title=Satyadeo Prasad Singh |website=prsindia.org |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/Nov/24/two-bihar-mlas-make-shocking-allegation-of-cops-planning-to-kill-them-1710192.html |title=Two Bihar MLAs make shocking allegation of cops planning to kill them |website=newindianexpress.com |date=2017-11-24 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref>
| [[File:SPSingh.jpg|100px|]]
|[[Janata Dal United]]
|[[Goriakothi]]
|Former Member [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-

|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{portal|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Politicians from Bihar}}
[[Category:Politicians from Bihar| ]]
[[Category:Bihar-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Bihar]]

Paramasivan

2026-03-22T02:30:44Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Paramasivan.JPG
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[P. Vasu]]
| producer = S. Ramesh Babu
| writer = P. Vasu
| starring = [[Ajith Kumar]] [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] [[Prakash Raj]] [[Jayaram]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[Sekhar V. Joseph]]
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = Kanagarathna Movies Samrat Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2006|01|14|df=yes}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Paramasivan''''' is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by [[P. Vasu]] and produced by S. Ramesh Babu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=12 January 2006 |title=Adding spice to festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/adding-spice-to-festival/article3216775.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128005919/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/adding-spice-to-festival/article3216775.ece |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Ajith Kumar]] in the main lead role alongside [[Laila (actress)|Laila]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Prakash Raj]] and [[Jayaram]]. It was released on 14 January 2006.

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=February 2026}}
Subramaniyam Siva is in jail, awaiting the death sentence for killing corrupt and evil members of the police force who had killed his father SI Ganapathy and sister. SP "Nethiadi" Nandakumar is an honest, fearless police officer who has been given the mission to flush out the terrorist outfit behind the Coimbatore blasts. He decides to employ unconventional methods to fulfill his mission. He Siva to assist him, renaming him Paramasivan, changing his appearance (cutting his [[Dreadlocks|Jaṭā hair]]), and giving him a single-point agenda: trace out and erase the people responsible for the Coimbatore blasts. Unaware to Paramasivan, Nandakumar intends to kill him after the mission is completed.

The fly in the ointment is CBI officer Nair, who is out to trace Paramasivan and stop his unlawful activities. His assistant SI Agniputran provides lighter moments. How Paramasivan finishes the villains and his job forms the rest of the story. Paramasivan learns of Nandakumar's plan to kill him after the mission during the last few scenes, where Nair intervenes. Eventually, Paramasivan is forgiven and starts a new life with his lover Malar.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Ajith Kumar]] as Subramaniya Siva (Paramasivan)
* [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] as Malar
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as SI Agniputran
* [[Prakash Raj]] as [[Superintendent of Police|SP]] "Nethiadi" Nandhakumar
* [[Jayaram]] as CBI officer V. Ayyappan Nair
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Vetrivel, police
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as DGP Rajasekar
* Naveen as Farlow the terrorist
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Swamy Kathirvedhi
* [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as SI Ganapathy, Paramasivan's father
* [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] as Paramasivan's mother
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Malar's father
* [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]] as Malar's stepmother
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha|KPAC Lalitha]] as Malar's grandmother
* [[Shivaram]] as Malar's grandfather
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Police Inspector
* [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] as Police officer Sathya
* [[R. S. Shivaji]] as Police officer
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy]] as Police Officer
* [[Bonda Mani]] as Police officer
* [[Cell Murugan]] as Sandeep Munusamy
* [[Theni Kunjarammal]] as Grandmother of dead grandson
* [[Cool Suresh]] as Witness
* [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as Witness
* Kumaresan as Police officer
* [[Ragasya]] in an item number song Aasai Dosai
}}

==Production==
After the success of ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' (2005), director [[P. Vasu]] wanted to direct an action film, and cast [[Ajith Kumar]] as the lead actor. The film was titled ''Paramasivan'', in reference to one of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]'s names. Vasu explained, "Everyone knows that Lord Shiva destroys evil when he opens his [[third eye]] [...] Similarly, my hero also reacts to evil by symbolically opening his third eye". Ajith shed around {{Convert|15|kg|g}} to get into shape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=11 January 2006 |title=P Vasu: Ready for Paramasivan |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jan/11vasu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113032912/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jan/11vasu.htm |archive-date=13 January 2006 |access-date=18 October 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] was cast as the lead actress, reuniting with Ajith after ''[[Dheena]]'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sreekumaran |first=P. |date=26 January 2006 |title=Laila is back in Kollywood with a bang |url=http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/downsouth/tamil/20050906-0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126110858/http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/downsouth/tamil/20050906-0.html |archive-date=26 November 2005 |access-date=18 October 2012 |website=ApunKaChoice.Com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==

The music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paramasivam |url=https://theavdigital.in/products/paramasivam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209093410/https://theavdigital.in/products/paramasivam |archive-date=9 February 2026 |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=AVDigital |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
|-
! Song title !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Oru Kili" || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]] || [[Yugabharathi]]
|-
| "Aasai Dosai" || Priya Subramani || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Kannan" || Kalyani Menon, Lakshmi Rangarajan, [[Saindhavi]] || Kirithaya
|-
| "Natchathira Paravaikku" || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], Rajalakshmi || [[Vairamuthu]]
|-
| "Thangakkili" || Madhu Balakrishnan, [[Gopika Poornima]], Srivarthini || Kirithaya
|-
| "Undivila" || [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Malathy Lakshman]] || [[P. Vijay]]
|-
| "Paramasivane" || Shankar Mahadevan, Chandran, [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Tippu, Jemon, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]] || Vairamuthu
|-
| "Theme" || Instrumental
| -
|}

==Release and reception==
''Paramasivan'' was released on 14 January 2006 during the week of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], clashing with ''[[Aathi]]'' and ''[[Saravana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2006 |title=Chennai Box-Office (Jan14-16) |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/chennai-box-office-jan14-16-news-tamil-kkfvvkhfidesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510154603/https://www.sify.com/movies/chennai-box-office-jan14-16-news-tamil-kkfvvkhfidesi.html |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Ajith's appearance but panned the climax bike fight and characterisations of Jayaram, Laila and terrorists and concluded saying slim Ajith would have got another ''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'' if he had chosen a new story with a slightly new background.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=29 January 2006 |title=பரமசிவன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-01-29/page/n1/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240305151801/https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-01-29/page/n1/mode/2up |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=5 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=1 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> G. Ulaganathan of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "Paramasivan has all the ingredients in proper mix---action, pathos, sentiment, comedy, stunts, romance, etc. It should satisfy Ajith's fans".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulaganathan |first=G. |date=15 January 2006 |title=Paramasivan |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan152006/movies1718222006114.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902020342/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan152006/movies1718222006114.asp |archive-date=2 September 2006 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' praised Ajith's performance and Vasu's writing, as well as the action choreography, but criticised Vidyasagar's music and felt Laila was wasted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=26 January 2006 |title=Paramasivan |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/01paramasivan.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207051334/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/01paramasivan.asp |archive-date=7 February 2007 |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{P. Vasu}}

[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2006 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Vasu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)

2026-03-13T23:14:12Z

BrockVanhoose67: fix information to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{short description|India's highest peacetime military decoration}}
{{about|the military decoration|the symbol|Ashoka Chakra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Ashoka Chakra
| image = [[File:Ashoka-chakra.png|120px]] [[Image:Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|150px]]
| caption = Ashoka Chakra and its ribbon
| presenter = [[Government of India]]
| country = India
| type = [[Medal]]
| eligibility = {{bullet list|Officers of [[Indian Armed Forces]], [[Indian Territorial Army|territorial army]], militia and any other lawfully constituted forces|Members of nursing services of the armed forces|Civilians and members of [[Police in India|police]] including [[Central Armed Police Forces|central para-military forces]] and [[Railway Protection Force]]}}
| awarded_for = Most conspicuous bravery, or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice
| campaign =
| status = active
| description = India's highest peacetime military decoration
| motto =
| clasps =
| post-nominals = AC
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1952}}
| firstawarded = 1952
| lastawarded = 2026
| total_awarded_posthumously = 68
| total_recipients = 87
| precedence_label =
| individual =
| higher = [[File:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Bharat Ratna]]
| same = [[File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Param Vir Chakra]]{{efn|Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the [[Param Vir Chakra]] in the precedence, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent of Param Vir Chakra.}}
| lower = [[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| related =
}}

The '''Ashoka Chakra''' ({{lit|[[Ashoka Chakra|Wheel of Ashoka]]}}) is India's highest peacetime [[military decoration]]. It is the peacetime equivalent of the [[Param Vir Chakra]] and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice". The decoration may be awarded either to military personnel or civilians by the [[Government of India]].

The circular medal consists of [[Ashoka Chakra]] surrounded by a [[Indian lotus|lotus]] wreath on the front. The obverse consists of "Ashoka Chakra" written in [[Devanagari]] along the upper edge on the medal and in [[English language|English]] along the lower rim. It is suspended by a straight bar suspender from a green ribbon with a central saffron stripe.

{{As of|2026}}, there have been 87 recipients of the award. Of these, 68 have been posthumous recipients, and 17 have been civilians. [[Havildar]] [[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]] of the [[Indian Army]] was the first recipient of the award, in 1952. [[D. K. Jatar]], a pilot of [[Air India]]'s [[Kashmir Princess]] was the first civilian recipient of the award, in 1955. Only two women have ever been awarded the Ashok Chakra, [[flight attendant]] [[Neerja Bhanot]] in 1987 and [[police constable]] [[Kamlesh Kumari]] in 2001. Two non-Indians, [[cosmonaut]]s [[Gennadi Strekalov]] and [[Yuri Malyshev (cosmonaut)|Yuri Malyshev]] were given the award in 1984. [[Indian Air Force]] officer [[Shubhanshu Shukla]], decorated in 2026, is the most recent awardee.<ref>{{cite press release |date=25 January 2026 |title=77th Republic Day: President approves Gallantry awards to 70 Armed Forces personnel, including six posthumous, also clears military decorations to 301 personnel |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2218540&reg=3&lang=1 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== Description ==
The medal was originally established on 4 January 1952 as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class I" by the [[President of India]] deemed to have been in effect from 15 August 1947.<ref name="Gallantry">{{cite web|title=Ashok Chakra|url=http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|work=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]|access-date=5 September 2016|page=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035719/http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was the highest class of the three gallantry awards established at the time.<ref name="Award">{{cite web|title=Gallantry Awards|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/about|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=5 September 2016|page=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035719/http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In January 1967, the award was renamed as Ashok Chakra with the other two classes renamed as [[Kirti Chakra]] and [[Shaurya Chakra]] respectively.<ref name="Gallantry"/><ref name="Award"/> The awards are given out twice a year– during the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] and [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]].<ref name="Award"/> Though the Ashok Chakra is placed below the [[Param Vir Chakra]] in the order of precedence,<ref name="Award"/> it is considered to be the peace time equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra.<ref name="Gallantry"/> The award includes a medal, and a monthly stipend of {{INRconvert|2800}}.<ref name="Gallantry"/><ref name="IAF">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://indianairforce.nic.in/ashoka-chakra/|title=Ashoka Chakra|work=[[Indian Air Force]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

== Eligibility ==
The Ashok Chakra can be awarded to all enlisted officers of the [[Indian Armed Forces]] including the [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Airforce]], and [[Indian Navy]], the [[Indian Territorial Army]], reserve personnel, and any other legally constituted armed force. Nursing members of the armed forces are also eligible for the award. [[Police in India|Police personnel]] including the [[Central Armed Police Forces]], and the [[Railway Protection Force]] are also eligible for the award. The award can also be given to any civilian at the discretion of the [[Government of India]].<ref name="Gallantry"/><ref name="IAF"/> It is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice" during times other than war.<ref name="Gallantry"/><ref name="IAF"/>

== Design ==
The medal is circular with a diameter of {{cvt|1.375|in}}. It has prominent rims and is made of [[gold]] [[gilding]]. On the front side, it has a replica of the [[Ashok Chakra]] surrounded by a wreath of [[sacred lotus]]. In the reverse, the words "Ashok Chakra" are embossed in [[Devanagri]] on the top and [[English language|English]] towards the bottom edge. These are separated by a lotus flowers on either side. The medal is suspended by a straight bar suspender from a green ribbon with a central saffron stripe. If a recipient receives subsequent such awards, more bars are added to the ribbon by which the medal is suspended.<ref name="IAF"/>

== Recipients ==
{{As of|2026}}, the medal has been awarded to 87 awardees, of which 68 were to posthumous recipients.<ref name="List">{{cite web|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/awards|title=Awardees|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Havildar]] [[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]] of the [[Indian Army]] was the first recipient of the award for his part in the [[Operation Polo]] in 1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bachittar-singh-first-ashoka-chakra-awardee-8938420/|title=Bachittar Singh: the soldier who won India’s first Ashoka Chakra for action on Sept 13, 1948|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Flight lieutenant]] [[Suhas Biswas]] was the first member of the [[Indian Air Force]] to be commemorated with the award in 1953.<ref name="BR">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/iaf/awards/peace/ashoka-chakra/|title=Ashok Chakra|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Flight captain]] [[D. K. Jatar]], who was the pilot of the bombed [[Air India]] [[Kashmir Princess|flight 300]], was the first civilian recipient of the award in 1955.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1955-air-india-international-flight-crash-failed-assassination-attempt-on-chinese-premier-revealed-by-declassified-diplomatic-records-airindia-kashmirprincess-1955crash-101681495959341.html|title=Air India plane crashes in botched assassination bid|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Only two women have ever been awarded the Ashok Chakra, flight attendant [[Neerja Bhanot]] in 1987 and police constable [[Kamlesh Kumari]] in 2001 for their actions during the hijack of [[Pan Am Flight 73]] and [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/top-stories/inspiration/the-women-awardees-of-ashok-chakra-in-india-republic-day-2022/|title=Women Awardees Of Ashok Chakra In India|work=She the people|date=26 January 2022|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

Two non-Indians, [[cosmonauts]] [[Gennadi Strekalov]] and [[Yury Malyshev (cosmonaut)|Yuri Malyshev]] were given the award in 1984 for their [[Soyuz T-11]] mission which also carried [[Rakesh Sharma]], the first Indian to space.<ref name="BR"/> [[Paratrooper]] [[Sanjog Chhetri]] was the youngest awardee at 20 years of age, when he was killed in the counter terrorism operations in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/1098|title=Sanjog Chhetri|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.mynewsne.com/sikkim-youth-achieves-top-rank-in-national-defence-academy-examination/|title=Sikkim Youth Achieves Top Rank in National Defence Academy Examination|date=13 April 2025|access-date=15 April 2025|work=North East News}}</ref> [[Colonel]] [[Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair]] was the only recipient of both the Ashok Chakra and [[Kirti Chakra]], the two highest peacetime honours.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/1088|title=Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
|-
| align=center style="background-color:lightblue" |†
| Indicates posthumous honour
|-
| align=center style="background-color:pink" | ^
| Indicates non-Indian recipient
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 90%"
|+ Ashok Chakra recipients<ref name="List"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Ashoka Chakra Recipients|author=Rashmi Aggarwal|year=2021|publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LjjDAAAQBAJ|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Recipient
! Rank{{efn|name=Rank|Refers to the rank held by the recipient at the time of award. }}
! Entity
! Action{{efn|name=Action|Refers to the conflict or event for which the Ashoka Chakra was awarded.}}
|-
| 1952
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]]†
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Polo]]
|-
| 1952
| [[Narbahadur Thapa]]
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Polo]]
|-
| 1953
| [[Suhas Biswas]]
| [[Flight Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Air Force]]
| Stricken flight landing
|-
| 1955
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[D. K. Jatar]]†
| [[Flight Captain]]
| [[Air India]]
| [[Kashmir Princess|Kashmir Princess bombing]]
|-
| 1956
| [[Sundar Singh (soldier)|Sundar Singh]]
| [[Lance Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir conflict]]
|-
| 1957
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Jagannath Raoji Chitnis]]†
| [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1957
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Joginder Singh (soldier)|Joginder Singh]]†
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1957
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Pollur Mutthuswamy Raman]]†
| [[Second Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1958
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Eric James Tucker]]†
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1962
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Khadka Bahadur Limbu†
| [[Subedar Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1962
| [[Man Bahadur Rai]]
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1965
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Chaman Lal†
|
| [[Firefighter]]
| Train fire
|-
| 1965
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Lajja Ram†
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1965
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Purshottam†
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1965
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Tej Singh†
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1967
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Shankar Lal Shrivastava†
| [[Head Constable]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh Police]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1968
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Takhat Singh†
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1968
| Dhanpat Singh
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1968
| Govind Singh
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1968
| Hukum Singh
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1968
| Lakhan Singh
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1969
| [[Jas Ram Singh]]
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Mizo insurgency]]
|-
| 1971
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Baij Nath Singh]]†
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1972
| [[Bhure Lal]]
| [[Constable]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh Police]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1972
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Ummed Singh Mahra]]†
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Nagaland insurgency]]
|-
| 1974
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Gurnam Singh (soldier)|Gurnam Singh]]†
| [[Naib Subedar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Mine explosion]]
|-
| 1974
| Munni Lal
|
| [[Civilian]]
| Dacoit attack
|-
| 1981
| [[Cyrus Addie Pithawalla]]
| [[Second Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Manipur insurgency]]
|-
| 1984
|style="background-color:pink" | [[Gennadi Strekalov]]^
| [[Flight Engineer]]
| [[Roscosmos]]
| [[Soyuz T-11]]
|-
| 1984
| style="background-color:pink" |[[Yury Malyshev (cosmonaut)|Yury Malyshev]]^
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Soviet Air Forces]]
| [[Soyuz T-11]]
|-
| 1985
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Bhawani Datt Joshi†
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Blue Star]]
|-
| 1985
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Bhukant Mishra]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Blue Star]]
|-
| 1985
| [[Chhering Mutup]]
| [[Havildar|Lance Havildar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Siachen conflict]]
|-
| 1985
| [[Jasbir Singh Raina]]
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Blue Star]]
|-
| 1985
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Nirbhay Singh Sisodiya]]†
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Blue Star]]
|-
| 1985
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Ram Prakash Roperia]]†
| [[Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Operation Blue Star]]
|-
| 1985
| [[Rakesh Sharma]]
| [[Wing Commander]]
| [[Indian Air Force]]
| [[Soyuz T-11]]
|-
| 1986
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Vijay Jagirdar]]†
|
| [[Civilian]]
| [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
|-
| 1987
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Neerja Bhanot]]†
|
| [[Pan Am]]
| [[Pan Am Flight 73]] hijack
|-
| 1991
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Randhir Prasad Verma]]†
| [[Superintendent of Police]]
| [[Bihar Police]]
| [[Bank robbery]]
|-
| 1992
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Sandeep Sankhla]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1993
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Rakesh Singh Malhan]]†
| [[Second Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1994
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair]]†
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1995
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Harsh Uday Singh Gaur]]†
| [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1995
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Rajiv Kumar Joon]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1995
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Sujjan Singh Yadav]]†
| [[Subedar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1996
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Arun Singh Jasrotia]]†
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1997
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Puneet Nath Datt]]†
| [[Second Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 1997
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Shanti Swaroop Rana]]†
| [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2000
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Sudhir Kumar Walia]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2001
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Jagdish Prasad Yadav†
|
| [[Rajya Sabha]] secretariat
| [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]
|-
| 2001
| style="background-color:lightblue" |Matbar Singh Negi†
|
| [[Rajya Sabha]] secretariat
| [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]
|-
| 2001
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Kamlesh Kumari Yadav]]†
| [[Constable]]
| [[Central Reserve Police Force]]
| [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]
|-
| 2002
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Surinder Singh (soldier)|Surinder Singh]]†
| [[Subedar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2002
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Rambeer Singh Tomar]]†
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2003
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Suresh Chand Yadav]]†
| [[Subedar Major]]
| [[National Security Guard]]
| [[Akshardham Temple attack]]
|-
| 2004
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Sanjog Chhetri]]†
| [[Paratrooper]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2004
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Triveni Singh]]†
| [[Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2007
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Chuni Lal]]†
| [[Naib Subedar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2007
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Radhakrishnan Nair Harshan]]†
| [[Captain]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2007
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Vasanth Venugopal]]†
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2008
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Dinesh Raghu Raman]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2009
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Ashok Kamte]]†
| [[Additional Commissioner of Police|Additional Commissioner]]
| [[Maharashtra Police]]
| [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|-
| 2009
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Bahadur Singh Bohra]]†
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Gajender Singh Bisht]]†
| [[Havildar]]
| [[National Security Guard]]
| [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Hemant Karkare]]†
| [[Joint Commissioner of Police|Joint Commissioner]]
| [[Maharashtra Police]]
| [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Jojan Thomas]]†
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Mohan Chand Sharma]]†
| [[Inspector of Police|Inspector]]
| [[Delhi Police]]
| [[Batla House encounter]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Pramod Kumar Satapathy]]†
| [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|Assistant Commandant of Police]]
| [[Odisha Police]]
| [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[R. P. Diengdoh]]†
| [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|Deputy Superintendent]]
| [[Meghalaya Police]]
| [[Insurgency in Meghalaya|Meghalaya Insurgency]]
|-
| 2009
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Sandeep Unnikrishnan]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[National Security Guard]]
| [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|-
| 2009
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Tukaram Omble]]†
| [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Assistant Sub-Inspector]]
| [[Maharashtra Police]]
| [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|-
| 2009
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Vijay Salaskar]]†
| [[Inspector of Police|Inspector]]
| [[Maharashtra Police]]
| [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|-
| 2010
| [[D. Sreeram Kumar]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Manipur insurgency]]
|-
| 2010
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Mohit Sharma (soldier)|Mohit Sharma]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2010
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Rajesh Kumar (soldier)|Rajesh Kumar]]†
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2011
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Laishram Jyotin Singh]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[February 2010 Kabul attack]]
|-
| 2012
|style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Navdeep Singh (Ashok Chakra)|Navdeep Singh]]†
| [[Lieutenant]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2014
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Mukund Varadarajan]]†
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2014
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Neeraj Kumar Singh]]†
| [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2014
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[K. Prasad Babu]]†
| [[Sub-Inspector]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh Police]]
| [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
|-
| 2016
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Mohan Nath Goswami]]†
| [[Lance Naik]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2017
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Hangpan Dada]]†
| [[Havildar]]
| [[Indian Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2018
| style="background-color:lightblue" |[[Jyoti Prakash Nirala]]†
| [[Corporal]]
| [[Indian Air Force]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2019
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Nazir Ahmad Wani]]†
| [[Lance Naik]]
| [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2021
|style="background-color:lightblue" | [[Babu Ram]]†
| [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Assistant Sub-Inspector]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Police]]
| [[Kashmir insurgency]]
|-
| 2026
| [[Shubhanshu Shukla]]
| [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]]
| [[Indian Air Force]]
| [[Axiom Mission 4]]
|}

=== Summary ===

{|class="plainrowheaders"
|+
! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |
{{Bar graph
| title = Award recipients by year
| float = right
| bar_width = 22
| width_units = em
| data_max = 30
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Number of recipients
| label1 = 1952–1959
| data1 = 09
| label2 = 1960–1969
| data2 = 13
| label3 = 1970–1979
| data3 = 05
| label4 = 1980–1989
| data4 = 12
| label5 = 1990–1999
| data5 = 10
| label6 = 2000–2009
| data6 = 24
| label7 = 2010–2019
| data7 = 12
| label8 = 2020–2029
| data8 = 02
}}
! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top"|
{{Bar graph
| title = Award recipients by service
| float = right
| bar_width = 22
| width_units = em
| data_max = 55
| label_type = Field
| data_type = Number of recipients
| label1 = Indian Army
| data1 = 52
| label2 = Indian Air Force
| data2 = 04
| label4 = Civilians
| data4 = 17
| label5 = Police
| data5 = 12
| label6 = Non-Indians
| data6 = 02
}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of highest military decorations by country]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|first1=B.C. |last1=Chakravorty|title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners|year=1995|publisher=Allied Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8-17023-516-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/Peace/305-AC.html Ashoka Chakra awardees of the Indian Air Force]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220035320/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/awards/peace/305-ac.html |date=20 December 2019 }}

{{Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces}}
{{Ashoka Chakra award recipients}}
{{Highest gallantry awards}}

[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Military awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|*]]
[[Category:Memorials to Ashoka]]
[[Category:Ashoka Chakra]]
[[Category:Courage awards]]

List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha

2026-03-11T04:07:38Z

BrockVanhoose67: add formatting also and fixed typos

{{Short description|Members of Lok Sabha (1989-91)}}
{{Other uses|Member of Parliament (India)}}
{{disputed|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
This is a '''list of members of the 9th Lok Sabha''' arranged by [[States and territories of India|state or territory]] represented. These members of the [[Lok Sabha|lower house of the Indian Parliament]] were elected to the [[9th Lok Sabha]] (1989 to 1991) at the [[1989 Indian general election]].<ref>Lok Sabha. ''[http://loksabha.nic.in/Members/lokprev.aspx Member, Since 1952]''</ref>

== Andhra Pradesh (42) ==
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (39) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFF31|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#009F3C|[[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]
|[[Kanithi Viswanatham]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Parvathipuram Lok Sabha constituency|Parvathipuram]] (ST)
|[[Satrucharla Vijaya Rama Raju]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Bobbili Lok Sabha constituency|Bobbili]]
|[[Kemburi Ramamohan Rao]]
|{{full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Uma Gajapathi Raju]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Bhadrachalam Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadrachalam]] (ST)
|[[Kamala Kumari Karredula]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Anakapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalli]]
|[[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency|Kakinada]]
|[[M. M. Pallam Raju]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
| [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Amalapuram]] (SC)
|[[Kusuma Murthy]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapuram]]
|[[Bhupathiraju Vijayakumar Raju]]
|{{full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
|Krishana
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machilipatnam]]
|Sambasivarao Kavuri
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency|Vijayawada]]
|Chennupati Vidya
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Tenali Lok Sabha constituency|Tenali]]
|Basavapannayya Singam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
|[[N. G. Ranga]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency|Bapatla]]
|Salagala Benjamin
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]]
|Kasu Venkata Krishna Reddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency|Ongole]]
|Rajamohana Reddy Mekapati
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency|Nellore]] (SC)
|Putchalapalli Penchalaiah
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency|Tirupati]] (SC)
|Chinta Mohan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor]]
|Gnanendra Reddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampet]]
|Annaiahgari Sai Prathap
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency|Cuddapah]]
|[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
|S. Gangadhara
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]
|Anantha Venkata Reddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]]
|[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!27
|[[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]
|Bojja Venkata Reddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!28
|[[Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Nagarkurnool]] (SC)
|Anatha Ramulu Mullu
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!29
|[[Mahabubnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Mahabubnagar]]
|Mallikarjun
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!30
|[[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hyderabad]]
|[[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
|{{full party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!31
|[[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Secunderabad]]
|T. Manemma
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!32
|[[Siddipet Lok Sabha constituency|Siddipet]] (SC)
|Yellaiah Nandi
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!33
|[[Medak Lok Sabha constituency|Medak]]
|M. Bagareddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!34
|[[Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency|Nizamabad]]
|Taduri Bala Goud
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!35
|[[Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency|Adilabad]]
|P. Narasa Reddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!36
|[[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Peddapalli]] (SC)
|[[G. Venkat Swamy]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!37
|[[Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Karimnagar]]
|Chokka Rao Juvvadi
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!38
|[[Hanamkonda Lok Sabha constituency|Hanamkonda]]
|Kamaluddin Ahmed
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!39
|[[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency|Warangal]]
|Surender Reddy Ramasahayam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!40
|[[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]
|[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!41
|[[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalgonda]]
|Chalilam Srinivasa Rao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!42
|[[Miryalguda Lok Sabha constituency|Miryalaguda]]
|B. N. Reddy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

==Arunachal Pradesh==
'''Keys:'''

{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal West]]
|[[Prem Khandu Thungon]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal East]]
|[[Laeta Umbrey]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Bihar ==
{{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (32)
{{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (8)
{{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (4)
{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (4)
{{Color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}|border=darkgray}} [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (3)
{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] (1)
{{Color box|{{party color|Marxist Co-ordination Committee}}|border=darkgray}} [[Marxist Co-ordination Committee|MCC]] (1)
{{Color box|{{party color|Indian People's Front}}|border=darkgray}} [[Indian People's Front|IPF]] (1)

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Bagaha Lok Sabha constituency|Bagaha]] (SC)
|[[Mahendra Baitha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Bettiah Lok Sabha constituency|Bettiah]]
|[[Dharmesh Prasad Varma]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Purvi Champaran Lok Sabha constituency|Motihari]]
|[[Radha Mohan Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Gopalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Gopalganj]]
|[[Raj Mangal Mishra]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Siwan Lok Sabha constituency|Siwan]]
|[[Janardan Tiwari]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|6
|rowspan="2"|[[Maharajganj, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj]]
|[[Chandra Shekhar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|[[Ram Bahadur Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Saran Lok Sabha constituency|Chapra]]
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Hajipur Lok Sabha constituency|Hajipur]] (SC)
|[[Ram Vilas Paswan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Labour (6 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
* Minister of Welfare (6 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
|-
!9
|[[Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency|Vaishali]]
|[[Usha Sinha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]]
|[[George Fernandes]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Railways (6 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
* Minister of Kashmir Affairs (13 March 1990 – 30 May 1990)
|-
!11
|[[Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sitamarhi]]
|[[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Textiles (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!12
|[[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]]
|[[Hari Kishore Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs (23 April 1990 – 10 November 1990)
|-
!13
|[[Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency|Madhubani]]
|[[Bhogendra Jha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jhanjharpur]]
|[[Devendra Prasad Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]]
|[[Shakeelur Rehman]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Health and Family Welfare (21 November 1990 – 20 February 1991)
|-
!16
|[[Rosera Lok Sabha constituency|Rosera]] (SC)
|[[Dasai Chowdhary]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Minister in Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!17
|[[Samastipur Lok Sabha constituency|Samastipur]]
|[[Manjay Lal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Barh Lok Sabha constituency|Barh]]
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture (Agriculture and Cooperation) (23 April 1990 – 10 November 1990)
|-
!19
|[[Balia, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Balia]]
|[[Surya Narayan Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Saharsa Lok Sabha constituency|Saharsa]]
|[[Surya Narayan Yadav (Indian politician)|Surya Narayan Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]]
|[[Ramendra Kumar Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Araria Lok Sabha constituency|Araria]] (SC)
|[[Sukdeo Paswan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Kishanganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kishanganj]]
|[[M. J. Akbar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnea]]
|[[Mohammed Taslimuddin]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Katihar]]
|Yuvarj
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Rajmahal Lok Sabha constituency|Rajmahal]] (ST)
|[[Simon Marandi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!27
|[[Dumka Lok Sabha constituency|Dumka]] (ST)
|[[Shibu Soren]]
|{{full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!28
|[[Godda Lok Sabha constituency|Godda]]
|[[Janardan Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!29
|[[Banka Lok Sabha constituency|Banka]]
|Pratap Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!30
|[[Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bhagalpur]]
|[[Chunchun Prasad Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!31
|[[Khagaria Lok Sabha constituency|Khagaria]]
|[[Ram Sharan Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!32
|[[Munger Lok Sabha constituency|Monghyr]]
|[[Dhanraj Singh (politician)|Dhanraj Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!33
|[[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai]]
|[[Lalit Vijay Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State for Defence (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!34
|[[Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalanda]]
|[[Ram Swaroop Prasad]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!35
|[[Patna Lok Sabha constituency|Patna]]
|[[Shailendra Nath Shrivastava]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!36
|[[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]
|[[Rameshwar Prasad (politician, born 1947)|Rameshwar Prasad]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian People's Front|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!37
|[[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]]
|[[Tej Narayan Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!38
|[[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram]] (SC)
|[[Chhedi Paswan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!39
|[[Bikramganj Lok Sabha constituency|Bikramganj]]
|[[Ram Prasad Kushwaha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!40
|[[Aurangabad, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]]
|[[Ram Naresh Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!41
|[[Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Jahanabad]]
|[[Ramashray Prasad Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!42
|[[Nawada Lok Sabha constituency|Nawada]] (SC)
|[[Prem Pradeep]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!43
|[[Gaya Lok Sabha constituency|Gaya]] (SC)
|[[Ishwar Singh (politician, born 1926)|Inswar Chaudhary]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!44
|[[Chatra Lok Sabha constituency|Chatra]]
|[[Upendra Nath Verma]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture (Rural Development) (23 April 1990 – 10 November 1990)
|-
!45
|[[Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency|Koderma]]
|[[Rati Lal Prasad Verma]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!46
|[[Giridih Lok Sabha constituency|Giridih]]
|[[Ramdas Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!47
|[[Dhanbad Lok Sabha constituency|Dhanbad]]
|[[A. K. Roy]]
|{{full party name with colour|Marxist Co-ordination Committee|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!48
|[[Hazaribagh Lok Sabha constituency|Hazaribagh]]
|[[Yadunath Pandey]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!49
|[[Ranchi Lok Sabha constituency|Ranchi]]
|[[Subodh Kant Sahay]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs (23 April 1990 – 5 November 1990)
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!50
|[[Jamshedpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jamshedpur]]
|[[Shailendra Mahato]]
|{{full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!51
|[[Singhbhum Lok Sabha constituency|Singhbhum]] (ST)
|Bagua Samburi
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!52
|[[Khunti Lok Sabha constituency|Khunti]] (ST)
|[[Kariya Munda]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!53
|[[Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency|Lohardaga]] (ST)
|[[Sumati Oraon]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!54
|[[Palamu Lok Sabha constituency|Palamau]] (SC)
|[[Jorawar Ram]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Goa (2)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency|Panaji]]
|Gopal Mayokar
|{{full party name with colour|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[South Goa Lok Sabha constituency|Mormugao]]
|Eduardo Marthinho Faleiro
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Gujarat (26)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Kutch Lok Sabha constituency|Kutch]]
|Babu Bhai Meghji Shah
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Surendranagar Lok Sabha constituency|Surendranagar]]
|[[Somabhai Gandalal Koli Patel]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]
|Koradiya Chandresh Kumar Valjibhai (Chandresh Patel)
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Rajkot Lok Sabha constituency|Rajkot]]
|Vekaria Shivlal Nagibhai
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Porbandar Lok Sabha constituency|Porbandar]]
|Manvar Balvantbhai Bachubhai
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Junagadh Lok Sabha constituency|Junagadh]]
|Shekhada Govindhhal Kanjibhai
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Amreli Lok Sabha constituency|Amreli]]
|Manubhai Kotadiya
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Water Resources (6 December 1989 – 5 November 1990)
* Minister of Water Resources (21 November 1990 – 25 April 1991)
* Ministry of Surface Transport (21 November 1990 – 25 April 1991)
|-
!8
|[[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhavnagar]]
|Jamod Shashikant Mavjibhai
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Dhandhuka Lok Sabha constituency|Dhandhuka]] (SC)
|Ratilal Kalidas Verma
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Ahmedabad Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad]]
|Harin Pathak
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gandhinagar]]
|Veghela Shankarji Laxmanji
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Mehsana Lok Sabha constituency|Mehsana]]
|A. K. Patel
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Patan Lok Sabha constituency|Patan]] (SC)
|Chawada Khem Chandbhai Somabhai
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Banaskantha Lok Sabha constituency|Banaskantha]]
|Shah Jayantilal Virchandbhai
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State for Agriculture and Co-operation (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!15
|[[Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency|Sabarkantha]]
|Maganbhai Manibhai Patel
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Kheda Lok Sabha constituency|Kapadvanj]]
|Gabhaji Mangaji Thakor
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Dahod Lok Sabha constituency|Dohad]] (ST)
|Somaibahai Damor
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Godhra Lok Sabha constituency|Godhra]]
|Patel Shantila Purushottamdas
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Kheda Lok Sabha constituency|Kaira]]
|Chauhan Prabhatsinh Hathisinh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Anand Lok Sabha constituency|Anand]]
|Patel Nathubhai Manibhai
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Chhota Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST)
|Rahawa Naranbhai Jamalbhai
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency|Baroda]]
|Koko alias Prakash Kanubhai Brahmbhatt
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Bharuch Lok Sabha constituency|Broach]]
|Deshmukh Chandubhai Shambhai
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]
|Kashiram Rana
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Mandvi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandvi]] (ST)
|Ghamit Chhitubhai Devibhai
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Valsad Lok Sabha constituency|Bulsar]] (ST)
|Ajunbhai Lallubhai Patel
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Haryana (10) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Ambala Lok Sabha constituency|Ambala]] (SC)
|Ram Parkash
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Kurukshetra Lok Sabha constituency|Kurukshetra]]
|Gurdial Singh Saini
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Karnal Lok Sabha constituency|Karnal]]
|Chiranjit Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency|Sonepat]]
|Kapil Dev
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Rohtak Lok Sabha constituency|Rohtak]]
|Devi Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Prime Minister (2 December 1989 – 1 August 1990)
* Minister of Agriculture (2 December 1989 – 1 August 1990)
* Deputy Prime Minister (10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
* Minister of Agriculture and Tourism (10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!6
|[[Faridabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faridabad]]
|Bhajan Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Mahendragarh Lok Sabha constituency|Mahendragarh]]
|Birender Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Bhiwani–Mahendragarh Lok Sabha constituency|Bhiwani]]
|Bansi Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Hisar Lok Sabha constituency|Hissar]]
|Jai Parkash
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Minister in Ministry of Petroleum and Chemicals (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!10
|[[Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency|Sirsa]] (SC)
|Het Ram
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Himachal Pradesh (4)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Shimla Lok Sabha constituency|Simla]] (SC)
|Krishan Dutt Sultan Puri
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]
|Maheshwar Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|Kangra]]
|Shanta Kumar
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]
|Thakur Prem Kumar Dhumal
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Jammu and Kashmir (6)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]]
|[[Saifuddin Soz]]
|{{full party name with colour|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]
|[[Mohammad Shafi Bhat]]
|{{full party name with colour|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Anantnag Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag]]
|[[Piyare Lal Handoo]]
|{{full party name with colour|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Ladakh Lok Sabha constituency|Ladakh]]
|Mohd. Hassan
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]
|Dharam Paul
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
|[[Janak Raj Gupta]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Karnataka (28)==
{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (27)|border=solid 1px #000000}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|[[Janata Dal|JD]] (1)|border=solid 1px #000000}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! style="width:13em" | Constituency
! style="width:15em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:15em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]] (SC)
|[[Narsingrao Suryawanshi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]]
|[[Basawaraj Jawali]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency|Raichur]]
|R. Ambanna Naik Dore
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Koppal Lok Sabha constituency|Koppal]]
|[[Basavaraj Patil Anwari]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel and Mines (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!5
|[[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency|Bellary]]
|[[Basavarajeshwari]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Davangere Lok Sabha constituency|Davangere]]
|[[Channaiah Odeyar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency|Chitradurga]]
|[[C. P. Mudalagiriyappa]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency|Tumkur]]
|[[G. S. Basavaraj]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikballapur]]
|[[V. Krishna Rao]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]] (SC)
|[[Y. Ramakrishna]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Kanakapura Lok Sabha constituency|Kanakapura]]
|[[M. V. Chandrashekara Murthy]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]
|[[C. K. Jaffer Sharief]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore South]]
|[[R. Gundu Rao]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]
|[[G. Made Gowda]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]] (SC)
|[[Srinivasa Prasad]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore]]
|[[Srikantadatta Narasimharaja Wadiyar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Mangalore]]
|[[Janardhana Poojary]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Udupi Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi]]
|[[Oscar Fernandes]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Hassan Lok Sabha constituency|Hassan]]
|[[H. C. Srikantaiah]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikmagalur]]
|D. M. Putte Gowda
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]]
|[[T. V. Chandrashekarappa]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Kanara]]
|[[G. Devaraya Naik]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad South]]
|Mujahid B. M.
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad North]]
|[[D. K. Naikar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Belagavi Lok Sabha constituency|Belgaum]]
|[[Sidnal Shanmukhappa Basappa]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]] (SC)
|[[B. Shankaranand]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!27
|[[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency|Bagalkot]]
|Patil Subhash Tamannaappa
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!28
|[[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]]
|Gudadinni Basagondappa Kadappa
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Kerala (20) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Kasaragod Lok Sabha constituency|Kasaragod]]
|[[Ramanna Rai]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Kannur Lok Sabha constituency|Cannanore]]
|[[Mullappally Ramachandran]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency|Badagara]]
|[[K. P. Unnikrishnan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Surface Transport (6 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
* Minister of Communications (6 December 1989 – 23 April 1990)
|-
!4
|[[Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency|Calicut]]
|[[K. Muraleedharan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency|Manjeri]]
|[[Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Ponnani Lok Sabha constituency|Ponnani]]
|[[G. M. Banatwala]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian Union Muslim League|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency|Palghat]]
|[[A. Vijayaraghavan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Alathur Lok Sabha constituency|Ottapalam]] (SC)
|[[K. R. Narayanan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency|Trichur]]
|[[P. A. Antony]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Mukundapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Mukundapuram]]
|[[Savithri Lakshmanan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Ernakulam]]
|[[K. V. Thomas]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Muvattupuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Muvattupuzha]]
|[[P. C. Thomas]]
|{{full party name with colour|Kerala Congress (Mani)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Kottayam Lok Sabha constituency|Kottayam]]
|[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Idukki Lok Sabha constituency|Idukki]]
|Palai K. M. Mathew
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Alleppey]]
|[[Vakkom Purushothaman]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency|Mavelikara]]
|[[P. J. Kurien]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Adoor Lok Sabha constituency|Adoor]] (SC)
|[[Kodikunnil Suresh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Kollam Lok Sabha constituency|Quilon]]
|[[S. Krishna Kumar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Attingal Lok Sabha constituency|Chirayinkil]]
|[[Thalekunnil Basheer]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Trivandrum]]
|[[A. Charles]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Madhya Pradesh (40)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Morena Lok Sabha constituency|Morena]] (SC)
|Chhaviram
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Bhind Lok Sabha constituency|Bhind]]
|[[Narsingh Rao Dikshit]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency|Gwalior]]
|[[Madhavrao Scindia]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Guna Lok Sabha constituency|Guna]]
|[[Vijaya Raje Scindia]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Sagar Lok Sabha constituency|Sagar]] (SC)
|Shankar Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Khajuraho Lok Sabha constituency|Khajuraho]]
|Uma Bharti
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Damoh Lok Sabha constituency|Damoh]]
|Lokendra Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Satna Lok Sabha constituency|Satna]]
|Sikhendra Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Rewa Lok Sabha constituency|Rewa]]
|Yamuna Prasad Shastri
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Sidhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sidhi]] (ST)
|Jagannath Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Shahdol Lok Sabha constituency|Shahdol]] (ST)
|Danpat Singh Paraste
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Sarguja Lok Sabha constituency|Surguja]] (ST)
|Larangsai
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh]] (ST)
|Nand Kumar Sai
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Janjgir-Champa Lok Sabha constituency|Janjgir]]
|Dalip Singh Judeo
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency|Bilaspur]] (SC)
|Resham Lal Jangade
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Sarangarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sarangarh]] (SC)
|Parasram Bhardwaj
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Raipur Lok Sabha constituency|Raipur]]
|Ramesh Bais
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Mahasamund Lok Sabha constituency|Mahasamund]]
|Vidya Charan Shukla
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of External Affairs (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!19
|[[Kanker Lok Sabha constituency|Kanker]] (ST)
|Arvind Netam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Bastar Lok Sabha constituency|Bastar]] (ST)
|Mankuram Sodi
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Durg Lok Sabha constituency|Durg]]
|Purushottam Kaushik
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Rajnandgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Rajnandgaon]]
|Dharam Pal Gupta
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Balaghat Lok Sabha constituency|Balaghat]]
|Kankar Munjare
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Mandla Lok Sabha constituency|Mandla]] (ST)
|Mohan Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Jabalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jabalpur]]
|Babu Rao Pranjpe
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Seoni Lok Sabha constituency|Seoni]]
|Prahlad Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!27
|[[Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency|Chhindwara]]
|Kamal Nath
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!28
|[[Betul Lok Sabha constituency|Betul]]
|Arif Beg
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!29
|[[Hoshangabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshangabad]]
|Sartaj Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!30
|[[Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency|Bhopal]]
|Sushil Chandra Verma
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!31
|[[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]
|Raghavji
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!32
|[[Rajgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Rajgarh]]
|Pyarela Khandelwar
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!33
|[[Shajapur Lok Sabha constituency|Shajapur]] (SC)
|Phool Chand Verma
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!34
|[[Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency|Khandwa]]
|Amritlal (Mannibhai)
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!35
|[[Khargone Lok Sabha constituency|Khargone]]
|Rameshwar Pathidar
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!36
|[[Dhar Lok Sabha constituency|Dhar]] (ST)
|Suraj Bhanu Shiv Bhanu Solanki
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!37
|[[Indore Lok Sabha constituency|Indore]]
|Sumitra Mahajan
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!38
|[[Ujjain Lok Sabha constituency|Ujjain]] (SC)
|Satyanarayan Jatiya
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!39
|[[Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency|Jhabua]] (ST)
|Dileepsingh Bhuria
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!40
|[[Mandsaur Lok Sabha constituency|Mandsaur]]
|Laxminarayan Pandey
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Maharashtra (48)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Rajapur Lok Sabha constituency|Rajapur]]
|Madhu Dandavate
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Finance (5 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
|-
!2
|[[Ratnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Ratnagiri]]
|Nikam Govind Sawaji
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Kolaba Lok Sabha constituency|Kolaba]]
|Antulay A. R.
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Mumbai South Lok Sabha constituency|Bombay South]]
|Deora Murli
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bombay South Central]]
|Vamanrao Mahadik
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Mumbai North Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bombay North Central]]
|Vidyadhar Sambhaji Gokhale
|{{full party name with colour|Shiv Sena|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Mumbai North East Lok Sabha constituency|Bombay North East]]
|Mehta Jayawanti Navinchandra
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Mumbai North West Lok Sabha constituency|Bombay North West]]
|Sunil Dutt
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Mumbai North Lok Sabha constituency|Bombay North]]
|Ram Naik
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Thane Lok Sabha constituency|Thane]]
|Kapse Ramchandra Ganesh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Palghar Lok Sabha constituency|Dahanu]] (ST)
|Damodar Baraku Shingada
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Nashik Lok Sabha constituency|Nashik]]
|Aher Daula Sonuji
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Malegaon Lok Sabha constituency|Malegaon]] (ST)
|Mahale Haribhau
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Dhule Lok Sabha constituency|Dhule]] (ST)
|Bhoy Reshma Motiram
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]] (ST)
|Gavit Mankrao Hodlya
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Erandol Lok Sabha constituency|Erandol]]
|Patil Uttamrao Laxmanrao
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Jalgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Jalgaon]]
|Mahajan Yadav Shivram
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Buldhana Lok Sabha constituency|Buldhana]] (SC)
|Kale Sukhdeo Nandaji
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Akola Lok Sabha constituency|Akola]]
|Phundkar Pandurang Pundlik
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Washim Lok Sabha constituency|Washim]]
|Deshmukh Anantrao Vitthalrao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Amravati Lok Sabha constituency|Amravati]]
|Sudam Deshmukh
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency|Ramtek]]
|P. V. Narsimharao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur]]
|Purhit Banwarilal Bhagwandas
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Bhandara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhandara]]
|Khushal Parasram Sopche
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Chimur Lok Sabha constituency|Chimur]]
|Shivankar Manoharrao Sukaji
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Chandrapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chandrapur]]
|Potdukhe Shantaram Rajeshwar
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!27
|[[Wardha Lok Sabha constituency|Wardha]]
|Sathe Vasant Purushottam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!28
|[[Yavatmal Lok Sabha constituency|Yavatmal]]
|Uttamrao Deorao Patil
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!29
|[[Hingoli Lok Sabha constituency|Hingoli]]
|Uttam Rathod
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!30
|[[Nanded Lok Sabha constituency|Nanded]]
|Kabde Venkatesh Rukhmaji
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!31
|[[Parbhani Lok Sabha constituency|Parbhani]]
|Deshmukh Ashok Anandrao
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!32
|[[Jalna Lok Sabha constituency|Jalna]]
|Pundlik Hari Danwe
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!33
|[[Aurangabad, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]]
|Moroshwar Save
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!34
|[[Beed Lok Sabha constituency|Beed]]
|Dhakno Babanrao Dadaba
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Energy (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!35
|[[Latur Lok Sabha constituency|Latur]]
|Patil Shivraj Vishwanath
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] (19 March 1990 - 13 March 1991)
|-
!36
|[[Osmanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Osmanabad]] (SC)
|Kamble Arvind Tulshiram
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!37
|[[Solapur Lok Sabha constituency|Sholapur]]
|Sadul Dharmanna Mondayya
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!38
|[[Pandharpur Lok Sabha constituency|Pandharpur]] (SC)
|Thorat Sandipan Bhagwan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!39
|[[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmednagar]]
|Gadakh Y. K.
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!40
|[[Kopargaon Lok Sabha constituency|Kopargaon]]
|Vikhe E. V.
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!41
|[[Khed Lok Sabha constituency|Khed]]
|Bankhele Kisanrao Baburao
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!42
|[[Pune Lok Sabha constituency|Pune]]
|Gadgil Vitthalaro Narhar
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!43
|[[Baramati Lok Sabha constituency|Baramati]]
|Patil Shankarrao Bajirao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!44
|[[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]]
|Bhosale Prataprao Baburao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!45
|[[Karad Lok Sabha constituency|Karad]]
|Chavan Premalabai Dajisaheb
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!46
|[[Sangli Lok Sabha constituency|Sangli]]
|Patil Prakashbapu Vasantrao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!47
|[[Ichalkaranji Lok Sabha constituency|Ichalkaranji]]
|Mane Balasaheb alias Rajaram Shankarrao
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!48
|[[Kolhapur Lok Sabha constituency|Kolhapur]]
|Gaikwad Udaysingrao Nanasaheb
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Manipur (2) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]]
|N. Tombi Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!2
|[[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] (ST)
|Meijinlung Kamson
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Meghalaya (2) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Shillong Lok Sabha constituency|Shillong]]
|Peter G. Marbaning
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!2
|[[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
|Sanford Marak
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Mizoram (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]] (ST)
|C. Silvera
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Nagaland (1)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaland]]
|Shikino Sam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Orissa (21) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency|Mayurbhanj]] (ST)
|[[Bhagey Gobardhan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Programme Implementation (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!2
|[[Balasore Lok Sabha constituency|Balasore]]
|[[Samarendra Kundu]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!3
|[[Bhadrak Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadrak]] (SC)
|Mangararaj Malik
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!4
|[[Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jajpur]] (SC)
|[[Anadi Charan Das]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!5
|[[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]
|[[Rabi Ray]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] (19 December 1989 - 9 July 1991)
|-

!6
|[[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]
|[[Srikant Kumar Jena]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Industry (Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries) (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990)
|-

!7
|[[Jagatsinghpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jagatsinghpur]]
|[[Lokanath Choudhary]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!8
|[[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]]
|[[Nilamani Routray]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Health and Family Welfare (December 6, 1989 – April 23, 1990)
* Minister of Environment and Forests (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!9
|[[Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhubaneswar]]
|[[Sivaji Patnaik]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!10
|[[Aska Lok Sabha constituency|Aska]]
|[[Ananta Narayan Singh Deo]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!11
|[[Berhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Berhampur]]
|[[Gopinath Gajapati]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!12
|[[Koraput Lok Sabha constituency|Koraput]] (ST)
|[[Giridhar Gamang]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!13
|[[Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nowrangpur]] (ST)
|[[Khagapati Pradhani]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!14
|[[Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency|Kalahandi]]
|[[Bhakta Charan Das]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Youth Affairs and Sports) (April 23, 1990 – November 5, 1990)
* Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Welfare (Women and Child Development) (April 23, 1990 – November 5, 1990).
* Minister of State for Railways (Took office November 21, 1990; Left office June 21, 1991).
|-

!15
|[[Phulbani Lok Sabha constituency|Phulbani]] (SC)
|[[Nakul Nayak]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!16
|[[Bolangir Lok Sabha constituency|Bolangir]]
|[[Balgopal Mishra]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!17
|[[Sambalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sambalpur]]
|Bhabani Shankar Hota
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!18
|[[Deogarh Lok Sabha constituency|Deogarh]]
|[[Ravi Narayan Pani]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!19
|[[Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency|Dhenkanal]]
|[[Bhajaman Behara]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Petroleum and Chemicals (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990)
|-

!20
|[[Sundargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sundargarh]] (ST)
|[[Debananda Amat]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!21
|[[Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency|Keonjhar]] (ST)
|[[Govind Chandra Munda]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Punjab (13) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Gurdaspur Lok Sabha constituency|Gurdaspur]]
|[[Sukhbans Kaur Bhinder]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar]]
|[[Kirpal Singh (politician)|Kirpal Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Tarn Taran Lok Sabha constituency|Tarn Taran]]
|[[Simranjit Singh Mann]]
|{{full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jullundur]]
|[[I. K. Gujral]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of External Affairs (6 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
|-
!5
|[[Phillaur Lok Sabha constituency|Phillaur]] (SC)
|[[Harbhajan Lakha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|[[Kamal Chaudhry]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Rupnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ropar]] (SC)
|[[Bimal Kaur Khalsa]]
|{{full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Patiala Lok Sabha constituency|Patiala]]
|[[Atinderpal Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Ludhiana Lok Sabha constituency|Ludhiana]]
|[[Rajinder Kaur Bulara]]
|{{full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur]]
|[[Rajdev Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Bathinda Lok Sabha constituency|Bhatinda]] (SC)
|[[Sucha Singh Langah]]
|{{full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|Faridkot]]
|[[Jagdev Singh Talwandi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Firozpur Lok Sabha constituency|Ferozepur]]
|[[Dhian Singh Mand]]
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Rajasthan ==
{{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (13)
{{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (11)
{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] (1)

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ganganagar]] (SC)
|[[Bega Ram Chauhan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]]
|Shopat Singh Makkassar
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]]
|[[Daulat Ram Saran]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Urban Development (21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!4
|[[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (23 April 1990 – 5 November 1990)
|-
!5
|[[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]]
|[[Devi Lal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Prime Minister (2 December 1989 – 1 August 1990)
* Minister of Agriculture (2 December 1989 – 1 August 1990)
* Deputy Prime Minister (10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
* Minister of Agriculture and Tourism (10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991)
|-
!6
|[[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur]]
|[[Girdhari Lal Bhargava]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]]
|[[Nathu Singh Gurjar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency|Alwar]]
|[[Ramji Lal Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]]
|[[Vishvendra Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Bayana Lok Sabha constituency|Bayana]] (SC)
|[[Than Singh Jatav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency|Sawai Madhopur]] (ST)
|[[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]]
|[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Tonk Lok Sabha constituency|Tonk]] (SC)
|[[Gopal Pacherwal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]]
|[[Dau Dayal Joshi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Jhalawar Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]] (ST)
|[[Heera Bhai]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Salumber]] (ST)
|[[Nand Lal Meena (born 1946)|Nand Lal Meena]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]]
|[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]]
|[[Mahendra Singh Mewar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]]
|[[Hemendra Singh Banera]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali]]
|[[Guman Mal Lodha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]] (SC)
|[[Kailash Chandra Meghwal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]]
|[[Kalyan Singh Kalvi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Ministry of Energy (21 November 1990 – 25 April 1991)
|-
!24
|[[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]
|[[Jaswant Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]
|[[Nathuram Mirdha]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Food and Civil Supplies (8 December 1989 – 10 November 1990)
|-
|}

== Sikkim (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]
|Nandu Thapa
|{{full party name with colour|Sikkim Sangram Parishad|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Tamil Nadu (39) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Chennai North Lok Sabha constituency|Madras North]]
|D. Pandian
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Chennai Central Lok Sabha constituency|Madras Central]]
|Anbarasu Era
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Madras South]]
|[[Vyjayantimala Bali]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|Sriperumbudur]] (SC)
|[[Maragatham Chandrasekhar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Chengalpattu Lok Sabha constituency|Chengalpattu]]
|Kanchee Paneer
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Arakkonam Lok Sabha constituency|Arakkonam]]
|R. Jeevarathinam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]
|A. K. A. Abdul Samad
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Tirupattur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruppattur]]
|A. Jayamohan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Vandavasi Lok Sabha constituency|Vandavasi]]
|L. Balaraman
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Tindivanam Lok Sabha constituency|Tindivanam]]
|R. Eramadass
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Cuddalore Lok Sabha constituency|Cuddalore]]
|P. R. S. Venkatesan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!12
|[[Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency|Chidambaram]] (SC)
|P. Vallalperuman
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency|Dharmapuri]]
|M. G. Sekhar
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagiri]]
|K. Ramamoorthy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Rasipuram Lok Sabha constituency|Rasipuram]] (SC)
|B. Devarajan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Salem Lok Sabha constituency|Salem]]
|Rangarajan Kumaramangalam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!17
|[[Tiruchengode Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchengode]]
|K. C. Palanisamy
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Nilgiris Lok Sabha constituency|Nilgiris]]
|R. Prabhu
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!19
|[[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]
|P. G. Narayanan
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!20
|[[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency|Coimbatore]]
|C. K. Kuppusamy
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency|Pollachi]] (SC)
|B. Raja Ravi Varma
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Palani Lok Sabha constituency|Palani]]
|A. Senapathi Gounder
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency|Dindigul]]
|C. Srinivasan
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency|Madurai]]
|A. G. S. Ram Babu
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!25
|[[Theni Lok Sabha constituency|Periyakulam]]
|R. Mothiah
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur]]
|[[M. Thambithurai]]
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!27
|[[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]
|L. Adaikalaraj
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!28
|[[Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency|Perambalur]] (SC)
|A. Asokaraj
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!29
|[[Mayiladuthurai Lok Sabha constituency|Mayiladuturai]]
|Pakeer Mohamed Hajee E. S. M.
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!30
|[[Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency|Nagapattinam]] (SC)
|M. Selvarasu
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!31
|[[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]
|S. Singravadivel
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!32
|[[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Pudukottai]]
|N. Sundaraja
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!33
|[[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]
|[[P. Chidambaram]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!34
|[[Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Ramanathapuram]]
|V. Rajeswaran
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!35
|[[Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency|Sivakasi]]
|K. Kalimuthu
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!36
|[[Tirunelveli Lok Sabha constituency|Tirunelveli]]
|Janarthanan
|{{full party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!37
|[[Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency|Tenkasi]] (SC)
|M. Arunachalam
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!38
|[[Thoothukudi Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchendur]]
|R. Dhanuskodi Athithan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!39
|[[Kanyakumari Lok Sabha constituency|Nagercoil]]
|N. Dennis
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Tripura (2) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Tripura West Lok Sabha constituency|Tripura West]]
|[[Santosh Mohan Dev]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Tripura East Lok Sabha constituency|Tripura East]] (ST)
|Manikya Bikram Kishore Debbarma Bahadur
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Uttar Pradesh ==
{{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (54)
{{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (15)
{{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (8)
{{Color box|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] (2)
{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] (1)
{{Color box|{{party color|Hindu Mahasabha}}|border=darkgray}} [[Hindu Mahasabha|HMS]] (1)
{{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Ind]] (2)

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Tehri Garhwal]]
|[[Brahm Dutt]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!2
|[[Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Garhwal]]
|[[Chandra Mohan Singh Negi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!3
|[[Almora Lok Sabha constituency|Almora]]
|[[Harish Rawat]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!4
|[[Nainital Lok Sabha constituency|Nainital]]
|[[Mahendra Singh Pal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!5
|[[Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency|Bijnor]] (SC)
|[[Mayawati]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!6
|[[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency|Amroha]]
|[[Har Govind Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!7
|[[Moradabad Lok Sabha constituency|Moradabad]]
|[[Ghulam Mohammad Khan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!8
|[[Rampur Lok Sabha constituency|Rampur]]
|Zulfiqar Ali Khan
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!9
|[[Sambhal Lok Sabha constituency|Sambhal]]
|S. P. Yadava
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!10
|[[Badaun Lok Sabha constituency|Budaun]]
|[[Sharad Yadav]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!11
|[[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency|Aonla]]
|Raj Veer Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!12
|[[Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency|Bareilly]]
|[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!13
|[[Pilibhit Lok Sabha constituency|Pilibhit]]
|[[Maneka Gandhi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (December 6, 1989 – November 6, 1990).
* Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Environment & Forests (Took office November 21, 1990; Left office June 21, 1991)
|-

!14
|[[Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Shahjahanpur]]
|Satay Pal Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!15
|[[Kheri Lok Sabha constituency|Kheri]]
|Usha Verma
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!16
|[[Shahabad, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Shahabad]]
|Dharamgaj Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!17
|[[Sitapur Lok Sabha constituency|Sitapur]]
|Rajendra Kumari Bajpai
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!18
|[[Misrikh Lok Sabha constituency|Misrikh]] (SC)
|Ram Lal Rahi
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!19
|[[Hardoi Lok Sabha constituency|Hardoi]] (SC)
|Parmai Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!20
|[[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]
|Mandhata Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!21
|[[Mohanlalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Mohanlalganj]] (SC)
|Sarju Prasad Saroj
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!22
|[[Unnao Lok Sabha constituency|Unnao]]
|Anwar Ahmad
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!23
|[[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]]
|Sheila Kaul
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!24
|[[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]]
|Raja Dinesh Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!25
|[[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]]
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]] (18 December 1989 - 23 December 1990)
|-

!26
|[[Sultanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sultanpur]]
|Ram Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!27
|[[Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Akbarpur]] (SC)
|Ram Awadh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!28
|[[Faizabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faizabad]]
|Mitra Sen
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!29
|[[Bara Banki Lok Sabha constituency|Bara Banki]] (SC)
|Ram Sagar
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!30
|[[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]]
|Rudra Sen Chaudhary
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!31
|[[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]]
|[[Arif Mohammed Khan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!32
|[[Balrampur Lok Sabha constituency|Balrampur]]
|Fasiur-aahman Aliyas Munnan Khan
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!33
|[[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]]
|Anand Singh (Alias Annu Bhaiya)
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!34
|[[Basti Lok Sabha constituency|Basti]] (SC)
|Kalpa Nath Sonakar
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!35
|[[Dumariaganj Lok Sabha constituency|Domariaganj]]
|Brij Bhushan Tiwari
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!36
|[[Khalilabad Lok Sabha constituency|Khalilabad]]
|Ram Prasad Chaudhary
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!37
|[[Bansgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bansgaon]] (SC)
|Mahabir Prasad
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!38
|[[Gorakhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Gorakhpur]]
|[[Avedya Nath]]
|{{full party name with colour|Hindu Mahasabha|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!39
|[[Maharajganj, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj]]
|Harsh Vardhan
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!40
|[[Padrauna Lok Sabha constituency|Padrauna]]
|Baleshar
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!41
|[[Deoria Lok Sabha constituency|Deoria]]
|Rajmangal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of Human Resource Development (November 21, 1990 – June 21, 1991).
|-

!42
|[[Salempur Lok Sabha constituency|Salempur]]
|Hari Kewal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!43
|[[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency|Ballia]]
|[[Chandra Shekhar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Prime Minister; in-charge of all other important unallocated portfolios (November 10, 1990 – June 21, 1991)
|-

!44
|[[Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency|Ghosi]]
|Kalp Nath
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!45
|[[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]]
|Ram Kishana
|{{full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!46
|[[Lalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Lalganj]] (SC)
|Ram Dhan
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!47
|[[Machhlishahr Lok Sabha constituency|Machhlisahr]]
|Shiv Sharan Verma
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!48
|[[Jaunpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaunpur]]
|Raja Yadvendra Dutta
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!49
|[[Saidpur Lok Sabha constituency|Saidpur]] (SC)
|Ram Ragar
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!50
|[[Ghazipur Lok Sabha constituency|Ghazipur]]
|Jagdish
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!51
|[[Chandauli Lok Sabha constituency|Chandauli]]
|Kailash Nath Singh Yadav
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!52
|[[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]]
|[[Anil Shastri]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Finance (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!53
|[[Robertsganj Lok Sabha constituency|Robertsganj]] (SC)
|Subedar
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!54
|[[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mirzapur]]
|Yusa Beg
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!55
|[[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency|Phulpur]]
|Ram Pujan Patel
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!56
|[[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]]
|Janeswhar Mishra
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Communications (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990). Railways (November 21, 1990 – June 21, 1991).
|-

!57
|[[Chail Lok Sabha constituency|Chail]] (SC)
|Ram Nihor Rakesh
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!58
|[[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur]]
|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Prime Minister; in-charge of all other important unallocated portfolios (December 2, 1989 – November 10, 1990)
|-

!59
|[[Banda Lok Sabha constituency|Banda]]
|Ram Sajiwan
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!60
|[[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]
|Ganga Charan
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!61
|[[Jhansi Lok Sabha constituency|Jhansi]]
|Rajendra Agnihotri
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!62
|[[Jalaun Lok Sabha constituency|Jalaun]] (SC)
|Ram Sewak Bhatiya
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!63
|[[Ghatampur Lok Sabha constituency|Ghatampur]] (SC)
|Keshari Lal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!64
|[[Bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency|Bilhaur]]
|Arun Kumar Nehru
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!65
|[[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]]
|Subhashini Ali
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!66
|[[Etawah Lok Sabha constituency|Etawah]]
|Ram Singh Shakya
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!67
|[[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]]
|Chhotey Singh Yadav
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!68
|[[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]]
|Santosh Bhartiya
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!69
|[[Mainpuri Lok Sabha constituency|Mainpuri]]
|Uday Pratap Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!70
|[[Jalesar Lok Sabha constituency|Jalesar]]
|Ch. Multan Signh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!71
|[[Etah Lok Sabha constituency|Etah]]
|Mahadeepk Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!72
|[[Firozabad Lok Sabha constituency|Firozabad]] (SC)
|Ramji Lal Suman
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Welfare (Took office November 21, 1990; Left office June 21, 1991)
|-

!73
|[[Agra Lok Sabha constituency|Agra]]
|Ajay Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Railways (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!74
|[[Mathura Lok Sabha constituency|Mathura]]
|Manvendra Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!75
|[[Hathras Lok Sabha constituency|Hathras]] (SC)
|Bangali Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!76
|[[Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency|Aligarh]]
|[[Satya Pal Malik]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs and Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!77
|[[Khurja Lok Sabha constituency|Khurja]] (SC)
|Bhagwan Dass
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!78
|[[Bulandshahr Lok Sabha constituency|Bulandshahr]]
|Sarvar Husain
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State in the Ministry of Food and Civil supplies (Took office November 21, 1990; Left office June 21, 1991)
|-

!79
|[[Hapur Lok Sabha constituency|Hapur]]
|K. C. Tyagi (Kishan Chand)
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!80
|[[Meerut Lok Sabha constituency|Meerut]]
|Harish Pal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!81
|[[Baghpat Lok Sabha constituency|Baghpat]]
|Ajeet Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!82
|[[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarnagar]]
|[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!83
|[[Kairana Lok Sabha constituency|Kairana]]
|Har Pal
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!84
|[[Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Saharanpur]]
|Rashid Masood
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Health and Family Welfare (April 23, 1990 – November 10, 1990).
|-

!85
|[[Hardwar Lok Sabha constituency|Hardwar]] (SC)
|Jagpal Singh
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== West Bengal (42) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency|Cooch Behar]] (SC)
|[[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
|{{full party name with colour|All India Forward Bloc|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!2
|[[Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency|Alipurduars]] (ST)
|[[Pius Tirkey]]
|{{full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|
|-

!3
|[[Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency|Jalpaiguri]]
|[[Manik Sanyal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!4
|[[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency|Darjeeling]]
|Inderjeet
|{{full party name with colour|Gorkha National Liberation Front}}
|
|-

!5
|[[Raiganj Lok Sabha constituency|Raiganj]]
|[[Golam Yazdani]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!6
|[[Balurghat Lok Sabha constituency|Balurghat]] (SC)
|[[Palas Barman]]
|{{full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|
|-

!7
|[[Malda Lok Sabha constituency|Malda]]
|[[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!8
|[[Jangipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jangipur]]
|[[Zainal Abedin]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!9
|[[Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency|Murshidabad]]
|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!10
|[[Berhampore Lok Sabha constituency|Berhampore]]
|Mani Bhattacharya
|{{full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|
|-

!11
|[[Krishnanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagar]]
|Ajoy Mukherjee
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!12
|[[Nabadwip Lok Sabha constituency|Nabadwip]] (SC)
|Asim Bala
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!13
|[[Barasat Lok Sabha constituency|Barasat]]
|Chitta Basu
|{{full party name with colour|All India Forward Bloc|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!14
|[[Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency|Basirhat]]
|Monoranjan Sur
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-

!15
|[[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency|Joynagar]] (SC)
|Sanat Kumar Mandal
|{{full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|
|-

!16
|[[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mathurapur]] (SC)
|Radhikaranjan Pramanik
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!17
|[[Diamond Harbour Lok Sabha constituency|Diamond Harbour]]
|Amal Datta
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!18
|[[Jadavpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jadavpur]]
|Malini Bhattacharya
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!19
|[[Barrackpore Lok Sabha constituency|Barrackpore]]
|Tarit Baran Topder
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!20
|[[Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency|Dum Dum]]
|Nirmal Kanti Chatterjee
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!21
|[[Calcutta North West Lok Sabha constituency|Calcutta North West]]
|Debi Prasad Pal
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!22
|[[Calcutta North East Lok Sabha constituency|Calcutta North East]]
|[[Ajit Kumar Panja]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!23
|[[Calcutta South Lok Sabha constituency|Calcutta South]]
|Biplab Dasgupta
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!24
|[[Howrah Lok Sabha constituency|Howrah]]
|Sushanta Chakarborty
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!25
|[[Uluberia Lok Sabha constituency|Uluberia]]
|Hanan Mollah
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!26
|[[Serampore Lok Sabha constituency|Serampore]]
|Sudarsan Ray Chowdhuri
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!27
|[[Hooghly Lok Sabha constituency|Hooghly]]
|Rupchand Pal
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!28
|[[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency|Arambagh]]
|Anil Basu
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!29
|[[Panskura Lok Sabha constituency|Panskura]]
|Gita Mukherjee
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-

!30
|[[Tamluk Lok Sabha constituency|Tamluk]]
|Satyagopal Mistra
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!31
|[[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency|Contai]]
|Sudhir Giri
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!32
|[[Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency|Midnapore]]
|Indrajit Gupta
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-

!33
|[[Jhargram Lok Sabha constituency|Jhargram]] (ST)
|Matilal Hansda
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!34
|[[Purulia Lok Sabha constituency|Purulia]]
|Chitta Ranjan Mahata
|{{full party name with colour|All India Forward Bloc|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!35
|[[Bankura Lok Sabha constituency|Bankura]]
|Basudeb Acharia
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!36
|[[Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency|Vishnupur]] (SC)
|Sukhendu Khan
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!37
|[[Durgapur Lok Sabha constituency|Durgapur]] (SC)
|Purna Chandra Malik
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!38
|[[Asansol Lok Sabha constituency|Asansol]]
|Haradhan Roy
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!39
|[[Burdwan Lok Sabha constituency|Burdwan]]
|Sudhir Ray
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!40
|[[Katwa Lok Sabha constituency|Katwa]]
|Saifuddin Chaudhury
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!41
|[[Bolpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bolpur]]
|[[Somnath Chatterjee]]
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-

!42
|[[Birbhum Lok Sabha constituency|Birbhum]] (SC)
|Dome Ramchandra
|{{full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

==Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha constituency|Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
|[[Manoranjan Bhakta]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|}

== Chandigarh (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Chandigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chandigarh]]
|[[Harmohan Dhawan]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|style="font-size:90%"|
* Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Civil Aviations
* (Took office November 21, 1990 – Left office June 21, 1991)
|}

== Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli Lok Sabha constituency|Dadra & Nagar Haveli (ST)]]
|[[Mohanbhai Sanjibhai Delkar]]
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|}

== Daman and Diu (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]]
|Tandel Devji Jogibhai
|{{full party name with colour|Independent|dab=yes}}
|
|}

==National Capital Territory of Delhi (7)==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|New Delhi]]
|[[Lal Krishna Advani]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!2
|[[South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|South Delhi]]
|[[Madan Lal Khurana]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Outer Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Delhi]]
|[[Tarif Singh]]
|{{full party name with colour|Janata Dal|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!4
|[[East Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|East Delhi]]
|[[H. K. L. Bhagat]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Chandni Chowk Lok Sabha constituency|Chandni Chowk]]
|[[Jai Prakash Aggarwal]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Delhi Sadar Lok Sabha constituency|Delhi Sadar]]
|[[Vijay Kumar Malhotra]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
!7
|[[Karol Bagh Lok Sabha constituency|Karol Bagh (SC)]]
|[[Kalka Dass]]
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Lakshadweep (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency|Lakshadweep (ST)]]
|[[P. M. Sayeed]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

== Pondicherry (1) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! style="width:12em" | Constituency
! style="width:18em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:18em"| Party affiliation
! style="width:32em"| Roles and responsibilities
|-
!1
|[[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Pondicherry]]
|[[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]
|{{full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha Membership}}
{{Parliament of India}}

[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991|*List]]
[[Category:Lists of members of the Lok Sabha by term|9]]

Sunrise (2014 film)

2026-03-04T09:47:11Z

BrockVanhoose67: minor enhance article based on references

{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sunrise
| image = Sunrise_Film_French_poster_2014.png
| alt =
| caption = French release poster
| director = [[Partho Sen-Gupta]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Partho Sen-Gupta]]
* Marc Irmer
* Nina Lath Gupta
* Rakesh Mehra
}}
| writer = [[Partho Sen-Gupta]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Adil Hussain]]
* [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]]
* [[Ashalata Wabgaonkar]]
}}
| music = Eryck Abecassis
| cinematography = Jean-Marc Ferriere
| editing = Annick Raoul
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* Independent Movies
* National Film Development Corporation (India)
* Dolce Vita Films
}}
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
* [[Netflix]]
* Rapid Eye Movies (Ger)
* Eurozoom (Fr)
* Breaking Glass Pictures (US)
}}
| released = {{Film date|2014|10}}
| runtime = 86 minutes
| country = {{Plainlist|
* India
* France
}}
| language = Marathi
}}
'''''Sunrise''''' ({{langx|mr|अरुणोदय}}) is a 2014 [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Partho Sen-Gupta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/busan-film-review-sunrise-1201321350/ |title=Busan Film Review: 'Sunrise' |first=Richard |last=Kuipers |date=4 October 2014 |work=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/sunrise-busan-review-738675 |title='Sunrise': Busan Review}}</ref> Set in Mumbai, it tells the story of a grieving father searching for his daughter Aruna, kidnapped years ago. The main role is played by [[Adil Hussain]] accompanied by [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.delhievents.com/2017/02/movie-sunrise-hindi-film-with-german.html |title=MOVIE "Sunrise" Marathi Film with German Subtitles at Goethe-Institut / Max Mueller Bhavan, 3 Kasturba Gandhi Marg > 4pm onwards on 12th February 2017}}</ref> Komal Gupta, Esha Amlani and veteran actress [[Ashalata Wabgaonkar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/marathi-film-arunoday-selected-for-busan-international-film-festival/ |title=Marathi film Arunoday selected for Busan International Film Festival |date=12 September 2014}}</ref>

''Sunrise'', an Indo-French co-production, was screened at numerous international festivals and received several international awards (Amsterdam, Durban, Munich).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/doctor-rakhmabais-teaser-out/articleshow/57522890.cms |title=Tannishtha Chatterjee's Marathi film Doctor Rakhmabai's teaser out |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-capsule-sunrise-review-20160620-snap-story.html |title='Sunrise,' a gritty tour through the mind of a grief-stricken Mumbai cop |date=23 June 2016 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://screenanarchy.com/2014/10/busan-2014-review-sunrise-plunges-us-into-a-noirish-stylish-and-riveting-tale.html |title=Busan 2014 Review: SUNRISE Plunges Us Into Noirish And Riveting Tale Of Child Abduction |publisher=Screen Anarchy}}</ref>

==Plot==
Inspector Joshi is a grieving father searching for his daughter Aruna, kidnapped years ago at the age of six. In his despair, life converges with a recurring dream in which Joshi pursues a shadowy figure who leads him to 'Paradise', a night-club where teenage girls dance to a leering crowd. He is convinced he will find Aruna there and vows to bring her back to Leela, his broken wife.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunrisethefilm.com/synopsis/ |title=Sunrise: Synopsis}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Adil Hussain]]
*[[Tannishtha Chatterjee]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/tannishtha-chatterjee-learning-marathi-for-sunrise/213223 |title=Tannishtha Chatterjee learning Marathi for 'Sunrise'}}</ref>
*Gulnaaz Ansari
*Komal Gupta
*Esha Amlani
*[[Ashalata Wabgaonkar]]
*Bachan Pachehra
*Hridaynath Jadhav
*Chinmay Kambli

==Award and Selections==
During the years 2014 and 2015, Sunrise was screened at numerous international festivals and competed at awards ceremonies.

===Awards===
*[[Durban International Film Festival]] (2015) – Best Film: Partho Sen-Gupta and Best cinematography: Jean-Marc Ferrière;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vimooz.com/2015/07/26/36th-durban-international-film-festival-awards-sunrise-wins-best-film/ |title=36th Durban International Film Festival Awards; SUNRISE Wins Best Film |publisher=Vimooz.com}}</ref>
*[[Imagine Film Festival]] (2015) – Black Tulip Award: Partho Sen-Gupta<ref>{{cite web |url=http://imaginefilmfestival.com/about-imagine/awards |title=Imagine Film Festival, Jury's and Awards |publisher=Imaginefilmfestival.com}}</ref>
*[[Filmfest Munchen]] (2015) (Munich Film Festival) – One Future Prize: Partho Sen-Gupta<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfest-muenchen.de/en/festival/preise-preistraeger/one-future-preis/ |title=Munich Film Festival, One Future Prize, Awards & Winners |publisher=Filmfestmeunchen.de}}</ref>

===Selections===
*[[Busan International Film Festival]] (2014) – World Premiere – Nominated New Currents Award: Partho Sen-Gupta<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biff.kr/eng/html/archive/arc_history19_02.asp?mode=view&idx=13770&piff_code=2014 |title=Sunrise, 19th BIFF 2015 |publisher=Busan Int. Film Festival}}</ref>
*[[Dharamshala International Film Festival]] (2014) <ref>{{cite web |url=http://diff.co.in/diff-2014-films-a-z/sunrise/ |title=Dharamshala Film Festival: Sunrise |publisher=diff.co.in}}</ref>
*[[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]] (2015) – Nomination for Achievement in Cinematography: Jean-Marc Ferrière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiapacificscreenacademy.com/2015/10/nominees-announced-in-9th-asia-pacific-screen-awards/ |title=Nominees announced in 9th Asia Pacific Screen Awards |publisher=Asia-Pacific Screen Awards}}</ref>
*[[Beaune International Thriller Film Festival]] (2015) – Nomination Prix Sang Neuf: Partho Sen-Gupta<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/liste/BEAUNE_2015_7eme_Festival_International_du_Film_Policier/1570136 |title=BEAUNE 2015 – 7th Festival International du Film Policier |publisher=Senscritique.com}}</ref>
*[[Tribeca Film Festival]] (2015) – North American Premiere<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tribecafilm.com/filmguide/archive/sunrise-2015 |title=Sunrise, Fantasia 2015 |publisher=Tribecafilm.com}}</ref>
*[[Fantasia International Film Festival]] (2015) – Canadian Premiere<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fantasiafestival.com/2015/en/films-schedule/158/sunrise |title=Sunrise, Tribeca 2015 |publisher=fantasiafestival.com}}</ref>
*[[BFI London Film Festival]] (2015) – UK Premiere<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ica.art/whats-on/bfi-london-film-festival-sunrise |title=BFI London Film Festival: Sunrise |publisher=ICA.art}}</ref>
*[[International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights]] (2015) – Swiss Premiere - Fiction and Human Rights Competition - Nominated for the Grand Prize Fiction and Human Rights <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifdh.org/2015/site/2015-programm/films/Sunrise-176714 |title=The International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights: Sunrise |publisher=fifdh.org}}</ref>
*[[Sitges Film Festival]] (2015) – Spanish Premiere - Noves Visions Plus Section - Nominated for the Noves Visions Plus Award <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sitgesfilmfestival.com/eng/film?id=10003700 |title=The Sitges Film Festival: Sunrise |publisher=sitgesfilmfestival.com}}</ref>
*[[Fantasia Film Festival]] (2015) – Canadian Premiere <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.popoptiq.com/sunrise2015/ |title=Fantasia 2015: 'Sunrise' tackles the issue of India's missing children |publisher=popoptiq.com}}</ref>
*[[Vilnius International Film Festival]] (2015) – Lithuanian Premiere <ref>{{cite web |url=https://kinopavasaris.lt/en/filmai/1849-sunrise |title=Vilnius International Film Festival 2015: Sunrise |publisher=kinopavasaris.lt}}</ref>
*[[Flanders International Film Festival Ghent]] (2015) – Belgian Premiere - Official Selection: Global Cinemas <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfestival.be/en/archive/festival-editions/sunrise/15-1280 |title=Film Fest Ghent 2015: Sunrise |publisher=filmfestival.be}}</ref>
*[[Melbourne International Film Festival]] (2015) Accent on Asia section <ref>{{cite web |url=http://miff.com.au/festival-archive/film/25851/sunrise |title=Melbourne International Film Festival 2015 Archive: Sunrise |publisher=miff.com.au}}</ref>
*[[Sydney Film Festival]] (2015) Official Selection <ref>{{cite web |url=https://fourthreefilm.com/2015/05/staff-picks-sydney-film-festival-2015/ |title=Staff Picks – Sydney Film Festival 2015 |publisher=fourthirteenfilm.com}}</ref>
*[[Roffa Mon Amour]] (2015) Rotterdam Premiere <ref>{{cite web |url=https://roffamonamour.com/screenings/sunrise/ |title=Roffa Mon Amour 2015 - Sunrise |publisher=roffamonamour.com}}</ref>
*[[Etrange Film Festival]] (2015) French Premiere <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forumdesimages.fr/les-programmes/etrange-festival-2015/sunrise-int.-12-ans_1 |title=Etrange Film Festival 2015 - Sunrise |publisher=forumdesimages.fr}}</ref>

==Release==
Sunrise was released in limited arthouses cinemas in Germany (20 August 2015) by Rapid Eye Movies, in France by Eurozoom (2 March 2016) and in the U.S (24 July 2016) by Breaking Glass Pictures. It was then released on SVOD on [[Netflix]] worldwide<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bollywoodwallah.com/2017/03/19/sunrise-a-major-award-winner-movie-is-released-on-netflix/ |title='Sunrise', a major award winner movie is released on NETFLIX |publisher=bollywoodwallah.com}}</ref> (except France, due in March 2019). It is also available on [[Kanopy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kanopy.com/product/sunrise |title=Sunrise |publisher=kanopy.com}}</ref> In August 2018, it was released on the German Indie Film VOD platform Realeyz and is available in Germany, Austria and Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stream.realeyz.de/media/Sunrise/0_qdkeqwy3/39865471 |title=Sunrise |publisher=Realeyz}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.sunrisethefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|2385227}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]

Yuddham (2014 film)

2026-03-03T21:52:12Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting Some Details First Draft

{{for|the 1984 film|Yuddham (1984 film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yuddham
| image = Yuddham poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Bharathi Ganesh
| producer = Natti Kumar
| writer =
| starring = [[Tarun Kumar|Tarun]] [[Yami Gautam]] [[Srihari]]
| music = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| cinematography = Jaswanth
| editing =
| distributor = Vishakha Talkies
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|03|14}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Yuddham''''' ({{translation|War}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Telugu language]] [[drama film]] directed by Bharathi Ganesh. The film stars [[Tarun Kumar|Tarun]] and [[Yami Gautam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/directed-by-bharati-ganesh-yuddham-to-head-for-a-sivaratri-release/309601-71-177.html|title=Directed by Bharati Ganesh 'Yuddham' to head for a Sivaratri release|date=9 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225044848/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/directed-by-bharati-ganesh-yuddham-to-head-for-a-sivaratri-release/309601-71-177.html|archive-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> The film also features late [[Srihari]] and was released as a tribute to him as he played a pivotal role in it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/gallery/nation/140320/if-i-were-coronavirus-id-feel-a-bit-lonely-in-bengaluru-right-now.html|title=Tarun - Yami’s Yuddham to release on Jan 16 | Tarun - Yami’s Yuddham to release on Jan 16|date=7 January 2014|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> The film was released in 550 screens, the highest in Tarun's career. In 2017, the film was dubbed into [[Hindi]] under the same title by Wide Angle Media Pvt Ltd.

== Plot ==
{{Empty section|date=July 2025}}

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Tarun Kumar|Tarun]] as Rishi
* [[Yami Gautam]] as Madhumita
* [[Srihari]] as Shankar Anna
* [[Nagineedu]] as Naidu
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Sivaji
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Nandagopal / Nandu
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Rama Rao
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Krishnam Raju
* [[Giri Babu]] as Rama Chandra Murthy
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram, Rishi's father
* [[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]] as Rajyalakshmi, Rishi's mother
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Duvvasi
* [[Krishna Bhagawan]] as Akuvakkala Ananda Rao
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Ramchandra
* Apoorva as Sweety
* [[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Seenu
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] Officer [[Superintendent (police)|SP]] Mallikarjuna Rao
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Lakshmi Narayana
* Bhupal as Rishi's brother
}}

== Production ==
This film marks Bharathi Ganesh's second film after ''Amayakudu'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2011/Jan/21/tarun-makes-a-comeback-220992.html|title=Tarun makes a comeback|date=16 May 2012|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Producer Natti Kumar was not happy when Tarun refused for a five day trip to Bangkok to finish the shoot of this film.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/natti-kumar-unhappy-with-tarun/articleshow/18775460.cms | title=Natti Kumar unhappy with Tarun? | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Music was composed by Chakri. Album consists of 5 songs.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)

| title1 =Athadoka Sainyam
| extra1 = [[Noel Sean]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| length1 =

| title2 = Anthenduku Nuvvu
| extra2 = Simha, Sudheeksha Katiyala
| length2 =

| title3 = Emaindi Darlingu
| extra3 = [[L. V. Revanth|Revanth]], [[Sahithi]]
| length3 =

| title4 = Chichu Pedthondi
| extra4 = [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]], Adarshini
| length4 =

| title5 = Lover Boy
| extra5 = Vasu, Surabhi Sravani
| length5 =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2014 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chakri]]

{{2010s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Madhuvidhu

2026-03-03T21:03:06Z

BrockVanhoose67: clean up

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Madhuvidhu
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[N. Sankaran Nair]]
| producer = P. Subramaniam
| writer = Babu Nanthancode [[Muttathu Varkey]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[Muttathu Varkey]]
| starring = [[Jayabharathi]] [[Jose Prakash]] Maya [[Prameela]]
| music = [[M. B. Sreenivasan]]
| cinematography = E. N. C. Nair
| editing = N. Gopalakrishnan
| studio = Sreekumar Productions
| distributor = Sreekumar Productions
| released = {{Film date|1970|10|15|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Madhuvidhu''''' ({{translation|Honeymoon}}) is a 1970 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[N. Sankaran Nair]] and produced by P. Subramaniam. The film stars [[Jayabharathi]], [[Jose Prakash]], Maya and [[Prameela]] in the lead roles. The film had musical score by [[M. B. Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=343|title=Madhuvidhu|access-date=2014-10-12|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/madhuvidhu-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016095806/http://spicyonion.com/title/madhuvidhu-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 October 2014|title=Madhuvidhu|access-date=2014-10-12|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]]
*[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geethanjali]]
*[[K. V. Shanthi]]
*[[Jayabharathi]]
*[[S. P. Pillai]]
*[[Nellikode Bhaskaran]]
*[[Jose Prakash]]
*[[Aranmula Ponnamma]]
*[[Alummoodan]]
*[[Pankajavalli]]
*Maya
*[[Prameela]]
*Annamma
*[[KPAC Sunny]]
*[[Mala Aravindan]]
*Philip
*Sarasamma
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==

{{Track listing

| extra_column = Artist(s)

| headline = Track listing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4084|title=മധുവിധു (1970)|access-date=19 October 2019|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>
| all_lyrics = [[O. N. V. Kurup]]
| all_music = [[M. B. Sreenivasan]]

| title1 = Aathirakkulirulla
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]]

| title2 = Oru Madhuraswapnamalla
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]

| title3 = Raavu Maayum Nilaavu Maayum
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas

| title4 = Ulsavam Madirolsavam
| extra4 = [[L. R. Eswari]]

| title5 = Yamunaatheeravihaari
| extra5 = S. Janaki

}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0257888|Madhuvidhu}}

[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. Sankaran Nair]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

2014–2016 in SFL numbered events

2026-02-21T06:35:42Z

BrockVanhoose67: quick update

{{Short description|Mixed martial arts events}}
[[Super Fight League]] has scheduled several fights cards throughout 2014 to 2016:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sherdog.com/organizations/Super-Fight-League-4497 |title=Super Fight League Fights, Fight Cards, Videos, Pictures, Events and more |publisher=Sherdog |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://superfightleague.com/schedule.php |title=Schedule |publisher=Super Fight League |accessdate=April 13, 2013 |archive-date=April 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407170736/http://superfightleague.com/schedule.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==List of events==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Card
!Date
!Venue
!City
|-
|SFL - Warriors
|{{dts|2014|March|30}}
|Bombay Exhibition Centre
|[[Mumbai]], India
|-
|-
|SFL 35: America 1
|{{dts|2014|October|4}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 36: America 2
|{{dts|2014|December|13}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 37: America 3
|{{dts|2015|February|21}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 38: India vs. Pakistan
|{{dts|2015|February|27}}
|[[Dubai]]
|[[United Arab Emirates]]
|-
|SFL 39: BodyPower Expo
|{{dts|2015|March|22}}
|Bombay Exhibition Centre
|[[Mumbai]], India
|-
|SFL 40: America 4
|{{dts|2015|April|25}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 41: America 5
|{{dts|2015|July|11}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 42: Fight Night at the Corral
|{{dts|2015|August|15}}
|Stampede Corral
|[[Calgary, Alberta]], [[Canada]]
|-
|SFL 43: Capital Collision
|{{dts|2015|September|26}}
|Hyatt Regency
|[[Gurgaon, India]]
|-
|SFL 44: America 6
|{{dts|2015|September|26}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 45: America 7
|{{dts|2015|December|12}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 46: America 8
|{{dts|2016|February|20}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], [[United States]]
|-
|SFL 47
|{{dts|2016|March|18}}
|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium - The Grub Fest
|[[New Delhi]], [[India]]
|-
|SFL 48
|{{dts|2016|March|26}}
|JLN Stadium - The Grub Fest
|[[Pune]], [[India]]
|-
|SFL 49: America 9 (Seattle vs. Portland)
|{{dts|2016|May|7}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], USA
|-
|SFL 50: America 10 (Seattle vs. Los Angeles)
|{{dts|2016|July|23}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], USA
|-
|SFL 51: America 11 (Seattle vs. Central Valley)
|{{dts|2016|October|22}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], USA
|-
|SFL 53: Cage Sport 43
|{{dts|2016|December|17}}
|Emerald Queen Casino
|[[Tacoma, Washington]], USA
|}

==Event summaries==

===SFL - Warriors===
'''SFL Warriors''' took place on March 30, 2014 in [[Mumbai]], India. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Anup Kumar
|def.
|Irfan Khan
|Decision (Unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Dhruv Chaudhary
|def.
|Mohammed Farhad Rafiq
|TKO (punches)
|2
|4:40
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Siddharth Chandanshive
|def.
|[[Mukesh choudhary gora|Mukesh Gora]]
|Submission (arm triangle choke)
|1
|1:07
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Sandeep Kumar
|def.
|Deepak Kumar Singh
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|1
|0:56
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Abdul Muneer
|def.
|Sandeep Kumar
|KO (punch)
|1
|0:16
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Rajinder Singh Meena
|def.
|Sumeet Khade
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|1
|0:16
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 35===
'''SFL 35''' took place on October 4, 2014 in [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], Washington, USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Background'''

This was the inaugural event in the United States of America.<ref name="sherdog">{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/events/SFL-35-America-40047 |title=SFL 35 - America|publisher=sherdog.com|accessdate=March 6, 2015}}</ref>

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Raven Guice
|vs.
|Jesse Hardenbrook
|No Contest (fighters fell out of cage)
|1
|2:57
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Bantamweight
|Cheryl Chan
|def.
|Hadley Griffith
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|3
|2:04
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Mike Devose
|def.
|Cleo Anderson
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Adam Walkemeyer
|def.
|Michael Marcinko
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|3:17
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Mike Ross
|def.
|Trent Tyler
|Decision (split)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Bobby McIntyre
|def.
|Gary Winslow
|Submission (D'Arce Choke)
|1
|0:26
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Bantamweight
|[[Colleen Schneider]]
|def.
|Brenda Gonzales
|Decision (unanimous)
|5
|5:00
|Inaugural SFL America Women's Bantamweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Victor Henry
|def.
|Cory Vom Baur
|Submission (arm bar)
|1
|4:43
|Inaugural SFL America Bantamweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''<ref>http://mmajunkie.com/2014/10/super-fight-league-bout-halted-when-fighter-falls-through-cage-door Super Fight League bout halted when fighter tumbles through cage door</ref>

===SFL 36===
'''SFL 36: America 2''' took place on December 13, 2014 in [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], Washington, USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Background'''

This was the 2nd event in the United States of America.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Woo Johnson
|def.
|Joshua LaGrange
|Submission (verbal)
|1
|1:07
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Flyweight
|[[Jenny Liou Shriver]]
|def.
|Susy Watson
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Trent Tyle
|def.
|Mike Devose
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|1
|2:41
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Albert Tadevosyan
|vs.
|Frankie Orr
|Draw
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Jason Novelli
|def.
|Jason Gray
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|1
|4:10
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Tyson Cunningham
|vs.
|[[Phoenix Jones|Ben Fodor]]
|Draw (majority)
|5
|5:00
|Inaugural SFL America Welterweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|[[Julian Erosa]]
|def.
|Harrison Bevens
|TKO
|2
|2:10
|Inaugural SFL America Lightweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 37===
'''SFL 37: America 3''' took place on February 21, 2015 in [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], Washington, USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Background'''

This was the 3rd event in the United States of America.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Victor Barajas
|def.
|Shane Sargent
|Submission (armbar)
|1
|n/a
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Trent Tyler
|def.
|Kina Peneueta
|Submission (arm triangle choke)
|1
|n/a
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Bobby McIntyre
|def.
|William Hunt
|TKO (punches)
|1
|n/a
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Jesse Hardenbrook
|def.
|Aaron Martin
|Submission (arm triangle choke)
|1
|3:38
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Paul Njoku
|def.
|Sean Gee
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Hector Lopez
|def.
|Arjay Murphy
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|[[Phoenix Jones|Ben Fodor]]
|def.
|Jason Novelli
|Technical Submission (rear naked choke)
|3
|3:06
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|[[Julian Erosa]] (c)
|def.
|Drew Brokenshire
|Submission (brabo choke)
|3
|4:35
|For the SFL America Lightweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 38===
'''SFL 38: India vs. Pakistan''' took place on February 27, 2015 in the United Arab Emirates. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Background''' 
This was the very first MMA event to feature fighters from [[India]] against fighters from [[Pakistan]], standing from the long rivalry both nations have. It was also the first event the SFL hosted in the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Team India beat Team Pakistan by 6-1 & won the SFL Cup.<ref name="worldboxingnews">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldboxingnews.com/haroon-khan-heading-to-dubai-to-take-in-super-fight-league-event/ |title=Haroon Khan heading to Dubai to take in 'Super Fight League' event {{pipe}} World Boxing News |publisher=worldboxingnews.com|accessdate=March 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name="tribune">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/845408/pakistan-knocked-out-by-india-in-mma-league/ |title=Pakistan knocked out by India on MMA league debut – The Express Tribune |publisher=tribune.com.pk|accessdate=March 6, 2015}}</ref>

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|{{flagicon|Bahrain}} Mohammed Shahid
|def.
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Prince Alamgeer Khan
|TKO (punches)
|1
|2:50
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|{{flagicon|India}} Mohammed Farhad Rafiq
|def.
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Abdullah Haiderzai
|TKO (punches)
|2
|1:12
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|{{flagicon|India}} Abdul Muneer
|def.
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Ahmed Ali
|KO (punch)
|1
|0:48
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Usman Butt
|def.
|{{flagicon|India}} Bhabajeet Choudhury
|DQ (kick to the head of grounded fighter)
|1
|2:17
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|{{flagicon|India}} Sandeep Kumar
|def.
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Jerry James
|TKO (punches)
|1
|1:36
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|{{flagicon|India}} Anup Kumar
|def.
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Shams Rehman
|TKO (slam and elbows)
|1
|0:46
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|{{flagicon|India}} Amit Thapa
|def.
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Sameer Hassan Khan
|TKO (punches)
|1
|2:33
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 39===
'''SFL 39: BodyPower Expo''' took place on March 22, 2015 in [[Mumbai, India]]. As with the previous events, it will be streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Dhruv Chaudhary
|def.
|Navjot Chahal
|TKO (punches)
|2
|4:05
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Govind Singh
|def.
|Mohd Asgar
|TKO (punches)
|1
|2:59
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Vikas Singh Ruhil
|def.
|Zoramm Awia
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|1:07
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Khurshid Moin
|def.
|Zorin Mawiia
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Nikhil Bhatt
|def.
|Manish Kumar
|TKO (punches)
|1
|2:12
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Mohammed Farhad Rafiq
|def.
|Praveen Malik
|KO (head kick)
|1
|1:26
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Shyam Prasad
|def.
|Brijesh Kumar Meena
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|1:24
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 40===
'''SFL 40: America 4''' took place on April 25, 2015 in [[Tacoma, Washington]]. As with the previous events, it will be streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Justin Mark
|def.
|Shane Sargent
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|0:58
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Jake Jokela
|def.
|Mike Ross
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|3:44
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Flyweight
|Susy Watson
|def.
|Ciara Irvine
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|3:29
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Corey Watson
|def.
|Artiom Cula
|Submission (kimura)
|3
|2:53
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Tony Reyes
|def.
|Victor Barajas
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|4:02
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|John Heath
|def.
|Trent Tyler
|TKO (punches)
|1
|3:19
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Gurdarshan Mangat
|def.
|Hector Lopez
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|3:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Drew Brokenshire
|def.
|Jason Gray
|TKO (knees & punches)
|3
|2:50
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 41===
'''SFL 41: America 5''' took place on July 11, 2015 in [[Tacoma, Washington]]. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Kody Kramer
|def.
|Tony Reyes
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|[[Vince Morales]]
|def.
|Jeremie Montgomery
|TKO (punches)
|1
|2:28
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Woo Johnson
|def.
|Chris Aparicio
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|3
|4:40
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Corey Watson
|def.
|Adam Walkemeyer
|Submission (arm triangle choke)
|1
|1:19
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Jason Novelli
|def.
|Bobby McIntyre
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|2
|4:16
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Tyson Cunningham
|def.
|Mike Dubois
|Submission ([[Von Flue choke]])
|2
|1:13
|Inaugural SFL America Welterweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Justin Harrington
|def.
|Harrison Bevens
|TKO
|2
|4:59
|Vacant SFL America Lightweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 42===
'''SFL 42: Fight Night at the Corral''' took place on August 15, 2015 in [[Calgary, Alberta]]. This was the Canadian debut event for Super Fight League. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Steve Roy
|def.
|Dan Juricic
|KO (punches)
|1
|0:50
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Flyweight
|Rachael Swatez
|def.
|Chaleur Jones
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|3:34
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Matt Krayco
|def.
|Justin Schmit
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|3:34
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Chase Degenhardt
|def.
|Micah Brakefield
|TKO (punches)
|1
|3:28
|For the SFL Middleweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Jesse Arnett
|def.
|[[Roland Delorme]]
|TKO (punches)
|2
|3:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 43===
'''SFL 43: Capital Collision''' took place on September 26, 2015 in [[Gurgaon, India]]. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Krishan Rawat
|def.
|Vikas Singh
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Strawweight
|Daisy Singh
|def.
|Lalvenhimi
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|1:26
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Gaurav Gulliya
|def.
|Nikhil Bhatt
|Submission (standing rear naked choke)
|1
|2:39
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Mohd Farhad Rafiq
|def.
|Pushpendra Singh
|TKO (punches)
|2
|1:11
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Kapil Kumar
|def.
|Irfan Khan
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|2
|1:55
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Seth Rosario
|def.
|Shyam Prasad
|TKO (punch)
|2
|0:34
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Govind Ale
|def.
|Anup Kumar
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Amitesh Chaubey
|def.
|Jason Solomon
|TKO (punch)
|1
|0:09
|For the SFL Welterweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 44===
'''SFL 44: America 6''' took place on September 26, 2015 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Dylan Potter
|def.
|John Aparicio
|Submission (armbar)
|1
|1:34
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Thomas Pierce Jr.
|def.
|Jesse Hardenbrook
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|2
|2:21
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Jeremie Montgomery
|def.
|Jadon Johnson
|TKO
|1
|1:26
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Lyndon Hirai
|def.
|Allan Nicolausen
|TKO
|2
|2:41
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Strawweight
|[[Jenny Liou Shriver]]
|def.
|Heather Denny
|Submission (armbar)
|1
|4:01
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Daniel Swain
|def.
|Drew Brokenshire
|Submission (triangle choke)
|3
|2:04
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Alfonso Gonzales
|def.
|Thomas Hoeper
|TKO
|2
|1:29
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Justin Harrington
|def.
|Bobby McIntyre
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|2:25
|For the SFL American Lightweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 45===
'''SFL 45: America 7''' took place on December 12, 2015 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Thomas Hoeper
|def.
|Rob Burgess
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|1
|4:46
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Rafael Brewster
|def.
|Nate Cook
|Submission (front choke)
|1
|1:36
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Patrick Benson
|def.
|Kody Kramer
|Submission (knee bar)
|2
|0:38
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Dylan Potter
|def.
|Artiom Cula
|KO
|1
|2:41
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Journey Newson
|def.
|Justin Hugo
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|2:17
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Eric Cronkhite
|def.
|Daniel Elliot
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|2
|4:30
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Brent Knopp
|def.
|Jordan Currie
|TKO
|2
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Strawweight
|[[Amy Montenegro]]
|def.
|[[Glena Avila]]
|Decision (split)
|5
|5:00
|For the SFL America Women's Strawweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 46===
'''SFL 46: America 8''' took place on February 20, 2016 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Anthony Zender
|def.
|Luiz Gomez
|TKO
|2
|1:14
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Ryan Schecterson
|def.
|Nick Coughran
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Dylan Potter
|def.
|Rob Burgess
|Submission (armbar)
|2
|2:20
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|David Purnell Jr.
|vs.
|Thomas Pierce Jr.
|No Contest (eye poke)
|2
|0:33
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Justin Hugo
|def.
|Jon Marc Cortez
|Submission (armbar)
|2
|4:16
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Jeremie Montgomery
|def.
|Armando Best
|Submission (D'arce Choke)
|2
|3:49
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Joey Pierotti
|def.
|Fay Bursell
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|1:09
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Patrick Benson
|def.
|Jason Gray
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|3:23
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Jared Torgeson
|def.
|Brent Knopp
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 47===
'''SFL 47''' took place on March 18, 2016 in [[New Delhi, India]]. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Flyweight
|Kapil Kumar
|def.
|Sachin Panwar
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Dhruv Chaudhary
|def.
|Amit Goswami
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|2:30
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Strawweight
|Daisy Singh
|def.
|Bharti Dhoundiyal
|Submission (armbar)
|1
|0:44
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Ashish Chaudhary
|def.
|Jamshed Khan
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|1
|2:34
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Kantharaj Agasa
|def.
|[[Mukesh choudhary gora|Mukesh Gora]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 48===
'''SFL 48''' took place on March 26, 2016 in [[Pune, India]]. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Arshiyan Memon
|def.
|Parveen Kumar
|Submission (reverse guillotine choke)
|2
|1:48
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Dhruv Chaudhary
|def.
|Pardeep Singh
|Submission (armbar)
|1
|2:30
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Amit Kumar
|def.
|Ashish Chaudhary
|KO/TKO
|1
|0:11
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Farhad Hazratzada
|def.
|Sandeep Yadav
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|4:21
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 49===
'''SFL 49: America 9 (Seattle vs. Portland)''' took place on May 7, 2016 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Journey Newson
|def.
|Shane Friesz
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Flyweight
|Liz Tracy
|def.
|Cindy Hales
|TKO
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Joey Pierotti
|def.
|Chris Evens
|TKO
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Rafael Brewster
|def.
|Jose McKay Rodriguez
|KO
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Justin Harrington (c)
|def.
|Bryan Nuro
|Decision (unanimous)
|5
|5:00
|For the SFL American Lightweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 50===
'''SFL 50: America 10 (Seattle vs. Los Angeles)''' took place on July 23, 2016 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Austin Anderson
|def.
|Ryan Schecterson
|Submission (triangle choke)
|2
|4:33
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Nathan Stolen
|def.
|Jeremie Montgomery
|KO/TKO (punch)
|1
|1:34
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Anthony Zender
|def.
|Brandon Frunk
|Decision (split)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|A.J. Bryant
|def.
|Armando Best
|KO/TKO (punches)
|1
|2:14
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Flyweight
|[[Sarah D'Alelio]]
|def.
|[[Jenny Liou Shriver|Jenny Liou]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Shohei Yamamoto
|def.
|Bobby McIntyre
|KO/TKO (punches)
|2
|0:46
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Light Heavyweight
|Thomas Hoeper
|def.
|Dylan Potter
|KO/TKO (punches)
|2
|4:27
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|195 lbs catchweight
|Brent Knopp
|def.
|Adam Dehart
|Decision (unanimous)
|5
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 51===
'''SFL 51: America 11 (Seattle Warriors vs. Central Valley Heat)''' took place on October 22, 2016 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Jorge Gaitan
|def.
|Armando Best
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Nathan Stolen
|def.
|A.J. Bryant
|Submission
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Welterweight
|Joey Pierotti
|def.
|Richard Brooks
|TKO
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Women's Flyweight
|Liz Tracy
|def.
|[[Christine Stanley]]
|Decision (split)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Middleweight
|Mike Persons
|def.
|Dylan Potter
|TKO
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Heavyweight
|Jordan Powell
|def.
|Jordan Currie
|Submission
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|192 lbs Catchweight
|Josh Clark
|def.
|Brent Knopp
|KO
|
|
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|140 lbs Catchweight
|Anthony Zender
|def.
|Nathan Thompson
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

===SFL 53: Cage Sport 43===
'''SFL 53: Cage Sport 43''' took place on December 17, 2016 in [[Tacoma, Washington]], USA. As with the previous events, it was streamed on [[YouTube]], on [[TEN Sports]] in India and on the [[Fight Network]] in Canada.

'''Fight Card'''
{{MMAevent}}
{{MMAevent card|Card}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Bantamweight
|Sean Gee
|def.
|Rodney Kealohi
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|3
|0:59
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|140 lbs Catchweight
|Dylan Atkinson
|def.
|Daniel Elliot
|Submission (north-south choke)
|2
|4:51
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|140 lbs Catchweight
|Journey Newson
|def.
|Anthony Zender
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|3
|1:27
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|JD Burns
|def.
|Patrick Benson
|Submission (triangle choke)
|1
|2:37
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Ikaika Tampos
|def.
|Chris Stone
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Featherweight
|Drew Brokenshire
|def.
|Eduardo Torres
|Decision (unanimous)
|3
|5:00
|
}}
{{MMAevent bout
|Lightweight
|Bryan Nuro
|def.
|Bobby McIntyre
|Submission (rear naked choke)
|1
|3:22
|For the Interim SFL American Lightweight Championship
}}
{{MMAevent end|notes=yes}}
'''Sources'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://superfightleague.com Super Fight League official site]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2014-2016 in SFL numbered events}}
[[Category:2014 in mixed martial arts|*]]
[[Category:2014 in Indian sport|SFL]]
[[Category:2015 in mixed martial arts|*]]
[[Category:2015 in Indian sport|SFL]]
[[Category:Mixed martial arts events]]
[[Category:Mixed martial arts in India]]

Vishwajeet Kadam

2026-02-19T21:21:35Z

BrockVanhoose67: Expanded article with relevant info

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Short description|Indian politician}}{{Like resume|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Vishwajeet Kadam
| image = 240916-vishwajeet-kadam.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|01|13}}
| birth_place = [[Pune, Maharashtra]], India
| residence = [[Pune]]
| office = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Minister of State]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start = 30 December 2019
| term_end = 29 June 2022
| minister =
*[[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Co-operation]]
*[[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Agriculture]]
*[[Ministry of Social Justice (Maharashtra)|Social Justice]]
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Food, Civil Supplies]]
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Consumer Affairs]]
*[[Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minority Development and Aukaf]]
*[[Ministry of Marathi Language|Marathi Language]].
*[[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Finance]] ''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022
*[[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Planning]] ''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022
*[[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (Maharashtra)|Skill Development And Entrepreneurship]] ''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022
*[[Ministry of Marketing (Maharashtra)|Marketing]] ''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022
*[[Ministry of Public Health (Maharashtra)|Public Health and Family Welfare]] ''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata =
[[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| 2blankname = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 2namedata =
[[Ajit Pawar]]
| governor = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| predecessor =
| office2 = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Palus-Kadegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Palus-Kadegaon]]
| term_start2 = 31 May 2018
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Patangrao Kadam]]
| successor2 =
| parents = [[Patangrao Kadam]]
| nationality =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| website = https://vishwajeetkadam.in
}}

'''Vishwajeet Kadam''' (born 13 January 1980) is a politician from the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Shoumojit|date=2019-12-31|title=Congress leaders from western Maharashtra under-represented|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/congress-leaders-from-western-maharashtra-under-represented/article30437767.ece|access-date=2020-09-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is the son of former congress leader [[Patangrao Kadam]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=DNA Web|date=2018-03-10|title=Patangrao Kadam passes away: Here's all you need to know about a politician and educationalist|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patangrao-kadam-passes-away-here-s-all-you-need-to-know-about-a-politician-and-educationalist-2592453|access-date=2020-09-25|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> and was born and brought up in [[Pune]]. He serves as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member]] of Maharashtra legislative assembly from [[Palus-Kadegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-19|title=Vishwajeet Kadam is Congress candidate for Pune LS seat|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/vishwajeet-kadam-is-congress-candidate-for-pune-ls-seat/|access-date=2020-09-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kadam has a B.E., MBA, PhD in Management and has also completed Management and Leadership in Education from [[Howard University]].{{cn|date=February 2021}}

Some know him as the Working President of [[Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee]]. Others know him as a Member of the AICTE ([[All India Council for Technical Education]]) and many more know him as the Secretary of [[Bharati Vidyapeeth]].

== Political career ==
His was selected as the Congress party candidate for [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] which he won by a huge margin of 1,50,866 votes from [[Palus-Kadegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taneja|first=Nidhi|date=2018-05-27|title=Maharashtra: Congress' Vishwajeet Kadam elected unopposed as BJP opts out in Palus-Kadegaon bypolls|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-maharashtra-congress-vishwajeet-kadam-elected-unopposed-as-bjp-opts-out-in-palus-kadegaon-bypolls-444192|access-date=2020-09-25|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== Positions held ===

* Maharashtra Cabinet Minister of State (2019–2022)

==References==
<references />
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadam, vishwajeet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from Pune]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]

Local extinction

2026-02-19T06:13:16Z

BrockVanhoose67: brief improved information per sources and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Termination of a taxon in a region which it previously inhabited}}
{{For|the excision or surgical destruction of a body part|Surgery}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
'''Local extinction''', also '''extirpation''', is the termination of a [[species]] (or other [[taxon]]) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with [[extinction|global extinctions]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Ladle|editor1-first=Richard |editor2-first=Robert J. |editor2-last=Whittaker |title=Conservation Biogeography|url=https://archive.org/details/conservationbiog00ladl|url-access=limited|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-9811-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/conservationbiog00ladl/page/n72 61]}}</ref><ref name=smithpatten2015>{{cite journal | last1=Smith-Patten | first1=Brenda D. | last2=Bridge | first2=Eli S. | last3=Crawford | first3=Priscilla H. C. | last4=Hough | first4=Daniel J. | last5=Kelly | first5=Jeffrey F. | last6=Patten | first6=Michael A. |display-authors=2| title=Is extinction forever? | journal=[[Public Understanding of Science]] | volume=24 | issue=4 | date=14 January 2015 | pages=481–495 | pmid=25711479 | doi=10.1177/0963662515571489 | pmc=4404403 }}</ref>

Local extinctions mark a change in the [[ecology]] of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with [[wolf reintroduction]].

==Discussion==
{{see also|Biogeography|Metapopulation|Patch dynamics|Habitat fragmentation}}
[[Glacial period|Glaciation]] is one factor that leads to local extinction. This was the case during the [[Quaternary glaciation|Pleistocene glaciation]] event in North America. During this period, most of the native North American species of earthworm were killed in places covered by glaciation. This left them open for colonization by European earthworms brought over in soil from Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gates|first=G. E.|date=May 1949|title=Miscellanea Megadrilogica|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/281596|journal=The American Naturalist|volume=83|issue=810|pages=139–152|doi=10.1086/281596|bibcode=1949ANat...83..139G |s2cid=222328616|issn=0003-0147|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Species naturally become extinct from islands over time; this can be either local extinction if the species also occurs elsewhere, or in cases of [[endemism|island endemism]], outright extinction. The number of species an island can support is limited by its geographical size. Because many islands were relatively recently formed due to climate change at the end of the [[Pleistocene]] when the sea level rose, and these islands most likely had the same complement of species as found on the mainland, counting the species that still survive at present on a statistically large enough number of islands will give the parameters with which certain groups of species such as plants or birds will become less biodiverse on a given island over a given period of time, depending on its size. The same calculations can also be applied to determine when species will disappear from nature parks ('islands' in many senses), mountain tops and mesas (see [[sky island]]s), forest remnants or other such distributional patches. This research also demonstrates that certain species are more prone to extinction than others, a species has an intrinsic extinction-ability (incidence function).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Jared M. |author-link1=Jared Diamond |date=November 1972 |title=Biogeographic Kinetics: Estimation of Relaxation Times for Avifaunas of Southwest Pacific Islands |url=http://jareddiamond.org/Jared_Diamond/Further_Reading_files/Diamond%201972_1.pdf |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA]] |volume=69 |issue=11 |pages=3199–3203 |doi=10.1073/pnas.69.11.3199 |pmid=16592024 |pmc=389735 |bibcode=1972PNAS...69.3199D |access-date=21 November 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Jared M. |author-link1=Jared Diamond |date=1975 |title=The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Srudies for the Design of Natural Reserves |url=http://jareddiamond.org/Jared_Diamond/Further_Reading_files/Diamond%201975.pdf |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=129–146 |doi=10.1016/0006-3207(75)90052-X |bibcode=1975BCons...7..129D |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref>

Some species exploit or require transient or [[disturbance (ecology)|disturbed]] habitats, such as vernal pools, a human gut, or burnt woodland after [[forest fire]]s, and are characterised by highly fluctuating population numbers and shifting distributional patterns. Many natural ecosystems cycle through a standard [[succession (ecology)|succession]], [[pioneer species]] disappear from a region as the ecosystem matures and reaches a [[climax community]].

A local extinction can be useful for research: in the case of the [[bay checkerspot butterfly]], scientists, including [[Paul R. Ehrlich]], chose not to intervene as a population disappeared from an area in order to study the process.<ref name="Holsinger">Holsinger, Kent. "[http://darwin.eeb.uconn.edu/eeb310/lecture-notes/checkerspot/node4.html Local extinction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311042359/http://darwin.eeb.uconn.edu/eeb310/lecture-notes/checkerspot/node4.html |date=2007-03-11 }}". ''Population Viability Analysis: Bay Checkerspot Butterfly''. URL accessed August 11, 2006.</ref>

Many crocodilian species have experienced localized extinction, particularly the [[saltwater crocodile]] (''Crocodylus porosus''), which has been extirpated from Vietnam, Thailand, Java and many other areas.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Webb|first1=Grahame|url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53234109/croc_2.pdf?1495471558=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCroc.pdf&Expires=1617324076&Signature=RWpZNgowvcRiT5~eVvXnNiIu4T-dw9tkY6F5~IspzSAVjJ6E1BdwdQwbRi9ukFVPINwW8-SlFHgjrkICXZmo7PSqDHMdirdfTcVNmVSS2HtCLP7vE3ys3wvSiQlMPCvG0q~kvrEm9gY9V6BMD0mN41ek8JnlWKEk6yRdvsgthCCzW~886ei1uZngRClj33oltALQCo4rfymrxippXRT8Hhomz6JLz-cpYdA~1~w-lz~VcmVjMkArvumOvQ6K3yd6PK-h2nvcU5HFYniQGEMtR-XPLzFcPhOb5VE9kl01Wd2wYhTt3DmO0nrmHAyoQVLb86Jo9LpR8sDD0utKUCWjlw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA|title=Saltwater Crocodile ''Crocodylus porosus''|last2=Manolis|first2=S|last3=Brien|first3=Matthew|publisher=Crocodiles|year=2010|pages=99–113}}{{dead link|date=May 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

[[File:Wolf Canis lupus Wildpark Poing-09.jpg|thumb|''Canis lupus'']]

Major environmental events, such as volcanic eruptions, may lead to large numbers of local extinctions.
[[File:Durvillaea potatorum Bull kelp P2153881.JPG|thumb|Bull Kelp]]
Heat waves can lead to local extinction. In New Zealand, during the summer of 2017–2018, [[sea surface temperature]]s around parts of [[South Island]] exceeded {{convert|23|C|abbr=on}}, which was well above normal. Air temperatures were also high, exceeding {{convert|30|C|abbr=on}}. These high temperatures, coupled with small wave height, led to the local extinction of [[Durvillaea|bull kelp (''Durvillaea'' spp.)]] from [[Lyttelton Harbour#Bays and headlands|Pile Bay]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Thomsen|first1=Mads S. |last2=Mondardini |first2=Luca |last3=Alestra |first3=Tommaso |last4=Gerrity |first4=Shawn |last5=Tait |first5=Leigh |last6=South |first6=Paul M. |last7=Lilley |first7=Stacie A. |last8=Schiel |first8=David R. |name-list-style=amp |date=March 2019 |title=Local Extinction of Bull Kelp (''Durvillaea'' spp.) Due to a Marine Heatwave |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |volume=6 |article-number=84 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2019.00084 |issn=2296-7745 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019FrMaS...6...84T |hdl=10092/16825 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Lagoa Santa, a lake in [[Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais|Lagoa Santa, Brazil]], has lost almost 70% of the local fish species over the last 150 years. These include ''[[Acestrorhynchus lacustris]]'', ''[[Astyanax fasciatus]]'', and ''[[Characidium zebra]]''. This could be caused by the introduction of non-native species, such as ''[[Redbreast tilapia|Tilapia rendalli]]'', into the lagoon, changes in water level and organic pollution.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pompeu|first1=Paulo dos Santos|last2=Alves|first2=Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas|date=December 2003|title=Local fish extinction in a small tropical lake in Brazil|journal=Neotropical Ichthyology|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=133–135|doi=10.1590/S1679-62252003000200008|issn=1679-6225|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Local extinctions can be reversed, in some cases artificially. Wolves are a species that have been [[Reintroduction|reintroduced]] into parts of their historical range. This has happened with red wolves (''[[Red wolf|Canis rufus]]'') in the United States in the late 1980s and also grey wolves in Yellowstone National Park in the mid-1990s. There have been talks of reintroducing wolves in Scotland, Japan, and Mexico.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arts|first1=Koen|last2=Fischer|first2=Anke|last3=Wal|first3=René van der|date=2016|title=Boundaries of the wolf and the wild: a conceptual examination of the relationship between rewilding and animal reintroduction|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12309|journal=Restoration Ecology|language=en|volume=24|issue=1|pages=27–34|doi=10.1111/rec.12309|bibcode=2016ResEc..24...27A |s2cid=86338008|issn=1526-100X|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Subpopulations and stocks==
When the local population of a certain species disappears from a certain geographical delimitation, whether fish in a drying pond or an entire ocean, it can be said to be extirpated or locally extinct in that pond or ocean.

A particular total world population can be more or less arbitrarily divided into 'stocks' or 'subpopulations', defined by political or other geographical delimitations. For example, the Cetacean Specialist Group of the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of the [[Black Sea]] stock of [[harbour porpoise]] (''Phocoena phocoena'') that touches six countries, and [[COSEWIC]], which only assesses the conservation status of wildlife in Canada, even assesses Canadian species that occur in the United States or other countries.

While the IUCN mostly only assesses the global conservation status of species or subspecies, in some older cases it also assessed the risks to certain stocks and populations, in some cases these populations may be genetically distinct. In all, 119 stocks or subpopulations across 69 species had been assessed by the IUCN in 2006.<ref>[[IUCN Red List]], search for only stocks and subpopulations [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_stock=1&Submit.x=0&Submit.y=0&redlistCategory%5B%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B%5D=all&country%5B%5D=all&aquatic%5B%5D=all&regions%5B%5D=all&habitats%5B%5D=all&threats%5B%5D=all]{{Dead link|date=August 2017}}</ref> If a local stock or population becomes extinct, the species as a whole has not become extinct, but extirpated from that local area.

Examples of stocks and subdivisions of world populations assessed separately by the IUCN for their conservation status are:
* [[Marsh deer]] (three populations assessed)
* [[Blue whale]], North Pacific and North Atlantic stocks
* [[Bowhead whale]], ''Balaena mysticetus'' (five populations assessed, from critically endangered to [[LR/cd]])
* [[Lake sturgeon]], ''Acipenser fulvescens'', Mississippi & Missouri Basins population assessed as [[vulnerable species|vulnerable]]
* Wild [[common carp]], ''Cyprinus carpio'' (distribution in the River Danube)
* [[Black-flanked rock-wallaby]] ''Petrogale lateralis'' ([[MacDonnell Ranges]] population and Western Kimberly population)

The IUCN also lists countries where assessed species, subspecies or geographic populations are found, and from which countries they have been extirpated or reintroduced.

==See also==
*[[List of extinct animals]]
*[[Threatened species]]
*[[Extinct in the wild]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Extinction}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Local Extinction}}
[[Category:Extinction]]

Varsha Nair

2026-02-12T03:22:47Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting The Stub Basic Info

{{short description|Indian artist (born 1957)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Varsha Nair
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1957}}
| birth_place = [[Kampala]], Uganda
| education = [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
| known_for = Painting, performance art, feminist art, live art
| notable_works = ''Encounter(s)'' (2006), ''Undercurrent Yangon'' (2014)
| style = Contemporary art, performance art
| movement = Feminist art, Womanifesto
| website =
}}
'''Varsha Nair''' (born 1957) is a [[Ugandan Indians|Ugandan Indian]] painter. Her work explores the concepts of [[Displacement (psychology)|displacement]], home and belonging.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nair, Varsha {{!}} Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Varsha-Nair/8926485B9508BA08 |access-date=2018-03-30 |website=www.mutualart.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Archive |first=Asia Art |title=Interview with Varsha Nair |url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/ideas/ideas/interview-with-varsha-nair |access-date=2018-03-30 |website=aaa.org.hk |language=en}}</ref> Nair lives in [[Vadodara]], India.

== Biography ==
Nair was born in [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.varshanair.studio/about|title=Varsha Nair - About|website=Varsha Nair|language=en|access-date=2018-03-30}}</ref> She was trained in [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] and moved to [[Bangkok]] in 1995 after relocating from [[India]] to [[England]] and back.

She is one of the co-founders of [[Womanifesto]], a feminist art collective and biennial program that was active in Thailand between 1997 and 2008, creating an international artist-led exchange platform in the country.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Asia through art and anthropology : cultural translation across borders|others=Nakamura, Fuyubi, 1974-, Perkins, Morgan,, Krischer, Olivier,, Morphy, Howard,, 中村, 冬日, 1974-|date=5 December 2013|isbn=978-0857854483|location=London|oclc=862112488}}</ref>

Her work has been exhibited in numerous art institutions, including [[Tate Modern]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=ArtAsiaPacific: Still Moving Image |url=http://artasiapacific.com/Magazine/62/StillMovingImage |access-date=2018-03-30 |website=artasiapacific.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tate |title=Mumbai comes to Tate Modern – Press Release |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/press/press-releases/mumbai-comes-tate-modern |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Tate |language=en-GB}}</ref> (London), [[Haus der Kulturen der Welt]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meridian / Urban |url=http://kunstaspekte.art/event/meridian-urban-2011-09 |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=kunstaspekte.de |language=de |archive-date=2022-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326084630/https://kunstaspekte.art/event/meridian-urban-2011-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (Berlin), [[Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subcontingent - The Indian Subcontinent in Contemporary Art |url=http://kunstaspekte.art/event/subcontingent-the-indian-subcontinent-in-contemporary-2006-06 |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=kunstaspekte.de |language=de |archive-date=2022-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326084631/https://kunstaspekte.art/event/subcontingent-the-indian-subcontinent-in-contemporary-2006-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (Turin), [[Art in General]] (New York), Sarajevo Centre of Contemporary Art (Sarajevo), Experimenta Media Arts (Melbourne), [[LASALLE-SIA College of the Arts|LaSalle-SIA College of the Arts]], [[Devi Art Foundation]] (New Delhi), and The Guild Art Gallery ([[Mumbai]]).<ref name=":0" /> She has published her articles in several art publications, including ''[[n.paradoxa]]'', ''Southeast of Now: Directions in Contemporary and Modern Art in Asia'', ''[[ArtAsiaPacific]]'', and ''Ctrl+P Journal of Contemporary Art''.

== Artworks ==
In 2006, Nair staged a series of live interventions titled ''Encounter(s),'' performed at the Turbine Hall in Tate Modern.<ref name=":2" /> She collaborated with [[Tejal Shah]] (from Mumbai) to develop these interventions, in which the artists wore white, embroidered straightjackets, connected to each other by absurdly long sleeves, and lay claim to the vast architectural Turbine Hall.<ref name=":2" /> This work was also performed in numerous other locations, including the [[National Review of Live Art]] festival in Glasgow and the [[Palazzo Carignano]] in [[Turin]], Italy.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.varshanair.studio/encounter-s-2006#5|title=Varsha Nair|last=Nair|first=Varsha|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref>

Her work, ''Undercurrent Yangon'' from 2014, was performed at the People's Park in [[Yangon]], Myanmar.<ref name=":3" /> Vasha Nair also participated in the 2nd Beyond Pressure International Festival of Performance Art in Yangon in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/2nd-beyond-pressure-international-festival-of-performance-art-yangon-myanmar-2009/search/actors:varsha-nair/page/1/view_as/grid|title=2nd Beyond Pressure International Festival of Performance Art: Yangon, Myanmar 2009|website=Asia Art Archive|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Varsha}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian installation artists]]
[[Category:People from Kampala]]
[[Category:Ugandan women artists]]
[[Category:Ugandan painters]]
[[Category:Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian people of Ugandan descent]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Performance artists]]
[[Category:Feminist artists]]
[[Category:Indian women curators]]
[[Category:Indian art writers]]
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]

Indian Army cap badges

2026-02-10T21:18:06Z

BrockVanhoose67: revise

{{Short description|Badges designed on the regimental coat of arms}}

Officers and soldiers of the [[Indian Army]] wear [[cap badge]]s (metallic or embroidered badges) on their [[Military beret|beret]] or [[peaked cap]]s. The design is based on the regimental insignia or coat of arms.

The infantry and the armoured corp regiments wear the unit insignia of their individual regiments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=aXypILxgPrsRM5OuFrtkkw==&ParentID=/7s8hRRNNiirL7Ov0JNLvQ==&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ==|title=Jat Regt Insignia|date= |accessdate=2020-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=qhUCD+gPkwmzpx2JFLb8zg==&ParentID=BWwgeD4yfaz2xtoSK2gBpg==|title=Maratha Li Regt Insignia|date= |accessdate=2020-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://salute.co.in/the-assam-regiment-arunachal-scouts|title=Assam Regt Insignia|date= |accessdate=2020-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/units/389-Ladakh-Scouts.html|title=Ladakh Scouts Insignia|date= |accessdate=2020-08-17}}</ref> Individual regiments or units in other combat arms and the service arms wear the insignia of their corps or arm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/army-aviation-corps-colour-presentation-on-october-10-at-nashik/articleshow/71593284.cms|title=Army Aviation Colour Presentation|website=[[The Times of India]] |date= |accessdate=2020-08-17}}</ref>

Officers of the rank of [[Brigadier]] and above wear embroidered badges having the [[State Emblem of India|Ashoka emblem]] with crossed baton and sword.

==Infantry Regiments==

<gallery>
File:Assam Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Assam Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://salute.co.in/the-assam-regiment-arunachal-scouts/|title=THE ASSAM REGIMENT & ARUNACHAL SCOUTS|date=2017-03-02|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Bihar Regiment.svg|[[Bihar Regiment]]
File:Brigade of the Guards, Indian Army.svg|[[Brigade of the Guards]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Dogra Regiment.svg|[[Dogra Regiment]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Garhwal Rifles, Indian Army.svg|[[Garhwal Rifles]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:The Grenadiers, Indian Army.svg|[[The Grenadiers]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:1st Gorkha rifles Insignia (India).svg|[[1st Gorkha Rifles]]<ref name="Infantry"/>
File:3rd Gorkha Rifles.png|[[3rd Gorkha Rifles]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:4th Gorkha Rifles Logo.svg|[[4th Gorkha Rifles]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:5th Gorkha Rifles.png|[[5th Gorkha Rifles|5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:8th Gorkha rifles Insignia (India).svg|[[8th Gorkha Rifles]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:9th Gorkha Rifles Logo.svg|[[9th Gorkha Rifles]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=3TybXP4uLiCCWS3WuQIkhw==&ParentID=PKSbCmd40Yog4RtsNLO2ZA==&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ== |title=9 Gorkha Rifles |access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>
File:11th Gorkha rifles Insignia (India).svg|[[11th Gorkha Rifles]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assn11gr.org/index.php?do=menu2&lmid=59&banner=yes|title=Brief History of 11Gorkha Rifles/11Gorkha Rifles official Website}}</ref>
File:Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry.svg|[[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry]]<ref name="Infantry">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/infantry-regiments-the-cutting-edge-of-soldiering/0/|title=Infantry Regiments: The cutting edge of Soldiering|date=2018-01-24|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Jammu & Kashmir Rifles.svg|[[Jammu & Kashmir Rifles]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Jat Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Jat Regiment]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Kumaon Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Kumaon Regiment]]<ref name="Kumaon">{{cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp12PLM8C.aspx?MnId=XykgUgeYbGQHLd0k05D+rQ==&ParentID=k130nSw+XyANcYpMln90Qw==|title=Brief history of the Kumaon Regiment|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>
File:Scouts.png|[[Ladakh Scouts]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Madras Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Madras Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=2NywQpd/5WmksZcpCNK1Qg==&ParentID=WkI7/4yVjCaMEC/WP2QtQA==&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ==|title=Crest|date=|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>
File:Mahar Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Mahar Regiment]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Maratha Light Infantry.svg|[[Maratha Light Infantry]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Mechanised Infantry, Indian Army.svg|[[Mechanised Infantry Regiment]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Naga Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Naga Regiment]]<ref name="Kumaon" />
File:Parachute Regiment Insignia (India).svg|[[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]]<ref name="Infantry" />
File:Punjab Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]<ref name="Infantry"/>
File:Rajput Regiment.svg|[[Rajput Regiment]]
File:Rajputana Rifles, Indian Army.svg|[[Rajputana Rifles]]
File:Sikh Light Infantry, Indian Army.svg|[[Sikh Light Infantry]]<ref name="Infantry"/>
File:Sikh Regiment, Indian Army.svg|[[Sikh Regiment]]
</gallery>

==Armoured Corps==

<gallery>
Indian Armoured Corps Insignia (India).svg|[[Indian Army Armoured Corps|Armoured Corps]]{{refn|group=nb|This badge is the generic badge used by the Indian Armoured Corps, and usually worn by soldiers (sowars) before they are assigned to individual units.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hcvv.home.xs4all.nl/milweb/British-India/Cavalry/list-india.html|title=The Regular Armoured Corps Regiments of the Indian Army|access-date=2022-04-21}}</ref>
File:Insignia.jpg|[[9th Horse (Deccan Horse)|9 Horse (Deccan Horse)]]
File:Current_Regimental_Cap_Badge_2014-06-11_06-48.jpg|[[Poona Horse|17 Horse (Poona Horse)]]<ref name="Jackson">{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Donovan|title=India's Army|date=1940|publisher= Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd|isbn=|pages=142–149}}</ref>
File:45 AR.png|[[45th Cavalry (India)|45 Cavalry]]
File:61st Cavalry.svg|[[61st Cavalry (India)|61 Cavalry]]<ref name="Nath2009">{{cite book|last=Nath|first=Ashok|title=Izzat: historical records and iconography of Indian cavalry regiments, 1750-2007|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research, United Service Institution of India|isbn=978-81-902097-7-9|pages=644–646}}</ref>
File:Regt Crest of 62 CAVALRY.jpg|[[62 Cavalry (India)|62 Cavalry]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.collectorbazar.com/item/india-62-cavalry-2006-fdc-belgaum-cancellation-f7839-161638/|title=62 Cav 2006 First Day Cover|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:64 AR.png|[[64th Cavalry (India)|64 Cavalry]]<ref name="Nath2009"/>
File:66 Armoured Regiment.svg|[[66th Armoured Regiment (India)|66 Armoured Regiment]]<ref name="Nath2009"/>
File:67 AR India.svg|[[67th Armoured Regiment (India)|67 Armoured Regiment]]<ref name="Nath2009"/>
File:70 Armoured Regiment.svg|[[70th Armoured Regiment (India)|70 Armoured Regiment]]<ref name="Nath2009"/>
File:81 AR India.svg|[[81st Armoured Regiment (India)|81 Armoured Regiment]]<ref name="Nath2009"/>

</gallery>

==Other Corps==

<gallery>
File:Army Air Defence Corps Insignia (India).svg|[[Corps of Army Air Defence|Army Air Defence]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp9P13C.aspx?MnId=7BmNY6a7QQ9RYMyQik66UA==&ParentID=jEi8+exUlaob3imVMnJcQg==|title=Army Air Defence|date=|access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref>
File:Army Aviation Corps insignia (India).svg|[[Army Aviation Corps (India)|Army Aviation Corps]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/army-aviation-corps-colour-presentation-on-october-10-at-nashik/articleshow/71593284.cms|title=Army Aviation Corps colour presentation on October 10 at Nashik|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=2019-10-15|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Army Dental Corps (India).png|[[Army Dental Corps (India)|Army Dental Corps]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=78th Raising Day Anniversary of Army Dental Corps |url=https://twitter.com/dprohyd/status/1090602675475906566?lang=en |access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Army Education Corps Insignia (India).svg|[[Army Education Corps (India)|Army Education Corps]]
File:Army Medical Corps (India).png|[[Army Medical Corps (India)|Army Medical Corps]]<ref name="Army">{{cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=6OitWf8nhlolG9HMNmsQtg==&ParentID=V6WCSCLv8ffDmyAKkYiMNw==|title=Know Your Army|date=|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Army Ordnance Corps (India).png|[[Army Ordnance Corps (India)|Army Ordnance Corps]]
File:Army Postal Service Insignia (India).svg|[[Army Postal Service (India)|Army Postal Service]]
File:Indian Army Service Corps.png|[[Army Service Corps (India)|Army Service Corps]]
File:Indian EME Insignia.jpg|[[Indian Army Corps of EME|Corps of Electronic and Mechanical Engineers]]
File:Corps of the Engineers (India).png|[[Indian Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/1312032-corps-of-engineers-of-indian-army-celebrated-their-240th-corps-day-t-pune|title=Corps of Engineers of Indian Army celebrated their 240th Corps Day at Pune|date=2020-11-18|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Corps of Military Police.jpg|[[Corps of Military Police (India)|Corps of Military Police]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/adgpi/status/920626826535354368 |title=Corps of Military Police on the occasion of 78th Raising day |date=2017-10-18 |access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:Corps of Signals, Indian Army.png|[[Indian Army Corps of Signals|Corps of Signals]]
File:DSC Insignia.svg|[[Defence Security Corps]]
File:Directorate of Military Intelligence Corps Logo (India).svg|[[Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]]
File:Rashtriya Rifles Logo.svg|[[Rashtriya Rifles]]<ref name="Army" />
File:Regiment of Artillery (India).png|[[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1758983|title=Celebrations of 195th Gunners Day|date=2021-09-28|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
File:RVC logo.jpg|[[Indian Army Remount and Veterinary Corps|Remount and Veterinary Corps]]<ref name="Army" />
</gallery>

==Related organisations==
<gallery>
File:Assam Rifles LOGO.svg|[[Assam Rifles]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.assamrifles.gov.in/english/|title=Assam Rifles|date=|access-date=2022-04-04}}</ref>
File:Territorial Army Crest.svg|[[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]<ref name="Army"/>
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Military insignia]]
[[Category:Indian Army|cap badges]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]

Luangpawn village

2026-02-04T17:09:59Z

BrockVanhoose67: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Luangpawn]]

Sufi Comics

2026-01-31T08:04:13Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting The Entry Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian comic book publisher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sufi Comics
| logo = 
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| genre =
| foundation = 2009
| founder =
| location_city = [[Bangalore]]
| location_country = India
| location =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = Mohammad Arif Vakil, Mohammad Ali Vakil
| industry = [[Publishing]]
| products = [[Comics]]
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent = Sufi Studios
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = http://www.suficomics.com
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}

'''Sufi Comics''' or '''Sufi Studios''' is a [[Bangalore]] based Indian [[comic book]] [[Publishing|publisher]].<ref name="hindu-2011-05-13">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/using-comics-to-explain-islam/article2014214.ece | title=Using comics to explain Islam | work=The Hindu | date=13 May 2011 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref><ref name="guardian-2011-07-17">{{cite web | url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/young-restless/sufi-comics-try-to-help-people-understand-islam | title=Sufi comics try to help people understand Islam | date=17 Jul 2011 | accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref><ref name="dna-2012-11-25">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1769185/report-a-happy-marriage-of-comics-and-spirituality | title=A happy marriage of comics and spirituality | publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd. | date=25 November 2012| accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref> In 2012 it was the first Indian publisher ever to participate at [[San Diego Comic-Con]].<ref name="iprw-2012-07-10">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/books/20120710124740.htm | title=Sufi Studios the first Indian publisher ever to participate in the Comic-Con International at San Diego | publisher=India PRwire | date=10 July 2012 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref>

==Comics==
They have, as of now, published two comics:<ref name="TOI-2012-09-16">{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-16/books/33712853_1_comic-book-graphic-novels-dc-comics | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629123252/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-16/books/33712853_1_comic-book-graphic-novels-dc-comics | url-status=dead | archive-date=29 June 2013 | title=Sufi Comics gain popularity among readers | date=16 September 2012| work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref><ref name="cgwires-2012-11-09">{{cite web | url=http://www.cgwires.com/sufi-comics-launch-their-second-book-the-wise-fool-of-baghdad-at-the-mumbai-film-and-comic-convention/ | title=Sufi Comics launch their second book 'The Wise Fool of Baghdad' at the Mumbai film and Comic Convention | publisher=CG Wires | date=9 November 2012 | accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref>
* first comic book titled ''"40 Sufi Comics"''. The book has been translated into 7 languages including French, German, Indonesian, Norwegian, Russian, Spanish and Tamil.
* second comic book titled ''"The Wise Fool of Baghdad''" with artist Rahil Mohsin
* third comic book titled ''"Rumi Vol.1"'' with artist Rahil Mohsin

The authors of both comics are Mohammed Ali Vakil and Mohammed Arif Vakil. While the first book was written and illustrated by the brothers, the brothers teamed up with Rahil Mohsin, who illustrated the Wise Fool of Baghdad. The comics are short stories taken from Islamic history to illustrate the eternal spiritual truths in the teachings of Islam.<ref name="ct-2012-12-11">{{cite web | url=http://www.cambodiantimes.com/index.php/sid/211307642/cat/b8de8e630faf3631 | title=Sufi Comics now share Islamic stories with the world | publisher=Cambodian Times | date=11 December 2012 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref><ref name="cnn-2012-12-11">{{cite web | url=http://www.chinanationalnews.com/index.php/cat/a1e025da3c02ca7c | title=Sufi Comics now share Islamic stories with the world | publisher=China National News | date=11 December 2012 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref> They are working on 300 plus pages [[graphic novel]] on poems of Sufi poet [[Rumi]].<ref>[http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/sufi-comics-working-on-300-plus-pages-graphic-novel-on-poems-of-sufi-poet-rumi Sufi Comics Working on 300 plus Pages Graphic Novel on Poems of Rumi]</ref>

==Events==
Sufi comics took part in following comics events:
* [[Comic Con India#Mumbai Comic Con 2011|Mumbai Comic Con India 2011 (Express)]], where they released their first comic book titled, ''"40 Sufi Comics"''<ref name="md-2011-10-18">{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2011/oct/181011-Mumbai-guide-Life-in-a-comic-book.htm | title=Life in a comic book | publisher=MiD DAY Infomedia Ltd. | date=2011-10-18 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref>
* [[Comic Con India#Delhi Comic Con 2012|Delhi Comic Con India 2012]],<ref name="iprw-2012-07-10"/><ref name="asianage-2012-02-04">{{cite web | url=http://archive.asianage.com/life-and-style/sufi-comics-draw-spiritual-tales-035 | title=Sufi comics draw on spiritual tales | publisher=The Asian Age | date=4 Feb 2012 | accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref> where they were nominated ''"Best Web/Digital Comic"'' and ''"Best Graphic Anthology"'' categories<ref name="mxmindia-2012-02">{{cite web | url=http://www.mxmindia.com/2013/02/comics-are-serious-business-at-2nd-comic-con-india-awards/ | title=Comics are serious business at 2nd Comic Con India awards | publisher=MXM India Private Limited | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref>
* [[San Diego Comic-Con]] 2012<ref name="iprw-2012-07-10"/><ref name="TOI-2012-09-16"/><ref name="cgwires-2012-11-09"/><ref name="National-2012-12-12">{{cite web | url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/south-asia/sufi-comics-now-share-islamic-stories-with-the-world | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130627160831/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/south-asia/sufi-comics-now-share-islamic-stories-with-the-world | url-status=dead | archive-date=27 June 2013 | title=Sufi Comics now share Islamic stories with the world | publisher=The National | date=12 Dec 2012 | accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref>
* [[Comic Con India#Bangalore Comic Con 2012|Bangalore Comic Con 2012 (Express)]], where they released their second comic book titled, ''"The Wise Fool of Baghdad"''<ref name="TOI-2012-09-16"/>
** On 28 July [[Comic Con India]] in association with Mocha (Coffees & Conversations) organised a ''"Special Session With Sufi Comics"'' was organized as a setting-stage event for Comic Con Express Bengaluru<ref name="the080-2012-07-28">{{cite web | url=http://www.the080.com/events/Comic-Con-India-Mocha-Present-A-Special-Session-With-Sufi-Comics-2012-07-28-Koramangala-bangalore-id-10095.html | title=Comic-Con-India-Mocha-Present-A-Special-Session-With-Sufi-Comics | publisher=the080.com | date=2012-07-28 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref><ref name="ag-2012-07">{{cite web | url=http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=EvAw&PID=28#sthash.NKreyoF7.w1tVcxso.dpbs | title=Comic Con India presents an exclusive workshop-Sufi Comics-July 28,Saturday | publisher=Animation Galaxy | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref>
* [[Comic Con India#Mumbai film and Comic Convention 2012|Mumbai film and Comic Convention 2012]], where they launched their second comic book titled, ''"The Wise Fool of Baghdad"''<ref name="cgwires-2012-11-09"/>
* [[Comic Con India#Free Comic Book Weekend 2013|Free Comic Book Weekend 2013]]<ref name="medianama-2013-05-02">{{cite web | url=http://www.medianama.com/2013/05/223-readwhere-comics/ | title=Readwhere Partners Comic Con India To Offer Free Digital Comics | publisher=MixedBag Media Pvt. Ltd. | date=2 May 2013 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}</ref><ref name="HT-2013-05-11">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/BooksSectionPage/Free-for-all/Article1-1058698.aspx | title=Free for all | date=11 May 2013 | accessdate=2013-06-04 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110083433/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/BooksSectionPage/Free-for-all/Article1-1058698.aspx | archivedate=10 November 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Comic Con India#Bangalore Comic Con 2013|Bangalore Comic Con 2013]]<ref name="Hindu-2013-06-03">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/welcome-to-geek-central/article4778122.ece | title=Welcome to geek central | work=The Hindu | date=3 June 2013 | accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref>

===Gallery===
<gallery>
File:Comic Con 2012 Bangalore - Sufi Comics.jpg|Sufi Comics at Bangalore Comic Con 2012
File:Comic Con 2013 Bangalore - Sufi Comics.jpg|Sufi Comics at Bangalore Comic Con 2013
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal||Comics}}
* [http://www.suficomics.com Sufi Comics Official Website]
* [http://www.vakil.org Arif & Ali's Blog]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=tKqduAAACAAJ&q=40+Sufi+Comics 40 Sufi Comics] @ [[Googlebooks]]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=LdCQkgEACAAJ The Wise Fool of Baghdad] @ [[Googlebooks]]
* [http://freepressjournal.in/book-briefs-9/ Sufi Comics] @ [[Free Press Journal]]
* [http://www.deccanherald.com/content/431184/039you-see-more-adults-comic] @ [[Deccan Herald]]
* [https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/in-sufi-comics-rumi-the-persian-poet-s-life-and-verses-get-the-comic-book-treatment-1.235248] @ [[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]

[[Category:Publishing companies established in 2009]]
[[Category:Comic book publishing companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of India]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Publishing companies of India]]

Election schedule of the 2024 Indian general election

2026-01-27T20:13:07Z

BrockVanhoose67: Started new stub...

{{Short description|Indian lower house election schedule}}
[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Election Schedule.svg|thumb|alt=2024 Lok Sabha Election Schedule|280px|'''2024 Lok Sabha Election Schedule''']]
This is the detailed '''election schedule of the [[2024 Indian general election]]'''.

== Schedule ==
The election schedule for the [[18th Lok Sabha]] was announced by the [[Election Commission of India]] on 16 March 2024 and with it the [[Model Code of Conduct]] came into effect.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schedule of Elections |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/press-note-no-23.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418055529/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/press-note-no-23.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2024 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Election 2024: All dates, full schedule, constituency-wise details, all you need to know |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-election-2024-dates-phase-wise-schedule-constituency-wise-details-all-you-need-to-know-2515626-2024-03-16 |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=13 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413145031/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-election-2024-dates-phase-wise-schedule-constituency-wise-details-all-you-need-to-know-2515626-2024-03-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Anand |first=Nisha |date=17 March 2024 |title=Model Code of Conduct kicks in as election schedule announced: What is it? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/elections/lok-sabha-election/lok-sabha-polls-schedule-kicks-in-model-code-of-conduct-what-is-it-124031600324_1.html |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=1 June 2024 }}</ref> The tenure of the [[17th Lok Sabha]] was scheduled to end on 16 June 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Union Parliament: Term of Office/House|url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|access-date=12 September 2023|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Date summary===
{{Table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable defaultcenter" style="font-size: 90%"
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
! colspan="7" |Phase
|-
! style="background: #FFFACD" |1
! style="background: #87CEFA" |2
! style="background: #7B68EE" |3
! style="background: #E9967A" |4
! style="background: #DB7093" |5
! style="background: #6495ED" |6
! style="background: #9ACD32" |7
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|26 April
|29 April
|7 May
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|3 May
|6 May
|14 May
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|4 May
|7 May
|15 May
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Last date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|6 May
|9 May
|17 May
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|'''25 May'''
|'''1 June'''
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Date of counting of votes
|colspan="7" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!style="text-align:left"|No. of constituencies
!{{frac|101|1|2}}{{Efn|name="Outer Manipur"}}
!{{frac|87|1|2}}{{Efn|name="Outer Manipur"}}
!94
!96
!49
!58
!57
|}
{{clear}}

===Seat summary===
{{Table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left sortable" style="font-size: 90%"
|+Phase-wise polling constituencies in each state
! rowspan="3" |State/Union territory
! rowspan="3" |Total constituencies
! colspan="7" |Election dates and number of constituencies
|-
!Phase 1
!Phase 2
!Phase 3
!Phase 4
!Phase 5
!Phase 6
!Phase 7
|-
! class="unsortable" | 19 April
! class="unsortable" | 26 April
! class="unsortable" | 7 May
! class="unsortable" | 13 May
! class="unsortable" | 20 May
! class="unsortable" | 25 May
! class="unsortable" | 1 June
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
|25
|
|
|
|25
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
|2
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]]
|14
|5
|5
|4
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]]
|40
|4
|5
|5
|5
|5
| 8
| 8
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
|11
|1
|3
|7
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]]
|2
|
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
|26
|
|
|26
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]
|10
|
|
|
|
|
|10
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
|4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|4
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
|14
|
|
|
|4
|3
|4
|3
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
|28
|
|14
|14
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]
|20
|
|20
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
|29
|6
|6{{Efn|name="Betul"|group="schedule"|Polling in [[Betul Lok Sabha constituency|Betul]] constituency in Madhya Pradesh was rescheduled from 26 April 2024 (Phase 2) to 7 May 2024 (Phase 3) due to death of [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] candidate.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2024 |title=After BSP candidate death, polls in Madhya Pradesh's Betul to be held on May 7 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-bsp-candidate-death-polls-in-madhya-pradeshs-betul-to-be-held-on-may-7/articleshow/109205907.cms |access-date=12 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411013210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-bsp-candidate-death-polls-in-madhya-pradeshs-betul-to-be-held-on-may-7/articleshow/109205907.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|9{{Efn|name="Betul"|group="schedule"}}
|8
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
|48
|5
|8
|11
|11
|13
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]]
|2
|{{frac|1|1|2}}{{Efn|name="Outer Manipur"|group="schedule"|Polling in [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] constituency in Manipur was scheduled in two phases.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 April 2024 |title=Violence-Hit Outer Manipur Lok Sabha Seat To Vote In 2 Phases |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/outer-manipur-lok-sabha-seat-violence-vote-in-two-phases-first-phase-check-dates-1680979 |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=ABP live |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421145547/https://news.abplive.com/elections/outer-manipur-lok-sabha-seat-violence-vote-in-two-phases-first-phase-check-dates-1680979 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|{{frac|1|2}}{{Efn|name="Outer Manipur"|group="schedule"}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
|2
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Mizoram|Mizoram]]
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Nagaland|Nagaland]]
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Odisha|Odisha]]
|21
|
|
|
|4
|5
|6
|6
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]]
|13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|13
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
|25
|12
|13
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Sikkim|Sikkim]]
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
|39
|39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Telangana|Telangana]]
|17
|
|
|
|17
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Tripura|Tripura]]
|2
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
|80
|8
|8
|10
|13
|14
|14
|13
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|5
|5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
|42
|3
|3
|4
|8
|7
|8
|9
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]]
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
|2
|
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Delhi|Delhi]]
|7
|
|
|
|
|
|7
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|5
|1
|1
|
|1
|1
|1{{Efn|name="Anantnag-Rajouri"|group="schedule"|Polling in [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]] constituency in Jammu and Kashmir was rescheduled from 7 May 2024 (Phase 3) to 25 May 2024 (Phase 6) due to weather conditions.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 2024 |title=Election to Anantnag-Rajouri LS seat deferred to May 25 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/election-to-anantnag-rajouri-ls-seat-deferred-to-may-25-101714499915222.html |access-date=2 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502030621/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/election-to-anantnag-rajouri-ls-seat-deferred-to-may-25-101714499915222.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Ladakh|Ladakh]]
|1
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]]
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Puducherry|Puducherry]]
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Total constituencies
!543
!{{frac|101|1|2}}
!{{frac|87|1|2}}
!94
!96
!49
!58
!57
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Total constituencies by end of phase
!–
!{{frac|101|1|2}}
!189
!284
!379
!428
!486
!543
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Percentage complete by end of phase
!–
!18.7
!34.8
!52.3
!69.8
!78.8
!89.5
!100
|}
{{Notelist|group="schedule"}}
{{clear}}

== Andaman and Nicobar Islands ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;"
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Andhra Pradesh ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|-
!Notification date
|18 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|25 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|26 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|29 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''13 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|25
|}

== Arunachal Pradesh ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|2
|}

== Assam ==
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="3" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="3" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|5
|5
|4
|}

== Bihar ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in Bihar schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Bihar]] ]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!colspan=7|Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|bgcolor=#6495ED|VI
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|VII
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|26 April
|29 April
|7 May
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|28 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|3 May
|6 May
|14 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|30 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|4 May
|7 May
|15 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|02 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|6 May
|9 May
|17 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|'''25 May'''
|'''1 June'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="7" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|4
|5
|5
|5
|5
|8
|8
|}

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;
|+Constituencies in each phase

!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Bihar Lok Sabha election dates 2024: Polling to be held in 7 phases; check schedule, constituency-wise details |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/bihar/bihar-lok-sabha-election-dates-2024-polling-to-be-held-in-7-phases-from-april-19-to-june-1-article-12471101.html |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
!Voter turnout (%)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voter turnout of 66.14% in phase 1 and 66.71% in phase 2 recorded in General Elections 2024 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2019225 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502200656/https://pib.gov.in/ErrorPage.html?aspxerrorpath=/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
!I
|19 April
|[[Aurangabad, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]], [[Gaya Lok Sabha constituency|Gaya]], [[Nawada Lok Sabha constituency|Nawada]], [[Jamui Lok Sabha constituency|Jamui]]
|49.26%
|-
!II
|26 April
|[[Kishanganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kishanganj]], [[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]], [[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Katihar]], [[Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bhagalpur]], [[Banka Lok Sabha constituency|Banka]]
|59.45%
|-
!III
|7 May
|[[Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jhanjarpur]], [[Supaul Lok Sabha constituency|Supaul]], [[Araria Lok Sabha constituency|Araria]], [[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]], [[Khagaria Lok Sabha constituency|Khagaria]]
|
|-
!IV
|13 May
|[[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]], [[Ujiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Ujiarpur]], [[Samastipur Lok Sabha constituency|Samastipur]], [[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai]], [[Munger Lok Sabha constituency|Munger]]
|
|-
!V
|20 May
|[[Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sitamarhi]], [[Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency|Madhubani]], [[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]], [[Saran Lok Sabha constituency|Saran]], [[Hajipur Lok Sabha constituency|Hajipur]]
|
|-
!VI
|25 May
|[[Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Valmiki Nagar]], [[Paschim Champaran Lok Sabha constituency|Paschim Champaran]], [[Purvi Champaran Lok Sabha constituency|Purvi Champaran]], [[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]], [[Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency|Vaishali]], [[Gopalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Gopalganj]], [[Siwan Lok Sabha constituency|Siwan]], [[Maharajganj, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj]]
|
|-
!VII
|1 June
|[[Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalanda]], [[Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency|Patna Sahib]], [[Pataliputra Lok Sabha constituency|Pataliputra]], [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]], [[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]], [[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram]], [[Karakat Lok Sabha constituency|Karakat]], [[Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Jahanabad]]
|
|-
|}

== Chandigarh ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|VII
|-
!Notification date
|7 May
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|14 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|15 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|17 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''1 June'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Chhattisgarh ==

On 16 March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule of the 2024 Indian general election, with [[Chhattisgarh]] scheduled to vote during the first 3 phases starting from 19 April and concluding on 7 May 2024.

[[File:2024 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh schedule.svg|230x230px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] {{color box|#FFFACD}} Phase 1

{{color box|#87CEFA}} Phase 2{{color box|#7B68EE}} Phase 3]]

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="3" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="3" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|3
|7
|}

== Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#7B68EE" |III
|-
!Notification date
|12 April 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|19 April 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|20 April 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|22 April 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''7 May 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|2
|}

== Delhi ==

On 16 March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule of the [[2024 Indian general election]], with Delhi scheduled to vote during the 6th phase on 25 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha Polls Date, Result 2024: When will voting take place in Delhi, Mumbai? |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/lok-sabha-election-date-results-2024-delhi-to-vote-in-single-phase-on-may-25-mumbai-to-go-to-polls-in-2-phases-details-11710581204028.html |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#6495ED" |VI
|-
!Notification date
|29 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|6 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|7 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|9 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''25 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|7
|}

== Goa ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#7B68EE" |III
|-
!Notification date
|12 April 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|19 April 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|20 April 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|22 April 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''7 May 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|2
|}

== Gujarat ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|-
!Notification date
|12 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|19 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|20 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|22 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''7 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|26
|}

== Haryana ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#6495ED|VI
|-
!Notification date
|29 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|6 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|7 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|9 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''25 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|10
|}

== Himachal Pradesh ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|VII
|-
!Notification date
|7 May
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|14 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|15 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|17 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''1 June'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|4
|}

== Jammu and Kashmir ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="5" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|26 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|3 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|4 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|6 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''25 May'''{{Efn|name="Anantnag-Rajouri"|group="schedule"|Polling in [[Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag-Rajouri]] constituency in J&K was rescheduled from 7 May 2024 (Phase 3) to 25 May 2024 (Phase 6) due to weather conditions.}}
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="5" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|}
===Constituencies in phases===
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;;
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Lok Sabha Election 2024: Schedule, Phases, Seats, Parties, and Key Players |url=https://y20india.in/west-bengal-lok-sabha-elections-2024-schedule/ |website=Y20 India}}</ref>
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!I
|19 April
|[[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]
|68.27 %<ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=2024-04-19 |title=11.07 lakh votes cast as Udhampur-Doda seat records 68.27 pc turnout in peaceful Phase-I polling |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/11-07-lakh-votes-cast-as-udhampur-doda-seat-records-68-27-pc-turnout-in-peaceful-phase-i-polling/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CEO UT OF J&K |url=https://x.com/ceo_UTJK/status/1781394232705450341 |website=X}}</ref>
|-
!II
|26 April
|[[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
|72.22%
|-
!IV
|13 May
|[[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]
|
|-
!V
|20 May
|[[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]]
|
|-
!VI
|25 May
|[[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]]
|
|}

== Jharkhand ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand schedule.svg|230x230px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Jharkhand]]
]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="4" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|bgcolor=#6495ED|VI
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|VII
|-
!Notification date
|18 April
|26 April
|29 April
|7 May
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|25 April
|3 May
|6 May
|14 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|26 April
|4 May
|7 May
|15 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|29 April
|6 May
|9 May
|17 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|'''25 May'''
|'''1 June'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="4" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|4
|3
|4
|3
|}

== Karnataka ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in Karnataka schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Karnataka]] ]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="2" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|-
!Notification date
|28 March
|12 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|4 April
|19 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|5 April
|20 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|8 April
|22 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|14
|14
|}

===Constituencies in phases===

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;;
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!II
|26 April 2024
|Udupi Chikmagalur, Hassan, Dakshina Kannada, Chitradurga, Tumkur, Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagar, Bangalore Rural, Bangalore North, Bangalore Central, Bangalore South, Chikkballapur, Kolar
|69.56%
|-
!III
|7 May 2024
|Chikkodi, Belgaum, Bagalkot, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Raichur, Bidar, Koppal, Bellary, Haveri, Dharwad, Uttara Kannada, Davanagere, Shimoga
|
|-
|}

== Kerala ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! colspan=2|Poll event
|-
!Phase
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|-
!Notification date
|28 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|04 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|05 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|08 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''26 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''04 June'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|20
|}

== Ladakh ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|-
!Notification date
|26 April 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|3 May 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|4 May 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|6 May 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''20 May 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|}

== Lakshadweep ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;"
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Madhya Pradesh ==

On 16th March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule for the [[2024 Indian general election]], with [[Madhya Pradesh]] scheduled to vote during the first four phases on 19, 26 April, 7 and 13 May.
[[File:2024 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], along with the voter turnout for each phase. {{colorbox|#FFFACD}} Phase 1 {{colorbox|#87CEFA}} Phase 2
{{colorbox|#7B68EE}} Phase 3 {{colorbox|#E9967A}} Phase 4
]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="4" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|'''13 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="4" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|6
|6
|9
|8
|}

== Maharashtra ==
On 16th March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule for the 2024 Indian general election, with Maharashtra scheduled to vote during the first five phases on 19, 26 April, 7, 13 and 20 May.
[[File:2024_Indian_general_election_in_Maharashtra_schedule.svg|left|thumb|300x300px|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Maharashtra]]

{{colorbox|#FFFACD}} Phase I{{colorbox|#87CEFA}} Phase II

{{colorbox|#7B68EE}} Phase III{{colorbox|#E9967A}} Phase IV

{{colorbox|#DB7093}} Phase V]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;"
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
! colspan="5" |Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
| bgcolor="#87CEFA" |II
| bgcolor="#7B68EE" |III
| bgcolor="#E9967A" |IV
| bgcolor="#DB7093" |V
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|26 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|3 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|4 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|6 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="5" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|5
|8
|11
|11
|13
|}

=== Constituencies in each phase ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;;"
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Bihar Lok Sabha election dates 2024: Polling to be held in 7 phases; check schedule, constituency-wise details |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/bihar/bihar-lok-sabha-election-dates-2024-polling-to-be-held-in-7-phases-from-april-19-to-june-1-article-12471101.html |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!I
|19 April
|[[Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency|Ramtek]], [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur]], [[Bhandara–Gondiya Lok Sabha constituency|Bhandara–Gondiya]], [[Gadchiroli–Chimur Lok Sabha constituency|Gadchiroli–Chimur]], [[Chandrapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chandrapur]]
|63.71%
|-
!II
|26 April
|[[Buldhana Lok Sabha constituency|Buldhana]], [[Akola Lok Sabha constituency|Akola]], [[Amravati Lok Sabha constituency|Amravati]], [[Wardha Lok Sabha constituency|Wardha]], [[Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency|Yavatmal–Washim]], [[Hingoli Lok Sabha constituency|Hingoli]], [[Nanded Lok Sabha constituency|Nanded]], [[Parbhani Lok Sabha constituency|Parbhani]]
|62.71%
|-
!III
|7 May
|[[Raigad Lok Sabha constituency|Raigad]], [[Baramati Lok Sabha constituency|Baramati]], [[Osmanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Osmanabad]], [[Latur Lok Sabha constituency|Latur]], [[Solapur Lok Sabha constituency|Solapur]], [[Madha Lok Sabha constituency|Madha]], [[Sangli Lok Sabha constituency|Sangli]], [[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]], [[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency|Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg]], [[Kolhapur Lok Sabha constituency|Kolhapur]], [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency|Hatkanangle]]
|61.05%
|-
!IV
|13 May
|[[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]], [[Jalgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Jalgaon]], [[Raver Lok Sabha constituency|Raver]], [[Jalna Lok Sabha constituency|Jalna]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]], [[Maval Lok Sabha constituency|Maval]], [[Pune Lok Sabha constituency|Pune]], [[Shirur Lok Sabha constituency|Shirur]], [[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmednagar]], [[Shirdi Lok Sabha constituency|Shirdi]], [[Beed Lok Sabha constituency|Beed]]
|
|-
!V
|20 May
|[[Dhule Lok Sabha constituency|Dhule]], [[Dindori Lok Sabha constituency|Dindori]], [[Nashik Lok Sabha constituency|Nashik]], [[Palghar Lok Sabha constituency|Palghar]], [[Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency|Bhiwandi]], [[Kalyan Lok Sabha constituency|Kalyan]], [[Thane Lok Sabha constituency|Thane]], [[Mumbai North Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North]], [[Mumbai North West Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North West]], [[Mumbai North East Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North East]], [[Mumbai North Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North Central]], [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South Central]], [[Mumbai South Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South]]
|
|}

== Manipur ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
! colspan="2" |Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
| bgcolor="#87CEFA" |II
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|{{frac|1|1|2}}{{Efn|Polling in [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] constituency in Manipur was scheduled in two phases.|name="Outer Manipur"|group="schedule"}}
|{{frac|1|2}}{{Efn|name="Outer Manipur"|group="schedule"}}
|}

== Meghalaya ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|2
|}

== Mizoram ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Nagaland ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Odisha ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in Odisha schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Schedule of 2024 Indian general election in Odisha for each constituency]]

===Constituencies wise poll dates===
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
! Phase
! Date
! Constituencies
|-
!IV
!13 May
|[[Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency|Kalahandi]], [[Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nabarangpur (ST)]], [[Berhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Berhampur]], [[Koraput Lok Sabha constituency|Koraput (ST)]]
|-
!V
!20 May
|[[Bargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Bargarh]], [[Sundargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sundargarh (ST)]], [[Bolangir Lok Sabha constituency|Bolangir]], [[Kandhamal Lok Sabha constituency|Kandhamal]], [[Aska Lok Sabha constituency|Aska]]
|-
!VI
!25 May
|[[Sambalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sambalpur]], [[Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency|Keonjhar (ST)]], [[Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]], [[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]], [[Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhubaneswar]]
|-
!VII
!1 June
|[[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency|Mayurbhanj (ST)]], [[Balasore Lok Sabha constituency|Balasore]], [[Bhadrak Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadrak (SC)]], [[Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jajpur (SC)]], [[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]], [[Jagatsinghpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jagatsinghpur (SC)]]
|}

== Puducherry ==
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Punjab ==
The election schedule was announced by [[Election Commission of India]] on 16 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Model Code of Conduct comes into force for 2024 Lok Sabha elections: What does it mean? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/model-code-of-conduct-meaning-9217638/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The elections are to be held in seven phases throughout the country, with Punjab in the last phase.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha election 2024: Punjab, Himachal to vote in last phase, Haryana on May 25 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/lok-sabha-election-2024-punjab-himachal-to-vote-in-last-phase-haryana-on-may-25-101710588113635.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|VII
|-
!Notification date
|7 May
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|14 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|15 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|17 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''1 June'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|13
|}

== Rajasthan ==
On 16 March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule for the [[2024 Indian general election]], with [[Rajasthan]] scheduled to vote during the first two phases on 19 April and 26 April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha elections to be held in two phases in Rajasthan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-to-be-held-in-two-phases-in-rajasthan-101710601981935.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:2024_Indian_general_election_in_Rajasthan_schedule.svg|left|thumb|230x230px|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Rajasthan]]

{{color box|#FFFACD}} Phase 1{{color box|#87CEFA}} Phase 2]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
! colspan="2" |Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
| bgcolor="#87CEFA" |II
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|12
|13
|}

=== Constituencies in each phase ===
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!I
|19 April
|[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ganganagar]], [[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]], [[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]], [[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]], [[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]], [[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur Rural]], [[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur]], [[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency|Alwar]], [[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency|Karauli–Dholpur]], [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]], [[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]
|57.65%
|-
!II
|26 April
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]], [[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]], [[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali]], [[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]], [[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]], [[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]], [[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]], [[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]], [[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]], [[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]], [[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]], [[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]], [[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|65.03%
|}

== Sikkim ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Tamil Nadu ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|39
|}

== Telangana ==
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#E9967A" |IV
|-
!Notification date
|18 April 2024
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|25 April 2024
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|26 April 2024
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|29 April 2024
|-
!Date of poll
|'''13 May 2024'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|17
|}

== Tripura ==

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="2" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|1
|}

=== Constituencies in phases ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;;"
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!I
|19 April 2024
|[[Tripura West Lok Sabha constituency|Tripura West]]
|
|-
!II
|26 April 2024
|[[Tripura East Lok Sabha constituency|Tripura East]]
|
|}

== Uttar Pradesh ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in UP schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Schedule of 2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh for each constituency]]

===Constituencies wise poll dates===
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
! Phase
! Date
! Constituencies
|-
!I
!19 April
|[[Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Saharanpur]], [[Kairana Lok Sabha constituency|Kairana]], [[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarnagar]], [[Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency|Bijnor]], [[Nagina Lok Sabha constituency|Nagina]], [[Moradabad Lok Sabha constituency|Moradabad]], [[Rampur Lok Sabha constituency|Rampur]], [[Pilibhit Lok Sabha constituency|Pilibhit]]
|-
!II
!26 April
|[[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency|Amroha]], [[Meerut Lok Sabha constituency|Meerut]], [[Baghpat Lok Sabha constituency|Baghpat]], [[Ghaziabad Lok Sabha constituency|Ghaziabad]], [[Gautam Buddha Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gautam Buddha Nagar]], [[Bulandshahr Lok Sabha constituency|Bulandshahr]], [[Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency|Aligarh]], [[Mathura Lok Sabha constituency|Mathura]]
|-
!III
!7 May
|[[Sambhal Lok Sabha constituency|Sambhal]], [[Hathras Lok Sabha constituency|Hathras]], [[Agra Lok Sabha constituency|Agra]], [[Fatehpur Sikri Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Firozabad Lok Sabha constituency|Firozabad]], [[Mainpuri Lok Sabha constituency|Mainpuri]], [[Etah Lok Sabha constituency|Etah]], [[Badaun Lok Sabha constituency|Badaun]], [[Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency|Bareilly]], [[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency|Aonla]]
|-
!IV
!13 May
|[[Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Shahjahanpur]], [[Kheri Lok Sabha constituency|Kheri]], [[Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency|Dhaurahra]], [[Sitapur Lok Sabha constituency|Sitapur]], [[Hardoi Lok Sabha constituency|Hardoi]], [[Misrikh Lok Sabha constituency|Misrikh]], [[Unnao Lok Sabha constituency|Unnao]], [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]], [[Etawah Lok Sabha constituency|Etawah]], [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]], [[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]], [[Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Akbarpur]], [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]]
|-
!V
!20 May
|[[Mohanlalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Mohanlalganj]], [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]], [[Raebareli Lok Sabha constituency|Raebareli]], [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]], [[Jalaun Lok Sabha constituency|Jalaun]], [[Jhansi Lok Sabha constituency|Jhansi]], [[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]], [[Banda Lok Sabha constituency|Banda]], [[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur]], [[Kaushambi Lok Sabha constituency|Kaushambi]], [[Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency|Barabanki]], [[Faizabad Lok Sabha constituency|Faizabad]], [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]], [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency|Gonda]],
|-
!VI
!25 May
|[[Sultanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sultanpur]], [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]], [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency|Phulpur]], [[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]], [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ambedkar Nagar]], [[Shravasti Lok Sabha constituency|Shravasti]], [[Domariyaganj Lok Sabha constituency|Domariyaganj]], [[Basti Lok Sabha constituency|Basti]], [[Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Sant Kabir Nagar]], [[Lalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Lalganj]], [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]], [[Jaunpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaunpur]], [[Machhlishahr Lok Sabha constituency|Machhlishahr]], [[Bhadohi Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadohi]]
|-
!VII
!1 June
|[[Maharajganj, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj]], [[Gorakhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Gorakhpur]], [[Kushinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Kushinagar]], [[Deoria Lok Sabha constituency|Deoria]], [[Bansgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bansgaon]], [[Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency|Ghosi]], [[Salempur Lok Sabha constituency|Salempur]], [[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency|Ballia]], [[Ghazipur Lok Sabha constituency|Ghazipur]], [[Chandauli Lok Sabha constituency|Chandauli]], [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]], [[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mirzapur]], [[Robertsganj Lok Sabha constituency|Robertsganj]]
|}

== Uttarakhand ==

The election schedule was announced by the [[Election Commission of India]] on 16 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha polls from April 19 to June 1, results on June 4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-election-polls-dates-full-schedule-2515706-2024-03-16 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-03 |title=Lok Sabha Election Date 2024: Seven-phase voting to begin from April 19, results on June 4; check dates, phases and other details |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/lok-sabha-election-date-2024-election-commission-of-india-eci-announced-lok-sabha-voting-result-date-time-phase-wise-full-schedule-today-latest-updates/articleshow/108543495.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|5
|}

== West Bengal ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in WB schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[West Bengal]] ]]

On 16 March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule of the [[2024 Indian general election]], with [[West Bengal]] scheduled to vote during all the 7 phases starting from 19 April and concluding on 1 June. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Sanchari |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha election 2024 date announcement: Bengal to vote in 7 phases |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024-date-announcement-west-bengal-to-vote-on-7-phases-check-dates-other-details-here-11710571861420.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election 2024 West Bengal Full Schedule: Know Dates, Seats And Parties |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/general-election-2024-west-bengal-schedule-all-you-need-to-know-5260504 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
!colspan=7|Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|bgcolor=#6495ED|VI
|bgcolor=#9ACD32|VII
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|26 April
|29 April
|7 May
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|3 May
|6 May
|14 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|4 May
|7 May
|15 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|6 May
|9 May
|17 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|'''25 May'''
|'''1 June'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="7" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|3
|3
|4
|8
|7
|8
|9
|}

===Constituencies in phases===
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;;
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Lok Sabha Election 2024: Schedule, Phases, Seats, Parties, and Key Players |url=https://y20india.in/west-bengal-lok-sabha-elections-2024-schedule/ |website=Y20 India}}</ref>
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!I
|19 April
|[[Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency|Cooch Behar]], [[Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency|Alipurduars]], [[Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency|Jalpaiguri]]
|81.91%
|-
!II
|26 April
|[[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency|Darjeeling]], [[Raiganj Lok Sabha constituency|Raiganj]], [[Balurghat Lok Sabha constituency|Balurghat]]
|76.58%
|-
!III
|7 May
|[[Maldaha Uttar Lok Sabha constituency|Maldaha Uttar]], [[Maldaha Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency|Maldaha Dakshin]], [[Jangipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jangipur]], [[Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency|Murshidabad]]
|73.96%
|-
!IV
|13 May
|[[Baharampur Lok Sabha constituency|Baharampur]], [[Krishnanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnanagar]], [[Ranaghat Lok Sabha constituency|Ranaghat]], [[Bardhaman Purba Lok Sabha constituency|Bardhaman Purba]], [[Bardhaman–Durgapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bardhaman–Durgapur]], [[Asansol Lok Sabha constituency|Asansol]], [[Bolpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bolpur]], [[Birbhum Lok Sabha constituency|Birbhum]]
|
|-
!V
|20 May
|[[Bongaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bongaon]], [[Barrackpore Lok Sabha constituency|Barrackpore]], [[Howrah Lok Sabha constituency|Howrah]], [[Uluberia Lok Sabha constituency|Uluberia]], [[Serampore Lok Sabha constituency|Serampore]], [[Hooghly Lok Sabha constituency|Hooghly]], [[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency|Arambagh]]
|
|-
!VI
|25 May
|[[Tamluk Lok Sabha constituency|Tamluk]], [[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency|Kanthi]], [[Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency|Ghatal]], [[Jhargram Lok Sabha constituency|Jhargram]], [[Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency|Medinipur]], [[Purulia Lok Sabha constituency|Purulia]], [[Bankura Lok Sabha constituency|Bankura]], [[Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency|Bishnupur]]
|
|-
!VII
|1 June
|[[Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency|Dum Dum]], [[Barasat Lok Sabha constituency|Barasat]], [[Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency|Basirhat]], [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jaynagar]], [[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mathurapur]], [[Diamond Harbour Lok Sabha constituency|Diamond Harbour]], [[Jadavpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jadavpur]], [[Kolkata Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency|Kolkata Dakshin]], [[Kolkata Uttar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolkata Uttar]]
|
|-
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2024 Indian general election]]

Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-01-22T20:01:32Z

BrockVanhoose67: new initial pg nd citations.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Other uses|Pratapgarh Assembly constituency (disambiguation){{!}}Pratapgarh Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pratapgarh
| map_image = 248-Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Rajendra Kumar Maurya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Rajkumar Pal]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,55,158
| constituency_no = 248
}}

'''Pratapgarh''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Pratapgarh in the [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Pratapgarh is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 248 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Pratapgarh Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/pratapgarh.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="3" |Ajit Pratap Singh
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Sangamlal Shukla
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Lal Pratap Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Sangamlal Shukla
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Brijesh Kumar Sharma
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Lal Bahadur Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Chandra Nath Singh
|-
|2000^
|Abdul Salam
|style="background-color: {{party color|Apna Dal}}" |
|[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|Hari Pratap Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Sanjay Tripathi
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Nagendra Singh Yadav]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Sangam Lal Gupta]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Apna Dal (Soneylal)}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]]
|-
|2019^
|[[Rajkumar Pal]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Rajendra Kumar Maurya|Rajendra Maurya]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pratapgarh<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajendra Kumar Maurya]]
|votes = {{formatnum:89762}}
|percentage = 45.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)
|candidate = Krishna Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:64699}}
|percentage = 33.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ashutosh Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:19249}}
|percentage = 9.82
|change = -2.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Israr Ahmed
|votes = {{formatnum:6480}}
|percentage = 3.31
|change = -10.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Neeraj Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:6326}}
|percentage = 3.23
|change = -9.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1336}}
|percentage = 0.68
|change = -0.37
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25063}}
|percentage = 12.79
|change = -7.13
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:195981}}
|percentage = 55.18
|change = +11.08
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 bypoll ===
2019 Pratapgarh assembly by election was won by [[Apna Dal (Soneylal)|Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate [[Rajkumar Pal]].<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=25 October 2019 |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |accessdate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 2019: Pratapgarh<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = [[Rajkumar Pal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:52949}}
|percentage = 35.51
|change = -8.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Brijesh Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:23228}}
|percentage = 15.57
|change = -.9.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Israr Ahmad
|votes = {{formatnum:20269}}
|percentage = 13.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Neeraj Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:19715}}
|percentage = 13.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ranjeet Singh Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:19000}}
|percentage = 12.74
|change = -9.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Harikesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3456}}
|percentage = 2.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Praveen Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2531}}
|percentage = 1.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Nirbhay Pratap Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2237}}
|percentage = 1.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party (India)
|candidate = Abdul Mateen
|votes = {{formatnum:1612}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sarvodaya Bharat Party
|candidate = Mohammad Irshad
|votes = {{formatnum:1440}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1568}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 29,721
|percentage = 19.92
|change = +1.26
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 149,184
|percentage = 44.17
|change = -11.80
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===

Sangam Lal Gupta won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Nagrenda Singh by a margin of 34,554 votes.<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Pratapgar<ref name="results2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = [[Sangam Lal Gupta]]
|votes = {{formatnum:80828}}
|percentage = 43.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Nagendra Singh Yadav]]
|votes = {{formatnum:46274}}
|percentage = 24.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ashok Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:41750}}
|percentage = 22.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shiv Ram Shukla
|votes = {{formatnum:3426}}
|percentage = 1.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pramod Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3174}}
|percentage = 1.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2191}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:34554}}
|percentage = 18.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185179}}
|percentage = 55.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.90|81.94|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Shrama Bindu Sagar

2026-01-17T11:06:37Z

BrockVanhoose67: Starting Initial Pg First Draft

{{Infobox dam
| name = Shrama Bindu Sagar
| image =
| image_caption =
| country = India
| location = Jamkhandi, Bagalkot district, Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5675|75.3896|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| status = Operational
| owner =
| purpose = Irrigation
| reservoir =
| dam_type = Barrage
| dam_length = 430 meters
| res_capacity_total = 3 TMC
| res_name = Shrama Bindu Sagar
| construction_began = 1988
| opening = 1989
| res_catchment = Krishna River basin
| dam_height_foundation = 7 meters
| location_map = India
| location_map_caption = Location of Shrama Bindu Sagar in Karnataka
}}
'''Shrama Bindu Sagar''' is a [[Barrage (dam)|barrage]] built across the [[Krishna River]] near [[Jamakhandi|Jamkhandi]] town in [[Karnataka|Karnataka, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-24 |title=Bagalkot News: ಅಪಾಯದ ಮಟ್ಟ ತಲುಪಿರುವ ಶ್ರಮಬಿಂದು ಸಾಗರ ಬ್ಯಾರೇಜ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಯುವಕರ ಸೆಲ್ಫೀ ಹುಚ್ಚಾಟ! |url=https://tv9kannada.com/videos/group-of-youth-risk-their-lives-to-take-selfies-in-full-to-the-brink-shrama-bindu-sagar-barrage-in-bagalkot-arb-629451.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=TV9 Kannada |language=kn}}</ref> It was constructed in 1989 with the help of local farmers who collectively financed the project to meet [[irrigation]] needs in the region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2015-07-02 |title=Shrama Bindu Sagar is a marvel of water management |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/karnatka/shrama-bindu-sagar-is-a-marvel-of-water-management/articleshow/47906913.cms |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Bagalkote News: ಸಿಎಂ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಸವಾಲಾಗಿ ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದ್ದ ರೈತರು! ಇದು ಕೃಷಿಕರೇ ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದ ದೇಶದ ಮೊದಲ ಬ್ಯಾರೇಜ್ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/vijayapura/shrama-bindu-sagar-indias-first-barrage-built-by-farmers-1173180.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News18 ಕನ್ನಡ |language=kn}}</ref>

== Background and history ==
The construction of Shrama Bindu Sagar began under the leadership of [[Siddu Nyamagouda]], a farmer leader who gained political recognition by defeating former chief minister [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] in a parliamentary election and later served as a union minister in the [[Rao ministry|Narasimha Rao government]]. During the 1980s, farmers in the region lacked adequate irrigation facilities despite the presence of the Krishna River. The government's initial response to the farmers' request for a barrage was to collect a significant amount of money before providing any grants.<ref name=":2" />

Nyamagouda worked with local farmers to form an association called the Krishna Teera Rait Sangh (Krishna Bank Farmers' Association).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=B. R. |title=Dam of defiance |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/environment/dam-of-defiance-29726 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref> The barrage was constructed without any government funding, with farmers bearing the entire cost.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=shastri |first=vittal |date=2020-03-05 |title=DIY dam builders of Jamkhandi now plan a lift irrigation project |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/050320/diy-dam-builders-of-jamkhandi-now-plan-a-lift-irrigation-project.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> The project stored 3 [[Tmcft|TMC]] (thousand million cubic feet) of water and irrigated approximately 30,000 acres of land. The barrage is 430 meters long and 7 meters deep and took one year to complete.<ref name=":0" />

Initially, the stored water was sufficient to irrigate the lands. However, as the irrigated area expanded to 70,000 acres, water shortages began to recur. In response, farmers demanded the release of Krishna water from [[Maharashtra]]. In 2013–2014, Nyamagouda and his team raised the height of the barrage by 1.5 meters using 25 high-powered pumps.<ref name=":1" /> These pumps were employed to lift water from the river during periods of low natural inflow, particularly in the winter months when the Krishna River's flow diminished.<ref name=":0" />

== Legacy ==
The state government named the barrage Shramabindu Sagara in honor of [[Siddu Nyamagouda]], who died in a car accident in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಶ್ರಮಬಿಂದು ಸಾಗರಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿದ್ದು ನ್ಯಾಮಗೌಡ ಹೆಸರು: ರೈತರಿಗೆ ಸಂತಸ |url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/bagalkot/shrama-bindu-sagar-will-be-named-siddu-nyamagouda-144764.html}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dams in Karnataka]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bijapur district]]
[[Category:Geography of Bagalkot district]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1989]]

Indian People's Famine Trust

2026-01-16T14:18:03Z

BrockVanhoose67: Created New Entry V1...

{{Short description|Famine Relief Fund}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Indian People's Famine Trust
| formation = {{start date and age|1900|07|25|df=y}}
| type =
| tax_id =
| registration_id =
| status =
| purpose =
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
}}
The '''Indian People's Famine Trust''' is an [[India]]-based relief fund, founded in 1900 by [[Madho Singh II]], the [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], to help aid [[Indian people|Indians]] in combating calamities such as [[famine]].
==History==
{{Main|Indian famine of 1899–1900}}
[[File:Wilson - Voyage autour du monde, 1923 (page 352 crop).jpg|thumb|[[Madho Singh II]]|271x271px]]
In 1899–1900, much of [[India]], including [[Western India]] and [[Central India]], was afflicted by a terrible [[famine]], and the [[Kingdom of Amber|State of Jaipur]] also suffered from it.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=R. K. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dalit_Literature/DLQeSBLpUwsC |title=Dalit Literature: Our Response |last2=Bakshi |first2=S. R. |date=2012 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-841-8 |pages=324–325 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=William Wilson |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Brief_History_of_the_Indian_Peoples/dVsLAAAAIAAJ |title=A Brief History of the Indian Peoples |date=1907 |publisher=Clarendon Press |pages=241–242 |language=en}}</ref> [[Madho Singh II]], the then ruler of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], undertook energetic and effective measures to deal with it.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=R. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Bond |first2=J. W. |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |pages=179 |language=en}}</ref> He initiated various [[Relief work|relief works]], chiefly [[irrigation]] projects.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=kesharlal Ajmera |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66091 |title=The Jaipur Album Or All About Jaipur |date=1935 |pages=3,25}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Vadivelu |first=A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ruling_Chiefs_Nobles_and_Zamindars_o/LfoxAQAAMAAJ |title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles and Zamindars of India |date=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham |pages=60–61 |language=en}}</ref> He also spent about Rs. 5,000,000 for constructing bunds and [[Dam|dams]] at various places, for cutting [[Canal|canals]], and to provide work to the [[Laborer|labourers]] and poor classes.<ref name=":3" /> He spent Rs. 1,900,000 to relieve 20,000,000 people, and another Rs. 100,000 in the villages and poor houses of his dominions, which helped save nearly 1,500,000 lives.<ref name=":0" /> He threw open the forests of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]] for free grazing, and permitted people to remove and sell grass and firewood.<ref name=":0" /> He also remitted land revenue amounting to nearly Rs. 1,200,000, and gave his subjects money free of cost to enable them to carry on cultivation of crops.<ref name=":0" />

Seeing the devastating effects and suffering caused by the [[Indian famine of 1899–1900|famine of 1899–1900]] throughout [[India]], he realised the necessity and importance of having funds in advance to mitigate and relieve the suffering of the people promptly, should such circumstances ever occur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Showers |first=H. L. |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924051211179 |title=Notes on Jaipur |date=1916 |publisher=[S.l. : s.n.] |others=Cornell University Library |pages=12–13}}</ref> Realising this, he laid the idea of founding a permanent, all-India Famine Fund before [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], the then [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]], who approved of it.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Madho Singh II]] initially endowed Rs. 16,00,000 towards the establishment of the fund, but later increased it to Rs. 25,00,000.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> These contributions of his, paid between 1900 and 1906, formed the fund's kernel, and the interest on them was to be available for helping famine‑stricken people in any part of India.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The fund was established on 25 July 1900 under the Charitable Endowments Act, 1890 (VI of 1890), by the [[Governor General in Council|Governor‑General in Council]], and came to be known as the Indian People's Famine Trust.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=India |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/General_Rules_and_Orders_Made_Under_Enac/1CsbAAAAYAAJ |title=General Rules and Orders Made Under Enactments in Force in British India |date=1907 |publisher=Office of the superintendent, government printing |pages=C 1, 1260–1265 |language=en}}</ref> The senior wife of [[Madho Singh II]], Jadonji, contributed to the fund twice: firstly, in 1903, she gave Rs. 100,000, and later, she gave another Rs. 100,000 when the then [[Princess of Wales]] paid a visit to [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" |Contributions of Madho Singh to the Fund
|-
! width="8%" |No.
! width="15%" |Year
! width="15%" |Amount
!Reference
|-
|1
|1900
|Rs. 16,00,000
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Showers |first=H. L. |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924051211179 |title=Notes on Jaipur |date=1916 |publisher=[S.l. : s.n.] |others=Cornell University Library |pages=152}}</ref>
|-
|2
|1901
|Rs. 4,00,000
|-
|3
|1904
|Rs. 1,00,000
|-
|4
|1906
|Rs. 4,00,00
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
|Rs. 25,00,000
|}
By the agreement reached between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in [[Karachi]] on 12 June 1955, following the discussion of the Indo-Pakistan Financial Conference on 10 June and 11 June 1955, it was agreed that the assets of the fund were to be divided between the two countries in the ratio of 82½ : 17½ respectively.<ref>[https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/LegalTreatiesDoc/PA55B1326.pdf AGREEMENT BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA ON CERTAIN OUTSTANDING FINANCIAL ISSUES (Karachi, 12 June 1955)]</ref>

==Purpose==
The original purpose of the Indian People's Famine Trust was the alleviation, by grants of money or otherwise, of general distress caused by failure or destruction of crops, or by any calamity of a like nature, either in [[British India]] or in any [[Native States]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Eleonor Marcussen |url=http://archive.org/details/acts-of-aid |title=Acts Of Aid |pages=160–161}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1900]]
[[Category:1900 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Funds]]

Politics of Punjab, India

2026-01-13T13:05:23Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{Short description|Politics of the contemporary Indian state of Punjab (1967–present)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}

Politics in [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966|reorganised present-day]] Punjab is dominated by mainly four parties – [[Indian National Congress]], [[Aam Aadmi Party]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal)]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ht-explainer-three-years-short-of-100-sad-s-struggle-for-a-comeback/story-dNcd4mFnzfd5QKMNvh6n7K.html|title=HT Explainer: Three years short of 100, SAD's struggle for a comeback|date=2017-12-15|work=HindustanTimes|access-date=2018-08-14|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjabs-tryst-with-destiny-3099537/|title=Punjab's tryst with destiny|date=2016-10-24|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-14|language=en-US}}</ref> Since 1967, [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] has been predominantly from [[Jat Sikh]] community despite its 21 percent state population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/dalit-votes-to-decide-ruling-party-of-punjab-89788-2012-01-16|title=Dalit votes to decide ruling party of Punjab|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-only-a-Jat-Sikh-can-become-Punjab-CM-questions-ousted-Cong-leader/articleshow/9817416.cms|title=Why only a Jat Sikh can become Punjab CM, questions ousted Cong leader - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Kumar | first=Pramod | title=The Punjab poll vault | website=The Tribune | date=2017-01-11 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/the-punjab-poll-vault/348647.html | access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref> Exceptions are Giani [[Zail Singh]], the Chief Minister of Punjab from 17 March 1972 to 30 April 1977 belonging to Ramgarhia community<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/ramgarhia-forum-appeals-cm-fadnavis-for-obc-status-to-ramgarhia-sikhs-in-state/04281232|title=Ramgarhia Forum appeals CM Fadnavis for OBC status to Ramgarhia Sikhs in state|website=nagpurtoday.in|date=28 April 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/8046-amarinder-challenges-cm-badal-lambi|title=Amarinder challenges CM Badal from Lambi - The Sunday Guardian Live|date=2017-01-15|work=The Sunday Guardian Live|access-date=2018-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> that has population of 6 percent and is a part of significant [[Other Backward Class|OBC community]] having population of 31.3 percent in the state and [[Charanjit Singh Channi]] who held the position for 111 days from 20 September 2021 to 16 March 2022 and was from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste(Dalit)]] who have 32 percent population in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/punjab-assembly-election-2017/story/amarinder-singh-few-dalits-in-punjab-cabinet-jat-sikhs-rule-965945-2017-03-16|title=Amarinder Singh cabinet has 3 Dalits despite 32 per cent vote share, Jat Sikhs continue to rule Punjab|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/punjab-congress-faces-rebellion-over-lack-of-representation-for-dalits-111154.html|title=Punjab Congress faces rebellion over lack of representation for Dalits|work=CatchNews.com|access-date=2018-08-23|language=en}}</ref> Other prominent party is [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] especially in [[Doaba Punjab|Doaba region]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/in-doaba-bsp-promoting-ambedkarite-culture-to-politically-awaken-dalits-5679495/|title=Punjab: In Doaba, BSP promoting 'Ambedkarite culture' to 'politically awaken' Dalits|date=2019-04-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bsp-mayawati-punjab-elephant-emerges-the-dark-horse-5748855/|title=Elephant emerges the dark horse in Punjab|date=2019-05-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bsps-punjab-surprise-three-candidates-finish-third-fares-better-than-aap-2158685.html|title=BSP's Punjab Surprise: Three Candidates Finish Third, Fares Better Than AAP|website=News18|date=24 May 2019 |access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/bsp-gains-in-punjab-amid-pda-thrashing/articleshow/69471908.cms|title=BSP gains in Punjab amid PDA thrashing |website=The Times of India|date=24 May 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> founded by [[Kanshi Ram]] of [[Rupnagar district]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Kanshi Ram and the Making of Dalit Political Agency | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | volume=56 | issue=3 | date=2021-01-16 | pages=7–8 | url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2021/3/special-articles/kanshi-ram-and-making-dalit-political-agency.html | access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> In 1992 [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] won 9 seats [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha elections]].<ref name="Elections in India 1992">{{cite web | title=Punjab Assembly Election Results in 1992 | website=Elections.in | date=11 April 2014 | url=http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/1992-election-results.html | access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> Also [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] won 3 lok sabha seats from Punjab in [[1996 Indian general election|1996 general elections]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Meenu|title=India Votes, Elections 1996: A Critical Analysis|year=1996|page=198|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=9788171009008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wm2dVWi-2I4C&q=PUNJAB+lok+sabha+election+results+1996&pg=PA198}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|title=Result Of Punjab In 1996|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/politics/electionstats/stateresult/1996/s19.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123041819/http://ibnlive.in.com/politics/electionstats/stateresult/1996/s19.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> and only [[Garhshanker]] seat in [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|1997 Vidhan Sabha elections]].<ref name="hindustantimes.com 2013">{{cite web | title=In 1997, the BSP won Vidhan Sabha seat of Garhshankar | website=hindustantimes.com/ | date=18 May 2013 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/bsp-announces-4-nominees-in-punjab/story-kPAoiJe67qVmmMyAhHwsKM.html | access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> [[Punjab Communist Revolutionary Committee|Communist parties]] too have some influence in the [[Malwa, Punjab|Malwa area]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kumar|first1=P|title=Coalition Politics in Punjab in E. Sridharan|url=http://www.idcindia.org/pdf/elections/Coalition%20politics%20in%20Punjab_Dr_Pramod.pdf|access-date=21 May 2016|archive-date=5 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705124337/http://www.idcindia.org/pdf/elections/Coalition%20politics%20in%20Punjab_Dr_Pramod.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the [[Indian general election, 2014 (Punjab)|2014 general elections]], the first-time contesting [[Aam Aadmi Party]] got 4 out of 13 seats in Punjab by winning 34 of the total 117 assembly segments, coming second in 7, third in 73 and fourth in the rest 3 segments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Details of Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies - General Elections, 2014 - 16th Lok Sabha (page 946 of 1698)|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/34%20-%20Details%20of%20Assembly%20segment%20of%20PC.pdf#page=946|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref> The support for the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] increased later in Punjab.<ref name="TOI 2014">{{cite web | last=N | first=TN | title=Other party netas lining up for AAP | website=The Times of India | date=20 May 2014 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Other-party-netas-lining-up-for-AAP/articleshow/35361782.cms | access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mohan 2014">{{cite web | last=Mohan | first=Vibhor | title=AAP may face problem of plenty in choosing candidates for bypolls | website=The Times of India | date=21 May 2014 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/AAP-may-face-problem-of-plenty-in-choosing-candidates-for-bypolls/articleshow/35399210.cms | access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> The current Government was elected in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022 Punjab Assembly elections]] and the AAP won 92 out of 117 Assembly seats with [[Bhagwant Mann]] as the Chief Minister. The Congress flows down to get only 18 seats.

== History ==
===Pre-1947 period===
{{See also|1907 Punjab unrest}}
Before [[Partition of India|1947 partition of Punjab]], politics were dominated by [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] as it was main party in [[Punjab Province (British India)|united Punjab]] especially seen in [[1937 Indian provincial elections|1937 elections]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Talbot|first1=Ian|title=Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136790362|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEldAgAAQBAJ&q=before+partition+politics+of+punjab+unionist&pg=PR9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Low|first1=D. A.|title=Political Inheritance of Pakistan|date=18 June 1991|page=86|publisher=Springer |isbn=9781349115563|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaeuCwAAQBAJ&q=before+partition+politics+of+punjab+unionist&pg=PA86}}</ref>

===1947–1966===
{{See also|Punjabi Suba movement}}
During 1947-1966 Punjab was undivided and consisted of present-day [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]],
and [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Dhaliwal | first=Sarbjit | title=Punjabi Suba: What's there to celebrate? | website=Tribuneindia News Service | date=2016-09-09 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/punjabi-suba-what-s-there-to-celebrate/292265.html | access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref> This meant that both population and religion factor of whole state was mixed and politics were dominated by [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee|Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Revisiting past elections... | website=Tribuneindia News Service | date=2016-10-30 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/revisiting-past-elections/316070.html | access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=When Punjab & PEPSU merged | website=Tribuneindia News Service | date=2016-11-06 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/arts/when-punjab-pepsu-merged/318713.html | access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Kairon retains his hold on Punjab | website=Tribuneindia News Service | date=2016-11-13 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/arts/kairon-retains-his-hold-on-punjab/322284.html | access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=A United Front pushes Congress to the Opposition Benches | website=Tribuneindia News Service | date=2016-11-20 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/society/a-united-front-pushes-congress-to-the-opposition-benches/325486.html | access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref>

==Political parties==
Punjab has many [[:Category:Political parties in Punjab, India|political parties]] but only eight parties recognized by [[Election Commission of India]] and having presence in the state:
*National parties in Punjab
**[[Indian National Congress]]
**[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
**[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-all-the-political-parties-in-india-1476786411-1|title=List of All the Political Parties in India|date=2018-04-16|work=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Recognition of 'All India Trinamool Congress, as a National party|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/AITCNationalParty_09092016.pdf|website=ECI|access-date=17 September 2016}}</ref>
**[[Aam Aadmi Party]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140602/nation-politics/article/aam-aadmi-party-recognised-state-party-punjab|title=Aam Aadmi Party recognised as state party in Punjab|date=2014-06-03|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-30|language=en}}</ref>
**[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (''Limited presence in Punjab'')
*Recognized state parties in Punjab
**[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/ge98/parties/state/index.htm|title=State Parties|website=eci.nic.in|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref>
*Other Parties
**[[Communist Party of India]] (''Limited presence in Punjab'')
**Punjab Seva Dal (Beant Singh Bhullar)
**[[Lok Insaaf Party]]
**[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]
**[[Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party]]
**[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]]
*Alliances in Punjab
**[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]
**[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]

== Maps ==

=== Punjab in Map of India ===
Punjab is situated in Northern India and shares its boundary with three states – [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] and with two [[Union territory|Union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Chandigarh]]. It also shares its border with [[Pakistan]]. [[File:India_PB.svg|right|thumb|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]]]

The election Schedule will declare by [[Election Commission of India]] on the reasonable time.<ref>[https://www.elections.in/upcoming-elections-in-india.html Upcoming elections in India] ''elections.in''</ref>

Last year election dates were announced on 8 January and polling was completed on 20 February 2022. Results were declared on 10 March 2022.

=== Map of Punjab ===
Punjab has 23 districts (Malerkotla is the 23rd District, carved out from Sangrur District in May, 2021) and is divided into 4 regions, having 117 total constituencies.

[[File:Punjab district map.png|thumb|right|250px|All the 23 districts of Punjab along with their headquarters.]]

# Majha region have 4 district and 25 Assembly constituencies
# Doaba is the smallest region with 23 assembly constituencies and 4 districts
# Malwa is the biggest region with 15 districts (including 3 districts in Puadh region) and 69 assembly constituencies
#
# 34 seats are reserved for [[Scheduled Castes]] and Punjab have no reservation for ST community.

===Legislative Assembly Seats Map===
This year Punjab will see Major Fight between [[Indian National Congress]], [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Aam Aadmi Party]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and [[Punjab Democratic Alliance]].

[[File:Wahlkreise zur Vidhan Sabha von Punjab.svg]]

34 Seats are Reserved for SC's and 83 are unreserved out of 117 assembly Constituencies of Punjab

===Region and District wise list of Assembly constituencies===

[[File:Assembly Constituencies map district wise (updated).png|thumb|280px|This map shows the Districts and Assembly constituencies in the District]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="Text-align:center"
|-
!S. No.
!Region
!District
! AC No.
!Assembly Constituency
|-
|align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |'''1.'''
| colspan="4" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |'''MAJHA'''
|-
|1.
| rowspan="25" |[[Majha|MAJHA]]
|[[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
|1
|[[Sujanpur]]
|-
|2.
|[[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
|2
|[[Bhoa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhoa]]
|-
|3.
|[[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
|3
|[[Pathankot Assembly Constituency|Pathankot]]
|-
|4.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|4
|[[Gurudaspur Assembly Constituency|Gurdaspur]]
|-
|5.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|5
|[[Dina Nagar Assembly Constituency|Dina Nagar]]
|-
|6.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|6
|[[Qadian Assembly Constituency|Qadian]]
|-
|7.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|7
|[[Batala Assembly Constituency|Batala]]
|-
|8.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|8.
|[[Sri Hargobindpur Assembly Constituency|Sri Hargobindpur]]
|-
|9.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|9
|[[Fatehgarh Churian Assembly Constituency|Fatehgarh Churian]]
|-
|10.
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|10
|[[Dera Baba Nanak Assembly Constituency|Dera Baba Nanak]]
|-
|11.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|11
|[[Ajnala Assembly Constituency|Ajnala]]
|-
|12.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|12
|[[Raja Sansi Assembly Constituency|Raja Sansi]]
|-
|13.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|13
|[[Majitha Assembly Constituency|Majitha]]
|-
|14.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|15
|[[Amritsar North Assembly Constituency|Amritsar North]]
|-
|15.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|16
|[[Amritsar West Assembly Constituency|Amritsar West]]
|-
|16.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|17
|[[Amritsar Central Assembly Constituency|Amritsar Central]]
|-
|17.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|18
|[[Amritsar East (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Amritsar East]]
|-
|18.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|19
|[[Amritsar South Assembly Constituency|Amritsar South]]
|-
|19.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|20
|[[Attari Assembly Constituency|Attari]]
|-
|20.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|14
|[[Jandiala Assembly Constituency|Jandiala]]
|-
|21.
|[[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran Sahib]]
|21
|[[Tarn Taran Assembly Constituency|Tarn Taran]]
|-
|22.
|[[Tarn Taran district|Sri Tarn Taran Sahib]]
|22
|[[Khemkaran South Assembly Constituency|Khem Karan]]
|-
|23.
|[[Tarn Taran district|Sri Tarn Taran Sahib]]
|23
|[[Patti, Punjab Assembly constituency|Patti]]
|-
|24.
|[[Tarn Taran district|Sri Tarn Taran Sahib]]
|24
|[[Khadoor Sahib Assembly Constituency|Khadoor Sahib]]
|-
|25.
|[[Amritsar district|Sri Amritsar Sahib]]
|25
|[[Baba Bakala Assembly Constituency|Baba Bakala]]
|-
|align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |'''2.'''
| colspan="4" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |'''DOABA'''
|-
|26.
| rowspan="23" |[[Doaba|DOABA]]
|[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
|27
|[[Kapurthala Assembly Constituency|Kapurthala]]
|-
|27.
|[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
|28
|[[Sultanpur Lodhi Assembly Constituency|Sultanpur Lodhi]]
|-
|28.
|[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
|29.
|[[Phagwara Assembly Constituency|Phagwara]]
|-
|29.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|30
|[[Phillaur Assembly Constituency|Phillaur]]
|-
|30.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|31
|[[Nakodar Assembly Constituency|Nakodar]]
|-
|31.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|32
|[[Shahkot Assembly Constituency|Shahkot]]
|-
|32.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|33
|[[Kartarpur Assembly Constituency|Kartarpur]]
|-
|33.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|34
|[[Jalandhar West Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar West]]
|-
|34.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|35
|[[Jalandhar Central Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Central]]
|-
|35.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|36
|[[Jalandhar North Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar North]]
|-
|36.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|37
|[[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Cantt.]]
|-
|37.
|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
|38
|[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]]
|-
|38.
|[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
|26
|[[Bholath Assembly Constituency|Bholath]]
|-
|39.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|39
|[[Mukerian Assembly Constituency|Mukerian]]
|-
|40.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|40
|[[Dasuya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dasuya]]
|-
|41.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|41
|[[Urmar Assembly Constituency|Urmar]]
|-
|42.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|42
|[[Sham Chaurasi Assembly Constituency|Sham Chaurasi]]
|-
|43.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|43
|[[Hoshiarpur Assembly Constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|-
|44.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|44
|[[Chabbewal Assembly Constituency|Chabbewal]]
|-
|45.
|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|45
|[[Garhshankar Assembly Constituency|Garhshankar]]
|-
|46.
|[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|NawanShahr]]
|46
|[[Banga Assembly Constituency|Banga]]
|-
|47.
|[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|NawanShahr]]
|47
|[[Nawan Shahr Assembly Constituency|Nawanshahr]]
|-
|48.
|[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|NawanShahr]]
|48
|[[Balachaur Assembly Constituency|Balachaur]]
|-
|align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |'''3.'''
| colspan="4" align="center" style="background-color: grey;" |'''MALWA'''
|-
|49.
| rowspan="69" |[[Malwa (Punjab)|MALWA]]
|[[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
|49
|[[Ananadpur Sahib Assembly Constituency|Anandpur Sahib]]
|-
|50.
|[[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
|50
|[[Rupnagar Assembly Constituency|Rupnagar]]
|-
|51.
|[[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
|51
|[[Chamkaur Sahib Assembly Constituency|Chamkaur Sahib]]
|-
|52.
|[[Mohali district|Mohali]]
|52
|[[Kharar Assembly Constituency|Kharar]]
|-
|53.
|[[Mohali district|Mohali]]
|53
|[[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Assembly Constituency|S.A.S. Nagar]]
|-
|54.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|60
|[[Ludhiana East Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana East]]
|-
|55.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|61
|[[Ludhiana South Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana South]]
|-
|56.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|62
|[[Atam Nagar Assembly Constituency|Atam Nagar]]
|-
|57.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|63
|[[Ludhiana Central Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana Central]]
|-
|58.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|64
|[[Ludhiana West Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana West]]
|-
|59.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|65
|[[Ludhiana North Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana North]]
|-
|60.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|66
|[[Gill Assembly Constituency|Gill]]
|-
|61.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|68
|[[Dakha Assembly Constituency|Dakha]]
|-
|62.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|70
|[[Jagraon Assembly Constituency|Jagraon]]
|-
|63.
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Sri Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|54
|[[Bassi Pathana Assembly Constituency|Bassi Pathana]]
|-
|64.
|[[Ludhiana district|Sri Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|55
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib Assembly Constituency|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|-
|65.
|[[Ludhiana district|Sri Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|56
|[[Amloh Assembly Constituency|Amloh]]
|-
|66.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|57
|[[Khanna Assembly Constituency|Khanna]]
|-
|67.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|58
|[[Samrala Assembly Constituency|Samrala]]
|-
|68.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|59
|[[Sahnewal Assembly Constituency|Sahnewal]]
|-
|69.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|67
|[[Payal Assembly Constituency|Payal]]
|-
|70.
|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|69
|[[Raikot Assembly Constituency|Raikot]]
|-
|71.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|106
|[[Amargarh Assembly Constituency|Amargarh]]
|-
|72.
|[[Moga district|Moga]]
|71
|[[Nihal Singh Wala Assembly Constituency|Nihal Singhwala]]
|-
|73.
|[[Moga district|Moga]]
|72
|[[Bhagha Purana Assembly Constituency|Bhagha Purana]]
|-
|74.
|[[Moga district|Moga]]
|73
|[[Moga Assembly Constituency|Moga]]
|-
|75.
|[[Moga district|Moga]]
|74
|[[Dharamkot Assembly Constituency|Dharamkot]]
|-
|76.
|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|75.
|[[Zira Assembly Constituency|Zira]]
|-
|77.
|[[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Mukatsar Sahib]]
|84
|[[Gidderbaha Assembly Constituency|Gidderbaha]]
|-
|78.
|[[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
|87
|[[Faridkot Assembly Constituency|Faridkot]]
|-
|79.
|[[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
|88
|[[Kotkapura Assembly Constituency|Kotkapura]]
|-
|80.
|[[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
|89
|[[Jaitu Assembly Constituency|Jaitu]]
|-
|81.
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|90
|[[Rampura Phul Assembly Constituency|Rampura Phul]]
|-
|82.
|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|76
|[[Firozpur City Assembly Constituency|Firozpur City]]
|-
|83.
|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|77
|[[Firozpur Rural Assembly Constituency|Firozpur Rural]]
|-
|84.
|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|78
|[[Guru Har Sahai Assembly Constituency|Guru Har Sahai]]
|-
|85.
|[[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]
|79
|[[Jalalabad (Punjab Assembly constituency)|Jalalabad]]
|-
|86.
|[[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]
|80
|[[Fazilka Assembly Constituency|Fazilka]]
|-
|87.
|[[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]
|81
|[[Abohar Assembly Constituency|Abohar]]
|-
|88.
|[[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]
|82
|[[Balluana Assembly Constituency|Balluana]]
|-
|89.
|[[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Mukatsar Sahib]]
|85
|[[Malout Assembly Constituency|Malout]]
|-
|90.
|[[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Mukatsar Sahib]]
|86
|[[Muktsar Assembly Constituency|Muktsar]]
|-
|91.
|[[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Mukatsar Sahib]]
|83
|[[Lambi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lambi]]
|-
|92.
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|91
|[[Bhucho Mandi Assembly Constituency|Bhucho Mandi]]
|-
|93.
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|92
|[[Bathinda Urban Assembly Constituency|Bathinda Urban]]
|-
|94.
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|93
|[[Bathinda Rural Assembly Constituency|Bathinda Rural]]
|-
|95.
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|94
|[[Talwandi Sabo Assembly Constituency|Talwandi Sabo]]
|-
|96.
|[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
|95
|[[Maur Assembly Constituency|Maur]]
|-
|97.
|[[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]
|96
|[[Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
|-
|98.
|[[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]
|97
|[[Sardulgarh Assembly Constituency|Sardulgarh]]
|-
|99.
|[[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]
|98
|[[Budhalada Assembly Constituency|Budhlada]]
|-
|100.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|99
|[[Lehra Assembly Constituency|Lehra]]
|-
|101.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|100
|[[Dirba Assembly Constituency|Dirba]]
|-
|102.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|101
|[[Sunam Assembly Constituency|Sunam]]
|-
|103.
|[[Barnala district|Barnala]]
|102
|[[Bhadaur Assembly Constituency|Bhadaur]]
|-
|104.
|[[Barnala district|Barnala]]
|103
|[[Barnala Assembly Constituency|Barnala]]
|-
|105.
|[[Barnala district|Barnala]]
|104
|[[Mehal Kalan Assembly Constituency|Mehal Kalan]]
|-
|106.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|105
|[[Malerkotla Assembly Constituency|Malerkotla]]
|-
|107.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|107
|[[Dhuri Assembly Constituency|Dhuri]]
|-
|108.
|[[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|108
|[[Sangrur Assembly Constituency|Sangrur]]
|-
|109.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|109
|[[Nabha Assembly Constituency|Nabha]]
|-
|110.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|110
|[[Patiala Rural Assembly Constituency|Patiala Rural]]
|-
|111.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|111
|[[Rajpura Assembly Constituency|Rajpura]]
|-
|112.
|[[Mohali district|Mohali]]
|112
|[[Dera Bassi Assembly Constituency|Dera Bassi]]
|-
|113.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|113
|[[Ghanaur Assembly Constituency|Ghanaur]]
|-
|114.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|114
|[[Sanour Assembly Constituency|Sanour]]
|-
|115.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|115
|[[Patiala Urban (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
|-
|116.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|116
|[[Samana Assembly Constituency|Samana]]
|-
|117.
|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|117
|[[Shutrana Assembly Constituency|Shutrana]]
|}

==Constituencies==
Following is the list of parliamentary constituencies (PC) and assembly constituencies (AC) of Punjab:-
[[File:Punjab PC-AC map.png|580px|thumb|In Punjab each Parliamentary constituency consists Nine Assembly constituencies.]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="Text-align:center"
|-
!PC No.
!Parliamentary Constituency
! AC No.
!Assembly Constituency
|-
|rowspan=10|1
|rowspan=10|[[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]]
|-
|1
|[[Sujanpur]]
|-
|2
|[[Bhoa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhoa]]
|-
|3
|[[Pathankot Assembly Constituency|Pathankot]]
|-
|4
|[[Gurudaspur Assembly Constituency|Gurdaspur]]
|-
|5
|[[Dina Nagar Assembly Constituency|Dina Nagar]]
|-
|6
|[[Qadian Assembly Constituency|Qadian]]
|-
|7
|[[Batala Assembly Constituency|Batala]]
|-
|9
|[[Fatehgarh Churian Assembly Constituency|Fatehgarh Churian]]
|-
|10
|[[Dera Baba Nanak Assembly Constituency|Dera Baba Nanak]]
|-
|rowspan=9|2
|rowspan=9|[[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
|11
|[[Ajnala Assembly Constituency|Ajnala]]
|-
|12
|[[Raja Sansi Assembly Constituency|Raja Sansi]]
|-
|13
|[[Majitha Assembly Constituency|Majitha]]
|-
|15
|[[Amritsar North Assembly Constituency|Amritsar North]]
|-
|16
|[[Amritsar West Assembly Constituency|Amritsar West]]
|-
|17
|[[Amritsar Central Assembly Constituency|Amritsar Central]]
|-
|18
|[[Amritsar East (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Amritsar East]]
|-
|19
|[[Amritsar South Assembly Constituency|Amritsar South]]
|-
|20
|[[Attari Assembly Constituency|Attari]]
|-
|rowspan=9|3
|rowspan=9|[[Khadoor Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khadoor Sahib]]
|14
|[[Jandiala Assembly Constituency|Jandiala]]
|-
|21
|[[Tarn Taran Assembly Constituency|Tarn Taran]]
|-
|22
|[[Khemkaran South Assembly Constituency|Khem Karan]]
|-
|23
|[[Patti, Punjab Assembly constituency|Patti]]
|-
|24
|[[Khadoor Sahib Assembly Constituency|Khadoor Sahib]]
|-
|25
|[[Baba Bakala Assembly Constituency|Baba Bakala]]
|-
|27
|[[Kapurthala Assembly Constituency|Kapurthala]]
|-
|28
|[[Sultanpur Lodhi Assembly Constituency|Sultanpur Lodhi]]
|-
|75
|[[Zira Assembly Constituency|Zira]]
|-
|rowspan=9|4
|rowspan=9|[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]]
|30
|[[Phillaur Assembly Constituency|Phillaur]]
|-
|31
|[[Nakodar Assembly Constituency|Nakodar]]
|-
|32
|[[Shahkot Assembly Constituency|Shahkot]]
|-
|33
|[[Kartarpur Assembly Constituency|Kartarpur]]
|-
|34
|[[Jalandhar West Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar West]]
|-
|35
|[[Jalandhar Central Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Central]]
|-
|36
|[[Jalandhar North Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar North]]
|-
|37
|[[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Cantt.]]
|-
|38
|[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]]
|-
|rowspan=9|5
|rowspan=9|[[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]]
|8
|[[Sri Hargobindpur Assembly Constituency|Sri Hargobindpur]]
|-
|26
|[[Bholath Assembly Constituency|Bholath]]
|-
|29
|[[Phagwara Assembly Constituency|Phagwara]]
|-
|39
|[[Mukerian Assembly Constituency|Mukerian]]
|-
|40
|[[Dasuya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dasuya]]
|-
|41
|[[Urmar Assembly Constituency|Urmar]]
|-
|42
|[[Sham Chaurasi Assembly Constituency|Sham Chaurasi]]
|-
|43
|[[Hoshiarpur Assembly Constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|-
|44
|[[Chabbewal Assembly Constituency|Chabbewal]]
|-
|rowspan=9|6
|rowspan=9|[[Anandpur Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anandpur Sahib]]
|45
|[[Garhshankar Assembly Constituency|Garhshankar]]
|-
|46
|[[Banga Assembly Constituency|Banga]]
|-
|47
|[[Nawan Shahr Assembly Constituency|Nawanshahr]]
|-
|48
|[[Balachaur Assembly Constituency|Balachaur]]
|-
|49
|[[Ananadpur Sahib Assembly Constituency|Anandpur Sahib]]
|-
|50
|[[Rupnagar Assembly Constituency|Rupnagar]]
|-
|51
|[[Chamkaur Sahib Assembly Constituency|Chamkaur Sahib]]
|-
|52
|[[Kharar Assembly Constituency|Kharar]]
|-
|53
|[[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Assembly Constituency|S.A.S. Nagar]]
|-
|rowspan=9|7
|rowspan=9|[[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]]
|60
|[[Ludhiana East Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana East]]
|-
|61
|[[Ludhiana South Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana South]]
|-
|62
|[[Atam Nagar Assembly Constituency|Atam Nagar]]
|-
|63
|[[Ludhiana Central Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana Central]]
|-
|64
|[[Ludhiana West Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana West]]
|-
|65
|[[Ludhiana North Assembly Constituency|Ludhiana North]]
|-
|66
|[[Gill Assembly Constituency|Gill]]
|-
|68
|[[Dakha Assembly Constituency|Dakha]]
|-
|70
|[[Jagraon Assembly Constituency|Jagraon]]
|-
|rowspan=9|8
|rowspan=9|[[Fatehgarh Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|54
|[[Bassi Pathana Assembly Constituency|Bassi Pathana]]
|-
|55
|[[Fatehgarh Sahib Assembly Constituency|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
|-
|56
|[[Amloh Assembly Constituency|Amloh]]
|-
|57
|[[Khanna Assembly Constituency|Khanna]]
|-
|58
|[[Samrala Assembly Constituency|Samrala]]
|-
|59
|[[Sahnewal Assembly Constituency|Sahnewal]]
|-
|67
|[[Payal Assembly Constituency|Payal]]
|-
|69
|[[Raikot Assembly Constituency|Raikot]]
|-
|106
|[[Amargarh Assembly Constituency|Amargarh]]
|-
|rowspan=9|9
|rowspan=9|[[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]]
|71
|[[Nihal Singh Wala Assembly Constituency|Nihal Singhwala]]
|-
|72
|[[Bhagha Purana Assembly Constituency|Bhagha Purana]]
|-
|73
|[[Moga Assembly Constituency|Moga]]
|-
|74
|[[Dharamkot Assembly Constituency|Dharamkot]]
|-
|84
|[[Gidderbaha Assembly Constituency|Gidderbaha]]
|-
|87
|[[Faridkot Assembly Constituency|Faridkot]]
|-
|88
|[[Kotkapura Assembly Constituency|Kotkapura]]
|-
|89
|[[Jaitu Assembly Constituency|Jaitu]]
|-
|90
|[[Rampura Phul Assembly Constituency|Rampura Phul]]
|-
|rowspan=9|10
|rowspan=9|[[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur]]
|76
|[[Firozpur City Assembly Constituency|Firozpur City]]
|-
|77
|[[Firozpur Rural Assembly Constituency|Firozpur Rural]]
|-
|78
|[[Guru Har Sahai Assembly Constituency|Guru Har Sahai]]
|-
|79
|[[Jalalabad (Punjab Assembly constituency)|Jalalabad]]
|-
|80
|[[Fazilka Assembly Constituency|Fazilka]]
|-
|81
|[[Abohar Assembly Constituency|Abohar]]
|-
|82
|[[Balluana Assembly Constituency|Balluana]]
|-
|85
|[[Malout Assembly Constituency|Malout]]
|-
|86
|[[Muktsar Assembly Constituency|Muktsar]]
|-
|rowspan=9|11
|rowspan=9|[[Bathinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bathinda]]
|83
|[[Lambi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lambi]]
|-
|91
|[[Bhucho Mandi Assembly Constituency|Bhucho Mandi]]
|-
|92
|[[Bathinda Urban Assembly Constituency|Bathinda Urban]]
|-
|93
|[[Bathinda Rural Assembly Constituency|Bathinda Rural]]
|-
|94
|[[Talwandi Sabo Assembly Constituency|Talwandi Sabo]]
|-
|95
|[[Maur Assembly Constituency|Maur]]
|-
|96
|[[Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
|-
|97
|[[Sardulgarh Assembly Constituency|Sardulgarh]]
|-
|98
|[[Budhalada Assembly Constituency|Budhlada]]
|-
|rowspan=9|12
|rowspan=9|[[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
|99
|[[Lehra Assembly Constituency|Lehra]]
|-
|100
|[[Dirba Assembly Constituency|Dirba]]
|-
|101
|[[Sunam Assembly Constituency|Sunam]]
|-
|102
|[[Bhadaur Assembly Constituency|Bhadaur]]
|-
|103
|[[Barnala Assembly Constituency|Barnala]]
|-
|104
|[[Mehal Kalan Assembly Constituency|Mehal Kalan]]
|-
|105
|[[Malerkotla Assembly Constituency|Malerkotla]]
|-
|107
|[[Dhuri Assembly Constituency|Dhuri]]
|-
|108
|[[Sangrur Assembly Constituency|Sangrur]]
|-
|rowspan=9|13
|rowspan=9|[[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
|109
|[[Nabha Assembly Constituency|Nabha]]
|-
|110
|[[Patiala Rural Assembly Constituency|Patiala Rural]]
|-
|111
|[[Rajpura Assembly Constituency|Rajpura]]
|-
|112
|[[Dera Bassi Assembly Constituency|Dera Bassi]]
|-
|113
|[[Ghanaur Assembly Constituency|Ghanaur]]
|-
|114
|[[Sanour Assembly Constituency|Sanour]]
|-
|115
|[[Patiala Urban (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
|-
|116
|[[Samana Assembly Constituency|Samana]]
|-
|117
|[[Shutrana Assembly Constituency|Shutrana]]
|}

==Former Constituencies==
The most recent Delimitation Commission was constituted on July 12, 2002. The recommendations of the commission were approved by the [[President of India|Presidential]] notification on February 19, 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228022947/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 28, 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Delimitation notification comes into effect|date=February 20, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |publisher=Election Commission of India, NIRVACHAN SADAN, ASHOKA ROAD, NEW DELHI-110001 }}</ref> With this, three of the constituencies were eliminated. The Lok Sabha constituencies abolished, as a result, were as follows:

# [[Phillaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phillaur constituency]]
# [[Ropar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ropar constituency]]
# [[Tarn Taran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tarn Taran constituency]]

==See also==
* [[List of Incumbent Members of Parliament from Punjab, India]]
* [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[List of constituencies of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Politics of India]]
* [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab, Pakistan]]
* [[Punjab (India)|Punjab, India]]
* [[History of the Punjab]]
* [[Punjabi people]]
* [[Elections in Punjab (India)|Elections in Punjab]]
* [[Convener of Aam Aadmi Party (Punjab, India)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Politics of India by state or territory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Politics Of Punjab (India)}}
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India| ]]

First Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry

2025-12-13T18:00:42Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{Short description|Government of Gujarat, India (2021–2022)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=September 2021}}
{{Update|inaccurate=yes|date=April 2023}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = [[Gujarat]]
| flag =
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = Chief Minister of Gujarat, Shri Bhupendra Patel (2).jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption =
| date_formed = 13 September 2021
| date_dissolved =12 December 2022
| government_head =[[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
| deputy_government_head =
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[Acharya Devvrat]]
| members_number = 24
| former_members_number =
| total_number = 25 (including [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|Chief Minister]])
| political_parties = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''']]
| opposition_leader = [[Paresh Dhanani]]
| last_election = [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| legislature_term = 5 Years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =
| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Second Vijay Rupani ministry]]
| successor = [[Second Bhupendrabhai Patel Ministry]]
}}
'''Bhupendrabhai Patel''' was sworn in as 17th [[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister of Gujarat]] on 13 September 2021. His first cabinet included 10 cabinet ministers and 14 ministers of state, including five ministers of state with independent charge.

==Background==
On 11 September 2021, [[Vijay Rupani]] resigned from the post of Chief Minister of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-11|title=After Vijay Rupani Stunner, BJP In a Huddle; New Guj CM to Take Oath Monday?|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/after-vijay-rupani-stunner-bjp-goes-into-a-huddle-to-choose-new-gujarat-cm-4191893.html|access-date=2021-09-16|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> Patel was unanimously elected as the BJP legislative party leader and Chief Minister-elect of Gujarat on 12 September 2021 in the party legislature meeting at [[Gandhinagar]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2021-09-12|title=BJP MLA Bhupendra Patel named new Gujarat chief minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-mla-bhupendra-patel-named-new-gujarat-chief-minister/articleshow/86138067.cms|access-date=2021-09-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Gujarat on 13 September 2021 by Governor [[Acharya Devvrat]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-14|title=Bhupendra Patel Oath Ceremony: Bhupendra Patel takes oath as 17th chief minister of Gujarat {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/bhupendra-patel-takes-oath-as-17th-chief-minister-of-gujarat/articleshow/86164154.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The rest of his cabinet was sworn in on 16 September 2021. The cabinet included 10 cabinet ministers and 14 ministers of state, including five ministers of state with independent charge.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-16|title=Gujarat Cabinet: Portfolios announced|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-cabinet-24-ministers-sworn-in-full-list-here-11631783701491.html|access-date=2021-09-16|website=Mint|language=en}}</ref> It was followed by the [[second Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry]] on 12 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-12 |title=Gujarat CM Swearing-In Live Updates: Bhupendra Patel takes oath as CM for second consecutive term |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-chief-minister-cm-bhupendra-patel-swearing-in-ceremony-live-updates-bjp-modi-shah-gandhinagar-8319328/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Council of Ministers==

<section begin="Cabinet"/>
=== Cabinet Ministers ===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|'''Chief Minister''']] Home General Administration Information & Broadcast Industries Mines & Minerals Capital Projects Urban Development & Urban Housing Narmada & Ports '''Departments not allotted to any Minister'''
| minister1 = [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
| minister1_termstart = 13 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Revenue Minister of Law & Justice Minister of Legislative & Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = [[Rajendra Trivedi]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Education
| minister1 = [[Jitu Vaghani]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Health & Family Welfare Minister of Medical Education Minister of Water Resources & Water Supply
| minister1 = [[Rushikesh Patel]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Roads & Building Minister of Transport Minister of Civil Aviation Minister of Tourism & Pilgrimage Development
| minister1 = [[Purnesh Modi]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry
| minister1 = [[Raghavji Patel]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Finance Minister of Energy & Petrochemicals
| minister1 = [[Kanubhai Desai]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Forest, Environment & Climate Change
| minister1 = [[Kiritsinh Rana]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Food & Civil Supplies Minister of Tribal Development
| minister1 = [[ Naresh Patel|Nareshbhai Patel]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Social Justice & Empowerment
| minister1 = [[Pradip Parmar]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend = 2022
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Rural |Development & Rural Housing
| minister1 = [[Arjunsinh Udesinh Chauhan|Arjunsinh Chauhan]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend = 2022
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

=== Ministers in charge ===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state (I/C) in Sports, Youth Affairs & Cultural Activities Minister of state (I/C) in Excise & Prohibition Minister of state (I/C) in Border Security & Prisons Minister of state in Home & Police Housing Minister of state in Disaster Management
| minister1 = [[Harsh Sanghavi]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state (I/C) in Cottage Industries Minister of state (I/C) in Cooperation Minister of state (I/C) in Salt Industries Minister of state in Industries Minister of state in Forest, Environment & Climate Change
| minister1 = [[Jagdish Vishwakarma]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state (I/C) in Labour & Employment Minister of state (I/C) in Panchayats Minister of state in Rural Development & Rural Housing
| minister1 = Brijesh Merja
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state (I/C) in Fisheries Minister of state in Water Resources & Water Supply Minister of state in Narmada
| minister1 = [[Jitubhai Chaudhary|Jitu Choudhary]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state (I/C) in Women & Child Development Minister of state in Social Justice & Empowerment
| minister1 = [[Manisha Vakil]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

=== Ministers of state ===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Agriculture Minister of state in Energy & Petrochemicals
| minister1 = [[Mukeshbhai Patel|Mukesh Patel]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Health & Family Welfare Minister of state in Medical Education Minister of state in Tribal Development
| minister1 = [[Nimisha Suthar]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Transport Minister of state in Civil Aviation Minister of state in Tourism & Pilgrimage Development
| minister1 = Arvind Raiyani
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in higher & Technical Education Minister of state in Legislative & Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = [[Kuber Dindor|Kuberbhai Dindor]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Primary, Secondary & Adult Education
| minister1 = [[Kirtisinh Vaghela]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Food & Civil Supplies
| minister1 = [[Gajendrasinh Parmar]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Social Justice & Empowerment
| minister1 = [[Raghavbhai Makwana]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Urban Development & Urban Housing
| minister1 = Vinod Moradia
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of state in Animal Husbandry
| minister1 = [[Devabhai Malam|Deva Malam]]
| minister1_termstart = 16 September 2021
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
|}
<section end="Cabinet"/>
Source:<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-16|title=24 ministers inducted in Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel's cabinet. Check portfolios|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/24-ministers-take-oath-in-gujarat-cm-bhupendra-patel-s-cabinet-check-portfolios-101631792886866.html|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

===District breakdown===
{{Pie chart
| caption= Representation of Ministers by district
| label1 = Banaskantha
| value1 = 4 | color1 = violet
| label2 = Mehsana
| value2 = 4 | color2 = indigo
| label3 = Sabarkantha
| value3 = 4 | color3 = blue
| label4 = Ahmedabad
| value4 = 12 | color4 = yellow
| label5 = Surendranagar
| value5 = 4 | color5 = green
| label6 = Morbi
| value6 = 4 | color6 = brown
| label7 = Rajkot
| value7 = 4 | color7 = red
| label8 = Jamnagar
| value8 = 4 | color8 = aqua
| label9 = Junagadh
| value9 = 4 | color9 = wheat
| label10 = Bhavnagar
| value10 = 4 | color10 = magenta
| label11 = Kheda
| value11 = 4 | color11 = purple
| label12 = Mahisagar
| value12 = 4 | color12 = pink
| label13 = Bhavnagar
| value13 = 8 | color13 = chocolate
| label14 = Panchmahal
| value14 = 4 | color14 = darkviolet
| label15 = Vadodara
| value15 = 8 | color15 = darkblue
| label16 = Surat
| value16 = 16 | color16 = orange
| label17 = Valsad
| value17 = 8 | color17 = black
| label18 = Navsari
| value18 = 4 | color18 = maroon
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! District
! Ministers
! Name of ministers
|-
|[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
|1
|[[Kirtisinh Vaghela]]
|-
|[[Patan district|Patan]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Mehsana District|Mehsana]]
|1
|[[Rushikesh Patel]]
|-
|[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
|1
|[[Gajendrasinh Parmar]]
|-
|[[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
|3
|[[Bhupendrabhai Patel]] Jagdish Panchal
[[Pradip Parmar]]
|-
|[[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|1
|[[Kiritsinh Rana]]
|-
|[[Morbi district|Morbi]]
|1
|Brijesh Merja
|-
|[[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
|1
|Arvind Raiyani
|-
|[[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|1
|[[Raghavji Patel]]
|-
|[[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Porbandar district|Porbanadar]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|1
|Deva Malam
|-
|[[Gir Somnath district|Somnath]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Amreli district|Amreli]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
|2
|[[Jitu Vaghani]]
R. C. Makwana
|-
|[[Botad district|Botad]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Anand district|Anand]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Kheda district|Kheda]]
|1
|Arjunsinh Chauhan
|-
|[[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
|1
|Kuberbhai Dindor
|-
|[[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
|1
|[[Nimisha Suthar]]
|-
|[[Dahod district|Dahod]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
|2
|[[Rajendra Trivedi]]
Manisha Vakil
|-
|[[Narmada district|Narmada]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Surat district|Surat]]
|4
|[[Purnesh modi|Purnesh Modi]]
[[Harsh Sanghavi]]

[[Mukeshbhai Patel|Mukesh Patel]]

Vinod Moradia
|-
|[[Tapi district|Tapi]]
|—
|—
|-
|[[Dang district, India|Dang]]
|—
|—
|-
|-
|[[Navsari district|Navsari]]
|1
|Nareshbhai Patel
|-
|-
|[[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|2
|Kanubhai Desai
[[Jitu Choudhary]]
|-
|'''Total'''
|25
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry (2021-2022)}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Gujarat|Bhupendrabhai Patel I]]
[[Category:2021 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Gujarat ministries]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2021|Bhupendra I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2022|Bhupendra II]]

List of tourist attractions in Varanasi

2025-12-11T15:19:04Z

BrockVanhoose67: correct citations for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}

[[Varanasi]] is one of the most prominent tourist places in [[India]]. The city attracts millions of domestic and international tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/about-up-tourism/year-wise-tourist-statistics|title=Year-wise Tourist Statistics|website=www.uptourism.gov.in}}</ref> The temples across the city attract [[pilgrim]]s. The [[Ghats in Varanasi|ghats]] and the [[Buddhist]] site [[Sarnath]] attract tourists from abroad. Varanasi is one of the oldest cities in the world, which makes it rich with cultural heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/7-indian-cities-that-are-older-than-time/|title=The Indian Cities That Are Older Than Time|first=Gayatri|last=Sapru|website=Culture Trip}}</ref> The city is home to [[ghats]], [[temples]], and [[museums]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/top-10-offbeat-places-to-visit-in-varanasi/|title=Top 10 Offbeat Places to Visit in Varanasi|date=13 March 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Ahilya Ghat by the Ganges, Varanasi.jpg|thumb|Ahilya Ghat by the Ganges, Varanasi|250px]]

__TOC__

==List==
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
! Types !! Picture !! Attraction !! Period
|-
| Temple|| [[File:Benares- The Golden Temple, India, ca. 1915 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-66).jpg|200px]] || '''[[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]]''' || 1780
|-
| Temple || [[File:New Vishwanath Temple at BHU.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Shri Vishwanath Mandir|New Kashi Vishwanath Temple (BHU)]]''' || 1966
|-
| Temple || [[File:Bharat Mata Mandir Varanasi India - panoramio (3).jpg|200px]] || '''[[Bharat Mata Mandir]]''' || 1936
|-
| Temple || [[File:Durga Mandir, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (2007).jpg|200px]] || '''[[Durga Mandir, Varanasi|Durga Mandir]]''' || 18th Century
|-
| Temple || [[File:Tulsi Manas temple (7122033771).jpg|200px]] || '''[[Tulsi Manas Mandir]]''' || 1964
|-
| Temple || [[File:Sankat Mochan temple entrance, Varanasi - IRCTC 2017 (1).jpg|200px]] || '''[[Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple|Sankat Mochan Mandir]]'''|| 16th Century
|-
| Ghat || [[File:Dashashwamedh Ghat's View Varanasi.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Dashashwamedh Ghat]]''' || 1748
|-
| Ghat || [[File:Sri Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (2012).jpg|200px]]|| '''[[Assi Ghat]]''' || 1988
|-
| Ghat || [[File:Manikarnika Cremation Ghat, Varanasi.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Manikarnika Ghat]]''' || 5th Century
|-
| Ghat || [[File:Scindia ghat at sunrise July 2007.JPG|200px]] || '''[[Scindia Ghat]]''' || 1830
|-
| Ghat || [[File:Tulsi Ghat.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Tulsi Ghat]]''' || 1941
|-
| Fort || [[File:Ramnagar Fort in Varanasi.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Ramnagar Fort]]''' || 1750
|-
| Mosque || [[File:Alamgir Mosque by the Ganges ghats, Varanasi.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Alamgir Mosque|Alamgir Masjid]]''' || 1669
|-
| Tomb || [[File:Tomb Lal Khan.jpg|200px]] || '''Tomb of Lal Khan''' || 1773<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/tomb-of-lal-khan/|title=Tomb of Lal Khan - Most Beautiful Place in Varanasi|date=20 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
| Museum|| [[File:Bharat Kala Bhavan Museum, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Bharat Kala Bhavan]]''' || 1920
|-
| Museum ||[[File:Digansa Yantra.JPG|200px]]|| '''[[Jantar Mantar, Varanasi|Man Mahal Observatory]]''' || 1737
|-
| Park || [[File:RavidasiVaranasi.JPG|200px]] || '''[[Sant Ravidas Ghat|Sant Ravidas Smarak Park]]''' || 2008
|-
| Fort || [[File:Chet Singh Ghat in Varanasi.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Chait Singh|Chet Singh Fort]]''' || 18th Century
|-
| Cathedral || [[File:Saint Mary's Cathedral in Varanasi-1.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi|St. Mary's Cathedral]]''' || 1970
|-
| Church || - || '''St. Thomas Church'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/attractions/st-thomas-church/a/poi-sig/1321755/356519|title=St Thomas' Church | Varanasi, India Attractions|website=Lonely Planet}}</ref> || -
|-
| University || [[File:Central Library BHU.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Benaras Hindu University|Benaras Hindu University (BHU)]]''' || 1916
|-
| Museum || [[File:DeenDayal Hastkala Sankul.png|200px]] || '''Deendayal Hastkala Sankul''' || 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/blogdetail.htm?81|title=Deendayal Hastkala Sankul – A Trade Centre and Museum}}</ref>
|-
| Archaeological || [[File:Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath.jpg|200px]] || '''[[Dhamek Stupa]]''' || 500 CE
|-
| Temple || [[File:Sarnath Buddhist Temple.jpg|200px]] || '''Sarnath Buddhist Temple''' || 649 CE<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinetemple.com/pages/sarnath-temple|title=Sarnath Temple|website=OnlineTemple}}</ref>
|-
| Temple || [[File:Wat Thai Temple.jpg|200px]] || '''Thai Temple''' || 1933<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/sarnath/thai-temple-monastery/ps56473927.cms|title=Thai Temple & Monastery|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref>
|-
| Statue || [[File:The Standing Buddha.jpg|200px]] || '''Standing Buddha''' || 2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Sarnath-gets-countrys-tallest-statue-of-Lord-Buddha/articleshow/7720391.cms|title=Sarnath gets country's tallest statue of Lord Buddha | Varanasi News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| Museum || [[File:Le musée archéologique de Sârnâth (8474898962).jpg|200px]] || '''[[Sarnath Museum]]''' || 1910
|-
| Archaeological || - || '''Chaukhandi Stupa''' || 1589<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/sarnath/chaukhandi-stupa/ps56469880.cms|title=Chaukhandi Stupa|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref>
|-
| Temple || [[File:The Japanese Temple.jpg|200px]] || '''Japanese Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/sarnath/japanese-temple/ps56472823.cms|title=Japanese Temple|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref> || -
|-
| Temple || [[File:The Chinese Temple.jpg|200px]] || '''Chinese Temple'''{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} || -
|-
| Monastery || [[File:Cambodian Monastery.png|200px]] || '''Cambodian Monastery'''<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Cambodian-Buddhist-temple-in-eye-of-storm/articleshow/31186001.cms|title=Sarnath: Cambodian Buddhist temple in eye of storm | Varanasi News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> || 2014<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| Temple || [[File:Tibetan Temple.jpg|200px]] || '''Tibetan Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/sarnath/tibetan-buddhist-monastery/ps56472728.cms|title=Tibetan Buddhist Monastery|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref> || -
|-
| Temple || [[File:The Burmese Temple.png|200px]] || '''Burmese Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiavideo.org/uttarpradesh/travel/burmese-buddhist-temple-sarnath-8771.php|title=Burmese Buddhist Temple, Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Video|website=IndiaVideo}}</ref> || -
|-
| Temple || [[File:The Korean Temple Sarnath.png|200px]] || '''Korean Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/varanasi/sarnath/ps35113218.cms|title=Sarnath|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref> || -
|-
| Temple || [[File:The Sri Lankan Temple.png|200px]] || '''Sri Lankan Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rohitgautamphotography.wordpress.com/2012/07/13/the-sri-lankan-buddhist-temple-sarnathindia-13/|title=The Sri Lankan Buddhist Temple-Sarnath, India.|first=Roshan|last=says|date=13 July 2012}}</ref> || -
|-
| Temple || [[File:Shri Digamber Jain Temple.jpg|200px]] || '''Shri Digamber Jain Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/sarnath/digambar-jain-temple/ps56473011.cms|title=Digambar Jain Temple|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref> || -
|-
| Temple || [[File:The Golden Temple Sarnath.png|200px]] || '''Golden Temple'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g297685-d3727502-r517857470-Tibetan_Temple-Varanasi_Varanasi_District_Uttar_Pradesh.html|title=Golden Temple near Sarnath - Review of Tibetan Temple, Varanasi, India|website=Tripadvisor}}</ref> || -
|-
| Park/Zoo || [[File:Sarnath Mini Zoo.png|200px]] || '''[[Sarnath Deer Park]]''' || 1956<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/reports/english/anuual%20report%202016-17%20of%20Sarnath%20Deer%20Park%20Varanasi.pdf|title=Varanasi Forest Division}}</ref>
|-
| Park || [[File:Garden of Spritual Wisdom.png|200px]] || '''Garden of Spiritual Wisdom'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gardenofspiritualwisdom.org/|title=Garden of Spiritual Wisdom|website=www.gardenofspiritualwisdom.org}}</ref> || -
|-
|Statue
|[[File:Sarnath lion (cropped).jpg|none|thumb]]
|[[Ashokan Pillar of Sarnath]]
|250 BCE
|}

==See also==
*[[Hindu temples in Varanasi]]
*[[Ghats in Varanasi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tourism in India}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Varanasi| ]]
[[Category:Varanasi-related lists|Tourism]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in India by populated place|Varanasi]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Uttar Pradesh|Varanasi]]

Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission

2025-12-09T01:10:27Z

BrockVanhoose67: made new article...

{{Short description|Statutory body in Madhya Pradesh, India}}{{Infobox high court
| court_name = Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission
| native_name = मध्य प्रदेश राज्य सूचना आयोग
| established = 22 August 2005
| jurisdiction = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| location = 35-B, Arera Hills, Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)-462011.<ref name="mpic ref1">{{cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission |url=http://sic.mp.gov.in/contact.php |website=Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
| appealsto =
| terms = 3 years from the date of entering office or up to 65 years of age (whichever is earlier)
| authority = [[Right to Information Act, 2005]]
| website = http://sic.mp.gov.in/contact.php
| motto = {{langx|sa|सूचना जनाधिकार:॥}} ''({{transliteration|sa|Soochna Janadhikaraha}}) {{translation}} Information is the right of the people.''
| chiefjudgetitle = State Chief Information Commissioner
| chiefjudgename = Vijay Yadav
| chiefjudgetitle2 =
| chiefjudgename2 =
}}

The '''Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission''' is an [[Autonomy|autonomous]] and [[Statute|statutory]] body constituted by the state government of [[Madhya Pradesh]] through a notification in [[Government gazette|official Gazette]].

== History and objective ==

Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission has to be constituted as per The Right to Information Act, 2005 by the State Governments in India through a notification in official Gazette.<ref name="sic ref1">{{cite news |title=State Information Commission: Composition, Power and Functions |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/state-information-commission-1438319829-1 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=jagranjosh.com |date=30 March 2019}}</ref>

Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission is formed to take up the following:<ref name="sic ref12">{{cite news |title=The decline of India's right to information regime, in four charts |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/the-decline-of-india-s-right-to-information-regime-in-four-charts-11604385637705.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=livemint |date=4 November 2020}}</ref>

* Appeals on the information shared by various government entities under the Right to Information Act.<ref name="mpic ref2">{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh: State Information Commission notice to MPPSC public information officer, asks why Rs 25,000 fine be not imposed |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-state-information-commission-notice-to-mppsc-public-information-officer-asks-why-rs-25000-fine-be-not-imposed |access-date=19 January 2022 |publisher=freepressjournal.in |date=28 August 2021}}</ref>
* Complaints on refusal to give information or in relation to inability to file Right to Information Act.<ref name="mpic ref5">{{cite news |title=RTI Madhya Pradesh State Information Commissioner Issues Arrest Warrant Against Non-Compliant Public Information Officer |url=https://www.livelaw.in/rti/madhya-pradesh-state-information-commissioner-arrest-warrant-non-compliant-public-information-officer-182276 |access-date=19 January 2022 |publisher=livelaw.in |date=23 September 2021}}</ref>
* Commission should get annual report from various departments working in the state about complaints received under Right to Information Act, 2005 and their responses on the same.

Madhya Pradesh Information Commission occasionally conducts awareness programmes on implementation of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 effectively by general public.<ref name="mpic ref4">{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Sidharth |title=Now, dial M.P. Information Commission helpline for RTI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/now-dial-mp-information-commission-helpline-for-rti/article33196980.ece |access-date=19 January 2022 |publisher=thehindu.com |date=28 November 2020}}</ref>

A.K.Shukla is the current Chief Information commissioner of Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission.<ref name="mpic ref3">{{cite news |title='Info in One Click': MP Information Commissioner On Decision Behind Revolutionary Order On RTI |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/info-in-one-click-mp-information-commissioner-on-decision-behind-revolutionary-order-on-rti-3465743.html |access-date=19 January 2022 |publisher=news18.com |date=23 February 2021}}</ref>

== Tenure and service ==

Any vacancy in the State Information Commission has to be filled within six months from the date of vacancy.<ref name="sic ref7">{{cite news |title=SC Asks States for Updates on Vacancies, Pendency in Information Commissions |url=https://thewire.in/government/sc-orders-state-to-file-status-reports-on-information-commissions |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Wire |date=19 August 2021}}</ref>

Madhya Pradesh Chief Information Commissioner (CIC), Information Commissioner (IC) and State Information Commissioner's salaries, allowances and other service terms and conditions are equivalent to a Judge of the Supreme Court.<ref name="sic ref10">{{cite news |title=RTI Bill 2019: Undermining autonomy of information commissions and transparency in governance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rti-bill-2019-undermining-autonomy-of-information-commissions-and-transparency-in-governance-1571439-2019-07-19 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=indiatoday.in |date=19 July 2019}}</ref>

== Powers and functions ==

The commission under powers granted to it can secure from the public authorities compliance of any of its decisions.

Commission is duty bound to receive and conduct enquiry into any complaint received from any person.

The commission has civil judicial authority for issuing summons requiring examination of any witnesses or related documents or any other prescribed matters relating to complaint.

Any provision under which summons were issued and as per which attendance is required of persons and requires them to give written or oral evidence under an oath and producing documents or other details relevant to it.

Provision requiring evidence on stamped [[affidavit]].

Powers relating to request from any court or office of any public record.

Commission under the powers can recommend steps which can be taken for confirming to the provisions of the act if any public authority fails to do so.

== Challenges ==

Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission are overburdened with backlog cases, similar to [[Central Vigilance Commission]].<ref name="sic ref8">{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Soni |title=Central Information Commission headless for 5th time in 6 years |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/27/central-information-commission-headless-for-5th-time-in-6-years.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=the week |date=27 August 2020}}</ref> A shortage of available staff has produced a backlog of cases filed.<ref name="sic ref4">{{cite news |last1=sharma |first1=nidhi |title=Info commissions have a waiting time of over one year for an applicant seeking information under RTI Act: Report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/info-commissions-have-a-waiting-time-of-over-one-year-for-an-applicant-seeking-information-under-rti-act-report/articleshow/86946016.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=economictimes |date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="sic ref5">{{cite news |title=Over 32,000 RTI appeals pending with Central Information Commission: Govt. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-32000-rti-appeals-pending-with-central-information-commission-govt/article37969462.ece |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=thehindu.com |date=16 December 2021}}</ref>Uttar Pradesh has the largest backlog as of October 2014. States like Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura didn't have pending complaints.<ref name="sic ref6">{{cite news |title=21 of 29 state information commissions did not hold any RTI hearings during lockdown |url=https://theprint.in/india/21-of-29-state-information-commissions-did-not-hold-any-rti-hearings-during-lockdown/426103/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Print |date=21 May 2020}}</ref> State Information Commission as per the provision has limited to provide information and cannot take any action.

In spite of above limitation, Madhya Pradesh State Information Commissions plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency in public life and supports in greater way in checking corruption, combating oppression, preventing nepotism and misuse of the public authority.

A survey conducted by [[Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative]], showed that most State Information Commission in India were inactive during Covid pandemic.<ref name="sic ref11">{{cite news |title=State information commissions inactive during COVID-19: Survey |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/state-information-commissions-inactive-during-covid-19-survey-70736 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=downtoearth |date=28 April 2020}}</ref>

== Related articles ==

[[Central Information Commission]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sic.mp.gov.in/contact.php Official website]



[[Category:Indian commissions and inquiries]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption measures in India]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption agencies]]

Living root bridge

2025-12-05T16:26:27Z

BrockVanhoose67: expanded intro for accuracy further and fixed typos

{{Short description|Type of pedestrian bridge made with live trees}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox bridge
| name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Living root bridges, Nongriat village, Meghalaya2.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt = Double living root bridge in East Khasi Hills
| caption = Double living root bridge in East Khasi Hills (2011)
| carries =
| crosses = Creeks
| locale =
| other_name =
| named_for =
| heritage =
| website =
| design =
| material = Living trees roots
| material1 = Rocks
| length = examples over 50m
| width = examples over {{convert|1.5|m|ft|sigfig=1}}
| height =
| depth =
| life = up to 500 years
| num_track =
| architect = War Khasis, War Jaintias, Konyak Nagas, Baduy people, and other groups
| traffic =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_dot_label =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
}}

[[File:10 Shnongpdei 1.JPG|thumb|Local Khasis using the young, pliable aerial roots of a fig tree to create a new railing for a bridge near the village of Kongthong]]

'''Living root bridges''' are a kind of [[tree shaping]] in which rivers are spanned by bridges formed out of the roots of [[ficus]] plants. Due to their being made from living, growing trees, they "show a very wide variety of structural typologies, with various aspects of particular bridges resembling characteristics of [[suspension bridge]]s, [[cable-stayed bridge]]s, arches, [[truss]]es, and simply-supported beams."<ref name="Ludwig 12226">{{Cite journal |last1=Ludwig |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Middleton |first2=Wilfrid |last3=Gallenmüller |first3=Friederike |last4=Rogers |first4=Patrick |last5=Speck |first5=Thomas |date=2019-08-22 |title=Living bridges using aerial roots of ficus elastica – an interdisciplinary perspective |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=12226 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-48652-w |pmid=31439904 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6706416}}</ref> They are common in the [[India]]n state of [[Meghalaya]].

The structures are handmade from the [[aerial root]]s of rubber fig trees (''[[Ficus elastica]]''<ref name="Readers">{{Citation |last=Lewin |first=Brent |title=India's living Bridges |date=November 2012 |work=Reader's Digest Australia |pages=82–89 |url=http://www.readersdigest.com.au/indias-living-bridges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116032702/http://www.readersdigest.com.au/indias-living-bridges |archive-date=2012-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Living Root Bridge in Laitkynsew India |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Living-Root-Bridge-48779.htm |access-date=2010-02-22 |publisher=www.india9.com}}</ref>) by the [[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[Pnar people|Jaiñtia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-21 |title=End of Khasi-Pnar benevolence |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2011/11/21/end-of-khasi-pnar-benevolence/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Shillong Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Ludwig 12226"/> peoples of the mountainous terrain along the southern part of the [[Shillong Plateau]]. Most of the bridges grow on steep slopes of subtropical moist broadleaf forest between {{convert|50|and|1150|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref>Ludwig, Ferdinand & Middleton, Wilfrid & Gallenmüller, Friederike & Rogers, Patrick & Speck, Thomas. (2019). Living bridges using aerial roots of ficus elastica – an interdisciplinary perspective. Scientific Reports. 9. 10.1038/s41598-019-48652-w.</ref>

As long as the tree from which it is formed remains healthy, the roots in the bridge can naturally grow thick and strengthen. New roots can grow throughout the tree's life and must be pruned or manipulated to strengthen the bridge. Once mature, some bridges can have as many as 50 or more people crossing, and have a lifespan of several hundred years.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Ludwig |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Middleton |first2=Wilfrid |last3=Gallenmüller |first3=Friederike |last4=Rogers |first4=Patrick |last5=Speck |first5=Thomas |date=2019-08-22 |title=Living bridges using aerial roots of ficus elastica – an interdisciplinary perspective |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=12226 |bibcode=2019NatSR...912226L |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-48652-w |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6706416 |pmid=31439904 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Biotecture">{{Cite book |last1=Chithra |first1=K. |title=Implementing Campus Greening Initiatives |last2=Krishnan |first2=K. Amritha |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2015 |isbn=978-3-319-11960-1 |location=Switzerland |pages=113–124}}</ref> Without active care, many bridges have decayed or grown wild, becoming unusable.<ref>Middleton, Wilfrid & Habibi, Amin & Shankar, Sanjeev & Ludwig, Ferdinand. (2020). Characterizing Regenerative Aspects of Living Root Bridges. Sustainability. 12. 10.3390/su12083267.</ref> Written documentation of living root bridges was sparse until the 2010s, but in 2017, researchers geo-located a total of 75 living root bridges.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Middleton |first1=Wilfrid |last2=Habibi |first2=Amin |last3=Shankar |first3=Sanjeev |last4=Ludwig |first4=Ferdinand |date=2020-04-17 |title=Characterizing Regenerative Aspects of Living Root Bridges |journal=Sustainability |volume=12 |issue=8 |pages=3267 |doi=10.3390/su12083267 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Living root bridges have also been created in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Living Root Bridges of Nagaland India – Nyahnyu Village Mon District {{!}} Guy Shachar |url=http://guyshachar.com/en/2016/living-root-bridges-nagaland-india-mon-myahnyu/ |access-date=2017-09-07 |website=guyshachar.com |date=16 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref> in [[Indonesia]] at [[Jembatan akar]] on the island of [[Sumatra]], and in the [[Banten]] province of [[Java]], by the [[Baduy people]].<ref name="atlasobscura">{{Citation |last=Grundhauser |first=Eric |title=WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA Jembatan Akar |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/jembatan-akar |publisher=Atlasobscura}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:LIVING ROOT BRIDGE H YULE.jpg|thumb|Living root bridge by Henry Yule published in Journal of Asiatic Society, 1844]]
The [[Khasi people]] do not know when or how the tradition of living root bridges started. In Khasi mythology, their ancestors descended from a living roots ladder that connected heaven and earth, ''jingkieng ksiar.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watson |first=Julia |author-link=Julia Watson (landscape designer) |title=Lo-TEK : design by radical indigenism |date=2020 |others=Wade Davis |isbn=978-3-8365-7818-9 |location=Cologne |pages=50 |oclc=1130119634}}</ref> Historically, the earliest written record of Sohra's (Cherrapunji's) living root bridges is by [[Henry Yule]], who expressed astonishment about them in the 1844 ''Journal of the [[Asiatic Society of Bengal]]''.<ref name="Readers" />

== Methods of creation ==

A living root bridge is formed by guiding the pliable roots of the [[Ficus elastica|rubber fig]] tree across a stream or river, and then allowing the roots to grow and strengthen over time until they can hold the weight of a human being. The young roots are sometimes tied or twisted together, and are often encouraged to combine via the process of [[inosculation]]. As the rubber fig tree is well suited to anchoring itself to steep slopes and rocky surfaces, it is not difficult to encourage its roots to take hold on the opposite sides of river banks.<ref name="Cherrapunjee" /><ref name="Laitkynsew" />

As they are made from living, growing organisms, the useful lifespan of any given living root bridge is variable. It is thought that, under ideal conditions, a root bridge can last for many hundreds of years. As long as the tree from which it is formed remains healthy, the bridge will naturally self-renew and self-strengthen as its component roots grow thicker.<ref name="Cherrapunjee">{{Cite web |title=Cherrapunjee.com: A Dream Place |url=http://www.cherrapunjee.com/index.php?mid=66&pid=66 |access-date=2010-05-07 |publisher=Cherrapunjee Holiday Resort}}</ref><ref name="Laitkynsew">{{Cite web |date=2005-10-21 |title=Living Root Bridge |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Living-Root-Bridge-48779.htm |access-date=2010-05-07 |publisher=Online Highways LLC}}</ref>

A root bridge can be made in several ways:

=== By hand ===
[[File:Root bridge, Burma village.jpg|thumb|A root bridge in Burma Village, East Khasi Hills, being developed without the aid of a scaffold (2016)]]

Some living root bridges are created entirely by manipulating the roots of the rubber fig tree by hand, and without the aid of a scaffolding or any other natural or human-made materials.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2017-05-05 |title=How are Living Root Bridges Made? |url=https://livingrootbridges.com/methods-of-creating-living-root-bridges/ |access-date=2017-09-04 |work=The Living Root Bridge Project |language=en-US}}</ref>

Often, locals using root bridges will make small alterations to them, manipulating young roots as the opportunity presents itself. Because of this, one can say that the development of a living root bridge is very much a social endeavor and that the structures are perpetual works in progress.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

=== Wood or bamboo scaffold ===
[[File:Rangthylliang new bridge.jpg|left|thumb|A root bridge being grown using a wood and bamboo scaffold. Rangthylliang, East Khasi Hills (2016)]]

Root bridges are also commonly formed by training young rubber fig roots over scaffolds made from wood or bamboo, materials which are abundant in Northeast India. In these instances, the roots are wrapped around the outside of the perishable material. The scaffolds may be replaced many times over the years as the root bridge becomes stronger.<ref name=":3" />

=== Areca Palm trunks ===
[[File:Double Decker Areca Trunk method.jpg|thumb|A living root bridge is being developed with rubber fig strands being guided along a halved areca palm trunk (2016)]]

Some living root bridges are grown by training young rubber fig roots through the hollowed-out trunks of [[Areca catechu|areca nut palms]]. The pliable tree roots are made to grow through [[betel tree]] trunks<ref name="BBC13A">{{Cite web |last=Vallangi |first=Neelima |title=Indias amazing living root bridges |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20150218-indias-amazing-living-root-bridges?ocid=fbtvl |access-date=27 August 2015 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name=Biotecture/> which have been placed across rivers and streams until the figs' roots attach themselves to the other side. The trunks serve to guide the roots,<ref name="Living Architecture" /> to protect them, and provide them with nutrients as they decay.<ref name=":3" /> Sticks, stones, and other objects are used to stabilize the growing bridge.<ref name="Readers" /> This process can take up to 15 years to complete.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Russ |date=6 October 2011 |title=Re-Envisioning Our Environment |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/re-envisioning-our-environment-2011-10 |access-date=24 July 2018 |work=Business Insider}}</ref>

=== Conventional structures ===
[[File:Hybrid root-steel bridge. .jpg|thumb|Rubber fig roots have been trained across a pre-existing steel bridge, in the hope that eventually, as the steel elements fail, the roots will form into a usable living root bridge (2016)]]

Root bridges can also be trained by guiding the young roots of rubber fig trees across conventional structures, such as already existing steel wire suspension bridges.<ref name=":3" /> As the structure being used as a scaffold is already functional, the problem of the length of time it takes for a root bridge to become functional is here essentially bypassed; the conventional structure can be used until the more sustainable root bridge is sufficiently strong.<ref name=":3" />

== Distribution ==
{{see also | List of districts of Meghalaya }}
[[File:1 Rangthylliang 1.JPG|thumb|[[Rangthylliang 1 root bridge]], over {{convert|50|m}} in length, is the longest known example]]

=== West Jaintia and East Khasi districts ===

Living root bridges are known to occur in the [[West Jaintia Hills district]] and [[East Khasi Hills district]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Patrick A. |date=2015-09-02 |title=evenfewergoats: The Undiscovered Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya Part 1: Bridges of The Umngot River Basin |url=http://evenfewergoats.blogspot.com/2015/09/the-undiscovered-living-root-bridges-of.html |access-date=2015-10-04 |website=evenfewergoats}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Patrick A. |date=2015-09-14 |title=evenfewergoats: The Undiscovered Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya Part 2: Bridges Near Pynursla |url=http://evenfewergoats.blogspot.com/2015/09/the-undiscovered-living-root-bridges-of_14.html |access-date=2015-10-04 |website=evenfewergoats}}</ref> In the Jaintia Hills, examples of living root bridges can be found in and around the villages of Shnongpdeng, Nongbareh, [[Khonglah]], Padu, Kudeng Thymmai, Siej and Kudeng Rim.<ref name=":0" /> In the East Khasi Hills, living root bridges nearby [[Cherrapunji]] are known to exist in and around the villages of Tynrong,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Patrick A. |date=2014-01-26 |title=evenfewergoats: An Unknown Living Root Bridge |url=http://evenfewergoats.blogspot.com/2014/01/an-unknown-living-root-bridge.html |access-date=2015-10-04 |website=evenfewergoats}}</ref> Mynteng, [[Nongriat]], [[Nongthymmai]], and [[Laitkynsew]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cherrapunjee |url=http://www.cherrapunjee.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704080658/http://www.cherrapunjee.com/ |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=2015-10-04 |website=Cherrapunjee}}</ref>

East of Cherrapunji, examples of living root bridges are known to exist in the Khatarshnong region, in and around the villages of Nongpriang, Sohkynduh, [[Kongthong]], Rymmai, and Mawshuit.<ref name="m3">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Patrick A. |date=2015-09-24 |title=evenfewergoats: The Undiscovered Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya Part 3: Bridges of the 12 Villages |url=http://evenfewergoats.blogspot.com/2015/09/the-undiscovered-living-root-bridges-of_24.html |access-date=2015-10-04 |website=evenfewergoats}}</ref> Many more can be found near the town of Pynursla, including in the villages of Mawkyrnot and Rangthylliang<ref name="At the Heart of Living Root Bridge">{{Cite web |title=At the Heart of Living Root Bridge |url=https://www.meghalayatourism.in/experiences-4/at-the-heart-of-the-worlds-longest-living-root-bridge/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Meghalaya Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref>and [[Mawlynnong]].

=== Notable root bridges ===
[[File:27 Padu 3.JPG|thumb|The double-decker two-lane living root bridge of Padu Village (2015)<ref name=":0" />]]

At over {{convert|50|m}} in length, the longest known example of a living root bridge<ref name="At the Heart of Living Root Bridge"/> is near the small Khasi town of Pynursla in [[India]], which can be accessed from either the village of Mawkyrnot or Rangthylliang. This bridge is known as [[Rangthylliang 1 Root Bridge|Rangthylliang bridge]].<ref name="Living Architecture">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas Vallas |date=25 May 2017 |others=peer reviewer Luc Courard |title=Using nature in architecture Building a living house with mycelium and trees |url=http://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/frontiers-of-architectural-research/ |journal=Frontiers of Architectural Research}}</ref>

There are several examples of double living-root bridges, the most famous being the "Double Decker" root bridge of Nongriat which is estimated to be 200 years old.<ref name=":4" /> There are three known examples of double-decker bridges with two parallel or nearly parallel spans. Two are in the West Jaintia Hills near the villages of Padu and Nongbareh,<ref name=":0" /> and one is in Burma Village, in the East Khasi Hills.<ref name=":0" /> There is also a "Double Decker" (or possibly even "Triple Decker") near the village of Rangthylliang, close to Pynursla.<ref name=":1" />

In July 2025, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman visited the iconic living root bridge in Siej village, East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, a UNESCO‑recognized ecological marvel. On the occasion, she praised the community, stating:
{{blockquote|For over a hundred years, you have maintained a culture that respects nature and fosters sustainable mobility—even finding ways to connect across rivers without violating the living trees.{{pb}}At a time when the world is searching for sustainable solutions, the people of Siej have shown what is possible through simple, nature‑aligned practices. You have found a way to survive, move, and grow without harming your surroundings. It is extraordinary how local indigenous solutions can serve as global examples.<ref>{{cite web title=Sitharaman lauds Meghalaya's living root bridges, calls them global example of eco-wisdom url=https://assamtribune.com/assam/sitharaman-lauds-meghlayas-living-root-bridges-calls-them-global-example-of-eco-wisdom-1584610 website=The Assam Tribune date=July 2025 access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref>}}

=== Other root structures ===
The [[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[Pnar people|Jaiñtia]] also make several other kinds of structures out of the aerial roots of rubber trees. These include ladders and platforms.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Patrick A. |date=2015-10-01 |title=evenfewergoats: The Undiscovered Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya Part 4: Living Root Ladders and other uses for living root architecture |url=http://evenfewergoats.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-undiscovered-living-root-bridges-of.html |access-date=2015-10-04 |website=evenfewergoats}}</ref> For example, in the village of Kudeng Rim in the West Jaintia Hills, a rubber tree next to a football field has been modified so that its branches can serve as living root [[bleacher]]s. Aerial roots of the tree have been interwoven in the spaces between several branches so that platforms have been created from which villagers can watch football games.<ref name=":2" />
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{commons category|Living root bridges}}
* [[Baubotanik]]: Building with both technical joints and plant growth.
* [[Breathing bridge]]
* [[Espalier]]: Old practice of training fruit trees into flat two-dimensional forms
* [[Fab Tree Hab]]: hypothetical home of shaped trees
* [[List of longest bridges above water in India]]
* [[Pleaching]]: Way of creating a hedge with plants for stock control
* [[Topiary]]: The clipping of foliage of perennial plants into clearly defined shapes

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=The Living Natural Root Bridges in Meghalaya |website=sweetsixteencafe.com |date=2014-11-05 |url=http://www.sweetsixteencafe.com/living-natural-root-bridges-meghalaya.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510024812/http://www.sweetsixteencafe.com/living-natural-root-bridges-meghalaya.html/ |archive-date=2015-05-10 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |last=Singh |first=Manpriya |title=A Spectacular Fusion of Nature and Human Skill |website=Unbelievable Facts |date=2013-04-24 |url=http://unbelievable-facts.com/2013/04/natures-marvel-living-root-bridges-of.html |access-date=2025-05-30}}
* {{cite web |title=Living Root Bridges |website=Timothy Allen |date=2011-03-21 |url=https://humanplanet.com/timothyallen/2011/03/living-root-bridges-bbc-human-planet/ |access-date=2025-05-30}}
* {{cite web |title=Living Root Bridges of Cherrapunji |website=Inhabitat |url=https://inhabitat.com/tag/living-root-bridges-of-cherrapunji/ |access-date=2025-05-30}}
* {{cite web |title=Living Root Bridges at Cherrapunji In Megahalya |website=blotub.com |date=2015-11-04 |url=http://www.blotub.com/living-root-bridges/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063712/http://www.blotub.com/living-root-bridges/ |archive-date=2015-11-17 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |title=The Living Root Bridge of Meghalaya |website=Family on the wheels |date=2019-01-15 |url=https://www.familyonthewheels.com/the-living-root-bridge-of-meghalaya/ |access-date=2025-05-30}}
* {{cite web |last=Rogers |first=Patrick |title=The Living Root Bridge Project |website=livingrootbridges.com |date=2018-12-10 |url=https://livingrootbridges.com/ |access-date=2025-05-30}}
* {{cite web |last=Rathnayake |first=Zinara |title=The ingenious living bridges of India |website=BBC Home |date=2021-11-18 |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211117-how-indias-living-bridges-could-transform-architecture |access-date=2025-05-30}}
* {{cite web |title=The Travel Show, India: Episode Two, The 'living bridges' made from tree roots |website=[[The Travel Show (TV series)|The Travel Show]], [[BBC]] |date=2017-03-23 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04xr8nv |access-date=2025-05-30}}

{{Tourism in India}}

[[Category:Bridges in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Living root bridges| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Transport in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Tree shaping]]

Diocese of Jammu–Srinagar

2025-12-01T20:49:51Z

BrockVanhoose67:

{{Short description|Latin Catholic diocese in northern India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Jammu - Srinagar
|latin = Dioecesis Iammuensis-Srinagarensis
|local = जम्मू श्रीनगर के सूबा
|country = {{flag|India}}
|metropolitan = [[Archdiocese of Delhi|Delhi]]
|province = [[Archdiocese of Delhi|Delhi]]
|denomination = [[Catholic]]
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
|rite = [[Roman Rite]]
| established ={{start date and age|df=yes|1952|01|17}}
|cathedral = [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Jammu]]
|cocathedral =
|patron = [[Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary]]
|parishes = 42
|area_km2 = 222,236
|population = 13,384,000
|population_as_of = 2018
|schools=22|catholics = 7,950
|catholics_percent= 0.1
| priests = 43
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Ivan Pereira]]
|metro_archbishop = [[Anil Joseph Thomas Couto]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|map=Roman Catholic Diocese of Jammu-Srinagar in India.jpg|website = http://www.jammusrinagardiocese.org
|image=|coat=|flag=|territory=|headquarters=
|churches=
|founded=
|dissolved=
|language=
|vicar_general=Fr. Jose Vadakkel}}

The '''Diocese of Jammu–Srinagar''' ({{langx|la| Iammuen(sis)-Srinagaren(sis)}}) is a [[Latin Catholic]] [[diocese]] located in the cities of [[Jammu]] and [[Srinagar]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Delhi|Delhi]] in India.

== History ==
Catholicism dates back to 1887 in Jammu and Kashmir. The [[Apostolic Prefecture of Kafiristan and Kashmir|Apostolic Prefecture of Kafirstan and Kashmir]] was erected from the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lahore|Diocese of Lahore]] in 1887. The Prefecture, composed of [[Rawalpindi]], [[Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]], was looked after by the [[Saint Joseph's Missionary Society of Mill Hill|Mill Hill Missionary]]. Msgr. Ignatius Brouwer MHM was appointed as the first Prefect Apostolic with Rawalpindi as his headquarters. The Apostolic prefecture of Kashmir and Jammu was created on 17 January 1952. Msgr. George Shanks MHM was appointed as the Prefect Apostolic. On 4 May 1968 the Prefecture was renamed as Apostolic Prefecture of Jammu and Kashmir. The Prefecture was entrusted to the Capuchins of St. Joseph's Province, Kerala in 1978 and Rev. [[Hippolytus Anthony Kunnunkal|Fr. Hippolytus Kunnunkal OFM Cap]]., was appointed as the first Indian Prefect Apostolic. Prefecture was converted into a Diocese in 1986 and Fr. Hippolytus Kunnunkal OFM Cap was appointed the first Bishop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jammusrinagardiocese.org/pages/history|title=Diocese of Jammu - Srinagar {{!}} A diocese was erected on September 7, 1986, with St. Mary's Jammu Cantt, as Cathedral|website=www.jammusrinagardiocese.org|access-date=2018-09-01}}</ref>

== Present ==
The diocese currently comprises four regions:

# Jammu Region
# Kashmir Region
# Ladakh Region
# Poonch Region

==Leadership==

**Msgr. Ignatius Brouwer MHM, Prefect of Kafristan & Kashmir - (1887 - 1894)
**Msgr. Reyndes MHM, Prefect Of Kafristan & Kashmir - (1894 - 1899)
**Msgr. Wagener MHM, Prefect Of Kafristan & Kshmir - (1899 - 1914)
**Msgr. Winkley MHM, Prefect Of Kafristan & Kashmir - (1914 - 1933)
**Msgr. O' Donhoe MHM, Prefect of Kafristan & Kashmir - (1933 - 1943)
**Msgr. Mayer MHM, Pro-Prefect Of Kafristan & Kashmir - (1943 - 1952)
**Msgr. George shanks MHM, Prefect Apostolic of Kashmir & Jammu - (1952 - 1962)
**Msgr. John Boerkamp MHM, Prefect Apostolic of Kashmir & Jammu - (1962 - 1978)
**[[Hippolytus Anthony Kunnunkal|Msgr. Hippolytus Kunnankal OFM Cap]]. Prefect Apostolic of Kashmir & Jammu - (1978 - 1986)
**[[Hippolytus Anthony Kunnunkal|Most Rev. Hippolytus, Kunnunkal OFM Cap]]., Bishop of Jammu - Srinagar Diocese - (1986 - 1998)
**[[Peter Celestine Elampassery|Most Rev. Peter Celestine OFM Cap]]., Bishop of Jammu - Srinagar Diocese - (1998 - 2014)
**[[Ivan Pereira|Most Rev. Ivan Pereira]], Bishop of Jammu - Srinagar Diocese - (2014–present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jammusrinagardiocese.org/pages/history|title=Diocese of Jammu - Srinagar {{!}} A diocese was erected on September 7, 1986, with St. Mary's Jammu Cantt, as Cathedral|website=www.jammusrinagardiocese.org|access-date=2018-09-01}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jamm0.htm GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djamm.html Catholic Hierarchy]

==External links==
* [http://www.jammusrinagardiocese.org Catholic Diocese of Jammu–Srinagar website]

{{coord|32|42|N|74|51|E|type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jammu-Srinagar}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1952]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in India]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

List of surveys in India

2025-11-24T15:18:22Z

BrockVanhoose67: made stub...

{{short description|Surveys in India}}
With the establishment of [[Survey of India]] by the [[East India Company]] in 1767, commenced the first modern scientific survey in [[India]]. This is the list of surveys conducted in India.

== Government organisations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1px; border:1px solid #ccc;"
|- style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" "
! Name
! Established
! Ministry
! Reference
|-
| [[Survey of India]]
| 1767
| [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survey of India |url=https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=www.surveyofindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| [[Geological Survey of India]]
| 1851
| [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |access-date=2022-06-06 |title=Geological Survey of India |url=https://www.gsi.gov.in/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| 1861
| [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asiegov.gov.in/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=asiegov.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| [[Botanical Survey of India]]
| 1890
| [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |access-date=2022-06-06 |title=Botanical Survey of India |url=https://bsi.gov.in/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zoological Survey of India]]
| 1916
| Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
| <ref>{{Cite web |access-date=2022-06-06 |title=Zoological Survey of India |url=https://zsi.gov.in/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Anthropological Survey of India]]
| 1945
| Ministry of Culture
| <ref>{{Cite web |access-date=2022-06-06 |title=Anthropological Survey of India |url=https://ansi.gov.in/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Forest Survey of India]]
| 1981
| Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
| <ref>{{Cite web |access-date=2022-06-06 |title=Forest Survey of India |url=https://www.fsi.nic.in/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fishery Survey of India]]
| 1985
| [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fishery Survey of India |url=https://fsi.gov.in/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=fsi.gov.in}}</ref>
|}

== Other surveys ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1px; border:1px solid #ccc;"
|- style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" "
! Name
! Time period
! Conductor
|-
| [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]]
| 1802 - 1806
| [[East India Company]]
|-
| [[Linguistic Survey of India]]
| 1894 - 1928
| [[British Raj]]
|-
| [[Economic Survey of India]]
| 1950 - present
| [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]
|-
| [[National Family Health Survey]]
| 1992 - present
| [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
|-
| [[National Achievement Survey]]
| 2001 - present
| [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]]
|-
| [[All India Survey of Higher Education]]
| 2010 - present
| Ministry of Education
|-
| [[National Food Survey (India)|National Food Survey]]
| 1992 - 2007
| [[IMRB International]]
|-
| [[India Human Development Survey]]
| 2005, 2012
| [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]
|-
| [[People's Linguistic Survey of India]]
| 2010 - 2012
| Bhasha Research and Publication Centre
|}

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[National Archives of India]]
* [[India Meteorological Department]]
* [[India Post]]
* [[Indian Railways]]
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[Central Public Works Department]]
* [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
* [[Indian Science Congress Association]]
* [[The Asiatic Society]]
* [[United Service Institution]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Surveying of India]]
[[Category:Lists of government agencies in India|Surveys]]

Daya (TV series)

2025-10-26T00:30:44Z

BrockVanhoose67: Started new details...

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| caption =
| image = Daya.jpeg
| image_alt =
| screenplay =
| creative_director = Gireesh Konni
| director =
| story = Dinesh Pallath
| writer =
| developer =
| creator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Pallavi Gowda]]|[[Sarath Das]]|Sandeep Mohan}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| producer =
| company = [[Endemol Shine]]
| location = [[Trivandrum]]
| editor =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| num_episodes = 333
| language = Malayalam
| country = India
| network = [[Asianet (TV channel)|Star Asianet]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|11|01|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|11|26|df=yes}}
| runtime = 22 minutes
| related = {{Plainlist|
* ''Bala Hanuman''
* ''Gorintaku''
}}
}}

'''''Daya: Chentheeyil Chaalicha Kumkumapottu''''' is an Indian television drama series that premiered on 1 November 2021 on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and digital platform [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=New show 'Daya' to premiere today; director Girish Konni says 'If viewers can accept the show, it will surely bring a change in the industry' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/new-show-daya-to-premiere-today-director-girish-konni-says-if-viewers-can-accept-the-show-it-will-surely-bring-a-change-in-the-industry/articleshow/87464519.cms|access-date=2021-11-13|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=ശരതും പല്ലവിയും ഒന്നിക്കുന്ന പുതിയ പരമ്പര 'ദയ' തുടങ്ങി|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/sarath-das-pallavi-gowda-starrer-daya-serial-starts/articleshow/87491342.cms|access-date=2021-11-13|work=Samayam Malayalam|language=ml}}</ref> It was produced by [[Endemol Shine]] and stars [[Pallavi Gowda]] in the title role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/asianet-to-telecast-its-new-serial-daya-from-1st-november/|title = Asianet to telecast its new serial 'Daya' from 1st November|date = 30 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/daya-serial-asianet-cast-crew/|title = Daya Serial Asianet Starring Actress Pallavi Gowda in Lead Role}}</ref> The show talks about the social topic of Woman empowerment. The show aired its last episode on 26 November 2022.

==Synopsis==
The show is about a bold lady named Daya. She does not fear anything and believes in taking on challenges head-on. She along with her mother, navigate life as they go through thick and thin together.

==Cast==
*[[Pallavi Gowda]] as Daya Jeevan, Jeevan's wife, Kaithakkal Achuthan and Janaki's daughter
*[[Sarath Das]] as [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate#India|Sub Collector]] Rendeep [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
**Sayoojya's husband and Allimol's father.
* Sandeep Mohan as Jeevan, Daya's husband
**MLA Chemberi Vishwanathan and Mallika's son
*Dayana Hameed as Sayoojya Rendeep
**Rendeep's second wife
**Kaithakkal Achuthan and Kamala's daughter
*[[Sreelakshmi]] as Janaki
*V.K.Baiju as Kaithakkal Achuthan
**Daya, Sayoojya and Deepak's father
**Kamala's husband
*John Jacob as Kaithakkal Deepak
**Kaithakkal Achuthan and Kamala's son
**Daya and Sayoojya's elder brother
*[[Reshmi Boban]] as Kamala
**Kaithakkal Achuthan's wife
**Deepak and Sayoojya's mother
*Baby Ester Evana Sherin as Allimol
**Rendeep and Lekshmi's daughter
*Shyjan Sreevalsam as Panchayth Member Chanthunni aka "Onthunni"
*Prajusha as Maya
*Thirumala Ramachandran as Narayanan
*Ajith Vijayan as MLA Chemberi Vishwanathan
**Jeevan's father
*[[Shobha Mohan]] as Mallika
**Jeevan's Mother
*Nandhana as Aravi
*Amith as Harigovindhan
**Rendeep's father-in-law
**Lekshmi's father
*Sunil Vikram as Murukan
*Jaseela Parveen as Swarnalekha
*Sanuraj Sanu as Rocky
*Rajeev Pala
*[[T. P. Madhavan]]
*Rugmini Amma
*Stella Raja
*Lekshmy Nandan as Kajol
*Sreelekshmi Haridas
*[[Praveen Prem]]
*Kiran Iyer

==Reception==
In a poll conducted on the official Instagram account of ETimes TV to pick the best entertainer between ''Daya: Chentheeyil Chalicha Kumkumapottu'' and ''[[Amma Makal]]'', 78% of the respondents voted in favour of Daya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ETimes TV poll result: Netizens find 'Daya' more entertaining compared to 'Amma Makal'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/etimes-tv-poll-result-netizens-find-daya-more-entertaining-compared-to-amma-makal/articleshow/87738567.cms|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/daya/1260061615 ''Daya: Chentheeyil Chalicha Kumkumapottu''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105012416/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/daya/1260061615/ |date=5 November 2021 }} at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]

Hakim ibn Hizam

2025-09-22T03:57:07Z

BrockVanhoose67: cleanup article further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad}}
{{Infobox scholar
| name = Hakim ibn Hizam
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 13 years before [[Year of the Elephant|the event of elephants]] (Aam-ul-Feel)
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Arabia]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| era = Early Islamic era
| main_interests= Commerce, Charity
| notable_ideas =
| influences =
| influenced =
| notable_works =
| occupation = Merchant
| spouse = [[Zaynab bint al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid]] ([[:ar:زينب بنت العوام|ar]])
| children = Abdullah, Khalid, Yahya, Hisham
| relatives = [[Khadija]] (aunt), [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] (cousin)
}}

'''Ḥakīm ibn Ḥizām''' ([[Arabic]]: حكيم بن حزام) was a [[Companions of the Prophet|companion]] of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] and a nephew of [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]]. Born 13 years before the event of elephants ([[Year of the Elephant|Aam-ul-Feel]]) in [[Mecca]], Arabia, he was the son of [[Khadija]]'s brother, Hizam ibn Khuwaylid, and Fakhita bint Zuhayr. Known for his acumen in commerce and his charitable acts, Hakim ibn Hizam was a respected merchant and a key figure in the [[Quraysh tribe]]. He embraced Islam during the [[conquest of Mecca]] and was known for his generosity, having manumitted a hundred slaves and distributed alms extensively. His close familial ties with Khadija and his contributions to the early Muslim community in Islamic history.

==Family==
He was the son of Khadija's brother, Hizam ibn Khuwaylid,<ref name=Tabari39>Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa’l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet’s Companions and Their Successors'', p. 40. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref>{{rp|40}} and of Fakhita bint Zuhayr. Fakhita and Hizam had 10 children: Hakim (Fakhita took by her kunya Umm Hakim and Hizam took by his kunya Abu Hakim), Hizam, Hisham, Khalid, Abdullah, Yahya, Umm Hashim (Hashima), Umm Amr (Amira), Umm Sumaya (Sumaya), Umm Khawla (Khawla).<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|106}}

He married his cousin, Zaynab bint [[Awwam ibn Khuwaylid|al-Awwam]] ibn Khuwaylid, and they had at least three sons: Abdullah, Khalid (from whom he took his ''kunya'' '''Abu Khalid''') and Yahya. He had a fourth son, Hisham, who may have been another son of Zaynab; but an alternative tradition names this son's mother as Mulayka bint Malik of the Al-Harith clan of the [[Quraysh]].<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|41}}

==Early life==
Hakim fought in the [[Fijar Wars|Sacrilegious War]] of 589-592. His father was killed in the second round, and Hakim said he saw Muhammad among the archers in the third round, when the Quraysh and [[Banu Kinanah|Kinana]] tribes defeated the [[Qais|Qays]].<ref name=Saad1>Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. (1967). ''Ibn Sa’d’s Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume I Parts I & II'', p. 144. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.</ref> The following year, when the Quraysh finalised their peace treaty with the Qays tribe, Hakim was one of forty hostages who were left with the Qays until the blood-money was delivered.<ref name=Kathir1>Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir. ''Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya''. Translated by Le Gassick, T. (1998). ''The Life of the Prophet Muhammad'', vol. 1. Reading, UK: Garnet.</ref>{{rp|185}}

Hakim became a merchant who speculated in corn.<ref name=Margoliouth>Margoliouth, D. S. (1905). ''Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, 3rd Ed.'', pp. 67-68. New York & London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.</ref> He sat among the elders<ref name=Ishaq>Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>{{rp|221}}<ref name=Margoliouth/> and he was one of those who had the right to feed the pilgrims at the Kaaba.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|320}} He was the original purchaser of the slave [[Zayd ibn Harithah]], for whom he paid 400 ''dirhams'' and whom he gave to Khadija.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|6}} Among his acts of charity, he manumitted a hundred slaves and he slaughtered a hundred camels to distribute in alms.<ref>Bukhari 3:46:715.</ref><ref name="Muslim 1:225">Muslim 1:225.</ref>

His house was part of the same building as Khadija's; and his uncle [[Awwam ibn Khuwaylid]] lived next door. Hence, when Muhammad married Khadija, Hakim became his near neighbour.<ref name=Margoliouth/>

==Early Islam (610–630)==
When Muhammad declared himself to be a [[Prophets in Islam|prophet]] in 610, Hakim took no interest. He was neither a strong ally nor a leader among the opposition.

It is said that at the time of the boycott of the [[Banu Hashim|Hashim]] clan (616-619), Hakim sold flour to his aunt Khadija. On his way to deliver it, he met [[Amr ibn Hisham|Abu Jahl]], who restrained him and said: "Are you taking food to the Hashim clan? Before you and your food move from here, I will denounce you in Mecca!" Hakim's cousin Abu'l-Bakhtari arrived on the scene, asked what was going on and told Abu Jahl that he should let Hakim deliver his aunt's own food. Abu Jahl still refused, and the quarrel came to blows. Abu'l-Bakhtari hit Abu Jahl with a camel's jaw, knocking him to the ground, and trod on him.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|160–161}}<ref>The qualification "It is said" is Ibn Ishaq's.</ref>

Nevertheless, in September 622 (after Khadija's death and the [[Second pledge at al-Aqabah]]), Hakim was among the council of elders who plotted to assassinate Muhammad.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|221}}

He fought with the Meccans at the [[Battle of Badr]]. In later life he was very reluctant to speak about this.<ref name=Waqidi>Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. ''Kitab al-Maghazi''. Translated by Faizer, R. (2011). ''The Life of Muhammad''. London & New York: Routledge.</ref>{{rp|48}} On being pressed for information, he claimed that he had hated marching towards Badr; that it was all [[Satan]]’s fault;<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|17,19,20,27}} and that he had seen the angels who assisted the Muslims in the battle.<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|41}} When he heard that [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]]'s caravan had been saved, he urged the Quraysh to make peace with Muhammad.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|298}}<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|33–35}} Nevertheless, he was not among those who turned back to Mecca;<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|296}} he fought the battle, and bore witness that the Quraysh were defeated when Muhammad threw a handful of pebbles at them. He continued to advance even when it was obvious that the battle was over. Eventually two of his cousins overtook him and carried him home on their camel.<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|48}}

Hakim was present at the killing of [[Khubayb ibn Adiy|Khubayb bin Adi]] in Mecca in 625. Khubayb's dying prayer was: "O Allah, count them all and kill them one by one. Do not leave even one of them." Hakim was so frightened by this prayer that he hid himself in a tree.<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|175}}

==Conversion to Islam==
When the Quraysh expected Muhammad to [[Occupation of Mecca|invade]] Mecca, Abu Sufyan went out by night scouting for information about Muhammad's movements, and Hakim was one of his assistants. But they did not learn anything useful.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|546}} Hakim was taken by surprise when he was approached by Muhammad's uncle [[Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Abbas]], who warned him that Muhammad had brought an army of ten thousand. "Convert! I will protect you until you reach Allah's Messenger, for I fear that you may be cut to pieces before you reach him." Hakim accompanied Al-Abbas to Muhammad's tent, where he was interrogated and his declaration of faith was accepted.<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|401}} The next day, he assisted Abu Sufyan in shouting to the Meccans: "O people of the Quraysh, why are you killing yourselves? Anyone who enters his house is protected. Anyone who lays down his weapons is protected." The people heeded their call and ran to their houses.<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|407}} Later that day, Hakim's four sons all converted to Islam.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|41}}

Hakim fought with Muhammad at the [[Battle of Hunayn]].<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|439}} Afterwards, when Muhammad was distributing gifts to his new followers "to win over their hearts,"<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|594}} Hakim asked for a gift of a hundred camels, and then another hundred, and then a third hundred. Muhammad obliged him, but at the third donation he said: "Hakim, this wealth is sweet greenness. Whoever takes it with generosity of soul will be blessed by it. Whoever takes it with pride will not be blessed by it, like a man who eats but is not satisfied. The upper hand [that gives] is better than the lower hand [that receives]. When you begin, start with your dependants!" Hakim then declared, "From this moment, I will never take anything from anyone!" He took the first hundred camels and departed. Later, when Umar tried to give him gifts, he would not accept them.<ref name=Waqidi/>{{rp|463}}<ref>''See also'' Nasa'i 3:23:2532.</ref>

Hakim's family then emigrated to [[Medina]] and settled there.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|42}}

==Narration of Hadith==
Hakim consulted Muhammad on matters related to trade. As he narrated: "I bought some food and made food [i.e., cooked it] and made a profit on it before I took possession of it. I came to Allah's Messenger and told him about that. He said: 'Do not sell it until you take possession of it.'"<ref>Nasa'i 5:44:4607.</ref> This [[hadith]] is considered very important in the development of Islamic [[contract law]] as it deals with the issue of [[short selling]], [[Option (finance)|options]] or [[Futures contract|futures]] contracts.{{Citation needed|date = January 2015}}

He narrated Muhammad's teaching: "The seller and the buyer have the right to keep or return goods as long as they have not parted or till they part; and if both the parties spoke the truth and described the defects and qualities, then they would be blessed in their transaction, and if they told lies or hid something, then the blessings of their transaction would be lost."<ref>Bukhari 3:34:293.</ref>

On being asked, Muhammad told Hakim that all his good deeds performed before he became a Muslim remained credited to him afterwards.<ref>Bukhari 3:34:423; 3:46:715.</ref> After his conversion, Hakim freed another hundred slaves and donated another hundred camels in alms.<ref name="Muslim 1:225"/>

He also reported Muhammad's prohibition on taking retaliation, reciting verses or inflicting ''[[hudud]]'' punishments inside a mosque.<ref>Abu Dawud 39:4475.</ref>

==Later life==
In 656, when his cousin [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] died leaving 2,200,000 (presumably ''dirhams'') in debt, Hakim offered to relieve the family; however, it is not clear how much money he was offering them, as they did not accept anything.<ref>Bukhari 1:202.</ref>

When [[Marwan I|Marwan]] was appointed Governor of Medina in 662, Hakim was one of the welcoming party of elders who officially greeted him.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|43}}

Before Islam, Hakim had bought for a bargain price the door to Mecca's town hall. In the reign of [[Muawiyah I]] he sold it for 100,000 ''dirhams''. The [[Caliph]] accused him of "selling his family's honour for a hundred thousand." Hakim countered that modern nobility was measured by piety, and since he intended to donate the full proceeds to charity, nobody had been cheated.<ref name=Kathir1/>{{rp|68}}

The Caliph asked him what food he ate, and he replied that he no longer had teeth. Soon afterwards, Muawiyah sent him a camel so that he could drink its milk, together with a cash present. Hakim returned the money with a reminder that he had never accepted his allotted share from the state treasury since the death of Muhammad.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|41–42}}

He died in Medina in 674,<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|42}} claiming an age of 120 years.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|41}}

==See also==
*[[Sahaba]]
*[[Hakim (title)|Hakim]]
*[[Hazem]] (name)

==External links==
*[http://www.i-epistemology.net/attachments/411_V13N2%20Summer%2096%20-%20Kamali%20-%20Islamic%20Comercial%20Law-An%20Analysis%20of%20Futures.pdf Islamic Commercial Law]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hakim Ibn Hizam}}
[[Category:Angelic visionaries]]
[[Category:Companions of the Prophet]]
[[Category:Banu Asad (Quraysh)]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Ramesvara Swami

2025-08-15T03:38:41Z

BrockVanhoose67: added info

{{Short description|American Hare Krishna disciple}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2009}}
'''Ramesvara Das''' ({{IAST3|Ramesvara dāsa}}), formerly '''Ramesvara Swami''', was one of the leading disciples of [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]] and formerly a [[ISKCON guru system|guru]] within the [[International Society of Krishna Consciousness]].

Ramesvara, born '''Robert Grant''', became an [[diksha|initiated disciple]] of Prabhupada on April 28, 1971, receiving his initiation by mail.<ref>[https://prabhupadaletters1971.blogspot.com/2006_04_23_prabhupadaletters1971_archive.html Letter of Initiation from Srila Prabhupada]</ref> From 1976-1986 Ramesvara was a member of ISKCON's Governing Body Commission (GBC) and became a trustee of the [[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]] (BBT) in February 1975, working from its headquarters in Los Angeles.<ref>[http://www.devaswami.com/index.php?q=node/11 Recalling Ramesvara at the BBT.]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He later become head of the North American BBT.<ref>[http://www.iskcon.com/icj/7_2/72rsd.html "Ramesvara Swami, the head of the North American BBT"]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1987, the GBC accepted his resignation from all GBC management responsibilities within ISKCON. He never resigned from the BBT, as it was a lifetime appointment by the BBT founder, Prabhupada.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{Citation
| last= Muster | first=Nori Jean | year= 2001
| title=Betrayal of the spirit: my life behind the headlines of the Hare Krishna movement
| publisher=University of Illinois Press
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw3-xD05wnoC
| isbn= 0-252-06566-2
}}
*{{Cite news
| first=John | last=Dart
| title=Killing Sparks Federal Probe of Krishna Sect Group Members Cite Internal Conflicts, Allege Threats After Disenchanted Devotee's Murder
| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/57984345.html?dids=57984345:57984345&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+20%2C+1986&author=JOHN+DART&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Killing+Sparks+Federal+Probe+of+Krishna+Sect+Group+Members+Cite+Internal+Conflicts%2C+Allege+Threats+After+Disenchanted+Devotee%27s+Murder&pqatl=google
| work=Los Angeles Times | page=3 |date=July 20, 1986 |accessdate=2008-05-03 }}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
*{{Cite news
| first=John | last=Dart
| title=Shake-Up Involves L.A. Leader 2 Krishna Gurus Granted Leaves Amid Controversy
| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58044208.html?dids=58044208:58044208&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+05%2C+1986&author=JOHN+DART&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Shake-Up+Involves+L.A.+Leader+2+Krishna+Gurus+Granted+Leaves+Amid+Controversy&pqatl=google
| work=Los Angeles Times | date=October 5, 1986 | accessdate=2008-05-03 }}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
{{Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramesvara, Swami}}
[[Category:Former International Society for Krishna Consciousness religious figures]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism]]
[[Category:American Hare Krishnas]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{US-reli-bio-stub}}
{{Hindu-bio-stub}}

Basharatganj railway station

2025-08-14T00:23:34Z

BrockVanhoose67: refine citations per sources

{{Short description|Railway station in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Basharatganj railway station
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|100px]]
| image_caption = Indian Railways logo
| address = [[Bisharatganj]], [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.1539306|79.2240812|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| line = [[Lucknow–Moradabad line]]
| other = Auto stand
| elevation = {{convert|167|m|ft}}<ref>{{cite web |title=BTG / Basharatganj |url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/btg/ |website=www.totaltraininfo.com |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 1
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = BTG
| zone = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Moradabad}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| status =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
}}
'''Basharatganj railway station''' (station code: '''BTG''') is a railway station on the [[Chandausi loop]] of the [[Lucknow–Moradabad line]]. It is located in the town of [[Bisharatganj]] in [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. The station is under the administrative control of the [[Moradabad railway division|Moradabad Division]] of the [[Northern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Railway Map of Moradabad Division |url=https://nr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1472209779946-Divnl%20Map%202016%20A%203%20PCE-MB%20Divn%20Map.pdf |access-date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210624/https://nr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1472209779946-Divnl%20Map%202016%20A%203%20PCE-MB%20Divn%20Map.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The station consists of one platform, and is located at a distance of {{convert|15|km|mi}} from [[Bareilly Junction railway station|Bareilly Junction]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/bareilly-city-bc/1074| title=BTG/Basharatganj (1 PF) | website=India Rail Info}}</ref> Six trains (Five Passenger / One Express) stop at the station.<ref>{{cite web |title=Basharatganj Railway Station (BTG) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/basharatganj-btg-station |website=www.ndtv.com |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Moradabad railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bareilly district]]

{{UttarPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Nizam State Railways - Road Transport Division

2025-06-28T20:53:35Z

BrockVanhoose67: new the post from scratch.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Nizam State Rail & Road Transport Department
| logo = [[File:Nizam State Railway and Road Transport Department Logo.svg|200px|]]
| key_people = [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
| area_served = [[Hyderabad State]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1932}}
| industry = [[Bus|Bus Service]]
| services = Public Road Transport Service
| num_employees = 166 (1932)
| parent = [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]
| defunct = {{End date and age|1952}}
| fate = Renamed as Department of Hyderabad State Government in 1952<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/rtc-felicitates-veterans-who-joined-before-independence/articleshow/93581072.cms|title=TSRTC felicitates veterans who joined before independence|date=2022-08-16|access-date=2024-07-17|last=Jose|first=Donita}}</ref>
| successor = [[APSRTC]], Marathwada State Transport<ref name="Maharst Gaz"/>
| website =
| hq_location_city = [[Secunderabad]]
| hq_location_country = India

}}

[[File:Nizam-State-Road-Transport-buses TankBund.jpg|thumb|left|245px|Albion Motors bus of NSR travelling on Tank Bund. c. 1932]]
'''Nizam State Rail & Road Transport Department (N.S.R-R.T.D)''' was a division of the Indian railway company [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], established in 1932 to cater to the road transport services of the population of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]]. It was the first time in India that a nationalised road transport service was established.<ref name="Times2017">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/vintage-bus-wallows-in-neglect-crumbling-to-vagaries-of-nature/articleshow/61514535.cms|title=Vintage bus wallows in neglect, crumbling to vagaries of nature|last=Akbar|first=Syed|date=2017-11-05|publisher=[[Times of India]]|access-date=2024-07-18}}</ref>

==History==
The division was established in 1932, as a part of the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway to ensure proper coordination between railways and road transportation systems. The services began with 27 vehicles covering over 450 km. Within a decade, at a total expense of 7½ million [[Hyderabadi rupee|HRs]], this was extended to nearly 500 vehicles, servicing 7200 km.<ref name="NAY221">Nayeem, M. A.; ''The Splendour of Hyderabad;'' Hyderabad ²2002 [Orig.: Bombay ¹1987]; {{ISBN|81-85492-20-4}}; S. 221</ref>

Initially fully assembled 19-seater buses manufactured by [[Albion Motors]] were shipped from England. These buses known as ''Deccan Queen'' which were imported from Glasgow were in use till the 1970s. Presently, two of these buses are kept for display at Vijaywada and Hyderabad. Later only the chassis of the buses were imported, the bodies were built locally at [[Hyderabad Allwyn|Allwyn Metal Works]].<ref name="Times2017"/>
[[File:Nizam-State-Road-Transport Bus.jpg|thumb|left|245px|A bus of NSR. c. 1932]]

The first four depots were established at [[Kachiguda]], [[Narketpally]], [[Asifabad, Telangana|Asifabad]] and [[Kazipet]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsmeter.in/top-stories/deccan-queen-visit-aps-oldest-bus-from-the-nizam-era-at-vijayawada-city-bus-terminal-706822|title=Deccan Queen: Visit APs oldest bus from the Nizam-era at Vijayawada|date=2023-01-22|access-date=2024-07-17|last=Muttevi|first=Sri Lakshmi}}</ref> A maintenance workshop was established at [[Mettuguda]]. By 1940-41 the fleet comprised 256 buses for passengers and 27 trucks for carrying goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/PDF/6%20Nizam_s%20Hyderabad%20State%20and%20the%20Railways%20(Indian%20Railway%20Magazine,%20July,%202018)-%20Manoj%20Pande,%20AM%20(Staff),%20Railway%20Board.pdf|last=Pande|first=Manoj|publisher=Railway Board, Indian Railways|title=Nizam's Hyderabad State and Railways|access-date=2024-07-17}}</ref> In 1934 aircraft hangars were imported from America for use by [[Deccan Airways]] at [[Begumpet Airport|Begumpet]]. In 1946 these hangars which were lying unused were handed over to the Road Transport Department for building bus depots. A bus depot at [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station|Gowliguda]] was built using hangar from Mississippi and the depot at [[Rani Gunj|Ranigunj]] was built using hangars taken from Hamilton.<ref name="Times2017"/>

[[File:Vintage Bus.jpg|thumb|245px|The Deccan Queen bus from the Nizam era at Vijayawada bus station|left]]
After [[Annexation of Hyderabad|integration of Hyderabad]] with India, the last Nizam [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] had to hand over the (N.S.R-R.T.D) to the [[Indian Government]]. As per a request from the last Nizam it was ensured that all bus registration numbers would include the letter Z, as the letter ‘Z’ in the number plate represents Zahra Begum, mother of Nawab [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nizam's wife gifted first bus service to Secunderabad|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-09-15/Nizams-wife-gifted-first-bus-service-to-Secunderabad/326743|website=The Hans India|date=15 September 2017}}</ref>
On 1 November 1951 NSR-RTD was renamed as a Department of Hyderabad State Government. In 1956 after reorganisation of Hyderabad, the operations of transport services in Marathwada region was handed over to ''Transferred Road Transport Undertakings Department'' which was under the erstwhile Government of Bombay. In 1961 this department was later abolished and became Marathwada State Transport. This was later made a part of Bombay State Road Transport Corporation which eventually was renamed as [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]]. In 1958 [[APSRTC]] was formed to serve all the areas served by erstwhile NSR-RTD in the new state of [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=APSRTC - Profile|url=http://apsrtc.gov.in/profile.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930050308/http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/profile.aspx|archive-date=30 September 2018|access-date=23 February 2018|website=apsrtc.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="Maharst Gaz">{{cite web|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/other_dept_mah_road_transport.html|title=The Gazetteers Department|publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Maharastra|date=1969|access-date=2024-07-17}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]]

== References ==
<references />

{{State owned road transport companies in India}}
{{Road transport in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Road transport in Telangana}}

[[Category:Transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:State agencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:State agencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Transport companies established in 1932]]
[[Category:Companies based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:State road transport corporations of India]]
[[Category:Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]
[[Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State]]

Kondapur, Sangarreddy

2025-06-27T14:15:34Z

BrockVanhoose67: Created Some Info W/ Refs.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kondapur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.5614|N|78.0111|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Medak
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 525
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TG 15
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kondapur '''is a Village and Mandal in a newly formed [[Sangareddy district]] of [[Telangana]] State, [[India]]. Kondapur belongs to Sangareddy revenue division.<ref>{{cite web |title=Total District List |url=https://epanchayat.telangana.gov.in/TotalDistrictList |website=Panchayat Raj & Rural employment- Government of Telangana |publisher=Government of Telangana |access-date=30 December 2023 |ref=Telangana State Directory |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230125422/https://epanchayat.telangana.gov.in/TotalDistrictList |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kondapur was a Mandal in the former [[Medak district]] of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=District Level Mandal wise list of villages in Medak district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/medak.pdf |website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094713/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/medak.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015|format=PDF}}</ref>

There is a museum (belonging to [[Archaeological Survey of India]] department) located about 1 km south of the village, Kondapur. The museum houses exhibits from an ancient mound locally known as Kotagadda (Fort Mound) which is located nearby. The remains of a highly artistic life led by the people of the early historic period are found at this museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2015-09-02/A-favourite-haunt-for-history-buffs/173951|title=A favourite haunt for history buffs|website=The Hans India|access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref>

== Geography ==

Kondapur is located at {{Coord|17.5614|N|78.0111|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Kondapur2.html Falling Rain Genomics.Kondapur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 525 meters (1725 feet).

Kondapur Mandal is bounded by [[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]] Mandal towards North and [[Sadasivpet]] Mandal towards west.

==Panchayat list==
There are 10 Villages that are listed under Kondapur Mandal:
# Aliabad
# Ananthasagar
# CH. Goplaram
# CH.Konapur
# Dobbakunta
# Gangaram
# Garakurthi
# Girmapur
# Gollapalle
# Gunthapalle

== References ==

<references/>

== External links ==
{{Sangareddy district|state=expanded}}
{{Telangana}}

[[Category:Mandals in Medak district]]

M. A. Kasem

2025-06-01T19:12:59Z

BrockVanhoose67: small cleanup details for consistency and added references

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. A. Kasem
| constituency_MP = [[Faridpur-17]]
| parliament = Bangladesh
| term_start = 1973
| term_end = 1976
| predecessor = [[AFM Nurul Haque Hawladar]]
| successor = [[Ibrahim Khalil (politician)|Ibrahim Khalil]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Awami League]]
}}
'''M. A. Kasem''' ({{Langx|bn|এম. এ. কাসেম}}) is an [[Awami League]] politician in Bangladesh and the former member of parliament for [[Faridpur-17]].

==Career==
Kasem was elected to parliament from Faridpur-17 as an Awami League candidate in 1973.<ref>{{cite web |title="List of 1st Parliament Members" |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/1st.pdf |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=24 March 2021}}</ref> He was elected in a by-election after the incumbent member of parliament, [[AFM Nurul Haque Hawladar]], was assassinated.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:সাবেক এমপি নূরুল হক হাওলাদারের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী কাল |trans-title=Former MP Nurul Haque Hawladar's death anniversary period |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/national/news/280849 |access-date=24 March 2021 |work=jagonews24.com |language=bn}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Kasem's has two sons, former vice-chancellor of [[Rajshahi Medical University]], AZM Mostaque Hossain, and former press minister at the Bangladesh Embassy in Washington, D.C., AZM Sajjad Hossain.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 August 2021 |title=Sajjad appointed as press minister in Washington |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/567998/Sajjad-appointed-as-press-minister-in-Washington |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasem, M. A.}}
[[Category:Awami League politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1st Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1970 Pakistani general election]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]]

{{Dhaka-AL-politician-stub}}

Qubazpur

2025-05-31T18:26:50Z

BrockVanhoose67: new initial data basic info.

{{Orphan|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Qubāzpūr''' was a town and [[pargana]] in western [[Bengal]] during the time of the [[Mughal Empire]]; the pargana at least also continued to exist under the [[British Raj]]. Its exact location is unknown, but its approximate location was in present-day [[Purba Bardhaman district]], somewhere between [[Samudragarh]] and [[Katwa]].

== History ==
The ''[[Ain-i Akbari]]'' listed Qubazpur as a ''[[Mahallah|mahal]]'' in [[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]] [[Sulaimabanad, Bengal|Sulaimanabad]]. Its assessed revenue was 1,589,332 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |author1-link=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |translator-last1=Jarrett |translator-first1=Henry Sullivan |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>{{rp|140}} [[Irfan Habib]] also identifies Qubazpur with the town of "Cubbadgepore" mentioned by the 17th-century British agent John Marshall in his diary.<ref name="Habib 1982">{{cite book |last1=Habib |first1=Irfan |author1-link=Irfan Habib |title=An Atlas of the Mughal Empire |date=1982 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0195603796 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Buo9AQAAIAAJ |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>{{rp|44}} Marshall, who passed through Qubazpur in May 1671, described it as being one stage north of [[Samudragarh]] ("Summudgur") and four stages south of [[Ghazipur, Purba Bardhaman|Ghazipur]]; he also noted the presence of a [[caravanserai|sarāī]], or inn for travellers.<ref name="Khan 1927">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Shafaat Ahmad |title=John Marshall in India |date=1927 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40124/page/n129 |access-date=6 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|112}} Later, in the 1800s, [[John Beames]] identified Qubazpur as the name of a pargana in what is now [[Purba Bardhaman district]], comprising "70 villages scattered along the left bank of the [[Hugli river]]" both north and south of [[Purbasthali]].<ref name="Beames 1896">{{cite journal |last1=Beames |first1=John |author1-link=John Beames |title=Notes on Akbar's Súbahs, with Reference to the Aín-i Akbarí |journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1896 |issue=Jan. 1896 |pages=83–136 |jstor=25207777 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25207777 |access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|100}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Parganas of sarkar Sulaimanabad listed in the Ain-i-Akbari]]
[[Category:Purba Bardhaman district]]

Sailesh Gulabani

2025-05-22T07:03:06Z

BrockVanhoose67: expand citations based on references and fixed typos

#REDIRECT [[Sailessh Gulabani]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Underi

2025-05-07T15:02:51Z

BrockVanhoose67: cleanup formatting and updated info

{{Short description|Island in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox military structure
|name = Underi
|partof =
|location = [[Raigad District]], [[Maharashtra]]
|image =
|caption =
|map_type = India Maharashtra
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|type =
|coordinates = {{coord|18.705531|72.841281|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|code =
|built = {{Start date|1680}}
|builder = [[Siddi]]s
|materials =
|height =
|used =
|demolished =
|condition =
|ownership = [[Government of India]]
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = [[Siddi]]s
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants =
|battles =
|events =
|image2 =
|caption2 =
}}

'''Underi''' (also called '''Jaidurg''') is a [[sea fort|fortified island]] near the mouth of [[Mumbai harbour]] south of [[Prong's Lighthouse]]. It is a companion fort to [[Khanderi]] and currently lies in [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]]. These islands of Khanderi and Underi served as one of the landmarks for ships entering [[Mumbai harbour]].<ref name="gazette">{{cite book|publisher=Govt Central Press|date=1904|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gazetteerbombay22enthgoog/page/n413 395]–396|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|url=https://archive.org/details/gazetteerbombay22enthgoog|quote=underi.|access-date=2009-03-19}}</ref> Underi is smaller than Khanderi.

The fortification was built by Kahim of the [[Siddi]]s<ref name="mahag">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Underi.html|title=Underi, The Gazetteers Department|publisher=Government of Maharashtra|access-date=2009-03-19}}</ref> in 1680 CE. <ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortsofsahyadri.friendsofforts.com/list_of_maharashtraforts.htm|title=Friends of Forts|access-date=2009-02-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173737/http://www.fortsofsahyadri.friendsofforts.com/list_of_maharashtraforts.htm|archive-date=7 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== References ==
{{portal|Islands}}
{{reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{Forts in India}}

[[Category:Forts in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Islands of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]

Dhanyaviṣṇu

2025-03-31T23:22:55Z

BrockVanhoose67: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Eran boar inscription of Toramana]]

Perugamani

2025-01-19T15:47:01Z

BrockVanhoose67: new a post first draft.

{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Perugamani
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|10|53|18|N|78|32|43|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Panchayat President
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3618
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Perugamani''' is a village in the [[Srirangam taluk]] of [[Tiruchirappalli district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.

== Demographics ==

As per the 2001 census, Perungamani had a population of 3,618 with 1,822 males and 1,796 females. The sex ratio was 986 and the literacy rate, 78.54.

== References ==

* {{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001|url=http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations-Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217153857/http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|archivedate=2011-02-17}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruchirappalli district]]