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One Day International

2023-10-12T09:37:20Z

BrockKemp6350: /* External links */Archive-date

{{short description|Form of limited overs cricket, 50 overs format}}
{{about|the format for men's international cricket|the women's format|Women's One Day International}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}

A '''One Day International''' ('''ODI''') is a form of [[limited overs cricket]], played between two teams with international status, in which each team faces a fixed number of [[over (cricket)|overs]], currently 50, with the game lasting up to 9 hours.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gandhi |first1=Anshul |title=5 changes to ODI cricket rules over the years |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-changes-to-odi-rules-over-the-years |website=www.sportskeeda.com |access-date=8 September 2020 |language=en-us |date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806021617/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-changes-to-odi-rules-over-the-years |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Beginners guide to the World Cup|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/feature/beginners-guide-to-the-cricket-world-cup/2015-02-13|access-date=2020-11-25|website=cricket.com.au|language=en|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118190009/https://www.cricket.com.au/news/feature/beginners-guide-to-the-cricket-world-cup/2015-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Cricket World Cup]], generally held every four years, is played in this format. One Day International matches are also called '''Limited Overs Internationals''' ('''LOI'''), although this generic term may also refer to [[Twenty20 International]] matches. They are major matches and considered the highest standard of [[List A cricket|List A]], limited-overs competition.

{{ICC ODI Championship rankings|float=right|style=font-size:88%;}}

The international one-day game is a late-twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]].<ref name="BatemanHill2011">{{cite book|author1=Anthony Bateman|author2=Jeffrey Hill|title=The Cambridge Companion to Cricket|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yd6J7waMBRsC&pg=PA101|date=17 March 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-76129-1|pages=101}}</ref> When the first three days of the third [[Test cricket|Test]] were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and, instead, play a one-off one day game consisting of 40 eight-ball overs per side. Australia won the game by 5 wickets. ODIs were played in white-coloured kits with a red-coloured ball.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-in-india-2011-12-ms-dhoni-says-it-will-be-tricky-adjusting-to-the-new-playing-conditions-536381 England in India 2011–12: MS Dhoni says it will be tricky adjusting to the new playing conditions | Cricket News | India v England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016020158/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-england-2011/content/story/536381.html|date=16 October 2011}}. ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved on 23 December 2013.</ref>

In the late 1970s, [[Kerry Packer]] established the rival [[World Series Cricket]] competition, and it introduced many of the features of One Day International cricket that are now commonplace, including coloured uniforms, matches played at night under floodlights with a white ball and dark sight screens, and, for television broadcasts, multiple camera angles, effects microphones to capture sounds from the players on the pitch, and on-screen graphics. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at [[VFL Park]] in [[Melbourne]] on 17 January 1979. This led not only to Packer's [[Nine Network|Channel 9]] getting the TV rights to cricket in Australia but also led to players worldwide being paid to play, and becoming international professionals, no longer needing jobs outside cricket. Matches played with coloured kits and a white ball became more commonplace over time, and the use of white flannels and a red ball in ODIs ended in 2001.

[[File:MCG under lights.jpg|thumb|An ODI match at the MCG, being played under floodlights]]

The [[International Cricket Council|ICC]], international cricket's governing body, maintains the ICC ODI Rankings for teams (see table on the right), batsmen, bowlers and all-rounders.

{{Cricket sidebar |expanded=allowed}}

==Rules==
In the main the [[laws of cricket]] apply. However, in ODIs, each team bats for a fixed number of [[over (cricket)|over]]s. In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side, and matches were also played with 40, 45 or 55 overs per side, but now it has been uniformly fixed at 50 overs.

Simply stated, the game works as follows:<ref name=ODIRules>{{cite web|title=Standard One Day International match Playing Conditions|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4ae08b48-04%20Standard%20ODI_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf|publisher=International Cricket Council|access-date=6 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083554/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4ae08b48-04%20Standard%20ODI_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:India vs Pakistan @ Edgbaston (9393429152).jpg|thumb|A One Day International match between [[Cricket in India|India]] and [[Cricket in Pakistan|Pakistan]] in [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]]]]
*An ODI is contested by two teams of 11 players each.
*The Captain of the side winning the [[Coin flipping|toss]] chooses to either bat or [[bowling (cricket)|bowl]] (field) first.
*The team batting first sets the target score in a single [[innings]]. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e., 10 of the 11 batting players are "out") or all of the first side's allotted overs are completed.
*Each bowler is restricted to bowling a maximum of 10 overs (fewer in the case of rain-reduced matches and in any event generally no more than one fifth or 20% of the total overs per innings). Therefore, each team must comprise at least five competent bowlers (either dedicated bowlers or all-rounders).
*The team batting second tries to score more than the target score in order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to bowl out the second team or make them exhaust their overs before they reach the target score in order to win.
*If the number of runs scored by both teams is equal when the second team [[wicket#Dismissing a batsman|loses all its wickets]] or exhausts all its overs, then the game is declared a ''tie'' (regardless of the number of wickets lost by either team).

Where a number of overs are lost, for example, due to inclement weather conditions, then the total number of overs may be reduced. In the early days of ODI cricket, the team with the better run rate won (see [[Average Run Rate method]]), but this favoured the second team.<ref name="Methods">{{cite web|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/page/581925.html|title= The D/L method: answers to frequently asked questions|publisher= ESPN Cricinfo|date= September 2012|access-date= 16 January 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141010/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/page/581925.html|archive-date= 24 September 2015|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> For the [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992 World Cup]], an alternative method was used of simply omitting the first team's worst overs (see [[Most Productive Overs method]]) but that favoured the first team.<ref name="Methods"/><ref>{{cite web |date=26 March 2011 |title=The World Cup rain-rule farce |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-world-cup-rain-rule-farce-508066 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116215425/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/508066.html |archive-date=16 January 2015 |access-date=16 January 2015 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Since the late 1990s, the target or result has usually been determined by the [[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method]] (DLS, formerly known as the Duckworth–Lewis method),<ref name="Methods"/> which is a method with statistical approach. It takes into consideration the fact that the wickets in hand plays a crucial role in pacing the [[Run rate|run-rate]] and that a team with more wickets in hand can play way more aggressively than the team with fewer wickets in hand. When insufficient overs are played (usually 20 overs) to apply the DLS, a match is declared no result. Important one-day matches particularly in the latter stages of major tournaments, may have two days set aside, such that a result can be achieved on the "reserve day" if the first day is washed out—either by playing a new game, or by resuming the match which was rain-interrupted.

Because the game uses a white ball instead of the red ball used in [[first-class cricket]], the ball can become discolored and hard to see as the innings progresses, so the ICC has used various rules to help keep the ball playable. Most recently, ICC has made the use of two new balls (one from each end), the same strategy that was used in the 1992 and [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]] World Cups so that each ball is used for only 25 overs.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/45044/new-rules-to-take-effect-from-oct-1|title= New rules to take effect from Oct 1|publisher= [[Cricbuzz]]|date= 1 October 2011|access-date= 16 January 2015|archive-date= 17 January 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117200557/http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/45044/new-rules-to-take-effect-from-oct-1|url-status= live}}</ref> Previously, in October 2007, the ICC sanctioned that after the 34th over, the ball would be replaced with a cleaned previously used ball.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/1828/new-cricket-ball-change-rule-gets-thumbs-down-from-ponting|title= New cricket ball change rule gets thumbs down from Ponting|publisher= Cricbuzz|date= 16 October 2007|access-date= 16 January 2015|archive-date= 17 January 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117200617/http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/1828/new-cricket-ball-change-rule-gets-thumbs-down-from-ponting|url-status= live}}</ref> Before October 2007 (except 1992 and 1996 World Cups), only one ball would be used during an innings of an ODI and it was up to the umpire to decide whether to change the ball.<ref name=ODIRules />

===Fielding restrictions and powerplays===
{{Main|Powerplay (cricket)}}
[[File:Cricket field parts.svg|thumb|A limited number of fielders are allowed in the outfield during powerplays.]]
The bowling side is subjected to [[Fielding restrictions (cricket)|fielding restrictions]] during an ODI, in order to prevent teams from setting wholly defensive fields. Fielding restrictions dictate the maximum number of fielders allowed to be outside the thirty-yard circle.

Under current ODI rules, there are three levels of fielding restrictions:
* In the first 10 overs of an innings (the ''mandatory [[powerplay (cricket)|powerplay]]''), the fielding team may have at most two fielders outside the 30-yard circle.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 June 2015|title=ICC gets rid of batting power play, five fielders allowed outside circle in last 10 overs of ODIs|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/icc-gets-rid-of-batting-power-play-five-fielders-allowed-outside-circle-in-last-10-overs-of-odis-547787-78.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629222813/http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/icc-gets-rid-of-batting-power-play-five-fielders-allowed-outside-circle-in-last-10-overs-of-odis-547787-78.html|archive-date=29 June 2015|access-date=14 June 2017|publisher=Ibnlive.com}}</ref> This allows only attacking fields to be set during the powerplay.
* Between 11 and 40 overs four fielders will be allowed to field outside the 30-yard circle. Either an Attacking or Normal Field can be set in the second powerplay.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nagraj Gollapudi |title=Bowlers benefit from ODI rule changes | Cricket |date=26 June 2015 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bowlers-benefit-from-odi-rule-changes-891619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628215255/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/891619.html |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=14 June 2017 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
* In the final 10 overs five fielders will be allowed to field outside the 30-yard circle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/73102/icc-do-away-with-batting-powerplay-in-odis |title=ICC do away with Batting Powerplay in ODIs |date=26 June 2015 |publisher=Cricbuzz.com |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620043248/http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/73102/icc-do-away-with-batting-powerplay-in-odis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenational.ae/sport/cricket/icc-remove-batting-powerplays-from-odis-to-maintain-a-balance-between-bat-and-ball |title=ICC remove batting powerplays from ODIs to 'maintain a balance between bat and ball' | The National |publisher=Thenational.ae |date=27 June 2015 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630123909/http://www.thenational.ae/sport/cricket/icc-remove-batting-powerplays-from-odis-to-maintain-a-balance-between-bat-and-ball |archive-date=30 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> All three types of fields (attacking, defensive and normal fields) Can be used in the third powerplay.
The three powerplays are referenced by P1, P2 and P3 respectively, usually displayed near the score in modern scorecards.

====History====
Fielding restrictions were first introduced in the Australian 1980–81 season.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.crictrivia.com/onedaycricket.html|title= One-Day Cricket|publisher= CricTrivia.com|date= December 2005|access-date= 16 January 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150209202930/http://crictrivia.com/OneDayCricket.html|archive-date= 9 February 2015|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> By 1992, only two fielders were allowed outside the circle in the first fifteen overs, then five fielders allowed outside the circle for the remaining overs.<ref name="1992newrules">{{cite web |title=Colourful cricket, and that rain rule |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/world-cup-1992-summary-and-factfile-475370 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621211131/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wctimeline/content/story/475370.html |archive-date=21 June 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=ESPN Cric Info}}</ref> This was shortened to ten overs in 2005, and two five-over powerplays were introduced, with the bowling team and batting team having discretion over the timing for one-one each. In 2008, the batting team was given discretion for the timing of one of the two powerplays. In 2011, the teams were restricted to completing the discretionary powerplays between the 16th and 40th overs; previously, the powerplays could take place at any time between the 11th and 50th overs. Finally, in 2012, the bowling powerplay was abandoned, and the number of fielders allowed outside the 30-yard circle during non-powerplay overs was reduced from five to four.<ref name=ODIRules /><ref name=NEWRULES>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/2012/12/30/new-odi-rules-in-place/ |title=New ICC Rules for ODIs 2013 |date=30 December 2012 |access-date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108075225/http://www.sportskeeda.com/2012/12/30/new-odi-rules-in-place/ |archive-date=8 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Trial regulations===
The trial regulations also introduced a substitution rule that allowed the introduction of a replacement player at any stage in the match and until he was called up to play he assumed the role of 12th man. Teams nominated their replacement player, called a ''Supersub'', before the toss. The Supersub could bat, bowl, field or keep wicket once a player was replaced; the replaced player took over the role of 12th man. Over the six months it was in operation, it became very clear that the Supersub was of far more benefit to the side that won the toss, unbalancing the game. Several international captains reached "gentleman's agreements" to discontinue this rule late in 2005. They continued to name Supersubs, as required but they did not field them by simply using them as a normal 12th man. On 15 February 2006, the ICC announced their intention to discontinue the Supersub rule on 21 March 2006. Two balls were trialed in ODI for two years but it was rejected.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/4822814.stm| title= ICC agrees to drop super-sub rule| publisher= BBC Sport| date= 20 March 2006| access-date= 4 January 2015| archive-date= 23 April 2023| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423223815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/4822814.stm| url-status= live}}</ref>

==Teams with ODI status==
The [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) determines which teams have ODI status (meaning that any match played between two such teams under standard one-day rules is classified as an ODI).

===Permanent ODI status===
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2020}}
The twelve [[Test cricket|Test-playing]] nations (which are also the twelve full members of the ICC) have permanent ODI status. The nations are listed below with the date of each nation's ODI debut after gaining full ODI status shown in brackets (Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Ireland, and Afghanistan were ICC associate members at the times of their ODI debuts):
#{{cr|Australia}} ([[English cricket team in Australia in 1970–71#First One Day International - Melbourne|5 January 1971]])
#{{cr|England}} ([[English cricket team in Australia in 1970–71#First One Day International - Melbourne|5 January 1971]])
#{{cr|New Zealand}} ([[Pakistani cricket team in New Zealand in 1972–73#ODI match|11 February 1973]])
#{{cr|Pakistan}} ([[Pakistani cricket team in New Zealand in 1972–73#ODI match|11 February 1973]])
#{{cr|West Indies}} ([[West Indian cricket team in England in 1973#One-Day Internationals|5 September 1973]])
#{{cr|India}} ([[Indian cricket team in England in 1974#ODI matches|13 July 1974]])
#{{cr|Sri Lanka}} ([[English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1981–82#First ODI|13 February 1982]])
#{{cr|South Africa}} ([[South African cricket team in India in 1991–92#1st ODI|10 November 1991]])
#{{cr|Zimbabwe}} ([[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 1992–93#Only ODI|25 October 1992]])
#{{cr|Bangladesh}} ([[President's Cup 1997-98|10 October 1997]])
#{{cr|Afghanistan|2013}} ([[Irish cricket team against Afghanistan in the UAE in 2017–18#1st ODI|5 December 2017]])
#{{cr|Ireland}} ([[Irish cricket team against Afghanistan in the UAE in 2017–18#1st ODI|5 December 2017]])

===Temporary ODI status===
Between 2005 and 2017, the ICC granted temporary ODI status to six other teams (known as [[List of International Cricket Council members#Associate Members with ODI status|Associate members]]). In 2017, this was changed to four teams, following the promotion of [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] and [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]] to Test status (and permanent ODI status). The ICC had previously decided to limit ODI status to 16 teams.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-rule-no-change-to-odi-status-for-world-cup-qualifiers-1132978 ICC rule no change to ODI status for World Cup Qualifiers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216093041/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22107414/icc-rule-no-change-odi-status-world-cup-qualifiers|date=16 February 2018}}. ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved on 16 February 2018.</ref> Teams earn this temporary status for a period of four years based on their performance in the [[ICC World Cup Qualifier]], which is the final event of the [[ICC World Cricket League]]. In 2019, ICC increased the number of teams holding Temporary ODI status to eight.
The following eight teams currently have this status (the dates listed in brackets are of their first ODI match after gaining temporary ODI status):
*{{cr|Scotland}} (from [[International cricket in 2006#Pakistan in Scotland|27 June 2006]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|United Arab Emirates}} (from [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier#Final|1 February 2014]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|Nepal}} (from [[Nepalese cricket team in the Netherlands in 2018|1 August 2018]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|Netherlands}} (from [[Nepalese cricket team in the Netherlands in 2018|1 August 2018]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|Namibia}} (from [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two#Playoffs|27 April 2019]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|Oman}} (from [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two#Playoffs|27 April 2019]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|United States}} (from [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two#Playoffs|27 April 2019]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])
*{{cr|Canada}} (from [[2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off|27 March 2023]], until the [[2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]])

Additionally, eight teams have previously held this temporary ODI status before either being promoted to Test Status or relegated after under-performing at the World Cup Qualifier:
*{{cr|Kenya}} (from [[President's Cup 1997–98|10 October 1997]], until [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier#Super Six|30 January 2014]])
*{{cr|Canada}} (from [[International cricket in 2006#Triangular Series (Bermuda, Canada, Zimbabwe)|16 May 2006]], until [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier#Playoffs|28 January 2014]])
*{{cr|Bermuda}} (from [[International cricket in 2006#Triangular Series (Bermuda, Canada, Zimbabwe)|17 May 2006]], until [[2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|8 April 2009]])
*{{cr|Ireland}} (from [[English cricket team in Ireland in 2006|13 June 2006]], until [[2017 Ireland Tri-Nation Series#5th ODI|21 May 2017]])
*{{cr|Netherlands}} (from [[International cricket in 2006#Sri Lanka in the Netherlands|4 July 2006]], until [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier#Playoffs|28 January 2014]])
*{{cr|Afghanistan|2013}} (from [[2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|19 April 2009]], until [[Afghan cricket team in the West Indies in 2017#3rd ODI|14 June 2017]])
*{{cr|Hong Kong}} (from [[2014 ACC Premier League#Matches|1 May 2014]], until [[2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier#Playoffs|17 March 2018]])
*{{cr|Papua New Guinea}} (from [[Hong Kong cricket team against Papua New Guinea in Australia in 2014–15|8 November 2014]], until [[2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off|5 April 2023]])

The ICC occasionally granted associate members permanent ODI status without granting them full membership and Test status. This was originally introduced to allow the best associate members to gain regular experience in internationals before making the step up to full membership. First Bangladesh and then Kenya received this status. Bangladesh have since made the step up to Test status and full membership; but as a result of disputes and poor performances, Kenya's ODI status was reduced to temporary in 2005, meaning that it had to perform well at World Cup Qualifiers to keep ODI status. Kenya lost ODI status after finishing in fifth place at the [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier]] event.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 March 2005 |title=Kenya to lose ODI member status |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kenya-to-lose-odi-member-status-146267 |url-status=live |access-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418231654/http://www.espncricinfo.com/kenya/content/story/146267.html |archive-date=18 April 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Special ODI status===
The ICC can also grant special ODI status to all matches within certain high-profile tournaments, with the result being that the following countries have also participated in full ODIs, with some later gaining temporary or permanent ODI status also fitting into this category:
*{{cr|East Africa}} ([[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975 World Cup]])
*{{cr|Sri Lanka}} ([[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975 World Cup]], [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979 World Cup]])
*{{cr|Canada}} ([[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979 World Cup]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 World Cup]], [[2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off]])
*{{cr|Zimbabwe}} ([[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983 World Cup]], [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987 World Cup]], [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992 World Cup]])
*{{cr|Bangladesh}} ([[1986 Asia Cup]], [[1988 Asia Cup]], [[Austral-Asia Cup#Second edition 1990|1990 Austral-Asia Cup]], [[1990–91 Asia Cup|1990 Asia Cup]], [[1995 Asia Cup]], [[1997 Asia Cup]])
*{{cr|United Arab Emirates}} ([[Austral-Asia Cup#Third edition 1994|1994 Austral-Asia Cup]], [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]], [[2004 Asia Cup]] and [[2008 Asia Cup]])
*{{cr|Kenya}} ([[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]], [[Sameer Cup 1996–97|1996 Sameer Cup]])
*{{cr|Netherlands}} ([[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]], [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]] and [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 World Cup]])
*{{cr|Scotland}} ([[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999 World Cup]])
*{{cr|Namibia}} ([[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 World Cup]])
*{{cr|Hong Kong}} ([[2004 Asia Cup]], [[2008 Asia Cup]] and [[2018 Asia Cup]])
*{{cr|United States}} ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy]])
*{{cr|Jersey}} ([[2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off]])

Finally, since 2005, three composite teams have played matches with full ODI status. These matches were:
*The [[World Cricket Tsunami Appeal]], a one-off match between the [[List of Asian XI ODI cricketers|Asian Cricket Council XI]] vs [[World XI (cricket)|ICC World XI]] in the 2004/05 season.
*The Afro-Asia Cup, two three-ODI series played in [[2005 Afro-Asia Cup|2005]] and [[2007 Afro-Asia Cup]] between the Asian Cricket Council XI and the [[List of African XI ODI cricketers|African XI]].
*The [[ICC Super Series]], a three-ODI series played between the ICC World XI and the then-top-ranked Australian cricket team in the 2005/06 season.

{{Timeline of ODI Teams}}

==One Day records==
{{See also|List of One Day International cricket records}}

==NatWest Series==
The NatWest Series is the name used for One Day International cricket tournaments held in England since 2000. The tournaments are sponsored by the [[National Westminster Bank]].

===2000 to 2005: triangular series===
The original format of the NatWest Series was a three-team triangular tournament, involving [[England cricket team|England]] and two visiting international sides. Each of the three teams would play the other two three times each, after which the two top teams would face each other in a final at [[Lord's]] in London. The ten matches would be played at the seven international grounds (Lord's, [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Old Trafford (cricket)|Old Trafford]], [[The Oval]], [[Trent Bridge]] and the [[Riverside Ground]]), as well as other county cricket grounds such as the [[St Lawrence Ground]] (Canterbury), [[SWALEC Stadium|Sophia Gardens]] (Cardiff), the [[Rose Bowl, Hampshire|Rose Bowl]] (Southampton) and at [[County Cricket Ground, Bristol|Bristol]].

The first NatWest Series was held in 2000 a year after England hosted the [[1999 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]. The [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and [[Zimbabwe cricket team|Zimbabwe]] were the two visiting teams, with England and Zimbabwe contesting the first final. England won by 6 wickets, with [[Darren Gough]] taking 3–20 and [[Alec Stewart]] scoring 97.

It used to be a common occurrence at the end of cricket Test matches for the crowd to invade the pitch to watch the presentation from the pavilion balcony. In the UK this tradition ended in 2001 Natwest Series after a steward was injured in a pitch invasion at a one-day match between England and Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2001/natwest_series/1393107.stm Pitch invasion mars Pakistan win – BBC Sport]</ref> Invading the pitch can now warrant a £1,000 fine, and post-match presentations are held on the field. During the presentation ceremony at the 2001 NatWest Series final on the balcony at [[Lord's]], [[Michael Bevan]] was hit in the face with a beer can thrown from the crowd.<ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/103573.html?wrappertype=print Bevan hit in face by beer can during presentations – Cricinfo.com]</ref>

Other notable matches in the series included the 2002 final, where England faced [[India national cricket team|India]]. England posted a total of 325–5 with [[Nasser Hussain]] scoring 115, his only one day century, and [[Marcus Trescothick]] also scoring 109, but were beaten by India who made 326–8 thanks to [[Mohammad Kaif]] scoring 87 and [[Yuvraj Singh]] 69.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8569/scorecard/66292/england-vs-india-final-natwest-series-2002|title=Full Scorecard of England vs India Final 2002 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In 2005, [[Bangladesh cricket team|Bangladesh]] secured an unexpected victory over [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] in Cardiff, with [[Mohammad Ashraful]] scoring a century. Also, that year's final between Australia and England was a tie, with both sides scoring 196 and sharing the trophy.

By the time of the last triangular tournament in 2005, every [[Test cricket#Test cricket playing nations|test-playing nation]] had participated in at least one NatWest Series.

====Tournaments by year====
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! Season
! Winner
! Runner-up
! Third place
|-
||[[2000 NatWest Triangular Series|2000]] ||'''{{cr|England}}'''||{{cr|Zimbabwe}}||{{cr|West Indies}}
|-
||[[2001 NatWest Series|2001]]||'''{{cr|Australia}}'''||{{cr|Pakistan}}||{{flagdeco|England}} England
|-
||[[2002 NatWest Series|2002]] ||'''{{cr|India}}'''||{{flagdeco|England}} England ||{{cr|Sri Lanka}}
|-
||[[2003 NatWest Series|2003]]||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England'''||{{cr|South Africa}}||{{flagdeco|Zimbabwe}} Zimbabwe
|-
||[[2004 NatWest Series|2004]]||'''{{cr|New Zealand}}'''||{{flagdeco|West Indies}} West Indies||{{flagdeco|England}} England
|-
||[[One-Day Internationals in England in 2005#NatWest Series|2005]] ||{{flagdeco|Australia}} '''Australia''' {{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ''(shared)''|| ||{{cr|Bangladesh}}
|-
|}

===NatWest Challenge===

For three seasons, from 2003 to 2005, three extra One Day Internationals were arranged for the England team in addition to the NatWest Series.

In 2003, Pakistan came to England for the three match series. In 2004, India played the NatWest Challenge as a prelude to the [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophy]] held in England that year. The following year, Australia played these matches between the NatWest Series and [[The Ashes]]. The [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] began their trial of the "[[List of cricket terms|Supersub]]", 12th man who could bat or bowl and "[[List of cricket terms|Powerplay]]", flexible fielding restrictions in the 2005 matches. The Supersub idea was jettisoned after a year whilst the Powerplay experiment was retained.

====NatWest Challenge results====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Season
! Matches
! Winner
! Runner-up
! Result
|-
||[[Pakistani cricket team in England in 2003|2003]] ||align=center|3||'''{{cr|England}}''' || {{cr|Pakistan}} ||align=center| 2–1
|-
||[[Indian cricket team in England in 2004|2004]] ||align=center|3||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' || {{cr|India}} ||align=center| 2–1
|-
||[[One-Day Internationals in England in 2005#NatWest Challenge|2005]] ||align=center|3||'''{{cr|Australia}}''' ||{{flagdeco|England}} England ||align=center| 2–1
|-
|}

===2006 to date===

The triangular format was abandoned in 2006, when England reverted to playing separate series against each visiting team (as they had in the [[Texaco Trophy]] from 1984 until 1998), but the name NatWest Series was retained. This was attributed to the poor crowds at matches not involving the home team.<ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/england/content/story/143964.html ECB to scrap triangular tournament], Cricinfo, Retrieved on 6 June 2009</ref> The NatWest Series includes one or two matches in the [[Twenty20]] cricket format against the touring team. The home team now plays 10 One Day Internationals a season.

In 2006, England played five matches against each of Sri Lanka and Pakistan, losing 5–0 to Sri Lanka and drawing 2–2 with Pakistan.

In 2007, the visiting teams were the West Indies and India: England lost the three-match series against the West Indies 2–1, and defeated India 4–3 in the seven-match series.

====2008 Series====

In June 2008, England lost the five-match series against New Zealand 3–1 with one match rained off. During a close match 4 at The Oval that NZ won, [[Grant Elliott]] was controversially run out after a mid-pitch collision with [[Ryan Sidebottom]].

In August/September 2008, England beat South Africa 4–0 in the five match series with the final match rained off. Led by new captain [[Kevin Pietersen]], a revitalised England beat an "end of tour" South Africa. In match 2 in Nottingham, SA were bowled out for 83 and England won the day/night match before the floodlights were required.

In the [[Twenty20]] matches, England beat New Zealand in the only match in Manchester in June however the match against South Africa at Chester-le-Street was abandoned without a ball being bowled.

====2009 Series====
{{See also|Australian cricket team in England in 2009#NatWest series}}
In May 2009, England led by [[Andrew Strauss]] beat the West Indies 2–0 with one match rained off. England won both matches, by 58 runs at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Birmingham]] and by 6 wickets, [[County Cricket Ground, Bristol|Bristol]], respectively. There were no Twenty20 internationals scheduled due to the [[ICC World Twenty20]] event in June.

In August/September England were scheduled to play two Twenty20 matches at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Manchester]] versus Australia. The first match was abandoned during the England innings and the second match was abandoned without a ball being bowled.

A seven match series was contested in September 2009 versus Australia after the home team's [[The Ashes|Ashes]] series win. The Australians won the first six, at The Oval, two at Lords, [[Rose Bowl, Hampshire|Southampton]] and two at Nottingham, and England won the final match at the [[Riverside Ground|Chester-le-Street]]. The top run scorer in the series was Andrew Strauss, 267 runs for England, who also scored most in the Ashes Test match series. Top wicket taker was [[Brett Lee]], 12 wickets for Australia, who did not appear in the summer's Test series.<ref>[http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=4287;type=series Most runs in ENG v AUS NatWest Series 2009 – Cricinfo.com]</ref><ref>[http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=4287;type=series Most wickets in ENG v AUS 2009 NatWest Series 2009 – Cricinfo.com]</ref>

====2010 Series====

During the 2010 summer there were three NatWest Series. In June 2010, England played a five match tour series versus Australia, who were in the country to play a [[Test match cricket|Test]] series [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]]. England beat the Australians 3–2 winning the first three matches with [[Eoin Morgan]] scoring the most runs, 238 runs and [[Stuart Broad]] taking 12 wickets on either side.

In July, England beat [[Bangladesh cricket team|Bangladesh]] 2–1 in a three match series. The series was notable as Bangladesh beat England for the very first time in one-day cricket.

In September, England played Pakistan in two Twenty20 matches (not part of the NatWest Series) and a five match one-day match series. This series was played with the backdrop of spot fixing allegations made against Pakistani players during the Test match series against England. England won the two Twenty20 matches at [[SWALEC Stadium|Cardiff]].

England then went on to win the one-day series 3–2. England lost the 3rd match at [[The Oval]] by 23 runs. The [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] launched an investigation into the match after receiving information that there were scoring irregularities during the England innings. [[Ijaz Butt]] the Pakistan Cricket Board chairman suggested that as "a conspiracy" to defraud Pakistan cricket. Butt went on to accuse England players of bad practice, allegations he later withdrew.<ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/england-v-pakistan-2010/content/story/481374.html ICC Confirm Oval ODI was clean]</ref> [[Andrew Strauss]] scored the most runs, 317 runs and [[Umar Gul]] took most wickets, 12, during the series.

====2011 Series====

In June and July 2011, England won the five match series 3–2 versus Sri Lanka. England won the close deciding 5th match at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]] by 16 runs. The 2nd match at [[The Oval]] was notable as Sri Lankan batsman [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] played his 445th and final one-day international. England's captain [[Alastair Cook]] scored the most runs in the series (298). Sri Lankan Spinner [[Suraj Randiv]] and England fast bowler [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] were joint highest wicket takers, (9). Sri Lanka won the Nat West Twenty20 International by 9 wickets at [[County Cricket Ground, Bristol|Bristol]].

In September, England won a five match series versus India 3–0 with one tied match and one no result. The 4th match at Lords ended in a tie under the [[Duckworth-Lewis method]]. The 5th match at [[Sophia Gardens|Cardiff]], was [[Rahul Dravid]]'s 344th and final one-day international. He also played his first and last Twenty20 International at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]]. England won that match, at the end of August, by 6 wickets. In the one day series, Indian captain [[MS Dhoni]] scored the most runs, (236) and English spinner [[Graeme Swann]] took the most wickets (8). India went through the whole tour of England without a win in an international match, after also losing the Test series 4–0.

England played two more Twenty20 Internationals at The Oval versus the West Indies to close the season. The series ended 1–1.

====NatWest Series results since 2006====
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
!rowspan=2|Season
!colspan=4|One Day Internationals
!colspan=4|Twenty20 Internationals
|-
! Matches
! Winner
! Runner-up
! Result
! Matches
! Winner
! Runner-up
! Result
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|2006 ||align=center|5|| '''{{cr|Sri Lanka}}''' || {{cr|England}} || '''5–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wi/engine/series/224902.html|title=NatWest Series [Sri Lanka in England], 2006|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>||align=center|1||{{flagdeco|Sri Lanka}} '''Sri Lanka'''||{{flagdeco|England}} England||'''1–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14638/scorecard/225271/england-vs-sri-lanka-only-t20i-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-2006|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Sri Lanka Only T20I 2006 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|5||align=left| {{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' '''{{cr|Pakistan}}''' ''(shared)''|| || '''2–2'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pak/engine/series/224901.html|title=NatWest Series [Pakistan in England], 2006|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|1||{{flagdeco|Pakistan}} '''Pakistan'''||{{flagdeco|England}} England||'''1–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14612/scorecard/225263/england-vs-pakistan-only-t20i-pakistan-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2006|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Pakistan Only T20I 2006 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|2007 ||align=center|3||align=left| '''{{cr|West Indies}}''' ||{{flagdeco|England}} England|| '''2–1'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/c/engine/series/258448.html|title=NatWest Series [West Indies in England], 2007|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>||align=center|2||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' {{flagdeco|West Indies}} '''West Indies''' ''(shared)''|| ||'''1–1'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/scores/series/14359/west-indies-in-england-t20i-series-2007?type=t20i|title=West Indies in England T20I Series 2007 - Live Cricket Schedules, Updates, Results|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|7||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England'''||{{cr|India}}|| '''4–3'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/c/engine/series/258453.html|title=NatWest Series [India in England], 2007|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>||colspan=4 align="center" bgcolor="#F5F5F5" |''(No Twenty20 Series played)''
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|2008 ||align=center|5||align=left|'''{{cr|New Zealand}}''' ||{{flagdeco|England}} England|| '''3–1'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/c/engine/series/296896.html|title=NatWest Series [New Zealand in England], 2008|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|1||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England'''||{{flagdeco|New Zealand}} New Zealand||'''1–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14016/scorecard/296903/england-vs-new-zealand-only-t20i-new-zealand-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2008|title=Full Scorecard of England vs New Zealand Only T20I 2008 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|5||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{cr|South Africa}} || '''4–0'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/296897.html|title=Results|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|1||colspan=3 align="center" bgcolor="#F5F5F5" |''(Match abandoned)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13976/scorecard/296913/england-vs-south-africa-only-t20i-south-africa-tour-of-england-2008|title=Full Scorecard of England vs South Africa Only T20I 2008 - Score Report |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|2009 ||align=center|3||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{flagdeco|West Indies}} West Indies || '''2–0'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wi/engine/series/380711.html|title=NatWest Series [West Indies in England], 2009|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||colspan=4 align="center" bgcolor="#F5F5F5" |''(No Twenty20 Series played)''
|-
|align=center|7||align=left| '''{{cr|Australia}}''' ||{{flagdeco|England}} England|| '''6–1'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/aus/engine/series/350029.html|title=NatWest Series [Australia in England], 2009|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|2||colspan=3 align="center" bgcolor="#F5F5F5"|''(Both matches abandoned)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13659/scorecard/350050/england-vs-australia-1st-t20i-australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2009|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Australia 1st T20I 2009 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13659/scorecard/350051/england-vs-australia-2nd-t20i-australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2009|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Australia 2nd T20I 2009 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center rowspan=3|2010 ||align=center|5||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{flagdeco|Australia}} Australia || '''3–2'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/qeA/engine/series/426380.html|title=NatWest Series [Australia in England], 2010|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||colspan=4 align="center" bgcolor="#F5F5F5" |''(No Twenty20 Series played)''
|-
|align=center|3||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' || {{cr|Bangladesh}} || '''2–1'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl/engine/series/426352.html|title=NatWest Series [Bangladesh in England], 2010|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>||colspan=4 align="center" bgcolor="#F5F5F5" |''(No Twenty20 Series played)''
|-
|align=center|5||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{flagdeco|Pakistan}} Pakistan|| '''3–2'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wi/engine/series/426360.html|title=NatWest Series [Pakistan in England], 2010|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|2||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England'''||{{flagdeco|Pakistan}} Pakistan||'''2–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13222/scorecard/426417/england-vs-pakistan-1st-t20i-pakistan-tour-of-england-2010|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Pakistan 1st T20I 2010 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13222/scorecard/426418/england-vs-pakistan-2nd-t20i-pakistan-tour-of-england-2010|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Pakistan 2nd T20I 2010 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|2011 ||align=center|5||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{flagdeco|Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka || '''3–2'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/Sri_Lanka/engine/series/474458.html|title=NatWest Series [Sri Lanka in England], 2011|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|1||{{flagdeco|Sri Lanka}} '''Sri Lanka'''||{{flagdeco|England}} England||'''1–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12899/scorecard/474466/england-vs-sri-lanka-only-t20i-sri-lanka-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2011|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Sri Lanka Only T20I 2011 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|5||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{flagdeco|India}} India|| '''3–0''' + Tie *<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/c/engine/series/474461.html|title=NatWest Series [India in England], 2011|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ||align=center|1||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England'''||{{flagdeco|India}} India||'''1–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12838/scorecard/474476/england-vs-india-only-t20i-india-tour-of-england-2011|title=Full Scorecard of England vs India Only T20I 2011 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|2012 ||align=center|3||align=left|{{flagdeco|England}} '''England''' ||{{flagdeco|West Indies}} West Indies || '''2–0'''*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/534189.html|title=Results|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>||align=center|1||{{flagdeco|England}} '''England'''||{{flagdeco|West Indies}} West Indies||'''1–0'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12527/scorecard/534208/england-vs-west-indies-only-t20i-west-indies-tour-of-england-2012|title=Full Scorecard of England vs West Indies Only T20I 2012 - Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

'* One match no result

==See also==

*[[ICC Test Championship]]
*[[ICC ODI Championship]]
*[[ICC T20I Championship]]
*[[Limited overs cricket]]
*[[List of One Day International cricket records|One Day International records]]
*[[One Day International cricket hat-tricks|One Day International hat-tricks]]
*[[List of batsmen who have scored over 10000 One Day International cricket runs]]{{clear}}
*[[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090809143624/http://thehub.natwest.com/Cricket/Default.aspx NatWest International One Day Series] (archived 9 August 2009)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130806101801/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations International Cricket Rules and Regulations] at the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] website (archived 6 August 2013)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060323081414/http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc-iccss/content/story/211848.html ICC Chief Executives' Committee approves introduction of ODI innovations] by Jon Long, ''ICC website'', 25 June 2005, Retrieved 25 November 2005 (archived 23 March 2006).
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060323081406/http://www.icc-cricket.com/southafrica/content/story/212296.html "ODI changes to take effect in NatWest Challenge"] by Cricinfo staff, ''Cricinfo'', 30 June 2005, Retrieved 25 November 2005 (archived 23 March 2006).
*[http://content-pak.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/213010.html "Those new one-day rules explained"] by Cricinfo staff, ''Cricinfo'', 8 July 2005, retrieved 26 November 2005.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060205092146/http://www.natwestseries.com/ NatWest Series Cricket] – the official website of the NatWest Series (archived 5 February 2006)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209094336/http://www.ecb.co.uk/england/natwest-series/ ECB NatWest Series] (archived 9 February 2006)

{{International cricket}}
{{Forms of cricket}}
{{Melbourne events}}

[[Category:One Day International cricket]]
[[Category:Sports originating in Australia]]
[[Category:Games and sports introduced in 1971]]

International Cricket Council

2023-10-12T09:34:32Z

BrockKemp6350:

{{Short description|Global governing body of cricket}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox organisation
| image = International Cricket Council (logo).svg
| caption =
| abbreviation = ICC
| predecessor = Imperial Cricket Conference (1909–1965) 
International Cricket Conference (1965–1989)
| formation = {{Start date and age|1909|06|15|df=y}}
| headquarters = [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] (2005–present) [[London]], [[England]] (1909–2005)
| languages = [[English language|English]]
| revenue = [[United States dollar|US$]]40.7 million (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2021/07/18/97d5c7e4-a890-46c8-836b-0c4c1cde52fa/ICC-ANNUAL-REPORT-2020-2021-FOR-MEMBERS.pdf |title=ICC Annual Report 10 October 2021 |access-date=10 October 2021 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613224627/https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2021/07/18/97d5c7e4-a890-46c8-836b-0c4c1cde52fa/ICC-ANNUAL-REPORT-2020-2021-FOR-MEMBERS.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| type = [[List of international sports federations|Federation of national associations]]
| membership = [[List of International Cricket Council members|108 members]]
| leader_title = [[Chairman of the International Cricket Council|Chairman]]
| leader_name = Greg Barclay
| leader_title2 = CEO
| leader_name2 = [[Geoff Allardice]]<ref>{{cite news |title=ICC appoints Geoff Allardice as CEO on permanent basis |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/119925/icc-appoints-geoff-allardice-as-ceo-on-permanent-basis |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = General Manager
| leader_name3 = [[Wasim Khan]]
| website = {{official URL}}
}}
{{Sidebar
| above = ICC Events, Championships & Rankings

| heading1 = Men's
| content1 = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cricket World Cup|ICC Cricket World Cup]]
* [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]
* [[ICC Men's Champions Trophy]]
* [[ICC World Test Championship]]
* [[Under-19 Cricket World Cup|ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]]
* [[ICC Cricket World Cup Super League]]
}}

| heading2 = Women's
| content2 = {{Plainlist|
* [[Women's Cricket World Cup|ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]]
* [[ICC Women's T20 World Cup]]
* [[ICC Women's Under-19 Cricket World Cup]]
* [[ICC Women's Championship]]
* [[ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy]]
}}

| heading3 = Rankings
| content3 = {{Plainlist|
* [[ICC Men's Player Rankings]]
* [[ICC Women's Player Rankings]]
* [[ICC Men's Test Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Women's ODI and T20I rankings]]
}}

| heading4 = Others
| content4 = {{Plainlist|
* [[ICC Awards]]
* [[Cricket at the Olympics]]
* [[Cricket at the Commonwealth Games]]
}}
}}

The '''International Cricket Council''' ('''ICC''') is the global [[Sports governing body|governing body]] of [[cricket]]. It was founded as the ''Imperial Cricket Conference'' in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England and South Africa. It was renamed as the ''International Cricket Conference'' in 1965, and took up its current name in 1987. The ICC has its headquarters in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]].

The ICC has 108 member nations currently: 12 [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Members|Full Members]] that play [[Test cricket|Test matches]], and 96 [[List of International Cricket Council members#Associate Members|Associate Members]].<ref name="members">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members|title=ICC Members|publisher=ICC|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, most notably the [[Cricket World Cup]], [[T20 World Cup]], and [[ICC World Test Championship]]. It also appoints the [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]] and [[referee]]s that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, [[One Day International]]s and [[Twenty20 International]]s. It promulgates the [[ICC Code of Conduct]], which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/rules/code-of-conduct-for-players-and-officials.pdf |title=International Cricket Council – ICC Events, ICC Cricket Rankings, Live Cricket Scores |publisher=Icc-cricket.com |access-date=8 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712131901/http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/rules/code-of-conduct-for-players-and-officials.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007 }}</ref> and also co-ordinates action against corruption and [[match-fixing]] through its [[ICC Anti Corruption and Security Unit|Anti-Corruption and Security Unit]] (ACSU).

The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries (which include all [[Test cricket|Test matches]]), and neither does it govern domestic cricket within member countries. It does not make or alter the [[Laws of cricket|laws of the game]], which have remained under the governance of the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] since 1788.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/|title=Laws|website=www.lords.org|language=en|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

The [[Chairman of the International Cricket Council|Chairman]] heads the board of directors and on 26 June 2014, [[Narayanaswami Srinivasan]], the former president of [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]], was announced as the first chairman of the council.<ref>{{cite web|title=Srinivasan elected as the new Chairman of ICC from July 2014 onwards|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/srinivasan-elected-as-the-new-chairman-of-icc-from-july-2014-onwards-1392007635-1|website=Jagran Prakashan| date= 10 February 2014|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref> The role of ICC president has become a largely honorary position since the establishment of the chairman role and other changes were made to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the 'Big Three' nations of England, India and Australia.<ref name="Kamal Quits">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/32144906|title=Mustafa Kamal quits as ICC president after World Cup snub|publisher=BBC Sport|date=1 April 2015|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> The last ICC president was [[Zaheer Abbas]],<ref name="Abbas">{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/sport/cricket/pakistan/zaheer-abbas-appointed-icc-president-1.1540472 |title=Zaheer Abbas Appointed ICC President |work=[[Gulf News]] |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=25 June 2015}}</ref> who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of [[Mustafa Kamal (politician)|Mustafa Kamal]] in April 2015. When the post of ICC president was abolished in April 2016, [[Shashank Manohar]], who replaced Srinivasan in October 2015, became the first independent elected chairman of the ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Office Bearers|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/the-icc/history-of-icc/icc-office-bearers|access-date=2020-09-07|website=www.icc-cricket.com}}</ref>

==History==
{{prose|section|date=October 2023}}
=== 1909–1963 – Imperial Cricket Conference ===

On 30 November 1907, [[Abe Bailey]], the President of the South African Cricket Association, wrote a letter to the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]]'s (MCC, England) secretary, [[Francis Lacey]]. Bailey suggested the formation of an 'Imperial Cricket Board'. In the letter, he suggested that the board would be responsible for the formulation of rules and regulations which will govern the international matches between the three members: Australia, England and South Africa. Bailey, wanted to host a Triangular Test series between the participant countries in South Africa. Australia rejected the offer. However, Bailey did not lose hope. He saw an opportunity of getting the three members together during Australia's tour of England in 1909. After continued lobbying and efforts, Bailey was successful.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/the-icc/history-of-icc/1909-1963|title=International Cricket Council|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref>

On 15 June 1909, representatives from [[English cricket team|England]], [[Australian cricket team|Australia]] and [[South African cricket team|South Africa]] met at [[Lord's]] and founded the ''Imperial Cricket Conference''. A month later, a second meeting between the three members was held. The rules were agreed upon amongst the nations, and the first-ever Tri-Test series was decided to be held in England in 1912.<ref name=":0"/>

In 1926, [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]], [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] and [[Indian cricket team|India]] were elected as Full Members, doubling the number of Test-playing nations to six. After the formation of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, it was given [[Test status]] in 1952, becoming the seventh Test-playing nation. In May 1961 South Africa left the Commonwealth and therefore lost membership.<ref name=":0"/>

=== 1964–1988 – International Cricket Conference ===

In 1964, the ICC agreed to include the non-Test playing countries. The following year, the ICC changed its name to the International Cricket Conference. The [[US]], [[Ceylon]] and [[Fiji]] were admitted as Associates, a new class of members.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/the-icc/history-of-icc/1964-1988|title=International Cricket Council|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

In 1968, [[Denmark]], [[Bermuda]], [[Netherlands]], and [[East Africa]] were admitted as Associates, while South Africa had still not applied to rejoin the ICC.

In 1969, the basic rules of ICC were amended.

At the 1971 meeting, the idea of organizing a World Cup was introduced. At the 1973 meeting, it was decided that a World Cup would be played in 1975 in England. The six Test playing nations and [[East Africa]] and [[Sri Lanka]] were invited to take part.<ref name=":1" />

New members were added frequently during this period:

In 1974, [[Israel]] and [[Singapore]] were admitted as Associates.

In 1976, [[West Africa]] was admitted as an Associate.

In 1977, [[Bangladesh]] was admitted as an Associate.

In 1978, [[Papua-New Guinea]] was admitted as an Associate. [[South Africa]] applied to rejoin, but their application was rejected.

In 1981, [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] was promoted to a Full Member, and they played their first Test in 1982.

In 1984, a third class of membership (Affiliate) was introduced. [[Italy]] was the first such member, followed by [[Switzerland]] in 1985. In 1987, [[Bahamas]] and [[France]] were admitted, followed by [[Nepal]] in 1988.

=== 1989–present – International Cricket Council ===
At the July 1989 meeting, the ICC renamed itself as the International Cricket Council, and the tradition of the MCC President automatically becoming the Chairman of ICC was abolished.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/the-icc/history-of-icc/1989-present|title=International Cricket Council|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref>

In 1990, [[UAE]] joined as an Associate.

In 1991, for the first time in ICC history, the meeting was held away from [[England]], in [[Melbourne]]. [[South Africa]] was re-elected as a Full Member of the ICC in July, following the end of [[apartheid]].

In 1992, [[Zimbabwe Cricket|Zimbabwe]] was admitted as the ninth Full Member. [[Namibia]] joined as an Associate member. [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Brunei]] and [[Spain]] joined as Affiliates.

In 1993, the position of ''Chief Executive of ICC'' was created; [[David Richards (cricket administrator)|David Richards]] of the Australian Cricket Board was the first person appointed to the position. In July, [[Sir Clyde Walcott]], from Barbados, was elected as the first non-British Chairman. The emergence of new technology saw the introduction of a [[third umpire]] who was equipped with video playback facilities.

By 1995, TV replays were made available for run-outs and stumpings in Test matches, with the third umpire required to signal out or not out with red and green lights respectively. The following year, the cameras were used to determine if the ball had crossed the boundary, and in 1997 decisions on the cleanness of catches could be referred to the third umpire. This year also saw the introduction of the [[Duckworth-Lewis method]] of adjusting targets in rain-affected ODI matches.

In 2000, [[Bangladesh Cricket Board|Bangladesh]] were admitted as the tenth Full Member of the International Cricket Council.

In 2005, ICC moved to its new headquarters in [[Dubai]].

In 2017, [[Afghanistan Cricket Board|Afghanistan]] and [[Cricket Ireland|Ireland]] were admitted as the eleventh and twelfth Full Members of the International Cricket Council after a unanimous vote at the ICC Full Council meeting at [[The Oval]]. Affiliate Membership was also abolished, with all existing Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members.

In 2018, all Women's T20 matches were elevated to [[Women's Twenty20 International]] status.

In July 2022, [[Cricket Association of Cambodia|Cambodia]], Cote D'Ivoire, and [[Cricket Federation of Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]] were granted associate member status by ICC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three new countries receive ICC Membership status |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2690683#:~:text=The%20ICC%20awarded%20three%20new,108%20countries%2C%20including%2096%20Associates. |access-date=27 July 2022 |work=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Manoj |title=Cambodia, Uzbekistan and Cote D'Ivoire receive membership status from ICC |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cambodia-uzbekistan-and-cote-divoire-receive-membership-status-from-icc/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |work=CricTracker |date=27 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

On 12 June 2023, After Australia's ICC World Test Championship title win against India, in the final by 209 runs at The Oval, Australia made history by becoming the first-ever team to clinch all major ICC trophies.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

== Members ==
{{Main|List of International Cricket Council members}}
[[File:International_Cricket_Council_members_(by_status)_2017.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Current ICC Members by Membership status: 
{{Color box|#ff0000|border=darkgray}} Full Members 
{{Color box|#ff6600|border=darkgray}} Associate Members with [[One-Day International|ODI]] status 
{{Color box|#ff9900|border=darkgray}} Associate Members 
{{Color box|#333333|border=darkgray}} Former or suspended Members 
{{Color box|#cccccc|border=darkgray}} Non-Members]]
'''Full Members''' – The twelve governing bodies of teams that have full voting rights within the International Cricket Council and play official Test matches.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Region
! scope="col" | Admitted
|-
! scope="row" | [[England and Wales Cricket Board|England]]
| [[ICC Europe|Europe]]
| 1909
|-
! scope="row" | [[Cricket Australia|Australia]]
| [[ICC East Asia-Pacific|East Asia-Pacific]]
| 1909
|-
! scope="row" | [[Cricket South Africa|South Africa]]
| [[ICC Africa|Africa]]
| 1909
|-
! scope="row" | [[Cricket West Indies|West Indies]]
| [[ICC Americas|Americas]]
| 1926
|-
! scope="row" | [[New Zealand Cricket|New Zealand]]
| [[ICC East Asia-Pacific|East Asia-Pacific]]
| 1926
|-
! scope="row" | [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|India]]
| [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]
| 1926
|-
! scope="row" | [[Pakistan Cricket Board|Pakistan]]
| [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]
| 1952
|-
! scope="row" | [[Sri Lanka Cricket|Sri Lanka]]
| [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]
| 1981
|-
! scope="row" | [[Zimbabwe Cricket|Zimbabwe]]
| [[ICC Africa|Africa]]
| 1992
|-
! scope="row" | [[Bangladesh Cricket Board|Bangladesh]]
| [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]
| 2000
|-
! scope="row" | [[Cricket Ireland|Ireland]]
| [[ICC Europe|Europe]]
| 2017
|-
! scope="row" | [[Afghanistan Cricket Board|Afghanistan]]
| [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]
| 2017
|}

'''Associate Members''' – The 96 governing bodies in countries where cricket is firmly established and organised, but have not been granted Full Membership yet.

==Location==
[[Image:ICC Dubai 1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The ICC's offices in [[Dubai]]]]
From its formation, the ICC had [[Lord's Cricket Ground]] as its home, and from 1993 had its offices in the "Clock Tower" building at the nursery end of the ground. The independent ICC was funded initially by commercial exploitation of the rights to the World Cup of One Day International cricket. As not all Member countries had [[Double taxation|double-tax agreements]] with the United Kingdom, it was necessary to protect cricket's revenues by creating a company, ICC Development (International) Pvt. Ltd – known as IDI, outside the UK. This was established in January 1994 and was based in Monaco.{{Citation needed paragraph|date=September 2021}}

For the remainder of the nineties, the administration of IDI was a modest affair. But with the negotiation of a bundle of rights to all ICC events from 2001 to 2008, revenues available to International cricket and the ICC member countries rose substantially. This led to a growth in the number of commercial staff employed by IDI in Monaco. It also had the disadvantage that the council's cricket administrators, who remained at Lord's, were separated from their commercial colleagues in Monaco. The Council decided to seek ways of bringing all of their staff together in one office while protecting their commercial income from tax.{{Citation needed paragraph|date=September 2021}}

The option of staying at Lord's was investigated and a request was made, through [[Sport England]], to the British Government to allow the ICC to have all its personnel (including those working on commercial matters) in London – but be given special exemption from paying UK [[corporation tax]] on its commercial income. The British Government was unwilling to create a precedent and would not agree to this request. As a consequence, the ICC examined other locations and eventually settled on the emirate of [[Dubai]] in the [[United Arab Emirates]]. ICC is registered in [[British Virgin Islands]]. In August 2005, the ICC moved its offices to [[Dubai]], and subsequently closed its offices at Lord's and Monaco. The move to Dubai was made after an 11–1 vote by the ICC's executive board in favour.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/4326601.stm | work=BBC News | title=Cricket chiefs move base to Dubai | date=7 March 2005}}</ref>

While the principal driver of the ICC's move to [[Dubai]] was the wish to bring its main employees together in one tax-efficient location, a secondary reason was the wish to move offices closer to the increasingly important new centres of cricketing power in South Asia. Lord's had been a logical venue when the ICC had been administered by the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) (a situation that lasted until 1993). But the growing power of India and Pakistan in world cricket had made the continued control of international cricket by a British private members club (the MCC) anachronistic and unsustainable. A direct consequence of the changes and reforms instituted in 1993 was eventually to be the move away from Lord's to a more neutral venue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GD23Df05.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050422140355/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GD23Df05.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=22 April 2005|title= Cricket's home moves closer to the money|work=[[Asia Times Online]]| date=23 April 2005|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref>

==Income generation==
[[File:ICC logo 2010.jpg|thumb|Variant ICC Logo with old motto]]
The ICC generates income from the tournaments it organises, primarily the [[Cricket World Cup]], and it distributes the majority of that income to its members. Sponsorship and television rights of the World Cup brought in over US$1.6 billion between 2007 and 2015, by far the ICC's main source of income.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/current/story/271994.html |title=ICC rights go to ESPN-Star|publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=[[Cricinfo]]|date= 9 December 2006|access-date=8 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/276853.html |title=ICC set to cash in on sponsorship rights |publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=[[Cricinfo]] |date= 18 January 2007|access-date=8 May 2011}}</ref> In the nine-month accounting period to 31 December 2007 the ICC had operating income of $12.66 million, mainly from member subscriptions and sponsorship. In contrast, event income was [[US$]]285.87 million, including $239 million from the 2007 World Cup. There was also investment income of $6.695 million in the period. In 2022 ICC generated US$ 208,375,000 as an net income.<ref>[https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2023/05/10/87728b20-b1ea-469d-871b-f42d5bfee10f/ICC-Consolidated-Financial-Statements-2022.pdf THE INTERNATIONAL CRICKET COUNCIL LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS] 31 December 2022</ref>

The ICC has no income streams from the bilateral international cricket matches ([[Test cricket|Test matches]], [[One Day International]] and [[Twenty20|Twenty20 Internationals]]), that account for the great majority of the international playing schedule, as they are owned and run by its members. It has sought to create other new events to augment its World Cup revenues. These include the [[ICC Champions Trophy]] and the [[ICC Super Series]] played in Australia in 2005. However, these events have not been as successful as the ICC hoped. The Super Series was widely seen as a failure and is not expected to be repeated, and India called for the Champions Trophy to be scrapped in 2006.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/cricket/biggest-player-in-the-game-flexes-muscle/2006/01/06/1136387626870.html | location=Melbourne | work=[[The Age]] | title=Biggest player in the game flexes muscle | date=7 January 2006}}</ref> The [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy 2004]] event was referred to in ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden 2005]]'' by the editor as a "turkey of a tournament" and a "fiasco"; although the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006 event]] was seen as a greater success due to a new format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/267074.html |title=ICC President thanks India for "outstanding" ICC Champions Trophy | author=Murgatroyd, Brian / ICC|publisher=ESPN | work=Cricinfo |date= 6 November 2006|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/267074.html |title=When the cricket did all the talking |publisher=ESPN | work=Cricinfo |date= 7 November 2006|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref>

The [[ICC World Twenty20]], first played [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|in 2007]], was a success. The ICC's current plan is to have an international tournament every year, with a Twenty20 World Cup played in even number years, the World Cup continuing to be held the year before the [[Summer Olympic Games|Olympic Games]], and the ICC Champions Trophy in the remaining year of the cycle. This cycle began [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|in 2010]], one year after the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009 tournament]].

== Rules and regulation ==
The International Cricket Council oversees playing conditions, bowling reviews, and other ICC regulations. The ICC does not have copyright to the ''[[Laws of Cricket]]'': only the [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]] may change the Laws, though this is usually done in consultation with the game's global governing body.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} The ICC maintains a set of playing conditions for international cricket which make slight amendments to the Laws. They also have a "[[ICC Code of Conduct|Code of Conduct]]" to which teams and players in international matches are required to adhere. Where breaches of this code occur the ICC can apply sanctions, usually fines. In 2008, the ICC imposed 19 penalties on players. ICC announces changes to Playing Conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICC announces changes to Playing Conditions |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/3345813 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Umpires and referees==
The ICC appoints international [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]] and [[match referee]]s who officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One-Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. The ICC operates three panels of umpires: the [[Elite Panel of ICC Umpires|Elite Panel]], the [[International Panel of Umpires and Referees|International Panel]], and the [[ICC Associates and Affiliates umpire panel|Associates and Affiliates Panel]].

As of March 2012, the Elite Panel included twelve umpires. In theory, two umpires from the Elite Panel officiate at every Test match, while one Elite Panel umpire stands in ODI matches together with an umpire from the International Panel. In practice, members of the International Panel stand in occasional Test matches, as this is viewed as a good opportunity to see whether they can cope at the Test level, and whether they should be elevated to the Elite Panel. Members of the Elite Panel are full-time employees of the ICC, although they do still, very occasionally, umpire [[first-class cricket]] in their country of residence. The average annual officiating schedule for Elite Umpires is 8–10 Test matches and 10–15 ODIs, a potential on-field workload of 75 days per year, plus travel and preparation time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Match officials|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/42/match-officials|publisher=www.icc-cricket.com|access-date=18 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003001326/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/42/match-officials|archive-date=3 October 2013}}</ref>

The International Panel is made up of officials nominated from each of the ten Test-playing cricket boards. The Panel Members officiate in ODI matches in their home country, and assist the Elite Panel at peak times in the cricket calendar when they can be appointed to overseas ODI and Test matches. International Panel members also undertake overseas umpiring assignments such as the ICC [[U/19 Cricket World Cup|Under 19 Cricket World Cup]] to improve their knowledge and understanding of overseas conditions, and help them prepare for possible promotion to the Elite Panel. Some of these umpires also officiate in the Cricket World Cup. Each of the Test cricket boards nominates a "third umpire" who can be called upon to review certain on-field decisions through instant television replays. All third umpires are first-class umpires in their own country, and the role is seen as a step onto the International Panel, and then the Elite Panel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emirates International Panel of ICC Umpires|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/88/match-officials/emirates-international-panel-of-icc-umpires|publisher=www.icc-cricket.com|access-date=18 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044124/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/88/match-officials/emirates-international-panel-of-icc-umpires|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

The inaugural ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel was formed in June 2006. It superseded the ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel, created in 2005, and serves as the pinnacle for umpires from non-Test playing Members, with selection achieved through each of the five ICC Development Program Regional Umpires Panels.

Members of the Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel are eligible for appointments to ODIs involving ICC Associate Members, ICC Intercontinental Cup matches and other Associate and Affiliate tournaments. High-performing umpires may also be considered for other ICC events, including the ICC U/19 Cricket World Cup, and could also be invited to be involved in the ICC Champions Trophy and ICC Cricket World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/89/match-officials/icc-associate-and-affiliate-international-umpires-panel|publisher=www.icc-cricket.com|access-date=18 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602070629/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/89/match-officials/icc-associate-and-affiliate-international-umpires-panel|archive-date=2 June 2016}}</ref>

There is also an [[Elite Panel of ICC Referees]] who act as the independent representative of the ICC at all Test and ODI matches. As of January 2009, it had 6 members, all highly experienced former international cricketers. The Referees do not have the power to report players or officials (which has to be done by the umpires), but they are responsible for conducting hearings under the ICC Code of Conduct and imposing penalties as required at matches, ranging from an official reprimand to a lifetime ban from cricket. Decisions can be appealed, but the original decision is upheld in most cases.

The Council failed to achieve consensus among the cricket-playing nations – as of June 2012 – on the universal application of an Umpire's Decision Review System, due to opposition by BCCI. It will continue to be applied subject to mutual agreement of the playing countries.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-27/top-stories/32440276_1_drs-ball-tracking-icc-executive-board| archive-url= https://archive.today/20130126142440/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-27/top-stories/32440276_1_drs-ball-tracking-icc-executive-board| url-status= dead| archive-date= 26 January 2013| title= No decision yet on universal application of DRS|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 June 2012}}</ref> In July 2012, ICC decided to send a delegation to show the ball tracking research done by Ed Rosten, an expert on computer vision and technology, to BCCI to remove the scepticism about the use of DRS technology.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/top-stories/32617106_1_expert-in-computer-vision-icc-management-decision-review-system| archive-url= https://archive.today/20130126182508/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/top-stories/32617106_1_expert-in-computer-vision-icc-management-decision-review-system| url-status= dead| archive-date= 26 January 2013| title= Research on DRS to be shown to BCCI| date= 10 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ireland and Afghanistan ICC newest full members amid wide-ranging governance reform|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/422449|website=icc-cricket.com|publisher=ICC|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

==Regional bodies==
These regional bodies aim to organise, promote and develop the game of cricket:
* [[Asian Cricket Council]]
*[[European Cricket Council]]
*[[African Cricket Association]]
* [[ICC Americas]]
* [[ICC East Asia-Pacific]]

Two further regional bodies were disestablished following the creation of the African Cricket Association:
* [[East and Central Africa Cricket Council]]
* [[West Africa Cricket Council]]

==Rankings, Competitions and awards==
{{Main|International cricket}}

=== Rankings ===
The ICC publishes team rankings for all three formats of the game and updates the same periodically.
* [[ICC Men's Test Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Women's ODI and T20I rankings#ODI Rankings|ICC Women's ODI Team Rankings]]
* [[ICC Women's ODI and T20I rankings#T20I Rankings|ICC Women's T20I Team Rankings]]
The ICC Player Rankings are a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances.
* [[ICC Men's Player Rankings]]
* [[ICC Women's Player Rankings]]

=== International tournaments ===

==== Tournaments ====
The ICC organizes various international '''''Test''''', '''''One-Day''''' and '''''Twenty20''''' cricket competitions.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Format
!Test
!One-Day
!Twenty20
|-
| rowspan="2" |Men
| rowspan="2" |[[ICC World Test Championship]]
|[[Cricket World Cup|ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]]
| rowspan="2" |[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]
|-
|[[ICC Champions Trophy]]
|-
|-

| rowspan="2" |Women
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|''–''
| rowspan="2" |[[ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]]
|[[ICC Women's T20 World Cup]]
|-
|[[ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy]]
|-
|Under-19 Men
|style="text-align:center;"|''–''
|[[Under-19 Cricket World Cup|ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]]
|style="text-align:center;"|''–''
|-
|Under-19 Women
|style="text-align:center;"|''–''
|style="text-align:center;"|''–''
|[[Under-19 Women's Twenty20 World Cup|ICC Under-19 Women's Twenty20 World Cup]]
|}
The ICC in association with [[Commonwealth Games Federation]] and [[International Olympic Committee]] also conducts [[Commonwealth Games#List of Commonwealth sports|Twenty20 Cricket Tournament for Women in Commonwealth Games]].

==== Qualifiers ====
The ICC organizes qualifying tournaments for various international main events.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Format
!One-Day
!Twenty20
|-
|Men
|[[ICC World Cup Qualifier|ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Qualifier]], [[ICC Cricket World Cup Super League]]

|[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier]], Regional Qualifiers
|-
|Women
|[[Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier|ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier]], [[ICC Women's Championship]]
|[[ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier]]
|}

Starting with the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]], the Global Qualifiers will no longer take place and teams will qualify directly based on their performance in the previous [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup | T20 World Cup]] and from regional qualifiers.

=== Awards ===
The ICC has instituted the '''[[ICC Awards]]''' to recognize and honor the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months. The inaugural ICC Awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-06-29|title=World's best players and teams to be honoured at cricket's 'Oscars'|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23129979/world-best-players-teams-honoured-cricket-oscars|access-date=2021-06-03|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, ICC announced a special one-off event, the '''[[ICC Awards of the Decade]]''' to honour the best performers and performances in the previous 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Awards of the Decade announced|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1908769|access-date=2021-06-03|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Anti-corruption and security==
The ICC has also had to deal with drugs and [[Betting controversies in cricket|bribery scandals]] involving top cricketers. Following the corruption scandals by cricketers connected with the legal and illegal [[bookmaking]] markets, the ICC set up an Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU) in 2000 under the retired [[Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis|Commissioner]] of London's [[Metropolitan Police]], [[Paul Condon, Baron Condon|Lord Condon]]. Among the corruption on which they have reported was that of former [[South African national cricket captains|South African captain]] [[Hansie Cronje]] who had accepted substantial sums of money from an Indian bookmaker for under-performing or ensuring that certain matches had a pre-determined result. Similarly, the former [[Indian national cricket captains|Indian captain]] [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] and [[Ajay Jadeja]] were investigated, found guilty of match-fixing, and banned from playing cricket (for life and for five years, respectively). The ACSU continues to monitor and investigate any reports of corruption in cricket and protocols have been introduced, which for example prohibit the use of [[mobile telephone]]s in [[Changeroom|dressing room]]s.

Prior to the 2007 [[Cricket World Cup]] ICC chief executive [[Malcolm Speed]] warned against any corruption and said that the ICC would be vigilant and intolerant against it.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jamaica-star.com/thestar/20070213/sports/sports3.html |work=The Jamaica Star |title=Speed warns against corruption during World Cup |date=13 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201121545/http://www.jamaica-star.com/thestar/20070213/sports/sports3.html |archive-date=1 February 2009 }}</ref>

Following a [[Pakistan cricket spot-fixing scandal|scandal that occurred]] during the 2010 Pakistan tour of England, 3 Pakistani players, [[Mohammad Amir]], [[Mohammad Asif (cricketer)|Mohammad Asif]] and [[Salman Butt]] were found to be guilty of spot-fixing, and were banned for 5 years, 7 years and 10 years respectively. On 3 November 2011, jail terms were handed down of 30 months for Butt, one year for Asif, six months for Amir and two years eight months for Majeed, the sports agent that facilitated the bribes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan cricketers and agent jailed for betting scam|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15573463|access-date=3 November 2011|newspaper=BBC News |date=3 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/03/pakistan-spot-fixing-jail-terms|title=Pakistan spot-fixing players and agent sentenced to lengthy jail terms|date=3 November 2011|work=The Guardian |location=UK|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/pakistan/8863611/Pakistan-spot-fixing-scandal-convictions-of-Salman-Butt-Mohammad-Asif-and-Mohammad-Amir-just-one-step-on-a-long-road.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/pakistan/8863611/Pakistan-spot-fixing-scandal-convictions-of-Salman-Butt-Mohammad-Asif-and-Mohammad-Amir-just-one-step-on-a-long-road.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Pakistan spot-fixing scandal: convictions of Salman Butt, Mohammad Asif and Mohammad Amir just one step on a long road |date=3 November 2011|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK|access-date=3 November 2011|last1=Kelso |first1=Paul }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/cricketers-jailed-for-matchfixing-6256508.html|title=Cricketers jailed for match-fixing |date=3 November 2011|work=The Independent |location=UK|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>

In 2019, an investigation by [[Al Jazeera|Aljazeera]] revealed match-fixing in Sri-Lanka, India, England, Australia and other cricket playing nations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket match-fixers suspended amid calls for police probe|url=https://www.ajiunit.com/article/match-fixer-suspended/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=Al Jazeera Investigative Unit|language=en-US}}</ref> The ICC launched an investigation corcerning the report.

==Global Cricket Academy==
{{main|ICC Global Cricket Academy}}

The [[ICC Global Cricket Academy]] (GCA) is located at [[Dubai Sports City]] in the [[United Arab Emirates]]. The GCA's facilities include two ovals, each with 10 turf pitches, outdoor turf and synthetic practice facilities, indoor practice facilities including hawk eye technology and a cricket-specific gymnasium. [[Rod Marsh]] has been appointed as the academy's Director of Coaching. The opening, originally planned for 2008, took place in 2010.

==ICC Cricket World Program==
{{main|ICC Cricket World Program}}
The International Cricket Council telecasts a weekly program on television called ICC Cricket World. It is produced by Sportsbrand.

It is a weekly 30-minute program providing the latest cricket news, recent cricket action including all Test and One-Day International matches, as well as off-field features and interviews.

==Criticism==
In 2015, Sam Collins and [[Jarrod Kimber]] made the documentary ''[[Death of a Gentleman]]'' on the internal organisation of the ICC, saying that the richer member countries were running the organisation to the detriment of the other members.<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller |first=Andrew |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/story/975353.html|title=Cricket documentary ''Death of a Gentleman'' scoops prestigious Sports Journalists Association award|date=22 February 2016|work=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]|access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Association of Cricket Officials]]
* [[Federation of International Cricketers' Associations]]
* [[International structure of cricket]]
* [[List of International Cricket Council presidents]] (Position dissolved since 2014)

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{Official|https://www.icc-cricket.com/}}

{{International cricket}}
{{International Sports Federations}}

[[Category:International Cricket Council| ]]
[[Category:Cricket administration|*]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Dubai]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1909]]
[[Category:Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations]]

Calcutta Cricket and Football Club

2023-10-11T10:51:11Z

BrockKemp6350: /* Early years (1792–1950s) */Addition

{{Short description|Indian multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Calcutta Cricket & Football Club
| image = Calcutta_FCC.jpeg
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Calcutta Cricket and Football Club
| short name = CCFC, CC&FC
| founded = {{ubl|{{Start date and age|df=yes|1792}} {{small|(as ''Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers'')}}|{{Start date and age|df=yes|1872}} {{small|(as ''Calcutta Football Club'')}}{{#tag:ref|The date refers to the foundation of the Calcutta Football Club in 1872|group=note|}}|{{Start date and age|df=yes|1965}} {{small|(as ''Calcutta Cricket & Football Club'')}}{{#tag:ref|The date refers to the original Calcutta Cricket Club established in 1792, before merging to the Calcutta F.C. (1872–1965) in 1965 to form the current club.|group=note|name=merge}}}}
| nickname =
| ground = CC&FC Ground, [[Ballygunge]] [[Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]]
| capacity = 22,000
| chairman = Subrata Das
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Jamshid Nassiri]]
| league = [[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta Premier Division]]
| season = [[2023 Calcutta Premier Division|2023]]
| current =
| pattern_la1 = _whiteborder
| pattern_b1 = _black_lowleft_highright
| pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 = _whitetop
| leftarm1 = FF0000
| body1 = FF0000
| rightarm1 = FF0000
| shorts1 = 000000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 = _redborder
| pattern_b2 = _redcollar
| pattern_ra2 = _redborder
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 = FFFFFF
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
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| website = https://ccfc1792.com/
}}

'''Calcutta Cricket & Football Club''' (incorporated as '''Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers'''), popularly known by its abbreviations '''CC&FC''' or '''CCFC''', is an Indian [[multi-sports club]] based in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]. Founded in 1792 as a [[cricket]] institution,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prohor.in/india-s-first-cricket-club-is-situatied-in-kolkata|title=২৩০ বছর পেরিয়ে, কেমন আছে 'ক্যালকাটা ক্রিকেট ক্লাব'?|trans-title=India's first Cricket club is situated in Kolkata|website=prohor.in|publisher=Prohor|first=Aritra|last=Some|date=12 October 2020|access-date=10 March 2021|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031155229/https://www.prohor.in/india-s-first-cricket-club-is-situatied-in-kolkata|archive-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> the [[association football|football]] and [[rugby union|rugby]] sections were added when it merged with '''Calcutta Football Club''' ([[Oldest football clubs|oldest football club]] in [[Asia]], founded in 1872) in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianlink.com.au/travel/the-city-of-wonders/# |date=2010 |first1=Sandip |last1=Hor |website=indianlink.com.au |title=Indian Link — The City of Wonders |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404061736/http://www.indianlink.com.au/travel/the-city-of-wonders/# |archive-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Rugby section of the club made CC&FC the oldest rugby institution founded outside the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]].<ref name="history"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Rugby's great split: class, culture and the origins of rugby league football|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Rugby_s_Great_Split.html?id=dr6FLNcLsgIC|author=Tony Collins|pages=|chapter=Schism 1893–1895|edition=2nd|publisher=Routlage|year=2006|isbn=0-415-39616-6|archive-date=3 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503170700/https://books.google.com/books/about/Rugby_s_Great_Split.html?id=dr6FLNcLsgIC}}</ref> Club's football section competes in the premier division of [[Calcutta Football League]], fourth tier of the [[Indian football league system]].<ref name="IFA 2023"/> CC&FC is headquartered in [[Ballygunge]], on 19/1 [[Gurusaday Dutt Road]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/deepankar-nandi-on-leading-ccfc-from-the-front/cid/1837791|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|title=Deepankar Nandi on leading CC&FC from the front|first=Saionee|last=Chakraborty|date=8 November 2021|access-date=28 August 2022|archive-date=10 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610143637/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/deepankar-nandi-on-leading-ccfc-from-the-front/cid/1837791|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/calcutta-fc/62349/|title=India — Calcutta Cricket and Football Club — Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos.|website=int.soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=9 July 2023|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709140043/https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/calcutta-fc/62349/}}</ref>

==History==
===Early years (1792–1950s)===
[[File:Calcutta cfc logo.png|thumb|Shield of CC&FC]]
The history of CC&FC dates back to 1792, when the club was established by the name of '''Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers''', predominantly as a [[cricket]] institution in the [[Company rule in India|East India Company rule in India]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBf5MgEACAAJ|title=Seventeen Ninety Two: A History of the Calcutta Cricket & Football Club|first=Sujoy|last=Gupta|location=Kolkata|publisher=Calcutta Cricket & Football Club|date=1 January 2002|pages=180|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815181808/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Seventeen_Ninety_Two.html?id=JBf5MgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|archive-date=15 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icetoday.net/2018/07/kick-score-scream-the-history-of-football-in-dhaka/|title=Kick, Score, Scream! The History of Football in Dhaka|first=Dhrubo|last=Alam|location=Dhaka|date=16 July 2018|publisher=Ice Today|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101015051/http://icetoday.net/2018/07/kick-score-scream-the-history-of-football-in-dhaka/}}</ref><ref name="HISTORY">{{Cite web|title=BCCI: Cricket in India — History|url=https://www.bcci.tv/about#:~:text=The%20establishment%20of%20the%20Calcutta,after%20the%20MCC%20(1787).|website=bcci.tv|publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]|access-date=19 October 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815080651/https://www.bcci.tv/about}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-the-pioneers/|title=Legends Of Indian Football: The Pioneers|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|date=24 April 2012|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053626/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-the-pioneers/|archive-date=26 October 2017}}</ref> It was founded as one of the earliest known European gentlemen's clubs in [[Calcutta]], then capital of [[British India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm|title=OUR SPORTSMEN|website=123india.com|access-date=27 September 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210527/http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Football in Bengali culture and society: a study in the social history of football in Bengal 1911–1980 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 |publisher=University of Calcutta |website=[[Shodhganga]] |page=35 |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Kausik |date=2008 |hdl=10603/174532 |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174156/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Boria |author-link=Boria Majumdar |title=Eleven Gods and a Billion Indians: The On and Off the Field Story of Cricket in India and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Simon & Schuster India |location=Noida |isbn=9789386797186}}</ref> While incepted in 1872, Calcutta FC introduced rugby in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mahaneebas.wordpress.com/2013/07/07/230/|title=আমাদের ফুটবলের বেলা অবেলা কালবে‍লা|trans-title=Days and moments of our football|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh|date=7 July 2013|first=Mahabubul|last=Hassan Niru|access-date=3 November 2022|language=bn|website=mahaneebas.wordpress.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406201501/http://mahaneebas.wordpress.com/2013/07/07/230/|archive-date=6 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/behind-the-lines/2020/may/16/future-hope-rugby-club-kolkata-street-children|title=The rugby club in Kolkata that has given hope to 3,500 street children|website=thegurdian.com|publisher=The Guardian|location=London|date=16 May 2020|access-date=5 October 2023|first1=Jonathan|last1=Drennan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806015854/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/behind-the-lines/2020/may/16/future-hope-rugby-club-kolkata-street-children|archive-date=6 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Majumdar, Boria |first=Bandyopadhyay, Kausik |date=1 February 2006 |title=Goalless: The Story of a Unique Footballing Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i55oAAAACAAJ |location=[[New Delhi]] |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin India]] |isbn=9780670058747 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408140616/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Goalless_the_Story_of_a_Unique_Footballi.html?id=i55oAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |archive-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><ref>Bath, Richard (ed.) ''The Complete Book of Rugby''. Seven Oaks Ltd. 1997. {{ISBN|1-86200-013-1}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20231006181915/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Book_of_Rugby.html?id=hIuhtgAACAAJ archived 6 October 2023]).</ref> Recent evidence in the form of an article published in the ''[[Hicky's Bengal Gazette]]'', suggests the club (described as '''"Gentlemen of Calcutta Cricket Club"''') existed in 1780<ref name="WOT">{{cite web|url=http://wotweb.com/wot-article/ccfc-%E2%88%92-225-still-counting/|title=CCFC − 225 AND STILL COUNTING|first=Reshmi|last=Bose|website=wotweb.com|publisher=Window On Travel|location=Kolkata|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165806/http://wotweb.com/wot-article/ccfc-%E2%88%92-225-still-counting/|archive-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> – that would make it the oldest cricket club in the world.{{#tag:ref|As per the ''Bengal Gazette'', 16 December 1780; Hobbes, John Barley Corn Bahadur, 436–7. The Bengal Gazette entry indicates the world's first cricket club was started in Bengal, the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] of [[London]], being founded in 1787.|group=note|}}<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360600802562 | doi=10.1080/09523360600802562 | title=Cricket in colonial Bengal (1880–1947): A lost history of nationalism | journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport | year=2006 | volume=23 | issue=6 | pages=960–990 | s2cid=216152701 | author=Majumdar, B. | access-date=10 June 2023 | archive-date=1 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301103901/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360600802562 | url-status=live }}</ref> By 1825, Calcutta Cricket Club established themselves as one of the formidable sides in [[Bengal Presidency]], alongside [[British Army]]-operated cricket teams in India.<ref name="Ajanta">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/worlds-oldest-sports-club-to-go-to-ballot-box-for-the-first-time-in-221-years/articleshow/21470639.cms|title=World's oldest sports club to go to ballot box for the first time in 221 years|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 July 2013|access-date=26 March 2022|first=Ajanta|last=Chakraborty|agency=TNN|location=Kolkata|archive-date=2 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802035820/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-30/kolkata/40894555_1_221-years-member-managing-committee}}</ref> They later contributed in introducing and developing [[association football]]; [[Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari]] (founding father of football in India) taught the game to his classmates of prestigious [[Hare School]] compound in 1877, after observing British soldiers playing the game in Calcutta FC ground.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History in Timeline of Indian Football — Calcutta FC the first club to be established in 1872|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308124507/http://www.the-aiff.com/history|archive-date=8 March 2020|location=New Delhi|access-date=2021-02-15|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659|title=The Golden Years of Indian Football|website=chaseyoursport.com|publisher=Chase Your Sport|location=Kolkata|first=Rounak|last=Majumdar|date=22 April 2019|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230046/https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|title=How football kicked off in India {{!}} As with the English language, when the British transported the sport to India, they didn't expect the 'natives' to beat them at it|website=lifestyle.livemint.com|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint Delhi]]|date=8 June 2018|access-date=27 January 2022|first=Manu S|last=Pillai|location=Delhi, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714153151/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|archive-date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/featured/nagendra-prasad-the-father-indian-football-removed-prejudice-indian-sports/|title=Nagendra Prasad — The father of Indian football who removed prejudice from the sport|website=thebridge.in|publisher=The Bridge|date=25 January 2020|access-date=24 October 2022|first=Sarah|last=Waris|location=Kolkata|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024082132/https://thebridge.in/amp/featured/nagendra-prasad-the-father-indian-football-removed-prejudice-indian-sports/}}</ref>

[[File:View of Eden Gardens Calcutta by Samuel Bourne 1865.jpg|thumb|The Eden Gardens in Calcutta, home of cricket in India.]]
When tournaments began and organized by the [[Indian Football Association]] (IFA), CC&FC enjoyed rivalries with another all-European team [[Dalhousie AC]], and fully indigenous side [[Mohun Bagan AC]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Anita |title=MOHUN BAGAN VILLA – GONE, BUT NOT FORGOTTEN |url=https://breathingroots.co.in/2020/10/10/mohun-bagan-villa-gone-but-not-forgotten/ |website=Breathing Roots |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003050014/https://breathingroots.co.in/2020/10/10/mohun-bagan-villa-gone-but-not-forgotten/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somnath |title=History Of Mohun Bagan (Part 1): The Success That Changed Indian Football |url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/history-of-mohun-bagan-chapter-1-the-origin-and-the-success-that-changed-indian-football/ |website=The Hard Tackle |date=2 May 2010 |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025110131/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/history-of-mohun-bagan-chapter-1-the-origin-and-the-success-that-changed-indian-football/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/a-121-year-old-burnt-down-football-club-and-the-legacy-the-flames-couldnt-touch/cid/1692972|title=A burnt-down football club and a 121-year-old legacy the flames couldn't touch|first=Manasi|last=Shah|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph India]]|location=Kolkata|date=19 June 2022|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026135252/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/a-121-year-old-burnt-down-football-club-and-the-legacy-the-flames-couldnt-touch/cid/1692972}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://puronokolkata.com/2015/03/08/dalhousie-institute-hare-street-calcutta-1865/|title=Dalhousie Institute, Hare Street, Calcutta, 1865|location=Kolkata|date=8 March 2015|author=Ajantrik|access-date=3 November 2022|website=puronokolkata.com|publisher=Purono Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124175949/https://puronokolkata.com/2015/03/08/dalhousie-institute-hare-street-calcutta-1865/|archive-date=24 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goaldentimes.org/eastern-railway-ran-full-steam-1958/ |title=WHEN EASTERN RAILWAY RAN ON FULL STEAM (1958) |website=www.goaldentimes.org |publisher=Goalden Times |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Debojyoti |date=29 August 2017 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111162448/http://www.goaldentimes.org/eastern-railway-ran-full-steam-1958/ |archive-date=11 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bongodorshon.com/home/story_detail/story-of-legendary-football-coach-dukkhiram|first=Chandak|last=Guha|website=bongodorshon.com|publisher=Bongodorshon Information Desk|language=bn|trans-title=The Englishmen too feared Bengal's legendary first football coach|title=ইংরেজরাও ভয় পেত বাংলার প্রথম কিংবদন্তি ফুটবল কোচকে|location=Kolkata|agency=|date=5 September 2019|access-date=24 October 2022|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908122903/https://www.bongodorshon.com/home/story_detail/story-of-legendary-football-coach-dukkhiram}}</ref> The club soon emerged as one of the prestigious private members' club in Asia; By January 1873, nearly 137 members had enrolled, while European womens were granted membership in the first half of the 19th century.<ref name="history"/> The primary sport Rugby, later suffered because of the departure of British regiments.<ref name="history"/> Bicycle Polo division (now known as Cycle Polo) was formed in 1901–02, and being played since then in CC&FC.<ref name="history"/> the club primarily used eastern end of the [[Eden Gardens]] from 1860s until shifting their base to Ballygunge in 1950s.<ref name="Ajanta"/>

===Later years (1950s–present)===
[[File:CCFC In Gate.jpg|thumb|Front view of the CC&FC building in Ballygunge]]
After acquiring the "Calcutta Football Club" (1872–77; 1884–1965) in 1965, the institution completed all the absorptions to introduce themselves under the name of '''Calcutta Cricket and Football Club''' (CC&FC).<ref name="Ajanta"/> Sports still being practised at the club include: cricket, football, [[field hockey]], rugby, [[cycle polo]], swimming, [[tennis]], and bridge.<ref name="CCFC history"/> The football team competed in both the Premier Division A and B of [[Calcutta Football League]]. The club's cricket and football teams usually participated in their respective divisions as "Calcutta Cricket Club" for cricket and "Calcutta Football Club" for football.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/clubs/|title=IFAWB Clubs: Men's Division (Calcutta Football League)|website=ifawb.org|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|access-date=25 October 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009123425/https://ifawb.org/clubs/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/1stdivpoint.php|title=First Division|work=Cricket Association of Bengal|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118235149/https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/1stdivpoint.php}}</ref> Their hockey and rugby teams participate under the combined name of "Calcutta Cricket and Football Club".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/schedule-1|title=Schedule|work=Hockey Bengal|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024100541/https://www.hockeybengal.org/schedule-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarugby.com/Home/Clubs|title=Clubs|work=Rugby India|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=18 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118123857/https://indiarugby.com/Home/Clubs}}</ref>

CC&FC has been hosting various tournaments, including Merchants' Cup (a corporate open tournament) since 1970s for both football and cricket.<ref name="ESPN">{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/29360715/sport-interrupted-228-years-kolkata-storied-ccfc-laid-low-lockdown?platform=amp|title=Sport, interrupted: After 228 years, Kolkata's storied CC&FC laid low by lockdown|date=3 July 2020|access-date=26 November 2022|website=ESPN.com|first=Susan|last=Ninan|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611061030/https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/29360715/sport-interrupted-228-years-kolkata-storied-ccfc-laid-low-lockdown?platform=amp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Rwitoban|last=Deb|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/airtel-win-big/cid/1061749|title=TT Merchants' Cup — Airtel win big|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|date=26 May 2006|access-date=7 January 2020|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611100444/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/airtel-win-big/cid/1061749|archive-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Rwitoban|last=Deb|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-football-feast-at-cc-amp-fc-kicks-off-to-a-great-start/cid/1420287|title=The football feast at the CC&FC kicks off to a great start|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|date=15 May 2016|access-date=7 January 2020|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611100148/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-football-feast-at-cc-amp-fc-kicks-off-to-a-great-start/cid/1420287|archive-date=11 June 2023}}</ref> Merchants' Cup in hockey hosted by the club until its discontinuation in 2005, while cricket tournaments at the club are being sponsored by [[Kolkata Knight Riders]].<ref name="ESPN"/> Other tournaments such as J. Thomas Cup in rugby, and Georgiadi 7s tournament are also hosted at the club ground.<ref name="President's corner"/> In November 2017, the club organized their 225th anniversary celebration, marking the 225 years of cricket in India, with presence of noted international cricketers like [[Sunil Gavaskar]], [[Saurav Ganguly]], [[MS Dhoni]], [[Yuvraj Singh]], [[VVS Laxman]], and [[Virat Kohli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/indian/galaxy-of-stars-to-take-part-in-charity-evening-of-ccfc/article19728362.ece|title=Galaxy of stars to take part in charity evening of CC&FC|date=21 September 2017|access-date=26 September 2023|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|location=Kolkata|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207100009/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/indian/galaxy-of-stars-to-take-part-in-charity-evening-of-ccfc/article19728362.ece|archive-date=7 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/cricket-amp-anecdotes/cid/1355708|title=Cricket & anecdotes|date=19 November 2017|access-date=27 September 2023|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927142016/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/cricket-amp-anecdotes/cid/1355708|archive-date=27 September 2023}}</ref> In June 2023, Indian Football Association made an official announcement of merger of the both Premier Division A and B of [[Calcutta Football League]] (CFL), ahead of 125th edition, and allowed CC&FC to compete in Group I.<ref name="IFA 2023">{{cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/19091-calcutta-football-league-cfl-goes-bigger-than-ever-for-its-historic-125th-season|title=Calcutta Football League (CFL) goes bigger than ever for its historic 125th season|website=thefangarage.com|publisher=The Fan Garage|location=Kolkata|date=5 June 2023|access-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606060715/https://thefangarage.com/articles/19091-calcutta-football-league-cfl-goes-bigger-than-ever-for-its-historic-125th-season|archive-date=6 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=TNN|date=31 May 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cfl-premier-div-a-b-to-be-merged/articleshow/100636021.cms?from=mdr|location=Kolkata|title=CFL Premier Div 'A' & 'B' to be merged|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531031053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cfl-premier-div-a-b-to-be-merged/articleshow/100636021.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Sanghamitra|last=Chakraborty|date=5 June 2023|url=https://tv9bangla.com/sports/football/have-a-look-on-2023-calcutta-football-league-premier-division-group-stage-830841.html|title=Calcutta Football League: মোহনবাগান-মহমেডানের গ্রুপে অভিষেকের ক্লাব, ইস্টবেঙ্গলের গ্রুপে ভবানীপুর|trans-title=Calcutta Football League: Debutant club in Mohun Bagan-Mohammedan group, Bhavanipur in East Bengal group|language=bn|work=TV9 Bangla|accessdate=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605154245/https://tv9bangla.com/sports/football/have-a-look-on-2023-calcutta-football-league-premier-division-group-stage-830841.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Koushik|last=Biswas|date=5 June 2023|url=https://eisamay.com/sports/football/news/mohun-bagan-is-in-comparatively-tough-group-in-calcutta-football-league/articleshow/100770942.cms|title=Calcutta Football League : বাজল কলকাতা ফুটবল লিগের ঘণ্টা, কঠিন গ্রুপে মোহনবাগান|trans-title=Calcutta Football League: Bell of Calcutta Football League rings, Mohun Bagan in tough group|language=bn|work=Ei Samay|accessdate=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605154719/https://eisamay.com/sports/football/news/mohun-bagan-is-in-comparatively-tough-group-in-calcutta-football-league/articleshow/100770942.cms}}</ref>

==Departments==
===Cricket===
{{Further|History of cricket in India to 1918}}
[[File:Ground of Calcutta Cricket Club, 15th Jan'y 1861 - Percy Carpenter.png|thumb|''Ground of the Calcutta Cricket Club, 15th Jan'y. 1861 H.M. 68th L.I. from Rangoon, versus the Calcutta Cricket Club'', a [[lithograph]] after a [[watercolour painting|watercolour]] by [[Percy Carpenter]], depicting a visit by the [[68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)]].]]

The club was founded as the "Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers" by [[United Kingdom|British]] [[expatriates]] who had come over with the [[British East India Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banglacricket.com/History/timeline.php|title=Timeline of Bangladesh Cricket|website=Bangladesh Cricket|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611152849/http://www.banglacricket.com/History/timeline.php|archive-date=11 June 2010|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Dass|first=Jarmani|title=Maharaja; lives and loves and intrigues of Indian princes: Volume 56 of Orient paperbacks|year=1969|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=342|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhVuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505092910/https://books.google.com/books?id=zhVuAAAAMAAJ&q=|archive-date=5 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carey |first1=W. H. |title=1882 – The Good Old Days of Honourable John Company |date=1882 |publisher=Argus Press |location=Simla |url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/texts/empire/good/1882good.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225934/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/texts/empire/good/1882good.html }}</ref> Have been in existence since 1792,<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=https://ccfc1792.com/history.php|title=History of the club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528205453/http://www.ccfc1792.com/history.php|archive-date=28 May 2017|access-date=27 January 2015|website=ccfc1792.com|publisher=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152361.html|title=Cricket — Some dates|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710060251/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152361.html|archive-date=10 July 2017 }} in [[Cricket in India|Indian cricket]] history, [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden 1967]] on ESPN Crickinfo.</ref> it is the second oldest cricket club in the world after [[Marylebone Cricket Club]].<ref name="HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzztribe.news/the-oldest-cricket-clubs-in-the-world/|title=The oldest Cricket Clubs in the world {{!}} The pride of sport and the spirit are still alive|date=5 August 2022|access-date=19 October 2022|website=buzztribe.news|publisher=Buzztribe News|first=Nirtika|last=Pandita|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019123309/https://www.buzztribe.news/the-oldest-cricket-clubs-in-the-world/|archive-date=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Altham |first=H. S. |author-link=Harry Altham |title=A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914) |year=1962 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin |location=London |asin=B0014QE7HQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Birley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Birley |title=A Social History of English Cricket |year=1999 |publisher=Aurum Press Ltd |location=London |isbn=978-18-54107-10-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Rowland |author-link=Rowland Bowen |title=Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development |year=1970 |publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode |location=London |isbn=978-04-13278-60-9}}</ref> On 23 February 1792, ''[[Madras Courier]]'' reported the schedule of a match between Calcutta Cricket Club and a team from [[Barrackpore]], and the news was later highlighted by Irwin Rosenwater on ''[[The Times|The London Times]]''.<ref name="Anandabazar">{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/e_kolkata/2013/november/anache_kanache.html|title=আনাচে–কানাচে: ময়দান ও ক্লাব {{!}} ক্যালকাটা ক্রিকেট অ্যান্ড ফুটবল ক্লাব (সিসিএফসি)|first1=Joydeep|last1=Banerjee|first2=Rajat|last2=Karmakar|website=archives.anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn|trans-title=Maidan & Club: Calcutta Cricket and Football Club (CCFC)|location=Kolkata|agency=|date=21 November 2013|access-date=19 October 2022|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206190523/http://archives.anandabazar.com/e_kolkata/2013/november/anache_kanache.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|title=Chronology of Important Sports Events — West Bengal|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal (Department of youth services and sports)|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013092944/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|archive-date=13 October 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref>

During its earliest years of existence, the Calcutta Cricket Club played its home games near river Hooghly but it was not until 1841, when the institution got land to establish its home match venue.<ref name="Anandabazar"/> On 19 April 1864, CC&FC was granted permission to build a pavilion at eastern end of the Eden Gardens.<ref name="Anandabazar"/> There, a large pavilion of 125 feet by 25 feet was built out of [[Teak|Burma teak]], modelled after [[Lord's|pavilions of the Lord's Cricket Ground]].<ref name="Anandabazar"/> In 1889–90, the club came into limelight when Marylebone Cricket Club came to play in Calcutta by responding to the club's invitation, which was the first visit of a foreign team to play cricket in India.<ref name="Anandabazar"/> In [[G. F. Vernon's cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1889–90|1889–90 cricket season]], another English team named "G. F. Vernon's XI", managed by [[George Vernon (cricketer)|George Vernon]] and captained by [[Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke|Martin Hawke]], toured to Ceylon and India; played against Calcutta Cricket Club at the [[Eden Gardens]] on 23 December,<ref name="CAVCI">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/8/GF_Vernons_XI_in_Ceylon_and_India_1889-90.html |title=Tour Itinerary: G. F. Vernon's XI, 1889–90 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=14 October 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031151858/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/8/GF_Vernons_XI_in_Ceylon_and_India_1889-90.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1890/42/index.html|title=Cricket in India: From the ''Pioneer Mail''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907114402/https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1890/42/index.html|archive-date=7 September 2022 }} ''archive.acscricket.com'', issue 232. 27 March 1890. p. 36.</ref> under the "[[Laws of Cricket]]" (prevailed in England at the time, including the compulsory [[follow-on]] and the recently introduced [[over (cricket)|5-ball over]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1889/52/index.html|title=Pavilion Gossip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904020840/https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1889/52/index.html|archive-date=4 September 2022|work=archive.acscricket.com (issue 202) 21 March 1889|page=42}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/33/33180/Miscellaneous_Matches.html |title=Miscellaneous Matches played by Thomas Tapling |website=cricketarchive.com |publisher=Cricket Archive |access-date=4 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904143725/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/33/33180/Miscellaneous_Matches.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/8/GF_Vernons_XI_in_Ceylon_and_India_1889-90.html |title=Tour Itinerary: G. F. Vernon's XI, 1889–90 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=14 October 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031151858/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/8/GF_Vernons_XI_in_Ceylon_and_India_1889-90.html }}</ref> In [[Lord Hawke's XI cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1892–93|1892–93 cricket season]], an English team led by [[Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke|Martin Hawke]], came to India and played against Calcutta Cricket Club.<ref name="Lord Hawke's Team">{{cite journal |title=Lord Hawke's Team in India |journal=Cricket |date=23 April 1893 |page=55 |url=https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1893/62/index.html |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621180208/https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1893/62/index.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coldham |first1=James P. |title=F. S. Jackson: A Cricketing Biography |date=1989 |publisher=Crowood Press |location=Ramsbury, Wiltshire |isbn=1-85223-147-5 |pages=66–77}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai, December 22–24, 1892, Lord Hawke's XI tour of Ceylon and India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/lord-hawke-s-xi-tour-of-ceylon-and-india-1892-93-286646/parsees-vs-lord-hawke-s-xi-453713/full-scorecard |website=Cricinfo |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723014347/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/lord-hawke-s-xi-tour-of-ceylon-and-india-1892-93-286646/parsees-vs-lord-hawke-s-xi-453713/full-scorecard }}</ref>

In 1926–27 season during winter, CC&FC played the key role in bringing Marylebone Cricket Club, which was their second tour to India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/cricket|title=Sports of West Bengal — Cricket|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709130840/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/cricket|archive-date=9 July 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155738.html | title = Arthur Gilligan (Obituary) | website = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack | year = 1977 | publisher = [[John Wisden & Co]] | location = London | access-date = 17 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140312174338/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155738.html | archive-date = 12 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/viewArticle.arc?articleId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1976-09-07-14-026&pageId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1976-09-07-14| title = Obituary: Mr Arthur Gilligan| newspaper = [[The Times]]| location = London| page = 14| date = 7 September 1976| access-date = 6 June 2012| url-access = subscription| archive-date = 6 October 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231006144540/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/cgi-bin/player_oracle_reveals_results2.cgi?playernumber=420&testing=0&opponentmatch=exact&playername=&resulttype=All&matchtype=All&teammatch=exact&startwicket=&homeawaytype=All&opponent=&endwicket=&wicketkeeper=&searchtype=InningsList&howout=All&endscore=&playermatch=contains&branding=cricketarchive&captain=&endseason=&startscore=&team=&startseason=| title = Player Oracle AER Gilligan| publisher = CricketArchive| access-date = 17 May 2012| archive-date = 5 March 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305232431/http://cricketarchive.com/cgi-bin/player_oracle_reveals_results2.cgi?playernumber=420&testing=0&opponentmatch=exact&playername=&resulttype=All&matchtype=All&teammatch=exact&startwicket=&homeawaytype=All&opponent=&endwicket=&wicketkeeper=&searchtype=InningsList&howout=All&endscore=&playermatch=contains&branding=cricketarchive&captain=&endseason=&startscore=&team=&startseason=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154719.html | title = Arthur Gilligan (Bowler of the Year) | website = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack | year = 1924 | publisher = [[John Wisden & Co]] | location = London | access-date = 17 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110102060004/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154719.html | archive-date = 2 January 2011 }}</ref> and MCC was then led by former England captain [[Arthur Gilligan|Arthur Edward Gilligan]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Bose |first = Mihir |title = The magic of Indian cricket : cricket and society in India |publisher = [[Routledge]] |year = 2006 |location= London |isbn = 978-0-415-35691-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Oborne|first= Peter|title= Basil D'Oliveira. Cricket and Conspiracy: The Untold Story|location= London|publisher= [[Little, Brown and Company]]|year= 2004|isbn= 978-0-316-72572-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Marshall |first = Michael |title = Gentlemen and Players: Conversations with Cricketers |publisher = [[Grafton Books]] |year = 1987 |location = London |isbn = 978-0-246-11874-5 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/gentlemenplayers0000unse }}</ref> On 15 August 1950, then club president T. C. Longfield handed over the ownership of Eden Gardens to then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy.<ref name="Anandabazar"/> In December 1962, the club made history, when its members announced and conducted a 5-match series between Calcutta Cricket Club and Merchants' XI, introducing "[[Limited overs cricket|limited over cricket format]]" (all were 20 overs).<ref name="Anandabazar"/> It was later merged with the Calcutta Football Club (incorporated in 1872,<ref>{{cite web|first=Somesh|last=Upadhyay|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/football-in-india-the-best-old-days|title=Indian Football : Ah! Those golden days...|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=Sportskeeda|date=22 December 2010|access-date=14 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714163447/https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/football-in-india-the-best-old-days|archive-date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History in Timeline of Indian Football|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308124507/http://www.the-aiff.com/history|archive-date=8 March 2020|access-date=2021-02-15|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]}}</ref> where both footballs — [[rugby union|rugby]] and [[association football|association]] were practised)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/a-121-year-old-burnt-down-football-club-and-the-legacy-the-flames-couldnt-touch/cid/1692972|title=A burnt-down football club and a 121-year-old legacy the flames couldn't touch|first=Manasi|last=Shah|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph India]]|location=Kolkata|date=19 June 2022|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026135252/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/a-121-year-old-burnt-down-football-club-and-the-legacy-the-flames-couldnt-touch/cid/1692972}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Arjun |last=Wadwha |url=http://www.thesportscampus.com/200805197/introduction-to-football/history-indian-football |title=History of Football in India |website=thesportscampus.com |publisher=TheSportsCampus |date=19 May 2008 |access-date=15 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825015957/http://www.thesportscampus.com/200805197/introduction-to-football/history-indian-football |archive-date=2012-08-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew Flint |date=2015-11-11 |title=A Tale of One City: Kolkata |url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2015/11/11/a-tale-of-one-city-kolkata/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=These Football Times |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183002/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2015/11/11/a-tale-of-one-city-kolkata/ }}</ref> and the Ballygunge Cricket Club over the years to become the "Calcutta Cricket and Football Club" in 1965.<ref name=history/> CC&FC is currently under the jurisdiction of [[Cricket Association of Bengal]] (CAB),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/first_division.php|title=The Cricket Association of Bengal: First Division Clubs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023021313/https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/first_division.php|archive-date=23 October 2020|publisher=Cricket Association of Bengal|access-date=2 July 2021|location=Kolkata|website=cricketassociationofbengal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/history.php|title=Early History of Bengal Cricket leading to the formation of the Cricket Association of Bengal in 1928|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102855/http://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/history.php|archive-date=23 December 2017|website=cricketassociationofbengal.com|publisher=The Cricket Association Of Bengal (CAB)|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> and competes in the CAB First Division League, J.C. Mukherjee T-20 Trophy, N.C. Chatterjee T-20 Trophy, and other regional tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/1stdivpoint.php|title=First Division|work=Cricket Association of Bengal|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118235149/https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/1stdivpoint.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/cricket/calcutta-cricket-and-football-club-in-a-spot/cid/1911491|title=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club in a spot|date=21 March 2023|access-date=19 February 2022|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321104831/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/cricket/calcutta-cricket-and-football-club-in-a-spot/cid/1911491|archive-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> Later in the 1970s, wooden pavilion of Calcutta was demolished, while the construction of the new club house (current headquarters of the CAB) began, which was named after [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]].<ref name="Anandabazar"/> Club's cricket section is currently headquartered in 19/1, Garcha 1st Lane, Ballygunge, Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/cricket.html|title=CALCUTTA — CRICKET CLUBS — Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB)|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427103907/https://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/cricket.html|website=calcuttayellowpages.com|publisher=Calcutta Yellow Pages Calcutta|access-date=31 January 2023}}</ref>

====Notable matches====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
|-
|'''Dates'''
|'''Match'''
|'''Venue'''
|'''Result'''
|'''Notes'''
|-
|-
| 23–25 December 1889
| Calcutta Cricket Club v G. F. Vernon's XI
| [[Eden Gardens]], Calcutta
| Vernon's XI won by 9 wickets
| {{#tag:ref|At the time, "first-class" was a term in common usage but it was not yet an official standard. It was formally defined in the May 1894 meeting at [[Lord's]] of [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) and the [[county cricket|county clubs]] which were then competing in the [[County Championship]]. The ruling was effective from the beginning of the [[1895 English cricket season|1895 season]]|group=note|name=First-Class}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/134/134867.html |title=Calcutta Cricket Club v G. F. Vernon's XI |work=CricketArchive |access-date=4 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904031119/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/134/134867.html }}</ref>
|-
| 5–6 January 1892
| Calcutta Cricket Club v Lord Hawke's XI
| CCC Ground, Calcutta
| Lord Hawke's XI won by an innings and 83 runs
| <ref name="Lord Hawke's Team"/>
|}

===Rugby union===
{{Further|Rugby union in India}}
[[File:Calcuttarugby.jpg|thumb|Scene of a rugby match at the CFC ground in Calcutta, {{circa|1875}} (from ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'').]]
[[File:Rugby_Trophy.jpg|thumb|Trophy of the All India Rugby Cup, at the CC&FC.]]
In the [[British Raj]], [[Rugby union]] was introduced and emerged as second most popular winter sport after [[association football]]. At the ground of CC&FC, first recorded match was played, on the [[Christmas day]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Bath|first=Richard|url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_Complete_Book_of_Rugby.html?id=hIuhtgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=The Complete Book of Rugby|publisher=Seven Oaks Limited|year=1997|isbn=1-86200-013-1|page=68|archive-date=5 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005101312/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_Complete_Book_of_Rugby.html?id=hIuhtgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.keithprowse.co.uk/news-and-blog/2019/03/11/the-story-of-the-calcutta-cup/ |title=The Story of the Calcutta Cup |last= |first= |date=11 March 2019 |website=keithprowse.co.uk |publisher=[[Keith Prowse]] |access-date=25 November 2022 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185508/https://www.keithprowse.co.uk/news-and-blog/2019/03/11/the-story-of-the-calcutta-cup/ }}</ref> which paved the way for growth of the [[Sport in the United Kingdom|British sport]] in India, and foundation of "Calcutta Rugby Football Club" in January the following year by expats, former students of [[Rugby School]] and soldiers of the [[Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)|Royal East Kent Regiment]] – which was stationed in the 1870s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Milne |first1=Alex |last2=Crump |first2=James |date=8 February 2020 |title=Why is England vs Scotland called the Calcutta Cup? Six Nations 2020 clash explained |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/england-vs-scotland-called-calcutta-21442904?_ga=2.203828563.2120174567.1669398916-215708948.1668575448 |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |access-date=25 November 2022 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185518/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/england-vs-scotland-called-calcutta-21442904?_ga=2.203828563.2120174567.1669398916-215708948.1668575448 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishrugby.org/fanzone/the-history-of-the-calcutta-cup |title=The History of the Calcutta Cup |last= |first= |website=scottishrugby.org |publisher=[[Scottish Rugby Union]] (SRU) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203115038/http://www.scottishrugby.org/fanzone/the-history-of-the-calcutta-cup |archive-date=3 February 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Calcutta-Cup/ |title=The Calcutta Cup |last=Johnson |first=Ben |date= |website=historic-uk.com |publisher= |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185508/https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Calcutta-Cup/ }}</ref> In 1874, Calcutta Football Club joined the [[Rugby Football Union]] (RFU).<ref name=Cal>{{cite web |url=https://www.keithprowse.co.uk/news-and-blog/2019/03/11/the-story-of-the-calcutta-cup/ |title=The Story of the Calcutta Cup |last= |first= |date=11 March 2019 |website=keithprowse.co.uk |publisher=[[Keith Prowse]] |access-date=25 November 2022 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185508/https://www.keithprowse.co.uk/news-and-blog/2019/03/11/the-story-of-the-calcutta-cup/ }}</ref><ref name=His>{{cite web |url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Calcutta-Cup/ |title=The Calcutta Cup |last=Johnson |first=Ben |date= |website=historic-uk.com |publisher= |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185508/https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Calcutta-Cup/ }}</ref><ref name=Eng>{{cite web |url=https://www.englandrugby.com/news/article/six-nations-history-of-the-calcutta-cup |title=History of the Calcutta Cup |last= |first= |date=3 February 2020 |website=englandrugby.com |publisher=[[Rugby Football Union]] (RFU) |access-date=25 November 2022 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185514/https://www.englandrugby.com/news/article/six-nations-history-of-the-calcutta-cup }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff Reporter|title=Rahul's rugby dreams|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160925/jsp/sports/story_110148.jsp#.V-pFNCh96hc|access-date=27 September 2016|agency=ABP|publisher=The Telegraph|date=25 September 2016|archive-date=30 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930015943/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160925/jsp/sports/story_110148.jsp#.V-pFNCh96hc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Calcutta+India/articles/46/Rugby+India+thriving+international+help |title=Rugby in India thriving with international help |website=zimbio.com |access-date=2009-01-28 |archive-date=2011-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221135059/http://www.zimbio.com/Calcutta+India/articles/46/Rugby+India+thriving+international+help }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Tony|year=2009|url=https://www.routledge.com/A-Social-History-of-English-Rugby-Union/Collins/p/book/9780415476607|title=A Social History of English Rugby Union|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-47660-7|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127093244/https://www.routledge.com/A-Social-History-of-English-Rugby-Union/Collins/p/book/9780415476607}}</ref> After departure of British troops, and recreational facilities became disbanded, club's rugby section was discontinued in 1878.<ref name="History UK">{{cite web|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Calcutta-Cup/|title=The birth of Calcutta Cup|website=history-uk.com|publisher=The History United Kingdom|location=London|access-date=26 August 2022|date=1 May 2016|first=Ben|last=Johnson|archive-date=24 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224201801/https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Calcutta-Cup/}}</ref> Members decided to keep the memory of the club alive by having the remaining [[Coins of British India|270 silver rupee coins]] in their [[bank vault]] melted down to be made into a trophy (the Calcutta Cup), which was then presented to the Rugby Football Union (described as "the best means of doing some lasting good for the cause of Rugby Football").<ref name="History UK"/> The sport came back at the CC&FC in 1884. In 1890, an inter-club tournament was incepted by the CC&FC, named ''Calcutta Rugby Union Challenge Cup'' (known simply as [[Calcutta Cup#Other Calcutta Cups|Calcutta Cup]]),<ref name="CCFC history">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccfc1792.com/heritage.asp|title=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928174641/http://www.ccfc1792.com/heritage.asp|archive-date=2007-09-28|website=ccfc1792.com|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> and its second division trophy was clinched by the club. Later in 2007, they emerged as runners-up in that tournament.<ref name="SCRUM">{{Cite web |url=http://www.scrum.com/39_46645.php |title=FUTURE HOPE HARLEQUINS RETAIN CALCUTTA CUP |first=Nick |last=Hyde |date=2007-08-06 |archive-date=2007-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023175710/http://www.scrum.com/39_46645.php |website=scrum.com |access-date=21 January 2015 }}</ref>

{{Cquote|''I regret to say the Calcutta Football Club has ceased to exist, it being now found quite impossible to get sufficient men together to play even a scratch game…This being the case I proposed at a Meeting of the few remaining Members of the Club held on Tuesday last the 18th inst. as the best means of doing some lasting good for the cause of Rugby Football & as a slight memento of the Calcutta Club, that the Funds remaining to the credit of the Club should be devoted to the purchase of a Challenge Cup & presented to the Rugby Union.''|source=G. A. James Rothney (captain, honorary secretary and treasurer of the Calcutta FC), highlighting this in his letter to the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of the [[Rugby Football Union]], H. I. Graham Esq (dated 20 December 1877), on club's disfunction in 1877.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldrugbymuseum.com/from-the-vaults/twickenham-stadium/in-1877-the-rfu-were-sent-a-letter|title=FROM THE VAULTS — IN 1877 THE RFU WERE SENT A LETTER…|date=6 March 2017|access-date=27 November 2020|website=worldrugbymuseum.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204151822/https://worldrugbymuseum.com/from-the-vaults/twickenham-stadium/in-1877-the-rfu-were-sent-a-letter|archive-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>|Cquote}}
[[File:Champions Army Red.jpg|thumb|250px|83rd All India and South Asia Rugby Tournament hosted at the CC&FC ground in 2016]]
The club is also a regular participant of prestigious [[All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament]], and hosted the championship on various occasions.<ref name="IndiaBlooms">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/10857/kolkata-s-cc-fc-to-host-top-rugby-championships-from-sept-21.html|title=Kolkata's CC&FC to host top Rugby Championships from Sept 21|publisher=India Blooms News Service|date=19 September 2019|access-date=26 November 2020|website=indiablooms.com|first=Manik|last=Banerjee|location=Kolkata|archive-date=5 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505060845/https://www.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/10857/kolkata-s-cc-fc-to-host-top-rugby-championships-from-sept-21.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rugbyasia247.com/all-india-south-asia-rugby-tournament-teams/|title=All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament: Teams|website=rugbyasia247.com|publisher=Rugby Asia 24/7|access-date=5 May 2023|date=19 September 2019|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043749/https://www.rugbyasia247.com/all-india-south-asia-rugby-tournament-teams/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.com/the-big-guns-boomed-at-ccfc-on-thursday-knocking-out-their-challengers-to-set-up-a-repeat-of-last-years-final-at-the-all-india-south-asia-rugby-championship-army-red-who-have-won-the-title-six-consecutive-times-crushed-jungle-crows-40-8-while-13-time-champion-bombay-gymkhana-humiliated-sergeants-institute-another-local-outfit-40-3-in-one-sided-semifinals-the-final-of-the-88-year-old-tournament-on-saturday-afternoon-presents-a-mouth-watering-clash-between-the-new-force-in-indian-rugby-and-the-dispossessed-kings-/articleshow/16387170.cms|title=The big guns boomed at CC&FC on Thursday, knocking out their challengers to set up a repeat of last year's final at the All India & South Asia Rugby Championship.|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 September 2012|first=Arup|last=Chatterjee|access-date=25 November 2015|location=Kolkata|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505053311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/the-big-guns-boomed-at-ccfc-on-thursday-knocking-out-their-challengers-to-set-up-a-repeat-of-last-years-final-at-the-all-india-south-asia-rugby-championship-army-red-who-have-won-the-title-six-consecutive-times-crushed-jungle-crows-40-8-while-13-time-champion-bombay-gymkhana-humiliated-sergeants-institute-another-local-outfit-40-3-in-one-sided-semifinals-the-final-of-the-88-year-old-tournament-on-saturday-afternoon-presents-a-mouth-watering-clash-between-the-new-force-in-indian-rugby-and-the-dispossessed-kings-/articleshow/16387170.cms|archive-date=5 May 2023}}</ref> Women's rugby team of CC&FC also participate in that tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scrumqueens.com/news/india-gets-its-first-taste-fifteens|title=India gets its first taste of fifteens|website=scrumqueens.com|publisher=Scrum Queen|date=2 September 2016|access-date=5 October 2023|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809085656/https://www.scrumqueens.com/news/india-gets-its-first-taste-fifteens}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha Women's Team Wins 1st All India Rugby 15s Tournament|url=http://incredibleorissa.com/odisha-women-team-wins-all-india-rugby-15s-tournament/|website=Incredible Orissa|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013093005/http://incredibleorissa.com/odisha-women-team-wins-all-india-rugby-15s-tournament/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Deb|first1=Rwitoban|title=Rugby — Men, women and a sport called rugby|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1161022/jsp/t2/story_114790.jsp#.WBGZk9QrJnI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027060140/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1161022/jsp/t2/story_114790.jsp#.WBGZk9QrJnI|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 27, 2016|access-date=27 October 2016|agency=ABP|issue=The Telegraph T2|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> The club also hosts Georgiadi Club Rugby Sevens tournament, in which CC&FC's men's and women's teams (known officially as CCFC Reds) compete.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rugbyasia247.com/georgiadi-club-rugby-sevens-2019/|title=Georgiadi Club Rugby Sevens 2019|website=rugbyasia247.com|publisher=Rugby Asia 24/7|access-date=5 May 2023|date=30 July 2019|archive-date=4 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204030333/https://www.rugbyasia247.com/georgiadi-club-rugby-sevens-2019/}}</ref><ref name="RD">{{cite web|url=https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2014/07/30/the-calcutta-version-of-calcutta-cup/|title=The Calcutta version of Calcutta Cup|first=Rangan|last=Dutta|access-date=5 May 2023|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016202025/https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2014/07/30/the-calcutta-version-of-calcutta-cup/}}</ref> In June 2013, CC&FC's affiliate club [[Hong Kong FC]]'s rugby team "HKFC Vandals" toured to Kolkata and played against CCFC Reds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hkfc.com/media/w5gag0ef/06_13_mag_web.pdf|website=hkfc.com|publisher=Hong Kong Football Club|title=Oh Calcutta!!! — vandals 2013 tour|date=2 June 2013|access-date=26 September 2016|archive-date=10 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610141837/https://www.hkfc.com/media/w5gag0ef/06_13_mag_web.pdf|pages=14–16}}</ref>

===Football===
[[File:CCFC Out Gate.jpg|thumb|CCFC main building in Ballygunge]]
Run by the British since its inception in 1872,<ref>{{cite web|date=2000|first=Hans|last=Schöggl|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiafound.html|title=India — List of Foundation Dates|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194819/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiafound.html|archive-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> '''Calcutta Football Club''' was once one of the leading football teams,<ref>{{cite web|title=FOOTBALL IN BENGAL|url=http://ifawb.com/archives.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306042849/http://www.ifawb.com/archives.php|archive-date=6 March 2016|access-date=14 January 2021|website=ifawb.com|publisher=The [[Indian Football Association]] (West Bengal)}}</ref> consisting European players, had a great rivalry specially with [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|title=How football kicked off in India {{!}} As with the English language, when the British transported the sport to India, they didn't expect the 'natives' to beat them at it|website=lifestyle.livemint.com|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint Delhi]]|date=8 June 2018|access-date=27 January 2022|first=Manu S|last=Pillai|location=Delhi, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714153151/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|archive-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> Calcutta Football Club stayed away from Trades Cup, the country's first open football tournament because members felt that their "enjoyment of the sport would be impaired if they join the competitive fray", it was instrumental in instituting the [[Indian Football Association]] (IFA) in Calcutta very much on London lines.<ref name="history"/> The team for the first time was defeated by Mohun Bagan in 1923 in the return leg of CFL, but managed to clinch both the league and [[IFA Shield]] titles in that season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan Ratna — Late Balaidas Chatterjee to receive the award posthumously|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mohun-bagan-ratna-late-balaidas-chatterjee-to-receive-the-award-posthumousl|website=www.mohunbaganac.com|publisher=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club|date=26 July 2013|access-date=28 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035503/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mohun-bagan-ratna-late-balaidas-chatterjee-to-receive-the-award-posthumousl|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mohunbagangorbo.com/mohun-bagan-ac/legends-corner/indian-players/umapati-kumar/|title=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club: Umapati Kumar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428162211/http://mohunbagangorbo.com/mohun-bagan-ac/legends-corner/indian-players/umapati-kumar/|archive-date=28 April 2016|access-date=26 January 2015|website=mohunbagangorbo.com|location=Kolkata}}</ref> Other rivals of the club were [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]], [[Aryan FC|Aryan]] and [[Dalhousie FC|Dalhousie]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659|title=The Golden Years of Indian Football|website=www.chaseyoursport.com|publisher=Chase Your Sport|location=Kolkata|first=Rounak|last=Majumdar|date=22 April 2019|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230046/https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1889-1909/ |title=History of Mohun Bagan – Presented by MohunBaganClub.com {{*}} The Beginning: 1889–1909 |website=mohunbaganclub.com |access-date=12 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505103851/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1889-1909/ |archive-date=5 May 2015 |location=Kolkata }}</ref>

Calcutta FC won the prestigious [[Calcutta Football League]] (CFL) eight times,<ref name=list>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/cfl.html|title=List of champions of the Calcutta Football League 1898–2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034341/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/cfl.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> and the [[IFA Shield]] nine times<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the IFA-Shield|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ifashield.html|access-date=10 March 2021|website=indianfootball.de|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130083403/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ifashield.html|date=1999|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url-status=dead}}</ref> before merging to the Calcutta Cricket Club. In 2022, they roped in noted Indian-Iranian footballer [[Jamshid Nassiri]] as new head coach.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insidesports.in/archives/4162|title=উত্তম, রিকির হ‍্যাটট্রিক, সিএফসির ৮ গোল, জিতল কালীঘাট, পাঠচক্র|date=14 August 2022|access-date=26 November 2022|location=Kolkata|website=insidesports.in|publisher=ইনসাইড স্পোর্টস|language=bn|trans-title=Hat-trick done by Uttam and Ricky, CCFC scored 8 goals, wins for both Kalighat and Pathachakra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128072846/https://insidesports.in/archives/4162|archive-date=28 January 2023}}</ref>

===Field hockey===
CC&FC's hockey team is known as ''CCFC Gremlins'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/post/fixtures-of-1st-division-group-b-2022|title=Calcutta Hockey League Competition — Fixtures of 1st Division Group B 2022|website=hockeybengal.org|publisher=The Hockey Bengal|date=23 March 2022|access-date=31 January 2023|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118125355/https://www.hockeybengal.org/post/fixtures-of-1st-division-group-b-2022|archive-date=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://9476a252-c6e6-45a1-9e56-d69f3bf4f39e.usrfiles.com/ugd/9476a2_788612ea4f5b4a18b7dbc55f5d86439e.pdf|title=Calcutta Hockey League Competition — Fixtures of 1st Division Group A 2022|website=hockeybengal.org|publisher=The Hockey Bengal|date=13 February 2022|access-date=31 January 2023|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024100550/https://9476a252-c6e6-45a1-9e56-d69f3bf4f39e.usrfiles.com/ugd/9476a2_788612ea4f5b4a18b7dbc55f5d86439e.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2022}}</ref> and is affiliated with the Bengal Hockey Association (often shortened to 'Hockey Bengal').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/editorial/essays/one-west-bengal-was-the-excellency-center-of-hockey-and-petrochemical-in-all-india/cid/1403525|title=আমরা হকিতেও ছিলাম, পেট্রোরসায়ন শিল্পেও ছিলাম — সবই এখন অতীত|trans-title=We were in hockey, we were in the petrochemical industry — all in the past|website=anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|first=Mohit|last=Roy|date=31 January 2023|access-date=1 February 2023|location=Kolkata|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201045709/https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/editorial/essays/one-west-bengal-was-the-excellency-center-of-hockey-and-petrochemical-in-all-india/cid/1403525|archive-date=1 February 2023}}</ref> Once consisting of Anglo-Indian players,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/how-the-anglo-indian-community-created-two-no-1-hockey-teams/articleshow/53690148.cms |title=How the Anglo-Indian community created two No 1 hockey teams |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] (Sunday Times)|agency=Times News Network |last=Alikhan |first=Anvar |date=14 August 2016 |access-date=8 November 2022 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108234015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/how-the-anglo-indian-community-created-two-no-1-hockey-teams/articleshow/53690148.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A most remarkable community: Anglo-Indian contributions to sport in India|publisher=[[Routledge]]|last=Mills|first=Megan S.|journal=Contemporary South Asia |doi=10.1080/09584930120083828|volume=10|date=2001|issue=2 |pages=223–236 |s2cid=145742265 |doi-access=free}} (Published online: "Routledge Contemporary South Asia"; 1 July 2010).</ref> the team is currently participating in [[Calcutta Hockey League]], and [[Beighton Cup]] (which is one of world's oldest field hockey tournaments).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/beighton-cup|title=Beighton Cup|website=hockeybengal.com|publisher=Hockey Bengal|access-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145704/https://www.hockeybengal.org/beighton-cup|archive-date=5 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/prestigious-beighton-cup-revived-after-three-years-will-be-held-from-december-11-18/ |title=Prestigious Beighton Cup Revived After Three Years, 124th Edition Will Be Held From December 11–18 |publisher=Hockey Passion |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145707/https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/prestigious-beighton-cup-revived-after-three-years-will-be-held-from-december-11-18/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/beighton.htm |title=Beighton Cup |publisher=Bharatiya Hockey |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612122617/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/patjansen/beighton.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/from-the-beighton-and-aga-khan-cup-to-the-hil-hockey-indias-evolution |title=From the Beighton and Aga Khan Cup to the HIL |publisher=Sportskeeda |last=Mandapaka |first=Ravi Teja |date=25 October 2012 |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105145707/https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/from-the-beighton-and-aga-khan-cup-to-the-hil-hockey-indias-evolution }}</ref>

===Tennis===
[[Tennis]] as a racket sport in India, introduced by the Britishers and is an important sport, still being practiced within CCFC since 1920s.<ref name="CCFC—Tennis">{{cite web|url=http://ccfc1792.com/tennis.php|title=HISTORY OF BALLYGUNGE CRICKET CLUB / CCFC — TENNIS SECTION|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404045719/http://ccfc1792.com/tennis.php|website=ccfc1792.com|publisher=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1lLAAAAYAAJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407175819/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Encyclopedia_of_Tennis.html?id=T1lLAAAAYAAJ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |title=The encyclopedia of tennis | author=Robertson, Max | author-link=India | year=1974 | publisher=[[Allen and Unwin]] | location=London | pages=392 | isbn=0-04-796042-6}}</ref> One of the earliest tennis grass courts were installed within club grounds in Ballygunge.<ref name="CCFC—Tennis"/> The club clinched Ballygunge Cricket Club Open Lawn Tennis Championship title in 1929.<ref name="CCFC—Tennis"/> Editions of Prestigious Bengal Lawn Tennis Championships (incorporated in 1887) were organized by the CCFC.<ref name="CCFC—Tennis"/>

'''List of tennis captains of CCFC'''<ref name="CCFC—Tennis"/>
*1974–1980: Debu Ghose
*1980–1984: Prakash Dayal
*1984–1989: Bikram Das
*1989–1990: Sumanta Bannerjee
*1990–1991: Prodosh Kumar Sen
*1991–1994: Rajat Dutta
*1994–1997: Azam Monem
*1997–1998: S. R. Dutt
*1998–1999: Jaggi Minotra
*1999–2000: Bikram Das
*2000: Ranjan Mukherjee
*2000–2003: Pradeep Guhathakurta
*2003–2004: Nandan Kumar Chaudhuri
*2004–2005: Babul Mitter
*2005–2006: Rajat Dutta
*2006–2008: Naresh Ojha
*2008–2009: Chittapriyo Bose
*2009–2011: Vivek Bhasin
*2011–2012: Sunny Uthup
*2012–2014: Shantanu Tewary
*2014–2015: Daniel Ghaznavi
*2015–2016: Rajeev Ghosh

===Others===
Other individual and team sports being played in CC&FC are including golf, bridge, cycle polo, volleyball, table tennis, swimming, badminton, and darts.<ref name="CCFC—Others">{{cite web|url=http://ccfc1792.com/others.php|title=CCFC 1792 — Others — Bridge|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404053227/http://ccfc1792.com/others.php|website=ccfc1792.com|publisher=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/ccfc-celebrates-225years-of-its-existence-with-glory-and-pride-162972|title=CCFC celebrates 225 years of its existence with glory and pride|first1=Shayani|last1=Mukherjee|date=26 September 2016|access-date=26 January 2023|website=millenniumpost.in|publisher=The Millennium Post India|location=Kolkata|archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009132249/https://www.millenniumpost.in/ccfc-celebrates-225years-of-its-existence-with-glory-and-pride-162972}}</ref> Their polo team participated in editions of Laxmibilas Cup in Kolkata,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/ccfc-win-big/cid/1227131|title=CCFC Win Big in Polo|location=Kolkata|date=31 May 2000|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928100533/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/ccfc-win-big/cid/1227131|archive-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> while volleyball team takes part in Elliot Shield State Volleyball Championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/sai-win-big-elliot-shield-state-volleyball-golf-meet/cid/1045616|title=SAI win big Elliot Shield State volleyball Golf meet|location=Kolkata|date=16 April 2004|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928102329/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/sai-win-big-elliot-shield-state-volleyball-golf-meet/cid/1045616|archive-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> The club also won 4th edition of Monsoon League [[Contract bridge|Bridge]] Tournament hosted by Tollygunge Club.<ref name="CCFC—Others"/> CC&FC also hosts and participate in Inter-club Darts Championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-28-07-2003/cid/1038665|title=IN THE CITY 28-07-2003 — Darts Meet|date=28 July 2003|access-date=26 January 2023|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927060314/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-28-07-2003/cid/1038665}}</ref>

==Home ground==
There was absence of permanent venue for CC&FC. In earlier days, they used grounds in [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]], parallel with grounds on the bank of river Hooghly, between [[Fort William, India|Fort William]] and Government House.<ref name=history/> In 1825, 'Sketch of the Maidan' was done by the club, and in 1841, they were allowed to enclose the ground. The club later used Auckland Circus Gardens.<ref name=history/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/travel/content/story/494282.html|title=The uncommon green {{!}} In the heart of Kolkata, the Maidan is a great level playing field|website=espncricinfo.com|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=27 December 2010|first=Shamik|last=Bag|location=Kolkata|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422073055/http://www.espncricinfo.com/travel/content/story/494282.html|access-date=23 October 2022}}</ref>

[[File:A cricket match in Calcutta.jpg|thumb|Cricket being played by Europeans, an undated photograph of Calcutta Cricket Club ground.]]
The club later played its home games at the Calcutta FC ground in [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Kolkata Maidan]], now known as Mohun Bagan Ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meghbangla.com/2020/07/mohunbagan/|title=মোহনবাগান এবং ভারতীয় ফুটবলের শুরুর কথা|trans-title=Mohun Bagan and the beginning of Indian football|website=meghbangla.com|publisher=Megh Bangla Internet Magazine|date=29 July 2020|access-date=24 October 2022|first=Goutamranjan|last=Basu|language=bn|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405175744/https://meghbangla.com/2020/07/mohunbagan/|archive-date=5 April 2022}}</ref> It was used as venue of the [[1954 Colombo Cup|1954]] edition of [[Colombo Cup|Quadrangular Series]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html#54|title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament (Colombo Cup) 1952–1955: 1954 (Calcutta, India)|first=Neil|last=Morrison|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=1999|access-date=17 August 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820110914/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html#54}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://footballnewsindia.in/2015/08/04/calcutta-football-league-officers-choice-blue-title-sponsor/|title=CALCUTTA FOOTBALL LEAGUE – OFFICER'S CHOICE BLUE TO BE THE TITLE SPONSOR|website=Football News India|date=4 August 2015|access-date=7 October 2022|archive-date=10 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010165728/http://footballnewsindia.in/2015/08/04/calcutta-football-league-officers-choice-blue-title-sponsor/}}</ref> The present CC&FC Ground is located in Ballygunge, and it serves as one of the venues for matches of prestigious [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/ranji-trophy-mizoram-lead-nagaland-75-runs-day-2|title=Ranji Trophy: Mizoram lead Nagaland by 75 runs on day 2|location=Dimapur|date=28 January 2020|website=morungexpress.com|publisher=Morung Express|access-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129182638/http://morungexpress.com/ranji-trophy-mizoram-lead-nagaland-75-runs-day-2|archive-date=29 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/ranji-trophy-mizoram-trailing-nagaland-by-235-runs/|title=Ranji Trophy: Mizoram Trailing Nagaland By 235 Runs|location=Dimapur|date=27 January 2020|website=easternmirrornagaland.com|publisher=Eastern Mirror News Nagaland|access-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928110727/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/ranji-trophy-mizoram-trailing-nagaland-by-235-runs/|archive-date=28 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/2/18/KOLKATA-Feb-17-Manipur-trailed-by-24-runs-to-Arunachal-Pradesh-at-the-end-of-Day-1-at-the-ongoing.amp.html|title=Ranji Trophy 2021–22: Manipur trail by 24 runs on Day 1|location=Kolkata|date=17 February 2020|website=thesangaiexpress.com|publisher=The Sangai Express|access-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928111134/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/2/18/KOLKATA-Feb-17-Manipur-trailed-by-24-runs-to-Arunachal-Pradesh-at-the-end-of-Day-1-at-the-ongoing.amp.html|archive-date=28 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-in-quest-of-all-rounders-8320395/|title=Ranji Trophy: In quest of all-rounders|first=Pratyush|last=Raj|location=Kolkata|date=13 December 2022|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418053830/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-in-quest-of-all-rounders-8320395/|archive-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

==Notable players and members==
[[File:Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, founded 15 August 1889, is an Indian sports club best known for its association football team, one of the oldest football clubs in Asia. 05.jpg|thumb|Main entrance to the CCFC club tent of football section (in left), beside the club tent of [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan Athletic Club]] in [[Kolkata Maidan]] area.]]
===Noted players===
'''Rugby'''
* {{flagicon|GBR}} {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Benjamin Burns]] – represented [[England national rugby union team|England]] in the [[1870–71 Home Nations rugby union matches|first international match]] against [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland]] in 1871.<ref name="Noted players">{{Cite web |title=THE CALCUTTA CUP: the legacy of a club that died |url=http://srustaging.realise.com/sites/default/files/editor/docs/the-calcutta-cup.pdf |publisher=Edinburgh Academical Football Club |date=20 February 2011 |access-date=25 March 2015 |website=srustaging.realise.com |location=London |archive-date=22 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922070100/http://srustaging.realise.com/sites/default/files/editor/docs/the-calcutta-cup.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnscrum.com/england/rugby/match/18901.html |title=Scotland v England at Edinburgh, March 27, 1871 |publisher=ESPNscrum |access-date=2011-02-20 |archive-date=21 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021185553/http://www.espnscrum.com/england/rugby/match/18901.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0007/index.shtml |title=The first international rugby match |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=2011-02-22 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132006/http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0007/index.shtml }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|GBR}} {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Stephen Finney]] – represented [[England national rugby union team|England]] from 1872 to 1873.<ref name="Noted players"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espnscrum.com/australia-tour-2010/rugby/player/280.html |title=Stephen Finney Profile |website=espnscrum.com |publisher=ESPN Scrum |access-date=15 March 2011 |archive-date=22 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022063407/http://www.espnscrum.com/australia-tour-2010/rugby/player/280.html }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|GBR}} {{flagicon|ENG}} G. A. James Rothney – served as captain of CC&FC rugby team, and both honorary secretory and treasurer of the club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.world.rugby/news/574207/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-calcutta-cup|title=Rugby history — Everything you need to know about the Calcutta Cup|date=6 July 2020|access-date=27 November 2022|website=world.rugby|publisher=[[World Rugby]]|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630135446/https://www.world.rugby/news/574207/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-calcutta-cup|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.englandrugby.com/news/article/six-nations-history-of-the-calcutta-cup|title=HISTORY OF THE CALCUTTA CUP — Ahead of England's Guinness Six Nations fixture against Scotland, look back at the origins of the Calcutta Cup|date=3 February 2020|access-date=27 November 2022|website=englandrugby.com|publisher=The England Rugby Association|location=London|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230628180623/https://www.englandrugby.com/news/article/six-nations-history-of-the-calcutta-cup|archive-date=28 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IRL}} G. St. Lager Fagan – represented [[Ireland national rugby union team|Ireland]] internationally, in late-nineteenth century.<ref name="Noted players"/>
* {{flagicon|SCO}} D. McKinnon – represented [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland]] internationally.<ref name="Noted players"/>
* {{flagicon|SCO}} G. C. Mclagan – represented [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland]] internationally.<ref name="Noted players"/>

===Noted members===
{{Cquote|''I have the most cherished memories of the Club from way back in 1978 when I became a young member... I would really want to map this Club on a Worldwide basis as some great Cricket establishments are not aware of CC&FC's grand and redoubtable legacy, by sheer weight of its long-established heritage and tradition the CC&FC’s existence for more than two and a quarter centuries speaks for itself...''|source=[[Arun Lal]] (former Indian international cricketer), on his CC&FC and his career.<ref name="WOT"/>|Cquote}}
A large number of notable athletes are associated with the club, including:
[[File:Arun Lal.jpg|thumb|170px|Lal at the CC&FC in September 2017, wearing the jersey of club's "celebrating 225 years".]]
* '''Football''': [[Chuni Goswami]],<ref>{{cite web|location=Kolkata|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-05-03-2014/cid/206986|title=IN THE CITY 05-03-2014 — Felicitation|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|date=5 March 2014|access-date=16 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005102235/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-05-03-2014/cid/206986|archive-date=5 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chuni Goswami: A legend in every sense of the word |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/chuni-goswami-legend-every-sense-indian-football.html |website=theweek.in |publisher=The Week |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126011337/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/chuni-goswami-legend-every-sense-indian-football.html |archive-date=26 November 2018 }}</ref> [[Subhas Bhowmick]], S. Bhattacharjee, Pradip Choudhury, P. Ganguly, Santo Mitra, [[Shyam Thapa]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-shyam-thapa/#:~:text=Born%20in%201948%20in%20Gulmi,club%20brought%20two%20young%20players.|title=Legends Of Indian Football : Shyam Thapa|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|date=30 January 2012|access-date=2 July 2022|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014163822/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-shyam-thapa/|archive-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> [[Kiyan Nassiri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kiyan ready to shoulder Nassiri burden|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/kiyan-ready-to-shoulder-nassiri-burden/articleshow/75261099.cms|date=21 April 2020|access-date=2021-02-11|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|location=Panaji, Goa|language=en|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814100509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/kiyan-ready-to-shoulder-nassiri-burden/articleshow/75261099.cms}}</ref>
* '''Hockey''': Keshav Chandra Datt, Gurbux Singh,<ref name="WOT"/> [[Vece Paes|Dr. Vece Paes]],<ref name="WOT"/> Anand Mandapaka.
* '''Cricket''': Punya B. Datta,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/12051.html|title=Punya Datta|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408073101/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/12051.html|archive-date=8 April 2016|work=ESPN Crickinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28107.html |title=Dilip Doshi profile |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724071635/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28107.html }}</ref> Ashok Gandotra<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28772.html |title=Ashok Gandotra profile |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=14 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814181907/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28772.html }}</ref> [[Devang Gandhi]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28770.html |title=Devang Gandhi profile |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730191819/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/28770.html }}</ref> [[Sourav Ganguly]], [[Dilip Doshi]],<ref name="WOT"/> [[Saba Karim]], [[Arun Lal]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26295.html |title=Arun Lal profile |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=20 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720093016/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26295.html }}</ref> [[Pranab Roy]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33187.html |title=Pranab Roy profile |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623213053/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33187.html }}</ref> Biswajit Bhowmick, [[Jhulan Goswami]].<ref name="President's corner">{{cite web|url=https://www.ccfc1792.com/president_corner|title=PRESIDENT'S CORNER — Mr. Deepankar Nandi|website=ccfc1792.com|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206103916/https://www.ccfc1792.com/president_corner|access-date=3 March 2023|date=10 October 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
* '''Tennis''': [[Chiradip Mukerjea]], Enrico Piperno,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enricotenniscentre.com/about.php |title=Enrico Piperno profile |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514200446/http://www.enricotenniscentre.com/about.php }}</ref> [[Leander Paes]].

==Notable presidents==
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Reginald Lagden|Reginald Bousfield Lagden]] ({{post-nominals|sep=,|OBE|MC}}) – British cricketer, hockey player, and sports administrator, also served as president of the [[Cricket Association of Bengal]], and was awarded the [[Military Cross]].<ref name="Presidents">{{cite web|url=https://www.ccfc1792.com/past-president|title=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club — Past Presidents|website=ccfc1792.com|access-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326155807/https://www.ccfc1792.com/past-president|archive-date=26 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mukherji|first=Raju|date=2015|title=Eden Gardens Legend & Romance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqPDBgAAQBAJ|location= |publisher=Brandnext|page=106|isbn=|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611065408/https://books.google.com/books?id=dqPDBgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Ali|last=Zaman|url=http://www.koi-hai.com/default.aspx?id=490678|title=Down memory lane: the Lagden Gate|work=Koi-Hai.com|access-date=11 September 2015|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051850/http://www.koi-hai.com/default.aspx?id=490678}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alec Hosie|Alexander Lindsay "Alec" Hosie]] – English first class cricketer, who represented teams including [[Marylebone Cricket Club]], [[Oxford University]], [[Hampshire County Cricket Club]] and Bengal.<ref name="Presidents"/>
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Longfield|Thomas Cuthbert Longfield]] – English first-class cricketer, captained [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] to their first [[Ranji Trophy]] win in [[1938–39 Ranji Trophy|1938–39]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Dutta|first=RP|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/half-century-hurrah-at-home-ted-dexter-and-wife-return-to-roots-for-50-year-marriage-celebrations/cid/1255642|title=Half-century hurrah at home – Ted Dexter and wife return to roots for 50-year marriage celebrations|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=30 December 2008|website=telegraphindia.com|access-date=25 October 2018|location=Kolkata|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827184604/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/half-century-hurrah-at-home-ted-dexter-and-wife-return-to-roots-for-50-year-marriage-celebrations/cid/1255642}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mukherji|first=R|date=2015|title=Eden Gardens Legend & Romance|pages=106–107|publisher=Kolkata Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqPDBgAAQBAJ&dq=thomas%20longfield%20calcutta%20cricket&pg=PA27|access-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609042808/https://books.google.com/books?id=dqPDBgAAQBAJ&dq=thomas%20longfield%20calcutta%20cricket&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q=thomas%20longfield%20calcutta%20cricket&f=false|archive-date=9 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Chakrabaty|first=S|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/kolkata-s-favourite-soninlaw-returns/1040049/|title=Kolkata's favourite son-in-law returns|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=4 December 2012|access-date=25 October 2018|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827022348/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/kolkata-s-favourite-soninlaw-returns/1040049/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mitra|first=A|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/a-death-in-london-the-distinct-flavour-of-calcutta-s-fading-colonial-phase/cid/386198?ref=search-page|title=A death in London – The distinct flavour of Calcutta's fading colonial phase|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=20 June 2011|access-date=25 October 2018|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025190239/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/a-death-in-london-the-distinct-flavour-of-calcutta-s-fading-colonial-phase/cid/386198?ref=search-page}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|British India}} [[Pearson Surita]] – [[Anglo-Indian]] corporate executive and cricket commentator of the [[All India Radio]] (AIR)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Ravi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=epi-DwAAQBAJ|title=Cricket Commentary & Commentators|date=2019-11-16|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64429-727-8|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609042931/https://books.google.com/books?id=epi-DwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Utpal|date=10 October 1995|title=Pearson's zest for life defied cliches|work=The Times of India|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/595342477|id={{ProQuest|595342477}}|url-access=subscription|via=ProQuest|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027165237/https://www.proquest.com/docview/595342477}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghose|first=Bhaskar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZdHQjeNLHgC|title=The Service of the State: The IAS Reconsidered|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-575-6|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609043024/https://books.google.com/books?id=JZdHQjeNLHgC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India's most legendary of figures|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketer/content/story/141740.html|access-date=2021-10-26|date=August 1994|website=espncricinfo.com|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609043106/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketer/content/story/141740.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-19|title=The magicians called radio commentators – E R Ramachandran' Blog|url=https://www.news18.com/blogs/india/e-r-ramachandran/the-magicians-called-radio-commentators-14040-746158.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=News18|archive-date=2021-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026075911/https://www.news18.com/blogs/india/e-r-ramachandran/the-magicians-called-radio-commentators-14040-746158.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhagat|first=Rasheeda|title=Nostalgia for cricket in an era gone by|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/nostalgia-for-cricket-in-an-era-gone-by/article28447598.ece|access-date=2021-10-26|website=thehindubusinessline.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026075911/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/nostalgia-for-cricket-in-an-era-gone-by/article28447598.ece}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} Dr. [[Vece Paes]] – Indian [[Field hockey|hockey]] midfielder, who won bronze medal at the [[1972 Munich Olympics]].<ref name="Presidents"/><ref name="Ajanta"/>
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Lal]] – [[India national cricket team|Indian international]] cricketer and sports commentator.<ref name="Presidents"/><ref name="WOT"/><ref>{{cite web|first=Saionee|last=Chakraborty|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/arun-the-prez/cid/1425070|title=Arun the prez {{!}} Arun Lal! Meet the new president of CC&FC|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|date=24 February 2017|access-date=7 January 2020|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611074003/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/arun-the-prez/cid/1425070|archive-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} Utpal Ganguly – Indian sports administrator, member of the CAB, who served as secretary of the [[Indian Football Association]].<ref name="Presidents"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/oc-took-me-to-meeting-says-dutta/cid/1063449|title=OC took me to meeting, says Dutta|date=22 July 2006|access-date=7 March 2023|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611081540/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/oc-took-me-to-meeting-says-dutta/cid/1063449}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-27-05-2009/cid/630542|title=SPORTS MEET IN THE CITY 27-05-2009|access-date=7 March 2023|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611082012/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-27-05-2009/cid/630542}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} Dinyar Mucadum – Indian businessman, member of the CAB, who served as CEO of [[The Bengal Club]].<ref name="Presidents"/>
* {{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Pranab Dasgupta – Indian doctor, member of the [[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists]], who served as president of The Bengal Club and [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]].<ref name="Presidents"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mani-group.com/blog/a-date-with-dr-pranab-dasgupta/|title=A DATE WITH DR PRANAB DASGUPTA|location=Kolkata|website=mani-group.com|publisher=MANI – change for good|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130111504/https://mani-group.com/blog/a-date-with-dr-pranab-dasgupta/|archive-date=30 January 2023}}</ref>

==Honours==
===Football===
====As Calcutta FC====
* '''[[Calcutta Football League]]'''/'''CFL Premier Division'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goaldentimes.org/eastern-railway-ran-full-steam-1958/ |title=WHEN EASTERN RAILWAY RAN ON FULL STEAM (1958) |website=www.goaldentimes.org |publisher=Goalden Times |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Debojyoti |date=29 August 2017 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111162448/http://www.goaldentimes.org/eastern-railway-ran-full-steam-1958/ |archive-date=11 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/calcutta-football-league-history-winners-list |title=Calcutta Football League: East Bengal kings of Asia's oldest league competition — full winners list |website=olympics.com |publisher=The Olympics Football |last1=Nag |first1=Utathya |date=19 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505071647/https://olympics.com/en/news/calcutta-football-league-history-winners-list |archive-date=5 May 2023 }}</ref>
**Champions (8): 1899, 1907, 1916, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1925
*'''[[IFA Shield]]'''{{#tag:ref|[[List of oldest football competitions|Fourth oldest football tournament]], organized by the [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] ([[West Bengal|W.B.]]), and played between the local clubs of [[West Bengal]] and other invited ones.|group=note|name=Honours}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somnath |title=The Glorious History Of IFA Shield |url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/the-glorious-history-of-ifa-shield/ |website=thehardtackle.com |publisher=The Hard Tackle |date=8 March 2011 |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181925/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2011/the-glorious-history-of-ifa-shield/ }}</ref>
**Champions (9): 1896, 1900, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1915, 1922, 1923, 1924<ref name=":0" />
**Runners-up (8): 1905, 1907, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1936
* '''[[Trades Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans|last=Schöggl|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-tradescup.html|title=India — List of Trades Cup Winners|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=2014|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927050302/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-tradescup.html|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2004traderscup.html|title="Khadims" Traders Cup 2004|website=indianfootball.de|date=2004|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222559/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2004traderscup.html|archive-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
**Champions (1): 2004
* '''Minto Fort Cup'''
**Runners-up (1): 1906<ref>{{cite web |title=Creation of History – 1910 to 1919 |url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/632-2/ |website=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505210601/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/632-2/ }}</ref>
*'''CFL First Division League'''
**Runners-up (1): 2020–21<ref name="President's corner"/>

===Hockey===
====''As Calcutta FC''====
* '''[[Beighton Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 1924<ref name="Hockey Bengal">{{cite web|title=BEIGHTON CUP WINNERS AND RUNNERS-UP (1895—2019)|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details|location=Kolkata|website=www.hockeybengal.org|publisher=Hockey Bengal|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423035958/https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details}}</ref>
**Runners-up (1): 1919<ref name="Hockey Bengal"/>

===Rugby===
[[File:Other Calcutta Cup Trophy.jpg|thumb|180px|The "Other Calcutta Cup" trophy at CC&FC building, won by the club in 2005.]]
* '''[[All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament]]'''<ref name="President's corner"/>
**Runners-up (1): 1932{{#tag:ref|In the final of All India Rugby Football Tournament on 22 October 1932, held in [[Chennai|Madras]], CCFC lost to [[Ceylonese Rugby & Football Club]].|group=note|name=Rugby}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19321022-1.2.117.1.aspx|title=Thrilling All-India final — Ceylon too good for Calcutta|newspaper=The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser|date=27 October 1932|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120929/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19321022-1.2.117.1.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/sri-lanka/daily-mirror-sri-lanka/20200619/281827171018220|title=WHEN RUGBY FOOTBALL IN CEYLON REACHED ITS PEAK; ALL-CEYLON 15 — WESTERN AUSTRALIA 3|via=PressReader|publisher=The Daily Mirror Sri Lanka|first=Neil|last=Wijeratna|date=19 June 2020|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=20 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520101801/https://www.pressreader.com/sri-lanka/daily-mirror-sri-lanka/20200619/281827171018220}}</ref>
**Plate final (1): 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1010730|title=Bombay Gym rally to down Army in final of All India & South Asia Rugby Championship|date=17 October 2022|access-date=26 January 2023|website=daijiworld.com|location=Kolkata|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801141130/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1010730}}</ref>
*'''[[Calcutta Cup#Other Calcutta Cups|Calcutta Cup of India]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-in-kolkata-india-s-rugby-hub-and-the-roots-of-the-calcutta-cup/photo-qwAp8lvxaryrg4SAK1Y83H.html|title=Photos: In Kolkata, India's rugby hub and the roots of the Calcutta Cup|website=hindustantimes.com|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=3 August 2019|access-date=5 November 2020|first=Amit|last=Datta|agency=AFP|location=Kolkata|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821210919/https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-in-kolkata-india-s-rugby-hub-and-the-roots-of-the-calcutta-cup/photo-qwAp8lvxaryrg4SAK1Y83H.html}}</ref>
**Champions (3): 2005, 2014,<ref name="RD"/> 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ccfc1792.com/rugby.php|title=Congratulations to our home team for their victory in the Calcutta Cup 2015|date=16 May 2015|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404052757/http://ccfc1792.com/rugby.php|website=ccfc1792.com|publisher=Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
**Runners-up (1): 2007<ref name="SCRUM"/>

===Tennis===
*'''Ballygunge Open Lawn Tennis Championship'''
**Champions (1): 1929<ref name="CCFC—Tennis"/>

===Bridge===
*'''Monsoon League Inter-Club Bridge Tournament'''
**Champions (1): 2021<ref name="President's corner"/>

==Affiliations and services==
CC&FC has reciprocal arrangements with over 25 private members clubs around the world, enabling members to use facilities, including notable clubs such as [[Kowloon Cricket Club]] and [[Hong Kong FC]] of Hong Kong, [[Penang Sports Club]] of Malaysia, [[Royal Bangkok Sports Club]] of Thailand, [[Singapore Cricket Club]] of Singapore, Wanderers Club of South Africa, [[St James's Club]] of England, and [[Singhalese Sports Club]] of Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccfc1792.com/|title=CCFC — RECIPROCAL CLUB: Indian — Overseas|access-date=8 June 2023|website=ccfc1792.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604200929/https://www.ccfc1792.com/|archive-date=4 June 2023}}</ref>

As one of the prestigious and notable gentlemen's clubs, besides sporting activities, CC&FC offers numerous modern facilities to its members and others, including gymnasium, cultural events and cuisines.<ref name="WOW">{{cite web|url=http://wotweb.com/wot-article/12-clubs-to-be-a-part-of-in-kolkata/|title=12 CLUBS TO BE A PART OF IN KOLKATA|first=Rita|last=Bhimani|date=11 August 2017|access-date=26 January 2023|website=wotweb.com|publisher=Window On Travel|location=Kolkata|archive-date=13 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313032329/http://wotweb.com/wot-article/12-clubs-to-be-a-part-of-in-kolkata/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/life/food/calcutta-cricket-club-offers-enticing-modern-take-on-bengali-dishes|title=Calcutta Cricket Club offers enticing modern take on Bengali dishes|first=John|last=Gilchrist|date=11 August 2017|access-date=26 January 2023|website=calgaryherald.com|publisher=[[Calgary Herald]]|location=Calgary|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811235421/https://calgaryherald.com/life/food/calcutta-cricket-club-offers-enticing-modern-take-on-bengali-dishes}}</ref> The club complex in Ballygunge is consisting of centenary hall, sporting library, swimming pool, glassed balcony-bar, and sporting grounds.<ref name="WOW"/> There is also a mini museum of club memorabilia within CC&FC, having jerseys and signed photographs of [[Stanley Matthews]], [[George Best]], [[Franz Beckenbauer]], [[Gavin Hastings]], alongside colonial antiquities.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Stephen |last1=Brenkley |title=Meet Charlie — from the Bengal branch of the Van der Guchts |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/meet-charlie-from-the-bengal-branch-of-the-van-der-guchts-9194168.html |website=independent.co.uk |publisher=The Independent UK |date=20 January 2002 |access-date=12 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707091257/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/meet-charlie-from-the-bengal-branch-of-the-van-der-guchts-9194168.html }}</ref><ref name="WOW"/>

==See also==

* [[Sport in India|Overview of sports in India]]
*[[History of cricket in India to 1918|History of Cricket in India]]
*[[List of current first-class cricket teams]]
*[[Football in Kolkata]]
*[[History of Indian football]]
*[[List of football clubs in India]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
'''Bibliography'''
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*{{cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/cfl-2023-takes-the-field-today-with-two-majors-in-front-of-mohun-bagan-tollygange-mohammedans-opponents-are-cfc-31689146871602.html|title=সি এফ এল ২০২৩-এ আজ মাঠে নামছে দুই প্রধান! মোহনবাগানের সামনে টালিগঞ্জ, মহমেডানের প্রতিপক্ষ সি সি এফ সি|trans-title=The two Kolkata-giants gearing up to play today at the CFL 2023! Mohun Bagan will host Tollygunge, Mohammedan to face CCFC|website=bangla.hindustantimes.com|publisher=The Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn|location=Kolkata|date=12 July 2023|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728082646/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/cfl-2023-takes-the-field-today-with-two-majors-in-front-of-mohun-bagan-tollygange-mohammedans-opponents-are-cfc-31689146871602.html|archive-date=28 July 2023}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* {{Facebook|440973169286289}}
* {{Facebook|theccfcrugbyteam}} (official rugby team)
* {{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/clubs/|title=IFAWB Clubs: Men's Division (CFL 1st DIVISION)|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009123425/https://ifawb.org/clubs/|archive-date=9 October 2022}}

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West Indies cricket team

2023-10-10T03:24:30Z

BrockKemp6350: /* History */ +WC info

{{Short description|Multi-national group of players of the bat-and-ball game}}
{{About|the men's team|the women's team|West Indies women's cricket team}}
{{Redirect|Windies|the geographical area|West Indies}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = West Indies
| image = Cricket West Indies Logo 2017.png
| image_size =
| nickname = Windies
| association = [[Cricket West Indies]]
| test_captain = [[Kraigg Brathwaite]]
| od_captain = [[Shai Hope]]
| t20i_captain = [[Rovman Powell]]
| test_coach = [[Andre Coley]]<ref name="Coach">{{Cite web |title=Daren Sammy appointed West Indies white-ball coach; Andre Coley to take charge of Test team |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/daren-sammy-appointed-west-indies-white-ball-coach-andre-coley-to-take-charge-of-test-team-1375104 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
| od_coach = [[Daren Sammy]] (Limited overs)<ref name="Coach" />
| test_status_year = 1928
| icc_status = Full Member
| icc_member_year = 1926
| icc_region = [[ICC Americas|Americas]]
| test_rank = 8th
| odi_rank = 10th
| t20i_rank = 7th
| test_rank_best = 1st (1 January 1964)
| odi_rank_best = 1st (1 June 1981)
| t20i_rank_best = 1st (10 January 2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/west-indies-number-one-twenty20-team-icc-ranking-australia-sri-lanka-world-t20/2016-01-11 |title=West Indies secure no 1 T20 rankings|publisher=cricket.com.au|date=11 January 2016|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref>

| first_test = v. {{cr|ENG}} at [[Lord's]], [[London]]; 23–26 June 1928
| most_recent_test = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]]; 20–24 July 2023
| num_tests = 573
| num_tests_this_year = 6
| test_record = 182/209 (181 draws, 1 tie)
| test_record_this_year = 1/3 (2 draws)

| wtc_apps = 2
| wtc_first = [[2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship|2019–2021]]
| wtc_best = 8th place ([[2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship|2019–2021]], [[2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship|2021–2023]])

| first_odi = v. {{cr|ENG}} at [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]]; 5 September 1973
| most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Brian Lara Cricket Academy]], [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]]; 1 August 2023
| num_odis = 867
| num_odis_this_year = 15
| odi_record = 418/408 (11 ties, 30 no results)
| odi_record_this_year = 8/6 (1 tie, 0 no results)

| wc_apps = 12
| wc_first = [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]
| wc_best = Champions ([[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]], [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]])

| wcq_apps = 2
| wcq_best = Runners-up ([[2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2018]])
| wcq_first = [[2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2018]]

| first_t20i = v. {{cr|NZ}} at [[Eden Park]], [[Auckland]]; 16 February 2006
| most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Central Broward Park]], [[Lauderhill, Florida|Lauderhill]]; 13 August 2023
| num_t20is = 184
| num_t20is_this_year = 8
| t20i_record = 76/95 (3 ties, 10 no results)
| t20i_record_this_year = 5/3 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wt20_apps = 8
| wt20_first = [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]
| wt20_best = Champions ([[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]], [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]])

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| h_pattern_ra = _cuffpipingonwhite
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| h_body =
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| asofdate = 12 August 2023
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The '''West Indies men's cricket team''', nicknamed '''The Windies''',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/west-indies-cricket-team-officially-renamed-to-windies-4685387/|title=West Indies Cricket team officially renamed to 'Windies'|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=2 June 2017|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> is a men's [[cricket]] team representing the mainly [[Commonwealth Caribbean|English-speaking countries and territories in the Caribbean]] region and administered by [[Cricket West Indies]]. The players on this composite team are selected from a chain of fifteen Caribbean nation-states and territories. {{As of|2022|11|26}}, the West Indies cricket team is ranked eighth in [[Test cricket|Tests]], and tenth in [[One-Day International|ODI]]s and seventh in [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]s in the official [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] rankings.<ref name="ICC rankings - ICC Test, ODI and Twenty20 rankings">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/rankings/content/page/211271.html|title=ICC rankings – ICC Test, ODI and Twenty20 rankings – ESPN Cricinfo|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=2 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303202904/http://www.espncricinfo.com/rankings/content/page/211271.html|archive-date=3 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

From the mid-late 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was the strongest in the world in both [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] cricket. A number of cricketers who were considered among the best in the world have hailed from the West Indies: [[Sir Garfield Sobers|Garfield Sobers]], [[Lance Gibbs]], [[George Headley]], [[Brian Lara]], [[Viv Richards|Vivian Richards]], [[Clive Lloyd]], [[Malcolm Marshall]], [[Alvin Kallicharran]], [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|Andy Roberts]], [[Rohan Kanhai]], [[Sir Frank Worrell|Frank Worrell]], [[Gordon Greenidge]], [[Clyde Walcott]], [[Everton Weekes]], [[Curtly Ambrose]], [[Desmond Haynes]], [[Michael Holding]], [[Courtney Walsh]], [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]], [[Joel Garner]] and [[Wes Hall]] have all been inducted into the [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catchthespirit.com/hall_of_fame/hall_of_famers.aspx|title=ICC Hall of Fame|publisher=ICC|access-date=23 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209081021/http://catchthespirit.com/hall_of_fame/hall_of_famers.aspx|archive-date=9 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/hall-of-fame/hall-of-famers|title=Live Cricket Scores & News International Cricket Council|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704045535/https://www.icc-cricket.com/hall-of-fame/hall-of-famers|archive-date=4 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The West Indies have won the ICC [[Cricket World Cup]] twice (1975 and 1979, when it was styled the Prudential Cup), the [[ICC T20 World Cup]] twice (2012 and 2016, when it was styled World Twenty20), the [[ICC Champions Trophy]] once (2004), the [[Under 19 Cricket World Cup|ICC Under 19 Cricket World Cup]] once (2016), and have also finished as runners-up in the Cricket World Cup (1983), the Under 19 Cricket World Cup (2004), and the ICC Champions Trophy (2006). The West Indies appeared in three consecutive World Cup finals (1975, 1979 and 1983), and were the first team to win back-to-back World Cups (1975 and 1979), both of these records have been surpassed only by Australia, who appeared in 4 consecutive World Cup Finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007) winning 3 consecutive World Cups (1999, 2003 and 2007).

The West Indies have hosted the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]] and the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20]].

==Member states and dependencies==
The current team represents:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://emergingcricket.com/insight/west-indies-as-separate/ |title=West Indies as separate cricketing countries? |work=Emerging Cricket |date=7 July 2020 |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>

* '''[[List of sovereign states|Sovereign states]]'''
** {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''L'''
** {{flag|Barbados}}
** {{flag|Dominica}}'''W'''
** {{flag|Grenada}}'''W'''
** {{flag|Guyana}}
** {{flag|Jamaica}}
** {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}{{efn|[[Saint Kitts]] and [[Nevis]] are separately represented in the [[Leeward Islands Cricket Association]].}}
*** {{flag|Nevis}}'''L'''
*** {{flag|Saint Kitts}}'''L'''
** {{flag|Saint Lucia}}'''W'''
** {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'''W'''
** {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
* '''[[Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries|Constituent country]] of the {{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}'''
** {{flag|Sint Maarten}}'''L'''
* '''[[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territories]] of the {{flag|United Kingdom}}'''
** {{flag|Anguilla}}'''L'''
** {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}'''L'''
** {{flag|Montserrat}}'''L'''
* '''[[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the {{flag|United States}}'''
** {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}'''L'''

{{smalldiv|1=
; Legends
: '''L''' = Participant of the [[Leeward Islands cricket team|Leeward Islands team]] and member of the [[Leeward Islands Cricket Association]]
: '''W''' = Participant of the [[Windward Islands cricket team|Windward Islands team]] and member of the [[Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control]]}}

; Note
{{notelist}}

===Affiliates in Cricket West Indies===
[[File:Cricket West Indies members and affiliates.svg|thumb|500px|Map of Cricket West Indies' members and affiliates. Full members are in '''bold''', sub-members are in normal text, and affiliates in ''italics''.]]

[[Cricket West Indies]], the governing body of the team, consists of the six cricket associations of [[Barbados Cricket Association|Barbados]], [[Guyana Cricket Board|Guyana]], [[Jamaica Cricket Association|Jamaica]], the [[Leeward Islands Cricket Association|Leeward Islands]], [[Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board|Trinidad and Tobago]], and the [[Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control|Windward Islands]]. The [[Leeward Islands Cricket Association]] consists of three cricket associations from two sovereign states (one from Antigua and Barbuda, and two from Saint Kitts and Nevis), three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat), one U.S. territory (the U.S. Virgin Islands), and one Dutch constituent country (Sint Maarten). The [[Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control]] consists of associations of four sovereign states (Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines).

Two more British Overseas Territories in the region that have once been historical parts of the former West Indies Federation, the [[Cayman Islands national cricket team|Cayman Islands]] and the [[Turks and Caicos Islands national cricket team|Turks and Caicos Islands]], have their own national teams currently.

National teams also exist for the various islands, which, as they are all separate countries, very much keep their local identities and support their local favourites. These national teams take part in the West Indian [[first-class cricket|first-class]] competition, the [[Regional Four Day Competition]] (earlier known as the ''Busta Cup'', ''Shell Shield'', ''Carib Beer Cup'', and various other names).<ref>For the results of domestic competitions see [http://www.cricinfo.com ESPN Cricinfo] or [https://cricketarchive.com The Home of CricketArchive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205012752/http://www.cricinfo.com/ |date=5 December 2005 }}</ref> It is also common for other international teams to play the island teams for warm-up games before they take on the combined West Indies team.

The combined population of these countries and territories is around 6 million people, comparable to fellow Full Members [[New Zealand Cricket|New Zealand]] and [[Cricket Ireland|Ireland]], and prominent Associate Member [[Cricket Scotland|Scotland]].

The member associations of Cricket West Indies are:

* [[Barbados Cricket Association]] (BCA)
* [[Guyana Cricket Board]] (GCB)
* [[Jamaica Cricket Association]] (JCA)
* [[Leeward Islands Cricket Association]] (LICA); itself composed of:
** Anguilla Cricket Association
** Antigua and Barbuda Cricket Association
** British Virgin Islands Cricket Association
** Montserrat Cricket Association
** Nevis Cricket Association (for the island of [[Nevis]] alone)
** Saint Kitts Cricket Association (for the island of [[Saint Kitts]] alone)
** Sint Maarten Cricket Association
** United States Virgin Islands Cricket Association
* [[Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board]] (TTCB)
* [[Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control]] (WICBC); itself composed of:
** Dominica Cricket Association
** Grenada Cricket Association
** Saint Lucia Cricket Association
** Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Cricket Association

===Potential future members===
* [[Bahamas]]
* [[Overseas collectivity|Overseas collectivities]] of [[France]]
** [[Saint Barthélemy]]'''L'''
** [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]'''L'''
* [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas regions]] of the [[French Fifth Republic|French Republic]]
** [[Guadeloupe]]'''L'''
** [[Martinique]]'''W'''
* [[Caribbean Netherlands|Special municipalities]] of the [[Netherlands]]
** [[Saba (island)|Saba]]'''L'''
** [[Sint Eustatius]]'''L'''

{{smalldiv|1=
; Legends
: '''L''' = Affiliate of the [[Leeward Islands Cricket Association]]
: '''W''' = Affiliate of the [[Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control]]}}

==History==
{{main|History of the West Indian cricket team}}[[File:Learie Constantine.jpg|200px|left|thumb|[[Learie Constantine]], who played Test cricket in the 1920s and 1930s, was one of the first great West Indian players.]][[File:Darren Sammy, 2010.jpg|thumb|200px|Darren Sammy. The West Indies have won three major tournament titles: the Champions Trophy once, and the World Twenty20 twice. Both World T20s were won with Sammy as captain, making him the only West Indian captain besides Clive Lloyd with multiple ICC tournament victories.]]

The history of the West Indies cricket team began in the 1890s, when the first representative sides were selected to play visiting [[English cricket team|English]] sides. The WICB joined the sport's international ruling body, the [[International Cricket Council|Imperial Cricket Conference]], in 1926,<ref>See [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Countries/30.html CricketArchive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124230522/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Countries/30.html |date=24 November 2017 }}, for example, for a reference to when Test status was acquired</ref> and played their first official international match, granted [[Test cricket|Test]] status, in 1928,<ref>See, for example, ''75 Years of West Indies Cricket 1928–2003'' by Ray Goble and [[Keith A. P. Sandiford]] {{ISBN|1-870518-78-0}}, the WICB authorised reference book on cricket in the West Indies. For more information on the first Test played by the Windies, see [http://www.cricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/WI/SERIES/TOURS.html West Indies Series: Test and ODI Tours] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060117061508/http://www.cricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/WI/SERIES/TOURS.html |date=17 January 2006 }}. See also the [http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1920S/1928/WI_IN_ENG/WI_ENG_T1_23-26JUN1928.html scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130095348/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1920S/1928/WI_IN_ENG/WI_ENG_T1_23-26JUN1928.html |date=30 January 2005 }} of the First Test played by the West Indies.</ref> thus becoming the fourth Test 'nation'. In their early days in the 1930s, the side represented the British colonies that would later form the [[West Indies Federation]] plus [[British Guiana]].

The last series the West Indies played before the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] was against England in 1939. There followed a hiatus that lasted until January 1948 when the MCC toured the West Indies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results_year.html?class=1;id=4;type=team |title=Records / West Indies / Test matches / List of match results (by year) |work=espncricinfo |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427141857/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results_year.html?class=1;id=4;type=team |archive-date=27 April 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Of the West Indies players in that first match after the war only [[Gerry Gomez]], [[George Headley]], [[Jeffrey Stollmeyer]], and [[Foffie Williams]] had previously played Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/westindies/engine/match/62681.html |title=Scorecard, 1st Test: West Indies v England at Bridgetown, Jan 21–26 1948 |work=espncricinfo |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612162642/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/westindies/engine/match/62681.html |archive-date=12 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1948, leg spinner [[Wilfred Ferguson]] became the first West Indian bowler to take ten wickets in a Test, finishing with 11/229 in a match against England;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_match.html?class=1;id=4;type=team |title=Records / West Indies / Test matches / Best bowling figures in a match |work=espncricinfo |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref> later that same year [[Hines Johnson]] became the first West Indies fast bowler to achieve the feat, managing 10/96 against the same opponents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/page2/content/story/80875.html |title=Jamaica: A century of sport |work=espncricinfo |date=27 July 1999 |access-date=25 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427213756/http://www.espncricinfo.com/page2/content/story/80875.html |archive-date=27 April 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The West Indies defeated England for the first time at [[Lord's]] on 29 June 1950. Ramadhin and Alf Valentine were the architects of the victory which inspired a calypso by Lord Beginner. Later on 16 August 1950, completed a 3–1 series win when they won at [[The Oval]]. Although blessed with some great players in their early days as a Test team, their successes remained sporadic until the 1960s when the side changed from a white-dominated to a black-dominated side under the successive captaincies of [[Frank Worrell]] and [[Garfield Sobers|Gary Sobers]].

The team won the [[1975 Cricket World Cup|inaugural World Cup]] in England in 1975, and retained the title in [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]].<ref name=wc2023 /> By the late 1970s, the West Indies led by [[Clive Lloyd]] had a side recognised as unofficial world champions, a reputation they retained throughout the 1980s.<ref>Until June 2001 there was no official ranking of Test nations, with the unofficial epithet of "World champions" being decided by acclaim based on recent results. Although exactly when the West Indies became and ceased to be world champions is therefore disputed – that they were the unofficial world champions for a prolonged period of time is not.</ref> During these glory years, the West Indies were noted for their four-man [[fast bowling]] attack, backed up by some of the best [[batsman|batsmen]] in the world. In 1976, fast bowler [[Michael Holding]] took 14/149 in the OvalTest against England, setting a record which still stands for best bowling figures in a Test by a West Indies bowler.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153475.html |title=West Indies in England, 1976 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_match.html?class=1;id=4;type=team |title=Records / West Indies / Test matches / Best bowling figures in a match |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 September 2012}}</ref> The 1980s saw the team set a then-record streak of 11 consecutive Test victories in 1984 and inflict two 5–0 "[[blackwash]]es" on England.

Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, however, West Indian cricket declined, largely owing to the failure of the West Indian Cricket Board to move the game from an amateur pastime to a professional sport, coupled with the general economic decline in West Indian countries, and the team struggling to retain its past glory. Victory in the 2004 Champions Trophy and a runner-up showing in the 2006 Champions Trophy left some hopeful, but it was not until the inception of [[Twenty20]] cricket that the West Indies began to regain a place among the cricketing elite and among cricket fans, as they developed ranks of players capable of taking over games with their power hitting, including [[Chris Gayle]], [[Kieron Pollard]], [[Marlon Samuels]], [[Lendl Simmons]], [[DJ Bravo]], [[Andre Russell]] and [[Carlos Brathwaite]]. They beat Australia and then host Sri Lanka in the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012 World Twenty20]] to win their first ICC world championship since the 1979 World Cup and then bested England to win the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 World Twenty20]], making them the first team to win the World Twenty20 twice. As an added bonus, the West Indies also became the first to win both the men's and women's World Twenty20 on the same day, as the women's team beat three-time defending champion Australia for their first ICC world title immediately beforehand. For the first time in the history of the tournament, the team did not qualify for the [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 World Cup]] after losing to [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]] in the [[2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier#Super Six|Super Six stage of the Qualifiers]].<ref name=wc2023>{{Cite news |last=Muchinjo |first=Enock |date=1 July 2023 |title=West Indies fails to qualify for Cricket World Cup for first time |url=https://apnews.com/article/west-indies-cricket-world-cup-scotland-c76ab1f4eddb6d39704b8bea4a51f3ac |work=Associated Press}}</ref>

==Flag and anthem==
[[File:WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg|thumb|Former flag of the West Indies cricket team used until 1999. This flag became [[public domain]] but the current version is [[copyright]]ed.|alt=West Indies Cricket Flag pre-199]]
Most cricketing nations use their own national flags for cricketing purposes. However, as the West Indies represent a number of independent states and dependencies, there is no natural choice of flag. The WICB has, therefore, developed an insignia showing a palm tree and cricket stumps on a small sunny island (see the top of this article). The insignia, on a maroon background, makes up the West Indian flag. The background sometimes has a white stripe above a green stripe, which is separated by a maroon stripe, passing horizontally through the middle of the background.<ref>[http://flagspot.net/flags/int@wicb.html Flags of the World] InI{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304031405/http://flagspot.net/flags/int@wicb.html |date=4 March 2006 }} page on the WICB flag</ref> Prior to 1999, the WICB(C) had used a [[History of the West Indian cricket team#World dominance|similar insignia]] featuring a [[Roystonea oleracea|cabbage palm]] tree and an island, but there were no stumps and, instead of the sun, there was the [[Orion (constellation)|constellation Orion]]. It was designed in 1923 by Sir Algernon Aspinall, then Secretary of the [[West India Committee]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Royal Colonial Institute]] |date=1923 |title= Badge of the West Indian Cricket Team now in England |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVgjAQAAIAAJ&q=west+indies+cricket+team+orion |journal=United Empire |publisher=Pitman and Sons Ltd. |volume=14 |page=350}}</ref> Around the same time in the 1920s the suggested motto for the West Indies team was "Nec curat Orion leones", which comes from a quote by [[Horace]], meaning that Orion, as symbolical of the West Indies XI, does not worry about the lions [of English cricket].<ref>{{cite book |last=Aspinall |first=Sir Algernon|title=The Handbook of the British West Indies, British Guiana and British Honduras |year=1929 |publisher=West India Committee |pages=90 }}</ref>

For ICC tournaments, "Rally 'Round the West Indies" by [[David Rudder]] is used as the team's anthem.<ref>[https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/tagore-and-world-cups-unique-national-anthems/articleshow/46644054.cms Tagore, and World Cup's unique national anthems] ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 30 August 2021</ref>

==Venues==
{{main|List of cricket grounds in the West Indies}}

[[File:Queens Park Oval Trinidad.jpg|thumb|[[Queen's Park Oval]], Trinidad]]
The following eleven stadiums have been used for at least one Test match.<ref>See [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/westindies/content/ground/country.html?country=4 Cricinfo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101101221/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/westindies/content/ground/country.html?country=4 |date=1 January 2009 }} for a list of Test match grounds</ref> The number of Tests played at each venue followed by the number of One Day Internationals and twenty20 internationals played at that venue is in brackets as of 2 April 2021:

*[[Queen's Park Oval]] – [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]] (62/73/6): The Queen's Park Oval has hosted more Test matches than any other ground in the Caribbean and first hosted a Test match in 1930. The ground is considered one of the most picturesque venues in the world of cricket, featuring the view Trinidad's Northern Range. It has a capacity of over 18,000.
*[[Kensington Oval]] – [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]] (55/46/23):Kensington Oval hosted the region's first Test match in 1930 and is recognised as the 'Mecca' of West Indies cricket. Its capacity was increased from 15,000 to 28,000 for the 2007 World Cup and down to its current capacity of 11,000 post – World Cup. It has hosted two ICC world finals – the [[2007 Cricket World Cup Final]], which Australia won over Sri Lanka, and the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20 Final|2010 World Twenty20 Final]], which England won against Australia.
*[[Bourda]] – [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]], [[Guyana]] (30/11/0): Bourda first hosted a Test match in 1930. It was the only Test ground in South America (until the use of Providence), and the only one below sea level and with its own moat (to prevent the pitch from frequent flooding). It has a capacity of around 22,000. It is remembered for the Pitch Invasion during an April 1999, One Day International between Australia and the West Indies, with Australia needing 3 runs to tie and 4 to win off the last ball, a full scale pitch invasion, resulted in the match being deemed a tie, due to the stumps having been stolen before the West Indian team could effect a run out.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/AUS_IN_WI/SCORECARDS/AUS_WI_ODI5_21APR1999_CI_MR.html |title=Bourda First Test |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201194206/http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/AUS_IN_WI/SCORECARDS/AUS_WI_ODI5_21APR1999_CI_MR.html |archive-date=1 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Sabina Park]] – [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[Jamaica]] (54/41/6): Sabina Park first hosted a Test match in 1930. The [[Blue Mountains (Jamaica)|Blue Mountains]], which are famed for their coffee, form the backdrop. Sabina Park played host to [[Garry Sobers]]' then world-record 365 not out. In 1998, the Test against England was abandoned here on the opening day because the pitch was too dangerous. It has a capacity of 15,000.
*[[Antigua Recreation Ground]] – [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St John's, Antigua]] (22/11/0): Antigua Recreation Ground first hosted a Test in 1981. Three Test triple centuries have been scored on this ground: Chris Gayle's 317 in 2005, and Brian Lara's world record scores of 375 in 1994 and 400 not out in 2004. The historic stadium was removed from the roster of grounds hosting international matches in June 2006, to make way for the island's new cricket stadium, being constructed 3 miles outside the capital city expected to be completed in time for its hosting of matches for Cricket World Cup 2007. However, after the abandoned Test match between England and the West Indies in February 2009 at the new North Sound ground, Test cricket returned to the ARG.
*[[Arnos Vale Stadium|Arnos Vale]] – [[Arnos Vale, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Arnos Vale]], [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Kingstown]], [[Saint Vincent (island)|St Vincent]] (3/23/2): The Arnos Vale Ground a.k.a. The Playing Fields first hosted a Test in 1997.
*[[Queen's Park, Grenada|National Cricket Stadium]] – [[St George's, Grenada]] (4/25/6): Queen's Park, Grenada first hosted a Test in 2002.
*[[Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium]] – [[Gros Islet]], [[St Lucia]] (10/26/17): Originally the Beauséjour Cricket Ground, first hosted a Test in 2003. It has a capacity of 12,000. This was the first stadium in the Caribbean to host a day-night cricket match. The match was between the West Indies and Zimbabwe. [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] was scheduled to play a test in 2014 to mark the return to Test cricket after a break of 8 years. Following the West Indies' victory in the 2016 World Twenty20, the St. Lucian government renamed the venue after captain Sammy, a native St. Lucian, with another St. Lucian – [[Johnson Charles]] – having a stand named in his honor after also being part of the 2012 and 2016 championship squads.
*[[Warner Park Sporting Complex|Warner Park Stadium]] – [[Basseterre]], [[St. Kitts and Nevis|St Kitts]] (3/18/10): The Warner Park Sporting Complex hosted its first One Day International on 23 May 2006 and its first Test match on 22 June 2006. The stadium has a permanent capacity of 8,000, with provisions for temporary stands to enable the hosting figure to past 10,000.
*[[Providence Stadium]] – [[Georgetown, Guyana]] (2/24/10): The Providence Stadium hosted its first One Day International on 28 March 2007 for the 2007 Cricket World Cup and its first Test match on 22 March 2008. The stadium has a permanent capacity of 15,000, and is to host Test cricket instead of Bourda.
*[[Sir Vivian Richards Stadium]] – North Sound, [[Antigua and Barbuda|Antigua]] (12/20/4): The Sir Viv Richards Stadium hosted its first One Day International on 27 March 2007 for the 2007 Cricket World Cup and its first Test match on 30 May 2008. The stadium has a permanent capacity of 10,000, and is to host Test cricket instead of the Antigua Recreation Ground.
*[[Windsor Park (Dominica)|Windsor Park Stadium]] – [[Roseau, Dominica]] (6/4/4): Windsor Park is another home venue for the West Indian team. Construction first started on it in 2005, and it finally opened in October 2007, too late to serve as a venue for the 2007 Cricket World Cup. It hosts first-class cricket and hosted its first test on 6 July 2011 against India, however it held its first One Day International on 26 July 2009. It has a [[seating capacity]] of 12,000.

Three further stadia have been used for One Day Internationals,<ref>See [https://cricketarchive.com/cgi-bin/scorecard_oracle_reveals_results.cgi CricketArchive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922092941/http://cricketarchive.com/cgi-bin/scorecard_oracle_reveals_results.cgi |date=22 September 2017 }} for a list of stadia that have hosted home West Indian ODIs</ref> or Twenty20 Internationals but not Test matches. The number of One Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals played at each venue is shown in the table below:

=== ODI and T20I grounds ===
The following four stadiums have been used for at least one international match other than Test matches.<ref>See [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/westindies/content/ground/country.html?country=4 Cricinfo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101101221/http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/westindies/content/ground/country.html?country=4 |date=1 January 2009 }} for a list of international match grounds</ref>
{| class ="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! City !! Country !! Capacity !! First match !! Tests !! ODIs !! T20Is !! Notes
|-
| [[Albion Sports Complex]] || [[Albion, Guyana|Albion]] || Guyana || 15,000 || 1977 || — || 5 || 0 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundStats_ODI.asp?GroundCode=102|title=Albion ODI stats|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707092241/http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundStats_ODI.asp?GroundCode=102|archive-date=7 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mindoo Phillip Park]] || [[Castries]] || Saint Lucia || || 1978 || — || 2 || 0 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundStats_ODI.asp?GroundCode=133|title=Castries ODI stats|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707120101/http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundStats_ODI.asp?GroundCode=133|archive-date=7 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Coolidge Cricket Ground]] || [[Osbourn, Antigua and Barbuda|Osbourn]] || Antigua and Barbuda || 5,000 || 2017 || — || — || 4 ||
|-
| [[Brian Lara Stadium]] || [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]] || Trinidad and Tobago || 15,000 || 2022 || — || 1 || 2 ||
|-
|}

==Clothing==
[[File:Vivian richards crop.jpg|right|160px|thumb|[[Viv Richards]], who has a Test batting average of 50.23 from 121 matches, [[West Indian national cricket captains|captained the West Indies]] from 1985–86 to 1991, a period throughout which the West Indies were the best Test match side in the world.]]
When playing one-day cricket, the Windies wear a maroon-coloured shirt and trousers. The shirt also sports the logo of the West Indian Cricket Board and the name of their suppliers [[Castore (brand)|Castore]] on the sleeves of their jerseys. The one-day cap is maroon with the WICB logo on the left of the front, with two yellow stripes.

When playing first-class cricket, in addition to their [[cricket whites|cricket flannels]] West Indian fielders sometimes wear a maroon sunhat with a wide brim or a maroon baggy cap. The WICB logo is on the front of the hat. Helmets are coloured similarly. The sweater was edged with Maroon, green and grey. Gold was added to the stripes in the early 2000s. The design reverted to a simple maroon facing when the West Indies began wearing fleeces. In 2020 they again wore the traditional cable knit sweaters edged with Maroon and Green. When the team toured they wore maroon caps but in test matches in the Caribbean, it was customary for the team to wear dark blue caps until the late 1970s. The blazers awarded for home tests were dark blue with white and green facings. An example is displayed in the museum at Lord's. After c 1977 home and away teams both wore maroon caps and the blazers were the same colours.

During [[World Series Cricket]], coloured uniforms were adopted. The initial West Indies uniform was pink and was later changed to maroon to match their Test match caps. Grey was also added as a secondary colour. In some of their uniforms grey has been dominant over the traditional maroon. Some uniforms had green, yellow or white as accent colour.

Former uniform suppliers were and [[BLK (sportswear)|BLK]] (2017-2019), [[Joma]] (2015-2017),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.joma-sport.com/news/joma-enters-cricket-market-sponsoring-west-indies |title=Joma enters cricket market sponsoring West Indies |date=20 February 2015 |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402045114/http://www.joma-sport.com/news/joma-enters-cricket-market-sponsoring-west-indies |archive-date=2 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Woodworm (2008-2015),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports-insight.co.uk/news/woodworm-sponsors-west-indies-cricket-team |title=Woodworm sponsors West Indies cricket team |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711144714/https://www.sports-insight.co.uk/news/woodworm-sponsors-west-indies-cricket-team |archive-date=11 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.woodworm.tv/woodworm-sponsor-west-indies-cricket Woodworm sponsor West Indies cricket]</ref> [[Admiral Sportswear|Admiral]] (2000-2005),<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/126858.html Replica Windies kits not available in South Africa]</ref> [[Asics]] (1999 World Cup), UK Sportsgear (1997-1998),<ref>[https://www.ukgear.com/Pages/Media-Centre/News-AND-PR/26-Article-in-Director-Magazine.html A sporting chance against the top dogs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810102207/http://www.ukgear.com/Pages/Media-Centre/News-AND-PR/26-Article-in-Director-Magazine.html |date=10 August 2016 }} UK Gear</ref> [[ISC (sportswear)|ISC]] (1992-1996) and [[Adidas]] (1979-1991).

Former sponsors were [[Sandals Resorts|Sandals]] (2018-2021) [[Digicel]] (2005-2018),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/cricket-west-indies-digicel-end-sponsorship-agreement/story-6L3cUOePZFja6CLkYAjulI.html |title=Cricket West Indies, Digicel end sponsorship agreement |date=30 May 2018 |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531040749/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/cricket-west-indies-digicel-end-sponsorship-agreement/story-6L3cUOePZFja6CLkYAjulI.html |archive-date=31 May 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[KFC]] (2006-2009),<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/sports/laras-men-have-kentucky-fried-chicken-for-champions-trophy_326979.html Lara's men have Kentucky Fried Chicken for Champions Trophy]</ref> [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable & Wireless]] (2000-2004),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/scyldberry/2355946/Sponsors-finger-West-Indies.html |title=Sponsors finger West Indies |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706213513/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/scyldberry/2355946/Sponsors-finger-West-Indies.html |archive-date=6 July 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Carib Beer]] (1999-2001)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/nc3012111.htm |title=WICB and Carib Beer announce sponsorship |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514224019/http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/nc3012111.htm |archive-date=14 May 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]] (1996-1999).<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/75632.html West Indies Cricket Board at loggerheads with sponsor]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/print/news/kingfisher-premium-brings-biggest-cricketing-celebration-of-the-year-5921407800_1.html |title=Kingfisher Premium brings biggest cricketing celebration of the year |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627115616/http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/print/news/kingfisher-premium-brings-biggest-cricketing-celebration-of-the-year-5921407800_1.html |archive-date=27 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==West Indies women's cricket team==

{{main|West Indies women's cricket team}}

The West Indies women's cricket team enjoy a much lower profile than the men's team. They played 11 [[Test cricket|Test matches]] between 1975–76 and 1979, winning once, losing three times, and drawing the other games. Since then, they have only played one further Test match, a draw game against [[Pakistani women's cricket team|Pakistan]] in 2003–04.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/CricketWoman/Records/WestIndies/WTests/index.html CricketArchive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606052032/http://cricketarchive.com/CricketWoman/Records/WestIndies/WTests/index.html |date=6 June 2008 }} has details of the Tests played by the West Indies women's cricket team</ref> They also have an infrequent record in One Day Internationals. A team from Trinidad and Tobago and a team from Jamaica played in the first women's World Cup in 1973, with both sides faring poorly, finishing fifth and sixth respectively out of a field of seven.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/CricketWoman/Events/Tables/Womens_World_Cup_1973.html CricketArchive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606052023/http://cricketarchive.com/CricketWoman/Events/Tables/Womens_World_Cup_1973.html |date=6 June 2008 }} shows the 1973 women's World Cup table</ref> The Windies united as a team to play their first ODI in 1979, but thereafter did not play until the 1993 World Cup. The side has never been one of the leading sides in the world, however, since the 2013 World Cup, where the team finished runner-ups, the team has improved reasonably well. Their main success being achieving second place in the International Women's Cricket Council Trophy, a competition for the second tier of women's national cricket teams, in 2003. Their overall record in one-dayers is to have played 177, won 80, lost 91 with one tie and 5 no results .<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/CricketWoman/Records/WestIndies/WOdis/index.html CricketArchive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606052027/http://cricketarchive.com/CricketWoman/Records/WestIndies/WOdis/index.html |date=6 June 2008 }} has detailed records of the West Indies women's ODI results</ref>

Because of the women's side's relatively low profile, there are few well-known names in the game. The most notable is probably [[Nadine George]], a [[wicket-keeper]]/[[batsman]], who became the first, and to date only, West Indian woman to score a Test century, in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] in 2003–04. George is a prominent supporter of sport in the West Indies, and in particular, in her native [[St Lucia]], and in 2005 was made an [[Member of the Order of the British Empire|MBE]] by the Prince of Wales for services to sport.

2016 saw the West Indies women win their first ICC world championship – the [[2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2016 Women's World Twenty20]], after beating three-time defending champion Australia by eight wickets at [[Eden Gardens]] with members of the men's team in the crowd to support.

==Tournament history==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2017}}
''A red box around the year indicates tournaments played within West Indies''

===ICC World Test Championship===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
| colspan="19" | [[ICC World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship record]]
|-
! width="245" rowspan="3" | Year
! colspan="10" | League stage
! width="250" ! rowspan="3" | Final Host
! width="450" rowspan="3" | Final
! width="75" rowspan="3" | Final Position
|-
! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|Pos|Position}} !! colspan="5" | Matches !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|Ded|Deductions}} !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|PC|Points Contested}} !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|Pts|Points}} !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|PCT|Fraction of Points Won out of Points Contested}}
|-
! width="20" | {{abbr|P|Played}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|W|Won}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|L|Lost}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|D|Drawn}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|T|Tied}}
|-
| [[2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship|2019–21]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2019–2021 Table|access-date=29 August 2021|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> || 8/9 || 13 || 3 || 8 || 2 || 0 || 6 || 720 || 194 || '''26.9''' || [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]], England || DNQ || 8th
|-
| [[2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship|2021–23]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Test Championship 2021-23 Table |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2021-2023-1268315/points-table-standings |access-date=June 13, 2023 |website=[[ESPNCricinfo]]}}</ref>||8/9
|13
|4
|7
|2
|0
|2
|156
|54
|'''34.6'''
|[[The Oval]], England
|DNQ
|8th
|}

===Cricket World Cup===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!colspan=9|[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup record]]
|-
! width=150 |Hosts, Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||rowspan=2| '''Champions'''||rowspan=2|1/8||5||5||0||0||0
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]|||5||4||0||0||1
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]||Runners-up||2/8||8||6||2||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|India}}{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]||rowspan=2|Round 1||5/8||6||3||3||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}}{{flagicon|NZL}} [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]||6/9||8||4||4||0||0
|- style="background:#cc9966;"
|{{flagicon|IND}}{{flagicon|PAK}}{{flagicon|SRI}} [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||Semi-finals||4/12||7||3||4||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Ireland|cricket }}{{flagicon|SCO}}{{flagicon|NED}}{{flagicon|WAL }}[[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]||rowspan=2|Round 1||7/12||5||3||2||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|RSA}}{{flagicon|ZIM}}{{flagicon|KEN}} [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]||7/14||6||3||2||0||1
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]||Super 8||6/16||10||5||5||0||0
|- style="background:#ffebcd;"
|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BGD}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]||rowspan=2|Quarter-finals||8/14||7||3||4||0||0
|- style="background:#ffebcd;"
|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||8/14||7||3||4||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]|| Group stage |||9/10||9||2||6||0||1
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]|| colspan='9'|''Did not qualify''
|-
|'''Total'''||'''12/13'''||'''2 Titles'''||'''80'''||'''43'''||'''35'''||'''0'''||'''2'''
|}

===ICC Trophy/ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier===

*1979-2014: Not eligible (top 8 in ODI rankings and Full Member of ICC)
*[[2018 ICC World Cup Qualifier|2018]]: Runner-up (qualified for the [[ICC Cricket World Cup 2019]])
*[[2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2023]]: Super Six (5th Position)

===ICC T20 World Cup===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:900px"
|-
!colspan=8|[[ICC T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup record]]
|-
! width=150 |Hosts, Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|-
| {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]] ||Group stage|| 11/12 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0
|- style="background:#cc9966;"
|{{flagicon|England}} [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]] ||Semi-finals|| 4/12 || 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]] ||Super 8|| 6/12 || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]] ||'''Champions''' || 1/12 || 7 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 1
|- style="background:#cc9966;"
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014]] ||Semi-finals|| 3/16 || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|India}} [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]] ||'''Champions'''|| 1/16 || 6 || 5 || 1 || 0 || 0
|-
| {{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|Oman}} [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]|| Super 12's || 9/16 || 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]||Group Stage|| 15/16 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{Flagicon|WIN}}{{Flagicon|USA}} [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]
| colspan="7" |Qualified
|-
| '''Total''' || '''8/8'''|| '''2 titles'''|| '''39'''||'''19'''||'''18'''||'''1'''||'''1'''
|}

===ICC Champions Trophy===
Known as the 'ICC Knockout' in 1998 and 2000.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:900px"
|-
!colspan=9|[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy record]]
|-
! width=150 |Hosts, Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||Runners-up||2/9||3||2||1||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]||rowspan=2|Round 1||11/11||1||0||1||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]||7/12||2||1||1||0||0
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|England}} [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]||'''Champions'''||1/12||4||4||0||0||0
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|India}} [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]||Runners-up||2/10||5||3||1||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]||rowspan=2|Round 1||8/8||3||0||3||0||0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}} [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]||7/8||3||1||1||1||0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}} [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| colspan="7" |Did not qualify
|-
|'''Total'''||'''7/8'''||'''1 title'''||'''20'''||'''10'''||'''8'''||'''1'''||'''0'''
|}

==Honours==
*'''[[ICC Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]:'''
** '''Champions (2):''' [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]], [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]
** '''Runners-up (1):''' [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]
*'''[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]]:'''
** '''Champions (2):''' [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012]], [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016]]
*'''[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]:'''
** '''Champions (1):''' [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
** '''Runners-up (2):''' [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]], [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]

==Statistics and records==
{{see also|List of West Indies Test cricket records|List of West Indies One Day International cricket records|List of West Indies Twenty20 International cricket records}}

[[File:BrianLaraUkexpat.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Brian Lara]] holds the [[List of Test cricket records#Innings or series|world record for highest score in Test cricket]] (400 v. England in 2003–04)]]

; Innings totals above 700
For: 790 for 3 declared against [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] in 1957–58; 751 for 5 declared against England in St John's in 2003–04; 747 all out against South Africa in St John's in 2004–05; 749 for 9 declared against England in Bridgetown in 2008–2009 
Against: 849 by England in Kingston in 1929–30; 758 for 8 declared by Australia in Kingston in 1954–55

; Innings totals below 60
For: 47 against England in Kingston in 2003–04; 51 against [[Australian cricket team|Australia]] in [[Port of Spain]] in 1998–99; 53 against Pakistan in [[Faisalabad]] in 1986–87; 54 against England at Lord's in 2000; 60 against Pakistan in Karachi in 2017-18 (60/9 (Surrender)) 
Against: 46 by England in Port of Spain in 1993–94; 51 by England in Kingston in 2008–09

; Triple centuries scored for the Windies
400 not out by [[Brian Lara]] against England at St John's in 2003–04; 375 by Brian Lara against England at St John's in 1993–94; 365 not out by [[Garry Sobers]] against Pakistan at Kingston in 1957–58; 333 by [[Chris Gayle]] against [[Sri Lanka]] at Galle in 2010–11; 317 by Chris Gayle against South Africa at St John's in 2004–05; 302 by [[Lawrence Rowe]] against England at Bridgetown in 1973–74

; Twelve or more wickets were taken for the Windies in a Test match
14 for the cost of 149 runs by [[Michael Holding]] against England at the Oval in 1976; 13 for 55 by [[Courtney Walsh]]against New Zealand in Wellington in 1994–95; Shanon Gabriel took 13 for 121 against Sri Lanka.:12 for 121 by [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|Andy Roberts]] against India in Madras in 1974–

; Hat-tricks
[[Wes Hall]] against Pakistan in 1959; [[Lance Gibbs]] against Australia in 1961; [[Courtney Walsh]] against Australia in 1988; and [[Jermaine Lawson]] against Australia in 2003

===One-day matches===

; Hat-trick
An ODI [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]] performance was made by [[Jerome Taylor]] on 19 October 2006 at [[Mumbai]] in an [[ICC Champions Trophy]] league match against Australia<ref name="hat-trick">{{Cite web |url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/iccct2006/content/story/263559.html |title=Cricinfo – Taylor hat-trick sinks Australia |access-date=20 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223050637/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/iccct2006/content/story/263559.html |archive-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the ICC [[2011 Cricket World Cup]], [[Kemar Roach]] became the sixth bowler to claim a World Cup hat-trick against the Netherlands

==Test captains==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
{{See also|List of West Indies cricket captains|Development of the Test captaincy of West Indies}}

The following men have captained the West Indian cricket team in at least one Test match:
[[File:Courtney Walsh (1) (cropped).jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Courtney Walsh]], who captained the West Indies between 1993–94 and 1997–98.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" colspan="3"| West Indian Test match captains
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Number
! Name
! Period
|-
|| 1 || [[Karl Nunes]] || 1928–1929/30
|-
|| 2 || [[Teddy Hoad]] || 1929/30
|-
|| 3 || [[Nelson Betancourt]] || 1929/30
|-
|| 4 || [[Maurice Fernandes]] || 1929/30
|-
|| 5 || [[Jackie Grant]]|| 1930/31–1934/35
|-
|| 6 || [[Rolph Grant]]|| 1939
|-
|| 7 || [[George Headley]] || 1947/48
|-
|| 8 || [[Gerry Gomez]] || 1947/48
|-
|| 9 || [[John Goddard (cricketer)|John Goddard]] || 1947/48–1951/52, 1957
|-
|| 10 || [[Jeffrey Stollmeyer]] || 1951/52–1954/55
|-
|| 11 || [[Denis Atkinson]] || 1954/55–1955/56
|-
|| 12 || [[Gerry Alexander]] || 1957/58–1959/60
|-
|| 13 || [[Frank Worrell]] || 1960/61–1963
|-
|| 14 || [[Garfield Sobers]] || 1964/65–1971/72
|-
|| 15 || [[Rohan Kanhai]] || 1972/73–1973/74
|-
|| 16 || [[Clive Lloyd]] || 1974/75–1977/78, 1979/80–1984/85
|-
|| 17 || [[Alvin Kallicharran]] || 1977/78–1978/79
|-
|| 18 || [[Deryck Murray]] || 1979/80
|-
|| 19 || [[Viv Richards]] || 1980, 1983/84–1991
|-
|| 20 || [[Gordon Greenidge]] || 1987/88
|-
|| 21 || [[Desmond Haynes]] || 1989/90–1990/91
|-
|| 22 || [[Richie Richardson]] || 1991/92–1995
|-
|| 23 || [[Courtney Walsh]] || 1993/94–1997/98
|-
|| 24 || [[Brian Lara]] || 1996/97–1999/2000, 2002/03–2004, 2006–2007
|-
|| 25 || [[Jimmy Adams]] || 1999/2000–2000/01
|-
|| 26 || [[Carl Hooper]] || 2000/01–2002/03
|-
|| 27 || [[Ridley Jacobs]] || 2002/03
|-
|| 28 || [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] || 2004/05–2005/06
|-
|| 29 || [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] || 2007
|-
|| 30 || [[Daren Ganga]] || 2007
|-
|| 31 || [[Chris Gayle]] || 2007–2010
|-
|| 32 || [[Dwayne Bravo]] || 2008
|-
|| 33 || [[Floyd Reifer]] || 2009 (due to contract dispute)
|-
|| 34 || [[Darren Sammy]] || 2010–2014
|-
|| 35 || [[Denesh Ramdin]] || 2014–2015
|-
|| 36 || [[Jason Holder]] || 2015–2021
|-
|| 37 || [[Kraigg Brathwaite]] || 2017, 2021–present
|}

==Current squad==
This is a list of every active player who is contracted to West Indies, has played for West Indies since August 2022 or was named in the recent Test, ODI or T20I squad. Uncapped players are listed in italics.

Updated: 17 August 2023

*Forms - This refers to the formats they've played for West Indies in the past year, not over their whole West Indies career
*S/N – Shirt number

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Age
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Domestic team
!Forms
!S/N
!Captain
!Last Test
!Last ODI
!Last T20I
|-
! colspan="11" | Batters
|-
| [[Jermaine Blackwood]] || {{age|1991|11|20}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Jamaica cricket team|Jamaica]] || Test || 27 || Test (VC) || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|NZL}} 2022 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Kraigg Brathwaite]] || {{age|1992|12|01}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Barbados national cricket team|Barbados]] || Test || 11 || Test (C) || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2017 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Shamarh Brooks]] || {{age|1988|10|1}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Barbados cricket team|Barbados]] || ODI|| 13 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2022 || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2022
|-
| [[Keacy Carty]] || {{age|1997|3|19}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || [[Leeward Islands cricket team|Leeward Islands]] || ODI || 96 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Tagenarine Chanderpaul]] || {{age|1996|5|31}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Guyana cricket team|Guyana]] || Test || 30 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{{n/a}}
|-
| [[Shimron Hetmyer]] || {{age|1996|12|26}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Guyana cricket team|Guyana]] || ODI, T20I || 2 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2019 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Brandon King (cricketer)|Brandon King]] || {{age|1994|12|16}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Jamaica cricket team|Jamaica]] || ODI, T20I || 53 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Kirk McKenzie]] || {{age|2000|9|22}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Jamaica cricket team|Jamaica]] || Test || 73 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}}|| {{{n/a}}
|-
| [[Rovman Powell]] || {{age|1993|7|23}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium fast]] || [[Jamaica cricket team|Jamaica]] || ODI, T20I || 52 || T20I (C), ODI (VC) || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
! colspan="11" 52 | All-rounders
|-
| [[Alick Athanaze]] || {{age|1998|12|7}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Windward Islands cricket team|Windward Islands]] || Test, ODI || - || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Roston Chase]] || {{age|1992|3|22}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Barbados national cricket team|Barbados]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 10 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2023 || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Rahkeem Cornwall]] || {{age|1993|2|1}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Leeward Islands cricket team|Leeward Islands]] || Test || 93 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Kavem Hodge]] || {{age|1993|2|21}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || [[Windward Islands cricket team|Windward Islands]] || ODI || - || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|UAE}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Jason Holder]] || {{age|1991|11|05}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium fast]] || [[Barbados cricket team|Barbados]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 98 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|SCO}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Kyle Mayers]] || {{age|1992|9|8}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || [[Barbados cricket team|Barbados]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 71 || T20I (VC) || {{cricon|SA}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Keemo Paul]] || {{age|1998|2|21}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Guyana national cricket team|Guyana]] || ODI|| 84 || || {{cricon|ENG}} 2019 || {{cricon|OMA}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2022
|-
| [[Raymon Reifer]] || {{age|1991|5|11}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium fast]] || [[Barbados cricket team|Barbados]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 87 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|UAE}} 2023 || {{cricon|SA}} 2023
|-
| [[Romario Shepherd]] || {{age|1994|11|26}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Guyana cricket team|Guyana]] || ODI, T20I || 16 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Odean Smith]] || {{age|1996|11|1}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Jamaica cricket team|Jamaica]] || ODI, T20I || 58 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|UAE}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
! colspan="11" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Johnson Charles]] || {{age|1989|1|14}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || [[Windward Islands cricket team|Windward Islands]] || ODI, T20I || 25 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Joshua da Silva]] || {{age|1998|6|19}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] || Test || 35 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|BAN}} 2021 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Shai Hope]] || {{age|1993|11|10}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Barbados Cricket Association|Barbados]] || ODI, T20I || 4 || ODI (C) || {{cricon|SRI}} 2021 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Nicholas Pooran]] || {{age|1995|10|2}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board|Trinidad and Tobago]] || ODI, T20I || 29 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
! colspan="11" | Pace bowlers
|-
| [[Sheldon Cottrell]] || {{age|1989|8|19}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Jamaica national cricket team|Jamaica]] || T20I || 19 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2014 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2021 || {{cricon|SA}} 2023
|-
| [[Dominic Drakes]] || {{age|1998|2|6}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium fast]] || [[Barbados national cricket team|Barbados]] || ODI || || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2022
|-
| [[Shannon Gabriel]] || {{age|1988|4|28}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] || Test || 20 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|SRI}} 2019 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2013
|-
| [[Akeem Jordan (cricketer)|Akeem Jordan]] || {{age|1994|10|18}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Barbados national cricket team|Barbados]] || ODI || - || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|UAE}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Alzarri Joseph]] || {{age|1996|11|20}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || [[Leeward Islands cricket team|Leeward Islands]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 8 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|SCO}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Obed McCoy]] || {{age|1997|1|4}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Windward Islands cricket team|Windward Islands]] || T20I || 61 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2018 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Kemar Roach]] || {{age|1988|06|30}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Barbados cricket team|Barbados]] || Test || 24 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2022 || {{cricon|BAN}} 2012
|-
| [[Jayden Seales]] || {{age|2001|9|10}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast medium]] || [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] || ODI || 33 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2022 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
! colspan="11" | Spin bowlers
|-
| [[Yannic Cariah]] || {{age|1992|6|22}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] || ODI || 59 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2022
|-
| [[Akeal Hosein]] || {{age|1993|4|25}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] || ODI, T20I || 21 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023
|-
| [[Gudakesh Motie]] || {{age|1995|3|29}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || [[Guyana national cricket team|Guyana]] || Test, ODI || 64 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2023 || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2021
|-
| [[Kevin Sinclair (cricketer)|Kevin Sinclair]] || {{age|1999|11|23}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin]] || [[Guyana national cricket team|Guyana]] || ODI || 77 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|SA}} 2021
|-
| [[Jomel Warrican]] || {{age|1992|5|20}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || [[Barbados cricket team|Barbados]] || Test || 65 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
|}

==Coaching staff==
=== Test ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
| Team manager
|[[Rawl Lewis]]
|-
| Head coach
|[[Andre Coley]]
|-
| Assistant coaches
|{{plainlist|
* [[Kenny Benjamin]]
* [[Rayon Griffith]]
* [[Stuart Williams (cricketer)|Stuart Williams]]}}
|-
| Physiotherapist
|[[Denis Byam]]
|-
| Strength & Conditioning Coach
|Ronald Rogers
|-
| Analyst
|Avenash Seetaram
|-
| Media & Content Officer
|Dario Barthley
|-
|}<ref name="CWI">{{Cite web |title=CWI announces red and white ball coaching and support staff for upcoming West Indies Men’s Teams {{!}} Windies Cricket news |url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/cwi-announces-red-and-white-ball-coaching-and-support-staff-for-upcoming-west-indies-mens-teams/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Windies}}</ref>

=== Limited overs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
| Team manager
|[[Rawl Lewis]]
|-
| Head coach
|[[Daren Sammy]]
|-
| Assistant coaches
|{{plainlist|
* [[Trevor Penney]]
* [[Floyd Reifer]]
* [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]]
* [[Carl Hooper]]}}
|-
| Physiotherapist
|[[Denis Byam]]
|-
| Strength & Conditioning Coach
|Ronald Rogers
|-
| Analyst
|Avenash Seetaram
|-
| Media & Content Officer
|Dario Barthley
|-
|}<ref name="CWI" />

===Coaching history===
*1992–1995: [[Rohan Kanhai]]<ref name=coaches>{{cite news|url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/02/07/sports/gibson-must-be-wary-of-the-pitfalls/|title=Gibson must be wary of the pitfalls|newspaper=Stabroek News|date=7 February 2010|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*1995–1996: [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|Andy Roberts]]<ref name=coaches/>
*1996–1999: [[Malcolm Marshall]]<ref name=coaches/>
*1999: [[Viv Richards]] (interim)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sir-viv-is-coach-28-may-1999-82812|title=Sir Viv is coach|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=28 May 1999|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2000–2003: [[Roger Harper]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/roger-harper-52045|title=Roger Harper|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2003–2004: [[Gus Logie]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com.au/cricket/story/_/id/23157622/gus-logie-confirmed-west-indies-coach|title=Gus Logie confirmed as West Indies coach|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 April 2023|date=17 July 2003}}</ref>
*2004–2007: [[Bennett King]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theage.com.au/sport/cricket/australian-bennett-king-is-west-indies-coach-20041031-gdywjb.html|title=Australian Bennett King is West Indies coach|newspaper=The Age|date=31 October 2004|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2007: [[David Moore (cricket coach)|David Moore]] (interim)
*2007–2009: [[John Dyson (Australian cricketer)|John Dyson]]<ref>[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/westindies/content/current/story/316338.html John Dyson named West Indies coach], Cricinfo, Retrieved on 21 October 2007</ref>
*2009–2010: [[David Williams (cricketer, born 1963)|David Williams]] (interim)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/williams-eyes-full-time-job-422691|title=Williams eyes full-time job|date=30 August 2009|access-date=6 April 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
*2010–2014: [[Ottis Gibson]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/feb/02/ottis-gibson-west-indies-england|title=Ottis Gibson leaves England to become West Indies head coach|date=2 February 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2015–2016: [[Phil Simmons]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/phil-simmons-named-west-indies-head-coach-after-world-cup-england-australia-test-tours/2015-03-21|title=Simmons named as new Windies coach|publisher=Cricket.com.au|date=21 March 2015|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2017–2018: [[Stuart Law]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/story/1079821.html|title=Stuart Law named West Indies coach|website=espncricinfo.com|publisher=espncricinfo.com|date=2017-01-27|access-date=2017-01-28}}</ref>
*2018: [[Nic Pothas]] (interim)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com.au/cricket/story/_/id/25325763/nic-pothas-named-interim-west-indies-head-coach|title=Nic Pothas named interim West Indies head coach|publisher=ESPN|date=20 November 2018|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2019: [[Richard Pybus]] (interim)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/richard-pybus-confirmed-as-west-indies-interim-coach-in-spite-of-leewards-protest-1172001|title=Richard Pybus confirmed as West Indies interim coach in spite of Leewards' protest|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 January 2019|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2019: [[Floyd Reifer]] (interim)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cricket-win-reifer-idUKKCN1RN2KZ|title=Windies name Reifer as interim coach ahead of World Cup|publisher=Reuters|date=12 April 2019|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
*2019–2022: [[Phil Simmons]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1452565|title=Phil Simmons appointed as Windies head coach|website=icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>
*2022: [[Andre Coley]] (interim)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/andre-coley-appointed-interim-head-coach-for-tours-of-zimbabwe-and-south-africa/|title=ANDRE COLEY APPOINTED INTERIM HEAD COACH FOR TOURS OF ZIMBABWE AND SOUTH AFRICA|date=21 December 2022|publisher=[[Cricket West Indies]]|website=windiescricket.com}}</ref>
*2023–present: [[Andre Coley]] (Test) and [[Daren Sammy]] (Limited overs)<ref name="Coach" />

==In popular culture==
A British documentary film titled ''[[Fire in Babylon]]'' released in 2010. The documentary featured [[Stock footage|archival footage]] and interviews with several cricketers. The film was written and directed by [[Stevan Riley]] and was nominated for a British Independent Film Award for Best Documentary.

The documentary was about the domination of West Indies team of 1970s and 1980s, widely regarded as one of the greatest cricket teams in the history having not lost a test series for 15 years. It revolves around how the West Indies triumphed over its former colonial masters of [[United Kingdom|England]] and racism in those days against Black peoples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01cqp77|access-date=2021-03-23|website=www.bbc.co.uk|title=BBC Four - Storyville, Fire in Babylon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fire in Babylon: revenge of the West Indies|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/8477945/Fire-in-Babylon-revenge-of-the-West-Indies.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/8477945/Fire-in-Babylon-revenge-of-the-West-Indies.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-23|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Cricket in the West Indies]]
*[[Cricket West Indies]]
*''[[Fire in Babylon]]''
*[[History of the West Indian cricket team]]
*[[List of West Indies Test cricket records]]
*[[West Indies A cricket team]]
*[[West Indies High Performance Centre]]
*[[West Indies women's cricket team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=75 Years of West Indies Cricket 1928–2000|publisher=Hansib|date=2004|first1=Ray|last1=Goble|first2=Keith AP|last2=Sandiford|isbn=1-870518-78-0|url=https://www.sportspages.com/product/75-years-of-west-indies-cricket-1928-2003-2}}
* [https://crictrendz.com/caribbeans-to-host-three-nations-in-a-bumper-home-summer/ "West Indies home summer series"], the West Indies cricket team's 2021 home series.

==External links==
*[http://www.facebook.com/windiescricket Official Facebook page of the West Indies Cricket team]
*[https://www.windiescricket.com/ Official Cricket West Indies website]

{{Navboxes
| title = Titles
| bg = gold
| list1 =
{{ICC Champions Trophy winners}}
{{ICC Cricket World Cup winners}}
{{ICC World Twenty20 winners}}
}}
{{International cricket tours of the West Indies}}
{{National cricket teams}}
{{National sports teams of the West Indies}}

[[Category:Cricket in the West Indies]]
[[Category:Multinational sports teams]]
[[Category:National cricket teams]]
[[Category:West Indies in international cricket|Cricket]]
[[Category:National sports teams of the West Indies|C]]

Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification

2023-10-09T05:04:47Z

BrockKemp6350: 1st Publish of SQTC Page

{{Short description|Science and technology agency of the Government of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox organization
| logo = Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification.svg
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| language = [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| leader_title = Director General
| leader_name = Shri M. Vellaipandi<ref>{{cite web |title=STQC Directorate |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/content/stqc-directorate |website=Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology |publisher=Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
| main_organ =
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| website = {{URL|https://www.stqc.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification''' ('''STQC''') Directorate, established in 1980, is an authoritative body offering quality assurance services to IT and Electronics domains. <ref name=sec012023>{{cite web |title=Standardization Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) |url=https://indiastandardsportal.org/standardbodiecontent.aspx?StandardBodyId=20 |publisher=India Standards Portal |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) Directorate |url=https://in.linkedin.com/company/stqc-directorate |website=STQC |publisher=LinkedIn |access-date=7 October 2023}} {{better source|date=October 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=STQC |url=https://twitter.com/GoI_STQC |website=STQC |publisher=Twitter |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>

STQC delivers these services as a part of the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] for the [[Government of India]]. The primary aim of STQC is to ensure the delivery of quality products and services adhering to international standards at competitive prices, thereby enabling processes within the IT and electronics industry to achieve competitiveness. <ref>{{cite web |title=Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) |url=https://doj.gov.in/organization/standardisation-testing-and-quality-certification-stqc/ |website=Department of Justice |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>

STQC has been serving its mission by delivering a spectrum of quality assurance services, including Testing, Calibration, certification Services and IT and e-governance Training, with accreditation or recognition from national/international bodies for testing & calibration standards. STQC is recognized as the Core Assurance Service Provider in the IT and Electronics sector in India and actively participates in national forums such as the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], [[Quality Council of India]] (QCI), [[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories]] (NABL), and other major industry associations. <ref>{{cite web |title=Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC), New Delhi |url=https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/organisations/ministry-and-departments/ministry-electronics-and-information-technology-meity-govt-india/standardisation-testing-and-quality-certification-stqc-new-delhi |website=The India Science, Technology and Innovation |publisher=The India Science, Technology and Innovation}}</ref>

==STQC's Organizational Structure==
Operating within the Government of India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology jurisdiction, STQC adheres to an organizational structure that optimizes its ability to fulfill its mission - delivering quality assurance services in the IT (Information Technology) and electronics sectors. The setup is hierarchical and cohesive, incorporating a range of laboratories, centres, and key functional units. <ref name=sec032023>{{cite web |title=ABOUT STQC |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/about-stqc |website=STQC |publisher=STQC |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>

The STQC Organization Structure comprises five main units under which the STQC Directorate works.<ref>{{cite web |title=STQC Organization Structure |url=https://egovstandards.gov.in/orgainzation-structure |website=e-Governance Standards & Guidelines |publisher=e-Governance Standards & Guidelines |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> These units are:

#Hon’ble Minister (Electronics & IT)
#Hon’ble Minister of State (Electronics & IT)
#Secretary (MeitY)
#Addl Secretary (MeitY)
#Director General (STQC Directorate)

These are the core structures under these units:

===MeitY: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology===
STQC is an attached office under MeitY, a crucial link between the government and quality assurance services in IT and Electronics.

===STQC Directorate===
At MeitY, STQC functions under the Directorate, forming strategic direction and policies for STQC. They help with e-governance-related activities alongside the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) and ‘Centre for e-Governance’ (CEG) established by MeitY.<ref>{{cite web |title=Centre For e-Governance |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/content/centre-e-governance |website=Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology |publisher=Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>

===National-level Laboratories (NLL)===
#'''Regional Laboratories''': Four regional laboratories of STQC are strategically located across India, namely, ERTL (North) Delhi, ERTL (East) Kolkata, ERTL(South) Thiruvananthapuram, ERTL(West) Mumbai, to provide quality assurance services meeting the specific needs of respective regions. <ref name=sec012023 />
#'''State-Level Laboratories''': Ten state-level laboratories have been established by STQC at Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Goa, Jaipur, Mohali, Solan, Guwahati & Agartala to decentralize services/outreach. <ref name=sec012023 />

===High Precision Calibration Centres===
STQC operates two calibration centres – the high precision centres: one in Delhi and another in Bangalore.<ref name=sec012023 /> These facilities boast cutting-edge technology for calibrating electronic and allied industries and electro-technical and non-electrical parameters.

===Functional Units===
#'''Testing and Calibration Services''': STQC offers a range of testing and calibration services, including Electro Technical Calibration, Non-Electrical Calibration, High Precision Calibration, Onsite Calibration, and Medical Equipment Calibration.<ref name="sc122023">{{cite web |title=COMMON CRITERIA CERTIFICATION |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/common-criteria-certification-0 |website=STQC Directorate |publisher=STQC Directorat |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>
#'''IT and e-Governance Services''': STQC provides quality assurance services in IT and e-Governance, covering Software and System Testing, IT and e-Governance Training, Management System and Product Certification, and e-Governance Conformity Assessment.<ref name=sec012023 /><ref name="sc122023" />
#'''Certification Services''': STQC extends Certification Services for both products and management systems, covering [[ISO/IEC 27001]] Information Security Management System Certification, Product Safety Certification based on IEC Standards, [[ISO_9000#Contents_of_ISO_9001|ISO 9001]] Quality Management System Certification, IECEE-CB Certification based on IEC Standards, Website Quality Certification, Common Criteria Certification, Smart Card Testing and Certification, Bio-metric Devices Testing and Certification, Software and System certification.<ref name=sec012023 /><ref name="sc122023" />

===National Centre for e-Governance Standards and Technology===
To maintain standards in e-governance projects and bring standardization practices in the IT/Software sector, STQC has established the National Centre for e-Governance Standardisation (NCeGSt). The centre has developed a Conformity Assessment Framework (CAF) for e-governance projects, ensuring adherence to the standardized practices leading to Quality Assurance of such Projects.<ref name=sec012023 />

==Accreditations and Recognitions==
STQC laboratories and services possess national and international accreditations and recognitions.<ref name="sc072023">{{cite web |title=STQC ACCREDITATIONS |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/index.php/stqc-accreditations |website=STQC Directorate |publisher=STQC Directorate |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> These include certifications from professional organizations like Raad Voor Accreditatie (RvA),<ref name=secrad>{{cite web |title=Raad voor Accreditatie |url=https://www.rva.nl/en/ |publisher=RvA |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> IEC Conformity Assessment for Electro-technical Equipment and Components ([[IECEE]]), IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components (IECQ), [[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories]] (NABL), and [[Quality Council of India]] (QCI).<ref name="sc072023" /> The two notable IT test laboratories in Bangalore and Kolkata have received accreditation from the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA).<ref name=sec012023 />

==STQC Processes and Procedures==
To enable quality assurance in Electronics and Information Technology (IT), Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) operates a comprehensive range of processes and procedures. These procedures and processes are in line with the roles each centre is assigned to.<ref name=sec012023 /> <ref name=sec032023 /> <ref name="sc072023" /> This organization uses a nationwide network of laboratories and centres to offer a wide variety of services to public and private organizations within the Electronics and Information Technology (IT) space:

===Electronics and Electrical Testing and Calibration===
STQC provides calibration services, such as Electro Technical Calibration, Non-Electrical Calibration, High Precision Calibration, Onsite Calibration and Medical Equipment Calibration. Multiple STQC laboratories have obtained national and international accreditations and recognitions in the testing and calibration sector. STQC has set up specialized institutions like the Indian Institute of Quality Management (IIQM) for quality-related training programs and the Centre for Reliability (CFR) for reliability-related services.

===IT & e-Governance Services (E-Governance Conformity Assessment)===
STQC offers quality assurance services for the IT and e-governance sector, adhering to National and International standards.<ref name=sec012023 /> These services include Software and System Testing, IT and e-Governance Training, Management System and Product Certification (IT and e-Gov), and e-Governance Conformity Assessment.

STQC also maintains e-Governance standards and has set up the National Centre for e-Governance Standards and Technology. The Conformity Assessment Framework (CAF) for e-Governance projects has been developed and is operational, further reinforcing STQC's commitment to standardized practices in the IT and software sectors.<ref name=sec092023>{{cite journal |title=Procedure for Assessment of System and Software |date=1 May 2014 |pages=1-13 |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Procedure-System-and-Software-Assessment-STQC-May14.pdf | journal=STQC | access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>

STQC offers a range of conformity assessment services that evaluate key quality attributes at different stages of IT projects. These evaluations cover functionality, performance, security, usability, maintainability and service quality. Conformity assessment activities occur at different phases or stages of IT projects, such as pilot, pre-go-live and post-go-live phases, within staging or production environments.

The conformity assessment services offered by STQC include:<ref name=sec092023 />
#'''Architecture Review & Audit''': This involves a detailed examination of the architecture of IT systems to ensure that they align with best practices and predefined standards.
#'''Software Application Testing''':
##'''Functional Testing''': Ensures that software applications meet specified functional requirements.
##'''Non-functional Testing''': Includes performance, security, usability and other non-functional aspects assessments.
#'''Information Security Audit & Testing''':
##'''Application Security''': Evaluate the security features of applications.
##'''Vulnerability Assessment''': Identifies and assesses vulnerabilities within systems.
##'''Penetration Testing''': Simulates cyber-attacks to identify weaknesses in the security infrastructure.
#'''Documentation Review (Processes & Products)''': Evaluates policies, procedures and software documentation to ensure they align with quality standards.
#'''Process Audit''': This process covers audits of design, development, operation and maintenance life cycle processes. It also includes audits of information security management processes and IT service management processes.
#'''IT & Non-IT Infrastructure Audit''': The audit process covers audits of data centres, disaster recovery sites, gateways, networks, hardware and facilities (front office and back office).
#'''Service Quality (SLA Compliance)''':
##'''SLA Measurements''': Involves measurement of service level agreement compliance.
##'''SLA Measurement System Audit''': Audits the system used for measuring SLA compliance.

===Comprehensive quality-related services===
In addition to its primary functions of testing and calibration, the Standardization Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) organization runs specialized institutions to expand its comprehensive quality services. One such institution is the Indian Institute of Quality Management (IIQM). The IIQM is a dedicated body that provides training programs in the area of quality. This includes imparting knowledge and skills to individuals and professionals who want to excel in the field of quality management.

Another example is the Centre for Reliability (CFR), a specialized division within STQC that provides services specifically aimed at ensuring product, system or process reliability. The CFR provides focused solutions and support in the reliability space, thus contributing to the assurance of consistent and dependable performance across various contexts.

===IT System & Product Certification===
STQC is a provider of certification for IT products and management systems. It provides a list of certified products as well.<ref name="sec102023">{{cite web |title=List of all IT & eGovernance Certified Products and Service in below Category-wise: |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/certified-it-system-and-products |website=STQC |publisher=STQC |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> Its certification services cover a wide range, including Management System Certification Schemes (such as [[ISO_9000#Contents_of_ISO_9001|ISO 9001]] Quality Management System Certification, ISO 20000-1 for IT Service Management (ITSM), and [[ISO/IEC 27001]] Information Security Management System Certification) and Product Certification Schemes (Product Safety Certification based on IEC Standards and IECEE-CB Certification based on IEC Standards).

In the field of IT and e-governance, STQC offers Website Quality Certification, Common Criteria Certification, Bio-metric device testing and Certification, Smart Card Testing and Certification, e-procurement System Certification (ePS), and Software and System Certification. STQC's certification/assurance services have gained international recognition with accreditation from professional bodies such as Raad Voor Accreditatie (RvA),<ref name=secrad /> IEC Conformity Assessment for Electro-technical Equipment and Components ([[IECEE]]), IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components (IECQ), [[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories]] (NABL), [[Quality Council of India]] (QCI), etc.<ref name=sec012023 />

STQC also has the Rules and Procedures for Biometric Device Certification (STQC/BDCS/D01) guidelines.<ref name="sec062023">{{cite journal |title=Rules and Procedures for Biometric Device Certification |journal=STQC |date=4 January 2021 |issue=01 |pages=1-26 |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/sites/default/files/BDCS-D01-Rules%20&%20Procedure%20of%20Biometric%20Device%20Certification.pdf |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> <ref name="sc122023" /> The objective of this certification program is to enable user agencies to use dependable, safe and secure devices for offline authentication by making available quality-assured biometric devices (for authentication/enrolment) and QR code scanner devices. These certified devices are expected to comply with UIDAI specifications.<ref name="sec062023" />

India, through STQC, is a signatory to the Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement (CCRA) with the Indian Common Criteria Certification Scheme (IC3S) for the evaluation and certification of IT products for security in accordance with CC standards, ver 3.1/ISO/IEC 15408 up to assurance level EAL4.<ref name="sec112023">{{cite web |title=Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Evaluation criteria for IT security — Part 3: Security assurance components |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:15408:-3:ed-4:v1:en |website=ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) |publisher=ISO |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> This recognition allows certificates issued by STQC in India to be accepted in other member countries without the need for re-certification, thus solidifying STQC's role as the certification authority for DeITY/STQC in India.

==The STQC's List of Appointments Rule==
The document STQC/BDCS/D05, specifically known as the "List of Appointments," is part of the Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) framework.<ref name="sec082023">{{cite web |title=IT & E-GOVERNANCE |url=https://www.stqc.gov.in/it-e-governance |website=STQC |publisher=STQC |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> This document identifies and describes the persons and other resources involved in the certification activities carried out by the Certification Body. The roles and responsibilities assigned to these persons are essential for effectively operating the certification process.
The main positions and roles identified in the "List of Appointments" are:
#'''Members of the Advisory Board''': These individuals provide expert advice and guidance based on their experience and knowledge.
#'''Members of Management Committee''': These are individuals responsible for overseeing and managing the strategic aspects of the certification activities.
#'''Head, BDCS (Business Development and Customer Support)''': This leader manages and directs the Business Development and Customer Support unit within STQC.
#'''Members of the Certification Committee''': These individuals are involved in the committee responsible for making decisions about the certification process.
#'''Management Representative''': A designated representative communicates with top management and ensures the quality management system is effectively implemented.
#'''Certification Operations Personnel''': Individuals directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the certification process.

The document titled "List of Appointments" serves as a reference to clarify the key individuals holding these positions. In addition, document STQC/BDCS/D06, "Responsibility Matrix," is referenced as a complementary document.<ref name="sec082023" /> This matrix outlines the responsibilities assigned to each individual listed in the "List of Appointments". It guides the roles and tasks each person is expected to perform within the broader context of certification activities.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{cite report|year=2019|title=Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology — Annual Report 2018–19 |url=https://meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/MeiTY_AR_2018-19.pdf |publisher=Government of India |access-date=6 November 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105233515/https://meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/MeiTY_AR_2018-19.pdf|archive-date=5 November 2019}}

==External Links==
*{{Official website|https://www.stqc.gov.in/}}

{{Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)}}
{{Union ministries of India}}

[[Category:Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)]]
[[Category:Information technology organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Electronics industry in India]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions| ]]
[[Category:Internet in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]

Pranawachandra Deshmukh

2023-10-09T04:42:50Z

BrockKemp6350: Created page with '{{short description|Indian physicist, educator and administrator}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox scientist | name = P. C. Deshmukh | image = pcdeshmukh.jpg | alt = | caption = P. C. Deshmukh in 2021 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|09|12}} | birth_place = Amravati | nationality = 20px Indian | fields = Physics | workplac...'

{{orphan|date=October 2023}}

{{Short description|Indian physicist, educator and administrator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Pranawachandra Deshmukh
| image =
| alt =
| caption = P. C. Deshmukh in 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|09|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Amravati]]
| nationality = Indian
| fields = [[Physics]]
| workplaces = [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] [[Indian Institute of Technology Mandi]] [[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati]] [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati]] [[Dayananda Sagar University | Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru]]
| alma_mater = [[Nagpur University]] (B.Sc, M.Sc, PhD)
| thesis_title =
| website = {{url|https://www.iittp.ac.in/dr-p-c-deshmukh}}
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year =
| doctoral_advisor = {{plainlist| Dr. Chintamani Mande Dr. P. L. Khare}}
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
| spouse = Sudha Deshmukh
| children = Wiwek Deshmukh
}}

'''Pranawachandra Deshmukh''' (born 12 September 1950) is an Indian [[physicist]] and [[educator]], known for his contributions to theoretical atomic physics, collisions and light-matter interactions, ultrfast atomic processes, applications of [[Lambert W Function]] in pure and applied physics.<ref name='researchGate'>{{cite web |title=Pranawa Deshmukh Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pranawa-Deshmukh |website=researchgate.net }}</ref> He has made many contributions to [[physics]] education, including publishing foundation textbooks in classical and quantum physics. He taught [[classical mechanics]], [[quantum mechanics]], and [[collision theory]], and his lectures are freely available through [[NPTEL]].

==Biography==

Pranawachandra Deshmukh was born in [[Amravati]] on 12 September 1950.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

Deshmukh graduated from [[Nagpur University]] in 1970 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] in physics. He then finished his [[Master of Science]] from [[Nagpur University]] in 1973.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

Deshmukh earned his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from Nagpur University in 1979, under the joint supervision of Dr. Chintamani Mande and Dr. P. L. Khare.<ref name='iimAcademia'>{{cite web |title=Dr P C Deshmukh |url=https://iim.academia.edu/PranawaDeshmukh |website=iim.academia.edu}}</ref>

Deshmukh's teaching has focused on [[classical physics|classical]] and [[quantum physics]] which has helped the subject become essential for students of many science and engineering majors. He has mentored many young scientists, seventeen doctoral candiates and multiple undergraduate students. His video lectures are popular on [[YouTube]] and [[NPTEL]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Special/Select Topics in the Theory of Atomic Collisions and Spectroscopy |url=https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115106085 |website=nptel.ac.in |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Special/Select Topics in Classical Mechanics |url=https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115106068 |website=nptel.ac.in |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Special/Select Topics in Atomic Physics |url=https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115106057 |website=nptel.ac.in |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref>

==University Positions ==
Following his PhD studies, from 1978 to 1979, Deshmukh was a [[Danish International Development Agency|DANIDA]] fellow at [[University of Aarhus | University of Aarhus, Aarhus]] in the Physics department and worked with Professor Jan Linderberg.<ref name='iimAcademia' />

From 1979-1980 he was a research associate at [[University of Notre Dame]] under Professor R. Hayes and Professor W. R. Johnson. From 1980 until 1983, Deshmukh was a research associate at [[Georgia State University]] and worked with Professor S. T. Manson.<ref name='iimAcademia' /><ref name='researchGate' />

Deshmukh returned to [[India]] in 1984 and joined Department of Physics at [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] as a professor of Physics and continued until 2016.<ref name='iitm'>{{cite web |title=Dr P C Deshmukh |url=https://physics.iitm.ac.in/~new-pages/people/faculty/pcd.php |website=physics.iitm.ac.in |publisher=IIT Madras}}</ref> During his tenure at [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] he was appointed on deputation as Professor of Physics, and Dean of Academics at [[Indian Institute of Technology Mandi]] for 2009-2010.<ref name='researchGate' />

In 2016, Deshmukh joined [[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati]] as Professor of Physics, and Dean of Sponsored Research and Consultancy.<ref name='iitT'>{{cite web |title=P C Deshmukh, IIT Tirupati |url=https://www.iittp.ac.in/dr-p-c-deshmukh |website=iittp.ac.in |publisher=IIT Tirupati }}</ref><ref name='iimAcademia' /> Since 2020, he has served as an adjunct professor of Physics at multiple universities and as a mentor and cvonvener for Center of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (a joint initiative between [[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati]] and [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=People – CAMOST – IIT and IISER Tirupati |url=https://www.iittp.ac.in/camost/people.php |website=iittp.ac.in |publisher=IIT Tirupati}}</ref>

==Services==
* Visiting Professor, [[Georgia State University | Georgia State University, Atlanta]] (since 1985)
* Visiting Scientist, [[ICTP| International Center of Theoretical Physics, Triste, Italy]] (1988)
* Visiting Scientist, [[Georgia State University | Georgia State University, Atlanta]] (1991-92)
* Visiting Professor, [[University of Aarhus | University of Aarhus, Aarhus]] (1991)<ref name='researchGate' />
* Convener, 11th National Conference of Atomic and Molecular Physics of the Indian Society for Atomic and Molecular Physics (December, 1996)
* Secretary, Indian Society for Atomic and Molecular Physics (2001-2003)
* Senior Research Associate, [[ICTP| International Center of Theoretical Physics, Triste, Italy]] (2002-2009)
* Vice President, Indian Society for Atomic and Molecular Physics (2003-2004)
* Member, International Advisory Committee, Asian International Seminar on Atomic and Molecular Physics (2004-2007, 2011-2016)
* President, Indian Society for Atomic and Molecular Physics (2005-2006)
* Converner, 7th Asian International Seminar of Atomic and Molecular Physics (December 4-7, 2006)<ref>{{cite web |title=7th Asian International Seminar of Atomic and Molecular Physics |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/50904143/7th-asian-international-seminar-on-atomic-and-molecular-physics |page=6}}</ref>
* Head, Department of Physics, [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] (2006-2009) <ref name='iitm' />
* Head, School of Basic Sciences, [[Indian Institute of Technology Mandi]] (2009-2010)<ref name='researchGate' />
* Dean, Academics, [[Indian Institute of Technology Mandi]] (2009-2010)<ref name='researchGate' />
* Visiting Professor, [[University of Western Ontario| The Western University of London, Ontario, Canada]] (2011)<ref name='researchGate' />
* Western Fellow, [[University of Western Ontario| The Western University of London, Ontario, Canada]] (2013, 2014)<ref name='researchGate' />
* Member, General Committee, International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (2015)
* Visiting/Adjuct Professor, [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati]] (2015-2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty List IISER |url=http://www.iisersystem.ac.in/academics/faculty/tirupati/Physics |publisher=Council of IISER}}</ref>
* Dean, Sponsored Research and Consultancy, [[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati]] (2016-2020)<ref name='researchGate' />
* Convener, 7th Topical Conference of the Indian Society for Atomic and Molecular Physics (January 6-8, 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=7th ISAMP Organizers |url=https://www.iisertirupati.ac.in/oldwebsite/events/isamp-tc7/organizers.php |website=iisertirupati.ac.in |publisher=IISER }}</ref>
* Convener, AAMOS20 - Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences 2020 (December 14-18, 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisertirupati.ac.in/aamos20/index.php# |title=AAMOS20 Home Page|website=iisertirupati.ac.in}}</ref>
* Member, Board of Editors, Institute of Physics Journal - [[Physica Scripta]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial Board List |url=https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/journals/physica-scripta/editorial-board/ |website=iop.org }}</ref>
* Mentor and Convener, CAMOST, a joint initiative of [[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati]] and [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati]] (since 2020)

==Publications==

===Books and monographs===
*''Foundations of Classical Mechanics'', Cambridge University Press (2019), [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/foundations-of-classical-mechanics/BB4EA94B37ED8A047F2801A39AA7D58E Foundation of Classical Mechanics]
*''Quantum Mechanics – Formalism, Methodologies, and Applications'', Cambridge University Press (2023) [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/quantum-mechanics/FA37430D75C799C2A1038C9D4C003891 Quantum Mechanics – Formalism, Methodologies, and Applications]

===Selected bibliography===
*{{cite journal |first1=P C |last1=Deshmukh |first2=A |last2=Mandal |first3=S |last3=Saha |first4=A S |last4=Kheifets |first5=V K |last5=Dolmatov |title=Attosecond time delay in the photoionization of endohedral atoms A@C60 : A probe of confinement resonances |journal=Physical Review A |date=May 2014 |volume=89 |issue=5 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.89.053424 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Banerjee |first1=Sourav |last2=Deshmukh |first2=Pranawa C. |last3=Dolmatov |first3=Valeriy K |last4=Manson |first4=Steven T |last5=Kheifets |first5=A S |title=Strong dependence of photoionization time delay on energy and angle in the neighborhood of Fano resonances |date=Jan 2019 |journal=Physical Review A |volume=99 |issue=1 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.99.013416 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Narola |first1=Harsh Bharatbhai |last2=Deshmukh |first2=P C |last3=Scott |first3=Robert B |last4=Roberts |first4=Ken |last5=Valluri |first5=S R |title=Lambert W function methods in double square well and waveguide problems |journal=Journal of Physics Communications |date=June 2020 |volume=4 |issue=6 |doi=10.1088/2399-6528/ab92d9 |language=en}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Banerjee |first1=Sourav |last2=Deshmukh |first2=P C |title=Time delay in atomic and molecular collisions and photoionization /photodetachment |journal=International Reviews in Physical Chemistry |date=30 November 2020 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=127–153 |doi=10.1080/0144235X.2021.1838805 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=P C |last1=Deshmukh |first2=Aarthi |last2=Ganeshan |first3=Sourav |last3=Banerjee |first4=Ankur |last4=Mandal |title=Accidental Degeneracy of the Hydrogen Atom and its Non-accidental Solution in Parabolic Coordinates |journal=Canadian Journal of Physics |date=June 2021 |volume=99 |issue=10 |doi=10.1139/cjp-2020-0258 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=P C |last1=Deshmukh |first2=S |last2=Banerjee |first3=A |last3=Mandal |first4=S T |last4=Manson |title=Eisenbud–Wigner–Smith time delay in atom–laser interactions |journal=The Europian Physical Journal Special Topics |date=July 2021 |volume=230 |doi=10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00225-7 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=P C |last1=Deshmukh |first2=S T |last2=Manson |title=Photoionization of Atomic Systems Using the Random-Phase Approximation Including Relativistic Interactions |journal=Atoms |date=July 2021 |volume=10 |issue=3 |doi=10.3390/atoms10030071 }}
*{{cite journal |first1=S |last1=Baral |first2=Raghavan K |last2=Easwaran |first3=J |last3=Jose |first4=Arthi |last4=Ganeshan |first5=P C |last5=Deshmukh |title=Temporal Response of Atoms Trapped in an Optical Dipole Trap: A Primer on Quantum Computing Speed |journal=Atoms |date=April 2023 |volume=11 |issue=4 |doi=10.3390/atoms11040072 }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Pranawachandra}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Madras]]
[[Category:Indian scientific authors]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Kartikey Sharma

2023-10-09T03:53:03Z

BrockKemp6350: Redirected page to Kartikeya Sharma

{{orphan|date=October 2023}}

{{distinguish|Kartikeya Sharma}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Kartikey Sharma
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| nationality = India
| education = [[B.Tech]]
| alma_mater = [[Symbiosis International University|Symbiosis Institute of Technology]]
| known_for = [[Graffiti art]], [[Painting]], [[Mural]] Clean and Paint Project 100WallCrawl
| notable_works = Closed Doors, Canvas against Cancer
| website = https://www.kartikeysharma.org/
| module =
}}
'''Kartikey Sharma''' is an Indian [[graffiti artist]] and [[painter]] from [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fulpagare |first1=Sachin |title=जिगरबाज ग्राफिटी |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/career/career-news/graffiti-kartikey-sharma/articleshow/45336535.cms |publisher=[[Maharashtra Times]] |date=December 2, 2014 |language=mr}}</ref> He is known for beautifying various Indian cities with graffiti artworks.<ref name=hindustan>{{cite news |last1=Shetty |first1=Anjali |title=Art is a friend who won’t judge me: Kartikey Sharma |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/art-is-a-friend-who-won-t-judge-me-kartikey-sharma/story-lf8ZY1oDaFZjy1liXbSiBL.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=April 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name=hindustan2>{{cite news |last1=Shetty |first1=Anjali |title=Pune’s Banksy paints up his 100-wall art mission |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/this-artist-is-on-a-mission-to-paint-100-walls-in-pune/story-a7MvGvRFxO7FsZzs5KVBHP.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=October 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Timesofindia>{{cite news |title=Monalisa Kalagram hosts Canvas Against Cancer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/pune/monalisa-kalagram-hosts-canvas-against-cancer/articleshow/63892715.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> His has painted for [[Balewadi Sports Complex]], Maharashtra State Lawn Tennis Association, and [[Maharashtra Open]].<ref name=Mirror1>{{cite news |last1=Rajput |first1=Avinash |title=Art reigns at Balewadi tennis arena |url=https://punemirror.com/others/art-reigns-at-balewadi-tennis-arena/cid5125920.htm |agency=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[Pune Mirror]] |date=February 9, 2020}}</ref>Some of his notable artwork includes Closed Doors and Canvas against Cancer.<ref name=hindustan/> His works have been exhibited in galleries like Colaba Arts, and Monalisa Kalagram, [[Koregaon Park]].<ref name=Midday/><ref name=hindustan/> Kartikey Sharma founded non-profit initiatives like the Clean and Paint Project and 100WallCrawl, which focus on painting walls with graffiti art and imparting social messages with visuals.<ref name=PuneMirror/><ref name=hindustan3/><ref name=TART/>
== Early life and education ==
He holds [[B.Tech|B.tech]] in [[Mechanical engineering]] from the [[Symbiosis Institute of Technology]], [[Pune]].<ref name=Mirror1/> He later pursued a diploma in [[Business management]].<ref name=theTimesofindia/> He began painting when he was in first grade.<ref name=hindustan/>
His father was in [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]. In 2009, he was diagnosed with cancer during his 12th-grade year, and he managed to recover<ref name=hindustan/> He faced a second diagnosis of cancer in February 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Ranjeet |title=Here's the inspiring story of 25-year-old Mumbai artist who is battling cancer |url=http://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/25-year-old-mumbai-artist-kartikey-sharma-battling-cancer-raising-funds-paintings-sketches-news-18528183 |publisher=[[Mid Day]] |date=August 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maurya |first1=Akhilesh |title=Meet this Sharma Ji Ka Ladka who didn't give up his passion of Painting even after the second attack of the most deadliest disease Cancer |url=http://boostthyself.com/sharma-ji-ka-ladka-kartikey-artist/ |website=Boost Thyself |date=August 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Upadhyay |first1=Aishwarya |last2=Bhaskar |first2=Sonia |title=After Being Diagnosed With Cancer Twice, This Pune Artist Got A New Lease Of Life With A Bone Marrow Transplant |url=https://sites.ndtv.com/moretogive/organ-donation-profiles/diagnosed-with-cancer-twice-pune-artist-got-a-bone-marrow-transplant-2625/ |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=November 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lobo |first1=Dean |title=How Kartikey’s using art to battle his illness |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/how-kartikeys-using-art-to-battle-his-illness/articleshow/59371588.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=June 29, 2017}}</ref>
== Work and career ==
In 2016, Sharma founded Jumbish, an art company<ref name=hindustan2/> with the objective of promoting his artwork and creating employment opportunities for fellow artists. Over time, the company served as a platform for approximately 7,000 artists worldwide,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajput |first1=Avinash |title=Of art and tennis |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/sport/others/of-art-and-tennis/articleshow/74038311.cms |publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=February 9, 2020}}</ref> allowing them to showcase and unleash their creative abilities.<ref name=Mirror1/> Jumbish also offered art services including creating sculptures, murals, and paintings.<ref name=theTimesofindia/>

In December 2017, Kartikey Sharma's art collection titled 'Canvas Against Cancer' was exhibited at Colaba Arts in [[Worli]], [[Mumbai]].<ref name=Midday>{{cite news |last1=Sabhnani |first1=Dhara Vora |title=Artist combats cancer with the help of his paintbrush |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/artist-combats-cancer-with-the-help-of-his-paintbrush-18856196 |publisher=[[Mid Day]] |date=December 26, 2017}}</ref> The collection comprised 26 artworks that served as documentation of his journey through cancer. In April 2018, the Monalisa Kalagram Art Gallery hosted Kartikey's art exhibition, Canvas Against Cancer.<ref name=Timesofindia/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Amrita |title=Art for hope |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/lifestyle/art-culture/art-hope-16493 |publisher=The Bridge Chronicle |date=April 15, 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, the exhibition continued with another showcasing at Monalisa Kalagram in [[Koregaon Park]], [[Pune]].<ref name=hindustan/>

In 2018, his company, Jumbish was featured as the Leaders of Tomorrow by [[ET Now]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Direct Connect 64 & Jumbish Creations |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhdUFhqLPSg |publisher=[[ET Now]] |date=April 17, 2018}}</ref> In February 2018, he delivered a [[TEDx talk]] at the [[Great Lakes Institute of Management]] in [[Chennai]], talking about his journey, his battle with cancer, and his art.<ref>{{cite news |title=Art - From Cancer to Canvas |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WXXP7T_Ap0&t=81s |publisher=[[TEDx Talks]] |date=February 17, 2018}}</ref>

In 2019, Desiblitz magazine included Sharma in their list of 10 Indian Contemporary Painters on Instagram, alongside renowned artists [[Bhupen Khakhar]] and [[Sadhu Aliyur]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lepur |first1=Lea |title=10 Desi Contemporary Painters on Instagram |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/10-desi-contemporary-painters-on-instagram |publisher=Desiblitz |date=January 28, 2019}}</ref>

In May 2021, Sharma, along with [[Daku (artist)|Daku]] and Yessiow, participated in the second edition of the Kannagi Art District in [[Chennai]], organized by St+art India Foundation and [[Asian Paints]], where they painted murals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Second edition of ‘Kannagi Art District’ |url=https://newstodaynet.com/2021/05/11/second-edition-of-kannagi-art-district/ |publisher=[[News Today]] |date=May 11, 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, Sharma initiated the Clean and Paint Project,<ref name=TART>{{cite news |last1=Deb |first1=Rishabh |title=Artist Kartikey Sharma: Our aim is to make 300 murals in Pune |url=https://www.arcattoscana.org/entertainment/events/pune/artist-kartikey-sharma-our-aim-is-to-make-300-murals-in-pune/articleshow/78176502.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=September 18, 2020}}</ref> wherein he painted 100 walls in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] with graffiti.<ref name=hindustan3>{{cite news |last1=Rego |first1=Natasha |title=Pune gets a splash of colour in a 100-walls graffiti project |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/pune-gets-a-splash-of-colour-in-a-100-walls-graffiti-project/story-nctO9O9yboDfLbPFzMGJaP.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=September 20, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinto |first1=Andrea |title=This Pune artist is on a mission to paint 100 walls in the city |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/pune-artist-mission-paint-100-walls-city/ |publisher=[[Condé Nast Traveller]] |date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> In 2020, he launched the non-profit campaign called The #100wallcrawl, with the support of the [[Pune Municipal Corporation]], painting walls with diverse subjects including [[abstract art]], animals, and messages conveying social relevance.<ref name=theTimesofindia>{{cite news |last1=Parekh |first1=Rujuta |title=On 100-wall canvas, graffiti artist paints one at a time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/on-100-wall-canvas-graffiti-artist-paints-one-at-a-time/articleshow/73106552.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=January 5, 2020}}</ref><ref name=PuneMirror>{{cite news |last1=Mistry |first1=Saloni |title=A swachhata abhiyaan with art |url=https://punemirror.com/others/a-swachhata-abhiyaan-with-art/cid5127983.htm |agency=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[Pune Mirror]] |date=October 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=hindustan2/> In March 2023, he was in collaboration with the [[Aditya Birla Group|Aditya Birla Education Trust]] to paint a 3,500-square foot wall with murals focused on [[Mental health]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Art Express – an initiative to address mental health stigma held in Pune |url=https://www.mypunepulse.com/art-express-an-initiative-to-address-mental-health-stigma-held-in-pune/ |publisher=Mypunepulse |date=March 27, 2023}}</ref>

== Art exhibitions ==
{{Expand list|date=October 2023}}
* 2017, Colaba Arts, Mumbai
* 2018, ABC Kalyaninagar, Pune
* 2019, Monalisa Kalagram, Koregaon Park, Pune
* 2021, Kian Gallery, Pune
== See also ==
* [[List of Indian artists]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Kartikey}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Indian art educators]]
[[Category:Painters from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian muralists]]

Prem Singh Rathore

2023-10-09T01:16:49Z

BrockKemp6350: Created page with ''''Introduction''' Prem Singh Rathore is an Indian politician from Hyderabad, Telangana. He has been a notable political figure in the Goshamahal constituency, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) earlier in his career before switching allegiance to the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS). In the 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly elections, as a TRS candidate, Rathore contested against Raja Singh of BJP and secured a significant number of votes, ref...'

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
[[File:Psr 2.jpg|thumb|Rathore in 2022]]
'''Prem Singh Rathore''' is an Indian politician from [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]. He formerly represented [[Goshamahal Assembly constituency]] in the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) earlier in his career before switching allegiance to the [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] (TRS). In the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]], as a TRS candidate, Rathore lost to [[T. Raja Singh]] of the BJP.

== Political career ==

Rathore began his career with the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TD), before switching to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). He was recommended by [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for a ticket from the Maharajganj constituency in Hyderabad, later known as [[Goshamahal Assembly constituency]] post-delimitation, during the [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election |1999 elections]]. He secured a victory in the 1999 elections as a BJP candidate, and his tenure saw him credited with ushering in development within the constituency.<ref name="hope">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/011023/prem-singh-rathore-brs-hope-goshamahal.html|title= Prem Singh Rathore likely BRS hope for Goshamahal |date=1 October 2023|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

In 2016, Rathore switched allegiance to the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), now known as [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (BRS).
[[File:PSR KCR.jpg|thumb|Prem Singh Rathore in 2018 with CM of Telangana KCR]]

Rathore was appointed as the chairman of the Musi Riverfront Development Corporation by Chief Minister [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] (KCR).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2018-07-18/TRS-finds-Prem-Singh-a-strong-contender-for-Goshamahal-seat/399007|title=TRS finds Prem Singh a strong contender for Goshamahal seat|first=Md|last=Nizamuddin|date=July 18, 2018|work=The Hans India}}</ref> This position, holding a Cabinet ministerial rank, gave Rathore the responsibility of overseeing the development and beautification of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi riverfront]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2018-06-21/TS-Govt-to-remove-encroachments-from-Musi-River/391172|title=TS Govt to remove encroachments from Musi River|first=|last=|date=June 22, 2018|work=The Hans India}}</ref>

His candidacy in the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] marked a significant upswing for the BRS in Goshamahal, transitioning it from a marginal presence to a notable power in the constituency.<ref name="hope"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India-politician-stub}}

[[Category:Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Bengal cricket team

2023-10-06T14:45:20Z

BrockKemp6350: A citation added

{{short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Bengal cricket team
| image =
| captain = [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] (FC) [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]] (List A & T20)
| coach = [[Laxmi Ratan Shukla]]
| colours = {{color box|#27408B}} Dark Blue {{color box|Yellow}} Yellow
| owner = [[Cricket Association of Bengal]]
| founded = 1889
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]]
| capacity = 66,349<ref name=bcci17>{{cite web|title=EDEN GARDENS, KOLKATA|url=http://www.bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/community/venues/venue/4d1dcac36bcb9|work=BCCI|publisher=Board of Cricket Control in India|access-date=17 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730150108/http://www.bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/community/venues/venue/4d1dcac36bcb9|archive-date=30 July 2013}}</ref>
| first_fc = [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]
| first_fc_year = 1935
| first_fc_venue = [[Eden Gardens|Eden Gardens, Calcutta]]
| title1 = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| title1wins = 2
| title2 = [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| title2wins = 1
| title3 = [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]
| title3wins = 1
| website = [http://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/ CAB]
}}

The '''Bengal cricket team''' represents the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]] in domestic [[first-class cricket]]. It is considered Eastern India's strongest [[cricket]] team. The team plays its home matches at the historic [[Eden Gardens]] in [[Kolkata]]. Bengal has won two [[Ranji Trophy]] victories and has been runner-up a total of 13 times.<ref>[http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/IND/RANJI_WINNERS.html Ranji Trophy Winners]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/cricket|title=Sports of West Bengal — Cricket|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709130840/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/cricket|archive-date=9 July 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref>

Bengal won the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]], also known as the Ranji One Day Trophy, in 2012. Under the captaincy of [[Sourav Ganguly]], it beat [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] in the finals at the [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], Delhi on 12 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indiandomestic2010/engine/match/526378.html |title=Final: Bengal v Mumbai at Delhi, Mar 12, 2012 | Cricket Scorecard |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=2013-06-12}}</ref>

==Competition history==
Bengal's first success came in the third Ranji Trophy season (1936/37), in which it came runners-up to Nawanagar. Two years later, in 1938, it beat Southern Punjab in the final of the Ranji Trophy to become the 4th team to hold the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|title=Chronology of Important Sports Events — West Bengal|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013092944/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|archive-date=13 October 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref> For the next 51 years, although it had been runner-up 11 times (including the year before), it did not regain the title until it beat a strong Delhi team in the 1990 final.

The team was runner-up twice consecutively in the 2005–06 and the 2006–07 season. Their ranks are occasionally bolstered by the return of [[Sourav Ganguly]] to the domestic competition.

[[File:Sourav Ganguly crop.jpg|thumb|[[Sourav Ganguly]] has played both for Bengal in state level and for India in international matches, and also captained [[India national cricket team|India]] for five years. |alt=A middle-aged man stands to wear a white long-sleeved shirt and white trousers, while he has sunglasses resting on a cap that is on his head. Green grass and a boundary line are in the background.]]

=== Best performances in Ranji Trophy ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ''Year'' !! ''Result''
|-
| ''2022–23'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''2019–20'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
|''2006–07'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''2005–06'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1993–94'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1989–90'' || '''''Winners'''''
|-
| ''1988–89'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1971–72'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1968–69'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1958–59'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1955–56'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1952–53'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1943–44'' || ''Runners' Up''
|-
| ''1938–39'' || '''''Winners'''''
|-
| ''1936–37'' || ''Runners' Up''
|}

=== Best performances in Vijay Hazare Trophy ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ''Year'' !! ''Position''
|-
| ''2016–17'' || ''Runners'-up''
|-
| ''2011–12'' || '''''Winners'''''
|-
| ''2009–10'' || ''Runners'-up''
|-
| ''2008–09'' || ''Runners'-up''
|-
| ''2007–08'' || ''Runners'-up''
|}

=== Best performances in Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ''Year'' !! ''Position''
|-
| ''2010–11'' || '''''Winners'''''
|}

==Famous players==
{{main article|List of Bengal cricketers}}

;Players who represented India
[[Image:Manoj Tiwary fielding.jpg|right|200px|[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]|thumb]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Test !! ODI !! T20
|-
| [[Ambar Roy]] || 4 || 0
|
|-
| [[Arun Lal]] || 16 || 13
|
|-
| [[Ashok Dinda]] || 0 || 13
|9
|-
|-
| [[Deep Dasgupta]] || 8 || 5
|
|-
| [[Devang Gandhi]] || 4 || 3
|
|-
| [[Dilip Doshi]] || 33 || 15
|
|-
| [[Pankaj Roy]] || 43 || 0
|
|-
| [[Sourav Ganguly]] || 113 || 311
|
|-
| [[Gopal Bose]] || 0 || 1
|
|-
| [[Laxmi Ratan Shukla]] || 0 || 3
|
|-
| [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] || 0 || 12
|3
|-
|'''[[Mohammed Shami]]''' || 60 || 82
|17
|-
| [[Montu Banerjee]] || 1 || 0
|
|-
| [[Nirode Chowdhury]] || 2 || 0
|
|-
| [[Pranab Roy]] || 2 || 0
|
|-
| [[Prashant Vaidya]] || 0 || 4
|
|-
| [[Probir Sen]] || 14 || 0
|
|-
| [[Rohan Gavaskar]] || 0 || 11
|
|-
| [[Saba Karim]] || 1 || 34
|
|-
| [[Saradindu Mukherjee]] || 0 || 3
|
|-
|[[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed Mewati]]
|
|3
|
|-
| [[Subrata Guha]] || 4 || 0
|
|-
|-
|'''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || 40 || 9
|
|-
| [[Utpal Chatterjee]] || 0 || 3
|
|-
| [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]]
|
|
|}

==Home ground==
* [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]] – The second largest stadium in the world and also the home ground of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
* [[Jadavpur University Campus Ground]], [[Jadavpur]]- It has been leased out to the Cricket Association of Bengal and it often plays host to inter- and intra state cricket matches.
* [[Bengal Cricket Academy]], [[Kalyani, India|Kalyani]]
* Deshbandu Park, [[North Kolkata]] – hosted matches of Vinoo Mankad Trophy, [[Cooch Behar Trophy]], Vijay Merchant Trophy and Polly Umrigar Trophy

== Current squad ==
Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
!| Name
!| Birth date
!| Batting style
!| Bowling style
!| Note
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| [[Sudip Gharami]] || {{birth date and age|1999|3|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]] || {{birth date and age|1995|9|6|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || '''List A and Twenty20 Captain'''
|-
| [[Anustup Majumdar]] || {{birth date and age|1984|4|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
| [[Ritwik Roy Chowdhury]] || {{birth date and age|1995|11|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Koushik Ghosh]] || {{birth date and age|1992|10|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Abhishek Das (cricketer)|Abhishek Das]] || {{birth date and age|1990|9|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| Ranjot Khaira || {{birth date and age|1998|10|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| '''[[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]]''' || {{birth date and age|1994|12|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || Plays for '''[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| '''[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]''' || {{birth date and age|1985|11|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || '''First-class Captain'''
|-
| Karan Lal || {{birth date and age|2000|10|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Sayan Mondal]] || {{birth date and age|1989|11|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| Abhishek Porel || {{birth date and age|2002|10|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || || Plays for '''[[Delhi Capitals]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Agniv Pan]] || {{birth date and age|1997|1|1|df=y}} || Left-handed || ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin Bowlers
|-
| [[Pradipta Pramanik]] || {{birth date and age|1998|10|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| [[Writtick Chatterjee]] || {{birth date and age|1992|9|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace Bowlers
|-
| '''[[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]]''' || {{birth date and age|1993|10|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Plays for '''[[Delhi Capitals]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Akash Deep]] || {{birth date and age|1996|12|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Plays for '''[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Ishan Porel]] || {{birth date and age|1998|9|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|-
| Geet Puri || {{birth date and age|1994|9|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| Akash Ghatak || {{birth date and age|1996|10|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| Ravi Kumar || {{birth date and age|2003|10|29|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| '''[[Mohammed Shami]]''' || {{birth date and age|1990|3|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || Plays for '''[[Gujarat Titans]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|}

''Updated as on 16 February 2023''

==See also==
* [[Cricket Association of Bengal]]
* [[List of Cricket Association of Bengal Presidents]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/IND/RANJI_WINNERS.html Ranji Trophy winners]
* [http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indiandomestic2009/engine/records/index.html?id=2009%2F10;team=1623;type=season Bengal cricket team; records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127172402/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indiandomestic2009/engine/records/index.html?id=2009%2F10;team=1623;type=season |date=27 November 2011 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111204230336/http://tvc2.com/news/saurav-ganguly-made-135-runs-vs-haryana-in-ranji-trophy-201112-video-191.html Saurav Ganguly made 135 runs vs Haryana in Ranji Trophy]

{{Ranji Trophy}}
{{West Bengal Sports}}
{{Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengal Cricket Team}}
[[Category:Indian first-class cricket teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 1889]]

History of cricket in India to 1918

2023-10-05T08:09:56Z

BrockKemp6350: Addition

{{Short description|Historical account}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2021}}
The sport of [[cricket]] was introduced to the [[Indian subcontinent]] by sailors and traders of the [[East India Company|English East India Company]] in the 17th and 18th centuries. The earliest known record of cricket in India dates from 1721 and the first club had been founded by 1792. In the 1886 and 1888 summer seasons, the [[Parsees cricket team]] toured England. In the winter of 1889–90, a team of English players was the first to tour India, followed by another in the 1892–93 season. That tour coincided with the beginning of competitive cricket in the country as the Parsees won the prestigious Bombay Presidency Match against the [[Europeans cricket team]]. By 1912–13, the tournament had become the Bombay Quadrangular with the addition of the [[Hindus cricket team]] and the [[Muslims cricket team]]. Similar tournaments began soon afterwards in [[Calcutta]] and [[Madras]]. By the end of 1918, [[first-class cricket]] was established in India.

==Early developments==
The entire history of cricket in [[the subcontinent]] (including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) as a whole is based on the existence and development of the [[British Raj]] via the [[East India Company]]. On 31 December 1600, [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] granted a [[Royal Charter]] to the [[East India Company|English East India Company]], often colloquially referred to as "John Company".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=John |title=Charters Relating to the East India Company – From 1600 to 1761 |date=1887 |publisher=R. Hill, Government of Madras (British India) |location=Chennai |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3t0TAAAAQAAJ |access-date=26 August 2022 |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019121224/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Charters_Relating_to_the_East_India_Comp/3t0TAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carey |first1=W. H. |title=1882 – The Good Old Days of Honourable John Company |date=1882 |publisher=Argus Press |location=Simla |url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/texts/empire/good/1882good.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225934/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/texts/empire/good/1882good.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was initially a joint-stock company that sought trading privileges in India and the East Indies, but the Royal Charter effectively gave it a 21-year monopoly on all trade in the region. In time, the East India Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution in 1858 following the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]. The East India Company was the means by which cricket was introduced into India.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

In 1639, the Company effectively founded the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), and in 1661 acquired [[Portuguese India|Portuguese territory]] on the west coast of India that included [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]). In 1690, an Anglo-Mughal treaty allowed English merchants to establish a trading settlement on the [[Hooghly River]], which became [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]). All of these places became leading centres of cricket as the popularity of the game grew among the native population.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

The British had brought cricket to India by the early 1700s, and the first documented instance of cricket being played anywhere in the sub-continent is a report of English sailors of the East India Company written in 1737. It refers to cricket being played at [[Cambay]], near [[Baroda]] in 1721.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} It was played and adopted by the [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]]. Sea [[Piracy|pirates]] among the Kolis had looted British ships. The East India Company tried to befriend them and, among other things, introduced them to cricket.<ref>{{cite book |last=Downing |first=Clement |title=A History of the Indian Wars |year=1978 |page=189 |oclc=5905776}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Drew |first=John |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |publisher=The Daily Star |location=Dhaka |date=2021-12-06 |access-date=2021-12-06 |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318153805/https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club]] was known to be in existence by 1792,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|title=Chronology of Important Sports Events — West Bengal|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013092944/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|archive-date=13 October 2022|location=Kolkata}}</ref> but was possibly founded more than a decade earlier.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzztribe.news/the-oldest-cricket-clubs-in-the-world/|title=The oldest Cricket Clubs in the world {{!}} The pride of sport and the spirit are still alive|date=5 August 2022|access-date=19 October 2022|website=www.buzztribe.news|publisher=Buzztribe News|first=Nirtika|last=Pandita|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019123309/https://www.buzztribe.news/the-oldest-cricket-clubs-in-the-world/|archive-date=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/e_kolkata/2013/november/anache_kanache.html|title=আনাচে–কানাচে: ময়দান ও ক্লাব {{!}} ক্যালকাটা ক্রিকেট অ্যান্ড ফুটবল ক্লাব (সিসিএফসি)|first1=Joydeep|last1=Banerjee|first2=Rajat|last2=Karmakar|website=archives.anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn|trans-title=Maidan & Club: Calcutta Cricket and Football Club (CCFC)|location=Kolkata|agency=|date=21 November 2013|access-date=19 October 2022|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206190523/http://archives.anandabazar.com/e_kolkata/2013/november/anache_kanache.html}}</ref> In 1799, another club was formed at [[Seringapatam]] in south India after the successful British siege and the defeat of [[Tipu Sultan]].

==Beginning of first-class cricket==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
In 1864, a Madras v. Calcutta match was arguably the start of [[first-class cricket]] in India. Indian elites quickly adopted the game, both playing with British teams and with one another.

The most important fixture in the 19th century was the Bombay Presidency Match which evolved, first, into the Bombay Triangular and then into the [[Bombay Quadrangular]]. The match was first played in 1877 and then intermittently for several seasons until finally being given first-class status in 1892–93.

An English team led by [[George Vernon (cricketer)|George Vernon]] in 1889–90 was the first foreign team to tour India but none of the matches that it played are considered first-class.

The first Indian community which started playing cricket were the Parsees in 1848. By 1892, they became proficient enough to play the Presidency matches against the Europeans.

First-class cricket definitely began in the 1892–93 season with two [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] v [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]] matches, at Bombay (match drawn) and Poona (Parsees won by 3 wickets). In the same season, [[Lord Hawke]] captained an English team that played four first-class matches including a game against "All India" on 26–28 January 1893.

Gradually, with the passage of time other communities also started playing cricket. The Hindus started playing first-class cricket in 1907. The tournament became the Triangular tournament. In 1912, the Muslims also entered the arena of first-class cricket. The tournament was then called the Quadrangular Tournament, with four teams – the Europeans, the Parsees, The Hindus and the Muslims – playing each other.

==Domestic cricket==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
===Bombay Presidency winners===
* 1892–93: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1893–94: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1894–95: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1895–96: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1896–97: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1897–98: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1898–99: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1899–1900: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1900–01: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1901–02: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1902–03: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1903–04: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1904–05: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1905–06: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1906–07: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Triangular winners===
* 1907–08: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1908–09: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1909–10: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1910–11: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1911–12: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]

===Bombay Quadrangular winners===
* 1912–13: [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1913–14: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1914–15: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1915–16: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1916–17: [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1917–18: [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]

==International cricket==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
The first Indian ventures into international cricket were by the [[Parsees cricket team]] which toured England twice in the 1880s. English amateur teams visited India in 1889–90 and 1892–93.

===Parsees in England, 1886===
{{main|Parsee cricket team in England in 1886}}

===Parsees in England, 1888===
{{main|Parsee cricket team in England in 1888}}

===G. F. Vernon's XI in India, 1889–90===
{{main|G. F. Vernon's XI cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1889–90}}
An English cricket team led by [[George Vernon (cricketer)|G. F. Vernon]] toured Ceylon and India in the winter of 1889–90. The team played no first-class matches but it was a pioneering tour being the first visit by an English team to India and the second to Ceylon. In all, the team played 13 matches of which 10 were won, 1 was lost and 2 drawn.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

===Lord Hawke's XI in India, 1892–93===
{{main|Lord Hawke's XI cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1892–93}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* [[Mihir Bose]], ''A History of Indian Cricket'', Andre-Deutsch, 1990
* [[Ramachandra Guha]], ''A Corner of a Foreign Field – An Indian History of a British Sport'', Picador, 2001

==Further reading==
* [[Rowland Bowen]], ''Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development'', Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1970
* [[Vasant Raiji]], ''India's Hambledon Men'', Tyeby Press, 1986
*{{cite web|url=http://wotweb.com/wot-article/ccfc-%E2%88%92-225-still-counting/|title=CCFC − 225 AND STILL COUNTING|first=Reshmi|last=Bose|website=wotweb.com|publisher=Window On Travel|location=Kolkata|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165806/http://wotweb.com/wot-article/ccfc-%E2%88%92-225-still-counting/|archive-date=10 June 2023}}
*{{cite web |first1=Stephen |last1=Brenkley |title=Meet Charlie — from the Bengal branch of the Van der Guchts |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/meet-charlie-from-the-bengal-branch-of-the-van-der-guchts-9194168.html |website=independent.co.uk |publisher=The Independent UK |date=20 January 2002 |access-date=12 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707091257/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/meet-charlie-from-the-bengal-branch-of-the-van-der-guchts-9194168.html }}

{{Indian cricket seasons}}
{{International cricket tours of India}}

[[Category:History of Indian cricket|1918]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1864 to 1917–18|1918]]

Sanju Samson

2023-10-04T16:56:25Z

BrockKemp6350: Using ndash

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1994)}}
{{Indian name|Sanju|Samson}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sanju Samson
| image = Sanju.Samson.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Samson in 2017
| fullname = Sanju Viswanath Samson
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|11|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Trivandrum]],[[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| height = 5 ft 7 in<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mpl.live/blog/indian-t20-fantasy-premier-league/sanju-samson/|title=Sanju Samson - India's next big thing?|work=Mobile Premier League|access-date= 6 September 2021|date= 6 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909045737/https://www.mpl.live/blog/indian-t20-fantasy-premier-league/sanju-samson/|archive-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Off spin|off break]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wisden.com/players/sanju-samson|title=Sanju Samson – Wisden profile|work=Wisden India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906075615/https://wisden.com/players/sanju-samson|url-status=live| archive-date=6 September 2021}}</ref>
| role = [[Wicket-keeper-batter]]
| family = 
| website =
| international = true
|internationalspan = 2015–present
| country = India
| odidebutdate = 23 July
| odidebutyear = 2021
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| odicap = 241
| lastodidate = 1 August
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodiagainst = West Indies
| odishirt = 9
| T20Icap = 55
| T20Idebutagainst = Zimbabwe
| T20Idebutdate = 19 July
| T20Idebutyear = 2015
| lastT20Iagainst = Ireland
| lastT20Idate = 20 August
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| T20Ishirt = 9 (previously 14)
| club1 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2011–present}}
| clubnumber1 = 9
| club2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year2 = 2013–2015
| clubnumber2 = 8
| club3 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| year3 = 2016–2017
| clubnumber3 = 8
| club4 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year4 = 2018–present
| clubnumber4 = 11
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches1 = 12
| runs1 = 391

| bat avg1 = 55.71
| 100s/50s1 = 0/3
| top score1 = 86*
| catches/stumpings1 = 7/2
| column2 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches2 = 16
| runs2 = 296
| bat avg2 = 21.14
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| top score2 = 77
| catches/stumpings2 = 7/2
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 55
| runs3 = 3,162
| bat avg3 = 37.64
| 100s/50s3 = 10/12
| top score3 = 211
| catches/stumpings3 = 73/7
| column4 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches4 = 226
| runs4 = 5,612
| bat avg4 = 28.63
| 100s/50s4 = 3/35
| top score4 = 119
| catches/stumpings4 = 118/22
| hidedeliveries = true
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/425943.html Cricinfo
| date = 3 January
| year = 2023
}}

'''Sanju Viswanath Samson''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Sanju Samson.wav|ˌ|s|ʌ|n|dʒ|u|_|s|æ|m|s|ən}}; born 11 November 1994) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er, who captains [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] in domestic cricket, Kerala Tigers in Kerala Premier League T20 (KCA President's Cup T20) and [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the [[Indian Premier League]].

A right-handed [[wicket-keeper-batter]], he was the vice-captain of the [[India national under-19 cricket team|Indian U-19 team]] for the [[2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]]. He made his India debut in the 2015 [[Twenty20|T20]] international away against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]]. He made his [[One Day International]] debut in 2021 against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].

Sanju started his cricketing career in [[Delhi]] and later moved to [[Kerala]]. After making an impact in junior cricket, he made his first-class debut for Kerala in 2011. He made his Premier League debut in 2013 for Rajasthan Royals and won the [[List of Indian Premier League awards#Emerging Player of the Year|Emerging Player of the Year.]] He scored an unbeaten 212 in the [[2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy]], the sixth time an Indian scored a double-century in [[List A cricket]], which is also the second-fastest double century in the format.

== Early life ==

Samson was born on 11 November 1994<ref name="bd2">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-from-virat-kohli-to-david-miller-cricketers-wish-sanju-samson-happy-birthday-2855884|title=From Virat Kohli to David Miller, cricketers wish Sanju Samson happy birthday|work=DNA India|access-date=11 November 2020|date=11 November 2020}}</ref> into a [[Malayali]] Christian family<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2014/may/17/KRLCC-Awards-Announced-613807.html|title=KRLCC Awards Announced|work=New Indian Express|access-date=15 September 2021|date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211090944/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2014/may/17/KRLCC-Awards-Announced-613807.html|archive-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> in [[Pulluvila]], a coastal village near [[Vizhinjam]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district of [[Kerala]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/425943.html|title=Sanju Samson – Cricinfo Profile|date=3 November 2011|work=ESPN Cricinfo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909052208/https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sanju-samson-425943|archive-date=9 September 2021|first=Amol|last=Karhadkar}}</ref> His father, Samson Viswanath, was formerly a police constable at [[Delhi Police]] and a retired football player who has represented [[Delhi football team|Delhi]] in [[Santhosh Trophy]]<ref name="FindofIPL">{{cite web| url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ipls-new-find-sanju-samson-a-viswanath-in-him|work=Sportskeeda|title= IPL's new find Sanju Samson: a Viswanath in him?|access-date=18 April 2013|date=18 April 2013}}</ref> and his mother, Ligy Viswanath is a housewife.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sanju-viswanathan-samson-india-vs-england-odi-coastal-village-celebrates-203006-2014-08-06|title=How Kerala boy Sanju Samson made it to Team India|work=[[India Today]]|author=J Binduraj|access-date=6 August 2014|date=6 August 2014}}</ref> His elder brother Saly Samson has represented [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] in Junior cricket<ref name="SanjuESPN">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sanju-samson-grabs-his-biggest-chance-to-shine-633829|work=ESPN Cricinfo|title=Sanju Samson grabs his biggest chance to shine|access-date=25 April 2021|first=Amol|last=Karhadkar|date=3 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/182/182684/182684.html|work=Cricket Archive|title=Saly Samson}}</ref> and currently works in the AG's office.<ref name="TIMESOFINDIA">{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/when-delhis-politics-defeated-sanju-samson/articleshow/82199481.cms|title=When Delhi's politics defeated Sanju Samson|access-date=8 May 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 May 2021}}</ref>

Samson spent his early childhood in the Police residential colony in [[North Delhi]] neighbourhood of [[Kingsway Camp|GTB Nagar]] and studied at Rosary Senior Secondary School,
Delhi.<ref name="TIMESOFINDIA"/> He trained under coach Yashpal at the academy in DL DAV Model School, [[North West Delhi|Shalimar Bagh]].<ref name="IE">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2018-indian-premier-league-sanju-samson-rajasthan-royals-nitish-rana-kolkata-knight-riders-5143213/|work=Indian Express|title=Sons Sanju Samson and Nitish Rana rivals in Indian Premier League, their fathers old friends|first=Nihal|last=Koshie|date=19 April 2018|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> When Sanju didn't make it into the [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] U-13 team for Dhruv Pandove Trophy, his father took voluntary retirement from the [[Delhi police]] force; a year after he retired from football and moved to [[Kerala]], where Sanju and his brother continued their cricketing careers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/2006-when-sanju-samson-was-not-good-enough-to-make-delhi-u-13-team/story-eWHparC4k6Eif8oawWL1VL.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=2006: When Sanju Samson was not good enough to make Delhi U-13|access-date=8 May 2021|date=7 August 2014|first=Khurram|last=Habib|place=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref><ref name="espn">{{cite web|url= https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/862383/the-tale-of-samson|work=[[The Cricket Monthly]]|title=The tale of Samson|first1=Karthik|last1= Krishnaswamy|publisher=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]|access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> In Kerala, he attended Masters Cricket Club in Thiruvananthapuram<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbull.com/in-en/best-cricket-academies-in-kerala|title=Six best cricket academies in Kerala|date=21 July 2020|access-date=23 September 2021|work=Red Bull}}</ref> before changing academies to train under [[Biju George]] on [[Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram|Medical College Ground, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2020/jul/31/sanju-samson-will-definitely-perform-in-ipl-have-never-seen-him-more-focused-coach-biju-george-2177282.html|work=[[New Indian Express]]|title=Sanju Samson will definitely perform in IPL. Have never seen him more focused – Coach Biju George|access-date=25 April 2021|date=31 July 2020}}</ref>

Sanju Samson graduated high school from [[St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]].<ref name="mathrubhumi">{{cite web|last=Jayaprasad|first=R|title=സഞ്ജുവിന്റെ മനസ്സിൽ ലോകകപ്പ് സ്വപ്നമില്ലാത്തതിന്റെ കാരണം |trans-title=Here is the reason why Sanju Samson doesn't have a world cup dream|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/sports/features/sanjusamson-keralacricket-malayalam-news-1.1254396|access-date=16 April 2021|date=4 August 2016|language=ml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424012100/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/sports/features/sanjusamson-keralacricket-malayalam-news-1.1254396|archive-date=24 April 2021}}</ref> He pursued a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree in English literature<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/amp/gallery/cricket-sports/from-college-couples-to-life-partners-a-look-at-the-love-story-of-sanju-samson-and-charulatha-ramesh-ayh-qlqp3m|work=Asianet News|title=From college couples to life partners: A look at the love story of Sanju Samson and Charulatha Ramesh|date=22 December 2020|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> from [[Mar Ivanios College]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/cricketer-sanju-samson-likes-to-reflect-on-his-life-and-career-at-a-quiet-corner-at-his-alma-mater-mar-ivanios/article24933873.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Sanju Samson likes to reflect on his life and career at a quiet corner at his alma mater has Ivanios|access-date=25 April 2021|first=Harikumar|last=J. S.|place=Thiruvananthapuram|date=12 September 2018}}</ref> Apart from cricket, his childhood aspiration was to become an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer.<ref name="IPS">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/beyond-boundaries/article5614392.ece|title=Beyond boundaries|first=Nita|last=Sathyendran|date=24 January 2014|access-date=3 November 2021|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Youth and domestic career==

===Youth career===

Samson was a member of the U-13 cricket team of [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] in 2007.<ref name="indiatoday"/> In the KSCA Inter-State under-13 tournament, he captained Kerala and bagged the player of the tournament award scoring 973 runs, including four centuries in five matches at an average of 108.11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/8/KSCA_Inter-State_Under-13_Tournament_2007-08/Batting_by_Average.html|title=KSCA Inter-State Under-13 Tournament 2007/08|work=Cricket Archive|access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref> As a member of Kerala U-16 team for the 2008–09 Vijay Merchant Trophy, he scored a double century off 138 balls against [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/sanju-viswanadh-timing-a-dream-run/article6295177.ece/amp/|work=The Hindu|title=Sanju Viswanadh timing a dream run|date=8 August 2014 }}</ref> and finished the tournament as the second-highest run-scorer with 498 runs including two centuries and two fifties.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/11/Vijay_Merchant_Trophy_2008-09/Batting_by_Average.html |title=Batting and Fielding in Vijay Merchant Trophy 2008/09 (Ordered by Average) |work=Cricket Archive |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001225307/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/11/Vijay_Merchant_Trophy_2008-09/Batting_by_Average.html |archive-date=1 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="the Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/sanju-vishwanath-on-a-roll/article945356.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Sanju Vishwanath on a roll | date=11 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214075236/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Sanju-Vishwanath-on-a-roll/article15588844.ece|archive-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> He was also the captain of Kerala in U-16 and U-19 levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/ten-facts-about-sanju-samson-12589.html/page/5|work=India TV News|title=Know the 10 facts about Sanju Samson you might not know|date=4 December 2014|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref>

His performance in the 2010-11 [[Cooch Behar Trophy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/Cooch_Behar_Trophy_2010-11/Batting_by_Average.html |title=Batting and Fielding in Cooch Behar Trophy 2010/11 (Ordered by Average) |work=Cricket Archive |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004140410/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/Cooch_Behar_Trophy_2010-11/Batting_by_Average.html |archive-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> earned him a spot in the [[India national under-19 cricket team|India U-19 team]] that played the [[ACC Under-19 Cup|2012 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup]] held in [[Malaysia]] in June 2012.<ref name="Cricinfo"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/567245.html|title=Sandipan Das, Sanju Samson in India U-19 Asia Cup squad|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> His dismal show in the tournament meant that he failed to get selected to India's squad for the [[2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]] that followed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/under-19-world-cup-2012-prashant-chopra-in-india-u-19-world-cup-squad-570921|title=Prashant Chopra in India U-19 World Cup squad|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was named vice-captain of India U-19 team for the [[2013 Top End Under-19 Series in Australia]] in June 2013.<ref name="U19TS">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/642365.html|title=Zol to captain India U-19s in Australia tri-series|work=ESPN Crincinfo|date=15 June 2013|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> He scored two half-centuries in India U-19's Youth Test series against Sri Lanka held from July to August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8255;type=series|title= Records / India Under-19s in Sri Lanka Youth Test Series, 2013 / Most runs|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In the 2013 ACC Under 19 Asia cup in UAE, he scored a century in the final against Pakistan, helping India retain the cup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8616/report/690617/india-under-19s-vs-pakistan-under-19s-final-asian-cricket-council-under-19s-asia-cup-2013-14|title=Zol, Samson help India claim Asia Cup|website=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2019-11-06}}</ref> He was also India's vice-captain in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/179128|date=10 January 2014|title=Zol, Samson star in Asia Cup victory|work=International cricket council}}</ref> In January 2014, [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] appointed Sanju as vice-captain of team India for the [[2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/atit-sheth-back-in-india-squad-for-u-19-world-cup-709601|title=Atit Sheth back in India squad for U-19 world cup|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=13 January 2014}}</ref> He was the top run-scorer for India in the tournament<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8909;team=1854;type=tournament|title=Records / ICC Under-19 Worldcup, 2013/14 – India Under-19s (Young Cricketers) / Most Runs|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> with a highest score of 85 runs from 45 balls against [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8368/scorecard/700377/india-under-19s-vs-papua-new-guinea-under-19s-23rd-match-group-a-icc-under-19-world-cup-2013-14|title=3rd Match, Group A, ICC Under-19 World Cup at Sharjah, Feb 19, 2014 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=19 February 2014}}</ref>

===Early domestic career===

A double-century in the 2008-09 Vijay Merchant Trophy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/sanju-samson-is-no-ordinary-batsman-says-tinu-yohannan-168452|title=Sanju Samson is no ordinary batsman, says Tinu Yohannan|work=Cricket Country|date=8 August 2014|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> paved way to the Kerala squad for the [[2009–10 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/c/content/squad/429173.html|work=ESPN Cricinfo|title=Ranji Trophy Plate League 2009/10 {{!}} Kerala Squad}}</ref> Then aged 14, he was the youngest Kerala cricketer to be selected to play in [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="CP">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2009/oct/11/enter-keralas-cricket-prodigy-91706.html|title=Enter Kerala's cricket prodigy|date=11 October 2009|work=New Indian Express|access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> He was named in the Kerala squad for the [[2009–10 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/425998.html|title=2009-10 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy {{!}} Kerala Squad (announced on 21 September 2009)|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[First class cricket|first-class]] debut for the side in the [[2011–12 Ranji Trophy]] on 3 November 2011 against [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-plate-league-2011-12-522927/vidarbha-vs-kerala-group-a-522990/full-scorecard|title=Group A, Nagpur, Nov 3–6 2011, Ranji Trophy Plate League|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> and [[Twenty20]] debut on 16 October 2011 against [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] in the [[2011–12 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|work=espncricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2011-12-526256/hyderabad-india-vs-kerala-south-zone-526261/full-scorecard|title=2011–12 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy {{!}} Hyderabad vs Kerala {{!}} Full scorecard}}</ref> He was named in the Kerala squad for playing the [[2011-12 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/vijay-hazare-trophy-2011/content/squad/554153.html|work=ESPN Cricinfo|title=2011-12 Vijay Hazare Trophy, Kerala squad}}</ref> and made his [[List-A cricket|List-A]] debut on 23 February 2012 against [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]] in the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2011-12-526258/andhra-vs-kerala-south-zone-526339/full-scorecard|work=espncricinfo |title=Southzone, Kerala vs Andhra Pradesh- Vijay Hazare Trophy 2011-12 Full scorecard|access-date=23 February 2012}}</ref>

He scored moderately in the [[2012–13 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7546;team=1912;type=tournament|title= Records / Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2012/13 – Kerala / Batting and bowling averages|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref> in which Kerala featured in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dominant-delhi-kerala-make-last-four-622849|title=Dominant Delhi, Kerala make last four|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref> He scored his maiden first-class century against [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keralas-sanju-v-samson-scored-his-maiden-first-class-century-in-the-ranji-trophy-match-against-himachal-pradesh-at-amtar-on-friday/articleshow/17063280.cms|title=Kerala's Sanju V Samson scored his maiden first-class century|work=The Times of India|date= 2 November 2012|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> in the [[2012-13 Ranji Trophy]], as he scored 127 runs off 207 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2012-13-574010/himachal-pradesh-vs-kerala-group-c-574030/full-scorecard|title=Group C, Nadaun, Nov 2–5 2012, Ranji Trophy|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=23 February 2012}}</ref> He was Kerala's highest run-getter in [[2013-14 Ranji Trophy]] season scoring 530 runs at an average of 58.88.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=8307;team=1912;type=tournament|title= Ranji Trophy, 2013/14 – Kerala / Records / Batting and bowling averages|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In his first match of the 2013–14 season against [[Assam cricket team|Assam]] he scored a career-best 211 to bring up his first double century in Ranji Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/story/683671.html|title=Double centuries for Zol, Samson|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=29 October 2013}}</ref> In the second match against [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]] he scored 115 from 281 balls in the 1st innings followed by 51[[not-out|*]] in the second innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/story/686545.html|title=Samson century props up Kerala|work=ESPN cricinfo|date=8 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/story/687327.html|title=Hardeep, Beigh lead J&K to opening win|work=ESPN cricinfo|date=10 November 2021}}</ref> He was named in [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]]'s squad to play in the [[2013–14 Deodhar Trophy]] in March 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/deodhar-trophy-2013-14-649121/south-zone-squad-726509/series-squads|title=South Zone Squad|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> On the [[Australia A Team Quadrangular Series in 2014]], he finished as India A's highest run-scorer with 244 runs from seven innings, with an average of 81.33.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/766817.html|title='Learnt how to bat in middle order' – Samson|first1=Gaurav |last1=Kalra|first2=Kanishkaa|last2=Balachandran|date=4 August 2014|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He scored his second first-class double century in the [[2014-15 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2014-15-775441/kerala-vs-services-group-c-775831/live-cricket-score|work=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]|title=Group C, Kannur, Jan 29 – Feb 1 2015, Ranji Trophy|access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> He was named in [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]]'s squad to play in the [[2014–15 Deodhar Trophy]] in November 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/deodhar-trophy-2014-15-775449/south-zone-squad-802261/series-squads|title=South Zone Squad|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>

===Inconsistent seasons===

Samson was appointed as the captain of [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] for the [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy]] season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/ranji-trophy-2015-16-sanju-samsons-litmus-test-as-kerala-captain-333536|title=Ranji Trophy 2015–16: Sanju Samson's litmus Test as Kerala captain|date=28 September 2015|work=Cricket Country}}</ref> Then aged 20,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/922761.html|work=ESPN Cricinfo|title=Kerala squad for 2015/16 Ranji Trophy}}</ref> he is the youngest Kerala player to captain the state in [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/topic/sanju-samson/ampdefault|title=Sanju Samson|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref> He began the season with a ton<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/top-stories/ranji-trophy-sachin-baby-sanju-samson-hit-tons-as-kerala-take-big-lead/articleshow/49207628.cms|title=Ranji Trophy: Sachin Baby, Sanju Samson hit tons as Kerala take big lead|date=3 October 2015|work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2015-16-901105/jammu-kashmir-vs-kerala-group-c-901709/full-scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|title=Group C, Ranji Trophy 2015/16 at Srinagar on 1 October 2015|access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> but failed to convert it into a successful season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2015-16/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=10281;team=1912;type=tournament|title=Ranji Trophy, 2015/16 – Kerala / Records / Most Runs|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

He started the [[2016-17 Ranji Trophy|next]] Ranji season scoring a 154 against [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name="jk">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/content/story/1060644.html |title=Samson 129* steers Kerala out of trouble |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2016-17-1053433/kerala-vs-jammu-kashmir-group-c-1053477/full-scorecard|title=Group C, Ranji Trophy 2016/17 at Kalyani on 6 October 2016|date=6 October 2016|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> but again failed to impress the rest of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/as-sanju-samson-grows-so-will-kerala-cricket-the-changing-fortunes-that-a-changed-approach-dav-whatmore-brought-4235945.html/amp|title=Sanju Samson's rise from the rut is also the story of Kerala cricket finding its feet, finally|work=First Post|date=December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?id=11519;team=1912;type=tournament|title=Ranji Trophy, 2016/17 – Kerala / Records / Highest Averages|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was issued a show-cause notice by [[Kerala Cricket Association]] for alleged acts of indiscipline during a match in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-kerala-cricket-association-issues-sanju-samson-show-cause-notice-1069983|title=KCA issues show-cause notice to Samson|first=Arun|last=Venugopal|date=1 December 2016|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

===Return to form===
Samson was the leading run-scorer for Kerala in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]], with 627 runs from seven matches.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12014;team=1912;type=tournament |title=Ranji Trophy, 2017/18: Kerala batting and bowling averages |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> In a must-win match against [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]], he scored a 68 in the first innings and smashed a 180 ball 175 in the second innings, helping his team claim a 309 runs victory and quarter-final berth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/99378/ranji-trophy-2017-18-top-performances-cricket-rajneesh-gurbani-mayank-agarwal-vinay-kumar-sanju-samson-cricbuzzcom|title=Ranji Trophy 2017–18: Top Performances|first=Akash|last=Sarkar|date=4 January 2018|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com.au/cricket/series/8050/game/1118676/kerala-vs-saurashtra-group-b-ranji-trophy-2017-18|title=Group B, Ranji Trophy at Thiruvananthapuram, Nov 17–20 2017|work=ESPN|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> Kerala went on to play its first quarter-final in Ranji Trophy history in the season with Samson being one of their top performers.<ref name="five">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21596813/kerala-play-their-first-ranji-knockout-vidarbha |title=Kerala to play their first Ranji knockout against Vidarbha |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=28 November 2017 |access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/cricket/2017/11/21/ranji-trophy-kerala-whatmore-sanju-samson-jalaj-saxena-sijomon-kc-akshay.html|work=On Manorama|title=Kerala reaping the fruits of aggressive cricket|author=Paul Abraham K|date=21 November 2021|access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>

In November 2017, he was appointed as the captain of the [[Board President's XI (India)|Board President's XI]], replacing an injured [[Naman Ojha]] for a two-day tour match against Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/sanju-samson-to-lead-board-presidents-xi-against-sri-lanka/articleshow/61582404.cms|title=Sanju Samson to lead Board President's XI against Sri Lanka|work=The Times of India|date=9 November 2017}}</ref> He scored a century against the visiting team ending the match in a draw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/sanju-samson-board-presidents-xi-draw-with-sri-lanka|title=Sanju Samson hundred leads Board President's XI draw with Sri Lanka|work=Kerala Cricket Association}}</ref>

In August 2018, he was one of eight players that were fined by the [[Kerala Cricket Association]], after showing dissent against Kerala's captain, [[Sachin Baby]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24533211/sanju-samson-13-players-sanctioned-kerala |title=Sanju Samson among 13 players sanctioned by Kerala |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, he scored 91 runs off 48 balls in the fifth unofficial List-A match between India A and [[South Africa A cricket team|South Africa A team]] and was awarded the man-of-the-match award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/india-a-vs-south-africa-a-5th-unofficial-odi-sanju-samsons-91-leads-india-a-to-204-4-888568|title=India A Vs South Africa A 5th unofficial ODI: Sanju Samson's 91 leads India A to 204–4|work=cricketcountry|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19458/report/1197424/india-a-vs-south-africa-a-5th-unofficial-odi-sa-a-tour-of-india-2019|title=Sanju Samson, Shardul Thakur sparkle as India A wrap up series 4–1|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=6 September 2019|access-date=19 September 2019}}</ref> In October 2019, during the [[2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] match between [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] and [[Goa cricket team|Goa]], Sanju doubled his maiden List-A century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/sanju-samson-smashes-record-breaking-double-hundred-against-goa-2343089.html |title=Sanju Samson Smashes Record-breaking Double Hundred Against Goa |work=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd |access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="KerVsGoa1">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2019-20-1196774/goa-vs-kerala-elite-group-a-1200750/match-report|title=Sanju Samson makes Vijay Hazare Trophy history with unbeaten 212|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=12 October 2019|date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116161727/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2019-20-1196774/goa-vs-kerala-elite-group-a-1200750/match-report|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> It was the second-fastest double hundred<ref name="KerVsGoa2">{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/news/sanju-samson-hits-double-century-in-vijay-hazare-trophy/amp_articleshow/71553872.cms|title=Sanju Samson hits 212*, highest List-A score in Indian domestic cricket|access-date=12 October 2019|work=Times of India|date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116162021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/sanju-samson-hits-double-century-in-vijay-hazare-trophy/articleshow/71553872.cms|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> and the fastest by an Indian in the format.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sanju-samson-breaks-shikhar-dhawan-s-record-hits-fastest-double-hundred-by-an-indian-in-list-a-cricket-in-vijay-hazare-trophy/story-nHZB05KbSrObuK2JII1H1K.html |title=Sanju Samson smashes fastest double hundred by an Indian in 50-overs cricket in Vijay Hazare Trophy match |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 October 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref> It was also the highest total made by a wicket-keeper in a List-A match with an unbeaten 212 runs from 129 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sanju-samson-vijay-hazare-trophy-maiden-double-hundred-1608611-2019-10-12 |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy: Sanju Samson sets international record with maiden double hundred |work=India Today|access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref> His partnership of 338 runs with Kerala skipper [[Sachin Baby]] in the match is the highest in List-A cricket for Indian cricket and the third highest in the format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283615.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|title=Records / List A Matches / Partnership Records / Highest Partnerships by Wicket}}</ref> The impact made from this innings went on to earn him a national call-up after four years, as he was selected to play the Bangladesh series that followed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/110495/sanju-samson-shivam-dube-picked-for-bangladesh-t20is-virat-kohli-rested-india-vs-bangladesh |title=Samson, Dube picked for Bangladesh T20Is; Kohli rested |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-sanju-samson-hints-at-possible-return-in-playing-xi-with-cryptic-tweet/story-YomYgFZolj3lA1fqpu1uBO.html|title=India vs Bangladesh: Sanju Samson hints at possible return in playing XI with cryptic Tweet|work=Hindustan Times|date=7 November 2019|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>

He was named the captain of [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] ahead of the [[2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/news/sanju-named-kerala-skipper-sreesanth-returns/amp_articleshow/80029637.cms|work=timesofindia|title=Sanju Samson named Kerala skipper, Sreesanth returns|date=30 December 2020 }}</ref> Kerala played the quarter-finals of the [[2021-22 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.in/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-azharuddeen-samson-half-centuries-led-kerala-to-quarterfinals-as-they-beat-himachal-pradesh-in-pre-quarters/ |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy: Azharuddeen, Samson half centuries led Kerala to quarterfinals as they beat Himachal Pradesh in pre-quarters |work=Inside Sport |date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> and [[2021-22 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] under his leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/cricket/2021/12/14/vijay-hazare-trophy-sachin-baby-on-song-as-kerala-enter-quarterfinals.html|title=Hazare Trophy: Sachin Baby on song as Kerala enter quarterfinals|date=14 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|work=On Manorama}}</ref>

In September 2022, he was named captain of the [[India A cricket team|India A]] squad playing a 3 ODI-series against [[New Zealand A cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-a-squad-for-new-zealand-a-series-sanju-samson-named-captain-u19-world-cup-star-raj-bawa-included-8155208/|title=India A squad for New Zealand A series: Sanju Samson named captain, U19 World Cup star Raj Bawa included|work=Indian Express|date=16 September 2022 |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref> India [[Whitewash (sport)|whitewashed]] New Zealand, with Samson being the highest run-getter of the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/cricket/2022/09/27/sanju-samson-ends-up-as-highest-run-getter-as-india-a-sweep-series.amp.html|title=Sanju Samson ends up as highest run-getter, India A sweep series|work=On Manorama|date=27 September 2022|access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

==International cricket==
===Maiden callup and debut (2014–15)===
In August 2014, Sanju was selected to India's 17-man squad to play in 5 ODIs and a Twenty20 against [[England cricket team|England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-india-2014/content/story/767007.html|title=Sanju Samson, Karn Sharma get India call-up |work=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=6 August 2014}}</ref> However, he did not make it to the final eleven in any of the matches and remained a backup keeper to [[MS Dhoni]].<ref name="Zimbabwe">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150715/sports-cricket/article/will-sanju-samson-get-play-zimbabwe|work=Deccan Chronicles|title=Will Sanju Samson get to play Zimbabwe?|date=15 July 2015 |access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> In October 2014, he was called to the Twenty20 team to play a [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2014–15|solitary T-20 against West Indies]],<ref>{{cite web| title=Akshar Patel included for remaining WI ODIs |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-west-indies-2014-15/content/story/789149.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo (ESPN Sports Media) |date=14 October 2014 |access-date=14 October 2014 }}</ref> which later got cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/west-indies-tour-of-india-called-off-199831|work=Cricket Country|title=West Indies tour of India called off|date=17 October 2014 |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> In December 2014, he was named in India's 30-member probables list for the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/seniors-left-out-in-probables-list-for-2015-world-cup/articleshow/45372608.cms|title=Seniors left out in probables list for 2015 World Cup|work=The Times of India|date=4 December 2014 }}</ref> In July 2015, he was drafted into the Indian squad against [[Zimbabwe cricket team|Zimbabwe]] for an ODI and two T20I matches as an injury replacement for [[Ambati Rayudu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-v-india-2015/content/story/898091.html |title=Rayudu out of Zimbabwe series; Samson called in |access-date=7 November 2019 |work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref> He made his T20I debut against Zimbabwe at [[Harare]] on 19 July 2015.<ref name="T20I">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-zimbabwe-2015-885951/zimbabwe-vs-india-2nd-t20i-885971/full-scorecard|title=2nd T20I, Harare, Jul 19 2015, India tour of Zimbabwe|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=19 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116161011/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-zimbabwe-2015-885951/zimbabwe-vs-india-2nd-t20i-885971/full-scorecard|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> After a top-order collapse, Samson added 36 runs in the sixth wicket, along with [[Stuart Binny]] in a low-score chase. India eventually lost the match to Zimbabwe by 10 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-zimbabwe-2015-885951/zimbabwe-vs-india-2nd-t20i-885971/match-report|title=Chibhabha, Cremer set up maiden T20 win over India|first=Arun|last=Venugopal|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=19 July 2015|access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>

===Comeback and a stop-start career (2019–21)===
In October 2019, he was recalled to the Indian side after four years as a part of India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their [[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2019–20|series against Bangladesh]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27917393/virat-kohli-rested,-shivam-dube-gets-maiden-india-call-bangladesh-t20is |title=Virat Kohli rested, Shivam Dube gets maiden India call-up for Bangladesh T20Is |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=24 October 2019}}</ref> but was benched in the whole series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-west-indies-team-selection-bhuvneshwar-kumar-kuldeep-yadav-return-for-t20is-deepak-chahar-included-for-odis/story-zlUA3N9wQTX56EoRykcRQO.html |title=India vs West Indies team selection: Bhuvneshwar, Shami return as India fall back on tried and tested for West Indies series|work=Hindustan Times|date=21 November 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> In November 2019, he was added to the Indian team for T20I series against West Indies after an injury to [[Shikhar Dhawan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1208233.html |title=Samson replaces injured Dhawan for West Indies T20Is| work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref> In December 2019, he was named in the Twenty 20 squad to play against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28358758/bumrah,-dhawan-return-home-series-sri-lanka-australia |title=Jasprit Bumrah, Shikhar Dhawan return for home series against Sri Lanka and Australia |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> He featured in the third T20I and was dismissed in the second ball, after hitting the first for a sixer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/india-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-t20i-sanju-samson-makes-india-comeback-135544.html|work=My Khel|title=India Vs Sri Lanka 3rd T20I: Sanju Samson makes India comeback after waiting for 1637 days, fails to impress|first=Avinash|last=Sharma|date=10 January 2020}}</ref> He was selected for the T20I series of the [[India national cricket team|India]] tour of [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] replacing an injured [[Shikhar Dhawan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28530612/dhawan-replaced-shaw-samson-new-zealand-tour|title=Dhawan replaced by Shaw and Samson for New Zealand tour|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref> but failed to create an impact with the bat with a string of low scores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket-india-vs-new-zealand-5th-t20i-sanju-samson-s-flop-show-continues-in-mount-maunganui-585255|title=India vs New Zealand 5th T20I: Sanju Samson's flop show continues in Mount Maunganui|work=India TV News|date=2 February 2020 |access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2020-sanju-samsons-challenge-is-to-stay-consistent/articleshow/78280587.cms|title=Sanju Samson's challenge is to stay consistent|work=The Times of India|date=23 September 2020 }}</ref>

{{Quote box
| width = 35%
| align = right
| quoted = 1
| quote = "Sanju was fearless at the top of the order. He tried to take the momentum away, he should back himself".
| salign = left
| source = Virat Kohli on Samson's batting on Team India. —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2020/jan/31/virat-kohli-thought-of-sending-fearless-sanju-samson-for-super-over-but-kl-rahul-opposed-2097194.html|title=Virat Kohli thought of sending fearless Sanju Samson for superover|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
}}

In October 2020, he was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|series against Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30196657/rishabh-pant-omitted-india-white-ball-squads,-varun-chakravarthy-t20i-squad |title=Rishabh Pant omitted from India's white-ball squads, Varun Chakravarthy in T20I squad |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> On 9 November 2020, he was added to India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad, also for their series against Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30284064/virat-kohli-play-only-one-test-australia,-rohit-sharma-added-squad |title=Virat Kohli to return after first Test in Australia, Rohit Sharma added to squad |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> He played all the three Twenty20s but flattered to deceive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/i-showed-the-selflessness-sanju-samson-satisfied-despite-low-scores-in-australia/|title=Sanju Samson on low scores in Australia|work=Cricket Addictor|date=25 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name="News18">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/amp/news/india-vs-australia-2020-brilliance-talent-cant-be-a-cover-for-sanju-samsons-inconsistency-3161369.html|work=News 18|title=India vs Australia 2020: Talent can't be a cover for Sanju Samson's inconsistency}}</ref> He was dropped from India's [[Twenty20 International]] squad for their next series [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|against England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2021/feb/21/sanju-samson-droppedsuryakumar-yadav-rahul-tewatia-picked-for-england-t20-series-check-indias-f-2266772.html|title=Sanju Samson dropped; Suryakumar Yadav, Rahul Tewatia picked for England T20 series, check India's full squad here|work=New Indian Express}}</ref>

In June 2021, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squads for their series [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2021|against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sri-lanka-vs-india-2021-shikhar-dhawan-to-captain-india-on-limited-overs-tour-of-sri-lanka-1265911 |title=Shikhar Dhawan to captain India on limited-overs tour of Sri Lanka |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> He made his ODI debut on 23 July 2021, for India against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1262757.html |title=3rd ODI (D/N), Colombo (RPS), Jul 23 2021, India tour of Sri Lanka |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116162516/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-sri-lanka-2021-1262739/sri-lanka-vs-india-3rd-odi-1262757/full-scorecard|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> He disappointed with the bat in the T20 series in which a depleted Team India lost to Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-tour-of-sri-lanka-sanju-samson-flatters-to-deceive-t20-world-cup-chances-7429331/|title= India tour of Sri Lanka: Sanju Samson flatters to deceive, T20 World Cup chances hang by a thread|date=30 July 2021|access-date=30 July 2021|first=Rahul|last=Sadhu|work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.co/india-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-t20-ruturaj-gaikwad-devdutt-padikkal-sanju-samson-fail-again-as-indian-middle-order-collapse/|title= India vs Sri Lanka, 3rd T20: Ruturaj Gaikwad, Devdutt Padikkal, Sanju Samson fail again as Indian middle-order collapse|first=Akash|last=Kharade|date=July 29, 2021| access-date=30 July 2021|work=Inside Sport}}</ref> He missed out from the Indian squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]], held in October 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/it-was-very-disappointing-to-not-be-selected-sanju-samson-on-missing-out-on-indias-t20-world-cup-squad/|title=It Was Very Disappointing To Not Be Selected: Sanju Samson On Missing Out On India's T20 World Cup Squad|first=Sonanchal|last=Gautam|date=20 September 2021|access-date=9 November 2021|work=Cricket Addictor}}</ref>

===Among the runs (2022–present)===
In February 2022, he was named in India's T20 squad for their [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2021–22|series against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-sanju-samson-back-in-india-squad-for-sri-lanka-t20is-1301954 |title=Ravindra Jadeja, Sanju Samson back in India squad for Sri Lanka T20Is |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> He didn't bat in the first match but scored 39 and 18 in the next two matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/sanju-samson-should-have-played-more-matches-for-india-says-shoaib-akhtar/|work=Cricket Addictor|title=Sanju Samson should have played more matches for India: Shoaib Akhtar|date=5 April 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> In June 2022, he was named in India's squad for their T20I series [[Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2022|against Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ire-vs-india-hardik-pandya-to-captain-india-in-ireland-t20is-rahul-tripathi-gets-maiden-call-up-1320109 |title=Hardik Pandya to captain India in Ireland T20Is; Rahul Tripathi gets maiden call-up |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> In the second match of the series, he scored his maiden half century in T20I, making 77 runs off 42 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-ireland-sanju-samson-hits-maiden-t20i-fifty-in-comeback-match-in-dublin-1967852-2022-06-28|title=India vs Ireland: Sanju Samson hits maiden T20I fifty in comeback match in Dublin|work=India Today|date=28 June 2022|access-date=28 June 2022|language=en}}</ref> His partnership with [[Deepak Hooda]] of 176 runs was the [[List of Twenty20 International records#Highest partnerships (by wicket)|highest partnership for the second wicket]] in men's T20I and the [[List of India Twenty20 International cricket records#Highest partnerships by wicket|highest partnership for any wicket for India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/deepak-hooda-sanju-samson-register-highest-t20i-partnership-for-india-7997088/|title=Deepak Hooda, Sanju Samson register highest T20I partnership for India|work=Indian Express|date=28 June 2022|access-date=28 June 2022|language=en}}</ref>

In June 2022, he was named in India's squad for the first T20I of their [[Indian cricket team in England in 2022|series against England]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-eng-2022-rohit-returns-as-captain-for-t20is-and-odis-against-england-1322566|title=Rohit to return as captain for limited-overs series against England|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> but didn't feature in the starting eleven.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ind-vs-eng-1st-t20i-fans-unhappy-after-sanju-samson-ignored-for-series-opener-against-england-5512165.html|title=IND vs ENG 1st T20I: Fans Unhappy After Sanju Samson Ignored For Series Opener Against England|work=News18|access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref> In July 2022, he was named in India's ODI squad for their away series [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2022|against the West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wi-vs-ind-odi-series-2022-shikhar-dhawan-to-lead-india-in-west-indies-odis-ravindra-jadeja-named-vice-captain-1323376|title=Shikhar Dhawan to lead India in West Indies ODIs|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref> He scored his maiden ODI half-century in the second match of the series. His 99-run partnership with [[Shreyas Iyer]] in the fourth wicket set the foundation for India's victory.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Axar Patel leaves jaws on the floor as India win cliffhanger |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-west-indies-2022-1317885/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-odi-1317901/match-report |access-date=25 July 2022 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> On 29 July 2022, he was added to India's [[Twenty 20 International]] (T20I) squad, also for their series against West Indies, after [[KL Rahul]] tested positive for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123265/sanju-samson-replaces-kl-rahul-for-west-indies-t20is |title=Sanju Samson replaces KL Rahul for West Indies T20Is|work=Cricbuzz|date=29 July 2022|access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> The same month, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2022|against Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/zim-vs-ind-2022-deepak-chahar-returns-after-injury-layoff-for-india-s-odi-series-in-zimbabwe-1326910|title=Deepak Chahar returns after long injury layoff for ODI series in Zimbabwe|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> In the second ODI against Zimbabwe, he scored an unbeaten 43 and took three catches and was declared the man of the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/1030942/watch-zimbabwe-vs-india-sanju-samsons-unbeaten-43-secures-odi-series-win-for-india|title=Watch, Zimbabwe vs India: Sanju Samson's unbeaten 43 secures ODI series win for India|work=Scroll.in|date=21 August 2022|access-date=25 August 2022|language=en}}</ref>

In October 2022, he was named in India's squad [[South African cricket team in India in 2022–23|against South Africa]] for three ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=3 October 2022|title=India's squad for ODI series against SA announced|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555935/india-s-squad-for-odi-series-against-sa-announced|website=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref> He scored an unbeaten 86 runs off 63 balls in the first ODI, but ended up in the losing side.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=14 October 2022|title=Miller, Klaasen, seamers help South Africa earn crucial World Cup Super League points|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-india-2022-23-1327499/india-vs-south-africa-1st-odi-1327509/match-report|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==Indian Premier League==
[[File:IPL 2014 RR vs RCB 11th May 2014 (14179698641) cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Samson during [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014 IPL]]]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; float:right; clear:right; text-align:center; margin-right:15px"
!Season
!Team
!Matches
!Runs
|-
|| [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]]
|[[Rajasthan Royals]]|| 11 || 206
|-
|| [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 13 || 339
|-
|| [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 14 || 204
|-
|| [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016]]
|[[Delhi Capitals]]|| 14 || 291
|-
|| [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017]]
|Delhi Capitals|| 14 || 386
|-
|| [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 15 || 441
|-
|| [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 12 || 342
|-
|| [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 14 || 375
|-
|| [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 14 || 484
|-
|| [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 17 || 458
|-
|| [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]]
|Rajasthan Royals|| 14 || 362
|-
!Total
! || 152 || 3888
|-
| colspan="4"; | {{updated|30 May 2023}} – Source: IPL T20<ref name="IPLT20">{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/rajasthan-royals/squad-details/258/2022/8|work=IPL T20|title=Rajasthan Royals squad - Sanju Samson}}</ref>
|}

Samson was named by [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in its player pool ahead of [[2009 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cricketnext.in.com/news/kkr-sign-four-domestic-players-for-ipl5/64198-13.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304052611/http://cricketnext.in.com/news/kkr-sign-four-domestic-players-for-ipl5/64198-13.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2012 |title=KKR sign four domestic players for IPL-5 : Cricketnext |publisher=Cricketnext.in.com |date=1 March 2012 |access-date=26 May 2012}}</ref> He was signed by Kolkata Knight Riders ahead of [[2012 Indian Premier League]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2012-kolkata-knight-riders-sign-four-new-players-555912|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|title=Kolkata Knight Riders sign four new players|date=1 March 2012|access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> but did not get to play and was released ahead of the [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013 season]].<ref name="11Jan2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/talent-and-temperament-aplenty-in-teenaged-samson-708857|work=ESPN Cricinfo|title=Talent and temperament a plenty in teenaged Samson|first=Nagraj|last=Gollapudi|access-date=11 January 2014|date=11 January 2014}}</ref> He was signed to play for [[Rajasthan Royals]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.com/news/sanju-v-samson-signs-for-rajasthan-royals/articleshow/18356431.cms|title=Sanju V Samson signs for Rajasthan Royals|work=[[Times of India]]|first=Vijesh|last=MV|date=5 February 2013|access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> He made his IPL debut for Rajasthan against [[Kings XI Punjab]] on 14 April 2013 after the regular wicket-keeper [[Dishant Yagnik]] failed to recover from an injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/rajasthan-royals-vs-kings-xi-punjab-18th-match-598014/full-scorecard|work=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]|title=18th match (N), Jaipur, Apr 14 2013, Indian Premier League|date=14 April 2013}}</ref> In his second match, he scored 63 runs from 41 balls, becoming the then youngest player in IPL to score a half-century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2013/ipl-stats-sanju-samson-youngest-player-to-score-an-ipl-fifty-1537389|title=IPL Stats: Sanju Samson youngest player to score an IPL fifty|work=NDTV Sports|date=29 April 2013|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618002530/https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2013/ipl-stats-sanju-samson-youngest-player-to-score-an-ipl-fifty-1537389|archive-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|[[Riyan Parag]] later broke this record during [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019 IPL]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/dcvsrr-riyan-parag-youngest-ipl-50-1517088-2019-05-04|title=IPL 2019, DC vs RR: Riyan Parag youngest to hit an IPL fifty|work=India Today|date=4 May 2019}}</ref>|group=Note}} He won the Best Young Player award of 2013 season with 206 runs and six stumpings from 10 innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2013/ipl-2013-sanju-samson-saves-kerala-pride-as-sreesanth-stays-behind-bars-1536035|title=IPL 2013: Sanju Samson saves Kerala pride as Sreesanth stays behind bars|work=NDTV Sports|date=27 May 2013|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208061810/https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2013/ipl-2013-sanju-samson-saves-kerala-pride-as-sreesanth-stays-behind-bars-1536035 |archive-date=8 February 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>

Samson made his [[Champions League Twenty20]] debut for [[Rajasthan Royals]] against the [[Mumbai Indians]] on 21 September 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2013-14-629521/rajasthan-royals-vs-mumbai-indians-1st-match-group-a-654341/full-scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|title=1st Match, Group A (N), Jaipur, Sep 21 2013, Champions League Twenty20}}</ref> and scored 54 off 47 balls, becoming the youngest player to score a half-century in CLT20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2013-14-629521/rajasthan-royals-vs-mumbai-indians-1st-match-group-a-654341/match-report|work=ESPNcricinfo|title=Royals keep home streak going with comfortable win}}</ref> He was retained by Rajasthan ahead of the 2014 season.<ref name=rr>{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/content/story/708569.html |title=Royals retain Samson, Binny, Rahane, Watson, Faulkner |first=Nagraj |last=Gollapudi |date=10 January 2014 |publisher=ESPN |work=Cricinfo |access-date=10 January 2014 }}</ref>

In 2016, [[Delhi Capitals]] signed Samson<ref>{{cite news|title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2016|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2016/content/story/969473.html|access-date=19 April 2016|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> after Rajasthan was banned from the competition for two years after being found guilty in illegal betting and match-fixing probe.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-33517583|publisher=[[BBC News]]|title=IPL scandal: Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals suspended|date=14 May 2015 |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> He scored his maiden T20 century against [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] during the [[2017 Indian Premier League]].<ref name="Samson100">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1091719.html |title=Samson's maiden ton razes Rising Pune |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref>

He returned to Rajasthan in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]]<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He scored his second IPL century in the [[2019 Indian Premier League|next season]], hitting an unbeaten 102* against [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1175363/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-rajasthan-royals-8th-match-indian-premier-league-2019|title=Samson ton in vain after Warner-Bairstow fireworks |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> During the 2020 season, Sanju scored a 32-ball 74 against [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanju Samson, Steven Smith, Jofra Archer help Rajasthan Royals win battle of sixes|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1216496/rajasthan-royals-vs-chennai-super-kings-4th-match-indian-premier-league-2020-21|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.espncricinfo.com|language=en}}</ref> He led Rajasthan to the highest successful run chase in IPL history with 85 runs from 42 balls against [[Kings XI Punjab]] in the next match.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahul Tewatia and Sanju Samson pull off a record chase in stunning Rajasthan Royals win|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1216527/rajasthan-royals-vs-kings-xi-punjab-9th-match-indian-premier-league-2020-21|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.espncricinfo.com|language=en}}</ref> He played his 100th IPL match, later in the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.jagran.com/cricket/ipl-2020-sanju-samson-becomes-secondyoungest-player-after-virat-kohli-to-achieve-this-feat-in-ipl-10018045|title=IPL2020- Sanju Samson becomes second-youngest player after Virat Kohli to achieve this feat in IPL|work=jagran|date=11 October 2020}}</ref>

{{Quote box
| width = 33%
| align = left
| quoted = 1
| quote = "You're a captain when you're fielding, not when you're batting".
| salign = right
| source = — Sanju Samson on an interview with [[ESPN Cricinfo]] before [[2021 Indian Premier League|IPL 2021]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-sanju-samson-you-re-a-captain-when-you-re-fielding-not-when-you-re-batting-1258096|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|title=IPL 2021: Sanju Samson "You're a captain when you're fielding, not when you're batting"}}</ref>
}}

In January 2021, Samson was named the captain of [[Rajasthan Royals]] ahead of the [[2021 Indian Premier League]].<ref name="Captain">{{Cite web|title=Sanju Samson named Rajasthan Royals captain for IPL 2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sanju-samson-named-rajasthan-royals-captain-for-ipl-2021-1248625|access-date=2021-01-20|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> He scored a century in his first match as captain, becoming the first IPL captain to achieve the feat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punjab Kings snatch thrilling victory as KL Rahul 91 trumps Sanju Samson 119|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/rajasthan-royals-vs-punjab-kings-4th-match-1254061/match-report|access-date=12 April 2021|work=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en}}</ref> He completed 3000 runs in IPL later in the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sports/ipl-2021/story/sanju-samson-completes-3000-ipl-runs-and-takes-orange-cap-from-shikhar-dhawan-srh-vs-rr-match-40-1857944-2021-09-27|title=SRH vs RR: Sanju Samson 19th batsman to complete 3000 IPL runs, tops list of highest scorers in 2021 season|first=Rohan|last=Sen|date=27 September 2021|access-date=27 September 2021|work=India Today}}</ref>

In November 2021, he was retained by Rajasthan Royals ahead of the [[2022 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhoni, Kohli, Rohit, Bumrah, Russell retained; Rahul, Rashid opt to go into auction pool|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-ms-dhoni-virat-kohli-rohit-sharma-jasprit-bumrah-andre-russell-retained-kl-rahul-rashid-khan-leave-1291747|access-date=30 November 2021|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Samson surpassed [[Ajinkya Rahane]] to become the all-time leading run-scorer for Rajasthan during the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/sport/ipl-2022-sanju-samson-now-highest-run-scorer-for-rajasthan-royals/970739/|title=IPL 2022: Sanju Samson now highest run-scorer for Rajasthan Royals|work=The Print|date=25 May 2022|access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> Rajasthan went on to play the finals and finished as the runners-up under his leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-final-2022-gt-vs-rr-rajasthan-royals-captain-sanju-samson-proud-of-his-team-despite-losing-title-to-gujarat-titans/articleshow/91884353.cms|title=IPL Final 2022, GT vs RR: Rajasthan Royals captain Sanju Samson 'proud' of his team despite losing title to Gujarat Titans|work=The Times of India|date=30 May 2022|access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>

== Playing style ==

Sanju is a naturally aggressive and elegant batsman<ref name="InExpress">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/sanju-samson-rajasthan-royals-vs-punjab-kings-ipl-2021-7271532/|work=Indian Express|title=Explained: What makes Sanju Samson a dangerous T20 batsman?|date=15 April 2021|first=Vishal|last=Menon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-rcb-vs-rr-the-thing-that-makes-sanju-samson-special-1316814|title=The thing that makes Sanju Samson special|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/gorgeous-batsman-and-a-gritty-calm-leader-dreamy-ipl-season-accelerates-evolution-of-sanju-samson-7943283/|title=Gorgeous batsman and a gritty calm leader: Dreamy IPL season accelerates evolution of Sanju Samson|work=Indian Express|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> who is hailed as a natural talent with quality batting techniques and wicket-keeping skills.<ref name="Cricbuzz">{{cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/profiles/8271/sanju-samson|work=Cricbuzz|title=Sanju Samson|access-date=6 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/who-after-ms-dhoni-kl-rahul-first-choice-wicketkeeper-ishan-kishan-sanju-samson-give-tough-competition-to-rishabh-pant-3074381.html|work=News18|title=Who After MS Dhoni? KL Rahul First-Choice WicketKeeper, Ishan Kishan, Sanju Samson Give Tough Competition to Rishabh Pant|date=13 November 2020|access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> He holds the bat high on the handle and keeps a loose shoulder,<ref name="INdExpress">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-miss-a-trick-sanju-samson-was-the-best-no-5-option-for-t20-world-cup-8196851/|work=Indian Express|title=India miss a trick, Sanju Samson was the best No.5 option for T20 World Cup|date=8 October 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> and is equipped with fast hands, powerful forearms and excellent hand-eye coordination.<ref name="InExpress"/><ref name="espn"/> He is considered an excellent timer of the ball<ref name="SIFY">{{cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/sports/samson-gets-ahead-in-rivalry-with-pant-but-bias-accusations-are-exaggerated---news-cricket-ujys68hfiijhi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924234344/https://www.sify.com/sports/samson-gets-ahead-in-rivalry-with-pant-but-bias-accusations-are-exaggerated---news-cricket-ujys68hfiijhi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2020|title=Samson gets ahead in rivalry with Pant but bias accusations are exaggerated|work=Sify|access-date=27 June 2021|date=25 September 2020|first=Prateek|last=Srivastava}}</ref> who mostly sticks to his range between [[Fielding (cricket)#Fielding position names and locations|cover]] and [[Fielding (cricket)#Fielding position names and locations|fine-leg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/ipl/express-ipl/2021/apr/14/sanjus-big-bang-theory-2289795.html|title=Sanju Samson's big bang theory|author=Venkata Krishna B|work=Express News Service|date=14 April 2021}}</ref> He prefers to stay still at the crease and rarely moves down the track to play shots.<ref name="InExpress"/> He has the ability to play straight and prefers to hit straight over the bowler's head.<ref name="InExpress"/> He can play aerial shots without moving his head.<ref name="SIFY"/>

{{Quote box
| width = 33%
| align = right
| quoted = 1
| quote = "There’s not much feet movement – only when he has to step out. Otherwise, he stays still, maintains balance and that’s why he manages to transfer his weight well and get his timing right.”
| salign = right
| source = — [[Akash Chopra]] analysing Samson's batting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/south-africa-tour-of-india-2022/ind-vs-sa-sanju-samson-has-fans-everywhere-makes-batting-look-so-easy-aakash-chopra/|publisher=Cricket Addictor|title=IND vs SA: "Sanju Samson Has Fans Everywhere, Makes Batting Look So Easy"- Aakash Chopra |date=7 October 2022 }}</ref>
}}

His power has been compared to powerful stroke-makers such as [[Rohit Sharma]] and [[AB de Villiers]] who can middle the ball to play shots with seemingly minimal effort.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/973823/ipl-2020-time-for-sanju-samson-to-convert-his-spark-into-a-season-of-brilliance|work=scroll.in|title=Time for Sanju Samson to convert his spark into a season of brilliance|access-date=23 September 2020|first=Aditya|last=Chaturvedi|date=23 September 2020}}</ref> His batting style has been described as "fearless" in Twenty20 cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/cricket/2020/01/31/new-zealand-india-t20i-sanju-samson-virat-kohli.html|work=onmanorama|title=Sanju was fearless, should back himself: Kohli|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/sanju-samson-reckless-or-selfless/|title=Sanju Samson- reckless or selfless|work=Crictracker|date=7 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wisden.com/series-stories/india-v-england/sanju-samsons-omission-from-the-t20i-side-is-a-step-backwards|work=Wisden|title=Sanju Samson's omission from the T20I side is a step backwards|date=21 February 2021}}</ref> However, he has a weakness in rotating strike.<ref name="INdExpress" />

He is also an athletic fielder<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/buzz-sanju-samson-fielding-ind-vs-aus-3rd-t20i-fans-cant-get-enough-of-sanju-samsons-sensational-fielding-effort-3157094.html|work=news18|title=Fans can't get enough of Sanju Samson's sensational fielding effort|date=8 December 2020|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand-sanju-samson-saves-certain-six-with-spectacular-fielding-effort-watch/story-xIRiBtsAwidsf2SykCukQM.html|title=India vs New Zealand: Sanju Samson saves certain six with spectacular fielding effort – WATCH|work=Hindustan Times|date=2 February 2020 |access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/sports/india-vs-australia-3rd-t20i-superman-sanju-samson-wows-fans-with-flying-effort-4252364/|title=3rd T20: Superman Sanju Samson wows fans with flying effort again|work=India.com|date=8 December 2020}}</ref> who generally fields in the outfield,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-wicketkeepers-who-are-also-great-outfielders|title=5 wicketkeepers who are also great outfielders |date=1 November 2017|work=Sports Keeda}}</ref> but is flexible to field in any position.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/india-australia-superman-sanju-saves-a-six/20201208.htm|title=Superman Sanju saves a six|first=Harish|last=Kotian|date=8 December 2020|access-date=18 February 2022|work=Rediff.com}}</ref> He has been often criticized for being inconsistent over the years.<ref name="News18"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://caughtatpoint.com/2020/10/08/problems-challenges-sanju-samson-batsman/|work=caughtatpoint|title=When Will It Be The Year Or Season Of Sanju Samson?|access-date=8 October 2020|first=Sahil|last=Jain|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> He has also been often criticized for his shot selections<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/sanju-samson-needs-to-give-himself-more-time-says-sunil-gavaskar/amp_articleshow/86426994.cms|title= Sanju Samson needs to give himself more time, says Sunil Gavaskar|work=The Times of India|date=22 September 2021|access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="InExpress"/> and temperament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/opinions/inconsistent-sanju-samson-needs-to-develop-temperament-indian-t20-league-rajasthan|work=sportsadda|title=Sanju Samson needs to develop temperament|access-date=10 October 2020|first=Rohit|last=Shankar|date=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sanju-samson-finally-begins-to-fan-his-spark-into-a-flame-1143404|title=Sanju Samson finally begins to fan his spark into a flame|first=Sreshth|last=Shah|date=16 April 2018|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=27 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Cricbuzz"/>

== Outside cricket ==

As of 2016, Sanju is working as the manager of [[Bharat Petroleum]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="mathrubhumi"/> In 2018, he started a sports academy, namely "Six Guns Sports Academy", devoted to cricket and football training for young players in Thiruvananthapuram.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/sanju-samson-sports-academy/|work=Cricket Addictor|title=Sanju Samson opens new sports academy in Thiruvananthapuram|author=Tahir Ibn Manzoor|date=2 March 2018|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627203632/https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/sanju-samson-sports-academy/|archive-date=27 June 2021}}</ref> He was appointed as the State election icon of Kerala, ahead of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news-amp.php?id=505601&u|work=Kerala Kaumudi|title=EC asks to remove E Sreedharan's photo from posters, Sanju Samson will replace him|access-date=8 March 2021|date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117034714/https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news-amp.php?id=505601&u= |archive-date=17 November 2021}}</ref> In February 2023, [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC]] announced the appointment of Sanju as its brand ambassador to represent the club and its values on and off the field.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanju Samson becomes Kerala Blasters' brand ambassador, remembers father's connection with football |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/sanju-samson-becomes-kerala-blasters-brand-ambassador-remembers-father-s-connection-with-football-1.8286419 |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

===Personal life===

Sanju announced his marriage with his long-time girlfriend Charulatha Remesh, a native of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], on 8 September 2018 through his social media platforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sanju-samson-marriage-charu-college-classmate-1335873-2018-09-09|title=Sanju Samson announce marriage with classmate Charulatha|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=9 September 2018|date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923040121/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sanju-samson-marriage-charu-college-classmate-1335873-2018-09-09|archive-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> The couple were college-mates from [[Mar Ivanios College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/kochi/sanju-is-all-set-to-open-marital-innings-with-charu/amp_articleshow/65755055.cms|work=[[Times of India]]|title=Sanju is all set to open martial innings with Charu|last=U.R|first=Arya|date=11 September 2018|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117035121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/sanju-is-all-set-to-open-marital-innings-with-charu/articleshow/65755055.cms|archive-date=17 November 2021}}</ref> The marriage took place in a private ceremony at [[Kovalam]] on 22 December 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanju Samson and Charulatha's breathtaking Kovalam wedding: See photos|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sanju-samson-wedding-pics-marriage-photos-charulatha-1415228-2018-12-22|date=22 December 2018|access-date=11 February 2022|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The wedding reception took place in [[Nalanchira]] on the same day with the only notable cricketer to attend being Sanju's former coach and mentor, [[Rahul Dravid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/photos-sanju-samson-wedding-reception-kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-5505521/|title=PHOTOS: Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan, Rahul Dravid attend Sanju Samson's wedding reception|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=22 December 2018|access-date=29 October 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117035407/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/photos-sanju-samson-wedding-reception-kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-5505521/ |archive-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{twitter|IamSanjuSamson}}
* {{Cricinfo|id=425943}}
* [https://wisden.com/players/sanju-samson Sanju Samson] at [[Wisden India]]

{{Rajasthan Royals squad}}
{{Kerala cricket squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samson, Sanju}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kerala cricketers]]
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:West Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]

India at the Lusofonia Games

2023-10-03T04:46:48Z

BrockKemp6350:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NOCname =
| oldcode =
| year =
| date =
| games = Lusofonia Games
| location =
| competitors =
| sports =
| flagbearer =
| officials =
| gold = 38
| silver = 29
| bronze = 35
| rank = 3
| appearances =
*[[India at the 2006 Lusofonia Games|2006]]
*[[India at the 2009 Lusofonia Games|2009]]
*[[India at the 2014 Lusofonia Games|2014]]
*[[India at the 2021 Lusofonia Games|''2021'']]
| winterappearances =
| website =
}}

India is participating in [[Lusofonia Games]] since [[2006 Lusofonia Games|inaugural Games of 2006]]. India is an associate member of [[ACOLOP]], the governing body of the games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/after-six-year-wait-winners-get-lusofonia-games-medals/articleshow/76251592.cms|title=Goa: After six-year wait, winners get Lusofonia Games medals|access-date=17 February 2023|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217180805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/after-six-year-wait-winners-get-lusofonia-games-medals/articleshow/76251592.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://portuguese-american-journal.com/sports-2014-lusofonia-games-launched-today-goa-india/|title=Sports: 2014 Lusofonia Games launched today – Goa, India|access-date=17 February 2023|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217181034/https://portuguese-american-journal.com/sports-2014-lusofonia-games-launched-today-goa-india/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/lusofonia-games-to-be-held-from-jan-18-to-29-in-goa/articleshow/23972244.cms?from=mdr|title=Lusofonia Games to be held from Jan 18 to 29 in Goa|access-date=17 February 2023|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217181211/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/lusofonia-games-to-be-held-from-jan-18-to-29-in-goa/articleshow/23972244.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Overall medal table by Games ==
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
! Year
! bgcolor="gold" | {{Gold1}}
! bgcolor="silver" | {{Silver2}}
! bgcolor="CC9966" | {{Bronze3}}
! Total
! Position
|-
|1.
|| [[2006 Lusofonia Games|2006]], [[Macau]] || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 8th
|-
|2.
|| [[2009 Lusofonia Games|2009]], [[Lisbon]] || 1 || 1 || 5 || 7 || 5th
|-
|3.
|| [[2014 Lusofonia Games|2014]], [[Goa]] || '''37''' || '''27''' || '''28''' || '''92''' || bgcolor=gold| '''1st'''
|-
| || Total || ''' 38 ''' || ''' 29 ''' || ''' 35 ''' || ''' 102 ''' || bgcolor=cc9966| '''3rd'''
|}

==Overall Medal Table by Sport==
{| class="wikitable"
!
! Sport
! bgcolor="gold" | {{Gold1}}
! bgcolor="silver" | {{Silver2}}
! bgcolor="CC9966" | {{Bronze3}}
! Total
|-
| 1 || [[Athletics at the Lusophony Games|Athletics]] || 15 || 14 || 9 || 38
|-
| 2 || [[Basketball at the Lusophony Games|Basketball]] ||1 || 0 || 1 || 2
|-
| 3 || [[Beach volleyball at the Lusophony Games|Beach volleyball]] ||0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 4 || [[Football at the Lusophony Games|Football]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 5 || [[Futsal at the Lusophony Games|Futsal]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 6 || [[Judo at the Lusophony Games|Judo]] || 2 || 2 || 4 || 8
|-
| 7 || [[Table tennis at the Lusophony Games|Table tennis]] || 6 || 2 || 3 || 11
|-
| 8 || [[Taekwondo at the Lusophony Games|Taekwondo]] || 2 || 3 || 11 || 16
|-
| 9 || [[Volleyball at the Lusophony Games|Volleyball]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || 4
|-
| 10 || [[Wushu at the Lusophony Games|Wushu]] || 9|| 8|| 5|| 22
|-
| || Total || ''' 38 ''' || ''' 29 ''' || ''' 35 ''' || ''' 102 '''
|}

==See also==
*[[India at the Olympics]]
*[[India at the Paralympics]]
*[[India at the World Games]]
*[[India at the Asian Games]]
*[[India at the Commonwealth Games]]
*[[India at the South Asian Games]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Countries at the Lusophony Games}}
{{National sports teams of India}}

[[Category:Nations at the Lusofonia Games]]

{{India-sport-stub}}

India at the Paralympics

2023-10-03T03:47:51Z

BrockKemp6350: /* Medals by Summer Games */

{{infobox country at games
| NPC = IND
| NPCname = [[Paralympic Committee of India]]
| games = Paralympics
| year =
| flagcaption =
| oldcode =
| website = {{URL|www.paralympicindia.org.in }}
| location =
| competitors =
| sports =
| flagbearer =
| rank = 57
| gold = 9
| silver = 12
| bronze = 10
| officials =
| appearances =
| app_begin_year =
| app_end_year =
| summerappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=India|competition=Summer Paralympics|begin_year=|end_year= }}
| winterappearances =
| seealso =
}}

[[India]] made its [[Summer Paralympic Games|Summer Paralympic]] debut at the [[1968 Summer Paralympics|1968 Games]], competed again in [[1972 Summer Paralympics|1972]], and then was absent until the [[1984 Summer Paralympics|1984 Games]]. The country has participated in every edition of the Summer games since then. It has never participated in the [[Winter Paralympic Games]].<ref>{{IPC medals | npc = IND }}</ref>

India's first medal in Paralympics came in [[1972 Summer Paralympics|1972 Games]], with [[Murlikant Petkar]] winning a gold medal in [[Swimming at the 1972 Summer Paralympics|swimming]]. India's best finish yet has been in the [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Games]], at 24th place with a medal haul of 19 medals (5 gold, 8 silver and 6 bronze).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-paralympics/tokyo-paralympics-india-finishes-24th-with-record-19-medals/articleshow/85944885.cms|title=Tokyo Paralympics: India finishes 24th with record 19 medals|access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>

== History ==

India's first medal, and also the first individual gold medal, was won in [[1972 Summer Paralympics|1972 Games]], when [[Murlikant Petkar]] swam the 50 meters freestyle in a world record time of 37.331 seconds. India finished at 25th rank in those games. In 1984, [[Joginder Singh Bedi]] won silver at the Men's Shot Put and followed it up with a pair of bronze winning performances in the Discus and Javelin throws. Thus, Joginder became the first multi-medallist Paralympian from India. [[Bhimrao Kesarkar]] also won a silver medal in Javelin in [[1984 Summer Paralympics|1984 Games]]. India finished 43rd out of the 54 participating nations.<ref>{{cite web|title=The lesser-known Olympics|url=http://kushalmucon.blogspot.in/2012/08/the-other-olympics.html|date=2012-08-08|publisher=blogger|access-date=2012-10-13}}</ref>

India continued to participate in each Paralympic Games thereafter, but failed to make an impact until the [[2004 Summer Paralympics|2004 Games]] when [[Devendra Jhajharia]] won gold in [[javelin throw]] and [[Rajinder Singh Rahelu]] won bronze for [[powerlifting]] in the 56-kg category.

In [[Rio 2016 Paralympic Games|2016 Games]], [[Deepa Malik]] won a silver medal in Shot Put to become the first Indian woman to win a Parlaympics medal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37346780|title=Deepa Malik: First Indian woman to win Paralympics medal|access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>

The [[Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games|2020 Games]] saw India's best-ever medal haul with a total of 19 medals (5 Gold, 8 Silver and 6 Bronze). This result was better than the medal haul of 12 medals of all previous Paralympics appearances combined. The games also had India's best ever participation yet with 54 athletes (40 men, 14 women) across nine sports. It was India's best performance by an overall ranking of 24 (among 162 nations; including [[Refugee Paralympic Team]] and [[Russian Paralympic Committee]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-tokyo-2020-paralympics-medal|title=India's Tokyo 2020 Paralympics medal winners|access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>

Shooter [[Avani Lekhara]] won two medals - gold in 10m Air Rifle SH1 and bronze in 50m Rifle 3 Positions SH1. Thus, she became the first Indian woman to win an individual gold medal and first woman multi-medalist. Shooter [[Singhraj Adhana]] also won two medals - silver in 50m Pistol SH1 and bronze in 10m Air Pistol SH1 categories. Para-badminton player [[Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj]] became the first civil servant to win a Paralympic medal, a silver in SL4 category.<ref>[https://zeenews.india.com/other-sports/noida-dm-suhas-ly-is-world-no-3-para-shuttler-and-asian-champion-as-well-2390515.html Noida DM Suhas LY is World No. 3 para shuttler and Asian champion as well | Other Sports News | Zee News]</ref>

In 2020 Games, [[Vinod Kumar (athlete)|Vinod Kumar]] initially clinched a bronze medal in the men's [[discus throw]] [[F52 (classification)|F52]] category event. However, other competitors raised questions about his disability and was subsequently designated as "Classification not Completed". His performance was disqualified, resulting in the loss of his medal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/32107377/tokyo-paralympics-2021-vinod-kumar-loses-bronze-discus-throw|title=Tokyo Paralympics 2021: Vinod Kumar loses bronze, declared ineligible in classification reassessment|accessdate=30 August 2021|date=30 August 2021|work=espn.com}}</ref>

==Medals==
{{See also|All-time Paralympic Games medal table}}

===Medals by Summer Games===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%;"
|-
!style="width:12em;"| Games
!style="width:4em;"| Athletes
!style="width:4em; background:gold;"| Gold
!style="width:4em; background:silver;"| Silver
!style="width:4em; background:#cc9966;"| Bronze
!style="width:4em;"| Total
!style="width:2em;"| [[All-time Paralympic Games medal table|Rank]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[1960 Summer Paralympics|1960 Rome]] || colspan=6 rowspan=2| ''Did not participate''
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[1964 Summer Paralympics|1964 Tokyo]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[1968 Summer Paralympics|1968 Tel Aviv]] || [[India at the 1968 Summer Paralympics|10]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1968 Summer Paralympics medal table|-]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|DEU}} [[1972 Summer Paralympics|1972 Heidelberg]] || [[India at the 1972 Summer Paralympics|10]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[1972 Summer Paralympics medal table|25]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[1976 Summer Paralympics|1976 Toronto]] || colspan=6 rowspan=2| ''Did not participate''
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|NLD}} [[1980 Summer Paralympics|1980 Arnhem]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|USA}} [[1984 Summer Paralympics|1984 Stoke Mandeville/New York]] || [[India at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|5]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || 4 || [[1984 Summer Paralympics medal table|37]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[1988 Summer Paralympics|1988 Seoul]] || [[India at the 1988 Summer Paralympics|2]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1988 Summer Paralympics medal table|-]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[1992 Summer Paralympics|1992 Barcelona]] || [[India at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|9]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1992 Summer Paralympics medal table|-]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} [[1996 Summer Paralympics|1996 Atlanta]] || [[India at the 1996 Summer Paralympics|9]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1996 Summer Paralympics medal table|-]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[2000 Summer Paralympics|2000 Sydney]] || [[India at the 2000 Summer Paralympics|4]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2000 Summer Paralympics medal table|-]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[2004 Summer Paralympics|2004 Athens]] || [[India at the 2004 Summer Paralympics|12]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2 || [[2004 Summer Paralympics medal table|53]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[2008 Summer Paralympics|2008 Beijing]] || [[India at the 2008 Summer Paralympics|5]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2008 Summer Paralympics medal table|-]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[2012 Summer Paralympics|2012 London]] || [[India at the 2012 Summer Paralympics|10]] || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[2012 Summer Paralympics medal table|67]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]] || [[India at the 2016 Summer Paralympics|19]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 4 || [[2016 Summer Paralympics medal table|43]]
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]] || '''[[India at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|54]]''' || '''5''' || '''8'''||''' 6'''|| '''19''' || '''[[2020 Summer Paralympics medal table|24]]'''
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|FRA}} ''[[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]]'' || colspan="6" rowspan="3" | ''Future event''
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} ''[[2028 Summer Paralympics|2028 Los Angeles]]''
|-
|align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} ''[[2032 Summer Paralympics|2032 Brisbane]]''
|-
! colspan=2| Total !! 9 !! 12 !! 10 !! 31 !! [[All-time Paralympic Games medal table|57]]
|}

=== Medals by Summer Sport ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%;"
|-
!style="width:12em;"| Games
!style="width:4em; background:gold;"| Gold
!style="width:4em; background:silver;"| Silver
!style="width:4em; background:#cc9966;"| Bronze
!style="width:4em;"| Total
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Athletics at the Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || 4 || 9 || 5 || 18
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Shooting at the Summer Paralympics|Shooting]] || 2 || 1 || 2 || 5
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Badminton at the Summer Paralympics|Badminton]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 4
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Swimming pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Swimming at the Summer Paralympics|Swimming]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Table tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Table tennis at the Summer Paralympics|Table tennis]] || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Archery at the Summer Paralympics|Archery]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
|align=left| [[Image:Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Powerlifting at the Summer Paralympics|Powerlifting]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
! Total !! 9 !! 12 !! 10 !! 31
|}

==Medalists==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Medal
! Name/Team
! Games
! Sport
! Event
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Murlikant Petkar]] ''(India's first [[Paralympic]] gold medalist)'' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/how-a-war-hero-won-indias-first-paralympics-gold-in-1972-in-mumbai/articleshow/85727717.cms | title=How a war hero won India's first Paralympics gold in 1972 | Mumbai News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[1972 Summer Paralympics|1972 Heidelberg]] || [[Image:Swimming pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Swimming]][[Swimming at the 1972 Summer Paralympics|Swimming]] || [[Swimming at the 1972 Summer Paralympics|Men's 50m Freestyle 3]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Bhimrao Kesarkar]] ||rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|GBR}} / {{flagicon|USA}} [[1984 Summer Paralympics|1984 Stoke Mandeville/New York]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Men's Javelin L6]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Joginder Singh Bedi]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Men's Shot Put L6]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Joginder Singh Bedi]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Men's Javelin L6]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Joginder Singh Bedi]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Paralympics|Men's Discus Throw L6]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Devendra Jhajharia]] || rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|GRE}} [[2004 Summer Paralympics|2004 Athens]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw F42–46|Men's Javelin F44/46]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Rajinder Singh Rahelu]] || [[Image:Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Powerlifting]][[Powerlifting at the 2004 Summer Paralympics|Powerlifting]] || [[Powerlifting at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's 56 kg|Men's 56 kg]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Girisha Nagarajegowda]] || {{flagicon|GBR}} [[2012 Summer Paralympics|2012 London]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#F42|Men's High Jump F42]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Mariyappan Thangavelu]] || rowspan="4" |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#T42|Men's High Jump F42]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Devendra Jhajharia]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw#F46|Men's Javelin Throw F46]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]|| [[Deepa Malik]] || [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's shot put#F53|Women's Shot Put F53]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Varun Singh Bhati]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#T42|Men's High Jump F42]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Avani Lekhara]]|| rowspan="19" |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]
|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]||[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics#Women|Women's 10m Air Rifle SH1]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Sumit Antil]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw F64|Men's Javelin Throw F64]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Manish Narwal]]
|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics#Mixed|Mixed 50m Pistol SH1]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Pramod Bhagat]]
|[[File:Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Badminton]] [[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Badminton]]
|[[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's singles SL3|Men's Singles SL3]]
|-
|[[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]]
|[[File:Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Badminton]] [[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Badminton]]
|[[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's singles SH6|Men's Singles SH6]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Bhavina Patel]]|| [[Image:Table tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px]] [[Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Table Tennis]]||[[Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's individual – Class 4|Women's Singles C4]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Nishad Kumar]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#T47|Men's High Jump T47]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Yogesh Kathuniya]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw#F56|Men's Discus Throw F56]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Devendra Jhajharia]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw#F46|Men's Javelin Throw F46]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Mariyappan Thangavelu]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#T63|Men's High Jump T63]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Praveen Kumar (Para athlete)|Praveen Kumar]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#T64|Men's High Jump T64]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Singhraj Adhana]]
|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics#Men|Men's 50m Pistol SH1]]
|-
|[[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj]]
|[[File:Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Badminton]] [[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Badminton]]
|[[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's singles SL4|Men's Singles SL4]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Sundar Singh Gurjar]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw#F46|Men's Javelin Throw F46]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Singhraj Adhana]]
|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics#Men|Men's 10m Air Pistol SH1]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]||[[Sharad Kumar (athlete)|Sharad Kumar]]|| [[Image:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's high jump#T63|Men's High Jump T63]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Avani Lekhara]]
|[[File:Shooting_pictogram_(Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]
|[[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Paralympics - Qualification#Pistol|Women's 50m Rifle 3 Positions SH1]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Harvinder Singh (archer)|Harvinder Singh]]
|[[File:Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Archery]] [[Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Archery]]
|[[Archery at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual recurve open|Men's Individual Recurve Open]]
|-
|[[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]]
|[[Manoj Sarkar]]
|[[File:Wheelchair badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Badminton]] [[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Badminton]]
|[[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's singles SL3|Men's Singles SL3]]
|}

==Multiple Medalists==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width=150 | Athlete
! width=280 | Games
! width=100 | Sport
! [[File:Gold medal Paralympics.svg|16px]] Gold
! [[File:Silver medal Paralympics.svg|16px]] Silver
! [[File:Bronze medal Paralympics.svg|16px]] Bronze
! width=50 | Total
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"

|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align=left|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|align=left| {{flagicon|GRE}} [[2004 Summer Paralympics|2004 Athens]] {{flagicon|BRA}} [[2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]
| align=left| [[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" | 2
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" | 1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" | 0
| 3
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"

|align=left|[[Mariyappan Thangavelu]]
|align=left| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]
|align=left| [[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" | 1
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" | 1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" | 0
| 2
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align=left|[[Avani Lekhara]] ''(first Indian women to win Gold at [[Paralympics]]''<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/shooter-avani-lekhara-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-win-gold-at-paralympics/article36173838.ece | title=Shooter Avani Lekhara becomes first Indian woman to win gold at Paralympics | newspaper=The Hindu | date=September 2021 }}</ref>)
|align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]
|align=left|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" | 1
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" | 0
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" | 1
| 2
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align=left|[[Joginder Singh Bedi]]
|align=left| {{flagicon|GBR}} / {{flagicon|USA}} [[1984 Summer Paralympics|1984 Stoke Mandeville/New York]]
| align=left| [[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Athletics]] [[Athletics at the Summer Paralympics|Athletics]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" | 0
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" | 1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" | 2
| 3
|- align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|align=left|[[Singhraj Adhana]]
|align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]
|align=left|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|20px|Shooting]] [[Shooting at the Summer Paralympics|Shooting]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" | 0
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" | 1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" | 1
| 2
|}

==2012 Games Village Controversy==
During the [[2012 Summer Paralympics]] it was reported that coaches and escorts of the Indian Team were denied accommodation in the Games Village because their permits were being used by officials of the [[Paralympic Committee of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Not provided with escort, alleges Paralympics athlete|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/article3851360.ece|work=thehindu.com|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=September 6, 2012|date=September 3, 2012}}</ref> The Team's 10 athletes were to be assisted by six coaches and five escorts, but only two escorts were given passes; Paralympic Committee General Secretary Ratan Singh confirmed that he had brought his son, that the Committee president had brought his wife, and the treasurer had brought his wife and daughter.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kumar|first=Nandini|title=Officials ditch special athletes at Paralympics|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Source=Find&Key=MMIR/2012/09/02/21/Ar02100.xml&CollName=MMIR_DAILY_2009&DOCID=384625&Keyword=%28%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Eparalympic%29&skin=MIRRORNEW&AppName=1&PageLabel=22%20&ViewMode=HTML|work=epaper.timesofindia.com|publisher=Mumbai Mirror, re-published online by e-paper|access-date=September 6, 2012|page=22|date=September 2, 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[India at the Olympics]]
*[[India at the World Games]]
*[[India at the Asian Games]]
*[[India at the Commonwealth Games]]
*[[India at the Lusofonia Games]]
*[[India at the South Asian Games]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nations at the Paralympics}}
{{National sports teams of India}}
{{Paralympic medalists for India}}

[[Category:India at the Paralympics| ]]

India at the World Games

2023-10-03T03:41:35Z

BrockKemp6350: /* Medal count */

{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NOCname =
| oldcode =
| year =
| date =
| games = World Games
| location =
| competitors =
| sports =
| flagbearer =
| officials =
| gold = 1
| silver = 1
| bronze = 3
| rank = 64
| appearances =
*[[India at the 1981 World Games|1981]]
*[[India at the 1985 World Games|1985]]
*[[India at the 1989 World Games|1989]]
*[[India at the 1993 World Games|1993]]
*[[India at the 1997 World Games|1997]]
*[[India at the 2001 World Games|2001]]
*[[India at the 2005 World Games|2005]]
*[[India at the 2009 World Games|2009]]
*[[India at the 2013 World Games|2013]]
*[[India at the 2017 World Games|2017]]
| winterappearances =
| website =
}}

India is participating in [[World Games]] since [[World Games 1981|inaugural Games of 1981]]. As of 2022 India has won 5 medals (1 Gold, 1 Silver and 3 Bronze).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theworldgames.org/the-world-games/results-history#edition=0&category=0&country=IND |title=Results history |website=Theworldgames.org |access-date=2016-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/others/indians-qualified-world-games-2022-32925|title=World Games 2022: List of qualified Indian athletes|access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/1027960/world-games-2022-jyothi-surekha-vennam-abhishek-verma-bag-indias-first-archery-medal-in-event|title=World Games 2022: Jyothi Surekha Vennam-Abhishek Verma bag India’s first archery medal in event|access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref>

==Medal count==
{{see also|World Games|All-time World Games medal table}}
{{Medals table
| caption =
| team = Games
| hide_rank = yes
| leading =
| gold_1 = 0 | silver_1 = 0 | bronze_1 = 1 | name_1 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[1981 World Games|1981 Santa Clara]]
| gold_2 = 0 | silver_2 = 0 | bronze_2 = 0 | name_2 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[1985 World Games|1985 Londra]]
| gold_3 = 0 | silver_3 = 1 | bronze_3 = 1 | name_3 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[1989 World Games|1989 Karlsruhe]]
| gold_4 = 0 | silver_4 = 0 | bronze_4 = 0 | name_4 = {{flagicon|NLD}} [[1993 World Games|1993 L'Aia]]
| gold_5 = 0 | silver_5 = 0 | bronze_5 = 0 | name_5 = {{flagicon|FIN}} [[1997 World Games|1997 Lahti]]
| gold_6 = 0 | silver_6 = 0 | bronze_6 = 0 | name_6 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[2001 World Games|2001 Akita]]
| gold_7 = 0 | silver_7 = 0 | bronze_7 = 0 | name_7 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[2005 World Games|2005 Duisburg]]
| gold_8 = 0 | silver_8 = 0 | bronze_8 = 0 | name_8 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[2009 World Games|2009 Kaohsiung]]
| gold_9 = 1 | silver_9 = 0 | bronze_9 = 0 | name_9 = {{flagicon|COL}} [[2013 World Games|2013 Cali]]
| gold_10 = 0 | silver_10 = 0 | bronze_10 = 0 | name_10 = {{flagicon|POL}} [[2017 World Games|2017 Wroclaw]]
| gold_11 = 0 | silver_11 = 0 | bronze_11 = 1 | name_11 ={{flagicon|USA}} [[2022 World Games|2022 Birmingham]] | gold_12 = ''TBD'' | silver_12 = ''TBD'' | bronze_12 = ''TBD'' | name_12 = {{flagicon|CHN}} ''[[2025 World Games|2025 Chengdu]]''}}

==Medals by sport==
{{Medals table
| caption =
| team = Sport
| hide_rank = yes
| leading =
| gold_1 = 0 | silver_1 = 0 | bronze_1 = 1 | name_1 = {{GamesSport|Badminton|Format=d}}
| gold_2 = 0 | silver_2 = 1 | bronze_2 = 1 | name_2 = {{GamesSport|Powerlifting|Format=d}}
| gold_3 = 1 | silver_3 = 0 | bronze_3 = 0 | name_3 = {{GamesSport|Cue sports|Format=d}}
|name_4={{GamesSport|Archery|Format=d}}|bronze_4=1|gold_4=0|silver_4=0}}

==Medalists==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! Medal
! Name
! Sport
! Event
! Year
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}|| [[Prakash Padukone]] || [[Badminton at the World Games|Badminton]] || Men's singles || [[India at the 1981 World Games|1981]]
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || Sumita Laha || [[Powerlifting at the World Games|Powerlifting]] || Women's Heavyweight || [[India at the 1989 World Games|1989]]
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || Rekha Mal || [[Powerlifting at the World Games|Powerlifting]] || Women's Lightweight || [[India at the 1989 World Games|1989]]
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || {{sortname|Aditya |Mehta}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/happy-to-have-graduated-from-bronze-to-gold-aditya-mehta/article4988646.ece |title=Happy to have graduated from bronze to gold: Aditya Mehta |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=2013-08-04 |access-date=2016-12-02}}</ref> || [[Cue_sports_at_the_World_Games|Snooker]] || [[Snooker at the World Games 2013 – men's singles|Men's Singles]] || [[India at the 2013 World Games|2013]]
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}|| Jyothi Surekha Vennam, Abhishek Verma|| [[Archery at the World Games|Archery]] || Mixed compound team|| [[India at the 2022 World Games|2022]]
|}
{{col-end}}

==See also==
*[[India at the Olympics]]
*[[India at the Paralympics]]
*[[India at the Asian Games]]
*[[India at the Commonwealth Games]]
*[[India at the Lusofonia Games]]
*[[India at the South Asian Games]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nations at the World Games}}
{{National sports teams of India}}

[[Category:India at the World Games| ]]
[[Category:Nations at the World Games]]

Flag of India

2023-09-24T14:47:16Z

BrockKemp6350: /* See also */

{{short description|National flag}}
{{redirect|Tiranga|the Bollywood film|Tirangaa (film){{!}}''Tirangaa'' (film)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Republic of India
| Nickname = ''{{lang|hi-Latn|Tiraṅgā}}'' (meaning "Tricolour")
| Image = Flag of India.svg
| Use = 111000
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111000}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}} {{FIAV|Vertical normal}}
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption = {{start date and age|1947|07|22|df=yes}}
| Design = A horizontal [[triband (flag)|triband]] of India saffron, white, and India green; charged with a navy blue [[Ashoka Chakra]] with 24 spokes in the centre.
| Designer = [[Pingali Venkayya]]<ref group="N" name="PV">The current flag is an adaptation of Venkayya's original design, but he is generally credited as the designer of the flag.</ref>
| Image3 = Civil Ensign of India.svg
| Nickname3 = [[List of Indian flags#Ensigns|Red Ensign]]
| Use3 = 000100
| Symbol3 = {{FIAV|000100}}
| Proportion3 = 2:3
| Design3 = A red ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton
| Image4 = Government Ensign of India.svg
| Nickname4 = [[List of Indian flags#Ensigns|Blue Ensign]]
| Use4 = 000010
| Symbol4 = {{FIAV|000010}}
| Proportion4 = 2:3
| Design4 = A blue ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton, and a yellow anchor horizontally in the fly
| Image5 = Naval Ensign of India (2022).svg
| Nickname5 = [[List of Indian flags#Naval|White Ensign]]
| Use5 = 000001
| Symbol5 = {{FIAV|000001}}
| Proportion5 = 1:2
| Design5 = A white ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton, and a blue octagon with golden borders encasing the national emblem atop an anchor superimposed on a shield with the naval motto ''"Śaṁ No Varuṇaḥ"'' in [[Devanagari]] in the fly
| Nickname6 = [[List of Indian flags#Ensigns|Air force Ensign]]
| Use6 = [[Air force ensign]]
| Image6 = Air Force Ensign of India.svg
| Proportion6 = 1:2
| Design6 = A sky blue ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton and the Air Force [[roundel]] in the fly
}}

The [[national flag]] of [[India]], [[Colloquialism|colloquially]] called ''Tiraṅgā'' (the [[tricolour]]), is a horizontal rectangular tricolour flag, the colours being of [[Saffron (color)#India saffron|India saffron]], [[white]] and [[Variations of green#India green|India green]]; with the {{lang|hi-Latn|[[Ashoka Chakra]]}}, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Symbols |url=https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=www.india.gov.in |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501093137/https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Identity Elements - National Flag |url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-flag.php |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=knowindia.india.gov.in |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715024706/https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-flag.php |url-status=live }}</ref> It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]] held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the [[Republic of India]]. In India, the term "[[tricolour (flag)|tricolour]]" almost always refers to the Indian national flag.

The flag is based on the ''{{lang|hi-Latn|Swaraj}}'' flag, a flag of the [[Indian National Congress]] adopted by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] after making significant modifications to the design proposed by [[Pingali Venkayya]].<ref name="Kapoor 2018">{{cite book | last=Kapoor | first=P. | title=Gandhi: An Illustrated Biography | publisher=Roli Books | year=2018 | isbn=978-81-936009-1-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2EuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT121 | language=mt | access-date=2023-08-14 | page=121}}</ref> This flag included ''charkha'' which was replaced with ''[[Ashoka Chakra|chakra]]'' in 1947 by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref name="Goucher Walton">{{cite book | last=Goucher | first=C. | last2=Walton | first2=L. | title=World History: Journeys from Past to Present | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-135-08828-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Os-g5vLFfBcC&pg=PA667 | page=667}}</ref>

Before the amendment of the flag code in 2021, the flag was by law only to be made of ''{{lang|hi-Latn|[[khadi]]}}''; a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, made popular by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]]. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the [[Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission]], which allocates it to regional groups. As of 2023, there are 4 units in India that are licensed to manufacture the flag.

Usage of the flag is governed by the [[Flag Code of India]] and other laws relating to the [[national emblem]]s. The original code prohibited use of the flag by private citizens except on national days such as the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence day]] and the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]. In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, [[Naveen Jindal]], the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed the [[Government of India]] to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the [[Union Cabinet of India]] amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing. The flag code also governs the protocol of flying the flag and its use in conjunction with other national and non-national flags.

== History ==
{{See also|Star of India (flag)|Flag of the East India Company|List of Indian flags|Tricolour (flag)#History|Triband (flag)}}

=== Pre-independence movement ===
[[File:British Raj Red Ensign.svg|left|thumb|alt=A British red Ensign (a red flag with the Union Jack placed at the top left corner) charged with the Star of India (five pointed star inside a circular band tied at the bottom)|{{FIAV|historical}} [[Star of India (flag)|Civil Ensign]] of [[British Raj|British India]], 1880–1947]]

A number of flags with varying designs were used in the period preceding the [[Indian independence movement]] by the rulers of different princely states; the idea of a single Indian flag was first raised by the British rulers of India after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion of 1857]], which resulted in the establishment of direct imperial rule. [[Star of India (flag)|The first flag]], whose design was based on western heraldic standards, was similar to the flags of other British colonies, including Canada and South Africa; its red field included the [[Union Jack]] in the upper-left quadrant and a Star of India capped by the royal crown in the middle of the right half. To address the question of how the star conveyed "Indianness", [[Queen Victoria]] created the [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] to honour services to the empire by her Indian subjects. Subsequently, all the [[British Raj#British India and the princely states|Indian princely states]] received flags with symbols based on the heraldic criteria of Europe including the right to fly defaced British red ensigns.<ref name="Virmani172">{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|p=172}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|p=498}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/findien.htm|title=British Raj Marineflagge|access-date=4 September 2005|author=Volker Preuß|language=de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050917132232/http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/findien.htm|archive-date=17 September 2005}}</ref>

[[File:Proposed flag of India (1904).svg|thumb|220px|{{FIAV|Proposal}} A proposed flag for India from 1904, as seen in an Anglo-Indian weekly. The dark blue band represented Hindus and Buddhists, the green band represented Muslims, and the light blue band represented Christians. The vertical purple band on the left side contained the stars from the [[Orion (constellation)|Orion constellation]], which represented the provinces and states. The surrounding red border symbolised India being kept united and whole by British rule.<ref name="Dipesh Navsaria">{{cite web |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in!.html |title=Indian Flag Proposals |author=Dipesh Navsaria |date=27 July 1996 |work=Flags of the World |access-date=14 March 2020 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907194303/https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/in!.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

In the early twentieth century, around the coronation of [[Edward VII]], a discussion started on the need for a heraldic symbol that was representative of the Indian empire. William Coldstream, a British member of the Indian Civil Service, campaigned the government to change the heraldic symbol from a star, which he considered to be a common choice, to something more appropriate. His proposal was not well received by the government; [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] rejected it for practical reasons including the multiplication of flags.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|p=173}}</ref> Around this time, nationalist opinion within the realm was leading to a representation through religious tradition. The symbols that were in vogue included the [[Ganesha]], advocated by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], and [[Kali]], advocated by [[Aurobindo Ghosh]] and [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]. Another symbol was the cow, or ''Gau Mata'' (cow mother). However, all these symbols were Hindu-centric and did not suggest unity with India's Muslim population.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|p=174}}</ref>

=== Early tricolour development ===
[[File:Flag of India 1907 (Nationalists Flag).svg|left|thumb|220px|{{FIAV|historical}}{{FIAV|noflag}}The [[Calcutta flag]], design of the "Flag of Indian Independence" raised by [[Bhikaji Cama]] on 22 August 1907, at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany]]

In Europe, in 1579, during the [[Eighty Years' War]], which established the independence of the [[Dutch Republic]] from the [[Spanish Empire]], newly formed [[Netherlands]] adopted the first [[Tricolour (flag)|tricolour]] in the world, known as [[Prince's Flag|Prinsenvlag]], an orange-white-blue flag. This flag symbolised [[independence]]. During the [[French Revolution]], in 1790, [[Flag of France|Le Tricolore]], a blue, white and red flag was adopted to symbolise [[republicanism]] (overthrow of monarchy). The flag of the Netherlands inspired the flag of France, which in turn inspired many further tricolour flags in countries around the world. Every country took to its own choice of colors to be represented in their tricolours.

The [[partition of Bengal (1905)]] resulted in the introduction of a new flag representing the [[Indian independence movement]] that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country.

The ''Vande Mataram'' flag, part of the nationalist [[Swadeshi movement]], comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The tricolour flag included eight white lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and the ''Vande Mataram'' slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] bereft of any ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary governmental or political reports either, but was used at the annual session of the [[Indian National Congress]]. A slightly modified version was subsequently used by [[Bhikaiji Cama|Madam Bhikaji Cama]] at the [[International Socialist Congress, Stuttgart 1907|second International Socialist Congress]] in [[Stuttgart]] in 1907. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian nationalists.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|pp=175–176}}</ref>

Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by [[Sister Nivedita]], a Hindu reformist and disciple of [[Swami Vivekananda]]. The flag consisted of a thunderbolt in the centre and a hundred and eight oil lamps for the border, with the ''[[Vande Mataram]]'' caption split around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1906.<ref>{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|pp=498–499}}</ref> Soon, many other proposals were initiated, but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement.

In 1909, [[Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill|Lord Ampthill]], former Governor of the [[Madras Presidency]], wrote to ''[[The Times]]'' of London in the run-up to [[Commonwealth Day#History|Empire Day]] pointing out that there existed "no flag representative of India as a whole or any Indian province... Surely this is strange, seeing that but for India there would be no Empire."<ref>{{cite news |title=A Flag for India |work=Luton Times and Advertiser |date=21 May 1909 |access-date=27 August 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000536/19090521/002/0001 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[File:Flag of the Indian Home Rule movement.svg|right|thumb|220px|{{FIAV|historical}}{{FIAV|noflag}} Flag of the [[Indian Home Rule Movement]] adopted by [[Annie Besant]] and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]]]
In 1916, [[Pingali Venkayya]] submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of [[Madras Presidency|Madras]]. These many proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag movement alive. The same year, [[Annie Besant]] and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] adopted a new flag as part of the [[Indian Home Rule Movement|Home Rule Movement]]. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in [[Coimbatore]] banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|pp=176–177}}</ref>

In the early 1920s, national flag discussions gained prominence across most British dominions following the peace treaty between Britain and Ireland. In November 1920, the Indian delegation to the [[League of Nations]] wanted to use an Indian flag, and this prompted the British Indian government to place renewed emphasis on the flag as a national symbol.

=== Gandhi's activism ===
[[File:Gandhi Flag 1921 - Ganesh and Co. Silk Cigarette Card.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A reproduction of a tricolour flag of white, green and red with a spinning wheel in the centre|A reproduction of Gandhi's flag, introduced at the Congress meeting in 1921<ref>{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|p=504}}</ref>]]
In April 1921, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] wrote in his journal ''[[Young India]]'' about the need for an Indian flag, proposing a flag with the ''charkha'' or [[spinning wheel]] at the centre.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|pp=177–178}}</ref> The idea of the spinning wheel was put forth by [[Lala Hansraj]], and Gandhi commissioned Pingali Venkayya to design a flag with the spinning wheel on a red and green banner, the red colour signifying Hindus and the green standing for Muslims. Gandhi wanted the flag to be presented at the Congress session of 1921, but it was not delivered on time, and another flag was proposed at the session. Gandhi later wrote that the delay was fortuitous since it allowed him to realise that other religions were not represented; he then added white to the banner colours, to represent all the other religions. Finally, owing to the religious-political sensibilities, in 1929, Gandhi moved towards a more secular interpretation of the flag colours, stating that red stood for the sacrifices of the people, white for purity, and green for hope.<ref>{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|pp=503–505}}</ref>

On 13 April 1923, during a procession by local Congress volunteers in [[Nagpur]] commemorating the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]], the ''Swaraj'' flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Pingali Venkayya, was hoisted. This event resulted in a confrontation between the Congressmen and the police, after which five people were imprisoned. Over a hundred other protesters continued the flag procession after a meeting. Subsequently, on the first of May, [[Jamnalal Bajaj]], the secretary of the Nagpur Congress Committee, started the ''[[Flag Satyagraha]]'', gaining national attention and marking a significant point in the flag movement. The ''satyagraha'', promoted nationally by the Congress, started creating cracks within the organisation in which the Gandhians were highly enthused while the other group, the ''Swarajists'', called it inconsequential.

Finally, at the All India Congress Committee meeting in July 1923, at the insistence of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Sarojini Naidu]], Congress closed ranks and the flag movement was endorsed. The flag movement was managed by [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] with the idea of public processions and flag displays by common people. By the end of the movement, over 1500 people had been arrested across all of British India. ''[[The Bombay Chronicle]]'' reported that the movement drew from diverse groups of society including farmers, students, merchants, labourers and "national servants". While Muslim participation was moderate, the movement enthused women, who had hitherto rarely participated in the independence movement.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|pp=181–186}}</ref>

While the flag agitation got its impetus from Gandhi's writings and discourses, the movement received political acceptance following the Nagpur incident. News reports, editorials and letters to editors published in various journals and newspapers of the time attest to the subsequent development of a bond between the flag and the nation. Soon, the concept of preserving the honour of the national flag became an integral component of the independence struggle. While Muslims were still wary of the ''Swaraj'' flag, it gained acceptance among Muslim leaders of the Congress and the [[Khilafat Movement]] as the national flag.

[[File:1931 Flag of India.svg|right|thumb|alt=A tricolour flag of saffron, white and green with a spinning wheel in the centre|{{FIAV|historical}} The ''Swaraj flag'', officially adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1931]]

Detractors of the flag movement, including [[Motilal Nehru]], soon hailed the ''Swaraj'' flag as a symbol of national unity. Thus, the flag became a significant structural component of the institution of India. In contrast to the subdued responses of the past, the British Indian government took greater cognisance of the new flag, and began to define a policy of response. The British parliament discussed public use of the flag, and based on directives from London, the British Indian government threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display of the ''Swaraj'' flag.<ref>{{Harvnb|Virmani|1999|pp=187–191}}</ref> The ''Swaraj'' flag became the official flag of Congress at the 1931 meeting. However, by then, the flag had already become the symbol of the independence movement.<ref>{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|p=508}}</ref>

[[File:Mountbatten Proposed Flag of India.svg|left|thumb|{{FIAV|Proposal}} [[Governor-General of India|Governor-General]] [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]]'s 1947 proposal for the flag of India, effectively the flag of the Congress but with a Union Jack in the canton. It was rejected by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], on the grounds that he felt that Congress' nationalist members would see the inclusion of the Union Jack as pandering to the British.<ref name="Dipesh Navsaria"/>]]

=== Final adoption ===
A few days before India gained its independence in August 1947, the [[Constituent Assembly]] was formed. To select a flag for independent India, on 23 June 1947, the assembly set up an ''ad hoc'' committee headed by [[Rajendra Prasad]] and including [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]], [[Sarojini Naidu]], [[C. Rajagopalachari]], [[K. M. Munshi]] and [[B. R. Ambedkar]] as its members.<ref name="Code2002"/>

[[File:1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg|right|thumb|alt=A postage stamp, featuring a fluttering Indian flag above the word "INDIA". At left is "15 AUG. 1947" and "3½ As."; at right is "जय हिंन्द" above "POSTAGE".|Indian Flag, the first stamp of independent India, released on 21 November 1947, was meant for foreign correspondence.<ref name="Phil">''India Postage Stamps 1947–1988''.(1989) Philately branch, Department of Posts, India.</ref><ref name="SS">Souvenir sheet of the ''Independence'' series of stamps, Indian Posts, 1948</ref>]]

On 14 July 1947, the committee recommended that the flag of the [[Indian National Congress]] be adopted as the National Flag of India with suitable modifications, so as to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. It was also resolved that the flag should not have any communal undertones.<ref name="Code2002">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|title=Flag code of India, 2002|access-date=11 October 2006|date=4 April 2002|work=Fact Sheet|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522102724/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|archive-date=22 May 2006}}</ref> The spinning wheel of the Congress flag was replaced by the ''[[Ashoka Chakra]]'' from the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]]. According to [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], the ''chakra'' was chosen as it was representative of ''[[dharma]]'' and law. However, Jawaharlal Nehru explained that the change was more practical in nature, as unlike the flag with the spinning wheel, this design would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by the change, but eventually came around to accepting it.

The flag was proposed by Nehru at the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron, white and dark green in equal proportions, with the Ashoka Chakra in blue in the centre of the white band. Nehru also presented two flags, one in Khadi-silk and the other in Khadi-cotton, to the assembly. The resolution was approved unanimously.<ref>{{Harvnb|Jha|2008|pp=106–107}}</ref> It served as the [[national flag]] of the [[Dominion of India]] between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, and has served as the flag of the [[India|Republic of India]] since then.<ref name="FOTW">{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html|title=India|access-date=11 October 2006|last=Heimer|first=Željko|date=2 July 2006|work=Flags of the World|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018060420/http://crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html|archive-date=18 October 2006}}</ref>

== Timeline of official flags ==
===State flags===
{{Gallery
| width = 200
| height = 150
| align = center
|Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg
|Official State flag for use between 1858 and 1947
|British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|National Flag of India used to represent India internationally and domestically (1880–1947)
|Flag of India.svg
|National Flag of India (1947–present)
}}

===Army Flags===
{{Gallery
| width = 200
| height = 150
| align = center
|File:Ensign of the Royal Indian Army Service Corps.svg
|Flag of the Indian Army (1876–1947)
|File:Flag of the Indian Army.svg
|Flag of the Indian Army (1947–present)
}}

===Navy Flags===
{{Gallery
| width = 200
| height = 150
| align = center
|Flag of Imperial India.svg
|Flag of the Royal Indian Marine (1879–1924)
|Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
|Flag of the Royal Indian Marine and the Royal Indian Navy (1924–1947)
|Naval Ensign of India (1950–2001).svg
|Flag of the Indian Navy (1947–2001)
|Naval Ensign of India (2001–2004).svg
|Flag of the Indian Navy (2001–2004)
|Naval Ensign of India (2004–2014).svg
|Flag of the Indian Navy (2004–2014)
|Naval Ensign of India (2014–2022).svg
|Flag of the Indian Navy (2014–2022)
|Naval Ensign of India (2022).svg
|Flag of the Indian Navy (2022–present)
}}

===Civil and State Ensigns===
{{Gallery
| width = 200
| height = 150
| align = center
|British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|Civil Ensign of India (1880–1947)
|Flag of Imperial India.svg
|State Ensign of India (1880–1947)
|Civil Ensign of India.svg
|Civil Ensign of India (1947–present)
|Government Ensign of India.svg
|State Ensign of India (1947–present)
}}

== Design ==

=== Specifications ===
According to the [[Flag code of India]], the Indian flag has a width:height [[aspect ratio]] of 3:2. All three horizontal bands of the flag (saffron, white and green) are equally sized. The [[Ashoka Chakra]] has twenty-four evenly-spaced spokes.<ref name="Code2002" />

The size of the Ashoka Chakra is not specified in the flag code, but in section 4.3.1 of "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag", there is a chart that describes specific sizes of the flag and the chakra (reproduced alongside).<ref name="IS11968"/>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center"
|+Sizes of the National Flag
|-
! Flag size<ref name="NIC">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/nationalflag2002.htm |title=Flag Code of India|access-date=11 October 2006|date=25 January 2006|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060110155908/http://mha.nic.in/nationalflag2002.htm |archive-date = 10 January 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IS 1 (1968): Specification for The National Flag of India (Cotton Khadi, PDF version)|url=https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S12/is.1.1968.pdf|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022095421/https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S12/is.1.1968.pdf|archive-date=22 October 2016}}</ref>
! Width and height (mm)
! Diameter of Ashoka Chakra (mm)<ref name="IS11968"/>
|-
| 1
| 6300 × 4200
| 1295
|-
| 2
| 3600 × 2400
| 740
|-
| 3
| 2700 × 1800
| 555
|-
| 4
| 1800 × 1200
| 370
|-
| 5
| 1350 × 900
| 280
|-
| 6
| 900 × 600
| 185
|-
| 7
| 450 × 300
| 90<ref name="IS1A2">{{cite book | title = IS 1 : 1968 Specification for the national flag of India (cotton khadi), Amendment 2 | author = Bureau of Indian Standards | year = 1979 | publisher = Government of India}}</ref>
|-
| 8
| 225 × 150
| 40
|-
| 9
| 150 × 100
| 25<ref name="IS1A2"/>
|}

=== Construction Sheets ===
{{Dispute about|the colouring scheme|Construction sheets colors|date=June 2023}}{{Multiple image
| total_width = 1000
| image1 = Flag of India (construction sheet) (2-3).svg
| alt1 = Flag of India (construction sheet)
| caption1 = Flag of India construction sheet
| image2 = Flag of India (construction sheet - Ashoka Chakra detail).svg
| alt2 = Ashoka Chakra (construction sheet)
| caption2 = Ashoka Chakra construction sheet
| align = center
}}

=== Colours ===
Both the Flag code and IS1 call for the Ashoka Chakra to be printed or painted on both sides of the flag in navy blue.<ref name="IS11968"/><ref name="Code2002" /> Below is the list of specified shades for all colours used on the national flag, with the exception of navy blue, from "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag" as defined in the 1931 CIE Colour Specifications with [[Standard illuminant#Illuminants B and C|illuminant C]].<ref name="IS11968">{{Cite book | url = https://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.1.1968 | title = IS 1 : 1968 Specification for the national flag of India (cotton khadi) | access-date = 23 July 2012 | author = Bureau of Indian Standards | date = 1968 | publisher = Government of India}}</ref> The navy blue colour can be found in the standard IS:1803–1973.<ref name="IS11968"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Materials 3.1.2.2: Colours<ref name="IS11968"/>
|-
! Colour
! X
! Y
! Z
! Brightness, Percent
|-
| India saffron
| 0.538
| 0.360
| 0.102
| 21.5
|-
| White
| 0.313
| 0.319
| 0.368
| 72.6
|-
| India green
| 0.288
| 0.395
| 0.317
| 8.9
|}

The values given in the table correspond to [[CIE 1931 colour space]]. Approximate RGB values for use may be taken to be: India saffron #FF671F, white #FFFFFF, India green #046A38, navy blue #06038D.<ref>Bharatpedia articles for the respective colour names</ref> [[Pantone]] values closest to this are 165 C, White, 2258 C and 2735 C.

{| class=wikitable width=100% style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Colour scheme
! ! style="background:#FF671F; width:20%; color:white;"| India saffron
! style="background:#FFFFFF; width:20%; color:black;"| White
! style="background:#046A38; width:20%; color:white;" | India green
! style="background:#06038D; width:20%; color:white;" | Navy blue
|-
| [[Pantone]] || 165 C || 000 C || 2258 C || 2735 C
|-
| [[CMYK]] || 0-60-88-0 || 0-0-0-0 || 96-0-47-58 || 96-98-0-45
|-
|[[Web colours|HEX]]
|#FF671F
|#FFFFFF
|#046A38
|#06038D
|-
|[[RGB colour model|RGB]]
|255,103,31
|255,255,255
|4,106,56
|6,3,141
|}

== Symbolism ==
[[File:Flag of India, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Flag of India, New Delhi]]
Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by [[Pingali Venkayya]]. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing, between a red stripe for Hindus and a green stripe for Muslims. The design was then modified to replace red with saffron and to include a white stripe in the centre for other religious communities (as well to symbolise peace between the communities), and provide a background for the spinning wheel. However, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, the three bands were later reassigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title = Flag of India| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]| year = 2009| url = https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1355310/flag-of-India| access-date = 2 July 2009| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215142903/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1355310/flag-of-India| archive-date = 15 December 2008}}</ref>

A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted [[Constituent Assembly]] decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities.<ref name="FOTW" /> A modified version of the ''Swaraj'' flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the spinning wheel was replaced by the [[Ashoka Chakra]] representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], who later became India's first [[Vice President of India|Vice President]] and second [[President of India|President]], clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as follows:

{{cquote|''Bhagwa'' or the [[Saffron (colour)|Saffron]] denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of [[dharma]]. Truth or ''[[satya]]'', ''dharma'' or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change.<ref name=PIB>{{cite web|title=Flag Code of India, 2002|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India|date=3 April 2002|access-date=23 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520211458/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|archive-date=20 May 2015}}</ref>}}

== Protocol ==
{{Main|Flag code of India|Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971}}
[[File:India-flag-horiz-vert.svg|thumb|alt=Two Indian flags side by side, the first is horizontal with the saffron band at the top, the second is vertical with the saffron band to the left.|{{FIAV|normal}}Correct horizontal and vertical display of the flag]]
Display and usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002 (successor to the Flag Code – India, the original flag code); the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the Prevention of Insults to National Honor Act, 1971.<ref name="Code2002" /> Insults to the national flag, including gross affronts or indignities to it, as well as using it in a manner so as to violate the provisions of the Flag Code, are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or both.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/pdf/Prevention_Insults_National_Honour_Act1971.pdf|title=The Prevention of Insults To National Honour Act, 1971|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=30 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123231821/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/pdf/Prevention_Insults_National_Honour_Act1971.pdf|archive-date=23 January 2017}}</ref>

Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water, or be used as a drapery in any form.<ref name="Code2002" /> The flag may not be intentionally placed upside down, dipped in anything, or hold any objects other than flower petals before unfurling. No sort of lettering may be inscribed on the flag.<ref name="NIC"/> When out in the open, the flag should always be flown between sunrise and sunset, irrespective of the weather conditions. Prior to 2009, the flag could be flown on a public building at night under special circumstances; currently, Indian citizens can fly the flag even at night, subject to the restriction that the flag should be hoisted on a tall flagpole and be well-illuminated.<ref name="Code2002" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-24/india/28074561_1_national-flag-flag-code-naveen-jindal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811045406/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-24/india/28074561_1_national-flag-flag-code-naveen-jindal|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Now, Indians can fly Tricolour at night|last=Press Trust of India|author-link=Press Trust of India|date=24 December 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 February 2010}}</ref>

The flag should never be depicted, displayed or flown upside down. It is considered insulting to display the flag in a frayed or dirty state, and the same rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to hoist the flag, which should always be in a proper state of maintenance.<ref name="NIC" />

The original flag code of India did not allow private citizens to fly the national flag except on national days such as [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] or [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]. In 2001, [[Naveen Jindal]], an industrialist used to the more egalitarian use of the flag in the United States where he studied, flew the Indian flag on his office building. The flag was confiscated and he was warned of prosecution. Jindal filed a [[public interest litigation]] petition in the [[High Court of Delhi]]; he sought to strike down the restriction on the use of the flag by private citizens, arguing that hoisting the national flag with due decorum and honour was his right as a citizen, and a way of expressing his love for the country.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm|date = 13 June 2001|title = My Flag, My Country|access-date = 15 November 2007|work = Rediff.com|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071121183544/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm|archive-date = 21 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="jindal">{{cite web | title= Union of India v. Navin Jindal | work=Supreme Court of India | url=http://www.supremecourtonline.com/cases/9305.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041224041041/http://www.supremecourtonline.com/cases/9305.html | archive-date=24 December 2004| access-date=1 July 2005}}</ref>
[[File:National Flag of India at Central Park.jpg|thumb|The flag of India showcases three colours in a horizontal fashion: saffron, white and green with an Ashoka Chakra in the middle.]]
At the end of the appeals process, the case was heard by the [[Supreme Court of India]]; the court ruled in Jindal's favour, asking the [[Government of India]] to consider the matter. The [[Union Cabinet of India]] then amended the Indian Flag Code with effect from 26 January 2002, allowing private citizens to hoist the flag on any day of the year, subject to their safeguarding the dignity, honour and respect of the flag.<ref name="Code2002" /> It is also held that the code was not a statute and restrictions under the code ought to be followed; also, the right to fly the flag is a qualified right, unlike the absolute rights guaranteed to citizens, and should be interpreted in the context of [[Part Nineteen of the Constitution of India|Article 19 of the Constitution of India]].<ref name="Code2002" />

The original flag code also forbade use of the flag on uniforms, costumes and other clothing. In July 2005, the Government of India amended the code to allow some forms of usage. The amended code forbids usage in clothing below the waist and on undergarments, and forbids embroidering onto pillowcases, handkerchiefs or other dress material.<ref name="Belt">{{cite news | author=Chadha, Monica | date=6 July 2005 | title=Indians can wear flag with pride | publisher=BBC | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4656963.stm | access-date=18 February 2012 | archive-date=6 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106215759/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4656963.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>

Disposal of damaged flags is also covered by the flag code. Damaged or soiled flags may not be cast aside or disrespectfully destroyed; they have to be destroyed as a whole in private, preferably by burning or by any other method consistent with the dignity of the flag.<ref name="NIC" />

=== Display ===
[[File:IndiaFlagTwoNations.png|thumb|upright|alt=The Indian flag and another flag on crossed poles; the Indian flag is at the left.|Placement protocol for the Indian flag with another country's flag]]
[[File:IndiaFlagIndoors.png|thumb|upright|alt=The Indian flag is placed on the observer's left|Placement protocol for the Indian flag indoors]]

The rules regarding the correct methods to display the flag state that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their [[hoist (flag)|hoists]] should be towards each other with the saffron stripes uppermost. If the flag is displayed on a short flagpole, this should be mounted at an angle to the wall with the flag draped tastefully from it. If two national flags are displayed on crossed staffs, the hoists must be towards each other and the flags must be fully spread out. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, or be draped from railings.<ref name="NIC" />

Whenever the flag is displayed indoors in halls at public meetings or gatherings of any kind, it should always be on the right (observers' left), as this is the position of authority. So when the flag is displayed next to a speaker in the hall or other meeting place, it must be placed on the speaker's right hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, it should be to the right of the audience. The flag should be displayed completely spread out with the saffron stripe on top. If hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron stripe should be to the left of the onlookers facing the flag with the hoist cord at the top.<ref name="NIC" />

[[File:IndiaFlagParade.png|left|thumb|alt=Sketch of eight people carrying flags in a procession, the first and last persons have the India tricolour|A flag procession]]
The flag, when carried in a procession or parade or with another flag or flags, should be on the marching right or alone in the centre at the front. The flag may form a distinctive feature of the unveiling of a statue, monument, or plaque, but should never be used as the covering for the object. As a mark of respect to the flag, it should never be [[Flag dipping|dipped]] to a person or thing, as opposed to regimental colours, organisational or institutional flags, which may be dipped as a mark of honour. During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag, or when the flag is passing in a parade or in a review, all persons present should face the flag and stand at attention. Those present in uniform should render the appropriate salute. When the flag is in a moving column, persons present will stand at attention or salute as the flag passes them. A dignitary may take the salute without a head dress. The flag salutation should be followed by the playing of the [[Jana Gana Mana|national anthem]].<ref name="NIC" />

[[File:India-0037 - Red Fort (2214262369).jpg|300px|right|thumb|Indian Flag at the [[Red Fort]], Delhi]]
The privilege of flying the national flag on vehicles is restricted to the President, the Vice President or the Prime Minister, [[Governors of states of India|Governors and Lieutenant Governors]] of states, [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Ministers]], [[Union Council of Ministers of India|Union Ministers]], members of the [[Parliament of India]] and [[States of India|state legislatures]] of the [[States and territories of India|Indian states]] ([[Vidhan Sabha]] and [[Vidhan Parishad]]), judges of the [[Supreme Court of India]] and [[List of High Courts of India|High Courts]], and [[flag officer]]s of the [[Indian Army|Army]], [[Indian Navy|Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]]. The flag has to be flown from a staff affixed firmly either on the middle front or to the front right side of the car. When a foreign dignitary travels in a car provided by government, the flag should be flown on the right side of the car while the flag of the foreign country should be flown on the left side.<ref name="NIC"/>

The flag should be flown on the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice President or the Prime Minister on a visit to a foreign country. Alongside the National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be flown; however, when the aircraft lands in countries en route, the national flags of the respective countries would be flown instead. When carrying the president within India, aircraft display the flag on the side the president embarks or disembarks; the flag is similarly flown on trains, but only when the train is stationary or approaching a railway station.<ref name="NIC" />

When the Indian flag is flown on Indian territory along with other national flags, the general rule is that the Indian flag should be the starting point of all flags. When flags are placed in a straight line, the rightmost flag (leftmost to the observer facing the flag) is the Indian flag, followed by other national flags in alphabetical order. When placed in a circle, the Indian flag is the first point and is followed by other flags alphabetically. In such placement, all other flags should be of approximately the same size with no other flag being larger than the Indian flag. Each national flag should also be flown from its own pole and no flag should be placed higher than another. In addition to being the first flag, the Indian flag may also be placed within the row or circle alphabetically. When placed on crossed poles, the Indian flag should be in front of the other flag, and to the right (observer's left) of the other flag. The only exception to the preceding rule is when it is flown along with the [[flag of the United Nations]], which may be placed to the right of the Indian flag.<ref name="NIC" />

When the Indian flag is displayed with non-national flags, including corporate flags and advertising banners, the rules state that if the flags are on separate staffs, the flag of India should be in the middle, or the furthest left from the viewpoint of the onlookers, or at least one flag's breadth higher than the other flags in the group. Its flagpole must be in front of the other poles in the group, but if they are on the same staff, it must be the uppermost flag. If the flag is carried in procession with other flags, it must be at the head of the marching procession, or if carried with a row of flags in line abreast, it must be carried to the marching right of the procession.<ref name="NIC" />

=== Half-mast ===
[[File:The flag of India at half-mast hoisted on THE RED FORT at the time of national mourning.jpg|thumb|Indian flag flown at half-mast at the Red Fort]]

The flag should be flown at [[half-staff|half-mast]] as a sign of mourning. The decision to do so lies with the President of India, who also decides the period of such mourning. When the flag is to be flown at half mast, it must first be raised to the top of the mast and then slowly lowered. Only the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags remain at normal height.

The flag is flown half-mast nationwide on the death of the President, Vice President or Prime Minister. It is flown half-mast in New Delhi and the state of origin for the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Union Ministers. On deaths of Governors, Lt. Governors and Chief Ministers, the flag is flown at half-mast in the respective states and union territories.

The Indian flag cannot be flown at half-mast on Republic Day (26 January), Independence day (15 August), [[Gandhi Jayanti]] (2 October), or state formation anniversaries, except over buildings housing the body of the deceased dignitary. However, even in such cases, the flag must be raised to full-mast when the body is moved from the building.

Observances of State mourning on the death of foreign dignitaries are governed by special instructions issued from the Ministry of Home Affairs in individual cases. However, in the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a foreign country, the Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag at half-mast.

On occasions of state, military, central para-military forces funerals, the flag shall be draped over the bier or coffin with the saffron towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre.<ref name="NIC" />

=== Manufacturing process ===
[[File:Indian flag header Size 6.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Lettering written and printed on a canvas strip|A header of an Indian flag (size 6, date 2007/2008) certified by the [[Indian Standards Institute|ISI]]]]
The design and manufacturing process for the national flag is regulated by three documents issued by the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] (BIS). All of the flags are made out of [[khadi]] cloth of silk or cotton. The standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bis.org.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf |title=Indian Standards |access-date=29 November 2008 |publisher=Bureau of Indian Standards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911040808/http://www.bis.org.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf |archive-date=11 September 2008}}</ref> Nine standard sizes of the flag are specified by law.<ref name="NIC" />

In 1951, after India became a republic, the Indian Standards Institute (now the BIS) brought out the first official specifications for the flag. These were revised in 1964 to conform to the [[International System of Units|metric system]] which was adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 17 August 1968.<ref name="Code2002" /> The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and [[hemp]] [[rope|cordage]]. The guidelines are covered under civil and criminal laws and defects in the manufacturing process can result in punishments that include fines or jail terms.<ref name="KVIC">{{cite news |first =Shyam Sundar|last =Vattam|url =http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun152004/spt2.asp|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060522230211/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun152004/spt2.asp|archive-date=22 May 2006|title =Why all national flags will be 'Made in Hubli'|newspaper =[[Deccan Herald]]|date =15 June 2004|access-date =11 October 2006}}</ref><ref name="Process">{{cite news |title=The Flag Town |author=Aruna Chandaraju |date=15 August 2004 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/08/15/stories/2004081500450200.htm |access-date=10 February 2010 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923163100/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/08/15/stories/2004081500450200.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=23 September 2009}}</ref>

Until 2021, [[Khadi]] or hand-spun cloth was the only material allowed to be used for the flag, and flying a flag made of any other material was punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, besides a fine (although this was rarely enforced). Raw materials for khadi are restricted to cotton, silk and wool. There are two kinds of khadi used: The first is the khadi-bunting which makes up the body of the flag, and the second is the khadi-duck, which is a beige-coloured cloth that holds the flag to the pole. The khadi-duck is an unconventional type of weave that meshes three threads into a weave, compared to the two threads used in conventional weaving. This type of weaving is extremely rare, and there are fewer than twenty weavers in India professing this skill. The guidelines also state that there should be exactly 150 threads per square centimetre, four threads per stitch, and one square foot should weigh exactly {{convert|205|g}}.<ref name="Code2002" /><ref name="KVIC" /><ref name="Process" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/08/15/stories/2004081500450200.htm|title=The flag town|last=Chandaraju|first=Aruna|date=15 August 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=17 February 2010|location=Chennai, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923163100/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/08/15/stories/2004081500450200.htm|archive-date=23 September 2009}}</ref>

The woven khadi is obtained from two handloom units in the [[Dharwad]] and [[Bagalkot]] districts of northern [[Karnataka]]. {{As of|2022}}, there are four BIS flag production and supply units; namely [[Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha]] based in [[Hubli]], Khadi Dyers & Printers (also known as Kore Gramodyog Kendra) based in [[Borivali]], KDP Enterprises based in [[Vasai]], and the Madhya Bharat Khadi Sangh based in [[Gwalior]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS_2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian_standards/isdetails/ |title=Specification for the national flag of India (Cotton khadi)|access-date=24 July 2023 |publisher=Bureau of Indian Standards}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The tricolour story |author=Nitin Sreedhar |date=14 August 2016 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/the-tricolour-story/347129/ |access-date=3 July 2023 |newspaper=The Financial Express }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ग्वालियर खादी संघ बना रहा 4 गुना राष्ट्रीय ध्वज, पूरे देश में यहीं से होते हैं त‍िरंगे सप्‍लाई |date=30 July 2022 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/trending-news/gwalior-khadi-sangh-makes-tricolor-flying-in-many-parts-of-country-in-independence-day-mpap/965015|access-date=20 July 2023 |newspaper=zeenews.india.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indore: Amendment in Flag-Code made National Flag affordable, price came down from Rs 700 to Rs 25 per piece |author=Manish Upadhyay |date=6 August 2022 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-amendment-in-flag-code-made-national-flag-affordable-price-came-down-from-rs-700-to-rs-25-per-piece |access-date=20 July 2023 |newspaper=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tiranga of Gwalior: Tricolor made in Gwalior hoisted in half of the country |date=26 January 2023 |url=https://pipanews.com/tiranga-of-gwalior-tricolor-made-in-gwalior-hoisted-in-half-of-the-country-pipa-news/ |access-date=20 July 2023 |newspaper=pipanews.com}}</ref> The unit in Gwalior in particular has a laboratory for testing the standard of the Khadi cloth used for making the flags.

Permission for setting up flag manufacturing units in India is allotted by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, though the BIS has the power to cancel the licences of units that flout guidelines.<ref name="Code2002" />
<ref name="Process" /> The hand-woven khadi for the National Flag was initially manufactured at [[Garag]], a small village in the Dharwad district. A Centre was established at Garag in 1954 by a few freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the centre's licence to make flags.<ref name="Code2002" />

Once woven, the material is sent to the BIS laboratories for testing. After quality testing, the material, if approved, is returned to the factory. It is then separated into three lots which are dyed saffron, white and green. The Ashoka Chakra is screen printed, stencilled or suitably embroidered onto each side of the white cloth. Care also has to be taken that the chakra is completely visible and synchronised on both sides. Three pieces of the required dimension, one of each colour, are then stitched together according to specifications and the final product is ironed and packed. The BIS then checks the colours and only then can the flag be sold.<ref name="KVIC" /><ref name="Process" />

In December 2021 the [[Government of India]] amended the flag code to allow machine manufacturing of flags as well as the use of alternative materials including polyester, non-khadi cotton or silk.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Har Ghar Tiranga: National flag can now be machine-made, in polyester |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/har-ghar-tiranga-national-flag-can-now-be-machine-made-in-polyester-122060100386_1.html |work=The Business Standard |date=2022-06-01 |access-date=2022-06-11 |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611081021/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/har-ghar-tiranga-national-flag-can-now-be-machine-made-in-polyester-122060100386_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Tiranga Point]]
* [[Indian Naval Ensign]]
* [[Jana Gana Mana]]
* [[Largest Human Flag of India]]
* [[List of Indian flags]]
* [[List of Indian state flags]]
* [[National Pledge (India)|National Pledge]]
* [[Satyameva Jayate]]
* [[State Emblem of India|National Emblem of India]]
* [[Vande Mataram]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group="N"}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

=== Cited Sources ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Virmani|first=Arundhati| author-link=Arundhati Virmani|title=A National Flag for India: Rituals, Nationalism and the Politics of Sentiment|publisher=Delhi, Permanent Black|year=2008| isbn=978-81-7824-232-3}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Virmani|first=Arundhati | title=National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March–August 1923| jstor=651278 | date=August 1999| journal=Past & Present | volume=164 |issue=164 | pages=169–197 | doi=10.1093/past/164.1.169}}.
* {{Cite journal|last=Roy|first=Srirupa|title=A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906– |journal=Journal of Asian Studies|volume = 65| date = August 2006|oclc=37893507| issn=0021-9118| issue = 3}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Jha|first=Sadan | title=The Indian National Flag as a site of daily plebiscite| date=25 October 2008| journal=Economic and Political Weekly | pages=102–111|issn=0012-9976|oclc=1567377 }}
* {{cite web| title=Indian Standards| work=Bureau of Indian Standards| url=http://www.bis.org.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf| access-date=1 July 2005| archive-date=11 January 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111123731/https://bis.gov.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf%20| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=India| work=[[Flags of the World (website)|Flags of the World]]| url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html| access-date=30 June 2005| archive-date=18 October 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018060420/http://crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=India: Historical Flags| work=Flags of the World| url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-hist.html| access-date=30 June 2005| archive-date=1 June 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601003424/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-hist.html| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=Flying the real tricolour| work=Rediff.com| url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/jan/25flag.htm| access-date=1 July 2005| archive-date=19 October 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019205647/http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/jan/25flag.htm| url-status=live}}
* {{cite web| title=My Flag, My Country| work=Rediff.com| url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm| access-date=1 July 2005| archive-date=21 November 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121183544/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm| url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|first=Trevor|last=Royle|title=The Last Days of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-W5QgAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=John Murray|isbn=978-0-7195-5686-9|page=217}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisourcepar|Flag Code of India}}
* {{cite web | title= National Flag | work=National Portal of India |publisher=[[Government of India]]| url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_flag.php| access-date=8 February 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126160054/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_flag.php  | archive-date=26 January 2010}}
* {{cite web | title= History of Indian Tricolour | work=National Portal of India |publisher=[[Government of India]]| url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/national_flag.php| access-date=15 August 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809095826/http://india.gov.in/myindia/national_flag.php  | archive-date=9 August 2010}}
* {{cite web | title= Flag Code of India | publisher= Ministry of Home Affairs (India) | url= http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/pdf/flagcodeofindia.pdf | access-date= 26 July 2016 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211150/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/pdf/flagcodeofindia.pdf | archive-date= 19 October 2017}}
* {{FOTW|id=in|title=India}}

{{Symbols of India}}
{{Life in India}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}
{{National flags}}

[[Category:Flags of India| ]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:National flags|India]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1947|India]]

Minavada, Gujarat

2023-09-16T12:51:47Z

BrockKemp6350: Shared a valuable resource.

{{notability}}

{{Short description|Town in Gujarat, India}}

'''Minavada''' is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Temple]] town located in [[Kheda district|Kheda District]] of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. It is known for [[Momai|Momai maa]] or Dashama Temple located at the town.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gujarat |first=Connect |title=ખેડા : મીનાવાડા સ્થિત દશામાંનું મંદિર “દશામાં વ્રત” દરમ્યાન 17 દિવસ રહેશે બંધ, જાણો શું છે કારણ..! |url=https://gujarati.connectgujarat.com/kheda-minavada-dashama-temple/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Connect Gujarat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Perez |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aQo1EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT47&dq=minavada%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiq5tf8u6yBAxURXEEAHRkoCUkQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Transdisciplinary Ethnography in India: Women in the Field |last2=Fruzzetti |first2=Lina M. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-41772-2 |language=en}}</ref> The Temple is 55KM away from Ahmedabad and 25km away from Dakor.

== History ==
It was believed that an idol of Dashama was being worshipped in a river. In 1990s, A Parcha was made by Dashamaa through a girl named Sharda who is also worshipped at the temple today.<ref>{{Citation |title=Minavada Dashama Temple ।। History of Dashama Mandir Minavada ।। Gujarat Tourism |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCaDlT_7F8w |access-date=2023-09-15 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gujarat-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Gujarat]]

Bombay Quadrangular

2023-06-10T13:28:23Z

BrockKemp6350: /* Further reading */

{{Short description|Indian cricket competition (1912–1936)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
The '''Bombay Quadrangular''' was an influential [[cricket]] tournament held in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[British India]] between 1892–93 and 1945–46.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scoreline.org/history-of-first-class-cricket/|title=History of First Class Cricket ||first=Abid Ali|last=Kazi|date=24 December 2015}}</ref>

At other times it was known variously as the '''[[Bombay Presidency|Presidency]] Match''', '''Bombay Triangular''', and the '''Bombay Pentangular'''.

==Presidency Match==
The Quadrangular tournament had its origins in an annual match played between the [[Europe]]an members of the [[Bombay Gymkhana]] and the [[Parsi people|Parsis]] of the [[Zoroastrian]] Cricket Club. The first such game was played in 1877, when the Bombay Gymkhana accepted a request for a two-day match from the Parsis. The game was played in good spirit, with the Parsis surprising the Europeans by taking a first [[innings]] lead. The Gymkhana recovered, but the match was drawn with the sides evenly poised. The challenge was played again in 1878 and looked set to become an annual event, but racial discontent intervened. From 1879 to 1883, the Parsis and [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] of Bombay were locked in a struggle against the governing Europeans over the use of the playing fields known as the Bombay Maidan. Gymkhana members would play [[polo]] on the field, rendering much of it useless for cricket because of the large divots left by the horses, while sparing their own European-only cricket ground. With this dispute settled in favour of the natives, the Europeans versus Parsis matches resumed in 1884.

The 1889 game was memorable as a thrilling victory to the Parsis, with the Gymkhana being set a target of 53 to win: Parsi captain [[M.E. Pavri]] [[bowling (cricket)|bowled]] well to help dismiss the Europeans for 50, giving the Parsis a two-run victory. Matches from 1892–93 are given [[first class cricket|first class]] status: the match that began at Bombay Gymkhana on 26 August 1892 is considered the earliest first class match in India.

By 1900, the Presidency Match – as the Europeans versus Parsis game had come to be called – was the highlight of the Bombay cricket season. In the 19 matches to this year, the teams had won eight each and drawn three.

==Bombay Triangular==
While the Europeans and Parsis were regularly playing against each other, the Hindu Gymkhana had been amassing its own quality players. In 1906, the [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] challenged the Parsis to a match, but the [[Communalism (South Asia)|communal]] differences between the clubs led the Parsis to decline. The Bombay Gymkhana stepped in and accepted the challenge, leading to the first Europeans versus Hindus match, played that February. The Hindu side ended up recording a stunning 110-run victory over the Europeans. The Hindus boasted [[Palwankar Baloo]], who is regarded as India's first great [[spin bowling|spin bowler]], and perhaps the first person from the [[Chamar]] caste<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kidambi |first=Prashant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50KjDwAAQBAJ&dq=baloo+palwankar+was+a+chamar&pg=PA149 |title=Cricket Country: An Indian Odyssey in the Age of Empire |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-884313-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajan |first=Vithal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkl_W_aNu4YC&dq=baloo+palwankar+was+a+chamar&pg=PT128 |title=Holmes of the Raj |date=2011-12-12 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-250-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Menon |first=Dilip M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxDB5GBCpNEC&dq=baloo+palwankar+was+a+chamar&pg=PR16 |title=Cultural History of Modern India |date=2006 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-81-87358-25-1 |language=en}}</ref> to make an impact in an Indian sporting arena. He was not allowed the captaincy of the team because of his caste,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhrubo Jyoti |first1= |title=India's first Dalit cricketer Palwankar Baloo fought against caste barriers on the field and off it |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/india-s-first-dalit-cricketer-palwankar-baloo-fought-against-caste-barriers-on-the-field-and-off-it/story-Cz10GUgvkQoLI4b7fhNVEO.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 September 2018}}</ref> but his younger brother [[Palwankar Vithal]], a batsman, would go on to captain the Hindus in 1923, following a campaign to accord recognition to the Palwankar brothers in the wake of the anti-casteism advocated during the [[Indian Independence Movement]].

The next year, 1907, saw the first Triangular tournament featuring teams from the Bombay and Hindu Gymkhanas as well as the Zoroastrian Cricket Club. From 1907 to 1911 the tournament was played in September, with the Parsis winning three times and the Europeans twice.

==Bombay Quadrangular==
In 1912, the [[Muslims]] of the Mohammedan Gymkhana were invited to the now famous Bombay tournament, making it a Quadrangular. The tournament was held throughout [[World War I]], but poor weather at the end of the [[monsoon]] season rained out four of the six finals played up until 1916. In 1917, the Quadrangular was moved to November/December to avoid such problems. Another change for the 1917 tournament was the use of neutral [[umpire (cricket)|umpire]]s for the first time. Up to this season, a European umpire appointed by the Bombay Gymkhana had always officiated, but from now on the umpires for any match would be supplied by the non-competing teams. This was one of the first uses of neutral umpires in world cricket.

The Quadrangular became more popular than its predecessor, and for many years formed the highlight of the Bombay year. This was against the backdrop of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]]'s campaigns for the [[Indian Home Rule movement|Indian home rule]]. Gandhi and his followers were critical of the Quadrangular, seeing the tournament as having the effect of quelling opposition to [[British Raj|British colonial rule]] by ensuring continued support toward Britain's presence and cultural influence on the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Gandhi, who had himself played cricket as a schoolboy, was not against having a cricket tournament, but was opposed to having teams formed on the basis of their religion. In 1940 he is known to have asked the "sporting public of Bombay to revise their sporting code and to erase from it communal matches."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/09/30/stories/0730028p.htm | work = The Hindu | author = Ramachandra Guha | title = Gandhi and cricket | date = 30 September 2001 | access-date = 25 October 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061011044955/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/09/30/stories/0730028p.htm | archive-date = 11 October 2006 | url-status = usurped }}</ref>

The 1921 tournament attracted particular attention, as [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|the Prince of Wales]] visited Bombay during it. His arrival sparked three days of political rioting in Bombay, but did not disrupt the tournament. After the riots had ended, he attended the first day of the final, accepting cheers from a pro-European crowd, who eventually witnessed the Parsis prevail over the Bombay Gymkhana.

By the 1920s, the Gymkhanas were recruiting players from all over the [[Indian subcontinent]], making the Bombay Quadrangular the biggest and most influential cricket tournament in India. It also inspired other local competitions, including a Triangular in [[Lahore]] and Quadrangulars in [[Nagpur]] and [[Karachi]], that led to the rapid development of cricket throughout the region. Although the Quadrangular partly quelled discrimination on racial or [[caste]] lines, the question of religion came up in 1924. The Hindu Gymkhana initially extended an invitation to P. A. Kanickam of [[Bangalore]] to play for them. Later they discovered that the player was not a Hindu, but a [[Christians|Christian]], and withdrew their invitation. With the Europeans not accepting Indians, and the Hindus not accepting Christians, Kanickam had no way of playing in the tournament.

In 1930, Gandhi's campaign reached a climax with the [[Salt Satyagraha]], provoking [[civil disobedience]] and the arrests of 60,000 Indians. Amidst this political turmoil, the Quadrangular tournament was cancelled. It was not held again until 1934, when the cricket-starved public enthusiastically supported its reinstatement. In 1935, the sports editor of the nationalist ''Bombay Chronicle'', J. C. Maitra, suggested the Quadrangular be replaced with a geographic-zone-based tournament, to remove the racial and religious overtones. A newspaper correspondent argued an opposite case, for expansion into a Pentangular, with a team for Indian Christians. The public however clamoured for the traditional format and these suggestions were ignored.

==Bombay Pentangular==
Finally, in 1937, a fifth team, called [[The Rest cricket team|The Rest]], was admitted to the tournament. It comprised [[Buddhist]]s, [[Jew]]s, and Indian Christians. On the odd occasion, players from [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] appeared for them including at least one Hindu. The first Pentangular, however, was played between just four teams, as the Hindus withdrew in protest over not being allocated what they considered a fair share of seats in the new [[Brabourne Stadium]].

From 1938, the Pentangular attracted growing criticism as being divisive because of the [[Communalism (South Asia)|communalism]] implicit in the makeup of the teams. This was exacerbated by the growing political movement for Indian independence, which wished to foster unity amongst Indians as opposed to competition. Eventually, amidst a backdrop of rioting and political unrest across India, the newly formed [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] announced in 1946 that the Pentangular tournament was being abandoned, and being replaced by a zonal competition. The [[Ranji Trophy]], in which regional teams from all over India compete, became the pre-eminent Indian cricket competition.

==Tournament winners==

===Bombay Presidency winners===
* 1892-93 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1893-94 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1894-95 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1895-96 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1896-97 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1897-98 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1898-99 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1899-1900 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1900-01 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1901-02 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1902-03 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1903-04 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1904-05 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1905-06 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1906-07 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Triangular winners===
* 1907-08 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1908-09 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1909-10 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1910-11 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1911-12 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Quadrangular winners===
* 1912-13 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1913-14 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1914-15 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1915-16 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1916-17 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1917-18 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1918-19 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1919-20 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1920-21 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] and [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]] shared
* 1921-22 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1922-23 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1923-24 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1924-25 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1925-26 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1926-27 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1927-28 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1928-29 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1929-30 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1930-31 – ''not contested''
* 1931-32 – ''not contested''
* 1932-33 – ''not contested''
* 1933-34 – ''not contested''
* 1934-35 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1935-36 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1936-37 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Pentangular winners===
* 1937-38 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1938-39 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1939-40 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1940-41 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1941-42 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1942-43 – ''not contested''
* 1943-44 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1944-45 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1945-46 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Vasant Raiji]], ''India's Hambledon Men'', [[Tyeby Press]], 1986
* [[Mihir Bose]], ''A History of Indian Cricket'', [[Andre Deutsch]], 1990
* {{cite book|author=[[Ramachandra Guha|Guha, Ramachandra]]|title=A Corner of a Foreign Field – An Indian History of a British Sport|publisher=[[Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|date=September 2014|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/a-corner-of-a-foreign-field/|isbn=9780143427681|pages=568|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929171136/https://penguin.co.in/book/a-corner-of-a-foreign-field/}}

[[Category:Indian domestic cricket competitions]]
[[Category:Cricket in Mumbai]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1936 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1912]]
[[Category:Recurring events disestablished in 1936]]

WION (TV channel)

2023-05-24T14:44:27Z

BrockKemp6350: Published unique article content.

#REDIRECT [[WION]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
{{R from unnecessary disambiguation}}
{{R unprintworthy}}
}}

Uttarakhand women's cricket team

2023-02-05T17:24:26Z

BrockKemp6350: /* Competitive record */

{{short description|Uttarakhand women's cricket team}}
{{About|the women's team|the men's team|Uttarakhand cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Uttarakhand
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| nickname =
| league = [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]] (LA) [[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]] (T20)
| conference =
| association = [[Cricket Association of Uttarakhand]]
| captain = [[Ekta Bisht]]
| coach = Manish Jha
| founded = 2018
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]]
| capacity = 25,000
| owner =
| first_la = v [[Bihar women's cricket team|Bihar]], Ravenshaw University Ground 2, [[Cuttack]]; 2 December 2018
| first_t20 = v [[Tripura women's cricket team|Tripura]], Police Training Academy Ground, [[Agartala]]; 21 February 2019
| a_pattern_la =
| a_pattern_b =
| a_pattern_ra =
| a_pattern_pants =
| a_leftarm = 001163
| a_body = 82CAFF
| a_rightarm = 001163
| a_pants = 001163
| a_title = WLA [[Cricket clothing and equipment|kit]]
| t_pattern_la =
| t_pattern_b =
| t_pattern_ra =
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_leftarm = 001163
| t_body = 82CAFF
| t_rightarm = 001163
| t_pants = 001163
| t_title = WT20 [[Cricket clothing and equipment|kit]]
| title1 = [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]]
| title1wins =
| title2 = [[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]]
| title2wins =
| title3 =
| title3wins =
| website = [http://www.cauttarakhand.tv/ CAU]
}}

The '''Uttarakhand women's cricket team''' is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the [[India]]n state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/43/43893/43893.html|title=Uttarakhand Women at Cricketarchive|website=Cricketarchive|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> The team has represented the state in [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]] ([[List A cricket|List A]]) and [[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]] ([[Women's Twenty20|T20]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcci.tv/senior-womens-one-day-league-2018-19/overview|title=senior-womens-one-day-league}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcci.tv/senior-womens-t20-league-2018-19/results|title=senior-womens-t20-league}}</ref>

==Competitive record==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]] ([[List A cricket|List A]])
|-
! Season
! Group
! Matches
! Wins
! Losses
! Ties
! No Result
! Performance
|-
| [[2018–19 Senior Women's One Day League|2018–19]]
| Plate Group
| 9
| 7
| 2
| 0
| 0
| Quarter-finals
|-
| [[2019–20 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2019–20]]
| Group C
| 8
| 0
| 8
| 0
| 0
| Group Stage
|-
| [[2020–21 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2020–21]]
| Group B
| 5
| 1
| 4
| 0
| 0
| Group Stage
|-
| [[2021–22 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2021–22]]
| Group B
| 5
| 2
| 3
| 0
| 0
| Group Stage
|-
| [[2022–23 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2022–23]]
| Group D
| 8
| 6
| 2
| 0
| 0
| Semi-finals
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
| '''35'''
| '''16'''
| '''19'''
| '''0'''
| '''0'''
| '''–'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]] ([[Women's Twenty20|T20]])
|-
! Season
! Group
! Matches
! Wins
! Losses
! Ties
! No Result
! Performance
|-
| [[2018–19 Senior Women's T20 League|2018–19]]
| Group D
| 6
| 1
| 4
| 0
| 1
| Group Stage
|-
| [[2019–20 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|2019–20]]
| Group D
| 7
| 1
| 5
| 0
| 1
| Group Stage
|-
| [[2020–21 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|2020–21]]
| colspan="7"|''Season cancelled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]''
|-
| [[2021–22 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|2021–22]]
| Group D
| 5
| 1
| 4
| 0
| 0
| Group Stage
|-
| [[2022–23 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|2022–23]]
| Group E
| 6
| 2
| 3
| 0
| 1
| Group Stage
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
| '''24'''
| '''5'''
| '''16'''
| '''0'''
| '''3'''
| '''–'''
|}

==See also==
*[[Cricket Association of Uttarakhand]]
*[[Cricket in India]]
*[[India women's national cricket team]]
*[[Uttarakhand cricket team]]
*[[Women's cricket]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cricket in Uttarakhand}}
{{Cricket in India}}
{{Women's Inter State Cricket in India}}
{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Indian first-class cricket teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2018]]

{{India-cricket-team-stub}}

Ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India

2022-10-23T07:17:55Z

BrockKemp6350: Added a new release to the platform.

#REDIRECT [[List of amendments of the Constitution of India]]

User:BrockKemp6350

2021-05-16T01:39:41Z

BrockKemp6350: Created page with "I'm a 35 years old, married and work at the university (Political Science). In my free time I'm trying to teach myself Korean. I have been there and look forward to go the..."

I'm a 35 years old, married and work at the university (Political Science). In my free time I'm trying to teach myself Korean. I have been there and look forward to go there anytime soon. I like to read, preferably on my kindle. I really love to watch Supernatural and The Big Bang Theory as well as docus about nature. I like Roller Derby. Also visit my site [https://livolin.vn/ biểu hiện của bệnh gan yếu]