Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Mirzapur (film)

2026-05-08T09:24:23Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating new entry w/ sources

{{Short description|Upcoming Indian film by Gurmeet Singh}}
{{About|upcoming the film|other uses|Mirzapur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mirzapur (film).jpg
| caption =
| director = Gurmeet Singh
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
* [[Farhan Akhtar]]
}}
| writer = Puneet Krishna
| starring = [[#Cast|see below]]
| cinematography = Sanjay Kapoor
| editing =
| music =
| studio = [[Excel Entertainment]] [[Amazon MGM Studios]]
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2026|9|4|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mirzapur: The Movie''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] directed by Gurmeet Singh and written by Puneet Krishna. Produced by [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] and [[Farhan Akhtar]] under [[Excel Entertainment]], the film has an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Pankaj Tripathi]], [[Ali Fazal]], [[Divyenndu]], [[Jitendra Kumar]], [[Ravi Kishan]], [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]], [[Rasika Dugal]], [[Shweta Tripathi]], [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]], [[Harshita Gaur]], [[Sushant Singh]], [[Mohit Malik]], [[Sheeba Chaddha]], [[Rajesh Tailang]], [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]], [[Anjum Sharma]], [[Sonal Chauhan]], Pramod Pathak, [[Anangsha Biswas]]. It is based on the [[streaming television]] series ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]'' (2018).

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|''Source:''<ref>{{cite web |title='Mirzapur: The Movie' locks theatrical release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mirzapur-the-movie-locks-theatrical-release-date/article70594623.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 February 2026}}</ref>
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]]
* [[Ali Fazal]]
* [[Divyenndu]]
* [[Jitendra Kumar]]
* [[Ravi Kishan]]
* [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]
* [[Rasika Dugal]]
* [[Shweta Tripathi]]
* [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]]
* [[Harshita Gaur]]
* [[Sushant Singh]]
* [[Mohit Malik]]
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]]
* [[Rajesh Tailang]]
* [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]
* [[Anjum Sharma]]
* [[Sonal Chauhan]]
* [[Anangsha Biswas]]
* Shubhrajyoti Barat
* Pramod Pathak
* Prashansa Sharma}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was officially announced by [[Amazon MGM Studios]], with Gurmeet Singh serving as [[film director|director]], and the script is penned by Puneet Krishna, while [[Excel Entertainment]] managed the [[Filmmaking#Production|production]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon MGM Studios, Excel Entertainment Set 'Mirzapur' Film Adaptation for 2026 (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/mirzapur-film-adaptation-pankaj-tripathi-1236191806/ |website=Variety |date=28 October 2024}}</ref> The [[Muhurat shot|muhurat]] puja was held on 14 August 2025 at Excel office in Mumbai with the presence of the film's cast and crew.<ref>{{cite web |title=Video: Pankaj Tripathi arrives for Mirzapur The Film's muhurat puja |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/video/video-pankaj-tripathi-arrives-for-muhurat-puja-of-mirzapur-the-film-2771103-2025-08-14 |website=India Today |date=14 August 2025}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
In August 2025, [[Ravi Kishan]] joined the cast.<ref name=":1" /> In September 2025, [[Mohit Malik]] was added to the cast.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mirzapur: The Film Welcomes Mohit Malik To Its Power-Packed Cast |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/mirzapur-the-film-welcomes-mohit-malik-to-its-power-packed-cast-ws-l-9549674.html |website=News18 |date=4 September 2025}}</ref> In the same month, [[Jitendra Kumar]] was cast to replacing [[Vikrant Massey]], who exited the project.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Jitendra Kumar replacing Vikrant Massey as Bablu Pandit in 'Mirzapur: The Film'? |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/is-jitendra-kumar-replacing-vikrant-massey-as-bablu-pandit-in-mirzapur-the-film/cid/2121928 |website=Telegraph India |date=8 September 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vikrant Massey Says No to Farhan Akhtar…Again! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/hyderabad-chronicle/vikrant-massey-says-no-to-farhan-akhtaragain-1906353 |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In October 2025, [[Sonal Chauhan]] and [[Anjum Sharma]] were added to the cast.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonal Chauhan joins the cast of Mirzapur: The Film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Oct/27/sonal-chauhan-joins-the-cast-of-mirzapur-the-film |website=Cinema Express |date=27 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anjum Sharma makes a comeback in Mirzapur prequel: "It feels like stepping back into Sharad Shukla's shoes" : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/anjum-sharma-makes-comeback-mirzapur-prequel-feels-like-stepping-back-sharad-shuklas-shoes/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=30 October 2025}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The script reading session was held on 15 August 2025.<ref name=":1" >{{cite web |title=Jitendra Kumar, Ravi Kishan join cast of Mirzapur The Film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-jitendra-kumar-ravi-kishan-join-ali-fazal-pankaj-tripathi-divyenndu-in-mirzapur-the-film-101755258007708.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 August 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began the following month in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rasika Dugal begins first schedule of Mirzapur: The Film in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rasika-dugal-begins-first-schedule-of-mirzapur-the-film-in-mumbai/articleshow/123757878.cms |website=The Times of India |date=8 September 2025}}</ref> Later production moved to [[Varanasi]] in October 2025 for its second schedule,<ref>{{cite web |title=Shweta Tripathi begins shooting for 'Mirzapur: The Film' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shweta-tripathi-begins-shoot-for-mirzapur-the-film-pankaj-tripathi-ali-fazal/article70135063.ece |website=The Hindu |date=7 October 2025}}</ref> which was completed within the same month.<ref>{{cite web |title='Mirzapur' film: It's a wrap for Benaras leg of shoot, Mumbai schedule to begin November |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/its-a-wrap-for-benaras-leg-of-shoot-for-pankaj-tripathi-ali-fazal-and-shweta-tripathi-sharma/cid/2130130 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 October 2025}}</ref> The next schedule was held in [[Jaisalmer]] followed by [[Jodhpur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shweta Tripathi opens up on shooting for Mirzapur The Film: This is a new chapter |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/shweta-tripathi-opens-up-on-shooting-for-mirzapur-the-film-this-is-a-new-chapter-101763328536703.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=17 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Mirzapur: The Film': It's a wrap for Jodhpur leg of shoot, Ali Fazal shares BTS glimpses from set |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/its-a-wrap-for-jodhpur-leg-of-mirzapur-film-shoot-ali-fazal-shares-bts-glimpses-from-set/cid/2134219 |website=Telegraph India |date=22 November 2025}}</ref> Following a short break, the team filmed a concurrent schedule in December 2025 in [[Rajasthan]] where Fazal's portions were filmed.<ref>{{cite web |title='Mirzapur: The Film' begins shooting in Rajasthan, Ali Fazal shares BTS video |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mirzapur-the-film-begins-shooting-ali-fazal-shares-bts-video/article70433380.ece |website=The Hindu |date=24 December 2025}}</ref> Filming [[wrap (filming)|wrapped]] in January 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mirzapur The Film update: Ali Fazal confirms schedule wrap as OG cast reunites, Richa Chadha's comment steals the show : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mirzapur-film-update-ali-fazal-confirms-schedule-wrap-og-cast-reunites-richa-chadha-comment-steals-show/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> The film was shot extensively in multiple locations including [[Mumbai]], [[Varanasi]], and various parts of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mirzapur The Film: Pankaj Tripathi and Abhishek Banerjee to start filming in Mumbai; move to UP in October |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/mirzapur-the-film-to-start-rolling-in-mumbai-next-week-23592371 |website=Mid-day |date=4 September 2025}}</ref>

== Release ==
In March 2026, [[Amazon Prime Video]] revealed its slate lineup for 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prime Video India Unveils Huge Slate & Targets Global Viewers |url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/prime-video-india-2026-slate-global-viewers-target-1236760202/ |website=Deadline |date=19 March 2026}}</ref> The film is slated for theatrical release on 4 September 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mirzapur The Movie release date announced; Pankaj Tripathi, Ali Fazal, Divyenndu, Rasika Dugal head to the desert for final showdown |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mirzapur-the-movie-release-date-announced-pankaj-tripathi-ali-fazal-divyenndu-final-showdown-10514637/ |website=The Indian Express |date=5 February 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|mirzapur-the-movie}}

{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Upcoming Indian films]]
[[Category:Upcoming Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2026 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Excel Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Amazon MGM Studios films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films based on television series]]
[[Category:Films based on web series]]

Tharavath Ammalu Amma

2026-04-29T04:37:07Z

BridgetteBarthol: Created

{{Short description|Indian writer and translator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Tharavath Ammalu Amma
| image =File:Tharavath Ammaluamma.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Ammalu Amma
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1873|4|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[British India]]
| nationality =
| death_place = {{death date and age|df=yes|1936|6|6|1873|4|26}}
| death_date =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Translator, novelist
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| awards =
| influences =
| signature =
}}
{{Indian name|Ammalu Amma|Tharavath}}
'''Tharavath Ammalu Amma''' was a [[Malayalam]] language writer and translator born in [[Madras presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Kerala]], [[India]]). She translated many works from [[Sanskrit]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] to [[Malayalam]].

Ammalu Amma's 1914 novel ''Kamalabhai Athava Lakshmivilasathile Kolapathakam (Kamalabhai or the murder at Lakshmivilasam)'' was the first detective novel written by a woman in Malayalam. She was the only writer who was refused the "Sahitya Sakhi", the highest literary award in the then [[Kingdom of Cochin]].

==Biography==
Ammalu Amma was born on 26 April 1873, in the Tharavath family of present-day [[Palakkad district]], Kerala to Tharavath Kumminiamma and Chinchamveetil Shankaran Nair who was a [[tehsildar]].<ref name="Kerala">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title=തരവത്ത് അമ്മാളു അമ്മ |url=https://www.keralawomen.gov.in/ml/Tharavath_Ammalu_Amma |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Kerala Women |publisher=Government of Kerala |language=ml |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310065622/https://www.keralawomen.gov.in/ml/Tharavath_Ammalu_Amma |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{Cite web |title=തരവത്ത് അമ്മാളു അമ്മ; 1914 ൽ ഡിറ്റക്ടീവ് നോവലെഴുതിയ മലയാളി സ്ത്രീ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/features/tharavath-ammalu-amma-death-anniversary-1.4810036 |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310065619/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/features/tharavath-ammalu-amma-death-anniversary-1.4810036 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tharavath Ammalu Amma's ancestors came from [[Malabar District|Malabar]] to Palakkad Parali during [[Tipu Sultan]]'s invasion.<ref name="anweshanam">{{Cite web |first=Rajeev M |last=Kumar |date=2021-09-24 |title=ദിഗംബര സ്മരണകൾ; "സാഹിത്യസഖി" വാങ്ങാൻ കൂട്ടാക്കാത്ത തരവത്ത് അമ്മാളു അമ്മ; എം.രാജീവ് കുമാർ |url=https://anweshanam.com/opinion/digambara-memoirs;-ammalu-amma-refuses-to-buy-sahityasakhi;/cid5278729.htm |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=anweshanam.com |language=ml |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310065635/https://anweshanam.com/opinion/digambara-memoirs;-ammalu-amma-refuses-to-buy-sahityasakhi;/cid5278729.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> She had one brother, doctor T. M. Nair.<ref name="Kerala"/> She was taught letters and elementary lessons by a native teacher. Along with this, she also studied [[Sanskrit]] and music at home.<ref name="Kerala Women">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=തരവത്ത് അമ്മാളുവമ്മ |url=https://keralawomen.gov.in/ml/node/286 |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Kerala Women |publisher=Government of Kerala |language=ml |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310074145/https://keralawomen.gov.in/ml/node/286 |url-status=live }}</ref> After that she started learning mathematics and later [[Tamil language]] from his father.<ref name="Kerala Women"/>

She was well versed in Malayalam, Sanskrit and Tamil.<ref name="Kerala"/> The Maharaja of Cochin was willing to grant the "Sahitya Sakhi" award to her, but she rejected it. She was the only writer who was refused the "Sahitya Sakhi", the highest literary award in the then [[Kingdom of Cochin]].<ref name="anweshanam"/>

She died on 6 June 1936.<ref name="Kerala"/>

===Personal life===
Ammalu Amma married thrice.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> She was married first at the age of 15. Her first husband, who was the lord of Punnathur Kovilakam, left her after the birth of two children.<ref name="anweshanam"/> Due to her mother's insistence, she married Krishna Varyar of Ramapuram, who was a physician, for the second time. Warrier died shortly after having three daughters.<ref name="anweshanam"/> Many of the children of the first two marriages died at various times, leaving only two daughters.<ref name="anweshanam"/> The third marriage was to Unnikrishna Varyar of Vadakkumtara Varyath.<ref name="anweshanam"/>

==Literary career==
Ammalu Amma's 1914 novel ''Kamalabhai Athava Lakshmivilasathile Kolapathakam (Kamalabhai or the murder at Lakshmivilasam)'' was the first detective novel written by a woman in Malayalam.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Ammalu Amma's travelogue ''Oru Tirtha Yatra'', a work published by the Norman Printing Press in Kozhikode in 1925, is an account of the holy temples and places visited by her when she went to [[Varanasi]] with the mortal remains of her brother T. M. Nair in 1921.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ഒരു തീര്‍ത്ഥയാത്ര |url=https://keralaliterature.com/books/ammalu-amma-%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81-%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Keralaliterature.com |language=ml |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107073154/https://keralaliterature.com/maintenance.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Other original works are ''Chandrika'', ''Balabodhini'', ''Krishna Bhakti'', ''Komalavalli'' (2 volume), ''Bhakthamalayile cheukathakal (short stories of Bhakthamala)'' etc.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Some of these have been textbooks in the past.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

As translator she introduced many works of Sanskrit, Tamil and English languages to Malayalam. She was a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] devotee, and the biography of [[Buddha]], [[The Light of Asia]] was translated by her into Malayalam as ''Buddha Gatha''.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> She also translated the Sanskrit works like ''Sarva Vedanta Sidhantha Sara Samgraham'' and ''Shiva Bhaktha Vilasam'' into Malayalam.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> ''Krishna Bhakti Chandrika'', published in 1912, is a translation of a Sanskrit short play.<ref name="Kerala Women"/> ''Bhakthamala'' (3 volume) published in 1907 is a translation of Sanskrit work with the same name.<ref name="Kerala Women"/> ''Sri Shankaravijayam'' was a Tamil work translated into Malayalam in 1928 at the request of Kumbakonam Shankaracharyaswamy's disciples.<ref name="Kerala Women"/> ''Leela'' published in 1911 is a translation of a Tamil novel.<ref name="Kerala Women"/>

Ammalu Amma presided over the meetings of the state level literary organisation [[Sahitya Parishad]] in 1929 and 1930.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==Activism==
Ammalu Amma made a place in the history of [[Travancore]] by offering shelter to [[Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai]] and his family when Pillai was deported from Travancore by then king of Travancore Shri Moolam Thirunal.<ref name="Kerala"/>

Ammalu Amma, who was also a feminist and woman egalitarian, called for women to give importance to literary taste as much as or more than men.<ref name="anweshanam" /> Once, in an essay on ''Sthreekalude Sahithyavasana (Women's literary taste)'' published in ''Lakshmi Bhai'' magazine, she wrote as follows, "I know some people are sceptical that women have a taste for literature. But I would say that the very essence of literature is in every woman".<ref name="Kerala Women"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Women's Day: Reminiscing first-gen of feminist writers from Kerala |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/international-women-s-day-reminiscing-first-gen-feminist-writers-from-kerala-1.7322488 |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=English [[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310065628/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/international-women-s-day-reminiscing-first-gen-feminist-writers-from-kerala-1.7322488 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammalu Amma, Tharavath}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Women writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Translators to Malayalam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]

Anne Vijayalakshmi

2026-04-27T08:22:27Z

BridgetteBarthol: adding new post!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''Anne Vijaya Lakshmi''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She is a former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Vuyyuru]] representing the Telugu Desam Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=P. Laxma |date=2014-03-18 |title=Telugu Desam, YSRC Keep Kolusu on Tenterhooks |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/Mar/18/telugu-desam-ysrc-keep-kolusu-on-tenterhooks-587623.html |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

She first became an MLA winning the by election held on 20 September 2001 following the death of her husband and sitting MLA Anne Babu Rao.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-09-09 |title=Vuyyuru TD contestant vows to fulfil promises |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/vuyyuru-td-contestant-vows-to-fulfil-promises/articleshow/1927527255.cms |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-08-31 |title=TDP fields late MLA's wife for Vuyyuru bypoll |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/tdp-fields-late-mlas-wife-for-vuyyuru-bypoll/articleshow/1457261086.cms |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vuyyur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/vuyyur-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> She won by 16,451 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-09-23 |title=High margin for TDP surprises all |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/high-margin-for-tdp-surprises-all/articleshow/2069516488.cms |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayalakshmi, Anne}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]

Mary Dawgni

2026-04-25T16:53:53Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating some data v1

{{Infobox musical artist
| background = solo_singer
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Mary Dawngi
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| landscape =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Mary Malsawmdawngi
| alias =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Kalemyo]], [[Sagaing Region]], [[Myanmar]]
| origin = [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| genre = [[Mizo music]]
| occupation = Singer
| instrument = Vocals
| works =
| years_active = 2022-present
| label =
| publishers =
| current_member_of =
| past_member_of =
| spouse =
| partner =
| awards =
| website =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}

'''Mary Dawngi''' (born '''Mary Malsawmdawngi''') is a Burmese singer based in [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]], India. Originally from [[Kalemyo]] in [[Sagaing Region]], she fled [[Myanmar]] in 2022 following the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|2021 military coup]] and the ensuing [[Myanmar civil war (2021-present)|civil war]].<ref name="assam-tribune">{{cite web |title=From war-torn Myanmar to Mizoram's music stage: Mary Dawngi's journey of resilience |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/from-war-torn-myanmar-to-mizorams-music-stage-mary-dawngis-journey-of-resilience-1593369 |work=Assam Tribune |date=3 October 2025 |accessdate=3 April 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017134132/https://assamtribune.com/north-east/from-war-torn-myanmar-to-mizorams-music-stage-mary-dawngis-journey-of-resilience-1593369|archive-date=17 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tuallawt |first=-Kima |date=2023-10-31 |title=Vanglaini - KA PA KHUMA Phuahtu : Saiwanah Satu : Saiwanah & Mary Dawngi. by - Kima Tuallawt |url=https://vanglaini.org/article/104823 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=vanglaini.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Before the coup, Dawngi had been active in the local music scene in Kalemyo.<ref name="assam-tribune"/> After arriving in Aizawl as a refugee, she collaborated with Mizo singer Saiwanah on the song "[[Music of Mizoram|Ka Pa Khuma]]," a [[Mizo language|Mizo]]-language version of the poem "[[The Miller of the Dee]]," released in July 2023.<ref name="assam-tribune"/><ref name="apple">{{cite web |title=Ka Pa Khuma (feat. Mary Dawngi) - Single by Saiwanah |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ka-pa-khuma-feat-mary-dawngi-single/1699392385 |website=Apple Music |date=22 July 2023}}</ref> The song's music video accumulated over 15 million views<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Duhaisam’ MV-i’n 1 Million View record rang ber siam – The Zozam Times |url=https://thezozamtimes.in/2024/01/18/duhaisam-mv-in-1-million-view-record-rang-ber-siam/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121214155/https://thezozamtimes.in/2024/01/18/duhaisam-mv-in-1-million-view-record-rang-ber-siam/|archive-date=21 January 2025}}</ref> on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2023-08-15 |title=Thalai - Khiangte Construction Ṭhazual Lengzem: Mary Dawngi'n ‘Chhingkhualah’ a rawn lanpui ta |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/97726 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=vanglaini.org |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260409004904/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/97726|archive-date=9 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="krc">{{cite web |title=Mary Dawngi: The refugee singer who turned pain into melody in Mizoram |url=https://www.krctimes.com/news/mary-dawngi-the-refugee-singer-who-turned-pain-into-melody-in-mizoram/ |work=KRC Times |accessdate=3 April 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410013518/https://www.krctimes.com/news/mary-dawngi-the-refugee-singer-who-turned-pain-into-melody-in-mizoram/|archive-date=10 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=Mary Dawngi {{!}} Zolyric.com {{!}} Best Mizo Lyrics Site |url=https://zolyric.com/artist/mary-dawngi/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> She won "Best New Artist and Song of the Year" at the Lelte Awards ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Lelte Awards-ah Saiwanah x Mary Dawngi leh Jonathan Lianhna an langsar – The Aizawl Post |url=https://theaizawlpost.org/amp/lelte-awards-ah-saiwanah-x-mary-dawngi-leh-jonathan-lianhna-an-langsar/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2024-11-25 |title=Thalai - 33rd Lelte Awards 2024 : Award 3 dawng thei Jonathan Lianhna, Lilac leh Youngfella |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/135857 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=vanglaini.org |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410013624/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/135857|archive-date=10 April 2026}}</ref>

Dawngi has since released solo singles including "Duhaisam" and "Aw Bawihte."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Fella & Mary Dawngi 'Duhaisam' : Ni thum chhungin million view, Mizo zinga rang ber? |url=https://zalen.in/detail/young-fella-and-mary-dawngi-duhaisam-ni-thum-chhungin-million-view-mizo-zinga-rang-ber |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=zalen.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815034042/https://zalen.in/detail/young-fella-and-mary-dawngi-duhaisam-ni-thum-chhungin-million-view-mizo-zinga-rang-ber|archive-date=15 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="assam-tribune"/> She has been described as a "household name in Mizoram" and continues to perform live across the state, though visa restrictions have prevented her from performing internationally.<ref name="assam-tribune"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vanglaini |title=Thalai - Khiangte Construction Ṭhazual Lengzem : Boruak nei lian Mary Dawngi'n hma a hruai |url=https://www.vanglaini.org/thalai/109677?date=2024-01-30 |access-date=2026-04-04 |language=en}}</ref> She resides in Aizawl with her brother and is registered as a refugee with a local non-governmental organisation.<ref name="krc"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawgni, Mary}}
[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:Chin people]]

[[Category:Burmese emigrants to India]]

[[Category:People from Aizawl]]
[[Category:Singers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Maithilisharan Gupt

2026-04-24T17:51:08Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating basic entry first draft

{{Short description|Indian Poet (1886-1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Dr Maithilisharan Gupt
| image = Maithili Sharan Gupt 1974 stamp of India.jpg
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1886|8|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chirgaon]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1964|12|12|1886|8|3}}
| death_place = [[India]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[politician]], [[dramatist]], [[translator]]
| education = Macdonal High School Jhansi
| alma_mater = Doctorate from Banaras Hindu University
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement = Indian Nationalist Movement
| notableworks = Bharat Bharti, Saket
| spouse = Sarju Devi (Jiya)
| partner =
| children = Urmila Charan Gupt <ref>{{Cite web | title=Urmila Charan Gupta. v Charushila Sharan Gupta and Sumitra Nandan Gupta. on 01 June 1982 - Judgement - LexTechSuite | url=https://lextechsuite.com/Urmila-Charan-Gupta-Versus-Charushila-Sharan-Gupta-and-Sumitra-Nandan-Gupta-1982-06-01 | access-date=2026-04-05 | website=lextechsuite.com}}</ref>
| relatives = Mr Saurabh Gupta (Grandson)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Chairman Message - RMSG Public School, Chirgaon Jhansi | url=https://rmsg.ac.in/rmsg-chairmanmsg.php | access-date=2026-04-05 | website=rmsg.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=School Information - RMSG Public School, Chirgaon Jhansi | url=https://rmsg.ac.in/rmsg-info.php | access-date=2026-04-05 | website=rmsg.ac.in}}</ref>

Dr Vaibhav Gupta (Grandson)<ref>{{Cite web | title=RMSG Vidyapeeth Inter College Chirgaon, Jhansi | url=https://www.rmsgvidyapeeth.in/our-founder.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123201646/https://rmsgvidyapeeth.in/our-founder.aspx | access-date=2026-04-05 | archive-date=2025-01-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Uttar Pradesh - Affidavit | url=https://www.rmsgmahavidyalaya.in/documents/affidavit.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111000526/https://rmsgmahavidyalaya.in/documents/affidavit.pdf | archive-date=2024-11-11}}</ref>
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1954)
| signature =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| ethnicity =
| influences =
| influenced =
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office = Member of Parliament, [[Rajya Sabha]] {{small|(Nominated)}}
| term_start = 3 April 1952
| term_end = 2 April 1964
}}
}}

'''Dr Maithilisharan Gupt'''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Rahul |title=राष्ट्रकवि मैथिलीशरण गुप्त की जीवनी Maithili Sharan Gupt Bio |date=3 September 2021 |url=https://www.ajabgajabfacts.com/maithili-sharan-gupt-biography-in-hindi/}}</ref> (3 August 1886 – 12 December 1964<ref name=":0" />) was one of the most important modern [[Hindi]] poets.<ref>Sanjeev Chandan (4 August 2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811031702/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-04/nagpur/28157631_1_premchand-hindi-literature-anthropologists 'Anthropologists' work inspired by Premchand']. ''Times of India''.</ref> He is considered one among the pioneers of ''[[Kauravi dialect|Khari Boli]]'' (plain dialect) poetry and wrote in [[Khari Boli]] dialect,<ref name=":0" /> at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of [[Braj Bhasha]] dialect.<ref name="SnellRaeside1998">{{cite book | author1=Rupert Snell | author2=Ian Raeside | title=Classics of Modern South Asian Literature | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9KbhnDC6FAC&pg=PA240 | year=1998 | publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag | isbn=978-3-447-04058-7 | pages=240–}}</ref> He was a recipient of the third highest (then second highest) Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> For his book Bharat-Bharati (1912),<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/sahitya/literary-works-3283.html राष्ट्रकवि व उनकी भारत भारती, जागरण, Oct 15, 2012]</ref> widely quoted during India's freedom struggle, he was given the title of Rashtra Kavi<ref name=":0" /> by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].

In 1956, Rashtrakavi Maithili Sharan Gupt Abhinandan Samiti Calcutta published an [https://epustakalay.com/book/151472-rastrakabi-maithileeswaran-gupta-abhinandangranth-by-vashudev-sharan-agrawal/ Abhinandan Granth], a comprehensive 1000 page document in honour of his life and work.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.429776/mode/2up |title=Rashtrakavi Maithilisharan Guptha Abhinandan Granth (1956) |date=1956 |publisher=Rashrtkavi Maithilisharn Gupt Abhinandn Samiti.}}</ref>

His family now runs the RMSG Group of Institutions<ref>{{Cite web |title=RMSG Public School Jhansi, RMSG Chirgaon, RMSG Jhansi, R.M.S.G School - School Overview, Courses, Placements, Facilities |url=https://rmsg.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=rmsg.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RMSG Vidyapeeth Inter College Chirgaon, Jhansi |url=https://rmsgvidyapeeth.in/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=rmsgvidyapeeth.in}}</ref> in Chirgaon, promoting his ideals of empowering education, especially among girls.

== Early life ==
He was born in [[Chirgaon]], [[Jhansi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=स्पर्श (भाग 2)|publisher=NCERT|isbn=81-7450-647-0|pages=18|language=hi|chapter=मनुष्यता|chapter-url=http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/class_10.Hindi.Sparsh/K-4.pdf|access-date=5 September 2020|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024031423/http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/class_10.Hindi.Sparsh/K-4.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the Kankane clan of the [[Gahoi]] [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] community in a family that was once a wealthy zamindar family, but the wealth was lost by the time he was born.<ref>Shri hargovind, "Dadda Ki Chhaya Me", in Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Agravaal Vaasudevasharana, 1959, Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Committee Calcutta, p. 101.</ref> His father's name was Seth Ramcharan Gupta<ref name=":0" /> and his mother's name was Kashibai. Both his father and his brother Shearamsharan Gupta were prominent poets.<ref name=":0" /> He disliked school as a child, so his father arranged for his education at their home.<ref name=":0" /> As a child, Gupt studied [[Sanskrit]], English and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi]] was his mentor. He married in 1895.<ref>Rishi jaimini Kaushik Barua, "Ikhattara Varshon ki Abhinandaniya Gatha", in Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Agravaal Vaasudevasharana, 1959, Raashhtarkavi Maithiliisharana Gupt Abhinandan Committee Calcutta, p. 150.</ref>

== Literary works ==
Gupt entered the world of Hindi literature by writing poems in various magazines, including ''[[Saraswati (magazine)|Saraswati]]''. In 1909, his first major work, ''Rang mein Bhang'' was published by Indian Press. With ''Bharat Bharati'', his nationalist poems became popular among Indians, who were struggling for independence. Most of his poems revolve around plots from [[Ramayana]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Mahabharata]], [[Buddhist]] stories and the lives of famous religious leaders. His famous work ''Saket'' revolves around [[Urmila (Ramayana)|Urmila]], wife of [[Lakshmana]], from [[Ramayana]], while another of his works ''Yashodhara'' revolves around [[Yashodhara]], the wife of [[Gautama Buddha]].{{Citation needed|date= June 2012}}

प्राण न पागल हो तुम यों, पृथ्वी पर वह प्रेम कहाँ..

मोहमयी छलना भर है, भटको न अहो अब और यहाँ..

ऊपर को निरखो अब तो बस मिलता है चिरमेल वहाँ..

=== Creative style ===

His works are based along patriotic themes,<ref name=":0" /> among others poets such as [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]] and [[Makhanalal Chaturvedi]]. His poetry is characterized by non-rhyming couplets in Khadi Boli. Although the couplet structure is non rhyming, the prominent use of [[alliterations]] lends a rhythmic backdrop due to the rhythmic alterations between vowels and consonants. He was a religious man, and this can be seen in his works.<ref name=":0" />

=== Major works ===
'''Poetry''':
* ''Saket(1931)''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Rang mein Bhang(1909)''
* ''Matrubhumi''
* ''Bharat-Bharati(1912)''
* ''Jayadrath Vadh(1910)''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Vikat Bhat''
* ''Plassey ka Yuddha''
* ''Gurukul''
* ''Kisan''
* ''Panchavati(1925)''
* ''Nirjhar''
* ''Yashodhara(1932)''<ref name=":0" />
* ''Manushyata''
* ''Kinaro ka khel''
* ''Dvapar(1936)''
* ''Anagh(1928)''

== Political career ==
After India got independence in 1947, he was also made an honorary member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], where he used poetry to put his opinions before the other members. He remained a member of the Rajya Sabha till his death in 1964. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards {{!}} Interactive Dashboard |url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1954-1954&Place=Uttar%20Pradesh |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi-language poets]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 Maithili Sharan Gupt at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423112517/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 |date=23 April 2009 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070220232610/http://www.geeta-kavita.com/article.asp?article=list_poems#maithali Three poems of the poet from Bharat Bharati are available for readers at www.geeta-kavita.com]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupt, Maithili Sharan}}
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|M]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Translators to Hindustani]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Translators of Omar Khayyám]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rashtrakavi]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]

M. Dasan

2026-04-20T01:26:41Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating a stub basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{For|former Koyilandi MLA|K. Dasan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. Dasan
| image =
| office1 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 1987
| term_end1 = 1991
| predecessor1 = K. Chandrasekhara Kurup
| successor1 = A. Sujanapal
| constituency1 = [[Kozhikode North Assembly constituency|Kozhikode North]]
| term_start2 = 1996
| term_end2 = 2001
| predecessor2 = [[A. Sujanapal]]
| successor2 = A. Sujanapal
| constituency2 = [[Kozhikode North Assembly constituency|Kozhikode North]]
| spouse = [[P. Sathidevi]]
| children = 1
| birth_date = {{birth date|1953|1|1}}
| birth_place = Kozhikode, Kerala
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|6|29|1953|1|1}}
| death_place = [[Kozhikode]], Kerala
}}
'''M. Dasan''' was a social activist, trade unionist and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] politician from [[Kerala]], India. He represented [[Kozhikode North Assembly constituency]] in 8th and 10th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].

==Biography==
M. Dasan was born on January 1, 1953, in Thelyankara, Kozhikode district, the son of Kanaran and Cheeru.<ref name="kwaeucitu">{{Cite web |title=KERALA WATER AUTHORITY EMPLOYEES UNION CITU |url=http://kwaeucitu.in/our_leaders.php |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=kwaeucitu.in |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311221814/http://kwaeucitu.in/our_leaders.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislators of Kerala |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf}}</ref> He studied at Chorod UP School and Madappally Government High School.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/>

===Personal life and death===
Dasan and his wife [[P. Sathidevi]] have one daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-25 |title=Kerala Women's Commission Chairperson : അഡ്വ. പി സതീദേവി ഒക്ടോബർ ഒന്നിന് കേരള വനിത കമ്മീഷൻ അധ്യക്ഷയായി ചുമതലയേൽക്കും |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/kerala/adv-p-sathidevi-to-take-charge-as-kerala-womens-commission-chairperson-on-october-1-69549 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Zee News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> He died on June 29, 2002, at the age of 49, at a private hospital in Kozhikode.<ref name="times">{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2002 |title=CPM leader M Dasan dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cpm-leader-m-dasan-dead/articleshow/14488767.cms |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Electoral politics===
Dasan represented [[Kozhikode North Assembly constituency]] in 8th and 10th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="times"/>

===Trade unionism===
After studies, Dasan started his career as a weaver. He became active in the Weavers' Union and became the Vadakara Taluk secretary of the union.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/> He was later appointed state president of the Kerala Water Authority Employees Union (CITU).<ref name="kwaeucitu"/>

===Party career===
When DYFI was formed, he became its district president and later elected state president in 1983 and state secretary in 1986.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/> He also served as the DYFI all India vice president for 8 years.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/>

Dasan joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1972 and was elected to the party's Kozhikode district committee in 1987 and State Committee in 1988.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/> Dasan, who took part in many struggles and led many struggles, participated in the surplus land agitation in Kerala and was imprisoned.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/>

==Legacy==
M Dasan Institute of Technology (M-DIT) Kozhikode, a venture of M. Dasan Memorial Co-operative Institute of Engineering and Information Technology was named after him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mdit.ac.in/about.aspx|title=M. Dasan Institute of Technology|access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasan, M.}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1987–1991]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:People from Kozhikode district]]

P. P. Naolekar

2026-04-11T12:40:07Z

BridgetteBarthol: data...

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1943)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office = [[Lokayukta]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2012
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| prime_minister1 =
| term_start1 = 2004
| term_end1 = 2008
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = Chief Justice of the [[Gauhati High Court]]
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 = 2002
| term_end2 = 2004
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1943|06|29}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Judge]]
| children =
| party =
| alma_mater = [[Jabalpur University]]
| profession =
| sibling =
| website =
}}
'''P. P. Naolekar''' (born 29 June 1943) is the [[Lokayukta]] (parliamentary ombudsman) of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/madhya-pradesh-lokayukta-pp-naolekar-wants-more-powers-194843-2014-05-28 | title=Madhya Pradesh Lokayukta PP Naolekar wants more powers | work=indiatoday.intoday.in | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/justice-naolekar-set-to-continue-as-madhya-pradesh-lokayukta/story-MjSVSY9J5RwGiDPWdFQltN.html | title=Justice Naolekar set to continue as Madhya Pradesh lokayukta | work=hindustantimes.com | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-appointment-of-lokayukta-upheld-3430266.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603102038/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-appointment-of-lokayukta-upheld-3430266.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 June 2016 | title=Appointment of Lokayukta upheld | work=daily.bhaskar.com | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/mp-lokayukta-gets-extension/ | title=MP Lokayukta gets extension | work=indianexpress.com | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-whistleblowers-should-be-given-protection-in-india-lokayukta-1408287 | title=WHISTLEBLOWERS SHOULD BE GIVEN PROTECTION IN INDIA: LOKAYUKTA | work=dnaindia.com | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref> He was a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]], from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/125_ppnaolekar.htm | title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice P.P. Naolekar Former Judge | work=supremecourtofindia.nic.in | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/prakash-prabhakar-naolekar-spares-the-powerful-110048-2012-07-17 | title=Prakash Prabhakar Naolekar spares the powerful | work=indiatoday.intoday.in | access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://mplokayukt.nic.in/Default.htm Lokayukta of Madhya Pradesh]

{{Judiciary of India |state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naolekar, P.P.}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ombudsmen in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Rajasthan High Court]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]

Udharbond

2026-03-27T18:57:28Z

BridgetteBarthol: New...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Udharbond
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|24|52|11.1828|N|92|52|10.0164|E|region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Assam|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cachar district|Cachar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_total = 9051
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| demographics1_title2 = Associate official language
| demographics1_info2 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AS 11
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Udharbond''' is a Tehsil or Block in [[Cachar district]] in the state of [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is located 11 km from District headquarters [[Silchar]].

It is one of the few historical places in the entire Barak valley, a place of religious attraction and a place surrounding numerous beautiful attractive sites.

==Geography==
Udharbond is located at {{Coord|24.8668104|N|92.6872046|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.mapcoordinates.net/en - Udharbond]</ref>

Udharbond is situated on the bank of Madhura River, a major northern tributary of Barak River.

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 census of India]], Udharbond has population of 9,051 of which 4,522 are males while 4,529 are females. The population of children aged 0-6 is 868 which is 9.59% of total population. In the Town, the female sex ratio is 1002 against state average of 958. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Udharbond town is around 955 compared to Assam state average of 962. The literacy rate of town is 92.74% higher than the state average of 72.19%. In of which male literacy is around 93.97% while the female literacy rate is 91.52%.

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]) are the official languages of this place.<ref name="BnOff">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |title=Govt withdraws Assamese as official language from Barak valley |agency=Press Trust of India |date=9 September 2014 |work=Business Standard India |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195116/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Meitei">{{Cite news |last=Purkayastha |first=Biswa Kalyan |date=24 February 2024 |title=Assam recognises Manipuri as associate official language in four districts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-recognises-manipuri-as-associate-official-language-in-four-districts-101708770769105.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>

==Place of Attraction==

===Kachakanti Mandir===
[[File:The Kachakanti Temple, Udharbond, Cachar, Assam..JPG|thumb|The Kachakanti Temple, Udharbond, Cachar, Assam.]]
Kachakanti Mandir is a Hindu temple dedicated to the Dimasa Kachari Mother Goddess "Kachakanti", one of the oldest temple of [[Cachar district]] which was established long back by the Kachari Kings and recently was remodelled and made into a beautiful structure. "Kachakanti" Devi is said to be the amalgamation of two powerful Hindu deity; Maa Durga and Maa Kali. In the early days at the time of the Kachari king, there were human sacrifices made. During the Hindu Wedding Season many couples from poor and lower class income group get married almost on all dates of the marriage ceremonies. Moreover, almost all new vehicles purchased in the district are brought to this temple for acquiring the blessings of the goddess.

===Khaspur Rajbari===
Khaspur, is located in the taluk of Udharbond, [[Cachar district]] in the State of [[Assam]] which is located About 25 km away from the district headquarter [[Silchar]]. The structure is the ruin of the palace of ancient Dimasa Kachari king. The main attractions of the place are the Lion Gate, the Sun Gate and aged old kings temple. The original palace is in a state of non-existence, but its subsidiaries, the main entrance gate, the `Suryadwar`, `Debalaya` are still there intact. The entrances are of elephant-patterns.

===Madhura===
Situated 10 km north of Udharbond bus stand, is Madhura, a picnic destination and a marvelous place with the upper course of the blue Madhura River running rapidly between the hilly terrain. The typical landform attracts a lot of tourists. There is also a hanging bridge across Madhura River.

===Tingtong===
Spread among the tea gardens of Nugger, is Tingtong, a riverine stony spot, known for its majestic sunset view. This is also a famous picnic spot.

===Rani Dighi Park===
This is a historical large pond build during the reign of Dimassa kingdom, during their capital at Khaspur. The Pond with its banks have been decorated in the form of a park. But recently this is not well maintained by the authority.

===Tea gardens===
Udharbond is a town, encompassed by tea gardens. Larsing, Chandighat, Arunaband, Dayapore, Majhergram, Thaligram, Tikal, Kumbha, Kumbhirgram, Haticherra and Patimara tea estates are extremely beautiful and people in large number visit them often.

==Division==
There is one Revenue Circle and one Development Block.

==Health facilities==
1. Tikal Model Hospital (FRU)

2. Udharbond Block Primary Health Centre

3. Digar Kashipur MPHC

4. Rangpur MPHC

5. Thaligram MPHC

==Sports==

===Table Tennis Club===
This club was Established on 2 June 1993. Primarily Focusing on the development of Table Tennis In Udharbond Region. It's also runs a Charitable Heart Care Centre.It has a Mini Indoor Sports Complex.

===DNHS School Playground===

A field owned by DNHS School.
Football, cricket and other games are played. Some games of Assam Olympics, 2016 was also played here.

==Culture==

Vivekananda Patmandir- Socio-cultural-spiritual organisation, working with the ideals of Swami Vivekananda. Various relied works, running free coaching centres in remote places, helping the downtrodden people with food, clothing, shelter and relief material, plantation, Swachhata Abhiyaan etc., apart from spiritual practices.

Matribhasha Aikyamancha- A cultural group associated with the Bengali programs. A statue of the 11 Language Martyrs of 1961 has been erected in front of DIET, Udharbond.

Barak Banga Sahitya Sammelan

Students' Forum

Netaji Forum

Abhishek India

* Boichitra Paribar -A social, Cultural and Literary Group. The group published a yearly Multilingual Little Magazine"Boichitra".

==Education==
===DISTRICT INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING===
===College===
# [[Jagannath Singh College, Udharbond]].

===Schools===
*Durganagar Nayaram Higher Secondary (D.N.H.S) School.
*Udharbond Siksha Sadan School.
*J.C. Girls High School.
*Kachakanti Vidya Mandir.
*Ananda Marga School
*Gurukul English Academy
*Blue Bells School
*F.R. Memorial School
*J.R.D. Public School
*Joyram School
*Parimal Bala School
*Saibag School
*Practicing Govt. Senior Basic School
*Collegiate School
*Little Sprouts School Play School

==Transport==

===By Rail===
There is no railway station nearby Udharbond town. However, Silchar Rail Way Station is major railway station 12 km near to Udharbond.

===By Road===
The national highway [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH 27]] passes through the town and connects this place to the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and others places of Assam.

==Banking Service==
#[[State Bank Of India|SBI]], Udharbond Branch
#[[Punjab National Bank|PNB]], Udharbond Branch.
#[[Bandhan Bank]], Pangram Branch
#Assam Gramin Vikas Bank, Udharbond Branch
#[[HDFC Bank]], Udharbond branch

==Bank ATM Service==
*[[State Bank Of India]], Inside Complex, Udharbond.
*[[State Bank Of India]], Uttarpara
*[[State Bank Of India]], Hospital Road
*[[Punjab National Bank]], Opposite Udharbond Police Station
*[[Axis Bank]] Near Bus Stand
*[[HDFC Bank]] Uttarpara, Udharbond

==Politics==
Udharbond is part of [[Silchar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|work = Assam
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archivedate = 4 May 2006
}}</ref>
It is also a part of [[Udharbond (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].

== See also ==
* [[Udharbond (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udharbond Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Assam}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Cachar district]]

Bamba Müller

2026-03-21T05:09:40Z

BridgetteBarthol: adding a stub!

{{Short description|Last Maharani of Lahore (1848–1887)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes
| name = Bamba
| image = Photograph of Maharani Bamba (Bamba Müller), circa 1864.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Antoine Claudet]], {{circa|1864}}
| succession = Maharani of Lahore
| reign = 7 June 1864 – 16 September 1887
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Duleep Singh|Duleep Singh of Lahore]]|7 June 1864}}
| issue = [[Victor Duleep Singh|Crown Prince Victor Duleep Singh]] [[Frederick Duleep Singh|Prince Frederick Duleep Singh]] [[Bamba Sutherland|Princess Bamba Kaur]] [[Catherine Duleep Singh|Princess Catherine Kaur]] [[Sophia Duleep Singh|Princess Sophia Kaur]] Prince Albert Duleep Singh
| house =
| father = Ludwig Müller
| mother = Sofia
| birth_name = Bamba Müller
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1848|07|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cairo]], [[Egypt Eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1887|09|16|1848|07|06}}
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place = St Andrew and St Patrick Church, [[Elveden]], [[Suffolk]], England
}}

'''Bamba Müller''' (6 July 1848 – 16 September 1887) was the wife of [[Maharaja Duleep Singh]], the last Maharaja of [[Lahore]].<ref name="dacb"/> Brought up by Christian missionaries, her transformation from an illegitimate girl, born to a German father and Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother, living in a Cairo mission to a [[Maharani]] living a life of luxury with the "Black Prince of Perthshire" has been compared to the "[[Cinderella]]" story.<ref name="dacb"/>

==Early life==
[[File:Photograph of the Müller family, Germany, circa late 19th century.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the Müller family, Germany, circa late 19th century]]
Bamba Müller was the daughter of Ludwig Müller, a [[Germans|German]] [[merchant banker]] with the company Todd Müller and Co., by his [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]] of [[People of Ethiopia|Abyssinian]] descent called Sofia.<ref name=duleep>[http://www.duleepsingh.com/Biography.aspx?evid=24 Maharani Bamba Duleep Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919041018/http://www.duleepsingh.com/Biography.aspx?evid=24 |date=19 September 2013 }}, DuleepSingh.com, accessed March 2010</ref> The name Bamba was Arabic for ''pink''. Her father already had a wife and he therefore placed his illegitimate daughter in the care of missionaries in [[Cairo]]. Her father had requested and paid for her education, and remained in contact with the missionaries. Müller became an enthusiastic and charismatic member of the Christian community and was the only female in a select group of communicants at the [[American Presbyterian Mission]] school in Cairo.<ref name="dacb">{{cite web|url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/egypt/bamba.html|title=Bamba Muller|last=Pan|first=Esther|author2=Medhat Said|year=2006|work=Dictionary of African Christian Biography|access-date=8 March 2010}}</ref>

==The prince==
[[File:MaharaniBambaMuller.JPG|thumb|A young Bamba]]
Duleep Singh was the last ruler of the [[Sikh Empire]], having been dethroned by the [[East India Company]] after the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]. In 1863, Singh was being supervised in Britain where he was a friend of [[Queen Victoria]] and kept a large social circle. He was known as the "Black Prince of Perthshire" around his home in [[Scotland]]. Singh was given money by the [[Company rule in India|East India Company administration]] on the condition that he complied with the demands of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]]. Duleep had been taken to Britain when a child and raised as a [[Christianity|Christian]]. This was after he had been persuaded to agree to the annexation of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] by the East India Company. The treaty also included handing the [[Koh-i-Nor]] diamond as well, which became part of the [[Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom|Crown Jewels]]. Singh was separated from his mother, [[Jind Kaur|Maharani Jindan Kaur]]. His mother remained in India, although eventually she was allowed to rejoin her son in England. Duleep collected her after special permission was given. Duleep was allowed by the East India Company to visit India for the second time to bury his mother after she died in Britain, although the body remained at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]] for nearly a year whilst this was negotiated upon. His mother's ashes were not allowed to be buried in [[Lahore]] (the main city of the Punjab), but had to be placed in a memorial in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] instead.<ref>[http://www.asht.info/anglosikh/865/maharani-jindan-kaur.html Maharani Jindan Kaur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184845/http://www.asht.info/anglosikh/865/maharani-jindan-kaur.html |date=21 July 2011 }}, Anglo Sikh Heritage Trail, accessed March 2010</ref>

==Proposal==
On his return from Bombay Duleep passed through Cairo and visited the missionaries there on 10 February 1864. He visited again a few days later and was taken around the girls' school, where he first met Bamba Müller, who was an instructor. She was the only girl there who had committed herself to a Christian life. On each visit Duleep made presents to the mission of several hundreds of pounds.<ref name="dacb" />
[[File:Photograph of Maharaja Duleep Singh and his wife Maharani Bamba Müller, ca.1868.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Maharaja Duleep Singh and his wife Maharani Bamba Müller, ca.1868]]
Duleep Singh wrote to the teachers at the missionary school at the end of the month in the hope that they would recommend a wife for him as he was to live in Britain and he wanted a Christian wife of Eastern origin. Queen Victoria had told Duleep that he should marry an Indian princess who had been educated in England, but he desired a girl with less sophistication. The final proposal had to be done via an intermediary as Duleep did not speak Arabic, Müller's only language.<ref name="hours">{{cite book|title=Hours at home, p.82|year=1867|volume=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWA9AAAAYAAJ&q=princess+bamba&pg=PA92|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> The missionaries discussed this proposal with Müller. She was unsure whether to accept the proposal offered via the missionaries. Her first ambition was to rise to teach children in a missionary school. Her father was consulted but he left the choice to his daughter. Müller eventually made her decision after praying for guidance. She decided that the marriage was God's call for her to widen her ambitions. Singh made a substantial contribution of one thousand pounds to the school and married Müller on 7 June 1864 in the [[British Consulate]] in [[Alexandria, Egypt]]. The ceremony was described as brief, with few witnesses. Both of them wore European dress though Duleep wore a turban. Bamba wore simple jewellery including pearls. She had a short sleeved, [[moire]], antique dress, orange blossoms in her hair, and a veil. The Prince made his vows in English, whilst Bamba spoke in Arabic.<ref name="aldens">{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nUOAAAAQAAJ&q=%22American+Presbyterian+Mission+School%22+cairo&pg=PA1|title=The Ladies Column (from The Times of India)|date=September 1864|publisher=Alden's Illustrated Miscellany|access-date=10 March 2010|location=Oxford, England}}</ref>

==Family and death==
The couple had three sons and three daughters whom they brought up at [[Elveden Hall]] in [[Suffolk]], England. Their six children were: [[Victor Duleep Singh|Victor Albert Jay]] (1866–1918), [[Frederick Duleep Singh|Frederick Victor]] (1868–1926), [[Bamba Sutherland|Bamba Sophia Jindan]] (1869–1957), [[Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh|Catherina Hilda]]<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010625/main7.htm The Swiss Account of Princess Catherine Duleep Singh] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 25 June 2001.</ref> (1871–1942), [[Sophia Duleep Singh|Sophia Alexandra]] (1876–1948), and [[Albert Edward Alexander]] (1879–1893). Bamba had difficulty caring for her children.<ref name=died/>

Victor and Frederick both joined the [[British Army]] whilst Frederick became a Fellow of the [[Society of Antiquaries of London]]. One of her daughters, Bamba Sophia Jindan, returned to [[Lahore]] as the wife of a Dr [[David Waters Sutherland]]. She was known as Princess Bamba Sutherland.

In 1886 her husband resolved to return to India. On his way there he was arrested in [[Aden]] and forced to return to Europe. Bamba died on Friday 16 September 1887<ref name=died>{{Cite web |last=Said |first=Pan, Esther & Medhat |date=1848–1886 |title=Bamba Muller |url=https://dacb.org/stories/egypt/bamba/ |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography |language=en}}</ref> and was buried at [[Elveden]]. The cause of death was reported to Queen Victoria as "renal complications following [a] chill".<ref name=died/>

Bamba's husband went on to marry again in 1889 to [[Ada Douglas Wetherill|Ada Douglas-Wetherill]] and had two more children.

Her son Albert Edward Alexander Duleep Singh died aged thirteen in Hastings on 1 May 1893 and was buried next to his mother. When Bamba's husband died, his body was brought back to England and buried with his wife and son at [[Elveden]].

==References==
{{commons category|Bamba Müller}}
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muller, Bamba}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1887 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:People from Cairo]]
[[Category:Indian people of Ethiopian descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of German descent]]
[[Category:German people of Ethiopian descent]]
[[Category:German people of Egyptian descent]]
[[Category:Egyptian people of Ethiopian descent]]
[[Category:Egyptian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Women from the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:People from the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian royalty]]

Phyllocnistis argothea

2026-03-15T22:26:29Z

BridgetteBarthol: stub...

{{Short description|Species of moth}}

{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Phyllocnistis argothea
| authority = ([[Edward Meyrick|Meyrick]], 1933)<ref name="GTD">[http://www.gracillariidae.net/species_by_code/PHYLARGO Phyllocnistis argothea Meyrick, 1933] at the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera).</ref>
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Phyllocnistis argothea''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Gracillariidae]], known from [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref name="GTD"/> The hostplant for the species is ''[[Drypetes roxburghii]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10805582}}

[[Category:Phyllocnistis]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1933]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick]]

{{Phyllocnistis-stub}}

Jaishankar (actor)

2026-03-07T20:55:06Z

BridgetteBarthol: Started Some Details Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian actor (1938-2000)}}
{{for-multi|the diplomat and cabinet minister|S. Jaishankar|the criminal|M. Jaishankar|other people with this and similar names|Jayashankar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jaishankar
| image = Jaishankar oldfilm.jpg
| caption = Jaishankar's still from a movie
| birth_name = Shankar Subramaniyan Iyer
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1938|7|12}}<ref name="Randor Guy" />
| birth_place = [[Thirunelveli]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|6|3|1938|7|12}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| other_names = Makkal Kalaingnar, Thennagathu James Bond
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 1965–2000
| works = [[Jaishankar filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Geetha Shankar| 1967}}
| children = 3
}}

'''Jaishankar''' (born Shankar Subramaniyan Iyer on 12 July 1938, died 3 June 2000)<ref name="Randor Guy" /> was an Indian actor known for his work in [[Tamil cinema]]. He was a notable lead actor in the 1960s and 70s, who was credited onscreen with title of ''Makkal Kalaingnar'' (people's artiste) or ''Makkal Thamizhan'' (people's [[Tamils|Tamil]]) in most of the films starring him. He was also referred to as ''Thennakathu James Bond'' (South Indian [[James Bond]]) because of his roles in films such as ''[[Vallavan Oruvan]]'' and ''[[CID Shankar]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ram |first1=Arun |title=Vikram-Vetal: The yin & yang of Kamal Haasan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/chennaitalkies/vikram-vetal-the-yin-yang-of-kamal-haasan/ |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=June 20, 2022}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Jaishankar, whose real name was Shankar hailed from [[Kumbakonam]], but was born in [[Thirunelveli]] to parents Subramaniyan Iyer who was the Judge of Thirunelveli court and Yogambal on 12 July 1938.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=3 July 1965 |title=On the way to fame! |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11921/page/n56/mode/2up |url-status=live |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |page=52 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230301045819/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11921/page/n56/mode/2up |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Randor Guy">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/11/07/stories/2008110750220400.htm |title=Bond of Tamil screen |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=2008-11-07 |access-date=2011-05-13 |location=Chennai, India |author-link=Randor Guy |archive-date=9 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109093321/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/11/07/stories/2008110750220400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jaishankar did his schooling in [[P.S. Higher Secondary School]], [[Mylapore]], and completed his graduation from [[The New College, Chennai]], where he was awarded an honours degree. He studied law but gave it up after a year because of his interests in the theater and other art forms.<ref name=sp />

He joined [[Cho Ramaswamy]]'s "Cho's Viveka Fine Arts", which consisted mostly of Mylaporeans where he did insignificantly small roles. He wasn't happy as he was interested in exploring his acting skills. As a result, he moved out of the troupe and eventually joined Koothabiran's "Kalki Fine Arts" where he made a mark by playing one of the lead roles in Kalki's 'Amara Thaara'.

== Career ==
In an era dominated by [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[Gemini Ganesan]], he created his own niche with portrayals of Westernised characters. He was popularly known as ''South Indian James Bond'' because of his roles as the investigative detective in ''Vallavan Oruvan'' and ''CID Shankar'',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/10/09/stories/2010100951511300.htm |title=Metro Plus Coimbatore / Cinema : Simbu's a fan! |date=2010-10-09 |access-date=2011-05-13 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=9 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109093350/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/10/09/stories/2010100951511300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Kollywood/Jaishankar/263 |title=Find Tamil Actor Jaishankar Filmography, Movies, Pictures and Videos |publisher=Jointscene.com |access-date=2011-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713115624/http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Kollywood/Jaishankar/263 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and "Friday star" because he invariably had a release every week. He was also adept at comedy and contemporary portrayals as seen in ''[[Pattanathil Bhootham]]'', ''[[Noottrukku nooru|Noottrukku Nooru]]'' and ''[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]''.Among his more memorable roles was the teacher's role in the K Balachander film, ''Noothukku Nooru''. His first film was ''[[Iravum Pagalum]]'', which had also been the title of his debut film song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/jul14/film5.htm |title=Tribute |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=2011-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401005424/http://www.screenindia.com/old/jul14/film5.htm |archive-date=1 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH%2F2013%2F07%2F23%2F26%2FAr02605.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=658010&Keyword=%28%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EIravum%3Cand%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EPagalum%29&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |title=Article Window |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232704/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH%2F2013%2F07%2F23%2F26%2FAr02605.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2009&DOCID=658010&Keyword=%28%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EIravum%3Cand%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EPagalum%29&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead }}</ref> With the emergence of [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Kamal Haasan]], he began to mostly play villain and father roles in many films, among them ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'', ''[[Apoorva Sagodharargal (1989 film)|Apoorva Sagodharargal]]'' and ''[[Thalapathi]]''.

=== Early career (1965–1968) ===
Jaishankar made his film debut in 1965, in the film ''[[Iravum Pagalum]]'' directed by [[Joseph Thaliath Jr.]] The film was released on 14 January 1965 [[Thai Pongal]] day.<ref name= sp /><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1965-cinedetails6.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |last=Film News Anandan |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |location=Chennai |language=ta |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414182530/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1965-cinedetails6.asp |archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> Despite facing competition from ''[[Enga Veettu Pillai]]'' and ''[[Pazhani (1965 film)|Pazhani]]'', released on the same day, the film become a commercial success."<ref name="IndianExpress">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19650206&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Promising new faces in 'Iravum Pagalum' |date=6 February 1965 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=3}}</ref> Generally starring romance, comedy and action films (especially played in investigative detective). In followed year he acted ''[[Enga Veetu Penn]]'' (1965), and ''[[Panchavarna Kili]]'', where he played in a [[dual role]], and both the films become a commercial success. Jaishankar starred in ''[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]'' (1965), where he played estranged husband. Adaptation of [[Walt Disney|Disney]]'s ''[[The Parent Trap (1961 film)|The Parent Trap]]'' directed by [[Krishnan–Panju]] produced by [[AVM Productions]]. It was commercial success and won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]], and in ''[[Nee (film)|Nee]]'', he played college student and also he paired with [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] for first time and film become a commercial success. In 1966 he acted Psychological thriller film ''[[Yaar Nee?]]'', the film produced by [[P. S. Veerappa]], it was remake of Hindi film ''[[Woh Kaun Thi?]]'' (1964). The film becomes successful at the box-office. He continued to achieve success at the box-office with films like ''[[Naam Moovar]]'', ''[[Kadhal Paduthum Paadu]]'', and ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]]'' (they released in 1966). Jaishankar worked under [[Modern Theatres]] films including ''[[Iru Vallavargal]]'' (1966), the film remake of Hindi film ''[[Do Ustad (1959 film)|Do Ustad]]''. ''[[Vallavan Oruvan]]'' (1966), where he played Investigative officer [[CID Shankar]] on the death of his colleagues and the film loosely based on 1964 French-Italian film ''[[Shadow of Evil]]''. It becomes a major success at the box-office. ''[[Kadhalithal Podhuma]]'' (1967), the film was hit at the box-office. In 1967 he acted romantic-comic fantasy film ''[[Pattanathil Bhootham]]'' starred with [[K. R. Vijaya]], the film heavily inspired by the 1964 American film ''[[The Brass Bottle (1964 film)|The Brass Bottle]]'' and the film directed by [[M. V. Raman]], and the film released on [[Puthandu|Tamil Puthandu]]. Despite facing competition from ''[[Magaraasi]]'', released on same day, it become a major successful at the box-office. ''[[Naangu Killadigal]]'', he played escaped prisoner with his inmates, according to [[Indian Express]] the film did not well at the box-office. ''[[Neelagiri Express]]'' (1968), where he played CID investigative officer and the assigned the task of nabbing the criminals behind the murder. The film was remake of Malayalam film ''[[Cochin Express]]''and the film becomes blockbuster hit at the box-office.

=== Stardom (1969–1979) ===
In 1968, he acted comedy film ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'', romantic film ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'', and family-drama film ''[[Uyira Maanama]]'' and ''[[Jeevanamsam]]'', he starred with [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] and actress [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] debut on the film, she played shankar's sister role, all films becomes major hit at the box-office. In 1969 he acted in a comedy film ''[[Poova Thalaiya (1969 film)|Poova Thalaiya]]'', where he played the role of a successful son-in-law, Who will compete with an arrogant aunt. The film was a box-office success, running for 100 days in many centres of Tamil Nadu and also all over India. In same year he gives another major success films such as ''[[Akka Thangai]]'', he played suspected brother and the film directed by [[M. A. Thirumugam]]. It becomes huge hit at the box-office and won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu Film Award for Best Film (Second Prize)]]. And ''[[Mannippu]]'', where he played artist and falsely charged his finance missing case, it becomes a successful at the box-office and the film was remake of Malayalam film ''[[Padunna Puzha]]''.

In ''[[Maanavan]]'' (1970), where he played a young man who becomes a district administrator from the poverty level. Maanavan proves commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700718&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Cinema |date=18 July 1970 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10}}</ref> In 1970's he acted family drama film ''[[Penn Deivam]]'', and a comedy film ''[[Veettuku Veedu]]'', the film based on the play ''Thikku Theriyadha Veettil'' and later 2001 ''[[Viswanathan Ramamoorthy (film)|Viswanathan Ramamoorthy]]'' based on this film. And he starred in ''[[Ethirkalam]]'' with [[Gemini Ganesan]] and he acted Western-adventure film ''[[Kalam Vellum]]'' (1970), all the films becomes successfully hit at the box-office.''[[CID Shankar]]'' (1970), where he played to investigate a case of mysterious murder and finds clues leading to group of terrorists, it was an adaptation of 1965 French-Italian film ''[[OSS 117 Mission for a Killer]]''. ''[[Nootrukku Nooru]]'' (1971), where he played a college professor, who is accused by three college girls of sexual harassment, the film directed by [[K. Balachander]] under his production Kalakendra. The film was a milestone of Shankar's career and he won the Film Fans Association Best Actor Award in 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/06/09/stories/09090229.htm|title=A philanthropist till the end|date=9 June 2000|access-date=6 June 2019|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011150951/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2000/06/09/|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Karundhel Kannayiram'' (1972), where he played when he is falsely accused of a crime and force to prove his innocence. In followed year he acted western-cowboy film ''[[Ganga (1972 film)|Ganga]]'', it becomes a commercial success and his acted comedy-suspense film ''[[Nawab Naarkali]]'', in which he played financial stress law college student. The film adaptation of [[Komal Swaminathan]]'s stage play of the same name and it becomes successful hit at the box-office. ''[[Thedi Vandha Lakshmi]]'' (1973), Jakkamma (1973), both was hit at the box-office. He acted in 1973 comedy-melodrama film ''[[Ponvandu]]'', where he played wealthy young man, who spends as an expense, who become challenge to his father, will be able not earn money without his father kindness. Jaishankar partially romance with [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] in this film. And his 100th film was ''Idhayam Parakindrathu'' In 1974 he acted thriller film ''[[Vairam]]'', the film recorded at the super hit and followed he gives box-office success films ''[[Kaliyuga Kannan]]'' and ''[[Athaiya Mamiya]]''. His 1977 film ''Avar Enakke Sondham'' is credited with ushering [[disco]] music era in Tamil cinema with the smash-hit single ''Surangani'' composed by newcomer Ilayaraja.

=== Later career (1980–1999) ===
Between 1980 and 1999 Jaishankar emerged with latest actors like [[Rajinikanth]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Vijayakanth]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Thiagarajan]], [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] and played lead villain and in character role. In film ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kalai]]'' (1980), he reprise Villain role and co-starred with [[Rajinikanth]]. In film ''[[Vidhi (1984 film)|Vidhi]]'' (1984), he played rich criminal Lawyer and father of playboy Son, the film becomes Commercial Success. In 1984, he acted thriller film ''[[24 Mani Neram]]'', where he played investigating officer, the film directed by [[Manivannan]] and the same year he worked under [[Balu Mahendra]]'s film ''[[Neengal Kettavai]]''. In 1985 he played actress [[Nadhiya]] father role in ''[[Poove Poochooda Vaa]]'' directed by [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]. In followed he acted horror-thriller films as ''[[Yaar? (film)|Yaar?]]'' and ''[[Pillai Nila]]'' (both released in 1985) and he played crime thriller film ''[[Saavi]]'', which he played CID Inspector and solve the murder case. The film based on American film ''[[Dial M for Murder]]''. The film commercial hit at the box-office. In a film ''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' (1986), where he played who runs unprofitable Magazine Dhinamurasu, he was an editor of the magazine, the film made by Film college student and run over 100+ days in theatre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=oomai%20vizhigal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720163202/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=oomai%20vizhigal|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 July 2023|title=Filmography of oomai vizhigal|access-date=2011-11-28|website=Cinesouth}}</ref> In following 1989, he acted science fiction-horror film ''[[Naalai Manithan]]'', which he played [[mad scientist]] invents as drug which gives back life to dead if injected within two hours of dead, it becomes profitable venture.

Jaishankar emerged with [[Rajinikanth]] in fifteen films – ''[[Gaayathri]]'', ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'', ''[[Garjanai (1981 film)|Garjanai]]'', ''[[Thanikattu Raja]]'', ''[[Paayum Puli (1983 film)|Paayum Puli]]'', ''[[Thudikkum Karangal (1983 film)|Thudikkum Karangal]]'', ''[[Thai Veedu]]'', ''[[Adutha Varisu]]'', ''[[Thanga Magan (1983 film)|Thanga Magan]]'', ''[[Anbulla Rajinikanth]]'', ''[[Padikkadavan (1985 film)|Padikkadavan]]'', ''[[Maaveeran (1986 film)|Maaveeran]]'', ''[[Mappillai (1989 film)|Mappillai]]'', ''[[Thalapathi]]'', ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''.

Jaishankar emergence with [[Kamal Haasan]] in nine films – ''[[Cinema Paithiyam]]'', ''[[Savaal]]'', ''[[Ellam Inba Mayyam]]'', ''[[Vazhvey Maayam]]'', ''[[Sattam]]'', ''[[Naanum Oru Thozhilali]]'', ''[[Kadhal Parisu]]'', ''[[Apoorva Sagodharargal (1989 film)|Apoorva Sagodharargal]]'', ''[[Singaravelan]]''.

=== Collaborations ===
He has worked with many actresses including [[C. R. Vijayakumari]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Rajasulochana]], C. Vasantha, [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Devika]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]], [[Vanisri]], [[Rajasri]], [[Venniradai Nirmala]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]], [[Ushanandini]], [[Jayachitra]], [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]], [[Vijayanirmala]] of his time. Other actresses include A. Sakunthala, [[Vijayalalitha]], [[Jayakumari]], [[Srividya]], [[Sridevi]], [[Sripriya]] and [[Silk Smitha]]. He also co-starred with other actors such as [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[A. V. M. Rajan]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]], [[Sivakumar]], [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]], [[Nagesh]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[R. S. Manohar]], [[S. V. Ramadoss]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[P. S. Veerappa]], [[O. A. K. Thevar]], [[K. Balaji]], [[Rajinikanth]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Vijayakanth]], [[Thiagarajan]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]], [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] and [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]].

== Death ==
Jaishankar died of heart attack on 3 June 2000, at the age of 61 in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-06-05 |title=CM pays floral tributes to Jaishankar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/cm-pays-floral-tributes-to-jaishankar/article28019513.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314043050/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/cm-pays-floral-tributes-to-jaishankar/article28019513.ece |archive-date=14 March 2024 |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Medical trust ==
He is also remembered for his philanthropy as he helped the needy without any publicity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/mar-06-05/31-03-06-jaishankar.html |title=Tamil movies : Jaishankar's son to set up medical trust for poor!! |website=Behindwoods.com |date=2006-03-31 |access-date=2011-05-13 |archive-date=4 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804005201/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/mar-06-05/31-03-06-jaishankar.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Each year his son, Dr.Vijay Shankar, conducts 15 free eye surgeries on his father's birthday.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/26/stories/2006042620360200.htm |title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Charitable trust launched |date=2006-04-26 |access-date=2011-05-13 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=14 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914051908/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/26/stories/2006042620360200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> He planned to create a trust in his father's memory and conduct these camps on a larger scale and later include some more specialities like cardiac surgeries also.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/rp/2010/05/02/stories/2010050250120400.htm |title=Retail Plus Chennai : First Take |work=The Hindu |date=2010-05-02 |access-date=2011-05-13 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=8 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508123103/http://www.hindu.com/rp/2010/05/02/stories/2010050250120400.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Jaishankar filmography}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1126254}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]

Someshvara III

2026-03-06T15:15:47Z

BridgetteBarthol: Article...

{{Short description|King of the Western Chalukya Empire from 1126 to 1138}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Someshvara III
| title = [[King of kings|Maharajadhiraja]] [[Omniscience|Sarvadnya-bhupa]] [[King of the Universe|Bhulokamala]]
| image = File:Old Kannada inscription (1129 AD) at Kedareshvara temple in Balligavi.JPG
| reign = {{circa|5 October 1126}} – 1138<ref name="p264">{{cite web | publisher =Kitabistam | title=Full text of "Historical Inscriptions Of Southern INida" | website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/stream/historicalinscri035270mbp/historicalinscri035270mbp_djvu.txt | access-date=2025-09-23}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Vikramaditya VI]]
| successor = [[Jagadhekamalla II]]
| father = [[Vikramaditya VI]]
| succession = Western Chalukya King
| house = [[Chalukya dynasty]]
| death_date = 1138
| death_place =
}}
{{Chalukyas|Kalyani}}

'''Someshvara III''' ({{IAST3|Someśvara}}; {{reign|1126|1138}}) was a [[Western Chalukya]] king (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), the son and successor of [[Vikramaditya VI]].<ref name="bio"/> He ascended the throne of the Western Chalukya Kingdom in 1126,{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2004|p=452}} or 1127.<ref name="bio"/>

Someshvara III, the third king in this dynasty named after the Hindu god [[Shiva]] made numerous land grants to cause of [[Shaivism]] and its monastic scholarship.{{Sfn|Prabhavati C. Reddy|2014|pp=99-101}}<ref>{{cite news |title=नऊशे वर्षांपूर्वीचा शिलालेख जत तालुक्यात प्रकाशात |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra-news/an-inscription-of-about-900-years-ago-found-at-balgaon-in-jat-taluka-zws-70-2399904/ |access-date=28 March 2021 |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=13 February 2021 |language=mr-IN}}</ref> These monasteries in the Indian peninsula became centers of the study of the [[Vedas]] and Hindu philosophies such as the [[Nyaya]] school.{{Sfn|Prabhavati C. Reddy|2014|pp=99-101}} Someshvara III died in 1138, and succeeded by his son Jagadekamalla.{{Sfn|Kincaid|Parasanisa|1918|pp=32-33}}

Someshvara was a noted historian, scholar, and poet.<ref name="bio">A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000 by E. Sreedharan, p.328-329, Orient Blackswan, (2004) {{ISBN|81-250-2657-6}}</ref> He authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text ''[[Manasollasa]]'' touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry, dance and music – making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.{{Sfn|Kincaid|Parasanisa|1918|pp=32-33}}{{Sfn|Banerji|1989|p=238}} He also authored, in [[Sanskrit]], an incomplete biography of his father [[Vikramaditya VI]], called the ''Vikramankabhyudaya.''<ref name="bio"/> His scholarly pursuits was the reason he held such titles as ''Sarvadnya-bhupa'' (''lit'', "the king who knows everything") and ''Bhulokamala'' ("the king who is lord of all living beings").{{Sfn|Kincaid|Parasanisa|1918|pp=32-33}}

==Military Campaigns==
Someshvara inherited the empire from his father, [[Vikramaditya VI]] when it was at its territorial peak,<ref>Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Delhi: New Age Publishers. p. 387.</ref> and during his reign, he was able to maintain the empire to most of its extent, though with a few setbacks.

===Rebellions===
Prince [[Western Chalukya dynasty|Tailapa]] was one of Someshvara's younger brothers. The former had been governing the Kanduru-nadu province since the reign of their father [[Vikramaditya VI]].<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, pp. 76–77.</ref> The [[Panagal, Nalgonda district|Panugallu-''rajya'']] territory in this region was contested among members of the Choda chiefs of Kanduru, who were Chalukya vassals. After the death of the Choda chief Udaya I, Gokarna probably succeeded him on the throne of Panugallu. It appears that differences developed between Gokarna and other members of the Choda family—Gokarna's elder brother Bhima III and Bhima's nephew Shridevi-Tondaya—who rebelled against the suzerainty of the Chalukyas. In 1128 CE, Bhima III killed Gokarna, with the support of the Chalukya general (''damdesha'') Govinda. Meanwhile, Tailapa seems to have indirectly encouraged the rebellion against his brother Someshvara III, and possibly divided Panugallu-''rajya'' between Shridevi-Tondaya and Govinda.<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, pp. 77–80, 86.</ref>

Historian P. V. P. Sastry identifies Govinda with the governor of Komdapalli-sima, who was a nephew of Anantapala ''danda-nayaka''. M. Somasekhara Sharma identified him with Govinda, the son of Bagi Madimayya ''nayaka'' (an officer of Vengi<ref>Ghulam Yazdani, Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of His Exalted Highness the Nizam’s Dominions for the Year 1349 F., Hyderabad Archaeological Department, 1960, p. 583.</ref>), but Sastry notes that no historical records attest this person’s presence in the Telangana region at the time.<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, p. 79.</ref>

Someshvara seems to have dispatched his [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] feudatory, [[Prola II]], against the rebels.<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, p. 80.</ref> Sometime during 1130–1136 CE,<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, p. 84.</ref> Prola reinstated Udaya II, the son of Gokarna I, as the ruler of Panugallu-''rajya''.<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, p. 80.</ref> After the death of Prola II, his son [[Rudradeva|Rudra]] defeated Bhima.<ref>P. V. P. Sastry, The Kakatiyas of Warangal, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1978, p. 89.</ref>

===Wars with the Cholas===
Someshvara continued his father's wars against the [[Chola Empire|Cholas]], but was always on the defensive. This could probably be attributed to the nature of their reigns- Vikramaditya VI was an expansionist ruler who wanted to grow his domain's size, while Someshvara could not do the same for the realm he had inherited was too large to grow.

Someshvara suffered setbacks against the son of his father's rival [[Kulottunga I]], [[Vikrama Chola]], who momentarily reconquered [[Vengi]].<ref>Sastri (1955), pp. 175-176 — refers to K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India (1955 edition)</ref><ref>Kamath (1980), p. 105 — refers to a work by Suryanath U. Kamath, possibly A Concise History of Karnataka (1980)</ref><ref>Sen (1999), pp. 386-387 — refers to Sailendra Nath Sen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization (1999)</ref>
However, according to the [[Jainad]] inscription of his feudatory, [[Jagadeva|Jagaddeva]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Harihar Vitthal Trivedi |title=Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2) |series=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B4LAQAAMAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |pages=93–97 }}</ref> the latter:
*''Defeated the king of [[History of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]].'' Historian H. V. Trivedi believes that this refers to the [[Chola]] king [[Rajaraja Chola II|Rajaraja II]], and Someshvara with Jagaddeva may have led a Chalukya invasion against the Chola occupation of Andhra territory.
Hence, it is likely that Someshvara recovered Vengi from the Cholas.

===Battles with the Hoysalas===
During the reign of his father, Vikramaditya VI, the [[Hoysala Kingdom|Hoysalas]] whom were feudatories of the Western Chalukyas, under [[Vishnuvardhana]] continuously rebelled against Western Chalukya rule, but was defeated by Vikramaditya's feudatory commander, Achiugi, and forced back into submission.<ref>Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. pp. 386–387</ref><ref>P. N. Chopra, T. K. Ravindran, N. Subrahmanian (2003). History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Part 1. p. 153–154</ref><ref>hopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), pp. 153-154</ref>

During Someshvara III's reign, the Hoysalas under Vishnuvardhana staged another rebellion, which Someshvara defeated and successfully suppressed.<ref name="someshvara">Russell, Jesse, and Ronald Cohn. Somesvara III. Book on Demand, 2012. ISBN 978-5512249499.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2025}}

==The ''Manasollasa''==
{{main|Manasollasa}}
Someshvara III is credited with composing ''{{IAST|Mānasollāsa}}'' ({{langx|sa|मानसोल्लास}}) (meaning "the refresher of the mind"{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2004|p=452}}) or the {{IAST|Abhilaṣitārtha Cintāmaṇi}} (the magical stone that fulfills desires). It is an encyclopedic work {{Sfn|Prakash|2005|p=302}} in Sanskrit. The treatise deals with a wide range of topics (100 topics{{Sfn|Prakash|2005|p=302}}), which include the approach to acquire a kingdom, methods of establishing it and royal enjoyment. It contains valuable information regarding Indian art, architecture, cuisine, ornaments, sports, music and dance.{{Sfn|Banerji|1989|p=238}} It includes recipes for the king's favorite dishes including several types of rice, vegetables, meats and various [[Sweets from the Indian subcontinent|sweets]]. In addition to milk based sweets it includes recipes for fried sweets like ''golamu'', ''[[pantua]]'' and ''gharika''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krondl |first1=Michael |title=Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert |publisher=Chicago Review Press |pages=41–42}}</ref>

==The ''Vikramankabhyudaya''==
''Vikramankabhyudaya,'' a text found in 1925, is a historical document written by Someshvara III, in the form of a biography of his father.<ref name="bio"/> The first chapter provides a detailed description of the geography and people of Karnataka, the second chapter explains the grandeur of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyan]], the capital city of the Western Chalukya Empire.<ref name="bio"/> The long third chapter pertains to the history of the Chalukyas starting with a legendary story ending with the sixteenth year of Someshvara III's father, Vikramaditya VI reign when the latter began his war of victory, "Digvijaya".{{Sfn|Sreedharan2004|p=328}} However, the last chapter is incomplete as it terminates abruptly as: "The Brahmanas and the ladies on that day...."{{Sfn|Sreedharan2004|p=328}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
*{{cite book|last= Banerji |first=Sures Chandra |title=A Companion to Sanskrit Literature: Spanning a Period of Over Three Thousand Years, Containing Brief Accounts of Authors, Works, Characters, Technical Terms, Geographical Names, Myths, Legends, and Several Appendices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkOAEdIsdUsC&pg=PA238|year=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0063-2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Kincaid|first1=Charles| last2=Parasanisa|first2=Dattatraya| title=A history of the Maratha people| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXwNjkn-HPsC&pg=PA33 |year=1918| publisher= Oxford University Press}}
*{{cite book|last= Prakash |first=Om |title=Cultural History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC&pg=PA302|date=1 January 2005|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1587-2}}
*{{cite book|author=Prabhavati C. Reddy|title=Hindu Pilgrimage: Shifting Patterns of Worldview of Srisailam in South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkUsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80631-8}}
*{{cite book|last= Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYeOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT452|date=29 December 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-45571-6}}
*{{cite book|last= Sreedharan |first=E. |title=A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJVoi3PIejwC|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2657-0}}
* Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002). {{LCCN|80905179}}
* Dr. P. Arundhati (1994). ''Royal Life in Manasollasa'', New Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, {{ISBN|81-85067-89-9}}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Someshvara 03}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1138 deaths]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya kings]]

Param Vir Chakra (film)

2026-03-03T23:40:23Z

BridgetteBarthol: improve formatting for accuracy and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Param Vir Chakra
| image =

| caption =
| director = Ashok Kaul
| producer = Ashok Kaul
| writer = Ashok Kaul and K.K.Singh
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Saeed Jaffrey]]|[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]|[[Hema Malini]]|[[Rajeshwari Sachdev]]}}
| music = Ravindra Jain
| cinematography = [[Radhu Karmakar]]
| editing = Navneet Pataskar
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1995|03|31|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Param Vir Chakra''''' is a [[1995 in film|1995]] [[Bollywood]] [[war film|war]] [[action film]] directed and written by [[Major (rank)|Major]] Ashok Kaul.<ref>[[Major (rank)|Major]] Ashok Kaul [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaW9aCa-kyA][https://tv.eletsonline.com/major-ashok-kaul-bollywood-film-producer-india/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129105649/http://tv.eletsonline.com/major-ashok-kaul-bollywood-film-producer-india/|date=29 November 2017}}[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1539748/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314083348/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1539748/|date=14 March 2007}}</ref> It stars [[Saeed Jaffrey]], [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] and [[Hema Malini]]. The film premiered on 31 March 1995 in [[Mumbai]].

At the [[42nd National Film Awards]] of 1994, veteran cinematographer [[Radhu Karmakar]], who died in 1993, was posthumously given a [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]] for the film.<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015003/http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Hema Malini]] as Seema, Akash's Mother
*[[Salim Shaikh]] as Air Force Officer Akash)
*[[Rajeshwari Sachdev]] as Radha Joshi
*[[Navin Nischol]] as Mahesh Joshi Radha's Father
*[[Saeed Jaffrey]] as Naval Officer Yashpal Nanda
*[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Army Officer Khanna
*[[Abhijeet Sengupta]] as Naval Officer Ravi Chatterjee
*[[Rajesh Shringarpure]] as Army Officer Arun Khanna
*[[Reema Lagoo]] as Kamla Khanna Arun's Mother
*[[Raghubir Yadav]] as student
*[[Aashish Kaul]] as Inspector Sharma

==Soundtrack==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Gagan Se Oonchi" - Part I
| [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Vinod Rathod]]
|-
| 2
| "Pyar Ki Vaadiyon Mein" - Part I
| [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| 3
| "Pyar Ki Vaadiyon Mein" - Part II
| Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan
|-
| 4
| "Gagan Se Oonchi" - Part II
| Suresh Wadkar, Mohammed Aziz, Vinod Rathod
|-
| 5
| "Sun Aaj Mere"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sadhna Sargam]]
|-
| 6
| "Ek Baat Kahoon"
| Kumar Sanu
|-
| 7
| "Tujh Pe Qurban"
| [[Ravindra Jain]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 8
| "My First Love"
| Kumar Sanu, Suresh Wadkar, Mohammed Aziz
|-
| 9
| "Pyar Ke Lamhe"
| Suresh Wadkar, Mohammed Aziz
|-
| 10
| "Param Veer Chakra"
| Ravindra Jain
|-
| 11
| "Mere Mehboob Mere Watan"
| Kumar Sanu, Suresh Wadkar, Mohammed Aziz, Asha Bhosle
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0940893}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|paramveer-chakra|Paramveer Chakra}}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316044233/http://www.dhingana.com/param-veer-chakra/movie/songs/hindi/latest/4913 |title=''Param Veer Chakra'' at Dhingana.com}}

[[Category:1995 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1990s action war films]]
[[Category:Indian action war films]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{war-film-stub}}

Katha Screenplay Darsakatvam Appalaraju

2026-03-03T17:47:05Z

BridgetteBarthol: small refine references as per guidelines and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Katha Screenplay Darsakatvam Appalaraju
| image = Katha Screenplay Darsakatvam Appalaraju.jpg
| director = [[Ram Gopal Varma]]
| producer = Kiran Kumar Koneru
| writer = Ram Gopal Varma [[Nilesh Girkar]]
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] [[Swati Reddy]] [[Brahmanandam]]
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cinematography = [[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
| editing = Bhanodaya [[Prawin Pudi]]
| studio =
| distributor = Shreya Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|2|18}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Katha Screenplay Darsakatvam Appalaraju''''' ({{translation|Story screenplay and direction by Appalaraju}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[Ram Gopal Varma]]. It stars [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Swati Reddy]] in the lead roles, alongside [[Brahmanandam]] and [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]. Sudhakar Reddy has handled the camera and [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] has composed the music.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filmsadda.com/movie.php?news=katha-screenplay-direction-appalaraju.html |title=Katha Screenplay Direction Appalaraju Movie – Sunil, RGV |publisher=Filmsadda.com |access-date=2012-08-06 |archive-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208153659/http://www.filmsadda.com/movie.php?news=katha-screenplay-direction-appalaraju.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==
Appalaraju, a film lover, watches films regularly at Rambha Theatre in Amalapuram wondering why the directors are bringing out such films. His life's ambition is to direct a film better than all the established directors. He leaves for Hyderabad and stays in his friend's house, with his script titled ''Nayaki''. His friend takes him to an audio release function, where he meets a producer called Rakhee. He and his creative head Pushpanand reads the script and suggest some changes. But Appalaraju does not agree to change even a single word in it. Then Rakhee suggests Appalaraju to convince the top heroine of the film industry Kanishka as her nod would help them fetch financiers.

Somehow, Appalaraju meets the heroine and narrates the story and she agrees to do the film. Then Rakhee, Pushpanand and Appalaraju meet Data Base to Finance their film. He wants one of the top heroes, Babu Garu to be roped in for the lead role so that the combination would help achieve a hit. Appalaraju pleads with Kanishka and she convinces Babu Garu and Data Base agrees to invest on the film. However, due to some differences with Kanishka, Babu Garu quits the project and Data Base refuses to finance the film. Now, Rakhee and Appalaraju meet Srisailam Anna, who is basically a rowdy sheeter to finance the film. He agrees to finance the film with the condition, that only lyrics penned by him should be used in it. Luck again favors Appalaraju as Kanishka convinces another top hero KT to pair up with her. Rahman Sharma scores tunes for the lyrics penned by Srisailam Anna and in order to attract the mass audiences, the hero KT insists on keeping an item number in the film. With no option left, Appalaraju agrees to it. The shooting of the film completes and before the release of the film, the producer invites the media to write reviews in their favor.

However, Babu Garu turns the tables and makes the entire media against the film. Now, the producers start searching for a distributor and meet Ontikannu Gavarraju, but he wants the promos in a different manner, with much exposure of heroine and the hero in an attractive manner. But Appalaraju refuses to change the promos. Gavarraju refuses to distribute the film first but changes his mind after meeting Babu Garu and agrees to take distribution rights across the state. In the last minutes, Gavarraju cheats the producer and refuses to release the film. Again, Rakhee and Appalaraju meet Data Base to distribute the film and he accepts their proposal. KT insists that the film should be released on the same day when Babu Garu"s film 'Pranam Teesta" is releasing during Sankranti season. With all the options closed, Babu Garu wants to stop the release of the film at any cost. Y Venkat, a director, gives an idea to burn the negatives of the film. Mistakenly, they burn another film's negative and ''Nayaki'' has a smooth release and becomes a big hit to the surprise of Appalaraju. ''Nayaki'' bags awards for all the departments, too. The biggest surprise is that Appalaraju wants to bring out a tragic and heart-touching film, but he bags the award for a comedy entertainer. Though initially saddened, that his original script was butchered, he starts dancing in joy along with the rest of the crew. The movie ends with Appalaraju and Krishna dancing to the remix version of the item song used in the film.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Appalaraju
* [[Swati Reddy]] as Krishna Reddy
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Sri Sailam Anna
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Ringtone Rahman Sharma
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Gogineni Venkataramana Rao
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Onti Kannu Gavarraju
* [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]] as Babu Garu
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Y. Venkat
* Aamir Tameem as Rudraveena
* [[Sakshi Gulati]] as Kanishka
* [[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Gannu
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]] as Fan
* [[Tanu Roy]] as Sarala
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Uppalraju
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Rakhi
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Pushpanand
* [[Suman Setty]] as Annamacharya
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as KT
* [[Raja Ravindra]] as E.V.
* [[Krishna Bhagawan]] as Data Base
* [[Krishnudu]] as Banda
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Narsing
* [[Kovai Sarala]]
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]
* [[Narsing Yadav]]
* [[Ravi Teja]] as Seenu, a [[body double]] of Teja (cameo appearance)
}}

==Production==
The film was launched at [[Annapoorna Studios]], Hyderabad by [[Ram Gopal Varma]] who makes a comeback to Tollywood after 12 years. [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Sridevi]] and [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] were the guests at the launch.

== Reception ==

''[[Rediff.com]]''<nowiki/>'s Radhika Rajamani rated the film 2 stars of 5 and wrote: "Though the film is an attempt to show the happenings in the industry, it was not done well. People not familiar with the industry may not 'get' what the director is trying to say."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajamani|first=Radhika|title=KSD Appalraju review: RGV fails to impress|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-ksd-appalraju-review/20110218.htm|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> Hemanth of ''123 Telugu'' rated 2.75/5 and stated: "KSD Appalaraju is a fine example of how curiosity can kill the cat. It does make an interesting watch if you know about the characters and exactly whom to relate to. However ironic it may sound, the film is seriously tragic at its core."<ref>{{Cite web|title=KSD Appalaraju Movie Review|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/K/KSD_Appalaraju/KSD_Appalaraju_Review.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.123telugu.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film is composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]. [[Ram Gopal Varma]] has written lyrics for a song.<ref>{{Citation|title=Appalaraju (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Koti|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/appalaraju-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1165881691|language=en-us|access-date=2021-01-09}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| lyrics_credits =
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Luck To Siva Cinema || extra1 = Srikanth || lyrics1 =
| title2 = Maya Bazaaru || extra2 = Srikanth || lyrics2 =
| title3 = Naa Peru Srisailam || extra3 = [[Brahmanandam]] || lyrics3 =
| title4 = Emetti Penchare || extra4 = [[Geetha Madhuri]], Simha || lyrics4 =
| title5 = Unbelievable || extra5 = [[Swati Reddy]], [[Mynampati Sreeram Chandra]] || lyrics5 =
| title6 = Ring Roadu || extra6 = [[Vedala Hemachandra|Hemachandra]], Geetha Madhuri || lyrics6 =
| title7 = Publicity || extra7 = Ranjith || lyrics7 =
| title8 = Kottukundam Thittukundam || extra8 = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]], Geetha Madhuri, Sai
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.appalaraju.com}}
* {{IMDb title|1722441|Katha Screenplay Darshakatvam Appalaraju}}

{{Ram Gopal Varma}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ram Gopal Varma]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:2011 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films about film directors and producers]]
[[Category:Films about screenwriters]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films about films]]

Karki (film)

2026-03-03T12:20:00Z

BridgetteBarthol: Started A Details Initial Version

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{short description|Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Karki Nanu BA, LLB.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Pavithran (Tamil film director)|Pavithran]]
| producer = Prakash Palani
| screenplay = Pavithran
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]'' (2018) by [[Mari Selvaraj]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|* Jai Prakash Reddy
* Meenakshi Dinesh
}}
| music = {{Ubl| [[Arjun Janya]]
| Abhay Anand}}
| cinematography = Rishikesh
| editing = Sri Crazy Mindz
| studio = Third Eye Media
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|9|20|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Karki''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Pavithran (Tamil film director)|Pavithran]] and produced by Prakash Palani under the banner of Third Eye Media. It is a remake of the 2018 Tamil film ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]''. It features Jai Prakash Reddy and Meenakshi Dinesh (in her [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] debut) in lead roles, alongside [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Bala Rajwadi]], Yathiraj, and Mimicry Gopi in supporting roles.<ref name=":TNIE1" />

== Cast ==
* Jai Prakash Reddy as Muthathi Mutturaj (Muttu)
* Meenakshi Dinesh as Jyothi Lakshmi (Jo)
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Bala Rajwadi]]
* Yathiraj
* Mimicry Gopi

== Production ==
Initially, the team considered a local Kannada director, but ultimately chose [[Pavithran (Tamil film director)|Pavithran]], marking his debut in the [[Kannada film industry]].<ref>{{cite news |title=About love and life - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/about-love-and-life/articleshow/112903967.cms |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Director's Kannada film Karki's Trailer Released |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/tamil-director-s-kannada-film-karki-s-trailer-released-article-112699919/amp |work=Times Now |date=22 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822192218/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/tamil-director-s-kannada-film-karki-s-trailer-released-article-112699919/amp |url-status=live}}</ref> Jai Prakash Reddy who is known for his performance in ''Whatsapp Love'' (2019), was cast alongside Meenakshi Dinesh, who is known for her works in ''[[Journey of Love 18+]]'' and ''[[Iratta]]'' marks her debut in [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Caste and social commentary to take center stage in Jai Prakash Reddy's 'Karki' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Sep/19/caste-and-social-commentary-to-take-center-stage-in-jai-prakash-reddys-karki |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":TNIE1" /> Kyasinakere village was chosen as the filming location for scenes featuring dogs, after the crew identified it as a suitable site with local dog owners.<ref name=":BM1">{{cite news |title=Karki's team all excited ahead of film's grand release - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/karkis-team-all-excited-ahead-of-films-grand-release/articleshow/113465994.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919030053/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/karkis-team-all-excited-ahead-of-films-grand-release/amp_articleshow/113465994.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot across various locations in Karnataka, including [[Shimoga]], [[Davanagere]], [[Hubli]], [[Bangarapet]], [[Kolar Gold Fields]], [[Bangalore]], [[Channapatna]], [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], and [[Bagalkote]]. Additionally, scenes featuring dogs were filmed in [[Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":TN1">{{cite news |title=Karki Nanu BA, LLB: Kannada Film Delves Into Caste Struggles And Social Equality |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/karki-nanu-ba-llb-kannada-film-delves-into-caste-struggles-and-social-equality-article-112232800/amp |work=Times Now |date=3 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The cinematography was by Rishikesh, while the editing was handled by Sri Crazy Mindz.<ref name=":TNIE1">{{cite news |title='For a filmmaker, cinema transcends language,' says Pavithran |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Sep/17/for-a-filmmaker-cinema-transcends-language-says-pavithran |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The film received a U/A certificate from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name=":TN1" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Karki
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]], Abhay Anand
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2024
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Feature film soundtrack
| length = 20:57
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| chronology = [[Arjun Janya]]
| prev_title = [[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|D5cX8XAZdzI|Karki – Jukebox}}}}
}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[Arjun Janya]] and Abhay Anand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karki Songs @Gaana |url=https://gaana.com/album/karki |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Karki - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/karki/l,MnFcNgHe8_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=25 September 2024 |date=4 September 2024}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| title1 = Karki Karki
| music1 = Arjun Janya
| length1 = 3:02
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = Nishaan Rai
| title2 = Dun Dun Nakkadi
| music2 = Arjun Janya
| length2 = 3:29
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Aniruddha Sastry]]
| title3 = Kannale (Duet Song)
| music3 = Arjun Janya
| length3 = 3:28
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = Shreenidhi G Shastry, Ananya Bhat
| title4 = Naan Yaar
| music4 = Arjun Janya
| length4 = 4:15
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Aniruddha Sastry
| title5 = Vale Jummki
| music5 = Abhay Anand
| length5 = 3:57
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Aniruddha Sastry, Mookuthi Murugan, Parthiban
| title6 = Hidithu Kaiyanu
| music6 = Arjun Janya
| length6 = 2:46
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Aarna Shetty
| total_length = 20:57
}}

== Release ==
The film was released theatrically on 20 September 2024.<ref name=":BM1" />

== Reception ==
Sridevi S of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "The movie is a powerful, level-headed drama about a youth from an oppressed class making way for himself in a casteist society. If you haven’t seen the original, do not miss this film that skilfully mirrors the harsh realities of the society we live in."<ref>{{cite news |title=Karki Nanu BA, LLB Movie Review : Karki Nanu BA LLB review: A thought-provoking film on caste-based discrimination |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kartki-naanu-ba-llb/movie-review/113544868.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925205718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kartki-naanu-ba-llb/movie-review/113544868.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "Despite its flaws, ''Karki'' succeeds in delivering an important message, leaving viewers to reflect on the realities of caste discrimination and resilience."<ref>{{cite news |title=Karki Movie Review: True To Its Roots, 'Karki' Is A Deep Dive Into The Realities Of Caste System |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/karki-movie-review-true-to-its-roots-karki-is-a-deep-dive-into-the-realities-of-caste-system-review-113532636/amp |work=Times Now |date=20 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925205659/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/karki-movie-review-true-to-its-roots-karki-is-a-deep-dive-into-the-realities-of-caste-system-review-113532636/amp |url-status=live}}</ref>

A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "''Karki'' emerges as a thoughtful adaptation that captures essential social themes while keeping the audience invested in the characters' journeys. It invites viewers to reflect on the harsh realities of caste discrimination while celebrating resilience and aspiration."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title='Karki' movie review: This thoughtful, heartfelt adaptation stays true to the original |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Sep/21/karki-movie-review-this-thoughtful-heartfelt-adaptation-stays-true-to-the-original |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922121559/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/review/2024/Sep/21/karki-movie-review-this-thoughtful-heartfelt-adaptation-stays-true-to-the-original |url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Udayavani]]'' gave the film a positive review.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karki Movie Review: ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಅರಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾತಿ ಸಂಘರ್ಷ |url=https://m.udayavani.com/article/karki-kannada-movie-review/1707399 |work=udayavani.com |date=22 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922112348/https://m.udayavani.com/article/karki-kannada-movie-review/1707399 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Pavithran}}

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about animal cruelty]]
[[Category:Films about dogs]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about hazing]]
[[Category:Films about honor killing]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pavithran (Tamil film director)]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]

Case of Kondana

2026-03-03T12:11:53Z

BridgetteBarthol: put up new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Case of Kondana
| image = Case of Kondana.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Devi Prasad Shetty
| writer = Devi Prasad Shetty
| screenplay = Devi Prasad Shetty
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Devi Prasad Shetty Sathwik Hebbar
| starring = [[Vijay Raghavendra]] [[Bhavana Menon]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Vishwajith Rao
| editing =
| music = Gagan Baderiya
| studio = Flying Elephant Story Tellers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|1|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Case of Kondana''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by Devi Prasad Shetty, starring [[Vijay Raghavendra]] and [[Bhavana Menon]] in lead roles. It marked the second collaboration between Raghavendra and Shetty after ''[[Seetharam Benoy Case No. 18]]'' (2021). The film has cinematography by Vishwajith Rao and music by Gagan Baderiya.

The film was released on 26 January 2024, coinciding with the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic day]], to positive reviews.

== Plot ==
The story is set in the fictional suburb of Kondana, near [[Bengaluru]] in [[South India]].

Wilson ([[Vijay Raghavendra]]) is a newly recruited police officer. Although he bribed his way into the force, he genuinely wants to serve with integrity. He still owes part of the bribe to his contact, and is about to pay it off. Lakshmi ([[Bhavana Menon]]), the ACP of Wilson’s station and his superior, is currently leading an investigation into a series of gruesome killings that have made national headlines. The brutal nature of the murders has deeply affected her, especially one case that left a young girl orphaned.

Raju ([[Saajan]] Kataria), a poor North Indian street food vendor living in Kondana, is struggling. His son suffers from a life-threatening illness, and the treatment costs Rs. 500,000, which he doesn’t have. He tries desperately to borrow from others.

Eventually, the police identify the killer: a gangster named Selvan. During the raid, Selvan is ready to surrender, but Lakshmi shoots him dead. When Selvan’s brother learns of this, he vows to avenge his brother's death by killing Lakshmi.

Meanwhile, Raju still can’t find the money for his son's treatment. One night, while he’s working at his food stall, his son's condition worsens. He tells his wife to bring the boy to him so they can take him to the hospital together.

At that moment, Wilson, who had just gotten the bribe money, gets into a minor accident near Raju’s stall. He regains consciousness with minor injuries, steps out of his car, and sits at Raju’s stall to tend to his wounds. Raju helps him. While fetching a bandage from Wilson’s car, Raju notices the large sum of cash inside. Seeing no other way to save his son, he steals the money. Wilson quickly realises what happened and confronts Raju. Even when caught, Raju refuses to return the money. A struggle breaks out between them, and Wilson accidentally kills Raju.

Just then, a police patrol car approaches. In a panic, Wilson hides Raju’s body and tries to appear normal. Officers Tyagaraj (Lakshmi’s father) and his partner step out to investigate. Since Wilson is new to the station, they don’t recognise him. Finding nothing suspicious, they leave. Wilson also drives off. However, Tyagaraj then senses something was off and decides to return. Meanwhile, Wilson heads back to retrieve Raju’s body. Tyagaraj arrives in time to see Wilson dragging the body away and starts following him.

On the way, Wilson’s colleague Subhash spots him and asks for a lift, which Wilson reluctantly agrees to. After getting dropped off, Subhash notices blood dripping from the car. He also recalls Wilson being anxious and a large can of petrol in the backseat. Growing suspicious, he follows Wilson.

Wilson reaches a remote field, unaware he's been followed by both Tyagaraj and Subhash. As Wilson prepares to burn Raju’s body, Subhash intervenes. Wilson confesses everything, and Subhash agrees to keep it a secret. At that moment, Tyagaraj and his partner reveal themselves and confront both men. Although Wilson and Subhash try to explain, the two insist on reporting it formally.

A physical altercation breaks out. During the scuffle, Wilson's petrol can is knocked over. As tensions escalate, guns are drawn. A gunshot ignites the spilled petrol, causing a fire that kills Subhash, Tyagaraj, and his partner. Wilson, having been farther from the flames, flees the scene.

Back at the hospital, Raju’s wife arrives alone with their son, as she couldn't find Raju at the stall, only to lose him to the illness due to delayed treatment.

Police quickly learn of the deaths of the three police officers and Raju. Enraged, Lakshmi swears to kill the perpetrator in the same spot, the same way they died. She launches a full-scale manhunt, assigning all officers to the investigation, including Wilson. Wilson uses the opportunity to cover his tracks: erasing CCTV footage, destroying evidence, and tampering with Raju’s autopsy report to prevent identification.

Eventually, the police locate Raju’s wife. During questioning, they realise her account contradicts the autopsy report. Lakshmi grows suspicious of Wilson, who submitted the report. She checks his phone’s location history and sees he was at the scene of her father's murder. Along with other clues, she confirms Wilson is the perpetrator.

Meanwhile, guilt consumes Wilson after learning Raju’s son died. After emotional conversations with his father and girlfriend, he decides to surrender.

Lakshmi orders her officers to bring Wilson to the field where the three policemen died. Despite Wilson’s pleas, he’s beaten without mercy. Just as Lakshmi is about to execute him, Selvan’s brother and his gang attack. A fierce fight breaks out, leaving many dead. Lakshmi is wounded, and Selvan’s brother moves to kill her. Injured but determined, Wilson rises and fights off the gang, killing the remaining members and saving Lakshmi.

The movie ends with Wilson going to jail.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vijay Raghavendra]] as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Wilson
* [[Bhavana Menon]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police#India|ACP]] Lakshmi
* [[Kushee Ravi]] as Dr. Sahana
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as ASI Tyagaraj
* [[Sundar Raj]] as George, ASI Wilson's Father
* Petrol Prasanna as ASI Subhash
* [[Bala Rajwadi]] as [[Inspector#India|Inspector]] Mahendar
* Saajan Kataria as Raju
* Sathwik Hebbar
}}

== Production ==
Devi Prasad Shetty, who directed [[Vijay Raghavendra]]'s 50th film, ''[[Seetharam Benoy Case No. 18]]'' (2021), collaborated again with him for this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/sep/06/deviprasad-shetty-vijay-raghavendra-reunite-for-case-of-kondana-34445.html|title=Deviprasad Shetty, Vijay Raghavendra reunite for Case of Kondana|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=6 September 2022 |access-date=2024-02-09|archive-date=2022-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906073635/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/sep/06/deviprasad-shetty-vijay-raghavendra-reunite-for-case-of-kondana-34445.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-deviprasad-shetty-to-team-up-with-vijay-raghavendra-for-case-of-kondana/articleshow/94024511.cms|title=Director Deviprasad Shetty to team up with Vijay Raghavendra for 'Case of Kondana'|date=6 September 2022|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119052242/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-deviprasad-shetty-to-team-up-with-vijay-raghavendra-for-case-of-kondana/articleshow/94024511.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that the film's story would take place over one night and is set in a fictional locality called Kondana in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="toi1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/case-of-kondana-a-thrilling-murder-mystery-unfolds-in-one-night/articleshow/107147905.cms|title=Case of Kondana proves a lot can happen in one night: Devi Prasad|date=26 January 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128174120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/case-of-kondana-a-thrilling-murder-mystery-unfolds-in-one-night/articleshow/107147905.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/02/case-of-kondanasets-a-release-date-2646868.html|title='Case of Kondana' sets a release date|first=Express News|last=Service|date=2 January 2024|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=17 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117034647/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/jan/02/case-of-kondanasets-a-release-date-2646868.html|url-status=live}}</ref> When the film was announced, similar to ''Seetharam Benoy Case No. 18'', the film was reported to be a crime thriller, and went with the tagline '09/2018' alluding to the film's timeline.<ref>{{cite web |title=Case of Kondana: Vijay Raghavendra reunites with Seetharam Benoy director Devi Prasad Shetty for an investigative thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/case-of-kondana-vijay-raghavendra-reunites-with-seetharam-benoy-director-devi-prasad-shetty-for-an-investigative-thriller/2501e0a785240 |website=OTTPlay |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517020710/https://www.ottplay.com/news/case-of-kondana-vijay-raghavendra-reunites-with-seetharam-benoy-director-devi-prasad-shetty-for-an-investigative-thriller/2501e0a785240 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shetty and Sathwik Hebbar produced the film under the banner Flying Elephant Story Tellers.<ref name="toi1"/> [[Kushee Ravi]] was cast opposite Raghavendra as the female lead. Jogi, a journalist, wrote the film's dialogue. It was reported that [[Poornachandra Tejaswi (composer)|Poornachandra Tejaswi]] was first signed to score music for the film, Vishwajith Rao as cinematographer and Bhavani Shankar as art director. The film was launched in September 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Raghavendra ಸೀತಾರಾಮ್‌ ಬಿನೋಯ್‌ ತಂಡದ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಚಿತ್ರ ಕೇಸ್‌ ಆಫ್‌ ಕೊಂಡಾಣ |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/gallery/sandalwood/vijay-raghavendra-kushi-ravi-in-case-of-kondana-film-vcs-rhz8wo |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |date=10 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912230839/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/gallery/sandalwood/vijay-raghavendra-kushi-ravi-in-case-of-kondana-film-vcs-rhz8wo |archive-date=12 September 2022 |language=kn}}</ref> The [[muhurat shot]] took place on 8 September in Bengaluru. The makers announced that filming would begin on 28 September.<ref name="ht1">{{cite news |last1=Kotagunasi |first1=Manjunath B. |title=Vijay Raghavendra: ಚಿನ್ನಾರಿ ಮುತ್ತನ ಹೊಸ ಸಿನಿಮಾ 'Case of ಕೊಂಡಾಣ'; 'ಬಿನೋಯ್‌' ಬಳಗದ ಬತ್ತಳಿಕೆಯಿಂದ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಥ್ರಿಲ್ಲರ್..‌ |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/case-of-kondana-launch-vijay-raghavendra-joined-hands-again-with-seetharaam-benoys-film-team-181662639700814.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=Kannada Hindustan Times |date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517015712/https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/case-of-kondana-launch-vijay-raghavendra-joined-hands-again-with-seetharaam-benoys-film-team-181662639700814.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |language=kn}}</ref>

It was reported that Raghavendra would reprise his role as a police officer, alongside [[Bhavana Menon]], and that Kushee would play a doctor.<ref name="ht1"/> However, Raghavendra stated that it would be a [[standalone film]] and had no link to ''Seetharam Benoy Case No. 18''. He added that his character in the film, Wilson, was "honest and intense" and that he "is more impulsive than Seetharam".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anien |first1=Tini Sara |title=I want to do mature roles: Vijay Raghavendra |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/i-want-to-do-mature-roles-vijay-raghavendra-2856959 |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517024026/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/i-want-to-do-mature-roles-vijay-raghavendra-2856959 |url-status=live }}</ref> He noted that Wilson is also "brave, intelligent" and that his "aim is to nab criminals and restore peace in a place called Kondana."<ref>{{cite web |title=Feel a sense of pride every time I wear a police uniform: Vijay Raghavendra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/feel-a-sense-of-pride-every-time-i-wear-a-police-uniform-vijay-raghavendra/articleshow/107087119.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=17 May 2024 |date=24 January 2024 |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517055506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/feel-a-sense-of-pride-every-time-i-wear-a-police-uniform-vijay-raghavendra/articleshow/107087119.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He stated that he drew inspiration from the cop roles portrayed by [[Devaraj]] and [[Shankar Nag]] in the past, and also his father-in-law, a former police officer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=I don't like characters that go overboard with police roles or turn them into comical figures: Actor Vijay Raghavendra |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/25/i-dont-like-characters-that-go-overboard-with-police-roles-or-turn-them-into-comical-figures-actor-vijay-raghavendra |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=en |date=25 January 2024}}</ref> [[Rangayana Raghu]] was also cast for a prominent role.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kotagunasi |first1=Manjunath B. |title=Case of Kondana: ಮತ್ತೊಮ್ಮೆ ಖಾಕಿ ಖದರ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ತನಿಖೆಗಿಳಿದ ವಿಜಯ್‌ ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ; ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯೋತ್ಸವಕ್ಕೆ 'ಕೇಸ್‌ ಆಫ್‌ ಕೊಂಡಾಣ' ರಿಲೀಸ್ |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-vijay-raghavendra-bhavana-menon-starrer-case-of-kondana-ready-to-release-kannada-movies-news-mnk-181705557292462.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 January 2024 |language=kn |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517024020/https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-vijay-raghavendra-bhavana-menon-starrer-case-of-kondana-ready-to-release-kannada-movies-news-mnk-181705557292462.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gagan Baderiya later replaced Tejaswi as the composer for the film. Speaking about the plot of the film, director Shetty stated that "eighty percent of the film is set during one night at a fictional place named Kondana in Bengaluru" and that "the events of that night, taking place in this mythical setting, promise answers to many questions." He added that the film had a [[Hyperlink cinema|hyperlink narrative]],<ref>{{cite web |title='Case of Kondana' sets a release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/02/case-of-kondanasets-a-release-date-2646868.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=17 May 2024 |date=2 January 2024 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117034647/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/jan/02/case-of-kondanasets-a-release-date-2646868.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and expanded on the plot saying that it comprised "four layers to the story". He added, "Vijay Raghavendra as the cop, Bhavana Menon as Assistant Commissioner of Police and Kushee Ravi as a doctor at a government hospital fuel the storyline."<ref name="toi1"/>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = ''Case of Kondana''
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Gagan Baderiya
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2024
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 04:55
| label = Anand Audio
| producer =
}}

Gagan Baderiya, who previously scored for ''[[Seetharam Benoy Case No. 18]]'' (2021), composed the film's background and scored for its soundtrack.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Neene Neene Ee Yedeyalli
| length1 = 1:35
| lyrics1 = Pramod Marvante
| extra1 = Ashok shetty, Madhuri Sheshadri
| title2 = Naa Geechida
| length2 = 3:20
| lyrics2 = Vishwajith Rao
| extra2 = Venkatesh D C
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 =
| total_length =
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film was released on 26 February 2024 in limited screens across Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devi Prasad Shetty's directorial 'Case of Kondana' to release on Jan 26 |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1154636 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328163059/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1154636 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Case of Kondana's Vijay Raghavendra says that he still doesn't have the luxury to be picky about roles |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/case-of-kondanas-vijay-raghavendra-says-that-he-still-doesnt-have-the-luxury-to-be-picky-about-roles/bbd2c8143c290 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328163059/https://www.ottplay.com/news/case-of-kondanas-vijay-raghavendra-says-that-he-still-doesnt-have-the-luxury-to-be-picky-about-roles/bbd2c8143c290 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had a slow start at the box office and had a decent run but could not make a mark.

=== Home media ===
The film made its digital debut on 28 March 2024 on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in [[Kannada]] and [[Malayalam]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Case of Kondana streaming date - Vijay Raghavendra and Bhavana's crime thriller streaming now |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/case-of-kondana-streaming-date-vijay-raghavendra-and-bhavanas-crime-thriller-streaming-now/88cb56369e357 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328163101/https://www.ottplay.com/news/case-of-kondana-streaming-date-vijay-raghavendra-and-bhavanas-crime-thriller-streaming-now/88cb56369e357 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film opened to positive reviews with praise towards direction, music, and cinematography. A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 {{Fraction|1|2}} and wrote that "''Case of Kondana'' is a finely crafted suspense thriller, executed to near perfection. The movie sure has its flaws, but this multi-dimensional story with interesting intercuts sure evokes intrigue".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/case-of-kondana/movie-review/107180890.cms|title=Case Of Kondana Movie Review : Case of Kondana: A gripping thriller|work=The Times of India|access-date=2024-02-09|archive-date=2024-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208085338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/case-of-kondana/movie-review/107180890.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "All in all, it is worth a watch for all audiences".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/case-of-kondana-movie-review-nail-biting-thriller/articleshow/107175195.cms|title=Case of Kondana Movie Review: Nail-biting thriller|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2024-02-09|archive-date=2024-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128073554/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/case-of-kondana-movie-review-nail-biting-thriller/articleshow/107175195.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "Devi Prasad Shetty excels in creating a gripping atmosphere, seamlessly intertwining multiple storylines within the plot contributing to the complexity of the case; Despite a few predictable moments, the overall strength of the film shines through in its robust performances".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jan/27/case-of-kondana-review-an-intriguing-crime-mystery-that-keeps-you-guessing|title='Case of Kondana' review: An intriguing crime mystery that keeps you guessing|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=27 January 2024|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=30 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130022927/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jan/27/case-of-kondana-review-an-intriguing-crime-mystery-that-keeps-you-guessing|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Times Now]]'' wrote that "Devi Prasad Shetty's direction is commendable, creating a visually engaging experience with crisp cinematography that captures the essence of Kondana".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/case-of-kondana-movie-review-a-riveting-tale-of-crime-love-and-intrigue-in-heart-of-mystery-review-107151466|title=Case Of Kondana Movie Review: A Riveting Tale of Crime, Love And Intrigue In Heart Of Mystery|date=26 January 2024|website=TimesNow|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=3 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203135124/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/case-of-kondana-movie-review-a-riveting-tale-of-crime-love-and-intrigue-in-heart-of-mystery-review-107151466|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "''Case of Kondana'' is intense and realistic and handles a thriller with aplomb. Watch it for a fresh experience".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/gripping-thriller-with-intense-performances-2866825|title=Case of Kondana review: Gripping thriller with intense performances|first=Sujay B.|last=M|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=2024-02-09|archive-date=2024-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204233133/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/gripping-thriller-with-intense-performances-2866825|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "''Case of Kondana'' may not become a classic, but you don’t mind as the pluses outweigh the minuses".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/case-of-kondana-movie-review-vijay-raghavendra-anchors-a-gripping-thriller/article67779013.ece|title='Case of Kondana' movie review: Vijay Raghavendra anchors a gripping thriller|first=Vivek|last=M.V|date=26 January 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=27 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127023412/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/case-of-kondana-movie-review-vijay-raghavendra-anchors-a-gripping-thriller/article67779013.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|30429449}}

[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
__FORCETOC__

Jail (2021 film)

2026-03-03T02:35:30Z

BridgetteBarthol: Started Some Info W/ Infobox

{{Short description|2021 Indian action crime film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Jail 2021 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Bakkiyam Shankar [[S. Ramakrishnan]]
| director = [[G. Vasanthabalan]]
| story = G. Vasanthabalan S. Ramakrishnan
| screenplay = G. Vasanthabalan
| producer = Sridharan Mariathasan
| starring = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] [[Abarnathi]]
| cinematography = Ganesh Chandhrra
| editing = Raymond Derrick Crasta
| music = G. V. Prakash Kumar
| studio = Krikes Cine Creations
| distributor = [[Studio Green]]
| runtime =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|12|09}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Jail''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action crime film]] written and directed by [[G. Vasanthabalan]]. The film is produced by Sridharan Mariathasan under the production banner of Krikes Cine Creations. The film stars [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], with debutante [[Abarnathi]]. Prakash Kumar also composed music for the film which was edited by Raymond Derrick Crasta. The film was released on 9 December 2021.

==Plot==
{{expand section|January 2026|date=January 2026}}
Three childhood friends get thrown out of their village under the guise of resettlement. In addition to adjusting to the new reality, they must fight for their rights and strive hard to make a living.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] as Karuna
* [[Abarnathi]] as Rosamalar
*[[Pasanga Pandi]] as Kalaiarasan "Kalai"
*Nandhan Ram as Rocky
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] as Paapamma, Karuna's mother
*[[Ravi Mariya]] as Perumal
*[[Aadukalam Naren]] as SP Mariadas
* Saranya Ravichandran as Rani
* [[Nanditha Jennifer|Jennifer]] as Mariapushpam
* KVN Manimegalai as Kalai's mother
*S. K. Jeeva as a police officer
*[[P. T. Selvakumar]] as Muthu, Kalai's uncle
*[[S. Sathyendra]] as Kaveri Nagar resident
*[[Poo Ramu]] as Vetrivel
}}

==Production==
In 2018, it was announced that G. V. Prakash would act under the direction of Vasanthabalan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2018 |title=Jail first look: GV Prakash Kumar is seen as a purposeful man in this Vasanthabalan directorial |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jail-first-look-gv-prakash-kumar-is-seen-as-a-purposeful-man-in-this-vasanthabalan-directorial-4883281.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215183744/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jail-first-look-gv-prakash-kumar-is-seen-as-a-purposeful-man-in-this-vasanthabalan-directorial-4883281.html |archive-date=15 December 2018 |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Prakash started his career as composer with Vasanthabalan's film ''[[Veyil (2006 film)|Veyil]]'' (2006). [[Abarnathi]], who rose to fame with the reality series ''[[Enga Veetu Mapillai]]'', made her cinematic debut as actress with this film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2018 |title=GV Prakash Kumar - Vasanthabalan film titled 'Jail'! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gv-prakash-kumar-vasanthabalan-film-titled-jail-news-tamil-sidk4Jhhcijjf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803082620/http://www.sify.com/movies/gv-prakash-kumar-vasanthabalan-film-titled-jail-news-tamil-sidk4Jhhcijjf.html |archive-date=3 August 2018 |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar. [[Dhanush]] and [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] sang one song for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2018 |title=Aditi Rao Hydari croons for GV Prakash |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/aditi-rao-hydari-croons-jail-movie-5483000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011233320/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/aditi-rao-hydari-croons-jail-movie-5483000/ |archive-date=11 October 2020 |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kaathodu Kaathanen
| lyrics1 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| extra1 = [[Dhanush]],
[[Aditi Rao Hydari]]
| length1 = 5:12
| title2 = Pathu Kaasu
| lyrics2 = [[Arivu]]
| extra2 = [[G.V. Prakash Kumar]]
| length2 = 2:30
| title3 = Mutta Porotta
| lyrics3 = Gana Guna and Santosh Hariharan
| extra3 = Gana Ganesan
| length3 = 02:14
| title4 = Missah Missessah
| lyrics4 = [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]]
| extra4 = Gana Balachander, Arivu and [[Isaivani]]
| length4 = 03:47
| title5 = Nagarodi
| lyrics5 = Arivu
| extra5 = G. V. Prakash Kumar, Arivu and [[Ananya Bhat]]
| length5 = 04:41
| title6 = Doomangoli
| lyrics6 = Bhakiyam Shankar
| extra6 = [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]
| length6 = 03:13
| title7 = Boomikku Nee Vandha
| lyrics7 = [[Snehan]]
| extra7 = Ravi G. and [[Saindhavi]]
| length7 = 03:25
| title8 = A Moment Of Trance
| lyrics8 =
| extra8 = G.V. Prakash Kumar
| length8 = 01:49
| title9 = Ecstatic Folk
| lyrics9 =
| extra9 = G.V. Prakash Kumar
| length9 = 01:02
| total_length = 27:51
}}

== Critical reception ==
M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' who gave 2.5 out of 5 stars after reviewing the film stated that "Rather than sending chills, the climax only evokes a cold indifference."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=8 December 2021 |title=Jail Movie Review : Jail is an underwhelming, in-your-face message movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jail/movie-review/88169767.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208181532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jail/movie-review/88169767.cms |archive-date=8 December 2021 |access-date=20 January 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Srivatsan S of ''[[The Hindu]]'' after reviewing the film stated that "In the opening credits, Vasanthabalan credits a few people for their conversations. What a wonderful gesture I thought. Perhaps there is a downside too; you shouldn’t always go by hearsay."<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=9 December 2021 |title='Jail' movie review: Dead on arrival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/jail-movie-review/article37912266.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120022756/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/jail-movie-review/article37912266.ece |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars stating that "The real jail, when you are exposed to such attempts at humour in a film that’s supposed to celebrate equality and empathy, is the movie theatre."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=9 December 2021 |title=Jail Movie Review: An exhausting experience |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2021/dec/09/jail-movie-review-an-exhausting-experience-28332.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314170338/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2021/dec/09/jail-movie-review-an-exhausting-experience-28332.html |archive-date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[Firstpost]]'' who gave 2.5 out of 5 stated after reviewing the film that "In its writing, we see the frameworks of a strong emotional drama. But it never rises above that."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=9 December 2021 |title=Jail movie review: GV Prakash film doesn't live up to its potential |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jail-movie-review-gv-prakash-film-doesnt-live-up-to-its-potential-10196771.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314170338/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jail-movie-review-gv-prakash-film-doesnt-live-up-to-its-potential-10196771.html |archive-date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Vasanthabalan}}

[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2021 crime films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vasanthabalan]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian crime films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bhavanarayana Temple, Bapatla

2026-02-28T05:09:40Z

BridgetteBarthol: adding new place!

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Bhavanarayana Temple
| image = Historical Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple at Bapatla.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|15.90588|80.46776|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
| locale = [[Bapatla]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Bhavanarayana
| festivals= Chariot Festival
| architecture = [[Southern Indian Hindu temple architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions = [[Telugu, Tamil, and Sanskrit]]
| established = 15th Century CE
| temple_board =
| website =
| nocat_wdimage = yes
}} {{Hinduism small}}
'''Bhavanarayana Temple''' is a temple in [[Bapatla]] of [[Bapatla district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The temple is dedicated to Lord Bhavanarayana and because of this temple the town of Bapatla got its name.<ref name="temple">{{cite web |title=Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple |url=http://guntur.nic.in/bapatla_temple.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602150101/http://guntur.nic.in/bapatla_temple.html |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=27 May 2017 |website=Guntur District Portal |language=en}}</ref> It is one of the centrally protected [[Monuments of National Importance|monuments of national importance]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Centrally Protected Monuments |url=http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/monuments.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626104454/http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/monuments.html |archive-date=26 June 2017 |access-date=27 May 2017 |website=[[Archeological Survey of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The temple was constructed by a Chozha king named Krimikantha Chozha and was later restored.<ref name="temple" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://guntur.nic.in/bapatla_temple.html}}

{{Vishnu temples}}
{{Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Andhra Pradesh]]

Ponglen Hanba

2026-02-26T22:25:29Z

BridgetteBarthol: new...

{{Short description|First historical king of Moirang and the introducer of the worship of Lord Thangjing}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ponglen Hanba
| title = Iwang Puriklai / Moirang Ningthou
| succession = [[List of rulers of Moirang|King of Moirang]]
| reign = 52 BC – 28 AD
| predecessor = [[Iwang Puriklai Sunacha]]
| successor = [[Iwang Puriklai Telheiba]]
| religion = [[Sanamahism]]
| house = [[Moirang dynasty]]
| occupation = FIrst historical ruler of the Moirang Kingdom
| spouse = Memtomnu of Khuman{{sfnp|Goshwami, History of the People of Manipur|p=181}} Nganba Thongraiba of Nganba{{sfnp|Moyon, The Lost Kingdom of Moyon (Bujuur)|2023|p=127}}
| full name = Iwang Puriklai Phang Phang Ponglen Hanba
| reign-type = [[Monarch]]
}}

'''Iwang Puriklai Phang Phang Ponglen Hanba''', shortly known as '''Phang Phang Ponglen Hanba''' ({{Langx|mni|ꯐꯪ ꯐꯪ ꯄꯣꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯟꯕꯥ}}) was an early king of the [[Moirang kingdom|Moirang Kingdom]], an ancient kingdom of [[Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]). He ruled from 52 BC to 28 AD.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Moirang Ningthourol Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 6 |url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Moirang_Ningthourol_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_6 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

He is traditionally recognized as the first human king of Moirang.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=E. Ishwarjit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ |title=Manipur, a Tourist Paradise |date=2005 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7646-506-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=E. Ishwarjit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ |title=Manipur, a Tourist Paradise |date=2005 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7646-506-9 |pages=102 |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfnp|Lisam|2011|p=678}}{{Sfnp|Goshwami, History of the People of Manipur||p=179}} His reign is widely regarded as the beginning of Moirang's chronological royal history.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=History of Moirang Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 5 |url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.History_of_Moirang_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_5 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=manipur channel >>Moirang Kangleirol ~ E-Pao! News About Manipur |url=https://e-pao.net/epPrinter.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Lai_Haraoba_Moirang_Haraoba_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_13 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>{{Sfnp|Goshwami, History of the People of Manipur||p=181}}

== Historical context ==
According to the royal chronicle known as the ''[[Moirang Ningthourol Lambuba]]'', seven rulers are listed before Phang Phang Ponglen Hanba, though their reigns are undated and regarded as mythological or semi-legendary in nature.<ref name=":1" />{{Sfnp|Moyon, The Lost Kingdom of Moyons (Bujuur)|2023|p=126}} The accession of Ponglen Hanba in 52 BC is generally accepted by scholars as marking the commencement of Moirang's recorded dynastic chronology.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />{{Sfnp|Goshwami, History of the People of Manipur||p=181}}

== Worship of Lord Thangjing ==
An odd thing happened during his rule. The young girls and boys did not grin. The kids didn't cry. The cocks did not crow, and the dogs did not bark. Thangyai Leihoubi, the King's daughter, asked about this strange occurrence. Following a divination, the priest Thingkol Miribacha disclosed that the King had neglected to carry out the ceremonies and offerings to [[Thangching|Ibudhou Thangjing]]. Normalcy was restored as soon as the rites were carried out in accordance with Ibudhou Thangjing's instructions.{{Sfnp|Lisam|2011|p=678}}

Ibudhou Thangjing was to be worshipped by the fifteen thoyas (Leikais). However, only eight Leikais were requested to gather in front of Moirang Kangla Utra. The Moirang Thangjing Lai Haraoba was thus started.{{Sfnp|Lisam|2011|p=677-678}}<ref name=":0" /> Ngangkha, Khoyol, Nganglou, Khambi, Higa, Okchin, Chenglei, and Yaoshu were the eight leikais. Khori, Ngangkha, Nongkhrangpokpi, Aaun, Okchil, Higa, Chenglei, and Yaos were the nine markets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eight Leikais And Nine Market Places Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 7 |url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Eight_Leikais_And_Nine_Market_Places_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_7 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Reign ==
Ponglen Hanba's reign is noted for several foundational reforms and cultural developments in the Moirang polity:

* He institutionalized the tradition of royal coronation ceremonies held at [[Keke Kangla]], the sacred capital and spiritual seat of Moirang.<ref name=":0" />{{Sfnp|Moyon, The Lost Kingdom of Moyons (Bujuur)|2023|p=127-128}}
* He introduced the practice of a symbolic ritual known as the "coronation war", conducted near the [[Loktak Lake]], meant to assert territorial dominion and divine legitimacy.<ref name=":0" />{{Sfnp|Moyon, The Lost Kingdom of Moyons (Bujuur)|2023|p=128}}
* A monumental seven-tiered palace was constructed under his reign at Keke Kangla, which served as both a royal residence and a center for administrative and ritual affairs.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Salwons And Langwons Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 9 |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Salwons_And_Langwons_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_9 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
* He introduced a system of territorial administration by dividing the kingdom into eight leikais (wards), each containing nine market zones, indicating a sophisticated model of governance.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

* [[Moirang Shayon]]
* [[Codrus]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Meitei royalty]]
[[Category:Keke Moirang]]

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book |last=Lisam |first=Khoidom Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C |title=Encyclopaedia of Manipur (3 Vol.) |date=2011 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=9788178358642 |ref={{SfnRef|Lisam, Encyclopaedia of Manipur|2011}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Goshwami |first=Hareshwar |url=https://archive.org/details/hareshwar-goshwami-history-of-the-people-of-manipur |title=History of the People of Manipur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Moyon |first=Rev Dr Koningthung Ngoru |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn3jEAAAQBAJ |title=The Lost Kingdom of Moyon (Bujuur): Iruwng (King) Kuurkam Ngoruw Moyon & The People of Manipur |date=2023 |publisher=Shashwat Publication |isbn=9788119517312 |ref={{SfnRef|Moyon, The Lost Kingdom of Moyons (Bujuur)|2023}}}}

{{Authority control}}

Maharaja Agrasen Hospital (Bengaluru)

2026-02-21T22:17:14Z

BridgetteBarthol:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}{{short description|Medical college in Karnataka, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2017}}

'''Maharaja Agrasen Hospital''' in [[Bangalore]], [[India]], situated in 15 Main, 17 Cross, [[Padmanabhanagar]], South Bangalore, Karnataka<ref>{{cite web |last1=NHP |first1=National Health portal |title=Maharaja Agrasen Hospital |url=https://www.nhp.gov.in/hospital/maharaja-agrasen-hospital-bangalore-karnataka}}</ref> – 560070, near Shanimahathma Temple
It is a multi-speciality hospital built in the year 2001
The hospital is also listed under Practo.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MAH |first1=Maharaja Agrasen Hospital |title=Practo Listed |url=https://www.practo.com/bangalore/hospital/maharaja-agrasen-hospital-padmanabhanagar |website=Practo}}</ref>

==History==
Maharaja Agrasen Hospital has been so named because Maharaja [[Agrasen]] was a noble king of [[Agroha Mound|Agroha]] ([[Haryana]]) in whose heart, the welfare of his subject was the super most. In his kingdom, education and medical facilities were free to everyone irrespective of caste, religion, race and sex etc.

{{Infobox fictional organisation
| year_start = 2001
| year_end =
| name = Maharaja Agrasen Hospital (MAH)
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| universe = 
| type =
| first =
| defunct =
| address = Agrawal Seva Samiti, 15th Main Road, 17th Cross, Banashankari 2'nd Stage, Behind Kidney Foundation, Padmanabhanagar
| location = Bangalore, Karnataka
| owner = 
| leader =
| key_people =
| employees =
| purpose =
| motto = 
| technologies =
| powers =
| affiliations =
| subsid =
| enemies =
| website = https://agrasenhospital.com/
| footnotes =
| other_label1 =
| other1 =
| other_label2 =
| other2 =
| other_label3 =
| other3 =
}}

==Services==
The hospital provides numerous health services<ref>{{cite web |last1=MAH |first1=Maharaja Agrasen Hospital |title=services |url=https://agrasenhospital.com/health-services/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922022738/http://agrasenhospital.com/health-services/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> starting from Extensor Tendon Repair, endoscopy to fissurectomy, biopsy, X- Ray, Anthroscopy, Diabetes Management etc. Also Open and Laproscopic [[Hernia repair|Hernia]] surgery is conducted here. Hospital Services<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharaja Agrasen Hospital Services|url=https://www.justdial.com/Bangalore/Maharaja-Agrasen-Hospital-Behind-Kidney-Foundation-Padmanabhanagar/080P5162198_BZDET|website=JustDial}}</ref> are listed here :

* Heart Conditions
* Gastroenterologist
* Chest Pain Treatment
* Urology
* Cardiology
* Diabetology
* Consultation
* Child Specialist
* Grommet Insertion
* General Pediatrics
* Clinical Cardiology
* General dermatology
* Preventive Medicine
* Bone Tumor Treatment
* Ent Checkup (General)
* Paediatric Healthcare
* Uncontrolled Diabetes
* Viral Fever Treatment
* Dengue Fever Treatment
* Skin Disease Treatment
* Treatment For Bone Fracture
* Treatment For Diabetes Management
* Treatment For Obstetrics Problems
* Treatment For Diseases in Pregnancy

The hospital is aiming at opening new departments like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) and Oncology Healthcare Unit.

==Facilities==
The hospital has a [[Kidney dialysis|dialysis]] facility.

In December 2005, the hospital offered a free diabetes camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/04/stories/2005120418380300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061221090534/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/04/stories/2005120418380300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2006|title= Karnataka – Bangalore – Around the City – Free diabetes camp |date= 4 December 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2008-09-30}}</ref>

The below list of facilities are available here.

* [[Electroencephalography|EEG]]
* TMT
* [[X-ray]]
* [[CT scan|CT Scan]]
* ECG
* PFT
* ECHO
* [[Mammography|Mammogram]]
* Color Doppler
* Ultrasound
* Endoscopy

==Rates==

Rates for Hospital Wards<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharaja Agrasen Hospital in Bangalore|url=https://www.medifee.com/hospital/3188-maharaja-agrasen-hospital/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=medifee.com}}</ref> at Maharaja Agrasen Hospital varies from approximately Rs 1150/- to Rs 5000/- varying from General Ward, Semi-Private Ward (Twin sharing), Private Ward (both Non-AC & Deluxe Room) to Suite Room. The Hospital conducts several tests and rates are approximately :
{| class="wikitable"
|Blood Sugar Test
|Rs. 60.00
|-
|Blood Group Test
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|Liver Function Test (LFT)
|Rs. 450.00
|-
|Thyroid Test
|Rs. 350.00
|-
|Urine Routine
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|Stool Routine
|Rs. 150.00
|-
|HIV Test
|Rs. 250.00
|-
|ICU
|Rs. 5000.00 (Bed Charges, Nursing)
|-
|ICU
|Rs. 10000.00 (Approx. One Day Expense, For Ventilator Patient)
|-
|Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
|Rs. 200.00
|-
|HbA1C Test
|Rs. 400.00
|-
|FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) Test
|Rs. 300.00
|-
|Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Test
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|Calcium Test
|Rs. 70.00
|-
|Chloride Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Prolactin Test
|Rs. 300.00
|-
|TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Test
|Rs. 250.00
|-
|T3 (Triiodothyronine) Test
|Rs. 250.00
|-
|T4 (Thyroxine) Test
|Rs. 250.00
|-
|LDL Cholesterol
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Phosphorus Test
|Rs. 125.00
|-
|Potassium Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|SGOT Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|SGPT Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Sodium Test
|Rs. 150.00
|-
|Cholesterol Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Creatinine Test
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|Triglycerides Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|VLDL Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|VDRL Test
|Rs. 60.00
|-
|CBC / Hemogram Test
|Rs. 125.00
|-
|Platelet Count
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Bleeding / Clotting Time Test
|Rs. 30.00
|-
|Total Protein Test
|Rs. 60.00
|-
|Uric Acid Test
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|Widal Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Blood Urea Nitrogen Test
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|HBsAg Test
|Rs. 150.00
|-
|Urea Test
|Rs. 75.00
|-
|Pregnancy Test
|Rs. 100.00
|-
|Electrolytes Test
|Rs. 300.00
|-
|PCV (Packed Cell Volume) Test
|Rs. 125.00
|-
|Hemoglobin (Hb) Test
|Rs. 75.00
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official|www.agrasenhospital.com}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Memorials to Agrasen]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 2001]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Karnataka]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}

Mainpuri Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-04T15:30:40Z

BridgetteBarthol:

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Mainpuri {{Small|UP-21}}
| established = 1952
|electors = 17,90,709<ref>{{Cite web| title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141320/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=2024-05-25}}</ref>
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Dimple Yadav.jpg
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| mp = [[Dimple Yadav]]
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Mainpuri.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Mainpuri Lok Sabha constituency
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|alliance =[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Mainpuri Assembly constituency|Mainpuri]] [[Bhongaon Assembly constituency|Bhongaon]] [[Kishni Assembly constituency|Kishni]] [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]] [[Jaswantnagar Assembly constituency|Jaswantnagar]]
}}

'''Mainpuri Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|mɛːn̪.pʊɾiː}}) is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Assembly segments==
Mainpuri constituency comprises five [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/021_PC_Statistics_English.aspx|title=Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-21-Mainpuri|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
!colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|107
|[[Mainpuri Assembly constituency|Mainpuri]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
|[[Jaiveer Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| 108
|[[Bhongaon Assembly constituency|Bhongaon]]
|[[Ram Naresh Agnihotri]]
|-
|109
|[[Kishni Assembly constituency|Kishni]] (SC)
|[[Brajesh Katheriya]]
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|110
|[[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]
|[[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]
|-
|199
|[[Jaswantnagar Assembly constituency|Jaswantnagar]]
|[[Etawah district|Etawah]]
|[[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
|-
|}

In Mainpuri, 45% of the 1.73 million voters are [[Yadav]]s. The other dominant castes are [[Shakya (surname)|Shakya]], [[Brahmin|Brahmins]], [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] and [[Muslim]]s.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mulayam-trying-hard-to-recapture-west-up/article1-1255487.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824043059/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mulayam-trying-hard-to-recapture-west-up/article1-1255487.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 August 2014 |title = Mulayam trying hard to recapture west UP|date = 23 August 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

== Members of Parliament ==
{{Pie chart
| caption = [[Samajwadi Party]] is the most successful political party in [[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri]] Lok Sabha elections.
| value1 = 52.38
| label1 = [[Samajwadi Party|'''SP''']] (11 terms)
| color1 = {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
| value2 = 23.81
| label2 = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''']] (5 terms)
| color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| value3 = 9.52
| label3 = [[Janata Party|'''JP''']] (2 terms)
| color3 = blue
| value4 = 4.76
| label4 = [[Janata Party (Secular)|'''JP(S)''']] (1 term)
| color4 = #0ef4e1
| value5 = 4.76
| label5 = [[Janata Dal|'''JD''']] (1 term)
| color5 = #00FF00
| value6 = 4.76
| label6 = [[Praja Socialist Party|'''PSP''']] (1 term)
| color6 = #006400
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Badshah Gupta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Bansi Das Dhangar
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Badshah Gupta]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ch Maharaj Singh]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1977|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Raghunath Singh Verma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
|[[Balram Singh Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Uday Pratap Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=11}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Balram Singh Yadav]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|-
|2004^
|[[Dharmendra Yadav]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2014|2014]]
|-
|[[2014 elections in India#Parliamentary By-election|2014^]]
|[[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2019|2019]]
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|-
|2022^
|rowspan=2|[[Dimple Yadav]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

^ By-poll

==Election results==

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 elections in India|2024 Indian General Elections]]: [[Mainpuri]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Dimple Yadav]]|votes=5,98,526|percentage=56.79|change={{decrease}}7.29}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Jaiveer Singh]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=3,76,887|percentage=35.76|change={{increase}}1.58}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Shiv Prasad Yadav|votes=66,814|percentage=6.34|change={{up}}6.34}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=4570|percentage=0.43|change={{decrease}}0.21}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,21,639|percentage=21.03|change={{down}}8.87}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 10,54,011|percentage=58.86|change={{Increase}}3.74}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2022 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 elections in India|Bye Election, 2022]]: [[Mainpuri]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Dimple Yadav]]
|votes = 6,18,120
|percentage = 64.08
|change = {{increase}}10.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Raghuraj Singh Shakya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 3,29,659
|percentage = 34.18
|change = {{decrease}}9.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,121
|percentage = 0.64
|change = {{decrease}}0.05
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,88,461
|percentage = 29.90
|change = +20.24
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,64,842
|percentage = 55.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing = +10.33
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
 <section begin="General Election 2019"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results">{{cite web |title=Election Results - Full Statistical Reports STATISTICAL REPORTS OF GENERAL ELECTION TO LOKSABHA |url=https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|votes = 5,24,926
|percentage = 53.75
|change = -10.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prem Singh Shakya
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 4,30,537
|percentage = 44.09
|change = +11.30
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Savendra Singh
|votes = 2,631
|percentage = 0.27
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,711
|percentage = 0.69
|change = +0.03
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 94,389
|percentage = 9.66
|change = -22.01
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,78,261
|percentage = 56.77
|change = -4.55
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing = -10.71
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2019" />

===By election 2014===
 <section begin="By Election 2019"/>
{{Election box begin | title=By Elections, 2014: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results" /> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=6,53,786|percentage=64.46|change=+5.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Prem Singh Shakya|votes=3,32,537|percentage=32.79|change=+9.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=A. K. Shakya|party=Rashtriya Samanta Dal|votes=5,587|percentage=0.55|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kunj Bihari|party=Independent (politician)|votes=4,394|percentage=0.44|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Muttalib gour|votes=2,524|percentage=0.25|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=6,636|percentage=0.66|change=+0.03}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,21,249|percentage=31.67|change=-4.83}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,14,232|percentage=61.33|change=+0.87}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing = +5.25
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="By Election 2019" />

=== 2014 ===
 <section begin="General Election 2014"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results" /> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|votes = 5,95,918
|percentage = 59.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shatrughan Singh Chauhan
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 2,31,252
|percentage = 23.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sanghmitra Maurya|Dr. Sanghmitra Maurya]]
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,42,833
|percentage = 14.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Alok Nandan
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 5,645
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Baba Hardev Singh
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 5,323
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 6,323
|percentage = 0.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,64,666
|percentage = 36.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,99,427
|percentage = 60.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2014" />

=== 2009 ===
 <section begin="General Election 2009"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results" /> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|votes = 3,92,308
|percentage = 56.44
|change = −7.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vinay Shakya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2,19,239
|percentage = 31.54
|change = +14.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Tripti Shakya
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 56,265
|percentage = 8.10
|change = –7.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sachchida Nand
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 7,756
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hakim Singh Yadav
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 4,168
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,73,069
|percentage = 24.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,95,032
|percentage = 49.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2009" />

===By election 2004===
 <section begin="By Election 2004"/>
{{Election box begin | title=By Elections, 2004: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results" /> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Dharmendra Yadav]]
|votes = 3,48,999
|percentage = 62.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ashok Shakya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,69,286
|percentage = 30.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ram Babu Kushwaha
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 14,544
|percentage = 2.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Suman Chauhan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 11,391
|percentage = 2.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Surendra Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,746
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,79,713
|percentage = 32.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,57,114
|percentage = 45.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="By Election 2004" />

===Lok Sabha election 2004===
 <section begin="General Election 2004"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results" /> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|votes = 4,60,470
|percentage = 63.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ashok Shakya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,22,600
|percentage = 17.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Balram Singh Yadav]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,11,153
|percentage = 15.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Thakur Rajendra Singh Jadon
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 9,896
|percentage = 1.37
|change = -7.86
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,37,870
|percentage = 46.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,19,918
|percentage = 59.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2004" />

===Lok Sabha election 1996===
 <section begin="General Election 1996"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Mainpuri]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results" /> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|votes = 2,73,303
|percentage = 42.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Updesh Singh Chauhan
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 2,21,345
|percentage = 34.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhagwat Das Shakya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,02,785
|percentage = 16.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kishan Chand
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 14,993
|percentage = 2.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shiv Raj
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,509
|percentage = 0.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 51,958
|percentage = 8.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,39,072
|percentage = 58.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 1996" />

==See also==
* [[Mainpuri district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Agra Division topics}}

{{Coord|27.22|79.03|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mainpuri district]]

Lankeshwar Temple

2026-01-30T17:21:48Z

BridgetteBarthol: minor improved layout based on references and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Lankeshwar Temple|image= Lankeshwar Temple, Guwahati.jpg|deity=[[Shiva]]|caption=Lankeshwar Temple|location=[[Guwahati]]|state=[[Assam]]}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Lankeshwar Temple''' ({{Langx|as|লংকেশ্বৰ দেৱালয়}}) is an ancient temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] on top of a hill in the western part of [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India, near the campus of [[Gauhati University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 must-visit temples in Guwahati for a divine experience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/5-must-visit-temples-in-guwahati-for-a-divine-experience/photostory/81273564.cms |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Times of India Travel}}</ref> Lankeshwar is one of the many forms of Lord Shiva.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} The followers of Lord Shiva considered the temple as one of the most sacred one. Devotees all around the year visit this temple and seek divine blessings.

The Lankeshwar Temple in Guwahati is not only popular with religiously inclined people but with the general tourists also.

Guwahati City Bus Number 6 provides with direct public transportation.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Lankeshwar Temple Shiva Linga.jpg
File:Lankeshwar staircase.jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindu Temples in Assam}}

{{coord|26.14440|91.64752|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Assam]]

{{india-hindu-temple-stub}}

Andhra Mahabharatam

2026-01-23T19:41:30Z

BridgetteBarthol: added structure for clarity and corrected details after review

{{short description|Ancient Telugu epic}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Copy edit|date=September 2025}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox religious text
|name =''Andhra Mahabharathamu'' ఆంధ్ర మహాభారతము
| image = Bazaar art print of Bhavadgita, c. mid-1900's.jpg
| caption = Scene of the [[Bhishma Parva]]m of [[Krishna]] telling the [[Bhagavad Gita]] to [[Arjuna]]
| author = [[Nannayya]] [[Tikkana|Thikkana]] [[Yerrapragada|Yerrana]]
| religion = Hinduism
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| verses =21,507 Poems
|chapters=18 Parvas
}}

The '''''Āndhrā Mahābhārathamu''''' ({{langx|te|ఆంధ్ర మహాభారతము}}) is the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version of the ''[[Mahabharata]],'' written by the [[Kavitrayam]] (trinity of poets), consisting of [[Nannayya]], [[Tikkana|Thikkana]], and [[Yerrapragada]] (also known as Errana). The three poets translated the ''Mahabharata'' from [[Sanskrit]] into Telugu over the period of the 11–14th centuries CE, and became idols for all the following poets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telugubasha.net/en/literatture-telugu |title=Telugu Literature | Telugu Basha |accessdate=2014-03-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328010809/https://telugubasha.net/en/literatture-telugu |archivedate=2014-03-28 }}</ref> Rather than being a stanza-by-stanza translation, the Āndhrā Mahābhārathamu is a Telugu rendering that preserves the Mahabharata's core narrative. Thus, this translation is not a stanza by stanza translation. These three poets wrote Andhra Mahabharatham in the Telugu literature style, but kept the same essence as the Sanskrit Mahabharatham.

[[File:Nannaya Telugu Poet (Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 741696 - Adikavi Nannaya Telugu Poet (cropped).jpeg|thumb|AdiKavi Nannaya]]
[[File:Thikkana somayaji.jpg|thumb|Thikkana Somayaji]]
[[File:Errapragada painting .jpg|thumb|Erranna]]

== Adikavyam in Telugu ==

There are doubts about whether Mahabharata is the first work of poetry started by [[Nannaya]] in Telugu. Literary historians are of the opinion that all the mature poetry does not emerge at once, so there must have been some poems before that. However, no other writings have been found, except for references to songs and poems (Nannechodudu) and some verses found in inscriptions. So, Nannaya was adored by the world of Telugu literature as the original poet. Prajnannaya Yugam Dwadasi Nageswara Sastry writes this in concluding the chapter<ref name="dvana">''History of Telugu literature'' - Author: Dwa.Na. Shastri - Publication : Pratibha Publications, Hyderabad (2004)</ref> - "On the whole Telugu language literature existed before Nannaya. Oral literature was more prevalent. Edictal poetry was in use. Telugu language was good in public affairs. But scriptural language could not have been created. Conditions were suitable for such creation. No. It could be the reason for that is the familiarity with Sanskrit Prakrits.
[[File:Rajaraja Narendrudu statue.jpg|thumb|Raja Raja Narendra (1019–1061 CE) who asked Nannaya to write the Mahabharatam in Telugu]]

==Kavithrayam at work==
[[Nannaya]] wrote Adi Parvam, Sabaparvam, and a part of Aranyaparvam between 1054 and 1061 CE, when he died. Later, in the 13th century, [[Tikkana]] left the remainder of Aranyaparvam and wrote 15 parvams from Virata Parvam to [[Svargarohana Parva]]m. After that in the 14th century, [[Errana]] Aranyaparva completed the remainder. Thus, these three poets of that age are worshiped by the Telugu poets as [[kavitrayam]]. This way, Telugu people are fortunate to be able to read Andhra Mahabharatham, written by three poets over a period of two and a half centuries, as a single book, as if a single mahakavi has written it at a time. The Sanskrit Mahabharatha is famous for being a book of 100 parvas and having a breadth of 100,000 verses. Parvanukramanika, told by Nannaya in Adi Parvam, is also close to this point. There are hundreds of main parvas and subparvas together. In it, [[Harivamsa|Harivamsa Parvam]] is included in Bhavishya Parvam. Together, these two are considered an independent text, called Khilavansa Purana. Nannaya does not include the Harivamsa in his genealogy. He arranges one hundred parvas in his Ashtadasa Parva Vibhaktam. The Upaparva section is not followed in Telugu. The Tikkanadus followed Nannaya's decision. [[Errana]] wrote the Harivamsa as a separate treatise. In this way, the Sanskrit Mahabharata of 100 subparvals was transformed into the Andhra Mahabharata of eighteen parvas in Telugu. It is divided into Asvasas in Telugu. The division can be seen in the following table.<ref>G.V. Published in 15 volumes as Kavitrayam Mahabharatam project - edited by Subrahmanyam. - 2008 Publication</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Parvam
! Number of subparvas
! Number of Shlokas in Sanskrit Mahabharatham
! Number of Asvasas in Andhra Mahabharatham
! Verse Prose no
|-
| 1. [[Adi Parva]]m
| 18
| 9,984
| 8
| 2,084
|-
| 2. [[Sabha Parva]]m
| 9
| 4,311
| 2
| 618
|-
| 3. [[Aranya Parva]]m
| 16
| 13,664
| 7
| 2,894
|-
| 4. [[Virata Parva]]m
| 4
| 3,500
| 5
| 1,624
|-
| 5. [[Udyoga Parva]]m
| 11
| 6,998
| 4
| 1,562
|-
| 6. [[Bhishma Parva]]m
| 5
| 5,884
| 3
| 1,171
|-
| 7. [[Drona Parva]]m
| 8
| 10,919
| 5
| 1,860
|-
| 8. [[Karna Parva]]m
| 1
| 4,900
| 3
| 1,124
|-
| 9. [[Shalya Parva|Salya Parvam]]
| 4
| 3,220
| 2
| 827
|-
| 10. [[Sauptika Parva]]m
| 3
| 2,874
| 2
| 376
|-
| 11. [[Stri Parva]]m
| 5
| 1,775
| 2
| 376
|-
| 12.[[Shanti Parva]]m
| 4
| 14,525
| 6
| 3,093
|-
| 13. [[Anushasana Parva|Anushasanika Parvam]]
| 2
| 12,000
| 5
| 2,148
|-
| 14. [[Ashvamedhika Parva|Ashwamedha Parvam]]
| 2
| 4,420
| 4
| 976
|-
| 15. [[Ashramavasika Parva|Ashramavasa Parvam]]
| 3
| 1,106
| 2
| 362
|-
| 16. [[Mausala Parva]]m
| 1
| 300
| 1
| 226
|-
| 17.[[Mahaprasthanika Parva]]m
| 1
| 120
| 1
| 79
|-
| 18. [[Svargarohana Parva]]m
| 1
| 200
| 1
| 97
|-
| 19. [[Harivaṃśa|Bhavishya Parvam]]
| 2
| (Omitted)
| --
| --
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''100'''
| '''1,00,500'''
| '''63'''
| '''21,507'''
|-

|}

== Nannaya — the Adi Kavi (the first poet) ==
[[File:Nannaya Painting.jpg|thumb|Raja Rajanarendra commissioning Nannaya Battaraka to render Mahabharatha into Telugu.]]
Nannayabhatta (1022–1063 CE – also referred to as Nannaya), started to translate the Sanskrit Mahabharata into Telugu at the request of the East Chalukya king [[Rajaraja Narendra]]. This marks the beginning of Telugu literature, which has yet been uncovered. This work has been interpreted in the Champu style and emotes simplicity and polishing of such high literary excellence that several scholars do not dismiss the possibility of the existence of literary works in Telugu during the pre-Nannaya period.

==Tikkana==
Tikkana (or Tikkana Somayaji) (1205–1288) was a 13th-century [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet and minister of the [[Nellore Chodas|Nellore Chola]] ruler Manumasiddhi II. Born into a Telugu-speaking [[Niyogi Brahmin]] family, he was the second poet of the "Trinity of Poets ([[Kavi Trayam]])" that translated ''[[Mahabharata]]'' into Telugu. [[Nannaya Bhattaraka]], the first, translated two and a half chapters of ''Mahabharata''. Tikkana translated the final 15 chapters, but did not undertake translating the half-finished ''Aranya Parvamu''. The Telugu people remained without this last translation for more than a century, until it was translated by [[Errana]].

==Yerrana==
Yarrapragada Erranna was a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] poet in the court of King [[Reddi Kingdom|Prolaya Vema Reddy]] (1325–1353). The surname of Erranna was Yerrapragada or Yerrana, which are epithets of the fair-skinned [[Murugan|Skanda]] in the [[Telugu language]], but became attached to his paternal family due it having notable members with fair or red-skinned complexions. He was honoured with the titles ''Prabandha-paramēśvara'' ("Master of historical anecdotes") and ''Śambhudāsuḍu'' ("Servant of Lord Śiva").<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in/Books/10/Telugu/Poetry/2%20VaishnavaYaagam.pdf |title=Vaishanava yugamu |access-date=17 August 2022 |archive-date=4 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304030316/http://www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in/Books/10/Telugu/Poetry/2%20VaishnavaYaagam.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The [[Sanskrit]] [[Mahabharata]] was translated into Telugu over a period of several centuries (from the 11th to 14th centuries CE). Erranna was one of the ''[[kavitrayam]]'' ("Trinity of Poets") who translated the [[Mahabharatam]] from Sanskrit into Telugu. The other two poets were [[Nannaya]] and [[Tikkana]] of the ''Andhra Mahabharatam'' ("Andhra Mahabharat"). Tikkana translated the remaining books starting from the 4th, leaving the third book titled, the ''Aranya Parvamu'' ("Book of the Forest"), half-finished, for Erranna to complete. [[Tikkana]] did not touch this part because it was considered to be inauspicious to translate this book, which was left half-finished by [[Nannaya]]. Erranna started the remaining half of the ''Aranya Parvamu'' with the style of Nannaya and ended it with the style of Tikkana, as a bridge between the parts translated by Nannaya and Tikkana. Just like Nannaya and Tikkanna, he used half [[Sanskrit]] and half [[Telugu language|Telugu]] in his Telugu translation of the Sanskrit Mahabharata. He translated the ''Harivamsamu''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Errapragada |title=Harivamsamu |date=1926 |publisher=Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.333032/mode/2up |access-date=16 June 2020 |language=te}}</ref> and ''Ramayanamu'' from Sanskrit, dedicating both works to the founder of the Reddy Dynasty, King Prolaya Vemareddy.

''Nrusimhapuranamu'' was his own independent work.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Errapragada |title=Nrisimhapuranamu |date=1960 |publisher=Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.329346/mode/2up |access-date=16 June 2020 |language=te}}</ref> Erranna received his inspiration for the Nrusimhapuranam from his grandfather Errapotanna. According to tradition, one day when Erranna was meditating, his grandfather appeared and advised him to write the ''Narisimhapuranamu''. This work was based on the ''Brahmandapuranamu'' and the ''Vishnupuranamu''.

According to the ''Viṣṇu Purāṇa'', King Hiraṇyakaśipu was the powerful demonic sovereign of the Earth millions of year ago at the beginning of the ''[[Yuga Cycle]]''. The subjects of the Earth were described as ''Manavas'' ("descendants of Manu"; "humans"). The subjects of King Indra were described as ''Devatas''. King Hiraṇyakaśipu fought a war with King [[Indra]] and, having emerged victorious, took over the heavenly planets. Under the rule of King Hiraṇyakaśipu, most of the Devatas either "converted to" or disguised themselves as Manavas for the fear of King Hiraṇyakaśipu. Another contemporary of King Hiraṇyakaśipu was also gatekeeper of Śvetadvīpa, the Vaikuṇṭha planet in this universe, in a previous life, Śrī-hari who ruled in the ''[[Kshir Sagar|Kṣīra-sāgara]]'' (the "Sea of Milk").

==See also==
{{lang|te|[[:te:శ్రీ మదాంధ్ర మహాభారతం|ఆంధ్ర మహాభారతం]]}}

==External links==
* [https://andhrabharati.com/itihAsamulu/bhAratamu/index.html ''Srimadandhra Mahabharatamu'']

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Works based on the Mahabharata |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Telugu-language literature]]
[[Category:Works based on the Mahabharata]]

List of Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda people

2026-01-23T01:46:38Z

BridgetteBarthol: updated page

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
This is a list of alumni and faculty at the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]].

==Alumni==

=== Arts ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!Notability
!References
|-
|Robert mongare

|1993
|MFA
|Artist
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://naturemorte.com/artists/anitadube/|title=robertwebsite=naturemorte.com|accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dadasaheb Phalke]]
|
|
|Film director, producer, and screenwriter. Father of Indian Cinema.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.nic.in/PhalkeAward.aspx|title=Dada Saheb Phalke Award Overview|website=dff.nic.in|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dhruva Mistry]]
|
|
|Sculptor
|
|-
|[[Elisha Kriis]]
|
|BBA
|Actress
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartindianwomen.com/an-interview-with-elisha-founder-of-tigress-picturess/|title=An interview with Elisha, founder of "Tigress Picturess"|website=smartindianwomen.com|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gulam Mohammed Sheikh]]
|
|
|painter and writer.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artintaglio.in/ArtistProfile.jsp?ArtistId=185|title=Gulam Mohammed Sheikh|website=artintaglio.in|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Haku Shah]]
|
|
|Indian painter
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/tribal-art/article2238848.ece|title=Tribal art, Haku Shah's exhibition of photographs|work=The Hindu|date=10 January 2007|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jay Oza|Jay Pinak Oza]]
|
|BFA (Art History
& Aesthetics)
|Indian cinematographer
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Jahnavi |date=2021-06-08 |title=#HGAcademy: Recommendations To Help You Create Quality Visuals By Renowned Cinematographer Jay Oza |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-creators/hgacademy-learn-the-dynamics-of-fimmaking-with-renowned-cinematographer-jay-oza |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jayant Parikh]]
|1959; 1961
|BA in Fine Art; MA
|Indian painter, printmaker and mural artist
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/where-the-light-gets-in-2/|title=Jayant's name and photo displayed as fine art student of MSU by Vandana Kalra in|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 November 2016|accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jyoti Bhatt]]
|
|
|Indian painter, photographer
|
|-
|[[Jyotsna Bhatt]]
|1958
|
|Indian ceramist and potter
|
|-
|[[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Mukherjee]]
|
|
|singer
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/music/whenever-i-visit-bangladesh-i-dont-feel-leaving-mitali-mukherjee-164323|title=Whenever I visit Bangladesh, I don't feel like leaving – Mitali Mukherjee|work=The Daily Star|date=30 October 2015|accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mrinalini Mukherjee]]
|
|
|sculptor and textile artist
|
|-
|[[N. N. Rimzon]]
|
|
|artist
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://talwargallery.com/wp-content/themes/emptiness/rimzon-press/rimzon2016mint.pdf|title=The Modernist Sprawl. N. N. Rimzon|last=Ghoshal|first=Somak|date=6 February 2016|website=[[Talwar Gallery]]|publisher=Live Mint|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017123640/https://talwargallery.com/wp-content/themes/emptiness/rimzon-press/rimzon2016mint.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2018|accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nilima Sheikh]]
|
|
|artist
|
|-
|[[Ratan Parimoo]]
|
|
|Painter and art historian
|
|-
|[[Surendran Nair]]
|
|
|artist
|
|-
|[[Tanvi Vyas]]
|
|
|actress and model
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2008/04/11/vadodaras-tanvi-vyas-is-femina-miss-india-earth/|title=Vadodara's Tanvi Vyas is Femina Miss India Earth|website=deshgujarat.com|date=11 April 2008|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vivan Sundaram]]
|
|
|artist
|
|}

=== Social Sciences and Law ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Bela Trivedi]]
|
|
|Judge, [[Supreme Court of India]]
|-
|[[Akshay H. Mehta]]
|
|
|Former Judge of the [[Gujarat High Court]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gujarathighcourt.nic.in/formerjudge.asp?formerjudgeid=102&x=4&y=9|title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Akshay H. Mehta|website=archive.is|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140501145140/http://gujarathighcourt.nic.in/formerjudge.asp?formerjudgeid=102&x=4&y=9|archive-date=1 May 2014|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chimanbhai Patel]]
|
|
|Former [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] and Member of Parliament
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelallantop.com/tehkhana/chimanbhai-patel-the-gujarat-chief-minister-who-survived-every-political-battle/|title=Chimanbhai Patel The Gujarat Chief Minister who survived every political battle|website=thelallantop.com|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mohit Shantilal Shah]]
|1976
|LLB
|Former [[List of chief justices of the Bombay High Court|Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/bombay-high-court-chief-justice-mohit-shah-retires/|title=Bombay High Court Chief Justice Mohit Shah retires|website=livelaw.in|date=9 September 2015|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ranjitsinh Pratapsinh Gaekwad]]
|
|
|Former [[Maharaja of Baroda]] and Member of Parliament.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/GUJ-AHD-maharaja-of-baroda-ranjitsinh-gaekwad-dies-at-74-3247212.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005162758/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/GUJ-AHD-maharaja-of-baroda-ranjitsinh-gaekwad-dies-at-74-3247212.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2015|title=Maharaja of Baroda Ranjitsinh Gaekwad dies at 74|website=daily.bhaskar.com|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Arvind Shah]]
|
|
|Sociologist
|<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/006996670003400104?journalCode=cisa|doi = 10.1177/006996670003400104|title = In memory of M.N. Srinivas|year = 2000|last1 = Shah|first1 = A.M.|journal = Contributions to Indian Sociology|volume = 34|pages = 93–104|s2cid = 144667051|url-access = subscription}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sujan R. Chinoy]]
|
|BA (Hons.) in English Literature and Psychology
|Former Ambassador of India to Japan and the Marshall Islands
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sujan-chinoy-is-indias-new-envoy-to-japan/articleshow/49585382.cms|title=Sujan Chinoy is India's new envoy to Japan|work=The Economic Times|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Partha Pratim Shil
| 2003
|BA in Political Science
| Professor at [[Stanford University]] Department of History
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Partha Pratim Shil {{!}} Department of History |url=https://history.stanford.edu/people/partha-pratim-shil |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=history.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Science ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[J.S. Bandukwala]]
|
|PhD in Physics
|Prominent human rights activist and associate professor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Ajaz |date=2017-11-26 |title=Interview: 'Muslims must stay out of politics as it helps Modi polarise society' |url=https://scroll.in/article/857993/muslims-must-stay-out-of-politics-as-it-helps-modi-polarise-society-gujarat-activist-js-bandukwala |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
| Sandip Pakvasa
| 1957
| BSc and MSc in Physics
| Physicist. Awarded the 2016 [[Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics]], as a member of the [[Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector]] Collaboration. [[American Physical Society]] Fellow, [[Humboldt Prize]] Fellow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phys.hawaii.edu/sandip-pakvasa/|title = In Memory of Dr. Sandip Pakvasa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=_yvNoAMAAAAJ&hl=en|title = Sandip pakvasa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2012/12/06/physics-professor-receives-humboldt-award/ | title=University of Hawaii at Manoa physics professor receives Humboldt Award | University of Hawaiʻi System News }}</ref>
|-
| [[Sam Pitroda]]
| 1964
| BSc and Msc in Physics
| Telecom engineer, entrepreneur and politician. Father of Telecommunications revolution in India.

He served as advisor to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India on Public Information Infrastructure and Innovation and as a Cabinet Minister under Rajiv Gandhi and as the Chairman of the National Knowledge Commission under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh from 2005 to 2009.
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/exclusive-the-story-of-sam-pitroda-and-indian-telecom-revolution-269082-2015-10-20|title=Exclusive: The story of Sam Pitroda and Indian telecom revolution}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2010/08/24/sam-pitroda-architect-of-india-s-communications-revolution|title = Sam Pitroda: Architect of India's communications revolution|date = 24 August 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]]
|1971
|BSc in Physics
|Biologist. Awarded the 2009 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] and [[Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine]] for his research in ribosome. [[List of presidents of the Royal Society|President of the Royal Society]] since November 2015 to November 2020
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/venki-ramakrishnan-12139/|title=The Royal Society : Fellows Directory : Venki Ramakrishnan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906214606/https://royalsociety.org/people/venki-ramakrishnan-12139/|archive-date=6 September 2015|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan|title = Venki Ramakrishnan | Biography, Nobel Prize, & Facts}}</ref>

|-
| [[Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri]]
|1973
| BSc in Physics
| Physicist. Awarded [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] in 1994 for doing "pioneering experimental work in the field of low temperature quantum transport in oxides near metal-insulator transition elucidating the interplay of disorder and interaction." [[Humboldt Prize]] Fellow.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=19|title = Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref>
|-
| [[Karan Jani]]
|
|
|Physicist. He is a part of the [[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] which detected GW14092015, first such observation of gravitational waves from binary black hole merger. For this pathbreaking discovery, the pioneers of the very collaboration were awarded the 2017 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/science/this-alumnus-of-a-baroda-govt-school-was-part-of-a-team-that-unlocked-a-space-secret/122522/|title=This alumnus of a Baroda govt school was part of a team that unlocked a space secret|date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kanury Venkata Subba Rao]]
|
|
| Immunologist. Awarded [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] in 1997 in the field of Biological Sciences for "outstanding contribution in the design of synthetic peptide vaccines based on the regeneration of conformational epitopes and self association of such peptides to give high immunogenicity in humans."
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/some-top-indian-biologists/227981/|title=SOME TOP INDIAN BIOLOGISTS - Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=6|title=Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref>
|-
|Chintan Shah
|2011
|BSc and MSc in Physics
|Physicist. He currently works at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and is part of the X-ray instrumentation and calibration working groups for future X-ray space observatories such as XRISM, Athena, and LEM.
|
|}

=== Technology ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Ajay Bhatt]]
|
|
|Computer Architect. Co-invented [[Universal Serial Bus]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=The inventor of USB is an Indian and he didn't do it for money |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/co-inventor-usb-ajay-bhatt-952941-2017-01-03 |website=indiatoday.in |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Paritosh Pandya]]
|
|
|Computer scientist. Former Dean, School of Technology and Computer Science at [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]. He is known for his research in Logics, Automata, Concurrency, Formal Methods, Embedded Systems and Software Engineering.
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Engineering Experts.Paritosh K. Pandya |url=http://www.tcs.tifr.res.in/~pandya/bio.ps |website= |publisher=Tata Institute of Fundamental Research |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vijay P. Bhatkar]]
|
|
|Computer Scientist. Chancellor of [[Nalanda University]]. He is primarily known as the Inventor of [[PARAM]] Super computer.
| <ref>{{cite web |title=The Little Known Story of How India's First Indigenous Supercomputer Amazed the World in 1991 |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/82076/india-first-supercomputer-param-cdac-vijay-bhatkar/ |website=thebetterindia.com |date=13 January 2017 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Vishal Sikka]]
|
|
| Former CEO of [[Infosys]]; CTO and Executive Board member of [[SAP AG]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Infosys CEO Sikka rakes in $11 million in total compensation |url=https://www.gadgetsnow.com/tech-news/Infosys-CEO-Sikka-rakes-in-11-million-in-total-compensation/articleshow/51132059.cms |website=gadgetsnow.com |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Shankar Subbanarasayya Mantha]]
|
|
| Indian Academician and Administrator. Former Chairman, [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE) and currently [[Adjunct professor|Adjunct Professor]] of [[National Institute of Advanced Studies|National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore]]. He is known for reforms in AICTE that brought transparency and accountability.
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Former Chairman - All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi & Chairman - National Technical Committee, NCSSS|url=https://ncdrc.res.in/mantha-profile.php|access-date=|website=ncdrc.res.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Atish Dipankar University holds its 3rd convocation |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/bulletin-board/news/atish-dipankar-university-holds-its-3rd-convocation-3051866 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nanda |first=Prashant K. |date=2013-11-12 |title=AICTE needs to be preserved, nurtured: S.S. Mantha |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/NB6U4m5nQfGLFzaLyUsZmK/AICTE-needs-to-be-preserved-nurtured-SS-Mantha.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Others ===

====A====

* [[Asha Puthli]], producer, recording artist, composer, publisher.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asha Puthli, an Indian Singer Who Embraces Countless Cultures |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/12/arts/music/12puht.html |work=The New York Times |date=12 August 2006 |accessdate=16 October 2018|last1=Pareles |first1=Jon }}</ref>
* [[Ankur Vikal]], Indian film and theatre actor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ankur Vikal Actor |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1340178/ |publisher=IMDb |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri]], condensed matter physicist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate<ref>{{cite web|title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail – Professor AK Raychaudhuri|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P01-1301|website=insaindia.res.in|accessdate=21 October 2017}}</ref>

====B====
* [[Bakul Harshadrai Dholakia]], former director of [[IIM Ahmedabad]], a [[Padma Shri]] awardee<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2007, Padma Shri – No : 53 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/padma-awards-2007/233715 |website=outlookindia.com |publisher=Outlook |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Bharati Mukherjee]], Bharati Mukherjee, the writer of Immigrant Life.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharati Mukherjee, Writer of Immigrant Life, Dies at 76 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/books/bharati-mukherjee-dead-author-jasmine.html |work=The New York Times |date=2 February 2017 |accessdate=16 October 2018|last1=Grimes |first1=William }}</ref>
* [[Bela Trivedi]], Judge, [[Supreme Court of India]].

====C====
*[[Chintan Upadhyay]], an Indian contemporary artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chintan Upadhyay.Honours and Awards 2004–05 Charles Wallace Foundation Award for Residency in Bristol, UK |url=https://www.saffronart.com/artists/chintan-upadhyay |website=saffronart.com |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====D====
*[[Deepak Shimkhada]], a [[Nepali American]] educator, artist, [[art historian]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SAH School of Arts & Humanities, Deepak Shimkhada |url=http://www.cgu.edu/pages/11242.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220002307/http://www.cgu.edu/pages/11242.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2014 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====E====
*[[Esther David]] is an Indian Jewish author.<ref>{{cite web |title=Esther David, Ahmedabad in US calendar on Jewish women writers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Esther-David-Ahmedabad-in-US-calendar-on-Jewish-women-writers/articleshow/6627984.cms?referral=PM |work=The Times of India |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====G====
* [[Geetanjali Shree]], a novelist, short story writer and winner of 2022 International Booker Prize.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/geetanjali-shree-got-her-phd-degree-from-msu/articleshow/91844381.cms | title=Geetanjali shree: Geetanjali Shree Got Her PhD Degree from Msu | Vadodara News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
* [[Gunvant Shah]], a noted thinker, writer and columnist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Information Bureau, GoI, Padma Shri – No. 48 Shri Gunvant Shah |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630070619/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2019 |website=webcitation.org |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>

====H====
*[[Hasmukh Patel (architect)|Hasmukh Patel]] architect credited with making significant contributions .<ref>{{cite web |title=Condolence message for Hasmukh C. Patel |url=https://cept.ac.in/news/condolence-message-for-hasmukh-c-patel |website=cept.ac.in |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
*[[Hemlata Talesra]], educationalist and activist<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Hemlata Talesra @ HereNow4U|url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=62442&person=191&group=6|access-date=2020-10-12|website=HereNow4U: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness|language=en}}</ref>

====K====
*[[K. Chidananda Gowda]], former Vice-Chancellor of [[Kuvempu University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kuvempu literary festival inaugurated, K. Chidananda Gowda, Vice-Chancellor of Kuvempu University |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/08/23/stories/2004082301720300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2004-08-23 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* [[Kavitha Balakrishnan]], an art critic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalithakala Akademi awards announced |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Lalithakala-Akademi-awards-announced/article14764606.ece |work=The Hindu |date=17 May 2007 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====L====
* [[Laxma Goud]], painter, printmaker and draughtsman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Information Bureau Government of India. No :45. Padma Shri |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=135783 |website=pib.nic.in |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Latika Katt]], an Indian sculptor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Material Queen, Medium is the message in renowned sculptor Latika Katt's works |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/material-queen/926610/1 |work=The Indian Express |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====M====
* [[Mrunalini Devi Puar]], the Chancellor of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mrunalini Devi Puar, Chancellor of M S University of Baroda, passes away |url=http://netindian.in/news/2015/01/02/00032074/mrunalini-devi-puar-chancellor-m-s-university-baroda-passes-away |website=netindian.in |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>

====P====
* [[Pramod Kale]], a scientist and former director, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pramod Kale gets Aryabhatta award |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2009/08/12/pramodkale-gets-aryabhatta-award.html |website=oneindia.com |date=12 August 2009 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Pankaj Advani (director)]], film-director, film-editor, screenplay-writer, photographer, theater director, and painter.<ref>{{cite web |title='Sankat City' director Pankaj Advani passes away |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/111874/sankat-city-director-pankaj-advani.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=11 November 2010 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Pan Nalin]], director, screenwriter and documentary-maker.<ref>{{cite web |title=From a tea stall in Amreli to Hollywood, Nalin Pandya (43) who is making Hollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/From-a-tea-stall-in-Amreli-to-Hollywood/articleshow/3030685.cms?referral=PM |work=The Times of India |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>

====R====
* Robert mongare (author)|Rajendra Shah]], lyrical Gujarati poet and philosopher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Third Gujarati to win Jnanpith – Rajendra Keshavlal Shah |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2003/07/18/stories/2003071803681200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030918132847/http://www.thehindu.com/2003/07/18/stories/2003071803681200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 September 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2003-07-18 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Reetika Khera]], economist and teacher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Prof. Reetika Khera |url=https://www.iima.ac.in/web/faculty/faculty-profiles/reetika-khera |website=iima.ac.in |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>

====S====
* [[S. L. Bhyrappa]], [[Kannada]] novelist and philosopher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Still on top of the charts, Bhyrappa may be criticised but not ignored. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/01/28/stories/2005012802290200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2005-01-28 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* [[Shanti Dave]], painter and sculptor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Galerie F. Hessler, Shanti Dave |url=http://www.galeriefhessler.lu/artiste.html?ref=477 |website=galeriefhessler.lu |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Srilamanthula Chandramohan]], an artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Srilamanthula Chandramohan |url=http://www.serindiagallery.com/srilamantula-chandramohan/ |website=serindiagallery.com }}</ref>
* [[Sosa Joseph]], an Indian contemporary artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=SCHNEIDER MUSEUM OF ART Sosa Joseph's Needlework Sosa Joseph Needlework Sosa Joseph's Blessed Fruit Sosa Joseph Blessed Fruit Sosa Joseph's Misfit Sosa Joseph's Misfit Intimate Revelations |url=http://www.sou.edu/sma/exhibitions/intimate-rev6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926212239/http://www.sou.edu/sma/exhibitions/intimate-rev6.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2011 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Salma Arastu]], an Indian artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salma Arastu |url=http://www.salmaarastu.com/bio.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230220/http://www.salmaarastu.com/bio.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 May 2014 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====T====
*[[Thota Vaikuntam]], an Indian painter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Contemporary Art.Thota Vaikuntam |url=http://www.legacyart.in/ArtistProfile.asp?hidArtistId=43 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080926071858/http://www.legacyart.in/ArtistProfile.asp?hidArtistId=43 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2008 |website=archive.is |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

====V====
* [[Vinoba Bhave]], Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights; "National Teacher of India", spiritual successor of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The King of Kindness Vinoba Bhave and His Nonviolent Revolution |url=http://www.markshep.com/peace/GT_Vinoba.html |website=markshep.com |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Vihang A. Naik]], (b.1969) Indian poet .{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* [[Vivan Sundaram]], an Indian contemporary artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vivan Sundaram: A man of all mediums |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/XHBIZRRmSHQORAxx7JIC9J/Vivan-Sundaram-A-man-of-all-mediums.html |website=livemint.com |date=26 January 2018 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref>

==Notable faculty==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Affiliation
!Notability
|-
|[[Geoffrey Wainwright (archaeologist)|Geoffrey Wainwright]]
|Professor of environmental archaeology between 1961 and 1963
|archaeologist
|-
|[[Gunvant Shah]]
|Lecturer between 1961 and 1972
|Writer
|-
|[[K. G. Subramanyan]]
|Lecturer at the Faculty of Fine Arts between 1951 and 1956
|Artist
|-
|[[Nasreen Mohamedi]]
|Lecturer at the Faculty of Fine Arts between 1972 and 1990
|artist <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/a-life-on-the-lines-celebrating-three-decades-of-nasreen-mohamedis-work/|title=A life on the lines: Celebrating three decades of Nasreen Mohamedi's work|date=22 November 2015|website=The Indian Express|access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rajni Kothari]]
|Lecturer (joined the university in 1958)
|Political Scientist <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csds.in/uploads/custom_files/1527080557_In%2520memoriam%2520Rajni%2520Kothari%25201928-2015.pdf|title = CSDS}}</ref>
|-
|[[M. N. Srinivas]]
|Lecturer (established the Department of Sociology)
|Sociologist <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/006996670003400104?journalCode=cisa|doi = 10.1177/006996670003400104|title = In memory of M.N. Srinivas|year = 2000|last1 = Shah|first1 = A.M.|journal = Contributions to Indian Sociology|volume = 34|pages = 93–104|s2cid = 144667051|url-access = subscription}}</ref>
|-
|[[Arvind Shah]]
|Lecturer
|Sociologist <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/education/professor-arvind-m-shah-obituary|title = Remembering Professor Arvind M. Shah, a Genial Doyen of Sociology}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of people by university or college in India|Maharaja Sayajirao University]]

Vedant Panesar

2026-01-22T01:02:52Z

BridgetteBarthol:

{{Short description|Indian chess player (born 2003)}}
{{Infobox chess player
|image = VedantPanesar2026.jpg
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|9|18}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, India]]
| title = [[FIDE Master]] (2021)
| peakrating = 2462 (March 2024)
| FideID = 35033018
}}

'''Vedant Panesar''' is an Indian chess player.

==Chess career==
He is coached by Hungarian grandmaster [[Krisztián Szabó (chess player)|Krisztián Szabó]].<ref name="hindu"/>

In October 2019, he defeated [[Viktor Gažík]] in the U18 section of the World Youth Chess Championship, who had been the defending champion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/chess/world-youth-chess-championship-vedant-panesar-viktor-gazik-r-praggnanandhaa/article29577204.ece|title=World Youth Chess Championship: Vedant Panesar stuns Viktor Gazik|first=Rakesh|last=Rao|date=October 4, 2019}}</ref>

He achieved the requirements for the IM title in late 2023, but chose not to apply for the title.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/best-way-to-pursue-chess-is-by-not-having-a-safety-net-vedant-panesar-101739544465296.html|title=Best way to pursue chess is by not having a safety net: Vedant Panesar|first=Susan|last=Ninan|date=February 14, 2025}}</ref>

In February 2025, he won the Tata Steel Qualifiers 2025, earning the right to play in the Challengers section of the [[Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/tata-steel-qualifiers-2025-report|title=Vedant Panesar victorious at Tata Steel Qualifiers|first=Shahid|last=Ahmed|date=February 4, 2025}}</ref> Later that month, he won the Aquinas International School Rapid Rating Open, beating Atharva Madkar on tiebreak scores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Vedant-Panesar-wins-1st-Aquinas-International-School-Rapid-Rating-Open-2025|title=Vedant Panesar wins 1st Aquinas International School Rapid Rating Open 2025|first=Shahid|last=Ahmed|date=February 24, 2025}}</ref>

In May 2025, he won the Motilalji Firodiya Rating Open, beating Rahul Sangma on tiebreak scores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Vedant-Panesar-wins-Motilalji-Firodiya-Rating-Open-2025|title=Vedant Panesar triumphs at Motilalji Firodiya Rating Open 2025|first=Shahid|last=Ahmed|date=June 7, 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{FIDE|35033018}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panesar, Vedant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Chess FIDE Masters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Chess players from Mumbai]]

Kumbha Ravibabu

2026-01-11T06:53:39Z

BridgetteBarthol: Started Initial Details V1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kumbha Ravibabu
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| parents = Kumbha Kotaoah,Narayamma
| term_start = 2023
| term_end = 2029
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1958|5|12}}
}}

'''Kumbha Ravibabu''' (born 4 June 1958) is an Indian politician who is member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]] through nomination by [[Governor (India)|Governor]] representing [[YSR Congress Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= Kumbha Ravibabu(YSRCP):(ELECTED BY Nomination of Governor) |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-newly-appointed-mlcs-under-governor-quota-takes-oath-thanks-jagan-816601 |website=The Hans India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumbha Ravi Babu MLC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nomination-of-two-governor-quota-mlcs-notified/article67180901.ece |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MLC |url=https://www.ysrcongress.com/mlc-2024 |website=YSR Congress Party |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SRI Kumbha Ravibabu, Member of Legislative Council |url=https://www.aplegislature.org/web/legislative-council/member-s-information?p_p_id=CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_h4pQxGtq77FK&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_h4pQxGtq77FK_javax.portlet.action=getPartyMemberDetails&_CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_h4pQxGtq77FK_mem_id=190&p_auth=x98RfU1d |website=Andhra Pradesh State Legislature, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumbha, Ravibabu}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]

{{AndhraPradesh-YSRCP-politician-stub}}

Mandav

2026-01-08T08:22:58Z

BridgetteBarthol:

{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
[[File:Jahaz Mahal 08909.jpg|thumb|289x289px|The Iconic Jahaz Mahal at Mandav, Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh, India]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandav
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Mandav.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Reva Lake at Mandav, Dhar district (MP)
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|20|11|N|75|24|56|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhar district|Dhar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8545
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mandav''' is a [[town]] and a [[nagar panchayat]], near city of [[Dhar]] in [[Dhar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Mandav had a population of 8,545. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mandav has an average literacy rate of 32%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 41%, and female literacy is 22%. In Mandav, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Mandva is situated in the Vindhyanchal Range at 2,000 feet above sea level. There is a deep ravine that separates it from the [[Malwa|Malwa Plateau]] in Central India. Mandav is 100 km from [[Indore]], the nearest airport.

==History==
{{main|Mandu, Madhya Pradesh}}
The history of Mandav, also known as Mandu, is known from the Paramara period in the 8th century A.D. Later it was under Mughal rule. They called it Shadiabad, which means ‘The City of Joy’. The monuments are a mix of the Hindu and Afghan style of architecture.

Mandu is a celebration in stone, of life and joy, of the love of the poet-prince Baz Bahadur for his beautiful consort, Rani Roopmati. The balladeers of Malwa still sing of the romance of these royal lovers, and high up on the crest of a hill, Roopmati's Pavilion still gazes down at Baz Bahadur's Palace, a magnificent expression of Afghan architecture.

Under Mughal rule, Mandu was a pleasure resort, its lakes and palaces the scenes of splendid and extravagant festivities.

==Places of interest==
This article needs to merge with [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh#Places of interest]]
There are number of monuments in Mandav. Among the most important are:

'''Shri Mandavagadh Teerth'''

Shri Mandavagadh Teerth is dedicated to Lord [[Suparshvanatha]]. It belongs to Shwetambar sect of Jainism. The temple has been attractively constructed and looks exquisite. It underwent expansion in 14th century. The idol of Lord Suparshvanath is believed to be much older. The idol is white in complexion and is 91.54 cm (3 feet) in height. It is seated in a ''padmansana'' posture. Apart from this in this same fort there is a fine temple of smaller size of Lord Shantinath. Ruins of many temples and idols can be seen here. As per a reference once there were almost 700 Jain temples here.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jainuniversity.org/jain-tirth-places/ShriMandavagadhTirtha |title=Shri Mandavagadh Tirtha |access-date=2 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916111352/http://www.jainuniversity.org/jain-tirth-places/ShriMandavagadhTirtha |archive-date=16 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

'''The Delhi Darwaja and Hoshang Shah tomb'''

The Delhi Darwaja is one of the twelve gateways to the city and is made up of reddish stone. The Hoshang Shah's tomb is a fine example of [[Architecture of Afghanistan|Afghan-style architecture]]. It is said that four architects from Shah Jahan's court visited Mandu and took inspiration for the Taj Mahal.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Hoshang Shah's Tomb 02.jpg|Hoshang Shah's Tomb
File:Delhi Darwaja (Gate)-1.JPG|Delhi Darwaja

</gallery>

'''The Jahaz Mahal and Hindola Mahal'''

The Jahaz Mahal, or the ship palace, resembles a ship sailing in water. There are two lakes, Kapur Talao and the Munja Talao, at the front of and behind the monument. The beautiful reflection of the palace can be seen in the tank waters. This was built in the period of Sultan Ghias-ud-din Khilji as a pleasure resort for his large harem.

The Hindola Mahal or the Swing Palace has been built with sloping walls, which make it look like a swing. This was used as an audience hall. There is a [[step well]] called Champa Baoli near it, which was connected to underground rooms with arrangements for cold and hot water for bathing.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Jahaz Mahal 10.jpg|Jahaz Mahal
File:Hindola Mahal 01.jpg|Hindola Mahal
</gallery>

'''Palaces of Roopmati and Bazbahadur'''

The palace of Sultan Bazbahadur and Roopmati are exquisite examples of the Islamic style of architecture. They have large courtyards. The palace of Roopmati was used as a check post in the times of an invasion. The tale of these two still resonates in the monuments of Mandu. Sultan Bazbahadur had gone to the dense woods near the Narmada River. Here he heard a sweet voice singing a divine song. When he reached the spot, he saw a beautiful maiden singing to the woods, the deer and the birds. He was mesmerized by her beauty and enchanted by her voice. When he asked her to become his wife she told him that until and unless the River Narmada starts flowing at Mandu she will not be able to marry him. This was because she used to pay homage to the river before having her food. The Sultan then went to the river and asked it to climb over the mountain and start flowing at Mandu. The river god granted his wish and told him to search for a sacred tamarisk and dig wherever it is found. There he found a spring of pure Narmada water which was a tributary. The king dug a reservoir at the place which was called the Rewa Kund. Rewa is another name of the river Narmada. He built a palace at this place and the waters of the fountain were provided to the baths of the palace. The river can be seen at a distance, as a silvery shimmering line in the Nimar plains, from the palace. Bazbahadur was later defeated in a battle and fled from the battle field. Roopmati committed suicide after consuming poison. The balladeers of Malwa still tell you their story.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Rupmati Pavilion 01.jpg|Roopmati's Pavilion
File:Baz Bahadur's Palace 12.jpg|Baz Bahadur's Palace
</gallery>There is a jamia mosque in mandu The '''Jama Masjid''', also called '''Jami Masjid''', is an historic [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]] in [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] in the [[Dhar district]] of the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. Built in [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] style, the mosque has been believed to have been built during the reign of [[Hoshang Shah]] and completed during the reign of [[Mahmud Khilji]] in 1454 [[Common Era|CE]].

The Masjid has three large domes, a courtyard, 54 smaller domes and colonnade of pillared halls. It has a prayer hall and decorated pillars in the masjid. The entire area of the mosque is 7,725 square metres (83,150 sq ft), built on an elevated platform 4.6 m (15 ft). The inscriptions on the eastern doorway to the porch indicates that the mosque was modeled on the basis of [[Umayyad Mosque|Mosque of Damascus]]. In modern times, the Group of Monuments at Mandu is maintained and administered by the Bhopal circle of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}
{{Indore Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Dhar district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Dhar district]]

Sambhav Asambhav

2025-12-30T22:52:43Z

BridgetteBarthol: Created...

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer =
| director = Anant Mahadevan
| creative_director =
| starring =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = "Sambhav Asambhav" by [[Preety Bhalla]]
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 26
| executive_producer =
| producer = Amar Butala
| editor =
| location = [[Madh Island]] [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] [[Mona Kapoor Studio]]
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx. 24 minutes
| company = [[Sheel Raaj Productions]]
| channel = [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2003|05|01}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2003|10|23}}
}}

'''''Sambhav Asambhav''''' ({{Translation|''Possible, impossible''}}) was a [[Hindi language]] Indian television series that premiered on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]] on 1 May 2003, is based on a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] novel ''Sambhav Asambhav'' written by [[Harkisan Mehta]].<ref name="Sambhav Asambhav on Sony">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k3/sambhavasambhav.htm|title=Sambhav Asambhav on Sony|work=Indiantelevision.com|date=5 May 2003}}</ref> The story is based on the lives of who get caught in the vortex of reincarnation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/29/stories/2003042900250408.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022200233/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/29/stories/2003042900250408.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Reincarnation Drama|date=29 April 2003}}</ref> The series was directed by known television director [[Anant Mahadevan]], and was shot at various locations in [[Mumbai]] including [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] and [[Madh Island]].<ref name="Sambhav Asambhav on Sony"/> The show ended on 23 October 2003. It used to air every Thursday.

==Cast==
* [[Sangeeta Ghosh]] as Maya Siddharth Nath
* [[Shakti Anand]] as Siddharth Nath
* [[Vikram Gokhale]] as Amar Nath
* Dimple Inamdar as Meera Amar Nath
* Pooja Ghai Rawal as Kanika
* [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]] as Amar Nath
* Naresh Suri as Dr. Devdutt
* Rupa Divetia as Daya
* Sumukhi Pendse as Sheela
* [[Mukesh Rawal]] as Maya's Mama
* Mugdha Shah as Maya's Mami
* [[Anil Dhawan]] as Manmohan
* [[Ghanashyam Nayak]] as Swami

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.setsyndication.com/show.php?l=1&c=43&s=84 Sambhav Asambhav Official Site on Sony Entertainment Network]
*[https://www.preetybhalla.com/ Preety Bhalla - Professional Singer]

{{SET Shows}}

[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]

Arapaleeswarar Temple, Kolli Hills

2025-12-26T03:40:50Z

BridgetteBarthol: adding a place!

{{short description|Temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Arapalli.jpg|thumb|Arapaleeswarar Temple at Kolli Hills]]
'''Arapaleeswarar temple, Kolli Malai''',<ref name="ta.wikipedia.org">[[:ta:கொல்லிமலை அறப்பளீஸ்வரர் திருக்கோயில்]] </ref> also known as Arappalli is a [[Shiva|Siva]] temple in [[Kolli Hills]] in [[Namakkal]] District in [[Tamil Nadu]] (India).

==Vaippu Sthalam==
It is one of the shrines of the [[Vaippu Sthalam|Vaippu Sthalams]] sung by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]]s [[Sambandar|Gnanasambandar]] and [[Appar]].<ref name="bmj"> பு.மா.ஜெயசெந்தில்நாதன், தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், வர்த்தமானன் பதிப்பகம், சென்னை, 2009 </ref>

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity is known as Arapaleeswarar. His consort is known as Aram Valartha Nayaki.<ref name="bmj"/> Once devotees started cooking with the fishes found in the pond of the temple. They got life and jumped into the water. As the presiding deity saved the fishes which were cut he is known as Arapaleeswarar.<ref name="dinamalar">[https://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=1023 Dinamalar Temples]</ref>

==Agaya Gangai==
Very near to the temple [[Agaya Gangai]] is found. The caves of Korakka Siddhar and Kalanginatha Siddhar are found near Agaya Gangai.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://shaivam.org/temples-of-lord-shiva/moovar-thevara-vaippu-thalangal Muvar Thevara Vaippu Thalangal, மூவர் தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், அறப்பள்ளி/கொல்லி அறப்பள்ளி/ கொல்லிக்குளிரறைப்பள்ளி/வளப்பூர்நாடு/கொல்லிமலை, aRappaLLi, Sl.No.16 of 139 temples]
* [http://www.shivatemples.com/vt/vtlist1.php Shiva Temples, தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், அறப்பள்ளி, Sl.No.11 of 133 temples, page1]
{{Vaippu sthalam}}
{{coord|type:event|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Namakkal district]]

Pasumarru, Palnadu district

2025-12-02T07:13:39Z

BridgetteBarthol: done...

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pasumarru
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16.0682|N|80.1842|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chilakaluripet mandal|Chilakaluripet]]
| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |access-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2017 |page=100 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Pasumarru [[gram panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part B) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=2 June 2019 |pages=14,360 |date=2011}}</ref>
| area_rural_km2 = 2974
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=668409 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_rural = 7165
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 522616
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–863
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = AP
}}

'''Pasumarru''' is a village in [[PalnaduGuntur district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the headquarters of [[Chilakaluripet mandal]] in [[Narasaraopet revenue division]].<ref name="census" />

== Geography ==
Pasumarru is situated to the southeast of the mandal headquarters, Purushothapatnam,<ref name="village">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook : Guntur (Part A) |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_A_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=4 June 2019 |pages=5,554–555 |date=2011}}</ref>
at {{Coord|16.068249|N|80.184205|E}}. It is spread over an area of {{Convert|2974|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref name="census" />

== Governance ==

Pasumarru [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 6 schools. These schools include 1 private and 5 [[District Councils of India|Zilla]]/[[Mandal Parishad]] schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=School Information |url=https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |website=Commissionerate of School Education |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416174708/https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Palnadu district]]

Claudius James Erskine

2025-11-21T04:52:29Z

BridgetteBarthol: put up data

{{Short description|British Indian judge and educator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Claudius James Erskine, vice-chancellor of the University of Calcutta.jpg|thumb|Claudius James Erskine]]
'''Claudius James Erskine''', known as '''Claude Erskine''' (1821 – 6 June 1893) ICS, was a British Indian civil servant, judge and [[List of vice-chancellors of the University of Calcutta|vice-chancellor of the University of Calcutta]].

==Career==
The son of [[William Erskine (historian)|William Erskine]], Claude Erskine was born in 1821 in [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Erskine, William (1773–1852), historian of India|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8880|access-date=2021-08-23|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8880|isbn=978-0-19-861412-8|last1=Prior|first1=Katherine}}</ref> He studied at the [[University of St Andrews]], the [[University of Edinburgh]], and the [[East India College, Haileybury]]. He then joined the [[Indian Civil Service]], one of four brothers to do so, arriving in Bombay in 1840. He was appointed private secretary to the [[Governor of Bombay]], [[Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet|Sir George Arthur]], in 1843, and became oriental translator and deputy secretary in the Persian department.

Interested in vernacular education, he became, after serving as secretary to the Bombay general and judicial departments, the first director of public instruction in western India in 1885. He was judge of Konkan in 1859, and a member of the Legislative Council of India in 1860. He served as Judge of the [[Bombay High Court]] since 1862 to 1865.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hon'ble Former Justices|title=MR. Claudius James Erskine|url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshowpuisne.php?bhcpar=amdldGlkPTMmcGFnZW5vPTE=|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807154507/https://www.bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshowpuisne.php?bhcpar=amdldGlkPTMmcGFnZW5vPTE= |archive-date=2020-08-07 }}</ref> He was appointed a member of the Bombay council in 1865. After [[William Ritchie (barrister)|William Ritchie]] he was appointed a vice-chancellor of the [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] on 8 April 1862.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vice-Chancellors{{!}}CU|url=https://www.caluniv.ac.in/about/vc.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.caluniv.ac.in}}</ref> Erskine retired from the civil service on 14 May 1867.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Frere|first=Bartle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-MwAQAAMAAJ&q=Claudius+James+Erskine&pg=PA523|title=The Speeches and Addresses of Sir H.B.E. Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B., D.C.L.|date=1870|language=en}}</ref>

He married in 1847, Emily Georgina Reid, daughter of Lestock Reid, acting governor of Bombay.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Claudius James Erskine}}
{{University of Calcutta Vice chancellors}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erskine, Claudius James}}
[[Category:1821 births]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:British India judges]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Perur Pateeswarar Temple, Coimbatore

2025-11-07T05:13:35Z

BridgetteBarthol: done...

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=June 2013}}
{{Original research|date=June 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| image = PERUR_PATTEESHWARAR_TEMPLE.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Gopuram at the entrance of the temple
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|10|58|33|N|76|54|53|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
| location = [[Perur]], [[Coimbatore]].
| elevation_m =
| deity = Sri Pateeswarara Swamy ([[Shiva]])
Sri Pachainayagi Amman ([[Parvati]])
| architecture = [[Tamizh Chozha architecture]]
| year_completed = 2nd century CE
| inscriptions =
| creator = [[Karikala Chola]]
| website =http://www.perurpatteeswarar.tnhrce.in/
}}
'''Perur Pateeswarar Temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to Lord [[Shiva]] located at [[Perur]], in western part of [[Coimbatore]] in state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in India. The temple was built by [[Karikala|Karikala Chola]] in 2nd century CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Administrative Service - IAS Exam |url=https://prepp.in/news/e-492-karikala-ancient-india-history-notes |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Prepp |language=en}}</ref> The temple is located on the bank of the [[Noyyal River]] and has been patronized by poets like [[Arunagirinathar]] and Kachiappa Munivar. Patteeswarar ([[Shiva]]) is the presiding deity of this temple together with his consort Pachainayaki ([[Parvati]]). The main deity is a [[Lingam|Swayambu Lingam]].

Various names for the temple have been used over the years, including, Kamadenupuri, Pattipuri, Adhipuri, Daksha Kailasham, Thavasiddhapuram, Gnanapuram, Kalyanapuram, Pirava Neri Thalam, Pasupathipuram, and Melai Chidambaram.<ref>Kumudam Journal; 14.11.2008; Article name : ’படும் துன்பங்கள் பனிபோல் விலகும் பட்டீஸ்வரர் திருவருளால்!’</ref>

==History==
The temple was built by the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] emperor [[Karikala]] in the 2nd century CE. Further contributions were made by Imperial Cholas in late 10th & early 11th centuries.<ref>{{cite news
| title =Noyyal goes dry at Perur, people worried
| newspaper =Deccan Chronicle
| location =Coimbatore
| date =7 November 2016
| url =https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/071116/noyyal-river-goes-dry-at-perur-devotees-worried.html
| access-date =20 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title =Perur Temple to be renovated
| newspaper =DT Next
| location =Coimbatore
| date =24 May 2022
| url =https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2022/05/24/23-temples-in-kovai-being-renovated-at-rs-63-cr-hr-ce-minister
| access-date =20 April 2024}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
|total_width=300
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Perur 1.jpg
|caption1=Shiva in the act of destroying one of the sons of Kasimuni
|width1=449| height1=976
|image2=Perur 2.jpg
|caption2=A view of the two Pillars immediately on the top of the steps leading to the temple
|width2=584| height2=976
}}
Perur Pateeswarar Temple has several [[gopuram]]s and halls, notably the Kanaka Sabha, which contains a golden statue of [[Nataraja]]. The ceiling is covered in a network of stone chains, and the pillars are decorated with carvings of Shiva in his different forms.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rich in history and architecture|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/05/27/stories/2005052700390300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123160216/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/05/27/stories/2005052700390300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2008|access-date=19 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 May 2005}}</ref>[[File:Perur car festival.jpg|thumb|300px|Temple car on 18 March 2019]]

==Culture==
Every year, the temple celebrates a classical dance week, typically [[Bharata Natyam]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Perur Natyanjali|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/perur-natyanjali/article3886931.ece|access-date=19 June 2016|date=12 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> The temple is believed to be one of the places where Shiva performed [[Tandava|Ananda Thandavam]].<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|page=20}}</ref>

==Festivals==
===Temple chariot festival===
Every year in the month of [[Panguni]], [[Panguni Uthiram]] is celebrated. A temple chariot is paraded through the neighborhood as part of the celebration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/Devotional/DevotionalTopNews/2019/03/19094531/1232974/perur-pateeswarar-kovil-therottam.vpf |title=Thousands of devotees visit Perur Pateeswarar Temple Chariot Festival |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020100033/https://www.maalaimalar.com/Devotional/DevotionalTopNews/2019/03/19094531/1232974/perur-pateeswarar-kovil-therottam.vpf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Seedling planting festival===
The festival has been celebrated by the farming community along the banks of [[Noyyal River]]. The festival is conducted in the month of [[Jyeshtha (month)|Aani]]. The ritual forms a part of [[Indra festival]]. The festival has its reference from the "Perur Puranam" by Kachiappa Munivar.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://shaivam.org/scripture/Tamil/1766/perur-puranam-part-3-kachiyappa-munivar/#gsc.tab=0 | title=Kachiyappa Munivar aruliya Perurp Puranam III - கச்சியப்ப முனிவர் அருளிய பேரூர்ப் புராணம் - III - (Thiruperur in Coimbatore) }}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title =Ani Utsava sapling planting festival 2023
| newspaper =Daily Thanthi
| location =Coimbatore
| date =25 June 2023
| url =https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/ani-utsava-sapling-planting-ceremony-at-pattiswarar-temple-in-perur-993530
| access-date =20 April 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Perur Pateeswarar Temple}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120121054217/http://www.perurpatteeswarar.in/ Official Website]
* [https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=460 Temple's Speciality Dinamalar]
{{Vaippu sthalam}}
{{Coimbatore district}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Coimbatore district]]
[[Category:Chola architecture]]
[[Category:Dravidian architecture]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Coimbatore district]]

Director's Kut Productions

2025-11-06T02:59:49Z

BridgetteBarthol: brief rework references to improve readability additionally and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian production company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Director's Kut Productions
| logo = Director Kut's Productions Logo.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| parent =
| foundation = 2007
| founder = Rajan Shahi
| location_country = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| key_people = Rajan Shahi
| num_employees =
| industry = Entertainment
| products = [[Television|Television series]] [[Digital media|Web series]]
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| homepage = [http://www.directorskutproduction.com/ directorskutproduction.com]
}}

'''Director's Kut Productions''' is an Indian television [[production company]] based in [[Mumbai]], which is owned by [[Rajan Shahi]].<ref name="financial">{{Cite web| title = International and home-grown formats can co-exist | url = http://www.financialexpress.com/news/-international-and-homegrown-formats-can-coexist-/800597/0|quote= UTV Television is now facing a stiff competition from a bunch of young entrants like Balaji, Director's Kut and .. | newspaper =The Financial Express | date = 8 June 2011 | access-date = 15 July 2013 }}</ref> Established in 2007, it produces television shows and web-series for various channels. Some of its notable works include: ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]'', ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]'', ''[[Aai Kuthe Kay Karte]]'' and ''[[Anupamaa]]''.

==History==
Rajan Shahi did his schooling from St Columbus, and got graduated from [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]], [[Delhi]], and came to [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-is-a-show-thats-truly-blessed-says-producer-rajan-shahi/articleshow/71096871.cms|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai is a show that's truly blessed, says producer Rajan Shahi|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref>

In 1993, Shahi started his career as an assistant director.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/production-house/fiction/directors-kut-productions-rajan-shahi-on-exploring-new-genres-spin-offs-and-challenges-of-running-daily-shows|title=Directors-kut-productions-Rajan-Shahi-on-exploring-new-genres-spin-offs-and-challenges-of-running-daily-shows|website=[[Indian Television]]}}</ref> In 1999, Shahi made his directorial debut with the series ''Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahi''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/producer-rajan-shahi-i-worked-among-the-crowd-who-stood-behind-models-in-ads-when-i-first-came-to-mumbai/articleshow/63782103.cms|title=Producer Rajan Shahi: I worked among the crowd who stood behind models in ads when I first came to Mumbai|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref> He then went on to direct series like ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'', ''Hamare Tumhare'', ''Rishtey'', ''Kareena Kareena'', ''Reth'', ''Mamtaa'', ''Millee'', ''Virasaat'' and ''Saathi Re''.<ref name=":0" /> Thereafter he worked as a series director for ''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar]]'', ''[[Ghar Ki Laxmi Betiyaan]]'' and ''Maayaka''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wH2jDwAAQBAJ&q=rajan+in+ghar+ki+lakshmi+betiyann&pg=PT162|title=The making of Star India|author=Vanita Kohli-Khandekar|date=25 July 2019|isbn=9789353055981}}</ref>

Eventually, he became a television producer and started his own production company in 2007. His first series as producer was ''[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]'' on [[Star Plus]], followed by ''[[Shital Tai]]'', ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]'' and ''[[Tere Sheher Mein]]'' on [[Star Plus]].<ref name="times11">{{Cite web |author=Amrita Mulchandani | title = Rajan Shahi re-invents himself! | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Rajan-Shahi-re-invents-himself/articleshow/10642495.cms | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203053855/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-07/tv/30369273_1_alok-nath-kinshuk-mahajan-angad-hasija | url-status = live | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | date = 7 November 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | access-date = 15 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/producer-rajan-shahi-on-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hais-success-its-a-challenge-to-keep-the-freshness-alive-tv-news/405391|title=Producer Rajan Shital on Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai's success: 'It's a challenge to keep the freshness alive'|website=[[Times Now]] news}}</ref>

In 2019, they started producing ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]'' which is a [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] of ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' on the latter show's success. In 2019, the production house entered in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] GEC space and produce [[Marathi language|Marathi]] serial [[Aai Kuthe Kay Karte]]! for Star Network's Marathi channel [[Star Pravah]]. The Serial was later remade in [[Hindi]] as [[Anupamaa]] on [[Star Plus]] which premiered on 13 July 2020.

They also made a short film named Yolk for International film festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/director-s-kut-productions-first-short-film-international-film-festivals-170220|title=Director's Kut Productions' First 'short film' for International Film Festivals|website=Telly Chakkar}}</ref> They have a [[YouTube]] channel named ''Directors Kut Productions'', which is run by Rajan Shahi's daughter, Ishika Shahi. <ref name=":0" />

==Current productions==
===Television series===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+
|-
! Series !! Channel !! Premiere date
|-
| [[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Plus]]
| 12 January 2009
|-
| [[Anupamaa]]
| 13 July 2020
|-
|}

==Former productions==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Series !! Channel !! Airing Period
|-
| ''[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/parul-chauhan-on-bidaai-tv/20101119.htm|title=Everyone cried on the last day of Bidaai|website=Rediff}}</ref>||[[Star Plus]]|| 8 October 2007 – 13 November 2010
|-
|''[[Maat Pitaah Ke Charnon Mein Swarg]]''||[[Colors TV]]|| 29 June 2009 – 4 June 2010
|-
| ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]'' ||[[Star Plus]]|| 28 June 2010 – 17 June 2011
|-
| ''[[Havan (TV series)|Havan]]'' ||[[Colors TV]]|| 26 September 2011 – 30 March 2012
|-
| ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]''||[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]|| 3 October 2011 – 28 March 2013
|-
| ''[[Amrit Manthan]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-seven-year-leap-for-amrit-manthan-1794932|title=Seven-year leap for 'Amrit Manthan'|website=DNA India}}</ref>||[[Life OK]] || 26 February 2012 – 2 August 2013
|-
|''[[Jamuna Paar]]''<ref name="times12">{{cite web |author=Amrita Mulchandani |title=Alisha is pampered the most! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Alisha-is-pampered-the-most/articleshow/12686874.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130717075930/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-16/tv/31349240_1_reality-show-entertainment-industry-jassi |url-status=live |archive-date=17 July 2013 |date=16 April 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 July 2013}}</ref>||[[Imagine TV]]|| 27 February 2012 – 12 April 2012
|-
| ''[[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (TV series)|Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]]''|| [[Zee TV]] || 6 January 2014 – 2 December 2014
|-
| ''Itti Si Khushi''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2014/09/sony-launches-new-fiction-series-itti-si-khushi/|title=Sony launches new fiction series 'Itti si Khushi'|website=Best Media Info}}</ref>||[[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]] || 29 September 2014 – 2 January 2015
|-
| ''[[Tere Sheher Mein]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hiba-nawab-and-dhruv-bhandari-play-tom-jerry-on-tv/articleshow/47026517.cms|title=Hiba Nawab and Dhruv Bhandari play Tom & Jerry on TV!|website=Times Of India}}</ref>||[[Star Plus]] || 2 March 2015 – 14 November 2015
|-
|''Baavle Utaavle''<ref name=TIO>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/comedy-show-baavle-utaavle-to-end-next-month/articleshow/70204789.cms|title=Comedy show 'Baavle Utaavle' to end next month |website=TOI|first=Neha|last=Meheswari|language=en|access-date=2019-07-14}}</ref>||[[SAB TV]]|| 18 February 2019 – 26 August 2019
|-
|''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''||[[Star Plus]] || 18 March 2019 – 17 October 2020
|-
|''[[Aai Kuthe Kay Karte!]]''
| [[Star Pravah]]
| 23 December 2019 – 30 November 2024
|-
|''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya (2021 TV series)|Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya 2]]''
| [[Star Bharat]]
| 15 March 2021 – 25 August 2021
|-
|''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]''||[[Star Bharat]] || 14 March 2022 – 14 June 2023
|-
|''[[Baatein Kuch Ankahee Si]]'' ||[[Star Plus]] || 21 August 2023 – 11 March 2024
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Series
! Platform
! Premiere date
! Notes
|-
| ''[[Anupama: Namaste America]]''
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| 25 April 2022
| Prequel web series to ''[[Anupamaa]]''
|}

==Controversies==
* When [[Karan Mehra]] who portrayed "Naitik Singhania" and [[Hina Khan]] who portrayed "Akshara Maheshwari Singhania" quit ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' who in June 2016 and November 2016 respectively then producer Rajan Shahi exclaimed that, "''With due respect to both the actors, it is a fact that after Naitik (Karan's character) left, we could consolidate our position much stronger and the TRPs actually increased. Likewise, after Hina's exit, the show has grown.''"<ref>{{cite web |date=2017-01-11 |title=Akshara-Naitik's exit has made Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai better, says producer Rajan Shahi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-hina-khan-karan-mehra-producer-rajan-shahi-naira-karthik-wedding-4469073/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2017-01-19 |title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai? It's Hina Khan - Karan Mehra vs Producer Rajan Shahi! |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/370952/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-its-hina-khan-karan-mehra-vs-producer-rajan-shahi |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218105954/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/370952/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-its-hina-khan-karan-mehra-vs-producer-rajan-shahi |url-status=dead }}</ref> This badly hurt Hina and Karan and the production house landed into a controversy. In response to the interview, a hurt Hina Khan, ''"I don't want to get into this blame game. Well, he can say whatever he wishes to."'' She further added, "''why was he quiet when we were part of the show for eight long years? During that time, he went on record to praise both of us for our dedication and professionalism. And honestly, we were probably the only lead pair on television who continued to be with the show for eight consecutive years. Despite the work pressure, disagreements and other work opportunities, we continued to stay loyal to the show and supported the producer."''<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=2017-01-19 |title=Hina Khan hurt by Rajan Shahi comment: I was in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai for 8 years, why was he quiet then? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-hurt-by-rajan-shahi-comment-i-was-in-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-for-8-years-why-was-he-quiet-then-4482059/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2017-05-09 |title=EXCLUSIVE- Hina Khan on tiff with mentor Rajan Shahi: Life is too short to react on such things |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/serial-updates/378246/exclusive-hina-khan-tiff-mentor-rajan-shahi-life-too-short-react-such |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218105954/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/serial-updates/378246/exclusive-hina-khan-tiff-mentor-rajan-shahi-life-too-short-react-such |url-status=dead }}</ref> While Karan said, "''Everyone on the set and the channel knows my work and attendance records. If he is saying that I worked for two-three hours, he is referring to someone else because my attendance register is the proof. Also, I gave my notice period in advance. I don't know who he has a grudge against and why is he saying it now? I was thanked by the channel and Rajan sir when I quit, so I don't understand how this has emerged now. Honestly, I am happy in my space and looking forward to new beginnings. I am not in touch with him anymore and I can't keep commenting on other people's grievances. All I can say is, 'To each his own'.''"<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Karan Mehra on Yeh Rishta...'s 3000 episodes: Rajan Shahi sir and I congratulated each other, no hard feelings for anyone - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-mehra-on-yeh-rishta-s-3000-episodes-rajan-shahi-sir-and-i-congratulated-each-other-no-hard-feelings-for-anyone/articleshow/71099819.cms |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
*The production company and producer Rajan Shahi again faced a controversy in July 2022 with actor [[Paras Kalnawat]] who portrayed "Samar Shah" in ''[[Anupamaa]]'' when the latter decided to participate in rival channel's dance-based reality show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 10)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10]]'' and he terminated Kalnawat's contract quoting "''We as a production house won't entertain breach of contract. We have terminated his (Kalnawat's) services as an actor with immediate effect. We wish him all the best for his future endeavours''".<ref name=":3">{{cite web|date=2022-07-26|title=Anupamaa makers terminate Paras Kalnawat's contract after he signs up Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10, actor responds|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/paras-kalnawat-contract-terminated-anupamaa-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-8053372/|access-date=2022-07-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> While Paras said, "''Everything is great with Anupamaa but I did not see my character evolving. I have huge respect for Rajan sir and the team and wish them all the best. At this stage of my career, I wanted to take up a new challenge. Also, I must add that I did inform the production about my decision, however, due to the channel and contract clauses, it wouldn't have been possible for me to continue with Anupamaa after signing Jhalak''". He further said, "''My character never evolved since past one year and after Anagha's (the actress who portrayed "Nandini Iyer," Samar's ex-fiancée in the series) exit I was just reduced to a family member standing in background with nothing to do''" and he signed off calling whatever happened was a "nightmare" and "sigh of relief" as makers asked him to choose between the two revealing many dark secrets of the production house<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive Interview! "Dark & Shady Things Happened With Me", Paras Kalnawat bares it all|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/paras-kalnawat-bares-it-all-dark-shady-things-happened-with-me-in-anupamaa-exclusive-interview/articleshow/93279372.cms|access-date=2022-08-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> including his return to show within five days of his father's demise as leads were tested COVID-19 positive.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web|title="My character was just reduced to being a family member in background with nothing to do anything and it never evolved" says Paras Kalnawat clearing the rumours about being kicked off from Anupamaa and reveals he himself quitted the series|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/paras-kalnawat-on-being-out-of-anupamaa-my-character-was-not-growing-i-did-not-want-to-be-reduced-to-a-family-member-in-the-background/articleshow/93145335.cms|access-date=2022-07-26|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anupamaa makers said I can't do Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 because it's on rival channel |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/paras-kalnawat-exclusive-anupamaa-makers-said-i-cant-do-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-because-its-rival-channel-1168206 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Paras Kalnawat calls Anupamaa a "nightmare" and termination a "sigh of relief" as posts a sign-off note|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/paras-kalnawat-calls-anupamaa-a-nightmare-and-termination-of-his-contract-a-sigh-of-relief-5635225.html|access-date=2022-07-27|website=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="It's a heartbreaking situation for me as nobody talked to me about this", Paras Kalnawat on his contract being terminated|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-paras-kalnawat-on-his-contract-being-terminated-from-anupamaa-it-is-a-heartbreaking-situation-for-me-because-nobody-spoke-to-me-about-it/articleshow/93165757.cms|access-date=2022-07-28|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* The production house and Rajan Shahi came into bad light in March 2024 when Rajan Shahi terminated two actors [[Shehzada Dhami]] and Pratiksha Honmukhe, portraying the fourth generation male lead and parallel lead "Armaan Poddar" and "Ruhi Birla Poddar" respectively in ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', citing "unprofessional behavior" and replaced them with [[Rohit Purohit]] and Garvita Sadhwani respectively overnight and the termination and replacements getting backed by few cast members. <ref>{{Cite web|title=From being accused of unprofessional behaviour to getting replaced overnight: All that went down with Yeh Rishta’s Shehzada Dhami and Pratiksha Honmukhe|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-being-accused-of-unprofessional-behaviour-to-getting-replaced-overnight-all-that-went-down-with-yeh-rishtas-shehzada-dhami-and-pratiksha-honmukhe/photostory/108732279.cms|access-date=2024-12-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
*On 14 November 2024, a 32-years-old crew member, Vineet Kumar Mandal who worked as a camera attendant in ''[[Anupamaa]]'' died of electrocution whilst filming. Following which [[All Indian Cine Workers Association|AICWA]] lodged a case against the production house for negligence in safety measures of crew members on sets and trying to suppress the matter by being backed by the channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anupamaa crew member electrocuted on set, dies|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/anupamaa-crew-member-dies-after-being-electrocuted-on-set-9673723/|access-date=2024-11-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
*On 20 December 2024, the production house once again faced a controversy when they suddenly terminated actress Alisha Parveen Khan who was portraying second generation lead "Raahi Kapadia" in ''[[Anupamaa]]'' and got her replaced within few hours by [[Adrija Roy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shivam Khajuria Reveals The REAL Reason Behind Alisha Parveen's Exit: I Spoke To Rajan Sir...|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/shivam-khajuria-reveals-the-real-reason-behind-alisha-parveen-exit-from-anupamaa-i-spoke-to-rajan-sir-article-116528071|access-date=2024-12-21|website=Times Now News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anupamaa: Alisha Parveen Suddenly Replaced By Adrija Roy In Rupali Ganguly’s Show, Says ‘I Am Clueless’|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/anupamaa-alisha-parveen-suddenly-replaced-by-adrija-roy-in-rupali-ganguly-show-says-i-am-clueless-article-116522880|access-date=2024-12-21|website=Times Now News|language=en}}</ref> Regarding her termination Khan said, ''"It is shocking and disappointing. I am not sure what exactly happened and why I am being replaced! Today was my last day on the set of Anupamaa."''<ref>{{Cite web|title=I have no idea why I have been replaced in Anupamaa: Alisha Parveen|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-have-no-idea-why-i-have-been-replaced-in-anupamaa-alisha-parveen/articleshow/116512026.cms|access-date=2024-12-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-14 |title=Rajan Shahi comes out in support of his Anupamaa star Rupali Ganguly amidst her family controversy; says 'You inspire all of us each day, every moment' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajan-shahi-comes-out-in-support-of-his-anupamaa-star-rupali-ganguly-amidst-her-family-controversy-says-you-inspire-all-of-us-each-day-every-moment/articleshow/115266611.cms |access-date=2024-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.directorskutproduction.com/ Official website]
{{Director's Kut Productions}}
* {{instagram|directorskutproduction}}

[[Category:Television production companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2007]]

Prabal

2025-10-14T03:41:05Z

BridgetteBarthol:

{{Short description|India's first long-range revolver}}

{{Infobox weapon
| name = Prabal
| image =
| image_size = 300
| alt =
| caption =
| type = [[Revolver]]
| origin = [[India]]
| is_ranged = Yes
| manufacturer = [[Advanced Weapons and Equipment India]]
| unit_cost = 1.26 - 1.4 Lakh Rupees<ref>{{cite news |title=Prabal, India's lightweight long-range revolver, is here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/prabal-indias-lightweight-long-range-revolver-is-here/articleshow/102845681.cms?from=mdr |access-date=20 August 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
| production_date = 18 August 2023
| mass = ≈ {{cvt|700|g|lb}} ''excluding cartridges''<ref name="180823mint">{{cite news |title=India's first Long Range revolver 'Prabal' to be launched today: Report |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indias-first-long-range-revolver-prabal-to-be-launched-today-by-aweil-report-11692323850455.html |work=mint |date=18 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| length = {{cvt|177.6|mm|in}}
| part_length = {{cvt|76|mm|in}}
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| cartridge =
| cartridge_weight =
| caliber = 0.32 mm
| barrels =
| action =
| rate =
| velocity =
| range = ≈ {{cvt|50|m|yd}}
| ref =
}}

'''Prabal''' is [[India]]'s first long-range [[revolver]] manufactured by the [[Advanced Weapons and Equipment India]] (AWEIL).

== Design ==
With a length of 177.6 mm and having a side swing cylinder, it weighs about 700 grams.

The .32 bore has a firing range of up to 50 metres which is almost double the standard firing range of most revolvers.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's first long-range revolver "Prabal" to be launched this week on August 18 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-first-long-tange-revolver-prabal-to-be-launched-this-week-on-august-18/articleshow/102744511.cms |access-date=18 August 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=15 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prabal: India First Long Range Revolver Set To Be Launched Today - How Is It Different From Other Models |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/prabal-indias-first-long-range-revolver-set-to-be-launched-today-how-is-it-different-from-other-models-gun-license-6235842/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |work=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

This indigenous revolver is accessible to both arms dealers and civilians who possess a valid license in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid rising gun crimes, India launches 1st long-range revolver; makes it accessible for civilians |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/aug/19/amid-rising-gun-crimes-india-launches-1st-long-range-revolver-makes-it-accessible-for-civilians-2606858.html |access-date=20 August 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=19 August 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Arms Act, 1959]]
* [[Ruger GP100]]

* [[Webley Revolver]]
* [[Nidar (revolver)|Nidar]]
* [[Nirbheek]]
* [[Ashani pistol]]
* [[IOF .22 revolver|IOF .22 Revolver]]
* [[Indian Ordnance Factories .32 Revolver|IOF .32 Revolver]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Revolvers of India]]

{{Revolver-stub}}

Mumtaz

2025-09-25T20:02:35Z

BridgetteBarthol: adding a entry

{{About|the given name and surname|the British restaurant and food supply group|Mumtaz Group}}
{{Infobox given name
| name = Mumtaz
| image=
| imagesize=
| caption=
| pronunciation= {{IPA|ar|mumtɑz|}}, {{IPA|ar|momtɑz|}}
| gender =
| meaning = "excellent", "the distinguished" or "the best"
| language = Arabic
| region =
| origin =
| variant = Momtaz
| footnotes =
| wikt =
}}

'''''Mumtaz''''' ({{langx|ar|ممتاز}}) means "excellent" in the [[Arabic language]]. It may be used to signal commendation for an achievement, similar in meaning to [[wikt:bravo|bravo]] and [[wikt:kudos|kudos]].

Derived from it is a personal name commonly used in various countries in the [[Muslim world]], mainly Afghanistan, Brunei, Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Turkey. It can also be used as a female name. ''Mumtazah'' is a related female version.

==People with the given name==
* [[Mumtaz Mahal]] (1593–1631), Indian empress

* [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)]] (born 1947), Indian film actress
* [[Mumtaz (Pakistani actress)]] (born 1948), Pakistani film actress
* [[Madhubala|Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi]] (1933–1969), birth name of Madhubala (1933–1969), Indian film actress
* [[Momtaz Begum]] (born 1974), Bangladeshi folk singer
* [[Mumtaz Begum (actress)]] (born 1923), Indian film actress
* [[Syed Mumtaz Alam Gillani]] (1940–2020), Pakistani politician
* [[Mumtaz Habib]] (born 1987), Afghan cricketer
* [[Momtaz Al Ket]], Egyptian writer
* [[Mumtaz Mufti]] (1905–1995), Pakistani novelist
* [[Mumtaz Mustafa]] (died 2024), Pakistani politician
* [[Mumtaz Hamid Rao]] (1941–2011), Pakistani television journalist and broadcaster
* [[Samad Khan Momtaz os-Saltaneh]] (1869–1954), Iranian diplomat
* [[Mümtaz Sevinç]] (1952–2006), Turkish actor
* [[Mumtaz Sorcar]] (born 1986), Indian actress
* [[Mümtaz Soysal]] (1929–2019), Turkish politician
* [[Mumtaz Shanti]] (1926–1994), Indian actress
* [[Mümtaz Tahincioğlu]] (born 1952), Turkish racing driver

==People with the surname==
* [[Anjana Mumtaz]] (born 1941), Indian actress
* [[Ismail Mumtaz]] (1880–1933), Iranian statesman
* [[Jamshid Momtaz]] (born 1942), Iranian academic
* [[Khawar Mumtaz]] (born 1945), Pakistani women's rights activist
* [[Ruslaan Mumtaz]] (born 1982), Indian actor
* [[Salman Mumtaz]] (1884–1941), Azerbaijani literary scholar and poet

== See also ==
* [[Momtazuddin Ahmed (disambiguation)|Momtazuddin Ahmed]], derived name
* ''[[Shabash (disambiguation)|Shabash]]''

{{given name|type=both}}

[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]
[[Category:Iranian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Turkish masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]

Boti

2025-09-10T14:26:47Z

BridgetteBarthol: added section for accuracy after review

{{italictitle}}
{{for|people named Boti|Boti (given name)}}
{{Short description|South Asian cutting implement}}{{Infobox tool|name=''Boti''|image=Boti with coconut grater.JPG|caption=''Nariyal khuruchni'' (left) and regular ''boti'' (right)|types=Kitchen knife|other_name=''Chulesi'', ''da'', ''dao'', ''hasua''|classification=[[Knife]]|uses=Cutting meat, fish and vegetables}}

'''''botidao''''' also known as '''''chulesi''''', '''''botki''''', '''''dao''''', '''''da''''', '''''aruvamanai''''', '''''chulesi''''', '''''pavshi''''', '''''vili''''', '''''morli''''', '''''pahsul''''' or '''''pirdai''''' is a cutting instrument,<ref>{{cite journal|first= Banerji|last= Chitrita|journal= Gastronomica|date=Spring 2001|pages= 23–26|volume=1|issue=2|title= The Bengali Bonti|doi= 10.1525/gfc.2001.1.2.23}}</ref> most prevalent in [[Nepal]], [[Maharashtra]], [[South India]], [[Bihar]], [[Pakistan]] and the [[Bengal region]],<ref name="Dasgupta2000">{{cite book|author=Dasgupta, M.|title=Calcutta Cookbook: A Treasury of Recipes From Pavement to Place|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQltAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|date=14 October 2000|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-149-1|pages=39–|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=18 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818161024/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQltAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bihar]], [[Tripura]], the [[Barak Valley]] of [[Assam]].

It is a long curved blade that cuts on a platform held down by the foot. Both hands are used to hold whatever is being cut and move it against the blade. The sharper side faces the user.<ref>{{Citation|last=WildFilmsIndia|title=Women cutting vegetables at a Bengali wedding – India|date=2015-02-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky713rmjorA|accessdate=2017-07-26|archive-date=2020-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215105448/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky713rmjorA&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> The method gives excellent control over the cutting process and can be used to cut anything from tiny shrimp to large pumpkins.

==Variations and names==
A larger version of the instrument, with a bigger blade, is used for gutting and cutting fish. Another version of the instrument comprises the ''Nariyal Khuruchni'' (coconut grater) in the form of a flat round top with sharp small shark-like teeth all around it to serrate coconut. ''Dao'' or ''daa'' (one of many variants called in Bangladesh, specifically [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]] and [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]]) is a variation of boti, which is handheld.

The cutting instrument is not unique to [[Bengal]]. It is also used in regions throughout [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is known by different names in different languages. The names in various Indian languages or region are:

* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: বটি (''Boṭi''), Kuruni (''কুরুনি''- coconut grater), Dāo/Dā (''দাও/দা'' - hand-held)
* [[Nepali language|Nepali]]: चुुलेेसी (''Chulesi'')
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அரிவாள்மனை/அருவமனை (''Arivāḷmaṇai''/''Aruvamaṇai''), திருவி (''Tiruvi'' - coconut grater)
* [[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ಈಳಿಗೆಮಣೆ (''Īḷige Maṇe''), ತುರಿಯುವ ಮಣೆ/ತುರಿಯಾ ಮಣೆ (''Turiyuva Maṇe/Turiyā Maṇe'' - coconut grater)
* [[Malayalam]]: ചിരവ (''Chirava'')
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: కత్తిపీట (''Kattipīṭa''), ఈలపీట (''Ēlapīṭa'')
* [[Konkani language|Konkani]]: आदोळी (''Ādoḷi'')
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]]: मोरळी (''Morḷi''), विळी (''Viḷi''- coconut grater)
* [[Odia language|Odia]]: ପନିକି / ପନିଖି (''[[Paniki (cutting instrument)|Paniki]]''/''[[Panikhi]]''), କୋରଣା (''Koråṇā'' - coconut grater)
* [[Maithili language|Maithili]]: হাসু/কত্তা (''Hāsu/Kattā'')
* [[Hindi]]: पिरदाइ (''Pirdāi''), पाहसुल (''Pāhsul'')
* [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]: හිරමන්‍ය (''Hiramanya'' - coconut grater)

== Purpose ==
It is designed for the cooks to sit comfortably on the floor and cut vegetables and meat with one leg folded on the wooden base and the other leg stretched. The coconut scraper is in all states mentioned above who produce and use more coconuts in the cuisine.
==See also==
*[[Dao (Naga sword)]]
*[[Dha (sword)]]
*[[Kukri|Khukri]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Knives|*]]

Rajesh Babu K Sooranad

2025-08-25T04:10:14Z

BridgetteBarthol: pg...

{{Short description|Indian Music director and film producer born 1976}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=December 2023}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=December 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajesh Babu K Sooranad
| image = Rajesh Babu K Sooranad.jpg
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|05|27}}
| birth_place = Kollam, Kerala
| occupation = {{ubl|Music director|Film producer|Screenwriter}}
| years_active = 2015–present
}}

'''Rajesh Babu K Sooranad'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-27 |title=Rajesh Babu K Sooranad - A Maestro's Journey from HR to the Heart of Cinema |url=https://happenrecently.com/rajesh-babu-k-sooranad/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> (born 27 May 1976) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[music director]],<ref>{{Cite web |title='ബ്ലഡ് മൂൺ' സിനിമയിൽ നായികയായി നേഹ സക്‌സേന; വേദിയിൽ തിളങ്ങി താരം |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/photo-gallery/cinema/actress-neha-saxenas-new-movie-blood-moon-latest-pics-from-movie-launch/photoshow/82007447.cms |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> [[film producer]], and [[screenwriter]] working in the [[Malayalam film industry]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times Group epapers - The Times of India epaper, Economic Times epaper, Maharastra Times ePaper, Mirror epaper |url=https://epaper.indiatimes.com/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Take It Easy on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/take-it-easy-2019-malayalam |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-22 |title=സിനിമയിലെ എച്ച് ആർ പ്രൊഫഷണൽ രാജേഷ് ബാബുവിന്‍റെ വേറിട്ട സംഗീത ജീവിതം |url=https://anweshanam.com/entertainment/Rajesh-Babu-HR-professional-in-cinema-distinguished-musica/cid9789067.htm |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=anweshanam.com |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-26 |title=കൂട്ടാണ് ഇവർക്ക് സംഗീതം |url=https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/1.2191355 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Mathrubhumi Archives |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Live To Missing Girl, 5 Exciting Malayalam Films Releasing on May 26 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/live-to-missing-girl-5-exciting-malayalam-films-releasing-on-may-26-7922431.html |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=സംഗീതസംവിധായകനും സിനിമാ നിർമാതാവുമായി മാറിയ എച്ച്ആർ മാനേജർ! |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/features/2022/09/26/story-based-on-hr-manager-rajesh-babu-who-became-the-part-of-film-industry.html |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Filmography
! Year !! Film
|-
| 2016 || Take It Easy<ref>{{Cite news |title=Take It EasyU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/take-it-easy/movieshow/71643230.cms |access-date=2023-12-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Srihalli<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sreehalli Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/sreehalli/movie-review/64507598.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-01 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Mattanchery
|-
| 2017 || Ithirivettom<ref>{{Cite web |title='ബ്ലഡ് മൂൺ' സിനിമയിൽ നായികയായി നേഹ സക്‌സേന; വേദിയിൽ തിളങ്ങി താരം |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/photo-gallery/cinema/actress-neha-saxenas-new-movie-blood-moon-latest-pics-from-movie-launch/photoshow/82007447.cms |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || " Vellaripravukal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-27 |title=സാമ്പാറുണ്ടെന്നു പറഞ്ഞ് കോസ്റ്റ്യൂം വലിച്ചെറിഞ്ഞു, പ്രമോഷനും വന്നില്ല: ജോയ് മാത്യുവിനെതിരെ 'ബൈനറി' സിനിമയുടെ പ്രവർത്തകർ |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-makers-of-the-movie-binary-raise-allegations-against-joy-mathew-mm-604876.html |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=News18 മലയാളം |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || Oru Papadavada Premam
|-
| 2019 || Kakkapponnu
|-
| 2019 || Pullu
|-
| 2020 || Pranayamritham
|-
| 2021 || Anandakalyanam
|-
| 2021 || Perfume- Her Fragrance
|-
| 2023 || Binary<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2022-12-25 |title=Perfume Malayalam Movie OTT Release: Watch Online |url=https://keralaonline.me/perfume-malayalam-movie-ott-release/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Kerala Online |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Bell-um Brake-um
|-
| 2023 || Randam Mukham
|-
| 2023 || Meenakshi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-26 |title=കൂട്ടാണ് ഇവർക്ക് സംഗീതം |url=https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/1.2191355 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Mathrubhumi Archives |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Perfume Movie: കനിഹയും ടിനി ടോമും കേന്ദ്ര കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളാകുന്ന പെർഫ്യൂം നവംബർ പതിനെട്ടിന് തിയേറ്ററുകളിലേക്ക് |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/perfume-malayalam-movie-release-on-november-18-114271 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Zee News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Blood Moon
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm14247128}}

[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Koomapatti

2025-08-17T21:11:17Z

BridgetteBarthol: Started A Details W/ Sources

{{refimprove|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koomapatti
| native_name = கூமாப்பட்டி
| native_name_lang = ta
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_label_position =
| mapframe = 
| coordinates = {{coord|9|38|40|N|77|35|53|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluk
| subdivision_name3 = [[Watrap]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_type = Local government of Tamil Nadu
| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = 
| area_rural_footnotes = 
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| area_note =
| population_total = 12.700
| population_as_of = 2011
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title = 
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank2_km2 = 
| area_total_ha =
| area_land_ha =
| area_water_ha =
| area_urban_ha =
| area_rural_ha =
| area_metro_ha =
| area_blank1_ha =
| area_blank2_ha =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 626133
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| area_codes = 
| iso_code =
| website = [http://123.63.242.116/Koomapatti/ Koomapatti Panchayat]
| module =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}

'''Koomapatti''' or '''Koomapatty''' is a village in [[Watrap|Watrap taluk]] of [[Virudhunagar district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-24 |title=Stray dog goes on biting spree in Koomapatti; 30 persons injured |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/stray-dog-goes-on-biting-spree-in-koomapatti-30-persons-injured/article69732147.ece |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C.S.I.P.S KOOMAPATTI - S.kodikulam District Virudhunagar (Tamil Nadu) |url=https://schools.org.in/virudhunagar/33260800605/c-s-i-p-s-koomapatti.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Schools.org.in}}</ref> It is located in the foothills of the [[Western Ghats]], {{convert|5|km|mi}} west of [[Vathirairuppu]]. Nedungulam, Kansapuram, and Sethunarayanapuram are nearby villages.

==Local landmarks==
Muthalamman Temple<ref>{{cite news|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/news_detail.php?id=61939 |title= கூமாப்பட்டி முத்தாலம்மன் கோயில் |trans-title=Chariot procession at the Koomapatti Muthalamman Temple |language=ta |work=[[Dinamalar]] |year=2016}}</ref> and Sappani Muthaiah Temple are in Koomapatti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2022-03-02 |title=கிராம கோவில்களில் குவிந்த பக்தர்கள் |trans-title=Devotees flock to village temples |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/Districts/2022/03/02020018/Maha-Shivaratri.vpf |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Daily Thanthi |language=ta}}</ref>

Koomapatti is near Pilavakkal Periyar dam, whose impoundment lake has created a beautiful park,<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2025-06-25 |title=இந்த ஊரு எங்கயா இருக்கு... இன்ஸ்டா மூலம் இணையத்தில் ட்ரெண்டாகும் கூமாப்பட்டி |trans-title=Where is this village ... Koomapatti is trending on the internet through Instagram |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/tamilnadu/koomapatti-is-trending-on-the-internet-through-instagram-778021 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Meenakshi Sundaram |title='ஏங்க, கூமாபட்டி வாங்க'... தமிழ்நாட்டின் அழகிய தீவு? இணையத்தில் வைரலாகும் கூமாபட்டி எங்கு இருக்கு? |trans-title= 'Come, buy Koomapatti'... The beautiful island of Tamil Nadu? Where is Koomapatti, which is going viral on the internet? |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/the-beautiful-island-of-tamil-nadu-where-is-the-viral-internet-island-of-koomapatti-9405329 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Tamil Indian Express |language=ta}}</ref>
but in 2025, tourists attracted by social media posts were disappointed because the park was closed following a drowning.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-27 |title=Viral social media post attracts scores of tourists to Koomapatti |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/viral-social-media-post-attracts-scores-of-tourists-to-koomapatti/article69745228.ece |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Virudhunagar district]]

{{TamilNadu-geo-stub}}

Embassy of India, Lima

2025-07-22T16:44:22Z

BridgetteBarthol: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[India–Peru relations]]

Sunit Ghosh

2025-06-02T20:42:51Z

BridgetteBarthol:

{{Short description|Indian cricket umpire (1934–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sunit Ghosh
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Sunit Kumar Ghosh
| birth_date = {{birth date|1934|9|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|7|1934|9|1|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| batting =
| role = Umpire
| umpire = true
| testsumpired = 2
| umptestdebutyr = 1988
| umptestlastyr =
| odisumpired = 7
| umpodidebutyr = 1987
| umpodilastyr = 1989
| wodisumpired = 1
| umpwodidebutyr = 1978
| umpwodilastyr =
| twenty20sumpired =
| umptwenty20debutyr =
| umptwenty20lastyr =
| date = 6 July
| year = 2013
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/29128.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Sunit Ghosh''' (1 September 1934 – 7 November 2021) was an Indian [[umpire (cricket)|cricket umpire]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sarangi|first=Y. B.|title=Former international umpire Sunit Kumar Ghosh passes away|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/sunit-kumar-ghosh-cricket-umpire-dead-international-cab-sports-tests-odi-new-zealand/article37367359.ece|access-date=7 November 2021|publisher=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=7 November 2021|title=Former Intl Umpire Sunit Ghosh dies at 87|work=[[United News of India]]|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/former-intl-umpire-sunit-ghosh-dies-at-87/Sports/news/2556169.html|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> He officiated in nine international fixtures, including two [[Test cricket|Test matches]] in 1988 and seven [[One Day International|ODI games]] between 1987 and 1989.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/29128.html |title= Sunit Ghosh |accessdate=6 July 2013 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Sunit}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Indian Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian One Day International cricket umpires]]
{{India-cricket-bio-1930s-stub}}

Nashik Metropolitan Region Development Authority

2025-05-15T07:22:48Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating initial info added tags

{{Short description|Indian government agency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Nashik Metropolitan Region Development Authority (NMRDA)
| nativename =
| logo = NMRDA Logo.png
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| picture =
| picture_width =
| picture_caption =
| formed = {{start date and age|2018|1|12|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nashikmrda.in/about_us|title= Government of Maharashtra vide Notification No. TPS-1117/212/pra.kra.100/Navi-9, dtd. 12.01.2018.}}</ref>
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Nashik Metropolitan Region]]
| headquarters = Second Floor, Divisional Commissioner Office Campus, Nashik Road, [[Nashik]], 422101
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Urban Development
| chief1_name = Radhakrishna Game<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nashikmrda.in/|title= Home page of NMRDA}}</ref>
| chief1_position = Metropolitan Commissioner
| agency_type = Urban Planning Agency
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| keydocument1 =
| website = https://nashikmrda.in/
| footnotes =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
}}

The '''Nashik Metropolitan Region Development Authority (NMRDA)''' is the Planning and Development Authority for the [[Nashik Metropolitan Region]]. It was notified in the year 2018, making an urban unit in [[Maharashtra]].
NMRDA covers,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nashikmrda.in/list_of_villages|title=Area under Nashik Metropolitan Region Autharity}}</ref> [[Nashik]] city and all Talukas of Nashik: [[Niphad]], [[Sinnar taluka|Sinnar]], [[Dindori, Maharashtra|Dindori]], [[Igatpuri]] and [[Trimbakeshwar]]. NMRDA has been set up as a legally empowered and a self-financing corporate body by the Urban Development Department of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nashikmrda.in/about_us|title=NMRDA has been set up as a legally empowered and a self-financing corporate body by the Urban Development Department of the Government of Maharashtra vide Notification No. TPS-1117/212/pra.kra.100/Navi-9, dtd. 12.01.2018.}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]
* [[Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]
* [[Nagpur Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Urban development authorities in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Maharashtra]]

{{india-gov-stub}}

2011 Union budget of India

2025-04-14T23:42:27Z

BridgetteBarthol: Made the stub first draft

{{Short description|Government budget}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox Government Budget
| title = Union Budget of India
| year = 2011
|image=Emblem_of_India.svg|imagesize=100px|caption=[[Emblem of India]]
| country = India
| previous_budget = 2010 Union budget of India
| previous_year = 2010
| next_budget = 2012 Union budget of India
| next_year = 2012
| date_submitted = 28 February 2011
| submitter = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| passed =
| Total_Revenue =
| Total_Expenditures =
| spending =
| tax_cut =
| debt_payment =
| deficit =
| total debt =
| bill =
| bill_link =
| url = {{url|http://indiabudget.nic.in/}}
}}

The '''2011 [[Union Budget of India]]''' was presented by [[Pranab Mukherjee]], the [[Finance Minister of India]] on 28 February 2011.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/article1497462.ece |title=Business News : Growth, reform-oriented: Manmohan |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 February 2011 |accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref> This budgetary proposals came into effect from 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2012.

== Highlights ==

Some salient features:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/index.asp |title=Union Budget & Economic Survey |publisher=Indiabudget.nic.in |accessdate=1 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902090237/http://www.indiabudget.nic.in/index.asp |archive-date=2 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/union-budget-2011/Budget-2011-Air-travel-eating-out-become-dearer/articleshow/7592516.cms |title=Union Budget 2011: FM pushes for affordable homes; full tax rebate to builders |work=The Times of India|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|agency=Press Trust of India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/article1497339.ece?homepage=true |title=Business / Economy : IT limit raised, senior citizen age limit reduced |work=The Hindu|date=28 February 2011 |accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gangopadhyay |first=Abhrajit |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704288304576171603657164940 |title=Indian Budget Reins in Spending Increases - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=1 March 2011 |accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/union-budget-2011/Highlights-of-Union-Budget-2011-2012/articleshow/7592642.cms |title=Highlights of Union Budget 2011–2012 |work=The Times of India|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>
* Individual income tax exempt slab increased from {{INR}} 160,000 to {{INR}} 180,000
* Overall social sector spending up by 17%, education spending up by 24%
* Direct transfer of subsidy for BPL people for kerosene and LPG. Other government provided subsidies on food, electricity to continue
* Allow foreign investment in SEBI-registered mutual funds
* Defence budget hiked to {{INRConvert|1640|b|nolink=yes}}
* FII investment in corporate bonds raised to US$40 billion
* Tax free bonds of {{INRConvert|300|b|nolink=yes}} for infrastructure building in roadways, railways
* {{INRConvert|60|b}} to Public sector banks to maintain CRAR ([[Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio]])
* Women SHG development fund to be set up
* Rural Infrastructure Development fund to be raised {{INRConvert|180|b|nolink=yes}}
* {{INRConvert|30|b|nolink=yes}} to NABARD for textile development
* 15 mega food parks for vegetables
* {{INR}} 9 billion towards pulses, protein production
* 107 cold storage projects approved to minimise food wastage. Cold storage to be recognised as infrastructure sub-sector
* National Mission for Electric and Hybrid vehicle to be launched
* Self-assessment in customs to be introduced
* Seven mega leather clusters will be set up – [[Jodhpur]] to have handicraft mega cluster
* {{INRConvert|1608070|m|nolink=yes}} for food security. This forms 36 per cent of budget allocation
* {{INRConvert|580|b|nolink=yes}} for various schemes on rural development
* Telecom connectivity to all [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]]s
* [[Anganwadi]] workers will get higher remuneration of {{INR}} 3000 per month, {{INR}} 1500 for Anganwadi helpers
* {{INRConvert|520570|m|nolink=yes}} allocated for education
* {{INRConvert|210|b|nolink=yes}} for primary education to implement free and compulsory education for children
* {{INR}}5 billion+ to various universities across the country
* {{INR}}5 billion for [[National Skill Development Fund]]
* Eligibility of old age pension for BPL reduced to 60 years.
* Pension amount for people aged above 80 years increased to {{INR}} 500
* {{INRConvert|10|b|nolink=yes}} for Judiciary
* Caste based census will be carried out as a separate exercise in June 2011
* 80 years above will come under very senior citizen – a new category with tax exemption up to {{INR}} 500,000
* MAT increased to 18.5%
* Concessional excise duty of 10% for hybrid vehicles
* Customs duty on solar lanterns reduced to 5%
* 1% central excise duty on 130 items (previously exempted from central excise) entering the tax net.

== Taxation ==
Main tax-related changes:

#The basic exemption limit in the case of individuals increased from {{INR}} 160,000 to {{INR}} 180,000. However, there is no increase in basic exemption limit in the case of Resident Women who is below 60 years at any time during the previous year.
#The qualifying age limit for senior citizens has been lowered from 60 years to 65 years and increased the current exemption limit under two categories.
#Category −1 – Age of Individual – 60 years or more but less than 80 years at any time during the previous year. The basic exemption limit is increased from {{INR}} 240,000 to {{INR}} 250,000.
#Category – 2 – Age of Individual beyond 80 years or more at any time during the previous year. The basic exemption limit is {{INR}} 500,000.
#No need to file returns if the Income is less than or equal {{INR}} 500,000.
#In the case of domestic companies the surcharge has been reduced from 7.5% to 5%.
#In the companies other than domestic companies the surcharge has been reduced from 2.5% to 2%.
#The definition of charitable purpose u/s 2 (15) includes "the advancement of any other object of general public utility". The monetary limit in respect of such activities has been enhanced from {{INR}} 1000,000 to {{INR}} 2500,000.
#The amount paid by an assessee as an employer by way of contribution towards pension scheme, as referred to in sec 80CCD(2) on account of an employee to the extent it doesn't exceed 10% of the salary of employee in the previous year, shall be allowed as a deduction u/s 36 in computing the income under the head profit and gains of business or profession.
#The Indian company which receives foreign dividend from foreign subsidiary company such dividend is taxable at the 15% as against 30% plus applicable surcharge.
#The rate of MAT is increased to 18.5% from the existing rate of 18% of such book profit.
#Minimum Alternative Tax has been introduced for Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) in line with MAT on companies with effect from the Assessment Year 2012–2013.
#The Government exempts assesses having no other income other than salary from furnishing the return of income by notification. The proposed amendment shall be effective from 1 June 2011.
#It is proposed to omit the requirement of quoting of Documentary Identification Number in notices / order / correspondences issued by Income tax department.
#The SEZ developers are required to pay dividend distribution tax on dividends declared / distributed on or after 1 June 2011.
#The deduction u/s 80CCF to investment in notified long term infrastructure bonds extended for the A.Y. 2012–13 also.
#Liaison offices of a company will be required to file Annual Information in the prescribed form within the 60 days from the end of the financial year.
#The tax holiday for power sector has been extended for further period of one year i.e. up to 31 March 2012.

'''Service tax'''

#The following two new services have been proposed
##Services by air conditioned restaurants having licence to serve liquor; and
##short term accommodation hotels / inns / clubs / guest houses etc.
#The monetary limit for adjustment of excess service tax paid is increased from {{INR}} 100,000 to {{INR}} 200,000.
#The penalty for delayed payment of service tax u/s 76 has been reduced from 2% to 1% per month or {{INR}} 100 per day whichever is higher.
#The maximum penalty reduced to 50% of the tax.
#The rate of interest is reduced by 3% for assesses with turnover of up to {{INR}} 6 million.
#The maximum penalty for delay in filing of return increased from {{INR}} 2,000 to {{INR}} 20,000.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.finmin.nic.in/index.asp

{{Union budget of India}}

[[Category:Union budgets of India]]
[[Category:2011 in Indian economy]]
[[Category:2011 government budgets|India]]

Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University

2025-04-09T07:42:26Z

BridgetteBarthol: basic fixed article per sources

#REDIRECT [[Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Shillong Cantt Assembly constituency

2025-02-27T13:39:08Z

BridgetteBarthol: Data...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Meghalaya legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Shillong Cantt
| type= SLA
| state = Meghalaya
| established = 1972
| abolished = 1977<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 2,593
| mla = Dhrubanath Joshi
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Shillong Cantt Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Meghalaya]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Dhrubanath Joshi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Shillong Cantt<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhrubanath Joshi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,263 |percentage=69.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dringson E. Shalam |party=Independent politician |votes=353 |percentage=19.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hasting Kharkongor |party=Independent politician |votes=116 |percentage=6.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Markan Lyndem |party=Independent politician |votes=78 |percentage=4.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=910 |percentage=50.28% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,810 |percentage=72.93% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,593 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord missing|Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
{{Meghalaya-geo-stub}}

Mujnai railway station

2024-10-10T12:53:49Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating new pg from scratch

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Mujnai Railway Station
| type = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|25px]] [[Indian Railways]] Station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = NH 31C, Mujnai, Chapaguri, PS - Madarihat, Pin - 735204, Dist - Alipurduar
State: West Bengal
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7270|89.2443|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|95|m|ft}}
| line = [[New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line]]
| other =
| structure =
| platform = 1
| tracks = 2 (broad gauge)
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MJE
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| division = [[Alipurduar railway division|Alipurduar]]
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_dot_label = '''Mujnai Railway Station'''
| map_size = 300
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_caption = Location in [[West Bengal]]##Location in India
}}
'''Mujnai railway station'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Departures from Mujnai Railway Station|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/departures/mujnai-mje/7540|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> is the railway station which serves the town of Sishubari, along with tea gardens like Mujnai, Chapaguri, Gopalpur, Dumchi, Khairbari, Ramjhora in [[Alipurduar district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It lies in the [[New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]] zone, [[Alipurduar railway division]]. Local trains along with some important trains like [[Siliguri–Alipurduar Intercity Express]] etc. are available at this station.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Alipurduar district]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Mandasa Road railway station

2024-07-30T06:03:56Z

BridgetteBarthol: creating some post nd citations

{{Short description|Railway station in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Mandasa Road railway station
| type = [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger train]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Mandasa road railway station name board.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Mandasa road railway station name board
| address = Suvarnapuram, Mandasa Road, [[Srikakulam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.840628|84.494113|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India Andhra Pradesh
| elevation = {{cvt|35|m}}
| line = [[Howrah–Chennai main line]]
| other =
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 4
| tracks = 4
| entrances =
| parking =
| opened = 1899
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MMS
| zone = [[East Coast Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Khurda Road}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = East Coast Railway
| status = {{color|green|Functioning}}
| former = [[East Coast State Railway]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_locator =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=East Coast Railway zone|left=Baruva|right=Summadevi|to-left=Howrah Junction|to-right=Chennai Central|type=[[Howrah–Chennai main line]]}}
}}
{{ Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section|collapse=y}}

'''Mandasa Road railway station''' is a railway station on [[Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section]], part of the [[Howrah–Chennai main line]] under [[Khurda Road railway division]] of [[East Coast Railway zone]]. It is situated at Suvarnapuram, Mandasa Road in [[Srikakulam district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=M|first=Yash|title=Mandasa Road Railway Station Map/Atlas ECoR/East Coast Zone – Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/mandasa-road-mms/2098|access-date=2020-08-04|website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MMS / Mandasa Road Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Mandasa Road|url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/MMS/|access-date=2020-08-04|website=Total Train Info}}</ref>

==History==
In between 1893 and 1896, the coastal railway track from [[Cuttack Junction railway station|Cuttack]] to [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada]] was built and opened to traffic by [[East Coast State Railway]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|title=South Eastern Railway|date=1 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|url-status=live|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=2013-04-01}}</ref> The route was electrified in several phases. Khurda–Visakhapatnam section was completely electrified by 2002 and Howrah–Chennai route was fully electrified in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history7.html|title=Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Part 7|publisher=IRFCA|url-status=dead|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930162146/https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history7.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1899]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Srikakulam district]]
[[Category:Khurda Road railway division]]

{{AndhraPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Bellary district

2023-02-27T12:30:04Z

BridgetteBarthol: added info

#REDIRECT [[Ballari district]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from alternative name}}
{{R from move}}
}}

Nakul (actor)

2022-07-16T01:39:20Z

BridgetteBarthol: slightly expanded citations based on references and cleaned formatting for clarity

#REDIRECT [[Nakkhul]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Indian Army Remount and Veterinary Corps

2021-12-14T06:12:16Z

BridgetteBarthol: slightly refined page based on references

#REDIRECT [[Remount Veterinary Corps]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Mahatma Gandhi bus station, Hyderabad

2021-03-16T18:59:14Z

BridgetteBarthol: Made the details w/ infobox

#REDIRECT [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}