Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Kannada grammar

2026-05-08T15:47:45Z

BrianSop: creating the details added tags

{{Short description|Grammar of the Kannada language}}
'''Kannada grammar''' ({{langx|kn|ಕನ್ನಡ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ}}) is the set of structural rules of the [[Kannada language]], which has a long native tradition dating back to [[Kesiraja|Kēśirāja]]'s treatise, the ''[[Shabdamanidarpana|Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa]]'' ("The Jewel Mirror of Language") c. 1260 CE).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kēśirāja |title=ಶಬ್ದಮಣಿದರ್ಪಣಂ |date=1897 |publisher=Kanarese Mission Book and Tract Depository |year=1897 |edition=3rd |location=Mangaluru, IN |publication-date=1920 |language=kn |trans-title=The Jewel Mirror of Language}}</ref> The ''Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa'' continues to be cited by modern writers of literary Kannada.<ref name="GS Gai">''Studies in Indian History, Epigraphy, and Culture'' – By Govind Swamirao Gai, pp. 315</ref><ref name="F. Kittel, 'A Grammar of the Kannada Language'">''A Grammar of the Kannada Language'' F.Kittel (1993), pp. 3</ref> Kannada prior to the 13th century is generally known as ಹಳೆಗನ್ನಡ (''haḷegannaḍa''), "[[Old Kannada]]", in modern scholarship, while the medieval language before the 18th century CE is known as ನಡುಗನ್ನಡ (''naḍugannaḍa''),"Middle Kannada" or ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಕನ್ನಡ (''madhyakālīna kannaḍa'') "Medieval Kannada". In the premodern tradition, Kēśirāja's work remained the literary standard for the Kannada language for centuries until the colonial era when Modern Kannada (ಹೊಸಗನ್ನಡ ''hosagannaḍa'') became systematized for the first time.

Evidence of earlier authorities include portions of the ''[[Kavirajamarga|Kavirājamārga]]'' (a treatise on Kannada literary aesthetics) of the 9th century CE. Sanskrit grammars of Kannada also exist, drawing on the Sanskrit tradition of Pāṇinī. These include the ''Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa'' of [[Nagavarma II]], composed prior to Kēśirāja (12th century CE), and the ''Karṇāṭaka Śabdānuśāsana'' of Bhaṭṭākalaṅka Dēva was composed in the 16th century CE.<ref name="F. Kittel, 'A Grammar of the Kannada Language'" /> Later commentaries on ''Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa'' include the 16th century ''Sūtrānvayaratnamāle'' of Liṅgaṇārādhya and the 18th century commentary by Niṣṭhūra (or Niṭṭūru) Nañjayya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kedilaya |first=A. Shanker |title=Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa of Kēśirāja with commentary of Liṅgaṇārādhya |date=1973 |publisher=Madras University |year=1973 |location=Madras, IN |publication-date=1973 |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Narasimhacharya |first=R. |title=ಕರ್ಣಾಟಕ ಕವಿ ಚರಿತೆ |date=1929 |publisher=Bangalore Press |year=1929 |location=Bangalore, IN |publication-date=1929 |pages=36 |language=kn |trans-title=History of Karnataka's Poets}}</ref>

The first treatise on Kannada grammar in English was written in 1864 by [[Thomas Hodson|Rev. Thomas Hodson]], a Wesleyan missionary, as ''An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language.''<ref name="Grammar">{{cite book|last1=Hodson|first1=T|title=An Elementary Grammar of Kannada or Canarese Language|date=1864|publisher=Wesleyan Mission Press|location=Bangalore|isbn=9785873933433|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozwLAwAAQBAJ&q=An+Elementary+Grammar+of+the+Kannada%2C+or+Canarese+Language&pg=PP1|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Rev. Ferdinand Kittel's ''A Grammar of the Kannada Language in English'' remains an authority on the history of the Kannada language, documenting and comparing the ancient, middle and modern stages of Kannada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kittel |first=Ferdinand |title=A Grammar of the Kannada Language in English |date=1903 |publisher=Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository |year=1903 |location=Mangalore, IN |publication-date=1903 |language=en}}</ref> Modern authorities of Kannada include [[T. V. Venkatachala Sastry|T.V. Venkatachalashastry]], who has written a commentary on the ''Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa'', called the ''Darpaṇavivaraṇa,'' and [[T. N. Srikantaiah|T.N. Srikantaiah]], a Kannada educator and scholar who wrote ''An Intermediate Grammar of Kannada.''<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Sreekantaiah |first=T.N. |title=ಕನ್ನಡ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ |date=1939 |publisher=Gita Book House |year=1939 |isbn=1234103672 |location=Bangalore, IN |publication-date=2012 |language=kn |trans-title=An Intermediate Grammar of Kannada}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Venkatachalashastry |first=T.V. |title=ದರ್ಪಣವಿವರಣ |date=2016 |publisher=Sapna Book House |year=2016 |isbn=9788128011832 |edition=2nd |location=Bangalore, IN |publication-date=2010 |language=kn |trans-title=An Exposition of the Mirror}}</ref> While many dialects with variant usages exist, the standard form of literary Kannada derived from the grammatical tradition is described here.

== Nouns==

=== Gender, number, and animacy ===
Modern literary Kannada nouns are distinguished as human and non-human. This is a feature known as [[animacy]] or [[Tamil language#Morphology|rationality in Tamil]], and is found across other Dravidian languages.<ref>Ferdinand Kittel, pp. 39</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Steever |first=Sanford B. |title=The Dravidian languages |date=1998 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-10023-6 |editor-last=Steever |editor-first=Sanford B. |edition=2nd |series=Routledge language family descriptions |location=London ; New York |publication-date=2020 |pages=195 |language=en |chapter=Kannaḍa}}</ref> Animate nouns can be marked with the masculine or feminine [[grammatical gender|gender]], though only certain, native Kannada roots and pronouns require an explicit gender marker. Human beings, deities, and personified animals are treated as animate, while all other nouns are considered inanimate and grammatically neuter (including animals that have biological sex and mass nouns including people). Infants and young children are also typically referred to in the neuter before they can express themselves.{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=11}}

While there are several derivational suffixes that can mark gender, such as ''-iga/-iti'' (m./f.), the most common suffixes are the gender-number markers ''-n, -ḷ, -(a)r,'' and ''-gaḷ''. The suffixes ''-n'' and ''-ḷ'' mark the masculine and feminine singular, though this depends on the root. For nouns of Sanskrit origin, the ''-ḷ'' ending can be used to derive a feminine noun, but this is often considered archaic in modern Kannada, especially for nouns that are already semantically feminine (ex. ''strī'' "woman").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zydenbos |first=Robert J. |title=A Manual of Modern Kannada |date=2020 |publisher=CrossAsia eBooks |isbn=978-3-946742-82-1 |location=Heidelberg |pages=44}}</ref> Native Kannada nouns too will opt to use the ''-n'' as an epicene (not marking gender) singular, even though verbs and other elements of a sentence may convey a semantically feminine subject.{{sfn|Sreekantaiya|2012|p=58}}

The suffixes ''-(a)r'' and ''-gaḷ'' are both epicene but are partially distinguished by animacy. Only human nouns can take ''-(a)r'', but ''-gaḷ'' can be taken by all nouns. Nouns ending in ''-a'' tend to take the ''-(a)r'' plural, while all others take ''-gaḷ.''<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Venkatachalashastry |first=T.V. |title=ಹೊಸಗನ್ನಡ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಛಂದಸ್ಸು ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾವಹಾರಿಕ ಕನ್ನಡ |last2=Ganesh |first2=K.R. |last3=Ashwathanarayana |first3=G. |date=2014 |publisher=Kannada Sahitya Parishattu |year=2014 |location=Bengaluru, IN |publication-date=2014 |pages=11-15 |language=kn |trans-title=Grammar and Prosody of New Kannada and Kannada in Common Use}}</ref> Both endings can also be used to convey an honorific plural, where the marked noun may be singular, but is treated as grammatically plural to convey respect. A doubled plural combining ''-(a)r'' and ''-gaḷ'' is not uncommon for titles and nouns referring to respected persons (ex. ''rājarugaḷu'').{{sfn|Sreekantaiya|2012|p=37}} Furthermore, some nouns can appear with either plural: ''strīyaru'' and ''strīgaḷu'' both occur. (The ''a'' in ''-(a)r'' is added in the case of noun roots that don't already end in ''-(a'').)

There is also the kinship plural ''-andir'', which is used exclusively with nouns of Kannada origin that mark family relations (one exception is ''bhāvandiru'' "brothers-in-law".) Adjectives marked in the plural can also take the neuter plural ending ''-(a)vu'' when qualifying a head noun that is plural or when marking an otherwise unspecified plural subject (ex. "the big ones"). Mass nouns and other phrases which denote plurals semantically are often treated as grammatically singular, a principle known as ''jātyēkavacana'' (the "categorical singular")''.{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=12}}''

=== Noun declension ===
Kannada has six morphologically distinct cases: [[nominative case|nominative,]] [[accusative case|accusative,]] [[instrumental case|instrumental,]] [[dative case|dative,]] [[genitive case|genitive,]] and [[locative case|locative]].{{sfn|Steever|2020|p=196}} Traditional grammarians have listed the [[ablative case|ablative]] as a separate case function, having modeled Kannada grammar on the Sanskrit tradition, though the instrumental encompasses this meaning.{{sfn|Zydenbos|2020|p=108-109}} Ashwathanarayana et al recommend the use of the postposition ''dese'' ("origin", "cause") in the instrumental to distinguish the ablative in Kannada, but add that it is not a case ending.''{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=14}}'' Sreekantaiya points out that the ablative is not regularly used in this way either.{{sfn|Sreekantaiya|2012|p=50-51}} The [[vocative case|vocative]] is also sometimes considered an eighth case, but is usually treated as an application of the ''-e/ē'' of emphasis (''avadhāraṇa'') to the nominative case.''{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=13}}'' The vocative can be expressed by lengthening the final vowel of a noun as well, or in the plural, with the specifically vocative endings ''-a/ā'' and ''-ir/irā'', which are usually appended to the nominative.{{sfn|Sreekantaiya|2012|p=56-57}}

==== Declensional classes and augments ====
Kannada has six declensional classes, some of which are historically described in the ''Śabdamaṇidarpaṇa'' and the grammatical tradition. They are broadly defined by the augments (''āgama'' ) taken to form the oblique, which are stem forms that receive case endings (''pratyaya''). There are five augments: "zero" (marked Ø), ''d, in, aṇ,'' and ''ar.'' The "zero" class is called as such because traditional grammars describe the roots' declensions as resulting from ''[[sandhi]],'' and thus don't require an augment. Some Old Kannada roots referring to persons had obligatory gender-number markers, which are not usually indicated in the modern language outside of written contexts.''{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=13}}'' The "zero" class assumes the presence of ''-n, -ḷ, -(a)r,'' ''-gaḷ,'' or ''-andir'' in the root to be declined.

The declensional classes derive from their Old Kannada syllable structure, which has changed over time. Many words in Modern Kannada, through its medieval stage, underwent [[epenthesis]] by inserting ''i'' and ''u'' at the ends of certain consonant-final syllables. In Old Kannada, [[Sonorant|sonorant consonants]] were permitted at the ends of word roots, and along with short and long root vowels, defined the declensional classes. These sonorants have ''-u'' appended at the end in the modern language. The following table explains these classes and their obliques, summarizing B. Ramachandra Rao's description.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=B. Ramachandra |title=A Descriptive Grammar of Pampa Bhārata |date=1972 |publisher=Prasārānga University of Mysore |year=1972 |location=Mysuru, IN |publication-date=1972 |pages=46-50 |language=en}}</ref> The augments have been bolded below, and implied augments in the "zero" class have been put in parentheses.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Subtype
!Characteristics
!Oblique augment
!Example
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Class I'''
|1a
|Roots that take gender-number markers, including third person pronoun roots ''ava-'' and ''āta-''
| rowspan="3" |Ø
|tamma('''n''') ("younger brother")
ava('''ḷ''') ("she")
arasa('''r''') ("king(s)")

bandhu('''gaḷ''') ("relatives")
|-
|1b
|Roots with final ''-ṇ, -n, y, l,'' and ''ḷ''
|kāl ("leg")
kaṇ ("eye")
|-
|1c
|Inanimate nouns with disyllabic roots with final -''i'' and ''-e''
|giḷi('''y''') ("parrot")
tale('''y''') ("head")
|-
|'''Class II'''
|
|Roots ending in ''-u'' or -''ū''
| -''in''
|kāḍu ("forest") -> kāḍ'''in'''
hū ("flower") -> hūv'''in'''
|-
|'''Class III'''
|
|Sanskrit nouns and inanimate, native Kannada nouns with final ''-a''
| -''v/d''
|mēgha('''v''')/mēgha'''d''' ("cloud")
mara('''v''')/mara'''d''' ("tree")
|-
|'''Class IV'''
|
|Native Kannada nouns indicating directions and location
| -''aṇ''
|keḷage ("down/below") -> kelag'''aṇ'''
mūḍu ("east") -> mūḍ'''aṇ'''
|-
|'''Class V'''
|
|Roots denoting number
| -''ar''
|ondu -> ond'''aṟ'''
|-
|'''Class VI'''
|
|Pronominal roots in the first and second person
|short and long roots in different cases
|'''nān''' ("I") ~ '''nan'''
'''nāv''' ("we") ~ '''nam'''
|}
In Modern Kannada, some of these classes are obsolete, particularly in everyday speech. Class Ib and IV tend to be declined as members of Class II, though erudite speakers may continue to use the older augments to emulate the classical language (particularly in writing). Kittel notes that in some places, the genitive form of Class IV nouns (i.e. the stem + ''-aṇa'') has fossilized as a noun unto itself, which is then declined in Class III due to the ''-a'' final.''{{sfn|Kittel|1903|p=61}}'' The currency of Class V varies from place to place, also sometimes merged in Class II. Nouns of Class 1a tend to be given in dictionaries without their gender-number marker, requiring the speaker to know which marker to apply.

==== Case Endings and Sandhi ====
Case endings in Kannada are appended to the oblique stem described above. Different classes' oblique stem are used for different cases. The oblique is obligatory in all cases for Class I nouns, whereas the other classes only require the oblique in the instrumental-ablative, dative, genitive, and locative.

Each ending comes in an abstract form that may undergo ''sandhi'' in contact with the oblique stem. The dative case mark ''-i(ge)'' sometimes undergoes ''sandhi'' due to the contact of ''-ge'' with the stem (becoming ''-kke''), and elsewhere does not due to the interceding ''-i''. Similar to the implied ''sandhi'' of Class I, Class III nouns take ''-v'' before case endings, which is not considered an augment, but a natural product of ''sandhi'' between the final ''a'' and vowel-initial case endings. Notice also that oblique of any class with a short root vowel and final sonorant doubles its final consonant before a vowel-initial case ending. This made a rule from Old Kannada (where the final sonorants of short vowels double before vowel-initial endings) a permanent change in Modern Kannada. It is for this reason that such nouns are often declined as Class II nouns in the modern language, as the root form is no longer visible.

The various declensions are described below, with the case ending bolded, and hyphenated where ''sandhi'' occurs.
{| class="wikitable"
|
! colspan="9" |Class
|-
! Case
!Ending
! '''Ia'''
!Ib
!Ic
!II
!III
!IV
!V
!VI
|-
! nominative
| -u
| tamman'''u'''
|kaṇṇ-'''u'''
|giḷiy-'''a'''
|kāḍ-'''u'''
|mara'''v-u'''
|mūḍ-'''u'''
|ond-'''u'''
|nān'''u'''
|-
! accusative
| -annu/anna
| tamman'''annu'''
|kaṇṇ-'''annu'''
|giḷiy-'''a'''
|kāḍ-'''annu'''
|mara'''v-annu'''
|mūḍ-'''annu'''
|ond-'''annu'''
|nann'''-annu'''
|-
! instrumental-ablative
| -inda
| tamman'''inda'''
|kaṇṇ-'''inda'''
|giḷiy-'''inda'''
|kāḍin'''inda'''
|marad-'''inda'''
|mūḍaṇ'''inda'''
|ondar-'''inda'''
|nann-'''inda'''
|-
! dative
| -(i)ge
| tamman'''ige'''
|kaṇṇ-'''ige'''
|giḷi'''ge'''
|kāḍ-'''ige'''
|mara-'''kke'''
|mūḍaṇ'''ige'''
|ondar'''ige'''/
ond-'''akke'''
|nan'''age'''*
|-
! genitive
| -a
| tamman'''a'''
|kaṇṇ-'''a'''
|giḷiy-'''a'''
|kāḍin'''a'''
|marad'''a'''
|mūḍaṇ'''a'''
|ondar'''a'''
|nann-'''a'''
|-
! locative
| -alli
| tamman'''alli'''
|kaṇṇ-'''alli'''
|giḷiy-'''alli'''
|kāḍin'''alli'''
|marad'''alli'''
|mūḍaṇ'''alli'''
|ondar'''alli'''
|nann-'''alli'''
|-
! vocative
| -ē
| tamman'''ē'''
|kaṇṇ-'''ē'''
|giḷiy-'''ē'''
|kāḍ'''ē'''
|mara-'''vē'''
|mūḍ'''ē'''
|ond-'''ē'''
|nān-'''ē'''
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Exceptional case where ''sandhi'' does not double the final sonorant and changes the ''-i'' to ''-a''. This occurs in all nouns of this class (ex. ''nīnu -> ninage'', ''nāvu'' -> ''namage''). Note in the case of ''nāvu'' ("we") and ''nīvu'' ("you" pl.), the final ''v'' becomes ''m'' in its short oblique, a remnant of Old Kannada, where ''m'' and ''v'' often alternate.

==== Case variation and compound cases ====
In addition to the cases listed above, Kannada exhibits what grammarians call "case variation" (''vibhakti-pallaṭa'').''{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=15}}'' Recognized as early as Kēśirāja, this phenomenon refers to the use of one case for the meaning of another.''{{sfn|Kēśirāja|1920|p=sūtras 134-135}}'' This was much more common in Middle Kannada, especially in vernacular poetry. For example, the accusative may be used in the sense of the locative (particularly as a destination), and the locative in the sense of the instrumental. This tends to vary dialectically and it is difficult to establish strict patterns for its occurrence.

Relatedly, Kannada also has a number of postpositions that compound or extend the basic case forms, such as ''kaiyalli'' (lit. "in the hand", idiomatically "by means of"), the dative followed by ''ōskara,'' expressing "for the sake of", or the dative with ''-inta'' ("in this way", "therefrom") forming the comparative.''{{sfn|Steever|2020|p=201}}'' ''{{sfn|Ashwathanarayana|Ganesh|p=25-26}}'' These also tend to vary dialectically, and are not typically acknowledged in the grammatical tradition.

== Adjectives ==

Kannada adjectives (''guṇavācaka'') are unique in that only around fifty native roots function as true adjectives, not including Sanskrit loans. Numbers and demonstrative adjectives (''ī'' "this" and ''ā'' "that") can be used to indicate definiteness, though attributive use of nouns and adjectives is more common. Native roots can be used to modify nouns by appending ''-u'' and ''-(a)vu'' to ''-i/e'' final roots and (''a'')''du'' and -''(a'')''duvu'' to ''-a/u'' final and sonorant-final roots respectively as number-agreeing markers, though this is not obligatory in speech. It is required, however, when used as standalone nouns, especially if they refer to persons marked with a pronoun: ''cikkavaḷu'' ("she who is younger") or ''eḷeyavaru'' ("they who are short").{{sfn|Sreekantaiya|2012|p=39-41}}

In the modern colloquial language, there exists a holdover from Middle Kannada, where the final vowel of disyllabic adjectives can be lengthened when they agree with a stated noun (ex. ''biḷī kūdalu'' "white hair") for ''biḷiya kūdalu''). Similarly, some sonorant-final adjectives (vis à vis Old Kannada) and ''-a/u'' final adjectives take a long ''ē'' (ex. ''oḷḷē mātu'' "kind words" for ''oḷḷu matu'').

Kittel points out that many Kannada adjectives, whether Sanskrit or native in origin, behave partly like nouns.''{{sfn|Kittel|1903|p=250}}'' Sanskrit nouns in particular tend to use the past participle ಆದ ''-āda'' ("which became/is") to modify a noun, or else use an adjective directly borrowed from Sanskrit.

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಸುಂದರವಾದ ಹೆಂಗಸು
|sundaravāda hengasu
|a beautiful woman}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಿನ
|aitihāsika dina
|a historic day}}

== Verbs (ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳು) ==

Like nouns, Kannada verbal roots (''dhātu'') or "themes" (in Kittel's description) are distributed across different classes or groups (''gaṇa''), based primarily on their syllabic structure, as is the case in other Dravidian languages.''{{sfn|Kittel|1903|p=22-29}}'' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Steever |first=Sanford B. |title=The Dravidian Languages |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-315-72258-0 |edition=2nd |location=Abingdon, OX |publication-date=1998 |pages=22 |language=en |chapter=Introduction to the Dravidian Langauges}}</ref> Kannada verbs are conjugated for tense, aspect, person, number, and gender (in the third person), taking various personal endings. Like other Dravidian languages, Kannada's tense is distinguished primarily as past and non-past, though there are finer distinctions made in the literary language compared with the spoken language.''{{sfn|Steever|2020|p=203}}'' Aspect is often conveyed by periphrastic forms that combine a basic tense with participles to form more complex meanings.''{{sfn|Steever|2020|p=206}}'' Certain dialects of Northern Kannada, such as Dharwar Kannada, preserve certain forms of Middle Kannada that are not found in Southern Kannada.

=== Verbal roots and conjugational classes ===
Kannada verbs fall into one of six classes, based on the way they form their past participle. The specific patterns of each class result from ''sandhi'' that occurred in Old and Middle Kannada, where the boundary between the past sign and the root was more evident. The basic past sign is -''(i)du,'' which is suffixed to any verb root, and may undergo ''sandhi''.

The table below describes verb classes, principally drawing on B. Ramachandra Rao's description of Old Kannada, and making adjustments for Modern Kannada.''{{sfn|Rao| 1972|p=112-120}}'' The main difference between Old Kannada and Modern Kannada roots is the addition of an ''-u'' at the end of roots, the removal of which usually reveals the root form (bolded) that causes ''sandhi'' in the past sign.''{{sfn|Kittel|1903|p=23}}''
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Subtype
!Characteristics of Stem and Past Participle
!Examples with past participle
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Class I'''
|1a
|Monosyllabic, short root vowels ending in -''l, -r,'' and -''ḷ''; past participle has a geminate dental stop
|'''ir'''u "to be/exist" -> iddu, '''aḷ'''u "to cry" -> attu
|-
|1b
|Monosyllabic, long root vowel with sonorant finals; past participle simply takes ''-idu'' without ''sandhi''
|'''kēḷ'''u "to listen/hear" -> kēḷidu
|-
|1c
|Disyllabic, short ''i'' or ''e'' as the root vowel, with sonorant final; past participle simply takes ''-idu'' without ''sandhi''
|'''usir'''u "to breathe" -> usiridu
|-
|1d
|Disyllabic, short ''a'' or ''u'' as the root vowel, with sonorant final or sonorant in the final syllable; past participle takes ''-itu'' without
|'''kavar'''u "to seize" -> kavaritu
'''kuri''' "to aim/intend" -> kuritu
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Class II'''
|IIa
|Long root vowel with no final consonant; past participle takes ''-du'' without the ''-i'' augment (in literary Kannada)
|'''kā'''yu "to wait/become hot" -> kādu (literary)/kāyidu (spoken)
|-
|IIb
|Final ''-i/e'' and takes ''-du'' without the ''-i'' augment; in the 3rd person neuter, the past sign is dropped (''kuri'' does this exceptionally, despite being in Class 1d)
|'''ari''' "to know/understand" -> aridu
'''tiḷi''' "to be clear/know" -> tiḷidu
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Class III'''
|IIIa
|Disyllabic with long root vowel, geminate, or cluster before final ''-u;'' past participle takes ''-idu''
|'''kūḍu''' "to meet" -> kūḍidu
|-
|IIIb
|Disyllabic with a short root vowel and voiced consonant in final syllable; past participle devoices and geminates the stop without taking ''-idu'' (in literary Kannada)
|'''nagu''' "to laugh" -> nakku (literary)/nakkidu (spoken)
|-
|IIIc
|Trisyllabic with final ''-u''; past participle takes ''-idu''
|'''maḍasu''' "to fold" -> maḍasidu
|-
|IIId
|Monosyllabic, short root vowel with final ''-y, -n, -ṇ, -r, -l,'' and ''-ḷ'' (''aḷu'' is exceptional), past participle forms with nasal and ''-du'', retroflexing if the final is ''-ḷ''
|'''tin'''nu "to eat" -> tindu
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Class IV'''
|IVa
|Short ''e/o'' in the root with ''-ḍu, -ru,'' or ''-su'' as the final syllable; past participle ending becomes ''-ṭṭu, -ttu,'' and ''-ccu'' respectively
|'''koḍu''' "to give" -> koṭṭu
'''teru''' "to pay" -> tettu
'''bisu''' "to solder" -> beccu
|-
|IVb
|Short root vowels (other than ''e'' or ''o'') with ''-ḍu'' as the final syllable; past participle is ''-ṭṭu''
|'''iḍu''' "to place" - iṭṭu
'''suḍu''' "to burn" -> suṭṭu
|-
|'''Class V'''
|Va
|Long root vowel with final ''ḷ'' and ''ṇ''; past participle shortens root vowel and takes a geminate dental stop or nasalized retroflex stop
|'''ēḷ'''u "to rise/get up" -> eddu
'''kāṇ'''u "to see/be seen" -> kaṇḍu
|-
|
|Vb
|Long root vowel with final ''l'' and ''r''; past participle drops the final and takes ''-tu''
|'''sōl'''u "to lose" -> sōtu
'''kūr'''u "to sit" -> kūtu
|-
|
|Vc
|Long root vowel without a final consonant; past participle takes ''-tu''
|'''hū'''vu "to bloom" -> hūtu
|-
|
|Vd
|Long vowel with irregular ''y'' glide; past participle shortens the final vowel and glide becomes ''t'' before ''du'', forming a voiceless geminate dental stop
|'''sāy'''u "to die" -> sattu
'''īy'''u "to give/grant" -> ittu
|-
|'''Class VI'''
|a
|Irregular roots ''taru, baru,'' and ''mīyu'' ; past participle takes a nasal with ''-du''
|'''baru''' -> bandu
'''taru''' -> tandu
'''mī'''yu -> mindu
|-
|
|b
|Irregular roots ''hōgu'' and ''āgu''; past participle forms with ''-du'' but replaces -''gu'' with ''-yi'' in the 3rd person neuter'','' and the converb forms with ''-gi''
|'''hōgu''' -> hōgi/hōyi/hōdu
'''āgu''' -> āgi/āyi/ādu
|}

=== Finite verb forms (ಆಖ್ಯಾತರೂಪಗಳು) ===

Kannada verbs have several forms: an affirmative form (ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ), a contingent-future, or potential, form (ಸಂಭಾವರೂಪ), an imperative form (ವಿಧಿರೂಪ), and a negative form (ನಿಷೇಧರೂಪ).<ref name=":5">Spencer, Harold, and W. Perston. ''A Kanarese Grammar: With Graduated Exercises''. Mysore: Printed at the Wesley, 1950. Print.</ref> The contingent-future form expresses the idea of the possibility of an action's occurrence at the present or in the future; the imperative form commands, exhorts, or optates.

As in English, the three tenses (ಕಾಲಗಳು) include the present tense (ವರ್ತಮಾನಕಾಲ), the past tense (ಭೂತಕಾಲ), and the future tense (ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತುಕಾಲ). However, distinct forms for each of these tenses exist only in the affirmative form.<ref name=":0">Hodson, Thomas. ''An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada Language''. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1979. Print.</ref> The imperative form, as in English, lacks tense, and because of the meaning of the contingent-future form, it also lacks tense distinctions. The negative form is peculiar, for its forms can possess a present-tense, past-tense, or future-tense meaning, to be inferred from context; in the modern dialect, other modes of [[negation (grammar)|negation]] are employed.

There are two grammatical aspects (ಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳು) of verbs—the perfect aspect (ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಚಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ), in which the action has already occurred at the time expressed by the tense of the verb, and the progressive aspect (ಗತಿಸೂಚಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ), in which the action is ongoing at the time expressed by the tense of the verb.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Kittel, Ferdinand. ''A Grammar of the Kannaḍa Language in English: Comprising the Three Dialects of the Language (ancient, Mediæval and Modern)''. Mangalore: Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository, 1903. Print.</ref>

The expression of voice (ಪ್ರಯೋಗ) in Kannada is quite different than in English, but the same two voices exist in both languages—the active voice (ಕರ್ತರೀ ಪ್ರಯೋಗ) and the passive voice (ಕರ್ಮಣಿ ಪ್ರಯೋಗ).<ref name=":5" />

Finite Kannada verbs are conjugated for all these properties as well as three properties of the subject: person (ಪುರುಷ), number (ವಚನ), and gender (ಲಿಂಗ).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> There are three persons in Kannada as in English: thefirst person (ಉತ್ತಮ ಪುರುಷ), the second person (ಮಧ್ಯಮ ಪುರುಷ), and the third person (ಪ್ರಥಮ ಪುರುಷ)—as well as a singular number (ಏಕವಚನ) and a plural number (ಬಹುವಚನ). Whether a noun is of the masculine gender (ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಗ), of the feminine gender (ಸ್ತ್ರೀಲಿಂಗ), or of the neuter gender (ನಪುಂಸಕಲಿಂಗ) is decided semantically. All nouns denoting male entities, including entities personified—for example, religiously—as male entities, are masculine, and all feminine nouns denote female entities or femalely personified entities; the remaining nouns fall into the neuter gender.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Schiffman, Harold F. ''A Reference Grammar of Spoken Kannada''. Seattle: U of Washington, 1983. Print.</ref>

=== Non-finite verb forms (ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳ ಅವ್ಯಯರೂಪಗಳು) ===

The first non-finite verb form is the infinitive form (ಭಾವರೂಪ). There are three infinitives, which vary in their uses and their endings.
Other than the infinitive, Kannada has two types of participle—an adjectival participle (ಕೃದ್ವಾಚಿ) and an adverbial participle (ಕ್ರಿಯಾನ್ಯೂನ). While the present participle of English can function both adjectivally and adverbially, and the past participle can function only adjectivally, Kannada participles’ functions are quite consistent.
The Kannada adjectival participle is peculiar, for it takes the place of the relative pronoun that introduces a restrictive relative clause, the verb of the relative clause, and if the relative pronoun is a prepositional complement, of the governing preposition. There is a present-future adjectival participle, as well as a past adjectival participle.
The adverbial participle has a present-tense form and a past-tense form, and modifies the verb of the sentence. The adverbial participle may accept its own nominative, as may the adjectival participle in its clause.
Kannada does not have a gerund, but nouns that express the same idea can be formed by suffixing the third-person neuter pronoun to the present adjectival participle.

=== Inflecting verbs for non-finite forms (ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳ ಅವ್ಯಯರೂಪಗಳಿಗೆ ರೂಪನಿಷ್ಪತ್ತಿ) ===

==== Present adverbial participle (ವರ್ತಮಾನಕಾಲದ ಕ್ರಿಯಾನ್ಯೂನ) ====

To form the present adverbial participle of a verb, add the suffix 'ಉತ್ತ' to the crude form of the verb.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> There are no exceptions in the modern dialect, but occasionally the forms 'ಉತ' or 'ಉತ್ತಾ' may appear.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಮಾಡು → ಮಾಡುತ್ತ
|māḍu {} māḍutta
|{“do, make”} {} {“doing, making”}
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಬರೆ → ಬರೆಯುತ್ತ
|bare {} bareyutta
|“write” {} “writing”
|}}

==== Past adverbial participle (ಭೂತಕಾಲದ ಕ್ರಿಯಾನ್ಯೂನ) ====

To form the past adverbial participle of a verb that ends in “ಉ,” (-u) add the suffix “ಇ” (-i) to the crude form of the verb.<ref name=":0" /> To form the past adverbial participle of a verb that ends in any vowel but “ಉ,” (-u) add the suffix “ದು” (-du) to the crude form of the verb.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಮಾಡು → ಮಾಡಿ
|māḍu {} māḍi
|{“do, make”} {} {“having done, having made”}
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಬರೆ → ಬರೆದು
|bare {} baredu
|“write” {} {“having written”}
|}}

There are many oddly formed past adverbial participles, some of them irregular, and some of them following old formations, and others changed for euphony. They are listed below:

For these verbs, or any modern forms of them:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
* ಕವಲು
* ಮಡಲು
* ಬಲಿ
* ಕಲಿ
* ಹೋಲು
* ಸಾಲು
* ಸೋಲು
* ಹೇಲು
* ನೂಲು
* ಕೂರಿ
* ಕೊನರು
* ತಳಿರು
* ಚಿಗುರು
* ಬೆವರು
* ಅಳು
* ಉಳು
* ಕೀಳು
* ಚಳಿ
* ಮೊಳೆ
* ಅರಿ
* ಕುರಿ
* ಬಾ
* ಕೀ
suffix “ತು.”

Certain
final consonants
are replaced with other consonants before the “ದು” or the “ತು”
of the past participle.<ref name=":3" /> Before 'ದು':
ಲ್ →
ದ್; ಳ್ →
ದ್. Before
“ತು”: ಱ್ →
ತ್;
ಱು
(in which the
final “ಉ”
was originally euphonic, as with the euphonic “ಉ”
for nouns) →
ತ್

The
following verbs’ past participles can be formed regularly, but there is also
another, irregular form of those verbs:<ref name=":3" /> ಆಗು
→ ಆಯ್; ಪೋಗು
→ ಪೋಯ್;
ಹೋಗು
→ ಹೋಯ್

==== Present-future adjectival participle (ವರ್ತಮಾನಕಾಲದ ಮತ್ತು ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತುಕಾಲದ ಕೃದ್ವಾಚಿ) ====

To form the present-future adjectival participle, add the suffix “ಉವ” (-uva) to the crude form of the verb. There are not irregulars for this form in the modern dialect.

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಮಾಡು → ಮಾಡುವ
|māḍu {} māḍuva
|{“do, make”} {} {“who/which/that does, who/which/that makes”}
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಬರೆ → ಬರೆಯುವ
|bare {} bareyuva
|“write” {} {“who/which/that writes”}
|}}

==== Past adjectival participle (ಭೂತಕಾಲದ ಕೃದ್ವಾಚಿ) ====

The past adjectival participle of the verb is formed from the past adverbial participle. If the past adverbial participle of a verb ends in 'ಉ' (-u), add 'ಅ' (-a) to the end of the past adverbial participle to form the past adjectival participle.<ref name=":0" /> If the past adverbial participle of a verb ends in 'ಇ' (-i), add 'ದ' (-da) to the end of the past adverbial participle.<ref name=":0" />

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಮಾಡು → ಮಾಡಿದ
|māḍu {} māḍida
|{“do, make”} {} {“who/which/that does, who/which/that made”}
|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=kan|indent=3
|ಬರೆ → ಬರೆದ
|bare {} bareda
|“write” {} {“who/which/that wrote”}
|}}

Irregular past adjectival participles include: 'ಆದ' (āda), from crude verb root 'ಆಗು' (āgu, to be/become); 'ಪೋದ' (pōda), from crude verb root 'ಪೋಗು' (pōgu, to go); and 'ಹೋದ' (hōda), from crude verb root 'ಹೋಗು' (hōgu, to go).<ref name=":3" />

=== Inflecting verbs for finite forms / Conjugation (ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳ ಆಖ್ಯಾತರೂಪಗಳಿಗೆ ರೂಪನಿಷ್ಪತ್ತಿ / ಆಖ್ಯಾತಮಾರ್ಗ) ===

==== Affirmative form (ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ) ====

To conjugate verbs in their present-tense affirmative form, attach the following suffixes to the present adverbial participle.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! singular number
! plural number
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| ಏನೆ (-ēne)
| ಏವೆ (-ēve)
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| ಈ/ಈಯೆ (-ī / -īye)
| ಈರಿ (-īri)
|-
! rowspan="3" | 3rd person
! masculine
| ಆನೆ (-āne)
| ಆರೆ (-āre)
|-
! feminine
| ಆಳೆ (-āḷe)
| ಆರೆ (-āre)
|-
! neuter
| ಅದೆ (-āde)
| ಅವೆ (-āve)
|}

To conjugate verbs in their past-tense affirmative form, attach the following suffixes to the past adjectival participle, except for the third person neuter singular suffix, which is attached to the past adverbial participle.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! singular number
! plural number
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| ಎನು (-enu)
| ಎವು (-evu)
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| ಇ/ಎ (-i / -e)
| ಇರಿ (-iri)
|-
! rowspan="3" | 3rd person
! masculine
| ಅನು (-anu)
| ಅರು (-aru)
|-
! feminine
| ಅಳು (-aḷu)
| ಅರು (-aru)
|-
! neuter
| ಇತು (-itu)
| ಉವು/ಅವು (-uvu / -avu)
|}

To conjugate verbs in their future-tense affirmative form, attach the following suffixes to the present-future adjectival participle.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! singular number
! plural number
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| ಎನು
| ಎವು
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| ಇ/ಎ
| ಇರಿ
|-
! rowspan="3" | 3rd person
! masculine
| ಅನು
| ಅರು
|-
! feminine
| ಅಳು
| ಅರು
|-
! neuter
| ಉದು/ಅದು
| ಉವು/ಅವು
|}

==== Negative form (ನಿಷೇಧರೂಪ) ====

The negative form of the verb does not have any tense. Tense must be told from context. However, more commonly used to negate a verb is the negative word 'ಇಲ್ಲ'.

Suffix these terminations (which are the same as the future tense's suffixes) to the verbal infinitive that ends in "ಅ" for the tenseless negative form:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! singular number
! plural number
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| ಎನು (-enu)
| ಎವು (-evu)
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| ಎ (-e)
| ಅರಿ (-ari)
|-
! rowspan="3" | 3rd person
! masculine
| ಅನು (-anu)
| ಅರು (-aru)
|-
! feminine
| ಅಳು (-aḷu)
| ಅರು (-aru)
|-
! neuter
| ಅದು (-adu)
| ಅವು (-avu)
|}

The negative form has only the irregular formation that 'ಇಲ್ಲ' may be ''alternatively'' used in place of the regular negative forms of 'ಇರು'.

==== Contingent-future form (ಸಂಭಾವರೂಪ/ಸಂಭಾವನಾರೂಪ) ====

The contingent-future form expresses the idea that the action of a verb may perhaps occur in the future. For example, 'ಮಾಡಿಯೇನು', which is conjugated in the contingent-future form, may be translated as 'I ''might'' do (it)'.

These are the suffixes for the contingent-future form, suffixed to the past adverbial participle for verbs ending in 'ಉ' or the past adjectival participle for verbs ending in 'ಎ' or 'ಇ':

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! singular number
! plural number
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| ಏನು (-ēnu)
| ಏವು (-ēvu)
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| ಈಯೆ (-īye)
| ಈರಿ (-īri)
|-
! rowspan="3" | 3rd person
! masculine
| ಆನು (-ānu)
| ಆರು (-āru)
|-
! feminine
| ಆಳು (-āḷu)
| ಆರು (-āru)
|-
! neuter
| ಈತು (-ītu)
| ಆವು (-āvu)
|}

The contingent-future form does not have irregular formations.

==== Imperative form (ವಿಧಿರೂಪ) ====

The imperative form of the verb optates, exhorts, or commands. For example, the first-person and the third-person imperative expresses the idea of 'may/let {I/we/he/she/it/they} ___'. However, the second-person imperative is used either to command ('Do something!') or with an optative or jussive sense ('may you ___'), depending on the verb's meaning and the context.

These suffixes are attached to the root of the verb:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! singular number
! plural number
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| ಅಲಿ/ಉವೆ
| ಓಣ/ಅಲಿ/ಉವಾ
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| Ø
| ಇರಿ
|-
! rowspan="3" | 3rd person
! masculine
| ಅಲಿ
| ಅಲಿ
|-
! feminine
| ಅಲಿ
| ಅಲಿ
|-
! neuter
| ಅಲಿ
| ಅಲಿ
|}

Below are the irregular imperative forms:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">McKerrel, John. ''Grammar of the Carnataca Language''. Madras: College, 1820. Print.</ref>
* second-person plural imperative 'ಇರಿ', from crude verb root 'ಇರು'
* second-person singular imperative 'ಕೋ', from crude verb root 'ಕೊಳ್ಳು'
* second-person singular imperative 'ಬೋ', from crude verb root 'ಬೋಲು'
* second-person plural imperative 'ತರಿ', from crude verb root 'ತರು'
* second-person singular imperative 'ತಾ', from crude verb root 'ತರು'
* second-person plural imperative 'ಬನ್ನಿ' or 'ಬನ್ನಿರಿ', from crude verb root 'ಬರು'
* second-person singular imperative 'ಬಾ', from crude verb root 'ಬರು'

==== A Summary of All Verb Forms (ಎಲ್ಲ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ ರೂಪಗಳ ಸಾರಾಂಶ) ====
Below is a table that shows how a verb ending in 'ಉ' conjugates and how a verb ending in 'ಎ' or 'ಇ' conjugates with the verbs 'ಮಾಡು' (''to do)'' and 'ಕರೆ' (''to call'') respectively. It also shows the conjugation of the irregular verb 'ಇರು' (''to be/exist'') which is also used as an auxiliary verb.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harold|first1=Spencer|title=A Kanarese Grammar|date=1914|publisher=The Wesleyan Mission Press|location=Mysore}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |'''Present'''
! colspan="3" |'''Past'''
! colspan="3" |Future
! colspan="3" |Negative
! colspan="3" |Contingent-Future
! colspan="3" |Imperative
|-
!ಮಾಡು
!ಕರೆ
!ಇರು
!ಮಾಡು
!ಕರೆ
!ಇರು
!ಮಾಡು
!ಕರೆ
!ಇರು
!ಮಾಡು
!ಕರೆ
!ಇರು
!ಮಾಡು
!ಕರೆ
!ಇರು
!ಮಾಡು
!ಕರೆ
!ಇರು
|-
!ನಾನು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತೇನೆ
|ಇದ್ಧೇನೆ
|ಮಾಡಿದೆನು
|ಕರೆದೆನು
|ಇದ್ದೆನು
|ಮಾಡುವೆನು
|ಕರೆಯುವೆನು
|ಇರುವೆನು
|ಮಾಡೆನು
|ಕರೆಯೆನು
|ಇರೆನು
|ಮಾಡಿಯೇನು
|ಕರೆದೇನು
|ಇದ್ದೇನು
|ಮಾಡಲಿ
|ಕರೆಯಲಿ
|ಇರಲಿ
|-
!ನೀನು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತೀ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತೀ
|ಇದ್ಧೀ
|ಮಾಡಿದಿ
|ಕರೆದಿ
|ಇದ್ದಿ
|ಮಾಡುವಿ
|ಕರೆಯುವಿ
|ಇರುವಿ
|ಮಾಡೆ
|ಕರೆಯೆ
|ಇರೆ
|ಮಾಡೀಯೆ
|ಕರೆದೀಯೆ
|ಇದ್ದೀಯೆ
|ಮಾಡು
|ಕರೆ
|ಇರು
|-
!ಅವನು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾನೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ
|ಇದ್ಧಾನೆ
|ಮಾಡಿದನು
|ಕರೆದನು
|ಇದ್ದನು
|ಮಾಡುವನು
|ಕರೆಯುವನು
|ಇರುವನು
|ಮಾಡನು
|ಕರೆಯನು
|ಇರನು
|ಮಾಡಿಯಾನು
|ಕರೆದಾನು
|ಇದ್ದಾನು
|ಮಾಡಲಿ
|ಕರೆಯಲಿ
|ಇರಲಿ
|-
!ಅವಳು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾಳೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾಳೆ
|ಇದ್ಧಾಳೆ
|ಮಾಡಿದಳು
|ಕರೆದಳು
|ಇದ್ದಳು
|ಮಾಡುವಳು
|ಕರೆಯುವಳು
|ಇರುವಳು
|ಮಾಡಳು
|ಕರೆಯಳು
|ಇರಳು
|ಮಾಡಿಯಾಳು
|ಕರೆದಾಳು
|ಇದ್ದಾಳು
|ಮಾಡಲಿ
|ಕರೆಯಲಿ
|ಇರಲಿ
|-
!ಅದು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತದೆ
|ಇದೆ
|ಮಾಡಿತು
|ಕರೆಯಿತು
|ಇತ್ತು
|ಮಾಡುವುದು
|ಕರೆಯುವುದು
|ಇರುವುದು
|ಮಾಡದು
|ಕರೆಯದು
|ಇರದು
|ಮಾಡೀತು
|ಕರೆದೀತು
|ಇದ್ದೀತು
|ಮಾಡಲಿ
|ಕರೆಯಲಿ
|ಇರಲಿ
|-
!ನಾವು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತೇವೆ
|ಇದ್ಧೇವೆ
|ಮಾಡಿದೆವು
|ಕರೆದೆವು
|ಇದ್ದೆವು
|ಮಾಡುವೆವು
|ಕರೆಯುವೆವು
|ಇರುವೆವು
|ಮಾಡೆವು
|ಕರೆಯೆವು
|ಇರೆವು
|ಮಾಡಿಯೇವು
|ಕರೆದೇವು
|ಇದ್ದೇವು
|ಮಾಡೋಣ
|ಕರೆಯೋಣ
|ಇರೋಣ
|-
!ನೀವು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತೀರಿ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತೀರಿ
|ಇದ್ಧೀರಿ
|ಮಾಡಿದಿರಿ
|ಕರೆದಿರಿ
|ಇದ್ದಿರಿ
|ಮಾಡುವಿರಿ
|ಕರೆಯುವಿರಿ
|ಇರುವಿರಿ
|ಮಾಡರಿ
|ಕರೆಯರಿ
|ಇರರಿ
|ಮಾಡೀರಿ
|ಕರೆದೀರಿ
|ಇದ್ದೀರಿ
|ಮಾಡಿರಿ
|ಕರೆಯಿರಿ
|ಇರಿ
|-
!ಅವರು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ
|ಇದ್ಧಾರೆ
|ಮಾಡಿದರು
|ಕರೆದರು
|ಇದ್ದರು
|ಮಾಡುವರು
|ಕರೆಯುವರು
|ಇರುವರು
|ಮಾಡರು
|ಕರೆಯರು
|ಇರರು
|ಮಾಡಿಯಾರು
|ಕರೆದಾರು
|ಇದ್ದಾರು
|ಮಾಡಲಿ
|ಕರೆಯಲಿ
|ಇರಲಿ
|-
!ಅವು
|ಮಾಡುತ್ತವೆ
|ಕರೆಯುತ್ತವೆ
|ಇವೆ
|ಮಾಡಿದುವು
|ಕರೆದುವು
|ಇದ್ದುವು
|ಮಾಡುವುವು
|ಕರೆಯುವುವು
|ಇರುವುವು
|ಮಾಡವು
|ಕರೆಯವು
|ಇರವು
|ಮಾಡಿಯಾವು
|ಕರೆದಾವು
|ಇದ್ದಾವು
|ಮಾಡಲಿ
|ಕರೆಯಲಿ
|ಇರಲಿ
|}

=== Word order (ಪದವಿನ್ಯಾಸ) ===

Kannada word order is 'S-O-V', or 'subject-object-verb', as opposed to English, which is a 'S-V-O', or 'subject-verb-object' language. However, in Kannada, due to its highly inflected nature, a sentence's word order may be freely changed for style or emphasis.

=== Sentence constituents (ವಾಕ್ಯದ ಭಾಗಗಳು) ===

Kannada sentences have two basic parts: the subject and the predicate. The subject consists of the central topic of the sentence, declined to the nominative case, while the predicate consists of a verb, often with an object (which formally should be in the accusative case), ''or'' may have no verb and object at all but rather simply have another noun declined in the nominative case, known as the predicate nominative, where an equivalency statement is intended.

''Example: ನಾನು (subject) ಮೇಜನ್ನು (object) ಕಟ್ಟಿದೆನು (verb). ('I built the table.' Here, the subject is 'I' and 'built the table' is the predicate, with 'built' as the verb and 'the table' as the object.''

''<nowiki>Example: ನಾನು (subject) ಕನ್ನಡದ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಯು (predicate nominative). ('I (am) a student of Kannada.' Note that there is no direct Kannada equivalent for the verb 'to be' as a copula [linking verb], because Kannada is a zero-copula language, although the sentence may be alternatively written 'ನಾನು ಕನ್ನಡದ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ(ಯನ್ನು) ಆಗಿದ್ಧೇನೆ.' literally meaning 'I am/exist having become a student of Kannada.'</nowiki>''

==== Subject (ಕರ್ತೃ) ====

In Kannada, the subject is declined to the nominative case.<ref name=":0" /> While the subject almost always performs the action in Kannada (use of the passive voice is highly rare), the subject may actually be the patient.

In a sentence with a subject, verb, and object, if the subject has already been made clear or is known from context, the subject may be omitted,<ref name=":0" /> with the predicate standing alone to make the sentence.

''Example: ಮನೆಗೆ ಹೋಗುವೆನು. ('I will go home.' Here, we can omit the subject 'ನಾನು', meaning 'I' because it is clear by the termination of the verb (a first-person singular termination, the same person and number of 'I') that the subject is 'I'.''

''Example: ವಿನಯನು ಇವತ್ತು ವಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದನು. ('Vinay did not go to school today. {Vinay/he} came home.' In the second sentence, the subject 'Vinay' is omitted because it is clear from the previous sentence that the subject is 'Vinay'.)''

==== Verb (ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ) ====

In Kannada, there cannot be more than one finite, or conjugated, verb in the sentence.<ref name=":2" /> For example, the sentence 'I went to school and came home.' cannot be literally translated into Kannada. The Kannada equivalent of that sentence would be 'Having gone to school, I came home.' In Kannada, adverbial participles must be used.

''Example: ನಾನು ವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದೆನು. ('I, having gone to school, came home.' / 'I went to school and came home.')''

''Example: ನಾನು ಓಡಿ ಆಡುವೆನು. ('I, having run, will play.' / 'I will run and play.' Note that if the intention is to say that the two actions will happen simultaneously ('I will play as I run.') then the sentence would be written 'ನಾನು ಓಡುತ್ತ ಆಡುವೆನು.')''

==== Object (ಕರ್ಮ) ====

==== Dative construction (ಸಂಪ್ರದಾನಪದ ಕಾರ್ತೃವಾಗಿರುವ ವಾಕ್ಯ) ====

In Kannada, the [[dative construction]] is used often.<ref name=":2" /> The dative construction occurs when the semantic subject is in the dative case and semantic direct object is in the nominative case. For example, in Kannada, one does not say 'I feel cold'; rather, one says the equivalent of 'cold is happening to me' ('ನನಗೆ ಚಳಿಯು ಆಗುತ್ತ ಇದೆ'). Similarly, one says 'dinner is wanted to me' ('ನನಗೆ ಉಟವು ಬೇಕು' or 'ನನಗೆ ಊಟವು ಬೇಕಾಗಿದೆ'; the latter literally is broken apart 'ನನಗೆ ಊಟವು ಬೇಕಾಗಿ ಇದೆ', literally meaning 'to me, dinner has become wanted/needed').

Yet another example is the use with 'ಇಷ್ಟ'. For example, one says 'ನನಗೆ ಸೇಬುಗಳು ಇಷ್ಟ ಆಗುತ್ತವೆ' (idiomatically--'I like apples'; literally--'to me, apples become pleasure').

Dative constructions are used to make the equivalent of English sensory linking verbs and with many modal auxiliary verbs.<ref name=":2" /> For example, 'I see him' is translated as 'he causes me to see (him)', with 'me' in the dative case.

=== Interrogation (ಪ್ರಶ್ನಿಸುವುದು) ===

=== Negation (ನಿಷೇಧ) ===

==== Negative words (ನಿಷೇಧಾರ್ಥಕ ಪದಗಳು) ====

Kannada does ''not'' have any semantically negative words such as 'never', 'no one', and 'nothing'. These words are expressed by negating the verb with the positive equivalent of the negative word. For example, in Kannada, one cannot say 'students never go to school on Sundays'; one must say the equivalent of 'students do not go to school on Sundays ever' ('ಭಾನುವಾರ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಯಾವತ್ತು ಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗರು'). Similarly, for 'no one goes to school on Sundays', one says 'anyone does not go to school on Sundays' ('ಯರೂ ವಿದ್ಯಲಯಕ್ಕೆ ಭಾನವಾರಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೋಗುವದಿಲ್ಲ').

''Example:'' 'ಎಲ್ಲೂ ಆ ಘೋಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಜನರು ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಲಿಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲ.' ('Nowhere will the people accept that declaration.')

==== Negative finite verbs (ನಿಷೇಧಾರ್ಥಕ ಆಖ್ಯಾತಗಳು) ====

Although there is a negative 'mood' or form of the verb in Kannada, it is not used commonly anymore.<ref name=":0" /> In addition, the negative form does not express time distinctions, so [[Analytic language|analytic]] negative forms are employed.

There is no negative adverb like 'not' in Kannada. Analytic verb negation is very peculiar, and it employs a form of 'ಇರು' ('to be, exist'), which is 'ಇಲ್ಲ'. However, negative Kannada verbs with 'ಇಲ್ಲ' do not have personal terminations—they do not indicate the person, gender, or number of the subject.<ref name=":1">Ziegler, F. ''A Practical Key to the Kannada Language''. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1984. Print.</ref>

To form a past negative verb with 'ಇಲ್ಲ', suffix 'ಇಲ್ಲ' to the infinitive form of the verb ending in 'ಅಲ್'. To form a present negative verb with 'ಇಲ್ಲ', suffix 'ಇಲ್ಲ' to the verbal noun of the verb. To form a future negative verb, either use the present-tense negative form of the verb with 'ಇಲ್ಲ' or suffix 'ಇಲ್ಲ' to the infinitive form of the verb ending in 'ಅಲಿಕ್ಕೆ'.<ref name=":1" />

Aspect is expressed by 'ಇಲ್ಲ' in the normal way—by using a negative form of 'ಇರು' with an adverbial participle. For example, 'I will not have been being hit' is 'ಹೊಡಿಯಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತ ಇದ್ದು ಇರಲಿಕ್ಕಿಲ್ಲ'.

''Example:'' 'ಹೋಗುತ್ತ ಇರುವದಿಲ್ಲ.' ('I am not going.')

''Example:'' 'ಹೋಗಿ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ.' ('I had not gone.')

However, in the present tense, one can directly use 'ಇಲ್ಲ' after the participle to express aspect.<ref name=":2" />

''Example:'' 'ಹೋಗುತ್ತ ಇಲ್ಲ.' ('I am not going.')

''Example:'' 'ಹೋಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲ.' ('I have not gone.')

==== Negation of adverbial participles (ಕ್ರಿಯಾನ್ಯೂನಗಳ ನಿಷೇಧ) ====

Adverbial participles have a negative form, created by suffix 'ಅದೆ' to the crude form of the verb. This form is tenseless, and is best translated as 'without ___ing'. For example 'ನೋಡಿ ಹೋದೆನು' means 'I went having seen (it)', 'ನೋಡುತ್ತ ಹೋದೆನು' means 'seeing (it), I went' or 'I went seeing (it)', and 'ನೋಡದೆ ಹೋದೆನು' means 'I went not seeing (it)', "I went not having seen (it)', or 'I went without seeing (it)'.<ref name=":2" />

However, 'ಇಲ್ಲ', derived from 'ಇರು' has an adverbial participle form – 'ಇಲ್ಲದೆ' – and this can be used to keep tense when the adverbial participle must be negated. For example, one can say 'ನೋಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲದೆ' to definitively mean 'not having seen, and 'ನೋಡುತ್ತ ಇಲ್ಲದೆ' to definitively mean 'not seeing'.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Grammars of South Asian languages}}
{{Language grammars}}
{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Kannada grammar| ]]
[[Category:Dravidian grammars]]

Sathya M.

2026-05-07T04:07:24Z

BrianSop: New initial stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1987)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''Sathya M.''' (born 1987) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sathya. M, KRISHNARAYAPURAM (SC) constituency, TVK, Tamilnadu Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Tamilnadu2026/sathya-m-2690/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> She is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from Krishnarayapuram Assembly constituency which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in Karur district representing the [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Krishnarayapuram Election Result 2026 LIVE Updates: Tamil Nadu (Krishnarayapuram) Assembly Election Results 2026 Winner, Vote Counting, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/krishnarayapuram-election-result-live-updates-tamil-nadu-assembly-election-results-winner-10669527/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Krishnarayapuram Election Results 2026 LIVE: Krishnarayapuram Assembly Election Results, Winner, Runner-Up & Vote Share – Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/krishnarayapuram-assembly-elections-tn-136/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

Sathya is from [[Karur]], Tamil Nadu. She is a postgraduate and works as a school principal.<ref name=":0" />

Sathya made her electoral debut in April 2026 winning the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Krishnarayapuram Assembly constituency]] representing the Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Krishnarayapuram Election Results 2026 LIVE: Krishnarayapuram Assembly Election Results, Winner, Runner-Up & Vote Share – Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/krishnarayapuram-assembly-elections-tn-136/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref> She polled 62,378 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Dhivya. S. of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], by a margin of 3503 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2026 |title=Krishnarayapuram election result LIVE: Sathya M of TVK wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/krishnarayapuram-tamil-nadu-assembly-2026-winner-live-updates-highlights-exaxt-en-liveblog-10072154.html |access-date=5 May 2026 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Krishnarayapuram (SC) election results 2026: TVK's Sathya M wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/krishnarayapuram-sc-election-results-2026/articleshow/130677358.cms |access-date=2026-05-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathya. M (TVK) Candidate from KRISHNARAYAPURAM (SC) Constituency, Sathya. M Political Career, Age, Education, Election Result 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/tamil-nadu/candidate-sathya-m-13178 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:M., Sathya}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Karur district]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Bhadra Hemram

2026-05-06T12:30:12Z

BrianSop: new!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bhadra Hemram
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiary (ST)]]
| predecessor = [[Paresh Murmu]]
| term_start = 2026
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Bhadra Hemram''' or '''Bhadra Hembram''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiary (ST)]] constituency in the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhadra Hemram(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KESHIARY (ST)(PASCHIM MEDINIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=1110 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhadra Hemram, KESHIARY (ST) constituency, BJP, WestBengal Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/WestBengal2026/bhadra-hemram-1110/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhadra Hemram (BJP) Candidate from KESHIARY (ST) Constituency, Bhadra Hemram Political Career, Age, Education, Election Result 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/west-bengal/candidate-bhadra-hemram-13132 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hemram, Bhadra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

{{WestBengal-politician-stub}}

Embassy of Ukraine, New Delhi

2026-05-04T03:37:59Z

BrianSop: Added new pg - done

{{Infobox diplomatic mission
| name = Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of India
| embed =
| image = Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of India.svg
| image_size = 240px
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Logo of Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of India
| image_caption =
| location = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| address = C-6/5, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110057
| coord =
| coordinates = {{coord|28.5686|77.1590|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| opened =
| opened_date = February 1993
| ambassador = [[Oleksandr Polishchuk|Dr. Oleksandr Polishchuk]] <ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2023-08-05 |title=Ukrainian envoy Polishchuk to arrive in Delhi on August 8; set to take charge soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ukrainian-envoy-polishchuk-to-arrive-in-delhi-on-august-8-set-to-take-charge-soon/article67162437.ece |access-date=2026-04-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| jurisdiction = Republic of India
| website = {{URL|https://india.mfa.gov.ua/en}}
}}

The '''Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of India''' is the [[diplomatic mission]] of [[Ukraine]] to [[India]]. The Embassy of Ukraine in New Delhi covers the services for India, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Maldives|the Maldives]], [[Bhutan]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kitsoft |title=Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of India - General information |url=https://india.mfa.gov.ua/en/consular-issues/general-information |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=india.mfa.gov.ua |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[diplomatic mission#Terminology|embassy]] is located at [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]. The diplomatic relations between [[Ukraine]] and [[India]] were established in 1992, following Ukraine's independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The embassy in New Delhi was established in February 1993<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kitsoft |title=Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of India - History of the Embassy |url=https://india.mfa.gov.ua/en/embassy/3674-z-istoriji-posolystva |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=india.mfa.gov.ua |language=en}}</ref> to facilitate diplomatic engagement and cooperation between the two nations and its the first one in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of India, Kyiv, Ukraine |url=https://www.eoiukraine.gov.in/political.php}}</ref>

Since its establishment, the embassy has played an important role in strengthening ties in areas such as trade, education, science and technology, and cultural exchange.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-12-29 |title=Art Beyond Borders |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/delhi/2025/Dec/29/art-beyond-borders |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Cultural diplomacy ==
The embassy is actively involved in promoting Ukrainian culture in India through exhibitions, workshops, and collaborative cultural events. It works with local institutions and organizations to enhance people-to-people connections and cultural understanding.<ref name=":0" />

The embassy has also supported educational initiatives involving Indian students. In 2026, it facilitated a nationwide essay contest organised by the East European Development Institute (EEDI) and PT Global Edu under the project ''Ukraine and South Asia: Open Dialogues''. The contest received over 950 entries from more than 200 schools across India, and winners were felicitated in the presence of Ambassador [[Oleksandr Polishchuk]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=School students win first Ukraine-India Students’ Writing Contest 2024 - EducationTimes.com |url=https://www.educationtimes.com/article/newsroom/99737585/school-students-win-first-ukraine-india-students-writing-contest-2024 |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.educationtimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]]
* [[India–Ukraine relations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://india.mfa.gov.ua/en Official website of the Embassy of Ukraine in India]

{{Diplomatic missions in India}}
{{Diplomatic missions of Ukraine}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions of Ukraine]]
[[Category:India–Ukraine relations]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in New Delhi]]

Demographics of Punjab, India

2026-04-28T00:43:26Z

BrianSop: Added data - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Historical populations
|title= Population Growth
|state =
|1901|7679645{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}
|1911|6830507{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}
|1921|7262881{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}
|1931|8123076{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}
|1941|9757161{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}
|1951|9160500
|1961|11135069
|1971|13551060
|1981|16788915
|1991|20281969
|2001|24358999
|2011|27743338
|estimate=
|estyear=
|estref=
|footnote=Source: Census of India<ref name="Demographic Trends">{{cite web
|url=http://www.punenvis.nic.in/demo_trends.htm
|title=Demographic Trends
|work=Census of India
|publisher=www.punenvis.nic.in
|accessdate=2008-06-04
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410054318/http://punenvis.nic.in/demo_trends.htm
|archive-date=2009-04-10
}}
</ref><ref name="Census Population">{{cite web|url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf|title=Census Population|work=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance India|accessdate=2008-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073658/http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf|archive-date=19 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> }}

[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] is home to 2.3% of India's population; with a density of 551 persons per km2. According to the provisional results of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 national census]], Punjab has a population of 27,743,338, making it the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|16th]] most populated state in India. Of which male and female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873 respectively. 32% of Punjab's population consists of [[Dalits]]. In the state, the rate of population growth is 13.9% (2011), lower than national average. Out of total population, 37.5% people live in urban regions. The total figure of population living in urban areas is 10,399,146 of which 5,545,989 are males and while remaining 4,853,157 are females. The urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 37.5%. According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Punjab has a population of around 27.7 million.

==Population density==
The table below gives the [[population density]] (population per square kilometre) of Punjab throughout the years.<ref name="auto11">{{Cite web |title=District-wise Population Density per sq. kilometer from 1981 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-population-density-sq-kilometer-1981-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year!! Density (/{{km2}})
|-
|2011||551
|-
|2001||484
|-
|1991||403
|-
|1981||333
|}

The table below shows the population density by district in Punjab, according to the 2011 census.<ref name="auto11"/>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Sr. No.!!District!!Density (/{{km2}})
!District
!Density (/{{km2}})
|-
|1||Ludhiana||978
|Hoshiarpur
|469
|-
|2||Amritsar||928
|Tarn Taran
|464
|-
|3||SAS Nagar||909
|Sangrur
|457
|-
|4||Jalandhar||836
|Moga
|444
|-
|5||Gurdaspur||647
|Faridkot
|424
|-
|6||Patiala||570
|Bathinda
|414
|-
|7||Fatehgarh Sahib||509
|Barnala
|402
|-
|8||Rupnagar||505
|Ferozepur
|382
|-
|9||Kapurthala||499
|Mansa
|350
|-
|10||SBS Nagar||478
|Sri Muktsar Sahib
|348
|-
|
| colspan="2" |Punjab
| colspan="2" |551
|}

==Gender==
{{Main|Women in Punjab, India}}
The table below shows the [[sex ratio]] of Punjab through the years.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |title=District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-decadal-sex-ratio-punjab |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Decadal sex ratio of Punjab by census years<ref name="auto6"/>
|-
! 1911 !! 1921 !! 1931 !! 1941 !! 1951 !! 1961 !! 1971 !! 1981 !! 1991 !! 2001 !! 2011
|-
| 870 || 799 || 815 || 836 || 844 || 854 || 865 || 879 || 882 || 876 || 895
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sex Ratio and Urban Population of Punjab by District – Census 2011<ref name="auto6"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=District-wise No. of Male (Urban) Population from 1971 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-no-male-urban-population-1971-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=District-wise No. of Female (Urban) Population from 1971 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-no-female-urban-population-1971-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
! Sr. No. !! District !! Sex Ratio !! Urban Males !! Urban Females
|-
|1||Hoshiarpur||961||1,74,587||1,60,382
|-
|2||SBS Nagar||954||75,173||60,243
|-
|3||Rupnagar||915||93,396||84,411
|-
|4||Jalandhar||915||6,16,421||5,44,750
|-
|5||Kapurthala||912||1,50,379||1,32,083
|-
|6||Gurdaspur||907||1,92,590||1,68,563
|-
|7||Tarn Taran||900||75,047||66,748
|-
|8||Sri Muktsar Sahib||896||1,33,420||1,18,771
|-
|9||Fazilka||894||1,41,996||1,25,093
|-
|10||Moga||893||1,20,216||1,07,030
|-
|11||Ferozepur||893||1,53,433||1,32,034
|-
|12||Patiala||891||4,03,722||3,59,558
|-
|13||Faridkot||890||1,15,889||1,01,162
|-
|14||Amritsar||889||7,11,142||6,23,469
|-
|15||Sangrur||885||2,73,376||2,42,589
|-
|16||Mansa||883||86,548||77,056
|-
|17||SAS Nagar||879||2,88,269||2,56,342
|-
|18||Barnala||876||1,02,312||88,373
|-
|19||Ludhiana||873||11,14,372||9,55,336
|-
|20||Fatehgarh Sahib||871||1,00,745||84,737
|-
|21||Pathankot||869||1,64,243||1,33,923
|-
|22||Bathinda||868||2,68,713||2,30,504
|-
| ||'''Punjab (Total)'''||'''895'''||'''55,45,989'''||'''48,53,157'''
|}

==Fertility rate==
<table style="width:100%; border:none;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%; padding-right:10px;">
The table below shows the [[birth rate]] per 1000 persons in Punjab through the years.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Area wise Birth Rate, Death Rate, Infant Mortality Rate and Maternal Morality Rate in Punjab from 1968 to 2017 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/area-wise-birth-rate-death-rate-infant-mortality-rate-and-maternal-morality-rate-punjab |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Birth rate per 1000 in Punjab through the years
!Year
! Total
!Urban
!Rural
|-
|2017||14.9||14.1||15.6
|-
|2016||14.9||14.2||15.6
|-
|2015||15.2||14.2||15.9
|-
|2014||15.5||14.5||16.2
|-
|2013||15.7||14.7||16.3
|-
|2012||15.9||14.8||16.5
|-
|2011||16.2||15.2||16.8
|-
|2010||16.6||15.6||17.2
|-
|2009||17.0||15.8||17.7
|-
|2008||17.3||16.1||18
|-
|2007||17.6||16.4||18.3
|-
|2006||17.8||16.8||18.4
|-
|2005||18.1||17.0||18.8
|-
|2004||18.7||17.6||19.3
|}
</td>

<td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%; padding-left:10px;">
According to the National Family Health Survey of 2015–16, the percentage of women age 15-19 who have begun childbearing ([[teenage pregnancy]]) was 2.6%.<ref>http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-4Reports/India.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209140647/http://rchiips.org/nfhs/nfhs-4Reports/India.pdf |date=9 February 2024 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>

The table below shows the variation in fertility rate (children per woman) according to the education of a woman in Punjab, as of 2019–21.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Fertility rate by number of years of schooling completed by women in Punjab as of year 2019–21, NFHS-5<ref>http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-5Reports/Punjab.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118004639/http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-5Reports/Punjab.pdf |date=18 November 2023 }}, page 8</ref>
!Years of schooling!!Fertility rate
|-
|No schooling||2.5
|-
|<5 years||2.5
|-
|5–9 years||2.0
|-
|10–11 years||1.9
|-
|12 or more years||1.5
|}
</td>
</tr>
</table>

===Family planning===
According to the National Family Health Survey 2020–21, the unmet need for family planning increased from 6.2% in 2015–16 to 9.9% in 2020–21. In the same time period, the unmet need for child spacing increased from 2.4 to 3.7 percent.<ref name="main.mohfw.gov.in">https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>

{|class= "wikitable sortable"
|+Current Use of Family Planning Methods (currently married women age 15–49 years)<ref name="main.mohfw.gov.in"/>
|-
!Indicator!!Urban (2020–21)!!Rural (2020–21)!! Total (2020–21)!!Total (2015–16)
|-
|Any method
|{{percentage bar|68.4}}
|{{percentage bar|65.4}}
|{{percentage bar|66.6}}
|{{percentage bar|75.8}}
|-
|Any modern method
|{{percentage bar|49.4}}
|{{percentage bar|51.1}}
|{{percentage bar|50.5}}
|{{percentage bar|66.3}}
|-
|Female sterilization
|{{percentage bar|18.0}}
|{{percentage bar|25.6}}
|{{percentage bar|22.8}}
|{{percentage bar|37.5}}
|-
|Male sterilization
|{{percentage bar|0.5}}
|{{percentage bar|0.4}}
|{{percentage bar|0.5}}
|{{percentage bar|0.6}}
|-
|IUD/PPIUD
|{{percentage bar|2.8}}
|{{percentage bar|3.2}}
|{{percentage bar|3.1}}
|{{percentage bar|6.8}}
|-
|Pill
|{{percentage bar|1.1}}
|{{percentage bar|1.7}}
|{{percentage bar|1.5}}
|{{percentage bar|2.5}}
|-
|Condom
|{{percentage bar|26.6}}
|{{percentage bar|19.7}}
|{{percentage bar|22.2}}
|{{percentage bar|18.9}}
|-
|Injectables
|{{percentage bar|0.1}}
|{{percentage bar|0.1}}
|{{percentage bar|0.1}}
|{{percentage bar|0.1}}
|}

==Mortality==
<table style="width:100%; border:none;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%; padding-right:10px;">

===Infant mortality===
The list below shows the [[infant mortality]] rate per 1000 in Punjab, through the years.<ref name="auto3"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births per year, in Punjab through the years
!Year
! Total
!Urban
!Rural
|-
|2017||21||19||22
|-
|2016||21||18||23
|-
|2015||23||20||24
|-
|2014||24||21||26
|-
|2013||26||23||28
|-
|2012||30||25||33
|-
|2011||30||25||33
|-
|2010||34||31||37
|-
|2009||38||38||42
|-
|2008||41||33||45
|-
|2007||43||35||47
|-
|}
</td>

<td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%; padding-left:10px;">

===Maternal mortality===
The table below shows the maternal mortality rate per one lakh (1,00,000) per year, through the years.<ref name="auto3"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Maternal mortality rate per one lakh (1,00,000) per year, in Punjab through the years<ref name="auto3"/>
!Year!!Rate
|-
|2017||122
|-
|2016||122
|-
|2015||122
|-
|2014||122
|-
|2013||141
|-
|2012||141
|-
|2011||141
|-
|2006||192
|}
</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Literacy rate==
According to the 2011 census, the [[literacy rate]] of Punjab was 75.84%. The male literacy was 80.44% and the female literacy was 70.72%.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | url=https://www.punjabdata.com/Literacy-Rate-In-Punjab.aspx | title=Literacy Rate in Punjab | Punjab Literacy Rate }}</ref> The median number of years of schooling completed in the state was 6.5 for females and 7.8 for males, as of 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter 3 LITERACY AND EDUCATION |url=https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/WM17Chapter3.pdf |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=www.mospi.gov.in}}</ref> According to the [[National Statistical Commission|NSC]] survey (2017), Punjab's literacy rate was 83.7% (88.5% for males and 78.5% for females).<ref>{{Cite report | title=Household Social Consumption on Education in India | url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_585_75th_round_Education_final_1507_0.pdf | year=2018 | access-date = 2020-11-30 | last=NSO|p=43}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate of India according to NSC Report 2017-18|url=https://www.thehinducentre.com/resources/article30980071.ece/binary/KI_Education_75th_Final_compressed.pdf#page=68|website=Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India.NSS 75th Round.(July 2017 - June 2018)}}</ref> As per the PLFS report (2024), Punjab's literacy rate was 83.4% (87.0% for males and 79.8% for females).<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |url=https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/AnnualReport_PLFS2023-24L2.pdf|title=Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) (July 2023 – June 2024)|date=23 September 2024|publisher=National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India|pages=A-10|chapter=Appendix-A: Detailed tables, Table (7): Literacy rate (in per cent) of persons of different age groups for each State/UT (persons, age-group (years): 7 & above, rural+urban (column 6))}}</ref>

=== Census data ===

==== District-wise ====
Below is a combined table showing the total, rural, and urban literacy rates for each district of Punjab according to the 2011 Census of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spatial Temporal Change in Literacy Rate of Punjab |url=https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v4i2/SUB151642.pdf |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=www.ijsr.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiacensus.net/states/punjab/literacy|title=Punjab Literacy Rate 2025|website=www.indiacensus.net}}</ref><ref name="auto12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabdata.com/Literacy-Rate-In-Punjab.aspx|title=Literacy Rate In Punjab | Punjab Literacy Rate|website=www.punjabdata.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Literacy Rate by District – Punjab (2011 Census)
! District !! Total Literacy (%) !! Rural Literacy (%) !! Urban Literacy (%)
|-
| Hoshiarpur || 84.59 || 74.77 || 78.77
|-
| Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali) || 83.80 || 69.68 || 77.67
|-
| Jalandhar || 82.48 || 70.53 || 77.03
|-
| Ludhiana || 82.20 || 70.12 || 75.28
|-
| Rupnagar || 82.19 || 72.00 || 77.50
|-
| Gurdaspur || 79.95 || 68.12 || 78.59
|-
| Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar || 79.78 || 70.98 || 74.04
|-
| Fatehgarh Sahib || 79.35 || 69.53 || 74.24
|-
| Kapurthala || 79.07 || 67.73 || 76.40
|-
| Amritsar || 76.27 || 59.64 || 74.58
|-
| Patiala || 75.28 || 60.83 || 75.72
|-
| Moga || 70.68 || 60.90 || 70.36
|-
| Faridkot || 69.55 || 57.38 || 69.79
|-
| Firozpur || 68.92 || 56.95 || 69.98
|-
| Bathinda || 68.28 || 55.46 || 70.45
|-
| Sangrur || 67.99 || 57.83 || 66.52
|-
| Barnala || 67.82 || 57.90 || 65.78
|-
| Tarn Taran || 67.81 || 58.30 || 67.74
|-
| Muktsar || 65.81 || 54.66 || 67.29
|-
| Mansa || 61.83 || 51.68 || 67.43
|}

==== Religion ====
The table below shows the literacy rate by religion in Punjab, according to 2001 census.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LITERACY OF MAJOR RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN INDIA: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE |url=https://sikhinstitute.org/oct_2012/5-divjot.pdf |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=sikhinstitute.org}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Literacy rate by religion in Punjab - Census 2001
!Sr. No.
! Religion
! Percentage
|-
|1||Jains||95.9%
|-
|2||Hindus||74.6%
|-
|3||Buddhists||72.7%
|-
|4||Sikhs||67.3%
|-
|5||Christians||54.6%
|-
|6||Muslims||51.2%
|-
| ||All religious groups||69.7%
|}

==== Caste ====
The table below gives the literacy rate of Scheduled castes by district, according to the 2011 census.<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://data.gov.in/|title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India|date=21 January 2022|website=data.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=District-wise percentage Literacy of Scheduled Castes (Male) from 1971 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-percentage-literacy-scheduled-castes-male-1971-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=District-wise percentage Literacy of Scheduled Castes (Female) from 1971 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-percentage-literacy-scheduled-castes-female-1971-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=District-wise no. of Literate Scheduled Castes (Total) Population from 1971 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-no-literate-scheduled-castes-total-population-1971-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Scheduled caste (SC) literacy rate by districts - Census 2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=District-wise percentage Literacy of Scheduled Castes (Total) from 1971 to 2011 {{!}} Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-percentage-literacy-scheduled-castes-total-1971-2011 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=punjab.data.gov.in|date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!District!!SC Percentage!! District total
|-
|1||Hoshiarpur||82.49%||84.59%
|-
|2||Rupnagar||78.4%||82.19%
|-
|3||Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar||77.72 %||79.78%
|-
|4||SAS Nagar||76.1%||83.80%
|-
|5||Jalandhar||76.68%||82.48%
|-
|6||Gurdaspur||72.89%||79.95%
|-
|7||Ludhiana||72.65%||82.20%
|-
|8||Fatehgarh Sahib||72.19%||79.35%
|-
|9||Kapurthala||71.29%||79.07%
|-
|10||Patiala||62.28%||75.28%
|-
|11||Amritsar||59.16%||76.27%
|-
|12||Sangrur||57.60%||67.99%
|-
|13||Moga||55.23%||70.68%
|-
|14||Firozpur||55.38%||68.92%
|-
|15||Faridkot||54.91%||69.55%
|-
|16||Barnala||54.91%||67.82%
|-
|17||Bathinda||53.09%||68.28%
|-
|18||Tarn Taran||51.37%||67.81%
|-
|19||Muktsar||50.46%||65.81%
|-
|20||Mansa||48.72%||61.83%
|-
| ||Punjab||64.81%||75.84%.
|}

==Human Development Index==

According [[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]], Punjab's HDI for 2023 is 0.794.<ref name="UNDP">{{cite report|title=Subnational HDI|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/?levels=1+4&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0|access-date=1 April 2026|work=Global Data Lab, [[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> The table below shows the district wise [[human development index]] of Punjab through the years.<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |title=How well is Punjab Progressing in Human Development? A District Wise Analysis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342122677 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Human Development index of Punjab by district<ref name="auto9"/>
!Sr. No.!! District!!2017!!2011!!2001!!1991!!Percentage change 1991–2017
|-
|1||Ludhiana||0.794||0.747||0.761||0.650||22.1%
|-
|2||Moga||0.695||0.679||0.683||--||--
|-
|3||Sangrur||0.669||0.666||0.654||0.534||25.2%
|-
|4||Bathinda||0.659||0.658|0.740|||0.539||22.2%
|-
|5||Tarn Taran||0.654||0.646||--||--||--
|-
|6||SAS Nagar||0.653||0.701||--||--||--
|-
|7||Fatehgarh Sahib||0.648||0.69||0.74||--||--
|-
|8||Kapurthala||0.646||0.703||0.707||0.603||7.3%
|-
|9||Amritsar||0.635||0.685||0.700||0.608||4.4%
|-
|10||Rupnagar||0.629||0.675||0.751||0.623||0.9%
|-
|11||SBS Nagar||0.627||0.707||0.707||--||--
|-
|12||Jalandhar||0.618||0.738||0.708||0.610||1.3%
|-
|13||Barnala||0.617||0.649||--||--||--
|-
|14||Hoshiarpur||0.615||0.721||0.718||0.606||1.4%
|-
|15||Patiala||0.607||0.695||0.697||0.589||3.0%
|-
|16||Mansa||0.601||0.595||0.633||--||--
|-
|17||Faridkot||0.599||0.642||0.698||0.573||4.5%
|-
|18||Muktsar||0.572||0.633||0.651||--||--
|-
|19||Firozpur||0.563||0.606||0.689||0.568||-0.8%
|-
|20||Pathankot||0.538||--||--||--||--
|-
|21||Fazilka||0.505||--||--||--||--
|-
|22||Gurdaspur||0.503||0.673||0.723||0.612||-17.6%
|-
| ||Punjab||0.620||0.643||0.667||0.591||4.9%
|}

==Caste population==
{{Main|Scheduled Castes in Punjab, India}}

As of September 2020, the [[caste]] population data foreach [[Forward caste]] citizen in Punjab collected in ''[[Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011]]'' has not been released to public by [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Raw caste data collected in 2011 given to social justice ministry, govt tells Rajya Sabha | website=ThePrint | date=2020-09-16 | url=https://theprint.in/india/raw-caste-data-collected-in-2011-given-to-social-justice-ministry-govt-tells-rajya-sabha/503770/ | access-date=2020-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/caste-census-2011-not-yet-released/article24273716.ece|title='Caste Census-2011 not yet released'|date=2018-06-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-30|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Scheduled Castes]] and [[Other Backward Class]]es form 63.2% of the total population of Punjab.<ref>{{cite web | last=Ganesan | first=Rajeshwari | title=Eye on AAP? Congress bets big on Dalit Sikhs, bid to please Jats too | website=Times Now | date=2021-09-20 | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/eye-on-aap-congress-bets-big-on-dalit-sikhs-bid-to-please-jats-too/814499 | access-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption=Castes of Punjab (2011)
|label2 = [[Scheduled Castes]] ([[Dalit]]s)
|value2 = 31.9
|color2 = Blue
|label1 = [[Forward caste|Upper castes]] (Brahmin, Khatri, Arora, Baniya, Hindu Rajput, Ahluwalia, Jats)
|value1 = 33
|color1 = Green
|label3 = [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC or BC)
|value3 = 31.3
|color3 = Orange
|label4 = religious minorities
|value4 = 3.8
|color4 = Red
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;font-size: 95%;align:center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Caste Population data of Punjab
|-
! [[Constitution of India|Constitutional categories]] || Population (%) ||[[Caste]]s
|-
| General caste
||33%
||includes 18% [[Jat Sikh]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab's Jat Sikhs and their political dominance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjabs-jat-sikhs-and-their-political-dominance/articleshow/89882577.cms |access-date=19 January 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=9 March 2022}}</ref> 15 % [[Ahir]](in Patiala & Sangrur), [[Brahmin]], [[Khatri]], [[Arora]], [[Rajput]] (includes Sikh Rajputs), [[Sood (surname)|Sood]], [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]], [[Mahajan]]
|-
| [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBC)
|| 31.3%<ref>{{cite web | last=Jagga | first=Raakhi | title=31.3 per cent are other backward classes (OBCs) | website=The Indian Express | date=2021-09-20 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/punjab-congress-named-dalit-cm-with-an-eye-on-2022-polls-7519962/ | access-date=2021-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Quota will have little impact in Punjab | website=The Tribune | date=2019-01-11 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/quota-will-have-little-impact-in-punjab-711664 | access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref>
|| includes [[Saini]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Castes Under BC|url=http://welfarepunjab.gov.in/Static/Bccastes.html|access-date=2021-07-03|website=welfarepunjab.gov.in|archive-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506165826/http://welfarepunjab.gov.in/Static/Bccastes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[Kamboj]], [[Labana]], [[Tarkhan (Punjab)|Tarkhan]]/[[Ramgarhia]], [[Kumhar]]/[[Prajapati]], [[Arain]], [[Gujjar]], [[Teli]], [[Banjara]], Others
|-
| [[Scheduled Castes]] ([[Dalit]]s not including [[Rai Sikh]] statistics<ref>{{cite web | title=Punjab's many Dalit Sikhs – Ramdasia, Ravidasia, Mazhabis, Ranghretas, Rai, Sansi | website=ThePrint | date=2021-09-21 | url=https://theprint.in/opinion/punjabs-many-dalit-sikhs-ramdasia-ravidasia-mazhabis-ranghretas-rai-sansi/736978/ | access-date=2021-11-14}}</ref>)
|| 31.9%<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/scs-sts-form-25--of-population-says-census-2011-data/1109988/ | title=SCs, STs form 25% of population, says Census 2011 data | quote=The highest SC population, 31.9 per cent of the state's total number, is in Punjab | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=1 May 2013 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>
||includes [[Mazhabi Sikh]] - 10%, ([[Ramdasia]], [[Ravidassia]], [[Ad-Dharmi]]-[[Chamar|Chamar castes cluster]] - 13.1%), [[Valmiki caste|Balmiki]]/[[Chuhra|Bhanghi]] - 3.5%, [[Bazigar]] - 1.05% Others castes like Sansi, chimba, nai, julaha and many more - 4%<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613235058/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-13 |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Religious minorities in India|religious minorities]]''
|| 3.8%<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Census Reference Tables, C-Series Population by religious communities|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2019-08-18}}</ref>
||includes [[Islam in Punjab, India|Muslims]], [[Christianity in Punjab, India|Christians]], [[Buddhism in India|Buddhists]], [[Jainism|Jains]]
|}

Below is the list of districts according to the percentage of their SC population, according to 2011 census.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto8"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-no-scheduled-castes-total-population-1971-2011 | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-no-scheduled-castes-female-population-1971-2011 | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Scheduled Caste population by district (2011)<ref name="auto8"/>
!Sr. No.
!District
! Percentage
|-
|1||Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar||42.51%
|-
|2||Muktsar||42.31%
|-
|3||Fazilka||42.27%
|-
|4||Firozpur||42.07%
|-
|5||Jalandhar||38.95%
|-
|6||Faridkot||38.92%
|-
|7||Moga||36.50%
|-
|8||Hoshiarpur||35.14%
|-
|9||Kapurthala||33.94%
|-
|10||Tarn Taran||33.71%
|-
|11||Mansa||33.63%
|-
|12||Bathinda||32.44%
|-
|13||Barnala||32.24%
|-
|14||Fatehgarh Sahib||32.07%
|-
|15||Amritsar||30.95%
|-
|16||Pathankot||30.60%
|-
|17||Sangrur||27.89%
|-
|18||Ludhiana||26.39%
|-
|19||Rupnagar||25.42%
|-
|20||Patiala||24.55%
|-
|21||Gurdaspur||23.03%
|-
|22||SAS Nagar||21.74%
|}

'''Scheduled caste (SC) population among different religions in Punjab - Census 2011'''<ref>{{cite web |title=SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Punjab - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2108 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General India |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Religion
! Total Population
! Scheduled Caste Population
! Scheduled Caste Population %
|-
| Sikh
| 16,004,754
| 5,390,484
| 33.68%
|-
| Hindu
| 10,678,138
| 3,442,305
| 32.23%
|-
| Buddhist
| 33,237
| 27,390
| 82.40%
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+District wise Scheduled Caste Percentage (For each caste separately) (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Punjab - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42884 |publisher=Government of India |access-date=17 January 2026}}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!District
! Ravidassia/Addharmi Caste %
! Mazhabi/Valmiki Caste %
! Rai-Sikh Caste %
! Julaha Caste %
! Sansi Caste %
|-
|1||SBS Nagar||34.88%||2.72%||0.02%||0.2%||0.32%
|-
|2||Hoshiarpur||26.34%||3.62%||0.02%||0.55%||0.17%
|-
|3||Jalandhar||21.43%||11.07%||0.87%||2.03%||0.45%
|-
|4||Fatehgarh Sahib||19.2%||7.61%||0.01%||0.16%||0.34%
|-
|5||Rupnagar||16.85%||4.36%||0%||0.84%||0.06%
|-
|6||Sangrur||15.77%||10.51%||0.01%||0.04%||0.64%
|-
|7||Barnala||15.18%||13.22%||0%||0.05%||0.36%
|-
|8||Ludhiana||14.94%||6.4%||0.52%||0.34%||0.32%
|-
|9||SAS Nagar||11.65%||5.82%||0.02%||0.23%||0.16%
|-
|10||Mansa||11.33%||16.1%||1.48%||0.04%||0.15%
|-
|11||Kapurthala||11.04%||17.21%||2.53%||0.31%||0.25%
|-
|12||Patiala||10.18%||7.56%||0.15%||0.08%||0.3%
|-
|13||Bathinda||7.83%||17.84%||0.23%||0.19%||0.16%
|-
|14||Gurdaspur||5.79%||6.6%||0.1%||2.11%||0.79%
|-
|15||Muktsar||5.54%||25.9%||0.75%||1.57%||0.33%
|-
|16||Faridkot||4.35%||26.57%||0.02%||0.05%||0.27%
|-
|17||Moga||3.14%||25.39%||1.43%||0.04%||0.14%
|-
|18||Firozpur||1.56%||14.5%||18.44%||2.33%||0.51%
|-
|19||Amritsar||1.28%||22.84%||1.72%||1.28%||0.77%
|-
|20||Tarn Taran||0.32%||28.17%||0.03%||0.01%||1.57
|}

===Crimes against SC/STs ===
The table below shows the number of recorded crimes against scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people from 2010 to 2018.<ref name="auto4">{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/incidence-crimes-punjab-against-scst-2010-2018 | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Crimes against scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people in Punjab<ref name="auto4"/>
!Year!!Murder!!Rape!!POA Act!!Hurt!!Kidnapping!!Miscellaneous
|-
|2018||13 ||30||32||6||4 ||82
|-
|2017||7 ||17||31||3||2||58
|-
|2016||7 ||16||41||1||3||64
|-
|2015||8 ||14||23||5||3||94
|-
|2014 ||4||19||16||2||3||79
|-
|2013 ||7||22||13||37||8||39
|-
|2012||4 ||12||8||21||2||24
|-
|2011||5 ||9||24||27||2||22
|-
|2010||4||18||50||13||0||30
|}

==Urbanization==
The table below shows the percentage of rural population in each district of Punjab in ascending order, according to the 2011 census.<ref name="auto5">{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/resource/district-wise-rural-population-percentage-total-population-1971-2011 | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Percentage of rural population by district - Census 2011<ref name="auto5"/>
!Sr. No.!!District!!Rural percentage
|-
|1||Ludhiana||40.84%
|-
|2||SAS Nagar||45.24%
|-
|3||Amritsar||46.42%
|-
|4||Jalandhar||47.07%
|-
|5||Pathankot||55.93%
|-
|6||Patiala||59.74%
|-
|7||Bathinda||64.05%
|-
|8||Faridkot||64.85%
|-
|9||Kapurthala||65.35%
|-
|10||Barnala||67.98%
|-
|11||Sangrur||68.83%
|-
|12||Fatehgarh Sahib||69.02%
|-
|13||Ferozepur||71.54%
|-
|14||Sri Muktsar Sahib||72.04%
|-
|15||Fazilka||73.97%
|-
|16||Rupnagar||74.03%
|-
|17||Moga||77.18%
|-
|18||Gurdaspur||77.73%
|-
|19||Mansa||78.75%
|-
|20||Hoshiarpur||78.89%
|-
|21||SBS Nagar||79.52%
|-
|22||Tarn Taran||87.34%
|-
| ||Punjab (whole)||62.52%
|}

==Languages spoken==
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Punjab (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=13–14 |access-date=19 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Punjab |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0300.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |accessdate=16 March 2020}}</ref>
| label1 = Punjabi ([[official]])
| value1 = 89.82
| color1 = turquoise
| label2 = Hindi
| value2 = 7.85
| color2 = coral
| label3 = Others
| value3 = 2.83
| color3 = darkorchid
}}
The [[Punjabi language]] written in the [[Gurmukhi]] script is the official language of the state.<ref>{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Roopinder | title=Punjabi fading in 'Punjabi Suba' | website=The Tribune | date=2019-06-09 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/perspective/punjabi-fading-in-punjabi-suba/785200.html | access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref> [[Muslims]] form a slight majority in the [[Malerkotla]] town and use [[Shahmukhi alphabet|Shahmukhi]] for communication.<ref>{{cite web | last=India | first=Tribune | title=Waqf Board divided over use of Punjabi in recruitment | website=The Tribune | date=2020-06-17 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/waqf-board-divided-over-use-of-punjabi-in-recruitment-100234 | access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] is the sole official language of Punjab and is spoken by the majority of the population numbering around 24,919,067 constituting (89.82%) of the population as of 2011 census report. [[Hindi]] is the second largest language, spoken by 2,177,853 constituting 7.85% of the population. And the remaining 646,418 spoke other Indian languages, comprising 2.83% in the Others category.<ref name="census2011-langreport"/>

==Religion in Punjab==
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Punjab, India (2011)
| label1 = [[Sikhism]]
| value1 = 57.69
| color1 = darkkhaki
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 38.49
| color2 = orange
| label3 = [[Islam]]
| value3 = 1.93
| color3 = #00bf6c
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 1.26
| color4 = blue
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.16
| color5 = darkorchid
| label6 = [[Buddhism]]
| value6 = 0.12
| color6 = yellow
| value7 = 0.35
| label7 = Others/not stated
| color7 = lightgrey
}}

[[File:Religion Map of Punjab (2011 Census).svg|thumb|Religion Map of Punjab as of the 2011 Census (Orange: Hindu, Yellow: Sikh). Darker shade equates to higher percentage of the respective district]]

=== 2001 and 2011 census ===

[[Sikhism]] is the most common faith in Punjab, numbering over 16 million people representing 57.69% of the population, making it the only Sikh-majority state in India. Around 38.49% of the population (10.68 million) follow [[Hinduism]], while [[Islam]] is followed by 1.93% of the population (535,000) and [[Christianity]] 1.26% (350,000).<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/survey-puts-obc-population-at-40-pc/story-CuajzBUPRt4LZCtiw6aSbI.html |title=Although the OBC share in the country's population is about 41 per cent, in states like Punjab, the concentration of the OBC population is less than 25 per cent |newspaper=Hindustantimes.com |date=3 September 2007 |accessdate= 6 July 2016}}</ref> Other faiths include [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] which are followed in smaller numbers. There were also nearly 90,000 people that did not state their religion.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=Population by religious community: Punjab |work=2011 Census of India |accessdate=2015-08-27 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |2001 Census<ref name="religion20012">{{cite web |title=Total population by religious communities |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm |archive-date=19 January 2008 |access-date=9 October 2023 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 Census<ref name="religion3">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
| style="background:#F0F0C0;" |[[Sikhism in India|Sikh]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
|14,592,387
|59.91%
|16,004,754
|57.69%
|-
| style="background:#FFE0C0;" |[[Hinduism in India|Hindu]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
|8,997,942
|36.94%
|10,678,138
|38.49%
|-
| style="background:#E0FFD0;" |[[Islam in India|Muslim]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
|382,045
|1.57%
|535,489
|1.93%
|-
| style="background:#E0E0FF;" |[[Christianity in India|Christian]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
|292,800
|1.20%
|348,230
|1.26%
|-
| style="background:#F0E0F0;" |[[Jainism in India|Jain]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
|39,276
|0.16%
|45,040
|0.16%
|-
| style="background:#FFFFC0;" |[[History of Buddhism in India|Buddhist]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
|41,487
|0.17%
|33,237
|0.12%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Others
|8,594
|0.03%
|10,886
|0.04%
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Religion not stated
|n/a
|n/a
|87,564
|0.31%
|-
| style="text-align:left" |'''Total'''
|'''24,358,999'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''27,743,338'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

==== Urban and rural areas ====

The table given below shows the religion in the [[urban areas]] of Punjab, according to 2011 census.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.findeasy.in/punjab-population-by-religion/|title=Punjab population by religion 2023 | Caste wise population|date=11 September 2021}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Religion in urban vs rural areas of Punjab
|-
! rowspan="2" | Religion
! colspan="2" | Urban
! colspan="2" | Rural
|-
! Percentage || Population
! Percentage || Population
|-
| Hindu
| {{percentage bar|60.41}} || 6,282,072
| {{percentage bar|25.35}} || 4,396,066
|-
| Sikh
| {{percentage bar|35.16}} || 3,656,299
| {{percentage bar|71.20}} || 12,348,455
|-
| Muslim
| {{percentage bar|2.47}} || 256,664
| {{percentage bar|1.61}} || 278,825
|-
| Christian
| {{percentage bar|1.01}} || 105,253
| {{percentage bar|1.40}} || 242,977
|-
| Jain
| {{percentage bar|0.39}} || 40,674
| {{percentage bar|0.03}} || 4,366
|-
| Buddhist
| {{percentage bar|0.09}} || 9,660
| {{percentage bar|0.14}} || 23,577
|-
| Other religions and persuasions
| {{percentage bar|0.04}} || 4,240
| {{percentage bar|0.04}} || 6,646
|-
| Religion not stated
| {{percentage bar|0.43}} || 44,284
| {{percentage bar|0.25}} || 43,280
|-
! Total
! || 10,399,146
! || 17,344,192
|}

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Punjab.

{|class="wikitable sort"
|+Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Punjab<ref>{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-population-religion-punjab | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |
! Hindu
! Sikh
! Christian
! Muslim
! Other religions
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1991
! Urban
| 29,81,804
| 15,42,623
| 33,503
| 60,395
| 29,432
|-
! Rural
| 32,18,391
| 86,56,518
| 1,51,431
| 1,07,699
| 7,119
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2001
! Urban
| 49,33,743
| 30,24,950
| 81,642
| 1,66,529
| 55,649
|-
! Rural
| 40,64,199
| 1,15,67,437
| 2,11,160
| 2,15,518
| 38,176
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2011
! Urban
| 62,82,072
| 36,56,299
| 1,05,253
| 2,56,664
| 98,858
|-
! Rural
| 43,96,066
| 1,23,48,455
| 2,42,977
| 2,78,825
| 77,869
|}

=== 1971 census ===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1971)<ref name="Census1971Punjab"/>
| label1 = [[Sikhism]]
| value1 = 60.22
| color1 = DarkKhaki
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 37.54
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Christianity]]
| value3 = 1.20
| color3 = DodgerBlue
| label4 = [[Islam]]
| value4 = 0.84
| color4 = Green
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.16
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.04
| color6 = grey
}}
Following the [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966|Punjab Reorganisation Act]] of 1966, the borders of the East Punjab region were finalized and delineated. The states that form this region at present include [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], the [[Union Territory of Chandigarh]].

The religious demography according to the 1971 census for the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is shown below, broken down by district with an overall total.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the districts that comprise the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]] region (1971)<ref name="Census1971Punjab">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28585 |title=Distribution of Population Religion and Scheduled Castes, Part II-C(i) and Part V-A, Series-17, Punjab - Census 1971 |website=Census Digital Library|pages=9|access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |[[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Firozpur district]]
| 1,240,218
| {{Percentage | 1240218 | 1905833 | 2 }}
| 639,911
| {{Percentage | 639911 | 1905833 | 2 }}
| 16,158
| {{Percentage | 16158 | 1905833 | 2 }}
| 6,340
| {{Percentage | 6340 | 1905833 | 2 }}
| 1,084
| {{Percentage | 1084 | 1905833 | 2 }}
| 2,122
| {{Percentage | 2122 | 1905833 | 2 }}
! 1,905,833
! {{Percentage | 1905833 | 1905833 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district]]
| 1,362,291
| {{Percentage | 1362291 | 1835500 | 2 }}
| 430,019
| {{Percentage | 430019 | 1835500 | 2 }}
| 37,703
| {{Percentage | 37703 | 1835500 | 2 }}
| 3,044
| {{Percentage | 3044 | 1835500 | 2 }}
| 2,295
| {{Percentage | 2295 | 1835500 | 2 }}
| 148
| {{Percentage | 148 | 1835500 | 2 }}
! 1,835,500
! {{Percentage | 1835500 | 1835500 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district]]
| 653,018
| {{Percentage | 653018 | 1454501 | 2 }}
| 784,048
| {{Percentage | 784048 | 1454501 | 2 }}
| 10,705
| {{Percentage | 10705 | 1454501 | 2 }}
| 3,362
| {{Percentage | 3362 | 1454501 | 2 }}
| 2,660
| {{Percentage | 2660 | 1454501 | 2 }}
| 708
| {{Percentage | 708 | 1454501 | 2 }}
! 1,454,501
! {{Percentage | 1454501 | 1454501 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district]]
| 932,712
| {{Percentage | 932712 | 1419421 | 2 }}
| 471,519
| {{Percentage | 471519 | 1419421 | 2 }}
| 3,027
| {{Percentage | 3027 | 1419421 | 2 }}
| 5,620
| {{Percentage | 5620 | 1419421 | 2 }}
| 6,176
| {{Percentage | 6176 | 1419421 | 2 }}
| 367
| {{Percentage | 367 | 1419421 | 2 }}
! 1,419,421
! {{Percentage | 1419421 | 1419421 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bhatinda district]]
| 1,014,091
| {{Percentage | 1014091 | 1318134 | 2 }}
| 297,382
| {{Percentage | 297382 | 1318134 | 2 }}
| 752
| {{Percentage | 752 | 1318134 | 2 }}
| 3,829
| {{Percentage | 3829 | 1318134 | 2 }}
| 2,072
| {{Percentage | 2072 | 1318134 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 1318134 | 2 }}
! 1,318,134
! {{Percentage | 1318134 | 1318134 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district]]
| 550,996
| {{Percentage | 550996 | 1229249 | 2 }}
| 590,290
| {{Percentage | 590290 | 1229249 | 2 }}
| 79,732
| {{Percentage | 79732 | 1229249 | 2 }}
| 6,868
| {{Percentage | 6868 | 1229249 | 2 }}
| 152
| {{Percentage | 152 | 1229249 | 2 }}
| 1,211
| {{Percentage | 1211 | 1229249 | 2 }}
! 1,229,249
! {{Percentage | 1229249 | 1229249 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Patiala district]]
| 659,020
| {{Percentage | 659020 | 1215100 | 2 }}
| 539,128
| {{Percentage | 539128 | 1215100 | 2 }}
| 1,696
| {{Percentage | 1696 | 1215100 | 2 }}
| 13,644
| {{Percentage | 13644 | 1215100 | 2 }}
| 1,380
| {{Percentage | 1380 | 1215100 | 2 }}
| 232
| {{Percentage | 232 | 1215100 | 2 }}
! 1,215,100
! {{Percentage | 1215100 | 1215100 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sangrur district]]
| 767,071
| {{Percentage | 767071 | 1146650 | 2 }}
| 311,197
| {{Percentage | 311197 | 1146650 | 2 }}
| 806
| {{Percentage | 806 | 1146650 | 2 }}
| 64,448
| {{Percentage | 64448 | 1146650 | 2 }}
| 2,982
| {{Percentage | 2982 | 1146650 | 2 }}
| 146
| {{Percentage | 146 | 1146650 | 2 }}
! 1,146,650
! {{Percentage | 1146650 | 1146650 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district]]
| 414,323
| {{Percentage | 414323 | 1052153 | 2 }}
| 623,413
| {{Percentage | 623413 | 1052153 | 2 }}
| 8,594
| {{Percentage | 8594 | 1052153 | 2 }}
| 3,456
| {{Percentage | 3456 | 1052153 | 2 }}
| 1,602
| {{Percentage | 1602 | 1052153 | 2 }}
| 765
| {{Percentage | 765 | 1052153 | 2 }}
! 1,052,153
! {{Percentage | 1052153 | 1052153 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rupar district]]
| 303,102
| {{Percentage | 303102 | 545005 | 2 }}
| 237,016
| {{Percentage | 237016 | 545005 | 2 }}
| 1,212
| {{Percentage | 1212 | 545005 | 2 }}
| 2,978
| {{Percentage | 2978 | 545005 | 2 }}
| 655
| {{Percentage | 655 | 545005 | 2 }}
| 42
| {{Percentage | 42 | 545005 | 2 }}
! 545,005
! {{Percentage | 545005 | 545005 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala district]]
| 263,130
| {{Percentage | 263130 | 429514 | 2 }}
| 163,312
| {{Percentage | 163312 | 429514 | 2 }}
| 1,817
| {{Percentage | 1817 | 429514 | 2 }}
| 858
| {{Percentage | 858 | 429514 | 2 }}
| 325
| {{Percentage | 325 | 429514 | 2 }}
| 72
| {{Percentage | 72 | 429514 | 2 }}
! 429,514
! {{Percentage | 429514 | 429514 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 8,159,972
! {{Percentage | 8159972 | 13551060 | 2 }}
! 5,087,235
! {{Percentage | 5087235 | 13551060 | 2 }}
! 162,202
! {{Percentage | 162202 | 13551060 | 2 }}
! 114,447
! {{Percentage | 114447 | 13551060 | 2 }}
! 21,383
! {{Percentage | 21383 | 13551060 | 2 }}
! 5,821
! {{Percentage | 5821 | 13551060 | 2 }}
! 13,551,060
! {{Percentage | 13551060 | 13551060 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" |{{small|Note: Territory comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]].}}
|}

=== 1961 census ===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in East Punjab, India region (1961)<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/><ref name="Census1961Himachal"/>{{efn|name=EastPunjab1961}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]
| value1 = 65.75
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Sikhism]]
| value2 = 31.29
| color2 = DarkKhaki
| label3 = [[Islam]]
| value3 = 1.93
| color3 = Green
| label4 = Christianity
| value4 = 0.69
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.23
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.1
| color6 = grey
}}

The 1961 Census data reflects the post-reorganization administrative boundaries. By this time, the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU)]] had been fully merged into Punjab on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act. Additionally, the former princely state of Bilaspur, a Part-C state, was merged into Himachal Pradesh in 1954. Therefore, the 1961 census tables include populations from the territories of both Punjab (including the former PEPSU regions) and Himachal Pradesh (including Bilaspur), as per their reorganized state boundaries.

The religious demography of the East Punjab region including the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and the [[Union Territory of Chandigarh]] is broken down below by district with an overall total as per the [[1961 census of India]].<ref name="Census1961" /><ref name="Census1961Punjab" /><ref name="Census1961Himachal" />

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts of [[East Punjab]], India region (1961)<ref name="Census1961">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31326 |title=Paper No 1 of 1963, India - Census 1961 |website=Census Digital Library |pages=4–9 |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="Census1961Punjab">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32026|title=Social and Cultural Tables, Part II-C(i), Vol-XIII, Punjab - Census 1961 |website=Census Digital Library|pages=349|access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="Census1961Himachal">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28305|title=Cultural & Migration Tables, Part II-C, Volume-XX, Himachal Pradesh - Census 1961 |website=Census Digital Library|pages=143|access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref>{{efn|name=EastPunjab1961|Immediately following the [[Partition of India|partition of India in 1947]], [[Districts of British India|districts]] and [[Princely state]]s that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]] formed the subdivision of East Punjab, which included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]].<ref name="Census1951"/> The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and the [[Union Territory of Chandigarh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |District
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Firozpur district]]
| 657,712
| {{Percentage | 657712 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 936,953
| {{Percentage | 936953 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 3,369
| {{Percentage | 3369 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 19,234
| {{Percentage | 19234 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 1,746
| {{Percentage | 1746 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 102
| {{Percentage | 102 | 1619116 | 2 }}
! 1,619,116
! {{Percentage | 1619116 | 1619116 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hissar district]]
| 1,374,258
| {{Percentage | 1374258 | 1540508 | 2 }}
| 152,719
| {{Percentage | 152719 | 1540508 | 2 }}
| 6,203
| {{Percentage | 6203 | 1540508 | 2 }}
| 1,022
| {{Percentage | 1022 | 1540508 | 2 }}
| 6,021
| {{Percentage | 6021 | 1540508 | 2 }}
| 285
| {{Percentage | 285 | 1540508 | 2 }}
! 1,540,508
! {{Percentage | 1540508 | 1540508 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district]]
| 506,170
| {{Percentage | 506170 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 990,344
| {{Percentage | 990344 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 2,401
| {{Percentage | 2401 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 33,739
| {{Percentage | 33739 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 1,987
| {{Percentage | 1987 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 275
| {{Percentage | 275 | 1534916 | 2 }}
! 1,534,916
! {{Percentage | 1534916 | 1534916 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district]]
| 1,293,354
| {{Percentage | 1293354 | 1490430 | 2 }}
| 177,602
| {{Percentage | 177602 | 1490430 | 2 }}
| 14,159
| {{Percentage | 14159 | 1490430 | 2 }}
| 2,094
| {{Percentage | 2094 | 1490430 | 2 }}
| 3,207
| {{Percentage | 3207 | 1490430 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 1490430 | 2 }}
! 1,490,430
! {{Percentage | 1490430 | 1490430 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sangrur district]]
| 738,816
| {{Percentage | 738816 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 622,227
| {{Percentage | 622227 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 55,738
| {{Percentage | 55738 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 577
| {{Percentage | 577 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 7,328
| {{Percentage | 7328 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 1424688 | 2 }}
! 1,424,688
! {{Percentage | 1424688 | 1424688 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district]]
| 1,400,347
| {{Percentage | 1400347 | 1420391 | 2 }}
| 6,439
| {{Percentage | 6439 | 1420391 | 2 }}
| 7,349
| {{Percentage | 7349 | 1420391 | 2 }}
| 355
| {{Percentage | 355 | 1420391 | 2 }}
| 5,471
| {{Percentage | 5471 | 1420391 | 2 }}
| 430
| {{Percentage | 430 | 1420391 | 2 }}
! 1,420,391
! {{Percentage | 1420391 | 1420391 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district]]
| 981,288
| {{Percentage | 981288 | 1373477 | 2 }}
| 340,968
| {{Percentage | 340968 | 1373477 | 2 }}
| 40,351
| {{Percentage | 40351 | 1373477 | 2 }}
| 4,877
| {{Percentage | 4877 | 1373477 | 2 }}
| 5,318
| {{Percentage | 5318 | 1373477 | 2 }}
| 675
| {{Percentage | 675 | 1373477 | 2 }}
! 1,373,477
! {{Percentage | 1373477 | 1373477 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district]]
| 1,011,862
| {{Percentage | 1011862 | 1240706 | 2 }}
| 8,362
| {{Percentage | 8362 | 1240706 | 2 }}
| 216,767
| {{Percentage | 216767 | 1240706 | 2 }}
| 730
| {{Percentage | 730 | 1240706 | 2 }}
| 2,930
| {{Percentage | 2930 | 1240706 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 1240706 | 2 }}
! 1,240,706
! {{Percentage | 1240706 | 1240706 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district]]
| 835,436
| {{Percentage | 835436 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 381,965
| {{Percentage | 381965 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 7,050
| {{Percentage | 7050 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 7,207
| {{Percentage | 7207 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 1,794
| {{Percentage | 1794 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 1233493 | 2 }}
! 1,233,493
! {{Percentage | 1233493 | 1233493 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district]]
| 662,631
| {{Percentage | 662631 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 550,232
| {{Percentage | 550232 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 3,184
| {{Percentage | 3184 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 8,733
| {{Percentage | 8733 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 2,278
| {{Percentage | 2278 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 309
| {{Percentage | 309 | 1227367 | 2 }}
! 1,227,367
! {{Percentage | 1227367 | 1227367 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district]]
| 1,043,387
| {{Percentage | 1043387 | 1062518 | 2 }}
| 8,854
| {{Percentage | 8854 | 1062518 | 2 }}
| 6,701
| {{Percentage | 6701 | 1062518 | 2 }}
| 1,251
| {{Percentage | 1251 | 1062518 | 2 }}
| 127
| {{Percentage | 127 | 1062518 | 2 }}
| 2,198
| {{Percentage | 2198 | 1062518 | 2 }}
! 1,062,518
! {{Percentage | 1062518 | 1062518 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bhatinda district]]
| 285,967
| {{Percentage | 285967 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 762,677
| {{Percentage | 762677 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 3,340
| {{Percentage | 3340 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 956
| {{Percentage | 956 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 2,209
| {{Percentage | 2209 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 1055177 | 2 }}
! 1,055,177
! {{Percentage | 1055177 | 1055177 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Patiala district]]
| 480,086
| {{Percentage | 480086 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 553,438
| {{Percentage | 553438 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 11,714
| {{Percentage | 11714 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 1,565
| {{Percentage | 1565 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 1,944
| {{Percentage | 1944 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 31
| {{Percentage | 31 | 1048778 | 2 }}
! 1,048,778
! {{Percentage | 1048778 | 1048778 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district]]
| 365,429
| {{Percentage | 365429 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 644,266
| {{Percentage | 644266 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 4,686
| {{Percentage | 4686 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 2,638
| {{Percentage | 2638 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 5,110
| {{Percentage | 5110 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 390
| {{Percentage | 390 | 1022519 | 2 }}
! 1,022,519
! {{Percentage | 1022519 | 1022519 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district]]
| 494,635
| {{Percentage | 494635 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 424,190
| {{Percentage | 424190 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 5,566
| {{Percentage | 5566 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 62,231
| {{Percentage | 62231 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 69
| {{Percentage | 69 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 1,303
| {{Percentage | 1303 | 987994 | 2 }}
! 987,994
! {{Percentage | 987994 | 987994 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mahendragarh district]]
| 543,480
| {{Percentage | 543480 | 547850 | 2 }}
| 2,222
| {{Percentage | 2222 | 547850 | 2 }}
| 1,456
| {{Percentage | 1456 | 547850 | 2 }}
| 29
| {{Percentage | 29 | 547850 | 2 }}
| 663
| {{Percentage | 663 | 547850 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 547850 | 2 }}
! 547,850
! {{Percentage | 547850 | 547850 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi district]]
| 380,453
| {{Percentage | 380453 | 384259 | 2 }}
| 1,759
| {{Percentage | 1759 | 384259 | 2 }}
| 1,868
| {{Percentage | 1868 | 384259 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 384259 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 384259 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 384259 | 2 }}
! 384,259
! {{Percentage | 384259 | 384259 | 2 }}
|-
| Mahasu district
| 354,247
| {{Percentage | 354247 | 358969 | 2 }}
| 793
| {{Percentage | 793 | 358969 | 2 }}
| 2,958
| {{Percentage | 2958 | 358969 | 2 }}
| 203
| {{Percentage | 203 | 358969 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 358969 | 2 }}
| 759
| {{Percentage | 759 | 358969 | 2 }}
! 358,969
! {{Percentage | 358969 | 358969 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala district]]
| 140,828
| {{Percentage | 140828 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 200,117
| {{Percentage | 200117 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 856
| {{Percentage | 856 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 1,535
| {{Percentage | 1535 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 416
| {{Percentage | 416 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 343778 | 2 }}
! 343,778
! {{Percentage | 343778 | 343778 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba district]]
| 197,821
| {{Percentage | 197821 | 210579 | 2 }}
| 398
| {{Percentage | 398 | 210579 | 2 }}
| 10,512
| {{Percentage | 10512 | 210579 | 2 }}
| 105
| {{Percentage | 105 | 210579 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 210579 | 2 }}
| 1,733
| {{Percentage | 1733 | 210579 | 2 }}
! 210,579
! {{Percentage | 210579 | 210579 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmaur district|Sirmur district]]
| 185,020
| {{Percentage | 185020 | 197551 | 2 }}
| 3,867
| {{Percentage | 3867 | 197551 | 2 }}
| 8,203
| {{Percentage | 8203 | 197551 | 2 }}
| 221
| {{Percentage | 221 | 197551 | 2 }}
| 64
| {{Percentage | 64 | 197551 | 2 }}
| 176
| {{Percentage | 176 | 197551 | 2 }}
! 197,551
! {{Percentage | 197551 | 197551 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]]
| 155,094
| {{Percentage | 155094 | 158806 | 2 }}
| 1,593
| {{Percentage | 1593 | 158806 | 2 }}
| 2,078
| {{Percentage | 2078 | 158806 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 158806 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 158806 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 158806 | 2 }}
! 158,806
! {{Percentage | 158806 | 158806 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla district]]
| 104,784
| {{Percentage | 104784 | 112653 | 2 }}
| 5,392
| {{Percentage | 5392 | 112653 | 2 }}
| 1,214
| {{Percentage | 1214 | 112653 | 2 }}
| 1,059
| {{Percentage | 1059 | 112653 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 112653 | 2 }}
| 69
| {{Percentage | 69 | 112653 | 2 }}
! 112,653
! {{Percentage | 112653 | 112653 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kinnaur district]]
| 37,384
| {{Percentage | 37384 | 40980 | 2 }}
| 27
| {{Percentage | 27 | 40980 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 40980 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 40980 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 40980 | 2 }}
| 3,569
| {{Percentage | 3569 | 40980 | 2 }}
! 40,980
! {{Percentage | 40980 | 40980 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lahaul and Spiti district]]
| 9,575
| {{Percentage | 9575 | 20453 | 2 }}
| 162
| {{Percentage | 162 | 20453 | 2 }}
| 1,210
| {{Percentage | 1210 | 20453 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 20453 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 20453 | 2 }}
| 9,503
| {{Percentage | 9503 | 20453 | 2 }}
! 20,453
! {{Percentage | 20453 | 20453 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 14,240,064
! {{Percentage | 14240064 | 21657956 | 2 }}
! 6,777,566
! {{Percentage | 6777566 | 21657956 | 2 }}
! 418,933
! {{Percentage | 418933 | 21657956 | 2 }}
! 150,426
! {{Percentage | 150426 | 21657956 | 2 }}
! 48,849
! {{Percentage | 48849 | 21657956 | 2 }}
! 22,118
! {{Percentage | 22118 | 21657956 | 2 }}
! 21,657,956
! {{Percentage | 21657956 | 21657956 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1961)<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1961}}
| label1 = [[Sikhism]]
| value1 = 52.76
| color1 = DarkKhaki
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 44.95
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Christianity]]
| value3 = 1.2
| color3 = DodgerBlue
| label4 = [[Islam]]
| value4 = 0.85
| color4 = Green
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.22
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.02
| color6 = grey
}}
The religious demography according to the 1961 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district with an overall total.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the districts that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1961)<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1961|1961 figure taken from the [[1961 census of India]] by combining the total population of all [[List of districts of Punjab, India|districts]] ([[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]], [[Bathinda district|Bhatinda]], [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]], [[Barnala district|Barnala]], [[Patiala district|Patiala]], and [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]]. See 1961 census data here:<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/>}}
! rowspan="2" |[[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Firozpur district]]
| 936,953
| {{Percentage | 936953 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 657,712
| {{Percentage | 657712 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 19,234
| {{Percentage | 19234 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 3,369
| {{Percentage | 3369 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 1,746
| {{Percentage | 1746 | 1619116 | 2 }}
| 102
| {{Percentage | 102 | 1619116 | 2 }}
! 1,619,116
! {{Percentage | 1619116 | 1619116 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district]]
| 990,344
| {{Percentage | 990344 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 506,170
| {{Percentage | 506170 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 33,739
| {{Percentage | 33739 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 2,401
| {{Percentage | 2401 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 1,987
| {{Percentage | 1987 | 1534916 | 2 }}
| 275
| {{Percentage | 275 | 1534916 | 2 }}
! 1,534,916
! {{Percentage | 1534916 | 1534916 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sangrur district]]
| 622,227
| {{Percentage | 622227 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 738,816
| {{Percentage | 738816 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 577
| {{Percentage | 577 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 55,738
| {{Percentage | 55738 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 7,328
| {{Percentage | 7328 | 1424688 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 1424688 | 2 }}
! 1,424,688
! {{Percentage | 1424688 | 1424688 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district]]
| 381,965
| {{Percentage | 381965 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 835,436
| {{Percentage | 835436 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 7,207
| {{Percentage | 7207 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 7,050
| {{Percentage | 7050 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 1,794
| {{Percentage | 1794 | 1233493 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 1233493 | 2 }}
! 1,233,493
! {{Percentage | 1233493 | 1233493 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district]]
| 550,232
| {{Percentage | 550232 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 662,631
| {{Percentage | 662631 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 8,733
| {{Percentage | 8733 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 3,184
| {{Percentage | 3184 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 2,278
| {{Percentage | 2278 | 1227367 | 2 }}
| 309
| {{Percentage | 309 | 1227367 | 2 }}
! 1,227,367
! {{Percentage | 1227367 | 1227367 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bhatinda district]]
| 762,677
| {{Percentage | 762677 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 285,967
| {{Percentage | 285967 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 956
| {{Percentage | 956 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 3,340
| {{Percentage | 3340 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 2,209
| {{Percentage | 2209 | 1055177 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 1055177 | 2 }}
! 1,055,177
! {{Percentage | 1055177 | 1055177 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Patiala district]]
| 553,438
| {{Percentage | 553438 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 480,086
| {{Percentage | 480086 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 1,565
| {{Percentage | 1565 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 11,714
| {{Percentage | 11714 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 1,944
| {{Percentage | 1944 | 1048778 | 2 }}
| 31
| {{Percentage | 31 | 1048778 | 2 }}
! 1,048,778
! {{Percentage | 1048778 | 1048778 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district]]
| 644,266
| {{Percentage | 644266 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 365,429
| {{Percentage | 365429 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 2,638
| {{Percentage | 2638 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 4,686
| {{Percentage | 4686 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 5,110
| {{Percentage | 5110 | 1022519 | 2 }}
| 390
| {{Percentage | 390 | 1022519 | 2 }}
! 1,022,519
! {{Percentage | 1022519 | 1022519 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district]]
| 424,190
| {{Percentage | 424190 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 494,635
| {{Percentage | 494635 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 62,231
| {{Percentage | 62231 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 5,566
| {{Percentage | 5566 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 69
| {{Percentage | 69 | 987994 | 2 }}
| 1,303
| {{Percentage | 1303 | 987994 | 2 }}
! 987,994
! {{Percentage | 987994 | 987994 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala district]]
| 200,117
| {{Percentage | 200117 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 140,828
| {{Percentage | 140828 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 1,535
| {{Percentage | 1535 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 856
| {{Percentage | 856 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 416
| {{Percentage | 416 | 343778 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 343778 | 2 }}
! 343,778
! {{Percentage | 343778 | 343778 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 6,066,409
! {{Percentage | 6066409 | 11497826 | 2 }}
! 5,167,710
! {{Percentage | 5167710 | 11497826 | 2 }}
! 138,415
! {{Percentage | 138415 | 11497826 | 2 }}
! 97,904
! {{Percentage | 97904 | 11497826 | 2 }}
! 24,881
! {{Percentage | 24881 | 11497826 | 2 }}
! 2,507
! {{Percentage | 2507 | 11497826 | 2 }}
! 11,497,826
! {{Percentage | 11497826 | 11497826 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Jind]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

=== 1951 census ===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in East Punjab, India region (1951)<ref name="Census1951"/>{{efn|name=EastPunjab1951}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]
| value1 = 64.62
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Sikhism]]
| value2 = 32.75
| color2 = DarkKhaki
| label3 = [[Islam]]
| value3 = 1.77
| color3 = Green
| label4 = Christianity
| value4 = 0.58
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.27
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.02
| color6 = grey
}}

After Partition, East Punjab underwent significant restructuring, particularly in its [[Punjab States Agency]]. Several princely states in the region were merged in 1948 to form the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU)]], while a number of hill states in the north were integrated to form Himachal Pradesh. [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur Princely state]] remained a separate entity as [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. In the 1951 census, these regions — Punjab, PEPSU, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur, and Delhi — were grouped together in a single volume titled ''Census of India, 1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi''. Although Delhi was included in this volume, it had become a separate province in 1911 and is not considered part of East Punjab for statistical purposes.<ref name="Census1951" /> Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by [[Districts of British India|district]] with an overall total as per the [[1951 census of India]].

In the following tables, 268,602 people from the Jullundur Division were not classified by religion due to missing records caused by a fire in the Jullundur Census Tabulation Office. As a result, their religious affiliation could not be included at the district level. These unclassified populations were distributed across Amritsar district (96,720 persons), Gurdaspur district (89,512 persons), Jullundur district (46,834 persons), Ferozepur district (18,283 persons), Kangra district (9,565 persons), Hoshiarpur district (6,362 persons), and Ludhiana district (1,326 persons).<ref>1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi II-A Census Book Page no. 271 - [https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25803729 Census of India, 1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi II-A Jstor.com] or [[iarchive:dli.ernet.425679|Internet Archive]] or [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30477 Census India Gov]</ref> While their district level religious details were omitted, the number was included on the overall provincial tabulation. According to consolidated data, out of the 268,602 individuals, 149,758 persons were [[Sikhs]], 1,658 persons were [[Muslims]] and 117,186 persons were [[Hindus]] and others,<ref>1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi Census book In Last Page no. (XLii) - [https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797139 Census of India, 1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi I-A Jstor.com] or [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31763 Census India gov.]</ref> Therefore, the actual total population of the province/state was not 16,975,754 as shown in the tables below, but 17,244,356 after including these 268,602 individuals.

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts of [[East Punjab]], India region (1951)<ref name="Census1951">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25803729 |jstor=saoa.crl.25803729 |access-date=12 May 2024 |title=Census of India, 1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi |year=1951 |pages=298 |last1=Vashishta |first1=Lakshmi Chandra |last2=India. Superintendent Of Census Operations |first2=Punjab |volume=3 }}</ref>{{efn|name=EastPunjab1951|Immediately following the [[Partition of India|partition of India in 1947]], [[Districts of British India|districts]] and [[Princely state]]s that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]] formed up the subdivision of East Punjab, which included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]].<ref name="Census1951"/> The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and the [[Union Territory of Chandigarh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |District
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total responses
! colspan="2" |Total population
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Firozpur district]]
| 505,937
| {{Percentage | 505937 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 780,024
| {{Percentage | 780024 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 4,805
| {{Percentage | 4805 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 11,976
| {{Percentage | 11976 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 5,475
| {{Percentage | 5475 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1308237 | 2 }}
! 1,308,237
! {{Percentage | 1308237 | 1326520 | 2 }}
! 1,326,520
! {{Percentage | 1326520 | 1326520 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district]]
| 351,710
| {{Percentage | 351710 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 897,309
| {{Percentage | 897309 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 4,237
| {{Percentage | 4237 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 14,753
| {{Percentage | 14753 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 2,115
| {{Percentage | 2115 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 196
| {{Percentage | 196 | 1270320 | 2 }}
! 1,270,320
! {{Percentage | 1270320 | 1367040 | 2 }}
! 1,367,040
! {{Percentage | 1367040 | 1367040 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district]]
| 1,105,046
| {{Percentage | 1105046 | 1122046 | 2 }}
| 7,907
| {{Percentage | 7907 | 1122046 | 2 }}
| 2,562
| {{Percentage | 2562 | 1122046 | 2 }}
| 153
| {{Percentage | 153 | 1122046 | 2 }}
| 5,878
| {{Percentage | 5878 | 1122046 | 2 }}
| 500
| {{Percentage | 500 | 1122046 | 2 }}
! 1,122,046
! {{Percentage | 1122046 | 1122046 | 2 }}
! 1,122,046
! {{Percentage | 1122046 | 1122046 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district]]
| 794,688
| {{Percentage | 794688 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 283,720
| {{Percentage | 283720 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 1,353
| {{Percentage | 1353 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 4,027
| {{Percentage | 4027 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 1,823
| {{Percentage | 1823 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 1085624 | 2 }}
! 1,085,624
! {{Percentage | 1085624 | 1091986 | 2 }}
! 1,091,986
! {{Percentage | 1091986 | 1091986 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district]]
| 974,959
| {{Percentage | 974959 | 1079379 | 2 }}
| 96,458
| {{Percentage | 96458 | 1079379 | 2 }}
| 3,658
| {{Percentage | 3658 | 1079379 | 2 }}
| 490
| {{Percentage | 490 | 1079379 | 2 }}
| 3,813
| {{Percentage | 3813 | 1079379 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1079379 | 2 }}
! 1,079,379
! {{Percentage | 1079379 | 1079379 | 2 }}
! 1,079,379
! {{Percentage | 1079379 | 1079379 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hissar district]]
| 954,714
| {{Percentage | 954714 | 1045645 | 2 }}
| 80,394
| {{Percentage | 80394 | 1045645 | 2 }}
| 3,312
| {{Percentage | 3312 | 1045645 | 2 }}
| 609
| {{Percentage | 609 | 1045645 | 2 }}
| 6,609
| {{Percentage | 6609 | 1045645 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1045645 | 2 }}
! 1,045,645
! {{Percentage | 1045645 | 1045645 | 2 }}
! 1,045,645
! {{Percentage | 1045645 | 1045645 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district]]
| 429,747
| {{Percentage | 429747 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 569,487
| {{Percentage | 569487 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 2,569
| {{Percentage | 2569 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 5,969
| {{Percentage | 5969 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 985
| {{Percentage | 985 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 1008766 | 2 }}
! 1,008,766
! {{Percentage | 1008766 | 1055600 | 2 }}
! 1,055,600
! {{Percentage | 1055600 | 1055600 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district]]
| 794,019
| {{Percentage | 794019 | 967664 | 2 }}
| 6,310
| {{Percentage | 6310 | 967664 | 2 }}
| 163,663
| {{Percentage | 163663 | 967664 | 2 }}
| 769
| {{Percentage | 769 | 967664 | 2 }}
| 2,722
| {{Percentage | 2722 | 967664 | 2 }}
| 181
| {{Percentage | 181 | 967664 | 2 }}
! 967,664
! {{Percentage | 967664 | 967664 | 2 }}
! 967,664
! {{Percentage | 967664 | 967664 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district]]
| 681,477
| {{Percentage | 681477 | 943734 | 2 }}
| 232,456
| {{Percentage | 232456 | 943734 | 2 }}
| 23,106
| {{Percentage | 23106 | 943734 | 2 }}
| 3,690
| {{Percentage | 3690 | 943734 | 2 }}
| 2,983
| {{Percentage | 2983 | 943734 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 943734 | 2 }}
! 943,734
! {{Percentage | 943734 | 943734 | 2 }}
! 943,734
! {{Percentage | 943734 | 943734 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district]]
| 898,564
| {{Percentage | 898564 | 926477 | 2 }}
| 18,401
| {{Percentage | 18401 | 926477 | 2 }}
| 6,426
| {{Percentage | 6426 | 926477 | 2 }}
| 604
| {{Percentage | 604 | 926477 | 2 }}
| 1,199
| {{Percentage | 1199 | 926477 | 2 }}
| 1,283
| {{Percentage | 1283 | 926477 | 2 }}
! 926,477
! {{Percentage | 926477 | 936042 | 2 }}
! 936,042
! {{Percentage | 936042 | 936042 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district]]
| 301,398
| {{Percentage | 301398 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 497,419
| {{Percentage | 497419 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 3,360
| {{Percentage | 3360 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 1,200
| {{Percentage | 1200 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 3,397
| {{Percentage | 3397 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 806779 | 2 }}
! 806,779
! {{Percentage | 806779 | 808105 | 2 }}
! 808,105
! {{Percentage | 808105 | 808105 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district]]
| 346,884
| {{Percentage | 346884 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 354,681
| {{Percentage | 354681 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 9,370
| {{Percentage | 9370 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 50,457
| {{Percentage | 50457 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 388
| {{Percentage | 388 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 761782 | 2 }}
! 761,782
! {{Percentage | 761782 | 851294 | 2 }}
! 851,294
! {{Percentage | 851294 | 851294 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bhatinda district]]
| 144,305
| {{Percentage | 144305 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 521,045
| {{Percentage | 521045 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 416
| {{Percentage | 416 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 450
| {{Percentage | 450 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 574
| {{Percentage | 574 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 666809 | 2 }}
! 666,809
! {{Percentage | 666809 | 666809 | 2 }}
! 666,809
! {{Percentage | 666809 | 666809 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sangrur district]]
| 420,218
| {{Percentage | 420218 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 215,023
| {{Percentage | 215023 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 3,741
| {{Percentage | 3741 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 341
| {{Percentage | 341 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 3,610
| {{Percentage | 3610 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 642934 | 2 }}
! 642,934
! {{Percentage | 642934 | 642934 | 2 }}
! 642,934
! {{Percentage | 642934 | 642934 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Barnala district]]
| 112,635
| {{Percentage | 112635 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 380,811
| {{Percentage | 380811 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 41,673
| {{Percentage | 41673 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 113
| {{Percentage | 113 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 1,484
| {{Percentage | 1484 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 536728 | 2 }}
! 536,728
! {{Percentage | 536728 | 536728 | 2 }}
! 536,728
! {{Percentage | 536728 | 536728 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Patiala district]]
| 273,087
| {{Percentage | 273087 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 246,953
| {{Percentage | 246953 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 2,893
| {{Percentage | 2893 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 499
| {{Percentage | 499 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 689
| {{Percentage | 689 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 148
| {{Percentage | 148 | 524269 | 2 }}
! 524,269
! {{Percentage | 524269 | 524269 | 2 }}
! 524,269
! {{Percentage | 524269 | 524269 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mahendragarh district|Mohinder Garh district]]
| 438,347
| {{Percentage | 438347 | 443074 | 2 }}
| 2,615
| {{Percentage | 2615 | 443074 | 2 }}
| 1,450
| {{Percentage | 1450 | 443074 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 443074 | 2 }}
| 657
| {{Percentage | 657 | 443074 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 443074 | 2 }}
! 443,074
! {{Percentage | 443074 | 443074 | 2 }}
! 443,074
! {{Percentage | 443074 | 443074 | 2 }}
|-
| Mahasu district
| 327,998
| {{Percentage | 327998 | 330614 | 2 }}
| 730
| {{Percentage | 730 | 330614 | 2 }}
| 1,795
| {{Percentage | 1795 | 330614 | 2 }}
| 85
| {{Percentage | 85 | 330614 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 330614 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 330614 | 2 }}
! 330,614
! {{Percentage | 330614 | 330614 | 2 }}
! 330,614
! {{Percentage | 330614 | 330614 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi district]]
| 308,302
| {{Percentage | 308302 | 310626 | 2 }}
| 1,056
| {{Percentage | 1056 | 310626 | 2 }}
| 1,268
| {{Percentage | 1268 | 310626 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 310626 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 310626 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 310626 | 2 }}
! 310,626
! {{Percentage | 310626 | 310626 | 2 }}
! 310,626
! {{Percentage | 310626 | 310626 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala district]]
| 104,679
| {{Percentage | 104679 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 187,568
| {{Percentage | 187568 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 854
| {{Percentage | 854 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 1,547
| {{Percentage | 1547 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 269
| {{Percentage | 269 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 154
| {{Percentage | 154 | 295071 | 2 }}
! 295,071
! {{Percentage | 295071 | 295071 | 2 }}
! 295,071
! {{Percentage | 295071 | 295071 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Fatehgarh Sahib district]]
| 80,141
| {{Percentage | 80141 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 154,714
| {{Percentage | 154714 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 2,269
| {{Percentage | 2269 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 267
| {{Percentage | 267 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 237397 | 2 }}
! 237,397
! {{Percentage | 237397 | 237397 | 2 }}
! 237,397
! {{Percentage | 237397 | 237397 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba district]]
| 170,333
| {{Percentage | 170333 | 176050 | 2 }}
| 300
| {{Percentage | 300 | 176050 | 2 }}
| 5,208
| {{Percentage | 5208 | 176050 | 2 }}
| 208
| {{Percentage | 208 | 176050 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 176050 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 176050 | 2 }}
! 176,050
! {{Percentage | 176050 | 176050 | 2 }}
! 176,050
! {{Percentage | 176050 | 176050 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmaur district|Sirmoor district]]
| 157,815
| {{Percentage | 157815 | 166077 | 2 }}
| 2,626
| {{Percentage | 2626 | 166077 | 2 }}
| 5,588
| {{Percentage | 5588 | 166077 | 2 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 166077 | 2 }}
| 29
| {{Percentage | 29 | 166077 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 166077 | 2 }}
! 166,077
! {{Percentage | 166077 | 166077 | 2 }}
! 166,077
! {{Percentage | 166077 | 166077 | 2 }}
|-
| Kohistan district
| 130,937
| {{Percentage | 130937 | 147403 | 2 }}
| 13,206
| {{Percentage | 13206 | 147403 | 2 }}
| 2,617
| {{Percentage | 2617 | 147403 | 2 }}
| 343
| {{Percentage | 343 | 147403 | 2 }}
| 289
| {{Percentage | 289 | 147403 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 147403 | 2 }}
! 147,403
! {{Percentage | 147403 | 147403 | 2 }}
! 147,403
! {{Percentage | 147403 | 147403 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]]
| 124,393
| {{Percentage | 124393 | 126099 | 2 }}
| 307
| {{Percentage | 307 | 126099 | 2 }}
| 1,394
| {{Percentage | 1394 | 126099 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 126099 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 126099 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 126099 | 2 }}
! 126,099
! {{Percentage | 126099 | 126099 | 2 }}
! 126,099
! {{Percentage | 126099 | 126099 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla district]]
| 37,287
| {{Percentage | 37287 | 46150 | 2 }}
| 7,417
| {{Percentage | 7417 | 46150 | 2 }}
| 659
| {{Percentage | 659 | 46150 | 2 }}
| 596
| {{Percentage | 596 | 46150 | 2 }}
| 131
| {{Percentage | 131 | 46150 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 46150 | 2 }}
! 46,150
! {{Percentage | 46150 | 46150 | 2 }}
! 46,150
! {{Percentage | 46150 | 46150 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! 10,969,620
! {{Percentage | 10969620 | 16975754 | 2 }}
! 5,558,937
! {{Percentage | 5558937 | 16975754 | 2 }}
! 300,246
! {{Percentage | 300246 | 16975754 | 2 }}
! 99,175
! {{Percentage | 99175 | 16975754 | 2 }}
! 45,130
! {{Percentage | 45130 | 16975754 | 2 }}
! 2,646
! {{Percentage | 2646 | 16975754 | 2 }}
! 16,975,754
! {{Percentage | 16975754 | 17244356 | 2 }}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
!{{N/a}}
! 17,244,356
! {{Percentage | 17244356 | 17244356 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="20" | {{small|Note: Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1951)<ref name="Census1951"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1951}}
| label1 = [[Sikhism]]
| value1 = 55.65
| color1 = DarkKhaki
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 42.27
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Christianity]]
| value3 = 1.00
| color3 = DodgerBlue
| label4 = [[Islam]]
| value4 = 0.85
| color4 = Green
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.23
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.01
| color6 = grey
}}
The religious demography according to the 1951 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district with an overall total.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the districts that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1951)<ref name="Census1951"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1951|1951 figure taken from the [[1951 census of India]] by combining the total population of all [[List of districts of Punjab, India|districts]] ([[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]], [[Bathinda district|Bhatinda]], [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]], [[Barnala district|Barnala]], [[Patiala district|Patiala]], [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]], and [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]]. See 1951 census data here:<ref name="Census1951"/>}}
! rowspan="2" |[[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Firozpur district]]
| 780,024
| {{Percentage | 780024 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 505,937
| {{Percentage | 505937 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 11,976
| {{Percentage | 11976 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 4,805
| {{Percentage | 4805 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 5,475
| {{Percentage | 5475 | 1308237 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1308237 | 2 }}
! 1,308,237
! {{Percentage | 1308237 | 1308237 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district]]
| 897,309
| {{Percentage | 897309 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 351,710
| {{Percentage | 351710 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 14,753
| {{Percentage | 14753 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 4,237
| {{Percentage | 4237 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 2,115
| {{Percentage | 2115 | 1270320 | 2 }}
| 196
| {{Percentage | 196 | 1270320 | 2 }}
! 1,270,320
! {{Percentage | 1270320 | 1270320 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district]]
| 283,720
| {{Percentage | 283720 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 794,688
| {{Percentage | 794688 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 4,027
| {{Percentage | 4027 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 1,353
| {{Percentage | 1353 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 1,823
| {{Percentage | 1823 | 1085624 | 2 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 1085624 | 2 }}
! 1,085,624
! {{Percentage | 1085624 | 1085624 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district]]
| 569,487
| {{Percentage | 569487 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 429,747
| {{Percentage | 429747 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 5,969
| {{Percentage | 5969 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 2,569
| {{Percentage | 2569 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 985
| {{Percentage | 985 | 1008766 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 1008766 | 2 }}
! 1,008,766
! {{Percentage | 1008766 | 1008766 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district]]
| 497,419
| {{Percentage | 497419 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 301,398
| {{Percentage | 301398 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 1,200
| {{Percentage | 1200 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 3,360
| {{Percentage | 3360 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 3,397
| {{Percentage | 3397 | 806779 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 806779 | 2 }}
! 806,779
! {{Percentage | 806779 | 806779 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district]]
| 354,681
| {{Percentage | 354681 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 346,884
| {{Percentage | 346884 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 50,457
| {{Percentage | 50457 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 9,370
| {{Percentage | 9370 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 388
| {{Percentage | 388 | 761782 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 761782 | 2 }}
! 761,782
! {{Percentage | 761782 | 761782 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bhatinda district]]
| 521,045
| {{Percentage | 521045 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 144,305
| {{Percentage | 144305 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 450
| {{Percentage | 450 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 416
| {{Percentage | 416 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 574
| {{Percentage | 574 | 666809 | 2 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 666809 | 2 }}
! 666,809
! {{Percentage | 666809 | 666809 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sangrur district]]
| 215,023
| {{Percentage | 215023 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 420,218
| {{Percentage | 420218 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 341
| {{Percentage | 341 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 3,741
| {{Percentage | 3741 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 3,610
| {{Percentage | 3610 | 642934 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 642934 | 2 }}
! 642,934
! {{Percentage | 642934 | 642934 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Barnala district]]
| 380,811
| {{Percentage | 380811 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 112,635
| {{Percentage | 112635 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 113
| {{Percentage | 113 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 41,673
| {{Percentage | 41673 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 1,484
| {{Percentage | 1484 | 536728 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 536728 | 2 }}
! 536,728
! {{Percentage | 536728 | 536728 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Patiala district]]
| 246,953
| {{Percentage | 246953 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 273,087
| {{Percentage | 273087 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 499
| {{Percentage | 499 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 2,893
| {{Percentage | 2893 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 689
| {{Percentage | 689 | 524269 | 2 }}
| 148
| {{Percentage | 148 | 524269 | 2 }}
! 524,269
! {{Percentage | 524269 | 524269 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala district]]
| 187,568
| {{Percentage | 187568 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 104,679
| {{Percentage | 104679 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 1,547
| {{Percentage | 1547 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 854
| {{Percentage | 854 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 269
| {{Percentage | 269 | 295071 | 2 }}
| 154
| {{Percentage | 154 | 295071 | 2 }}
! 295,071
! {{Percentage | 295071 | 295071 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Fatehgarh Sahib district]]
| 154,714
| {{Percentage | 154714 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 80,141
| {{Percentage | 80141 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 267
| {{Percentage | 267 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 2,269
| {{Percentage | 2269 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 237397 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 237397 | 2 }}
! 237,397
! {{Percentage | 237397 | 237397 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 5,088,754
! {{Percentage | 5088754 | 9144716 | 2 }}
! 3,865,429
! {{Percentage | 3865429 | 9144716 | 2 }}
! 91,599
! {{Percentage | 91599 | 9144716 | 2 }}
! 77,540
! {{Percentage | 77540 | 9144716 | 2 }}
! 20,815
! {{Percentage | 20815 | 9144716 | 2 }}
! 579
! {{Percentage | 579 | 9144716 | 2 }}
! 9,144,716
! {{Percentage | 9144716 | 9144716 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Jind]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

=== 1941 census ===
==== East Punjab region ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1941}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|}}
| value1 = 46.95
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Islam]]
| value2 = 30.88
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 21.14
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.69
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.21
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.12
| color6 = grey
}}
Prior to [[Partition of India|partition]], the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the [[Radcliffe Line]] was made into a new province – [[East Punjab]]. The area includes the contemporary states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by [[Districts of British India|district]] and [[princely state]] with an overall total as per the [[Census in British India|1941 Indian census]].
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1941)<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=19 January 2023 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1941|1941 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1941 census data here:<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}} Immediately following the [[Partition of India|partition of India in 1947]], these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of [[East Punjab]], which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 597,488
| {{Percentage | 597488 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 436,539
| {{Percentage | 436539 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 896,021
| {{Percentage | 896021 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 1,592
| {{Percentage | 1592 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 3,101
| {{Percentage | 3101 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 1,518
| {{Percentage | 1518 | 1936259 | 2 }}
! 1,936,259
! {{Percentage | 1936259 | 1936259 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 287,733
| {{Percentage | 287733 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 641,448
| {{Percentage | 641448 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 479,486
| {{Percentage | 479486 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 12,607
| {{Percentage | 12607 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 1,674
| {{Percentage | 1674 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 128
| {{Percentage | 128 | 1423076 | 2 }}
! 1,423,076
! {{Percentage | 1423076 | 1423076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 217,431
| {{Percentage | 217431 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 657,695
| {{Percentage | 657695 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 510,845
| {{Percentage | 510845 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 25,973
| {{Percentage | 25973 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 1,911
| {{Percentage | 1911 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 1413876 | 2 }}
! 1,413,876
! {{Percentage | 1413876 | 1413876 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 584,080
| {{Percentage | 584080 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 380,759
| {{Percentage | 380759 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 198,194
| {{Percentage | 198194 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 6,165
| {{Percentage | 6165 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 1,125
| {{Percentage | 1125 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1170323 | 2 }}
! 1,170,323
! {{Percentage | 1170323 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 311,010
| {{Percentage | 311010 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 509,804
| {{Percentage | 509804 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 298,741
| {{Percentage | 298741 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 6,233
| {{Percentage | 6233 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1127190 | 2 }}
! 1,127,190
! {{Percentage | 1127190 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hisar District]]
| 652,842
| {{Percentage | 652842 | 1006709 | 2 }}
| 285,208
| {{Percentage | 285208 | 1006709 | 2 }}
| 60,731
| {{Percentage | 60731 | 1006709 | 2 }}
| 1,292
| {{Percentage | 1292 | 1006709 | 2 }}
| 6,126
| {{Percentage | 6126 | 1006709 | 2 }}
| 510
| {{Percentage | 510 | 1006709 | 2 }}
! 1,006,709
! {{Percentage | 1006709 | 1006709 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district|Karnal District]]
| 666,301
| {{Percentage | 666301 | 994575 | 2 }}
| 304,346
| {{Percentage | 304346 | 994575 | 2 }}
| 19,887
| {{Percentage | 19887 | 994575 | 2 }}
| 1,249
| {{Percentage | 1249 | 994575 | 2 }}
| 2,789
| {{Percentage | 2789 | 994575 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 994575 | 2 }}
! 994,575
! {{Percentage | 994575 | 994575 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak District]]
| 780,474
| {{Percentage | 780474 | 956399 | 2 }}
| 166,569
| {{Percentage | 166569 | 956399 | 2 }}
| 1,466
| {{Percentage | 1466 | 956399 | 2 }}
| 1,043
| {{Percentage | 1043 | 956399 | 2 }}
| 6,847
| {{Percentage | 6847 | 956399 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 956399 | 2 }}
! 956,399
! {{Percentage | 956399 | 956399 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district|Kangra District]]
| 846,531
| {{Percentage | 846531 | 899377 | 2 }}
| 43,249
| {{Percentage | 43249 | 899377 | 2 }}
| 4,809
| {{Percentage | 4809 | 899377 | 2 }}
| 788
| {{Percentage | 788 | 899377 | 2 }}
| 101
| {{Percentage | 101 | 899377 | 2 }}
| 3,899
| {{Percentage | 3899 | 899377 | 2 }}
! 899,377
! {{Percentage | 899377 | 899377 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"|Does not include [[Shakargarh Tehsil]], which was awarded to Pakistan as part of the [[Radcliffe Line]].}}
| 174,221
| {{Percentage | 174221 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 440,323
| {{Percentage | 440323 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 200,688
| {{Percentage | 200688 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 46,743
| {{Percentage | 46743 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 862006 | 2 }}
! 862,006
! {{Percentage | 862006 | 862006 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon District]]
| 560,537
| {{Percentage | 560537 | 851458 | 2 }}
| 285,992
| {{Percentage | 285992 | 851458 | 2 }}
| 637
| {{Percentage | 637 | 851458 | 2 }}
| 1,673
| {{Percentage | 1673 | 851458 | 2 }}
| 2,613
| {{Percentage | 2613 | 851458 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 851458 | 2 }}
! 851,458
! {{Percentage | 851458 | 851458 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district|Ambala District]]
| 412,658
| {{Percentage | 412658 | 847745 | 2 }}
| 268,999
| {{Percentage | 268999 | 847745 | 2 }}
| 156,543
| {{Percentage | 156543 | 847745 | 2 }}
| 6,065
| {{Percentage | 6065 | 847745 | 2 }}
| 3,065
| {{Percentage | 3065 | 847745 | 2 }}
| 415
| {{Percentage | 415 | 847745 | 2 }}
! 847,745
! {{Percentage | 847745 | 847745 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 171,715
| {{Percentage | 171715 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 302,482
| {{Percentage | 302482 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 341,175
| {{Percentage | 341175 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 1,913
| {{Percentage | 1913 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 1,279
| {{Percentage | 1279 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 51
| {{Percentage | 51 | 818615 | 2 }}
! 818,615
! {{Percentage | 818615 | 818615 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 61,546
| {{Percentage | 61546 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 213,754
| {{Percentage | 213754 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 88,350
| {{Percentage | 88350 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 1,667
| {{Percentage | 1667 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 380
| {{Percentage | 380 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 12,683
| {{Percentage | 12683 | 378380 | 2 }}
! 378,380
! {{Percentage | 378380 | 378380 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jind State]]
| 268,355
| {{Percentage | 268355 | 361812 | 2 }}
| 50,972
| {{Percentage | 50972 | 361812 | 2 }}
| 40,981
| {{Percentage | 40981 | 361812 | 2 }}
| 161
| {{Percentage | 161 | 361812 | 2 }}
| 1,294
| {{Percentage | 1294 | 361812 | 2 }}
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 361812 | 2 }}
! 361,812
! {{Percentage | 361812 | 361812 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla Hill States]]
| 345,716
| {{Percentage | 345716 | 359520 | 2 }}
| 10,812
| {{Percentage | 10812 | 359520 | 2 }}
| 2,693
| {{Percentage | 2693 | 359520 | 2 }}
| 161
| {{Percentage | 161 | 359520 | 2 }}
| 126
| {{Percentage | 126 | 359520 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 359520 | 2 }}
! 359,520
! {{Percentage | 359520 | 359520 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 146,518
| {{Percentage | 146518 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 70,373
| {{Percentage | 70373 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 122,451
| {{Percentage | 122451 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 221
| {{Percentage | 221 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 480
| {{Percentage | 480 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 344044 | 2 }}
! 344,044
! {{Percentage | 344044 | 344044 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi State]]
| 227,463
| {{Percentage | 227463 | 232593 | 2 }}
| 4,328
| {{Percentage | 4328 | 232593 | 2 }}
| 583
| {{Percentage | 583 | 232593 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 232593 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 232593 | 2 }}
| 208
| {{Percentage | 208 | 232593 | 2 }}
! 232,593
! {{Percentage | 232593 | 232593 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 21,814
| {{Percentage | 21814 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 61,352
| {{Percentage | 61352 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 115,070
| {{Percentage | 115070 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 247
| {{Percentage | 247 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 800
| {{Percentage | 800 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 199283 | 2 }}
! 199,283
! {{Percentage | 199283 | 199283 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba State]]
| 155,910
| {{Percentage | 155910 | 168908 | 2 }}
| 12,318
| {{Percentage | 12318 | 168908 | 2 }}
| 107
| {{Percentage | 107 | 168908 | 2 }}
| 190
| {{Percentage | 190 | 168908 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 168908 | 2 }}
| 383
| {{Percentage | 383 | 168908 | 2 }}
! 168,908
! {{Percentage | 168908 | 168908 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor State]]
| 146,199
| {{Percentage | 146199 | 156026 | 2 }}
| 7,374
| {{Percentage | 7374 | 156026 | 2 }}
| 2,334
| {{Percentage | 2334 | 156026 | 2 }}
| 38
| {{Percentage | 38 | 156026 | 2 }}
| 81
| {{Percentage | 81 | 156026 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 156026 | 2 }}
! 156,026
! {{Percentage | 156026 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur State]]
| 108,375
| {{Percentage | 108375 | 110336 | 2 }}
| 1,498
| {{Percentage | 1498 | 110336 | 2 }}
| 453
| {{Percentage | 453 | 110336 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 110336 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 110336 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 110336 | 2 }}
! 110,336
! {{Percentage | 110336 | 110336 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 23,482
| {{Percentage | 23482 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 33,881
| {{Percentage | 33881 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 30,320
| {{Percentage | 30320 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 116
| {{Percentage | 116 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 310
| {{Percentage | 310 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 88109 | 2 }}
! 88,109
! {{Percentage | 88109 | 88109 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Suket State]]
| 69,974
| {{Percentage | 69974 | 71092 | 2 }}
| 884
| {{Percentage | 884 | 71092 | 2 }}
| 234
| {{Percentage | 234 | 71092 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71092 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71092 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71092 | 2 }}
! 71,092
! {{Percentage | 71092 | 71092 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kalsia State]]
| 29,866
| {{Percentage | 29866 | 67393 | 2 }}
| 25,049
| {{Percentage | 25049 | 67393 | 2 }}
| 12,235
| {{Percentage | 12235 | 67393 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 67393 | 2 }}
| 188
| {{Percentage | 188 | 67393 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 67393 | 2 }}
! 67,393
! {{Percentage | 67393 | 67393 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla District]]
| 29,466
| {{Percentage | 29466 | 38576 | 2 }}
| 7,022
| {{Percentage | 7022 | 38576 | 2 }}
| 1,032
| {{Percentage | 1032 | 38576 | 2 }}
| 934
| {{Percentage | 934 | 38576 | 2 }}
| 114
| {{Percentage | 114 | 38576 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 38576 | 2 }}
! 38,576
! {{Percentage | 38576 | 38576 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dujana|Dujana State]]
| 23,727
| {{Percentage | 23727 | 30666 | 2 }}
| 6,939
| {{Percentage | 6939 | 30666 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30666 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30666 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30666 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30666 | 2 }}
! 30,666
! {{Percentage | 30666 | 30666 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Loharu State]]
| 23,923
| {{Percentage | 23923 | 27892 | 2 }}
| 3,960
| {{Percentage | 3960 | 27892 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 27892 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 27892 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 27892 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 27892 | 2 }}
! 27,892
! {{Percentage | 27892 | 27892 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pataudi State]]
| 17,728
| {{Percentage | 17728 | 21520 | 2 }}
| 3,655
| {{Percentage | 3655 | 21520 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21520 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 21520 | 2 }}
| 128
| {{Percentage | 128 | 21520 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21520 | 2 }}
! 21,520
! {{Percentage | 21520 | 21520 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!7,963,083
!{{Percentage | 7963083 | 16959758 | 2 }}
!5,237,584
!{{Percentage | 5237584 | 16959758 | 2 }}
!3,586,073
!{{Percentage | 3586073 | 16959758 | 2 }}
!117,155
!{{Percentage | 117155 | 16959758 | 2 }}
!35,955
!{{Percentage | 35955 | 16959758 | 2 }}
!19,908
!{{Percentage | 19908 | 16959758 | 2 }}
!16,959,758
!{{Percentage | 16959758 | 16959758 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}
| label1 = [[Islam]]
| value1 = 38.42
| color1 = Green
| label2 = [[Sikhism]]
| value2 = 33.63
| color2 = DarkKhaki
| label3 = [[Hinduism]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| value3 = 26.62
| color3 = Orange
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 1.06
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.13
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.15
| color6 = grey
}}
The religious demography according to the 1941 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=Punjab1941|1941 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], and [[Nabha State|Nabha]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]]. See 1941 census data here:<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 436,539
| {{Percentage | 436539 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 896,021
| {{Percentage | 896021 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 597,488
| {{Percentage | 597488 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 1,592
| {{Percentage | 1592 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 3,101
| {{Percentage | 3101 | 1936259 | 2 }}
| 1,518
| {{Percentage | 1518 | 1936259 | 2 }}
! 1,936,259
! {{Percentage | 1936259 | 1936259 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 641,448
| {{Percentage | 641448 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 479,486
| {{Percentage | 479486 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 287,733
| {{Percentage | 287733 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 12,607
| {{Percentage | 12607 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 1,674
| {{Percentage | 1674 | 1423076 | 2 }}
| 128
| {{Percentage | 128 | 1423076 | 2 }}
! 1,423,076
! {{Percentage | 1423076 | 1423076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 657,695
| {{Percentage | 657695 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 510,845
| {{Percentage | 510845 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 217,431
| {{Percentage | 217431 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 25,973
| {{Percentage | 25973 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 1,911
| {{Percentage | 1911 | 1413876 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 1413876 | 2 }}
! 1,413,876
! {{Percentage | 1413876 | 1413876 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 380,759
| {{Percentage | 380759 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 198,194
| {{Percentage | 198194 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 584,080
| {{Percentage | 584080 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 6,165
| {{Percentage | 6165 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 1,125
| {{Percentage | 1125 | 1170323 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1170323 | 2 }}
! 1,170,323
! {{Percentage | 1170323 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 509,804
| {{Percentage | 509804 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 298,741
| {{Percentage | 298741 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 311,010
| {{Percentage | 311010 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 6,233
| {{Percentage | 6233 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 1127190 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1127190 | 2 }}
! 1,127,190
! {{Percentage | 1127190 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 440,323
| {{Percentage | 440323 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 200,688
| {{Percentage | 210688 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 174,221
| {{Percentage | 174221 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 46,743
| {{Percentage | 46743 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 862006 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 862006 | 2 }}
! 862,006
! {{Percentage | 862006 | 862006 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 302,482
| {{Percentage | 302482 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 341,175
| {{Percentage | 341175 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 171,715
| {{Percentage | 171715 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 1,913
| {{Percentage | 1913 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 1,279
| {{Percentage | 1279 | 818615 | 2 }}
| 51
| {{Percentage | 51 | 818615 | 2 }}
! 818,615
! {{Percentage | 818615 | 818615 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 213,754
| {{Percentage | 213754 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 88,350
| {{Percentage | 88350 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 61,546
| {{Percentage | 61546 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 1,667
| {{Percentage | 1667 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 380
| {{Percentage | 380 | 378380 | 2 }}
| 12,683
| {{Percentage | 12683 | 378380 | 2 }}
! 378,380
! {{Percentage | 378380 | 378380 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 70,373
| {{Percentage | 70373 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 122,451
| {{Percentage | 122451 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 146,518
| {{Percentage | 146518 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 221
| {{Percentage | 221 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 480
| {{Percentage | 480 | 344044 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 344044 | 2 }}
! 344,044
! {{Percentage | 344044 | 344044 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 61,352
| {{Percentage | 61352 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 115,070
| {{Percentage | 115070 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 21,814
| {{Percentage | 21814 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 247
| {{Percentage | 247 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 800
| {{Percentage | 800 | 199283 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 199283 | 2 }}
! 199,283
! {{Percentage | 199283 | 199283 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 33,881
| {{Percentage | 33881 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 30,320
| {{Percentage | 30320 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 23,482
| {{Percentage | 23482 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 116
| {{Percentage | 116 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 310
| {{Percentage | 310 | 88109 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 88109 | 2 }}
! 88,109
! {{Percentage | 88109 | 88109 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!3,748,410
!{{Percentage | 3748410 | 9757161 | 2 }}
!3,281,341
!{{Percentage | 3281341 | 9757161 | 2 }}
!2,597,038
!{{Percentage | 2597038 | 9757161 | 2 }}
!103,477
!{{Percentage | 103477 | 9757161 | 2 }}
!12,480
!{{Percentage | 12480 | 9757161 | 2 }}
!14,415
!{{Percentage | 14415 | 9757161 | 2 }}
!9,757,161
!{{Percentage | 9757161 | 9757161 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

=== 1931 census ===
==== East Punjab region ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1931)<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1931}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|}}
| value1 = 48.86
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Islam]]
| value2 = 30.17
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 20.01
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.65
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.25
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.05
| color6 = grey
}}
Prior to [[Partition of India|partition]], the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the [[Radcliffe Line]] was made into a new province – [[East Punjab]]. The area includes the contemporary states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by [[Districts of British India|district]] and [[princely state]] with an overall total as per the [[Census in British India|1931 Indian census]].

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1931)<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=4 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931}}</ref>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1931|1931 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1931 census data here:<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}} Immediately following the [[Partition of India|partition of India in 1947]], these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of [[East Punjab]], which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 623,597
| {{Percentage | 623597 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 363,920
| {{Percentage | 363920 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 632,972
| {{Percentage | 632972 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 1,449
| {{Percentage | 1449 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 3,578
| {{Percentage | 3578 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1625520 | 2 }}
! 1,625,520
! {{Percentage | 1625520 | 1625520 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 244,688
| {{Percentage | 244688 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 515,430
| {{Percentage | 515430 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 388,108
| {{Percentage | 388108 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 7,070
| {{Percentage | 7070 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 1,411
| {{Percentage | 1411 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1156732 | 2 }}
! 1,156,732
! {{Percentage | 1156732 | 1156732 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 174,556
| {{Percentage | 174556 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 524,676
| {{Percentage | 524676 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 399,951
| {{Percentage | 399951 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 16,619
| {{Percentage | 16619 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 1,272
| {{Percentage | 1272 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 46
| {{Percentage | 46 | 1117120 | 2 }}
! 1,117,120
! {{Percentage | 1117120 | 1117120 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 526,182
| {{Percentage | 526182 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 328,078
| {{Percentage | 328078 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 173,147
| {{Percentage | 173147 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 3,764
| {{Percentage | 3764 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 1,016
| {{Percentage | 1016 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1032187 | 2 }}
! 1,032,187
! {{Percentage | 1032187 | 1032187 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 268,822
| {{Percentage | 268822 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 419,556
| {{Percentage | 419556 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 249,571
| {{Percentage | 249571 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 4,323
| {{Percentage | 4323 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 1,379
| {{Percentage | 1379 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 943721 | 2 }}
! 943,721
! {{Percentage | 943721 | 943721 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hisar District]]
| 583,429
| {{Percentage | 583429 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 253,784
| {{Percentage | 253784 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 55,169
| {{Percentage | 55169 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 1,107
| {{Percentage | 1107 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 5,988
| {{Percentage | 5988 | 899479 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 899479 | 2 }}
! 899,479
! {{Percentage | 899479 | 899479 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district|Karnal District]]
| 570,297
| {{Percentage | 570297 | 852614 | 2 }}
| 259,730
| {{Percentage | 259730 | 852614 | 2 }}
| 16,928
| {{Percentage | 16928 | 852614 | 2 }}
| 1,469
| {{Percentage | 1469 | 852614 | 2 }}
| 4,190
| {{Percentage | 4190 | 852614 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 852614 | 2 }}
! 852,614
! {{Percentage | 852614 | 852614 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak District]]
| 655,963
| {{Percentage | 655963 | 805621 | 2 }}
| 137,880
| {{Percentage | 137880 | 805621 | 2 }}
| 596
| {{Percentage | 596 | 805621 | 2 }}
| 4,807
| {{Percentage | 4807 | 805621 | 2 }}
| 6,375
| {{Percentage | 6375 | 805621 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 805621 | 2 }}
! 805,621
! {{Percentage | 805621 | 805621 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district|Kangra District]]
| 752,098
| {{Percentage | 752098 | 801312 | 2 }}
| 40,483
| {{Percentage | 40483 | 801312 | 2 }}
| 2,396
| {{Percentage | 2396 | 801312 | 2 }}
| 576
| {{Percentage | 576 | 801312 | 2 }}
| 94
| {{Percentage | 94 | 801312 | 2 }}
| 5,665
| {{Percentage | 5665 | 801312 | 2 }}
! 801,312
! {{Percentage | 801312 | 801312 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district|Ambala District]]
| 346,809
| {{Percentage | 346809 | 742902 | 2 }}
| 230,837
| {{Percentage | 230837 | 742902 | 2 }}
| 155,555
| {{Percentage | 155555 | 742902 | 2 }}
| 7,141
| {{Percentage | 7141 | 742902 | 2 }}
| 2,550
| {{Percentage | 2550 | 742902 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 742902 | 2 }}
! 742,902
! {{Percentage | 742902 | 742902 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon District]]
| 493,174
| {{Percentage | 493174 | 740163 | 2 }}
| 242,357
| {{Percentage | 242357 | 740163 | 2 }}
| 500
| {{Percentage | 500 | 740163 | 2 }}
| 1,463
| {{Percentage | 1463 | 740163 | 2 }}
| 2,665
| {{Percentage | 2665 | 740163 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 740163 | 2 }}
! 740,163
! {{Percentage | 740163 | 740163 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 154,631
| {{Percentage | 154631 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 367,388
| {{Percentage | 367388 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 162,741
| {{Percentage | 162741 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 38,756
| {{Percentage | 38756 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 723535 | 2 }}
! 723,535
! {{Percentage | 723535 | 723535 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 120,161
| {{Percentage | 120161 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 235,598
| {{Percentage | 235598 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 312,829
| {{Percentage | 312829 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 2,477
| {{Percentage | 2477 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 1,419
| {{Percentage | 1419 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 672494 | 2 }}
! 672,494
! {{Percentage | 672494 | 672494 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla Hill States]]
| 317,390
| {{Percentage | 317390 | 330850 | 2 }}
| 10,017
| {{Percentage | 10017 | 330850 | 2 }}
| 1,817
| {{Percentage | 1817 | 330850 | 2 }}
| 176
| {{Percentage | 176 | 330850 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 330850 | 2 }}
| 1,309
| {{Percentage | 1309 | 330850 | 2 }}
! 330,850
! {{Percentage | 330850 | 330850 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jind State]]
| 243,561
| {{Percentage | 243561 | 324676 | 2 }}
| 46,002
| {{Percentage | 46002 | 324676 | 2 }}
| 33,290
| {{Percentage | 33290 | 324676 | 2 }}
| 210
| {{Percentage | 210 | 324676 | 2 }}
| 1,613
| {{Percentage | 1613 | 324676 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 324676 | 2 }}
! 324,676
! {{Percentage | 324676 | 324676 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 64,319
| {{Percentage | 64319 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 179,251
| {{Percentage | 179251 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 72,177
| {{Percentage | 72177 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 983
| {{Percentage | 983 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 27
| {{Percentage | 27 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 316757 | 2 }}
! 316,757
! {{Percentage | 316757 | 316757 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 132,354
| {{Percentage | 132354 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 57,393
| {{Percentage | 57393 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 97,452
| {{Percentage | 97452 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 66
| {{Percentage | 66 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 309
| {{Percentage | 309 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 287574 | 2 }}
! 287,574
! {{Percentage | 287574 | 287574 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi State]]
| 199,935
| {{Percentage | 199935 | 207465 | 2 }}
| 6,351
| {{Percentage | 6351 | 207465 | 2 }}
| 899
| {{Percentage | 899 | 207465 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 207465 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 207465 | 2 }}
| 139
| {{Percentage | 139 | 207465 | 2 }}
! 207,465
! {{Percentage | 207465 | 207465 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 20,855
| {{Percentage | 20855 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 49,912
| {{Percentage | 49912 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 92,880
| {{Percentage | 92880 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 167
| {{Percentage | 167 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 550
| {{Percentage | 550 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 164364 | 2 }}
! 164,364
! {{Percentage | 164364 | 164364 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor State]]
| 139,031
| {{Percentage | 139031 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 7,020
| {{Percentage | 7020 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 2,413
| {{Percentage | 2413 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 52
| {{Percentage | 52 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 52
| {{Percentage | 52 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 148568 | 2 }}
! 148,568
! {{Percentage | 148568 | 148568 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba State]]
| 135,254
| {{Percentage | 135254 | 146870 | 2 }}
| 10,839
| {{Percentage | 10839 | 146870 | 2 }}
| 112
| {{Percentage | 112 | 146870 | 2 }}
| 94
| {{Percentage | 94 | 146870 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 146870 | 2 }}
| 568
| {{Percentage | 568 | 146870 | 2 }}
! 146,870
! {{Percentage | 146870 | 146870 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur State]]
| 99,023
| {{Percentage | 99023 | 100994 | 2 }}
| 1,458
| {{Percentage | 1458 | 100994 | 2 }}
| 507
| {{Percentage | 507 | 100994 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 100994 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 100994 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 100994 | 2 }}
! 100,994
! {{Percentage | 100994 | 100994 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 21,252
| {{Percentage | 21252 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 31,417
| {{Percentage | 31417 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 28,982
| {{Percentage | 28982 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 1,286
| {{Percentage | 1286 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 83072 | 2 }}
! 83,072
! {{Percentage | 83072 | 83072 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kalsia State]]
| 28,832
| {{Percentage | 28832 | 59848 | 2 }}
| 21,797
| {{Percentage | 21797 | 59848 | 2 }}
| 9,035
| {{Percentage | 9035 | 59848 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 59848 | 2 }}
| 162
| {{Percentage | 162 | 59848 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 59848 | 2 }}
! 59,848
! {{Percentage | 59848 | 59848 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Suket State]]
| 57,616
| {{Percentage | 57616 | 58408 | 2 }}
| 733
| {{Percentage | 733 | 58408 | 2 }}
| 44
| {{Percentage | 44 | 58408 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 58408 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 58408 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 58408 | 2 }}
! 58,408
! {{Percentage | 58408 | 58408 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla District]]
| 28,661
| {{Percentage | 28661 | 36786 | 2 }}
| 5,810
| {{Percentage | 5810 | 36786 | 2 }}
| 760
| {{Percentage | 760 | 36786 | 2 }}
| 1,540
| {{Percentage | 1540 | 36786 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 36786 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 36786 | 2 }}
! 36,786
! {{Percentage | 36786 | 36786 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dujana|Dujana State]]
| 22,347
| {{Percentage | 22347 | 28216 | 2 }}
| 5,863
| {{Percentage | 5863 | 28216 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 28216 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 28216 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 28216 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 28216 | 2 }}
! 28,216
! {{Percentage | 28216 | 28216 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Loharu State]]
| 20,198
| {{Percentage | 20198 | 23338 | 2 }}
| 3,119
| {{Percentage | 3119 | 23338 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 23338 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 23338 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 23338 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23338 | 2 }}
! 23,338
! {{Percentage | 23338 | 23338 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pataudi State]]
| 15,596
| {{Percentage | 15596 | 18873 | 2 }}
| 3,168
| {{Percentage | 3168 | 18873 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 18873 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 18873 | 2 }}
| 105
| {{Percentage | 105 | 18873 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18873 | 2 }}
! 18,873
! {{Percentage | 18873 | 18873 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!7,060,631
!{{Percentage | 7060631 | 14450059 | 2 }}
!4,359,867
!{{Percentage | 4359867 | 14450059 | 2 }}
!2,890,835
!{{Percentage | 2890835 | 14450059 | 2 }}
!94,623
!{{Percentage | 94623 | 14450059 | 2 }}
!36,219
!{{Percentage | 36219 | 14450059 | 2 }}
!7,884
!{{Percentage | 7884 | 14450059 | 2 }}
!14,450,059
!{{Percentage | 14450059 | 14450059 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1931)<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}
| label1 = [[Islam]]
| value1 = 37.83
| color1 = Green
| label2 = [[Sikhism]]
| value2 = 32.14
| color2 = DarkKhaki
| label3 = [[Hinduism]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|}}
| value3 = 28.95
| color3 = Orange
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.93
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.15
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.002
| color6 = grey
}}
The religious demography according to the 1931 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1931)<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=Punjab1931|1931 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], and [[Nabha State|Nabha]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]]. See 1931 census data here:<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 363,920
| {{Percentage | 363920 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 632,972
| {{Percentage | 632972 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 623,597
| {{Percentage | 623597 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 1,449
| {{Percentage | 1449 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 3,578
| {{Percentage | 3578 | 1625520 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1625520 | 2 }}
! 1,625,520
! {{Percentage | 1625520 | 1625520 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 515,430
| {{Percentage | 515430 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 388,108
| {{Percentage | 388108 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 244,688
| {{Percentage | 244688 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 7,070
| {{Percentage | 7070 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 1,411
| {{Percentage | 1411 | 1156732 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1156732 | 2 }}
! 1,156,732
! {{Percentage | 1156732 | 1156732 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 524,676
| {{Percentage | 524676 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 399,951
| {{Percentage | 399951 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 174,556
| {{Percentage | 174556 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 16,619
| {{Percentage | 16619 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 1,272
| {{Percentage | 1272 | 1117120 | 2 }}
| 46
| {{Percentage | 46 | 1117120 | 2 }}
! 1,117,120
! {{Percentage | 1117120 | 1117120 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 328,078
| {{Percentage | 328078 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 173,147
| {{Percentage | 173147 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 526,182
| {{Percentage | 526182 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 3,764
| {{Percentage | 3764 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 1,016
| {{Percentage | 1016 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1032187 | 2 }}
! 1,032,187
! {{Percentage | 1032187 | 1032187 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 419,556
| {{Percentage | 419556 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 249,571
| {{Percentage | 249571 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 268,822
| {{Percentage | 268822 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 4,323
| {{Percentage | 4323 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 1,379
| {{Percentage | 1379 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 943721 | 2 }}
! 943,721
! {{Percentage | 943721 | 943721 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 367,388
| {{Percentage | 367388 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 162,741
| {{Percentage | 162741 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 154,631
| {{Percentage | 154631 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 38,756
| {{Percentage | 38756 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 723535 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 723535 | 2 }}
! 723,535
! {{Percentage | 723535 | 723535 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 235,598
| {{Percentage | 235598 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 312,829
| {{Percentage | 312829 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 120,161
| {{Percentage | 120161 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 2,477
| {{Percentage | 2477 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 1,419
| {{Percentage | 1419 | 672494 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 672494 | 2 }}
! 672,494
! {{Percentage | 672494 | 672494 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 179,251
| {{Percentage | 179251 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 72,177
| {{Percentage | 72177 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 64,319
| {{Percentage | 64319 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 983
| {{Percentage | 983 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 27
| {{Percentage | 27 | 316757 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 316757 | 2 }}
! 316,757
! {{Percentage | 316757 | 316757 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 57,393
| {{Percentage | 57393 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 97,452
| {{Percentage | 97452 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 132,354
| {{Percentage | 132354 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 66
| {{Percentage | 66 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 309
| {{Percentage | 309 | 287574 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 287574 | 2 }}
! 287,574
! {{Percentage | 287574 | 287574 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 49,912
| {{Percentage | 49912 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 92,880
| {{Percentage | 92880 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 20,855
| {{Percentage | 20855 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 167
| {{Percentage | 167 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 550
| {{Percentage | 550 | 164364 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 164364 | 2 }}
! 164,364
! {{Percentage | 164364 | 164364 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 31,417
| {{Percentage | 31417 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 28,982
| {{Percentage | 28982 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 21,252
| {{Percentage | 21252 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 1,286
| {{Percentage | 1286 | 83072 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 83072 | 2 }}
! 83,072
! {{Percentage | 83072 | 83072 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!3,072,619
!{{Percentage | 3072619 | 8123076 | 2 }}
!2,610,810
!{{Percentage | 2610810 | 8123076 | 2 }}
!2,351,417
!{{Percentage | 2351417 | 8123076 | 2 }}
!75,809
!{{Percentage | 75809 | 8123076 | 2 }}
!12,262
!{{Percentage | 12262 | 8123076 | 2 }}
!159
!{{Percentage | 159 | 8123076 | 3 }}
!8,123,076
!{{Percentage | 8123076 | 8123076 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

=== 1921 census ===
==== East Punjab region ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1921}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]
| value1 = 53.00
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Islam]]
| value2 = 29.05
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 16.99
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.65
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.27
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.05
| color6 = grey
}}
Prior to [[Partition of India|partition]], the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the [[Radcliffe Line]] was made into a new province – [[East Punjab]]. The area includes the contemporary states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by [[Districts of British India|district]] and [[princely state]] with an overall total as per the [[Census in British India|1921 Indian census]].
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1921)<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=17 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1921|1921 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1921 census data here:<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}} Immediately following the [[Partition of India|partition of India in 1947]], these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of [[East Punjab]], which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 642,055
| {{Percentage | 642055 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 330,341
| {{Percentage | 330341 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 522,675
| {{Percentage | 522675 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 3,249
| {{Percentage | 3249 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 1499739 | 2 }}
! 1,499,739
! {{Percentage | 1499739 | 1499739 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 306,350
| {{Percentage | 306350 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 482,540
| {{Percentage | 482540 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 302,761
| {{Percentage | 302761 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 5,365
| {{Percentage | 5365 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 1,211
| {{Percentage | 1211 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 1098248 | 2 }}
! 1,098,248
! {{Percentage | 1098248 | 1098248 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 204,435
| {{Percentage | 204435 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 423,724
| {{Percentage | 423724 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 287,004
| {{Percentage | 287004 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 12,773
| {{Percentage | 12773 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 1,375
| {{Percentage | 1375 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 63
| {{Percentage | 63 | 929374 | 2 }}
! 929,374
! {{Percentage | 929374 | 929374 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 500,339
| {{Percentage | 500339 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 289,298
| {{Percentage | 289298 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 132,958
| {{Percentage | 132958 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 3,745
| {{Percentage | 3745 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 1,079
| {{Percentage | 1079 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 927419 | 2 }}
! 927,419
! {{Percentage | 927419 | 927419 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district|Karnal District]]
| 573,224
| {{Percentage | 573224 | 828726 | 2 }}
| 235,618
| {{Percentage | 235618 | 828726 | 2 }}
| 12,280
| {{Percentage | 12280 | 828726 | 2 }}
| 3,382
| {{Percentage | 3382 | 828726 | 2 }}
| 4,222
| {{Percentage | 4222 | 828726 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 828726 | 2 }}
! 828,726
! {{Percentage | 828726 | 828726 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 244,995
| {{Percentage | 244995 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 366,586
| {{Percentage | 366586 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 206,130
| {{Percentage | 206130 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 4,088
| {{Percentage | 4088 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 736
| {{Percentage | 736 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 822544 | 2 }}
! 822,544
! {{Percentage | 822544 | 822544 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hisar District]]
| 548,351
| {{Percentage | 548351 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 215,943
| {{Percentage | 215943 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 45,615
| {{Percentage | 45615 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 1,024
| {{Percentage | 1024 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 5,874
| {{Percentage | 5874 | 816810 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 816810 | 2 }}
! 816,810
! {{Percentage | 816810 | 816810 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak District]]
| 629,592
| {{Percentage | 629592 | 772272 | 2 }}
| 125,035
| {{Percentage | 125035 | 772272 | 2 }}
| 602
| {{Percentage | 602 | 772272 | 2 }}
| 10,033
| {{Percentage | 10033 | 772272 | 2 }}
| 7,010
| {{Percentage | 7010 | 772272 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 772272 | 2 }}
! 772,272
! {{Percentage | 772272 | 772272 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district|Kangra District]]
| 722,277
| {{Percentage | 722277 | 766065 | 2 }}
| 38,263
| {{Percentage | 38263 | 766065 | 2 }}
| 2,083
| {{Percentage | 2083 | 766065 | 2 }}
| 363
| {{Percentage | 363 | 766065 | 2 }}
| 56
| {{Percentage | 56 | 766065 | 2 }}
| 3,023
| {{Percentage | 3023 | 766065 | 2 }}
! 766,065
! {{Percentage | 766065 | 766065 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon District]]
| 460,134
| {{Percentage | 460134 | 682003 | 2 }}
| 216,860
| {{Percentage | 216860 | 682003 | 2 }}
| 924
| {{Percentage | 924 | 682003 | 2 }}
| 1,316
| {{Percentage | 1316 | 682003 | 2 }}
| 2,762
| {{Percentage | 2762 | 682003 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 682003 | 2 }}
! 682,003
! {{Percentage | 682003 | 682003 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district|Ambala District]]
| 370,125
| {{Percentage | 370125 | 681477 | 2 }}
| 205,750
| {{Percentage | 205750 | 681477 | 2 }}
| 97,614
| {{Percentage | 97614 | 681477 | 2 }}
| 5,679
| {{Percentage | 5679 | 681477 | 2 }}
| 2,272
| {{Percentage | 2272 | 681477 | 2 }}
| 37
| {{Percentage | 37 | 681477 | 2 }}
! 681,477
! {{Percentage | 681477 | 681477 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 168,178
| {{Percentage | 168178 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 316,709
| {{Percentage | 316709 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 125,322
| {{Percentage | 125322 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 29,099
| {{Percentage | 29099 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 639343 | 2 }}
! 639,343
! {{Percentage | 639343 | 639343 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 135,512
| {{Percentage | 135512 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 192,961
| {{Percentage | 192961 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 235,721
| {{Percentage | 235721 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 1,613
| {{Percentage | 1613 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 1,796
| {{Percentage | 1796 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 567622 | 2 }}
! 567,622
! {{Percentage | 567622 | 567622 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jind State]]
| 234,721
| {{Percentage | 234721 | 308183 | 2 }}
| 43,251
| {{Percentage | 43251 | 308183 | 2 }}
| 28,026
| {{Percentage | 28026 | 308183 | 2 }}
| 637
| {{Percentage | 637 | 308183 | 2 }}
| 1,548
| {{Percentage | 1548 | 308183 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 308183 | 2 }}
! 308,183
! {{Percentage | 308183 | 308183 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla Hill States]]
| 292,768
| {{Percentage | 292768 | 306718 | 2 }}
| 9,551
| {{Percentage | 9551 | 306718 | 2 }}
| 2,040
| {{Percentage | 2040 | 306718 | 2 }}
| 164
| {{Percentage | 164 | 306718 | 2 }}
| 142
| {{Percentage | 142 | 306718 | 2 }}
| 2,053
| {{Percentage | 2053 | 306718 | 2 }}
! 306,718
! {{Percentage | 306718 | 306718 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 58,412
| {{Percentage | 58412 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 160,457
| {{Percentage | 160457 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 64,074
| {{Percentage | 64074 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 1,100
| {{Percentage | 1100 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 228
| {{Percentage | 228 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 284275 | 2 }}
! 284,275
! {{Percentage | 284275 | 284275 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 133,870
| {{Percentage | 133870 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 50,756
| {{Percentage | 50756 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 78,389
| {{Percentage | 78389 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 278
| {{Percentage | 278 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 263334 | 2 }}
! 263,334
! {{Percentage | 263334 | 263334 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi State]]
| 181,358
| {{Percentage | 181358 | 185048 | 2 }}
| 3,462
| {{Percentage | 3462 | 185048 | 2 }}
| 142
| {{Percentage | 142 | 185048 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 185048 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 185048 | 2 }}
| 76
| {{Percentage | 76 | 185048 | 2 }}
! 185,048
! {{Percentage | 185048 | 185048 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 38,610
| {{Percentage | 38610 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 44,813
| {{Percentage | 44813 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 66,658
| {{Percentage | 66658 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 107
| {{Percentage | 107 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 473
| {{Percentage | 473 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 150661 | 2 }}
! 150,661
! {{Percentage | 150661 | 150661 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba State]]
| 130,489
| {{Percentage | 130489 | 141867 | 2 }}
| 10,529
| {{Percentage | 10529 | 141867 | 2 }}
| 242
| {{Percentage | 242 | 141867 | 2 }}
| 63
| {{Percentage | 63 | 141867 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 141867 | 2 }}
| 541
| {{Percentage | 541 | 141867 | 2 }}
! 141,867
! {{Percentage | 141867 | 141867 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmur State|Nahan State]]
| 132,431
| {{Percentage | 132431 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 6,449
| {{Percentage | 6449 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 1,449
| {{Percentage | 1449 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 44
| {{Percentage | 44 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 140448 | 2 }}
! 140,448
! {{Percentage | 140448 | 140448 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur State]]
| 96,000
| {{Percentage | 96000 | 98000 | 2 }}
| 1,559
| {{Percentage | 1559 | 98000 | 2 }}
| 437
| {{Percentage | 437 | 98000 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 98000 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 98000 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 98000 | 2 }}
! 98,000
! {{Percentage | 98000 | 98000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 29,459
| {{Percentage | 29459 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 28,413
| {{Percentage | 28413 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 21,828
| {{Percentage | 21828 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 37
| {{Percentage | 37 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 585
| {{Percentage | 585 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 80322 | 2 }}
! 80,322
! {{Percentage | 80322 | 80322 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kalsia State]]
| 28,769
| {{Percentage | 28769 | 57371 | 2 }}
| 20,394
| {{Percentage | 20394 | 57371 | 2 }}
| 8,014
| {{Percentage | 8014 | 57371 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 57371 | 2 }}
| 190
| {{Percentage | 190 | 57371 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 57371 | 2 }}
! 57,371
! {{Percentage | 57371 | 57371 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Suket State]]
| 53,625
| {{Percentage | 53625 | 54328 | 2 }}
| 659
| {{Percentage | 659 | 54328 | 2 }}
| 44
| {{Percentage | 44 | 54328 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54328 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54328 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54328 | 2 }}
! 54,328
! {{Percentage | 54328 | 54328 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla District]]
| 33,228
| {{Percentage | 33228 | 45327 | 2 }}
| 6,953
| {{Percentage | 6953 | 45327 | 2 }}
| 1,173
| {{Percentage | 1173 | 45327 | 2 }}
| 3,823
| {{Percentage | 3823 | 45327 | 2 }}
| 90
| {{Percentage | 90 | 45327 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 45327 | 2 }}
! 45,327
! {{Percentage | 45327 | 45327 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dujana|Dujana State]]
| 20,135
| {{Percentage | 20135 | 25833 | 2 }}
| 5,698
| {{Percentage | 5698 | 25833 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25833 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25833 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25833 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25833 | 2 }}
! 25,833
! {{Percentage | 25833 | 25833 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Loharu State]]
| 17,978
| {{Percentage | 17978 | 20621 | 2 }}
| 2,625
| {{Percentage | 2625 | 20621 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 20621 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 20621 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 20621 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 20621 | 2 }}
! 20,621
! {{Percentage | 20621 | 20621 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pataudi State]]
| 15,090
| {{Percentage | 15090 | 18097 | 2 }}
| 2,898
| {{Percentage | 2898 | 18097 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18097 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18097 | 2 }}
| 109
| {{Percentage | 109 | 18097 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18097 | 2 }}
! 18,097
! {{Percentage | 18097 | 18097 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!7,002,510
!{{Percentage | 7002510 | 13212075 | 2 }}
!3,838,095
!{{Percentage | 3838095 | 13212075 | 2 }}
!2,244,205
!{{Percentage | 2244205 | 13212075 | 2 }}
!85,909
!{{Percentage | 85909 | 13212075 | 2 }}
!35,391
!{{Percentage | 35391 | 13212075 | 2 }}
!5,965
!{{Percentage | 5965 | 13212075 | 2 }}
!13,212,075
!{{Percentage | 13212075 | 13212075 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}
| label1 = [[Islam]]
| value1 = 36.99
| color1 = Green
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 33.90
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 28.14
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.82
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.15
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.002
| color6 = grey
}}The religious demography according to the 1921 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=Punjab1921|1921 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], and [[Nabha State|Nabha]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]]. See 1921 census data here:<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 330,341
| {{Percentage | 330341 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 642,055
| {{Percentage | 642055 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 522,675
| {{Percentage | 522675 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 3,249
| {{Percentage | 3249 | 1499739 | 2 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 1499739 | 2 }}
! 1,499,739
! {{Percentage | 1499739 | 1499739 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 482,540
| {{Percentage | 482540 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 306,350
| {{Percentage | 306350 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 302,761
| {{Percentage | 302761 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 5,365
| {{Percentage | 5365 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 1,211
| {{Percentage | 1211 | 1098248 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 1098248 | 2 }}
! 1,098,248
! {{Percentage | 1098248 | 1098248 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 423,724
| {{Percentage | 423724 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 204,435
| {{Percentage | 204435 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 287,004
| {{Percentage | 287004 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 12,773
| {{Percentage | 12773 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 1,375
| {{Percentage | 1375 | 929374 | 2 }}
| 63
| {{Percentage | 63 | 929374 | 2 }}
! 929,374
! {{Percentage | 929374 | 929374 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 289,298
| {{Percentage | 289298 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 500,339
| {{Percentage | 500339 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 132,958
| {{Percentage | 132958 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 3,745
| {{Percentage | 3745 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 1,079
| {{Percentage | 1079 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 927419 | 2 }}
! 927,419
! {{Percentage | 927419 | 927419 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 366,586
| {{Percentage | 366586 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 244,995
| {{Percentage | 244995 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 206,130
| {{Percentage | 206130 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 4,088
| {{Percentage | 4088 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 736
| {{Percentage | 736 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 822544 | 2 }}
! 822,544
! {{Percentage | 822544 | 822544 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 316,709
| {{Percentage | 316709 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 168,178
| {{Percentage | 168178 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 125,322
| {{Percentage | 125322 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 29,099
| {{Percentage | 29099 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 639343 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 639343 | 2 }}
! 639,343
! {{Percentage | 639343 | 639343 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 192,961
| {{Percentage | 192961 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 135,512
| {{Percentage | 135512 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 235,721
| {{Percentage | 235721 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 1,613
| {{Percentage | 1613 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 1,796
| {{Percentage | 1796 | 567622 | 2 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 567622 | 2 }}
! 567,622
! {{Percentage | 567622 | 567622 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 160,457
| {{Percentage | 160457 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 58,412
| {{Percentage | 58412 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 64,074
| {{Percentage | 64074 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 1,100
| {{Percentage | 1100 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 228
| {{Percentage | 228 | 284275 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 284275 | 2 }}
! 284,275
! {{Percentage | 284275 | 284275 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 50,756
| {{Percentage | 50756 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 133,870
| {{Percentage | 133870 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 78,389
| {{Percentage | 78389 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 278
| {{Percentage | 278 | 263334 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 263334 | 2 }}
! 263,334
! {{Percentage | 263334 | 263334 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 44,813
| {{Percentage | 44813 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 38,610
| {{Percentage | 38610 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 66,658
| {{Percentage | 66658 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 107
| {{Percentage | 107 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 473
| {{Percentage | 473 | 150661 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 150661 | 2 }}
! 150,661
! {{Percentage | 150661 | 150661 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 28,413
| {{Percentage | 28413 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 29,459
| {{Percentage | 29459 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 21,828
| {{Percentage | 21828 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 37
| {{Percentage | 37 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 585
| {{Percentage | 585 | 80322 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 80322 | 2 }}
! 80,322
! {{Percentage | 80322 | 80322 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!2,686,598
!{{Percentage | 2686598 | 7262881 | 2 }}
!2,462,215
!{{Percentage | 2462215 | 7262881 | 2 }}
!2,043,520
!{{Percentage | 2043520 | 7262881 | 2 }}
!59,363
!{{Percentage | 59363 | 7262881 | 2 }}
!11,030
!{{Percentage | 11030 | 7262881 | 2 }}
!155
!{{Percentage | 155 | 7262881 | 3 }}
!7,262,881
!{{Percentage | 7262881 | 7262881 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

=== 1911 census ===
==== East Punjab region ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1911)<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1911}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]
| value1 = 54.48
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Islam]]
| value2 = 28.90
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 15.82
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.42
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = Jainism
| value5 = 0.31
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.06
| color6 = grey
}}
Prior to [[Partition of India|partition]], the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the [[Radcliffe Line]] was made into a new province – [[East Punjab]]. The area includes the contemporary states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by [[Districts of British India|district]] and [[princely state]] with an overall total as per the [[Census in British India|1911 Indian census]].
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1911)<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1911|1911 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1911 census data here:<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 563,940
| {{Percentage | 563940 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 307,384
| {{Percentage | 307384 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 532,292
| {{Percentage | 532292 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 739
| {{Percentage | 739 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 3,282
| {{Percentage | 3282 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 1407659 | 2 }}
! 1,407,659
! {{Percentage | 1407659 | 1407659 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 273,832
| {{Percentage | 273832 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 418,553
| {{Percentage | 418553 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 262,511
| {{Percentage | 262511 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 3,342
| {{Percentage | 3342 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 1,401
| {{Percentage | 1401 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 959657 | 2 }}
! 959,657
! {{Percentage | 959657 | 959657 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 498,642
| {{Percentage | 498642 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 281,805
| {{Percentage | 281805 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 134,146
| {{Percentage | 134146 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 2,978
| {{Percentage | 2978 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 998
| {{Percentage | 998 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 918569 | 2 }}
! 918,569
! {{Percentage | 918569 | 918569 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 211,708
| {{Percentage | 211708 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 408,882
| {{Percentage | 408882 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 253,941
| {{Percentage | 253941 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 4,763
| {{Percentage | 4763 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 1,386
| {{Percentage | 1386 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 48
| {{Percentage | 48 | 880728 | 2 }}
! 880,728
! {{Percentage | 880728 | 880728 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hisar District]]
| 541,720
| {{Percentage | 541720 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 218,600
| {{Percentage | 218600 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 38,508
| {{Percentage | 38508 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 273
| {{Percentage | 273 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 5,767
| {{Percentage | 5767 | 804889 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 804889 | 2 }}
! 804,889
! {{Percentage | 804889 | 804889 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 265,378
| {{Percentage | 265378 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 357,051
| {{Percentage | 357051 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 176,227
| {{Percentage | 176227 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 2,404
| {{Percentage | 2404 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 842
| {{Percentage | 842 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 801920 | 2 }}
! 801,920
! {{Percentage | 801920 | 801920 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district|Karnal District]]
| 556,203
| {{Percentage | 556203 | 799787 | 2 }}
| 224,920
| {{Percentage | 224920 | 799787 | 2 }}
| 13,531
| {{Percentage | 13531 | 799787 | 2 }}
| 920
| {{Percentage | 920 | 799787 | 2 }}
| 4,213
| {{Percentage | 4213 | 799787 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 799787 | 2 }}
! 799,787
! {{Percentage | 799787 | 799787 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district|Kangra District]]
| 725,156
| {{Percentage | 725156 | 770386 | 2 }}
| 38,859
| {{Percentage | 38859 | 770386 | 2 }}
| 1,910
| {{Percentage | 1910 | 770386 | 2 }}
| 386
| {{Percentage | 386 | 770386 | 2 }}
| 81
| {{Percentage | 81 | 770386 | 2 }}
| 3,994
| {{Percentage | 3994 | 770386 | 2 }}
! 770,386
! {{Percentage | 770386 | 770386 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak District]]
| 450,549
| {{Percentage | 450549 | 541489 | 2 }}
| 86,076
| {{Percentage | 86076 | 541489 | 2 }}
| 161
| {{Percentage | 161 | 541489 | 2 }}
| 334
| {{Percentage | 334 | 541489 | 2 }}
| 4,369
| {{Percentage | 4369 | 541489 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 541489 | 2 }}
! 541,489
! {{Percentage | 541489 | 541489 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district|Ambala District]]
| 380,592
| {{Percentage | 380592 | 689970 | 2 }}
| 205,203
| {{Percentage | 205203 | 689970 | 2 }}
| 94,471
| {{Percentage | 94471 | 689970 | 2 }}
| 7,483
| {{Percentage | 7483 | 689970 | 2 }}
| 2,187
| {{Percentage | 2187 | 689970 | 2 }}
| 34
| {{Percentage | 34 | 689970 | 2 }}
! 689,970
! {{Percentage | 689970 | 689970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Delhi|Delhi District]]
| 469,561
| {{Percentage | 469561 | 657604 | 2 }}
| 171,745
| {{Percentage | 171745 | 657604 | 2 }}
| 2,985
| {{Percentage | 2985 | 657604 | 2 }}
| 5,693
| {{Percentage | 5693 | 657604 | 2 }}
| 7,539
| {{Percentage | 7539 | 657604 | 2 }}
| 81
| {{Percentage | 81 | 657604 | 2 }}
! 657,604
! {{Percentage | 657604 | 657604 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon District]]
| 421,885
| {{Percentage | 421885 | 643177 | 2 }}
| 217,237
| {{Percentage | 217237 | 643177 | 2 }}
| 342
| {{Percentage | 342 | 643177 | 2 }}
| 782
| {{Percentage | 782 | 643177 | 2 }}
| 2,921
| {{Percentage | 2921 | 643177 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 643177 | 2 }}
! 643,177
! {{Percentage | 643177 | 643177 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 190,965
| {{Percentage | 190965 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 304,860
| {{Percentage | 304860 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 110,525
| {{Percentage | 110525 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 19,879
| {{Percentage | 19879 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 73
| {{Percentage | 73 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 626324 | 2 }}
! 626,324
! {{Percentage | 626324 | 626324 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 131,370
| {{Percentage | 131370 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 176,043
| {{Percentage | 176043 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 207,042
| {{Percentage | 207042 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 888
| {{Percentage | 888 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 1,849
| {{Percentage | 1849 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 517192 | 2 }}
! 517,192
! {{Percentage | 517192 | 517192 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla Hill States]]
| 386,953
| {{Percentage | 386953 | 404343 | 2 }}
| 11,374
| {{Percentage | 11374 | 404343 | 2 }}
| 2,911
| {{Percentage | 2911 | 404343 | 2 }}
| 224
| {{Percentage | 224 | 404343 | 2 }}
| 172
| {{Percentage | 172 | 404343 | 2 }}
| 2,709
| {{Percentage | 2709 | 404343 | 2 }}
! 404,343
! {{Percentage | 404343 | 404343 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jind State]]
| 210,222
| {{Percentage | 210222 | 271728 | 2 }}
| 37,520
| {{Percentage | 37520 | 271728 | 2 }}
| 22,566
| {{Percentage | 22566 | 271728 | 2 }}
| 187
| {{Percentage | 187 | 271728 | 2 }}
| 1,233
| {{Percentage | 1233 | 271728 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 271728 | 2 }}
! 271,728
! {{Percentage | 271728 | 271728 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 61,426
| {{Percentage | 61426 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 152,117
| {{Percentage | 152117 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 54,275
| {{Percentage | 54275 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 107
| {{Percentage | 107 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 205
| {{Percentage | 205 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 268133 | 2 }}
! 268,133
! {{Percentage | 268133 | 268133 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 126,414
| {{Percentage | 126414 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 46,032
| {{Percentage | 46032 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 76,198
| {{Percentage | 76198 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 238
| {{Percentage | 238 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 248887 | 2 }}
! 248,887
! {{Percentage | 248887 | 248887 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi State]]
| 178,115
| {{Percentage | 178115 | 181110 | 2 }}
| 2,799
| {{Percentage | 2799 | 181110 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 181110 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 181110 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 181110 | 2 }}
| 164
| {{Percentage | 164 | 181110 | 2 }}
! 181,110
! {{Percentage | 181110 | 181110 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmur State|Nahan State]]
| 130,276
| {{Percentage | 130276 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 6,016
| {{Percentage | 6016 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 2,142
| {{Percentage | 2142 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 37
| {{Percentage | 37 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 138520 | 2 }}
! 138,520
! {{Percentage | 138520 | 138520 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba State]]
| 126,269
| {{Percentage | 126269 | 135873 | 2 }}
| 8,750
| {{Percentage | 8750 | 135873 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 135873 | 2 }}
| 81
| {{Percentage | 81 | 135873 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 135873 | 2 }}
| 627
| {{Percentage | 627 | 135873 | 2 }}
! 135,873
! {{Percentage | 135873 | 135873 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 37,377
| {{Percentage | 37377 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 37,105
| {{Percentage | 37105 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 55,397
| {{Percentage | 55397 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 409
| {{Percentage | 409 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 130294 | 2 }}
! 130,294
! {{Percentage | 130294 | 130294 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 22,902
| {{Percentage | 22902 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 25,942
| {{Percentage | 25942 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 21,018
| {{Percentage | 21018 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 1,268
| {{Percentage | 1268 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71144 | 2 }}
! 71,144
! {{Percentage | 71144 | 71144 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kalsia State]]
| 30,640
| {{Percentage | 30640 | 55909 | 2 }}
| 18,820
| {{Percentage | 18820 | 55909 | 2 }}
| 6,258
| {{Percentage | 6258 | 55909 | 2 }}
| 31
| {{Percentage | 31 | 55909 | 2 }}
| 160
| {{Percentage | 160 | 55909 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 55909 | 2 }}
! 55,909
! {{Percentage | 55909 | 55909 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Suket State]]
| 54,268
| {{Percentage | 54268 | 54928 | 2 }}
| 587
| {{Percentage | 587 | 54928 | 2 }}
| 71
| {{Percentage | 71 | 54928 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 54928 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54928 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54928 | 2 }}
! 54,928
! {{Percentage | 54928 | 54928 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla District]]
| 29,047
| {{Percentage | 29047 | 39320 | 2 }}
| 5,820
| {{Percentage | 5820 | 39320 | 2 }}
| 693
| {{Percentage | 693 | 39320 | 2 }}
| 3,666
| {{Percentage | 3666 | 39320 | 2 }}
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 39320 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 39320 | 2 }}
! 39,320
! {{Percentage | 39320 | 39320 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dujana|Dujana State]]
| 20,161
| {{Percentage | 20161 | 25485 | 2 }}
| 5,324
| {{Percentage | 5324 | 25485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25485 | 2 }}
! 25,485
! {{Percentage | 25485 | 25485 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pataudi State]]
| 16,114
| {{Percentage | 16114 | 19543 | 2 }}
| 3,338
| {{Percentage | 3338 | 19543 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 19543 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 19543 | 2 }}
| 82
| {{Percentage | 82 | 19543 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 19543 | 2 }}
! 19,543
! {{Percentage | 19543 | 19543 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Loharu State]]
| 16,178
| {{Percentage | 16178 | 18597 | 2 }}
| 2,401
| {{Percentage | 2401 | 18597 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18597 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18597 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 18597 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18597 | 2 }}
! 18,597
! {{Percentage | 18597 | 18597 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!7,127,863
!{{Percentage | 7127863 | 13083165 | 2 }}
!3,781,163
!{{Percentage | 3781163 | 13083165 | 2 }}
!2,070,288
!{{Percentage | 2070288 | 13083165 | 2 }}
!55,237
!{{Percentage | 55237 | 13083165 | 2 }}
!40,798
!{{Percentage | 40798 | 13083165 | 2 }}
!7,816
!{{Percentage | 7816 | 13083165 | 2 }}
! 13,083,165
! {{Percentage | 13083165 | 13083165 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1911)<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}
| label1 = [[Islam]]
| value1 = 36.83
| color1 = Green
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 34.90
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 27.58
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Christianity]]
| value4 = 0.51
| color4 = DodgerBlue
| label5 = [[Jainism]]
| value5 = 0.17
| color5 = Brown
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.002
| color6 = grey
}}
The religious demography according to the 1911 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1911)<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=Punjab1911|1911 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], and [[Nabha State|Nabha]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of [[Punjab, India]]. See 1911 census data here:<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 307,384
| {{Percentage | 307384 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 563,940
| {{Percentage | 563940 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 532,292
| {{Percentage | 532292 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 739
| {{Percentage | 739 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 3,282
| {{Percentage | 3282 | 1407659 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 1407659 | 2 }}
! 1,407,659
! {{Percentage | 1407659 | 1407659 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 418,553
| {{Percentage | 418553 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 273,832
| {{Percentage | 273832 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 262,511
| {{Percentage | 262511 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 3,342
| {{Percentage | 3342 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 1,401
| {{Percentage | 1401 | 959657 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 959657 | 2 }}
! 959,657
! {{Percentage | 959657 | 959657 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 281,805
| {{Percentage | 281805 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 498,642
| {{Percentage | 498642 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 134,146
| {{Percentage | 134146 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 2,978
| {{Percentage | 2978 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 998
| {{Percentage | 998 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 918569 | 2 }}
! 918,569
! {{Percentage | 918569 | 918569 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 408,882
| {{Percentage | 408882 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 211,708
| {{Percentage | 211708 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 253,941
| {{Percentage | 253941 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 4,763
| {{Percentage | 4763 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 1,386
| {{Percentage | 1386 | 880728 | 2 }}
| 48
| {{Percentage | 48 | 880728 | 2 }}
! 880,728
! {{Percentage | 880728 | 880728 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 357,051
| {{Percentage | 357051 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 265,378
| {{Percentage | 265378 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 176,227
| {{Percentage | 176227 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 2,404
| {{Percentage | 2404 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 842
| {{Percentage | 842 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 801920 | 2 }}
! 801,920
! {{Percentage | 801920 | 801920 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 304,860
| {{Percentage | 304860 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 190,965
| {{Percentage | 190965 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 110,525
| {{Percentage | 110525 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 19,879
| {{Percentage | 19879 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 73
| {{Percentage | 73 | 626324 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 626324 | 2 }}
! 626,324
! {{Percentage | 626324 | 626324 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 176,043
| {{Percentage | 176043 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 131,370
| {{Percentage | 131370 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 207,042
| {{Percentage | 207042 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 888
| {{Percentage | 888 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 1,849
| {{Percentage | 1849 | 517192 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 517192 | 2 }}
! 517,192
! {{Percentage | 517192 | 517192 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 152,117
| {{Percentage | 152117 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 61,426
| {{Percentage | 61426 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 54,275
| {{Percentage | 54275 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 107
| {{Percentage | 107 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 205
| {{Percentage | 205 | 268133 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 268133 | 2 }}
! 268,133
! {{Percentage | 268133 | 268133 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 46,032
| {{Percentage | 46032 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 126,414
| {{Percentage | 126414 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 76,198
| {{Percentage | 76198 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 238
| {{Percentage | 238 | 248887 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 248887 | 2 }}
! 248,887
! {{Percentage | 248887 | 248887 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 37,105
| {{Percentage | 37105 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 37,377
| {{Percentage | 37377 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 55,397
| {{Percentage | 55397 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 409
| {{Percentage | 409 | 130294 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 130294 | 2 }}
! 130,294
! {{Percentage | 130294 | 130294 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 25,942
| {{Percentage | 25942 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 22,902
| {{Percentage | 22902 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 21,018
| {{Percentage | 21018 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 1,268
| {{Percentage | 1268 | 71144 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 71144 | 2 }}
! 71,144
! {{Percentage | 71144 | 71144 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!2,515,774
!{{Percentage | 2515774 | 6830507 | 2 }}
!2,383,954
!{{Percentage | 2383954 | 6830507 | 2 }}
!1,883,572
!{{Percentage | 1883572 | 6830507 | 2 }}
!35,125
!{{Percentage | 35125 | 6830507 | 2 }}
!11,951
!{{Percentage | 11951 | 6830507 | 2 }}
!131
!{{Percentage | 131 | 6830507 | 3 }}
!6,830,507
!{{Percentage | 6830507 | 6830507 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

=== 1901 census ===
==== East Punjab region ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1901)<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901"/>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1901}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]
| value1 = 58.63
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Islam]]
| value2 = 29.54
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 11.30
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = Jainism
| value4 = 0.31
| color4 = Brown
| label5 = [[Christianity]]
| value5 = 0.17
| color5 = DodgerBlue
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.05
| color6 = grey
}}
Prior to [[Partition of India|partition]], the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the [[Radcliffe Line]] was made into a new province – [[East Punjab]]. The area includes the contemporary states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by [[Districts of British India|district]] and [[princely state]] with an overall total as per the [[Census in British India|1901 Indian census]].
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of [[East Punjab|East Punjab, India]] region (1901)<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105602 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Punjab District Gazetteers Gurdaspur District Vol.21 Statistical Tables |year=1913}}</ref>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1901|1901 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1901 census data here:<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 880,490
| {{Percentage | 880490 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 357,334
| {{Percentage | 357334 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 355,649
| {{Percentage | 355649 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 2,877
| {{Percentage | 2877 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 316
| {{Percentage | 316 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 1596692 | 2 }}
! 1,596,692
! {{Percentage | 1596692 | 1596692 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 280,985
| {{Percentage | 280985 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 474,976
| {{Percentage | 474976 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 264,329
| {{Percentage | 264329 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 1,439
| {{Percentage | 1439 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 2,078
| {{Percentage | 2078 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 1023828 | 2 }}
! 1,023,828
! {{Percentage | 1023828 | 1023828 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 603,710
| {{Percentage | 603710 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 312,958
| {{Percentage | 312958 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 71,126
| {{Percentage | 71126 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 1,173
| {{Percentage | 1173 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 813
| {{Percentage | 813 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 989782 | 2 }}
! 989,782
! {{Percentage | 989782 | 989782 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 279,099
| {{Percentage | 279099 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 447,615
| {{Percentage | 447615 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 228,355
| {{Percentage | 228355 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 1,090
| {{Percentage | 1090 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 1,908
| {{Percentage | 1908 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 958072 | 2 }}
! 958,072
! {{Percentage | 958072 | 958072 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 368,051
| {{Percentage | 368051 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 421,011
| {{Percentage | 421011 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 125,817
| {{Percentage | 125817 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 969
| {{Percentage | 969 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 1,713
| {{Percentage | 1713 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 917587 | 2 }}
! 917,587
! {{Percentage | 917587 | 917587 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Karnal district|Karnal District]]
| 623,597
| {{Percentage | 623597 | 883225 | 2 }}
| 241,412
| {{Percentage | 241412 | 883225 | 2 }}
| 12,294
| {{Percentage | 12294 | 883225 | 2 }}
| 4,739
| {{Percentage | 4739 | 883225 | 2 }}
| 1,179
| {{Percentage | 1179 | 883225 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 883225 | 2 }}
! 883,225
! {{Percentage | 883225 | 883225 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ambala district|Ambala District]]
| 510,105
| {{Percentage | 510105 | 815880 | 2 }}
| 240,710
| {{Percentage | 240710 | 815880 | 2 }}
| 58,073
| {{Percentage | 58073 | 815880 | 2 }}
| 2,614
| {{Percentage | 2614 | 815880 | 2 }}
| 4,362
| {{Percentage | 4362 | 815880 | 2 }}
| 16
| {{Percentage | 16 | 815880 | 2 }}
! 815,880
! {{Percentage | 815880 | 815880 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hisar district|Hisar District]]
| 544,799
| {{Percentage | 544799 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 202,009
| {{Percentage | 202009 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 28,642
| {{Percentage | 28642 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 6,003
| {{Percentage | 6003 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 253
| {{Percentage | 253 | 781717 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 781717 | 2 }}
! 781,717
! {{Percentage | 781717 | 781717 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kangra district|Kangra District]]
| 722,554
| {{Percentage | 722554 | 768124 | 2 }}
| 39,672
| {{Percentage | 39672 | 768124 | 2 }}
| 1,220
| {{Percentage | 1220 | 768124 | 2 }}
| 113
| {{Percentage | 113 | 768124 | 2 }}
| 385
| {{Percentage | 385 | 768124 | 2 }}
| 4,180
| {{Percentage | 4180 | 768124 | 2 }}
! 768,124
! {{Percentage | 768124 | 768124 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon District]]
| 499,373
| {{Percentage | 499373 | 746208 | 2 }}
| 242,548
| {{Percentage | 242548 | 746208 | 2 }}
| 99
| {{Percentage | 99 | 746208 | 2 }}
| 3,909
| {{Percentage | 3909 | 746208 | 2 }}
| 278
| {{Percentage | 278 | 746208 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 746208 | 2 }}
! 746,208
! {{Percentage | 746208 | 746208 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 268,817
| {{Percentage | 268817 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 348,182
| {{Percentage | 348182 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 85,199
| {{Percentage | 85199 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 72
| {{Percentage | 72 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 3,571
| {{Percentage | 3571 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 705869 | 2 }}
! 705,869
! {{Percentage | 705869 | 705869 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Delhi|Delhi District]]
| 510,532
| {{Percentage | 510532 | 689039 | 2 }}
| 167,290
| {{Percentage | 167290 | 689039 | 2 }}
| 294
| {{Percentage | 294 | 689039 | 2 }}
| 7,726
| {{Percentage | 7726 | 689039 | 2 }}
| 3,158
| {{Percentage | 3158 | 689039 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 689039 | 2 }}
! 689,039
! {{Percentage | 689039 | 689039 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 269,076
| {{Percentage | 269076 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 235,937
| {{Percentage | 235937 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 164,919
| {{Percentage | 164919 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 2,217
| {{Percentage | 2217 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 947
| {{Percentage | 947 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 673097 | 2 }}
! 673,097
! {{Percentage | 673097 | 673097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak District]]
| 533,723
| {{Percentage | 533723 | 630672 | 2 }}
| 91,687
| {{Percentage | 91687 | 630672 | 2 }}
| 94
| {{Percentage | 94 | 630672 | 2 }}
| 5,087
| {{Percentage | 5087 | 630672 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 630672 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 630672 | 2 }}
! 630,672
! {{Percentage | 630672 | 630672 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla Hill States]]
| 373,886
| {{Percentage | 373886 | 389349 | 2 }}
| 11,535
| {{Percentage | 11535 | 389349 | 2 }}
| 1,318
| {{Percentage | 1318 | 389349 | 2 }}
| 274
| {{Percentage | 274 | 389349 | 2 }}
| 113
| {{Percentage | 113 | 389349 | 2 }}
| 2,223
| {{Percentage | 2223 | 389349 | 2 }}
! 389,349
! {{Percentage | 389349 | 389349 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 93,652
| {{Percentage | 93652 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 178,326
| {{Percentage | 178326 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 42,101
| {{Percentage | 42101 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 226
| {{Percentage | 226 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 314351 | 2 }}
! 314,351
! {{Percentage | 314351 | 314351 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 160,553
| {{Percentage | 160553 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 58,550
| {{Percentage | 58550 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 78,361
| {{Percentage | 78361 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 476
| {{Percentage | 476 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 297949 | 2 }}
! 297,949
! {{Percentage | 297949 | 297949 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jind State]]
| 211,963
| {{Percentage | 211963 | 282003 | 2 }}
| 38,717
| {{Percentage | 38717 | 282003 | 2 }}
| 29,975
| {{Percentage | 29975 | 282003 | 2 }}
| 1,258
| {{Percentage | 1258 | 282003 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 282003 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 282003 | 2 }}
! 282,003
! {{Percentage | 282003 | 282003 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mandi State]]
| 170,304
| {{Percentage | 170304 | 174045 | 2 }}
| 3,187
| {{Percentage | 3187 | 174045 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 174045 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 174045 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 174045 | 2 }}
| 510
| {{Percentage | 510 | 174045 | 2 }}
! 174,045
! {{Percentage | 174045 | 174045 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sirmur State|Nahan State]]
| 128,478
| {{Percentage | 128478 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 6,414
| {{Percentage | 6414 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 688
| {{Percentage | 688 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 61
| {{Percentage | 61 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 46
| {{Percentage | 46 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 135687 | 2 }}
! 135,687
! {{Percentage | 135687 | 135687 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chamba State]]
| 119,327
| {{Percentage | 119327 | 127834 | 2 }}
| 8,332
| {{Percentage | 8332 | 127834 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 127834 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 127834 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 127834 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 127834 | 2 }}
! 127,834
! {{Percentage | 127834 | 127834 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 35,778
| {{Percentage | 35778 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 35,996
| {{Percentage | 35996 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 52,721
| {{Percentage | 52721 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 406
| {{Percentage | 406 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 124912 | 2 }}
! 124,912
! {{Percentage | 124912 | 124912 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 38,409
| {{Percentage | 38409 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 27,229
| {{Percentage | 27229 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 10,495
| {{Percentage | 10495 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 1,361
| {{Percentage | 1361 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 77506 | 2 }}
! 77,506
! {{Percentage | 77506 | 77506 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kalsia State]]
| 38,626
| {{Percentage | 38626 | 67181 | 2 }}
| 21,921
| {{Percentage | 21921 | 67181 | 2 }}
| 6,453
| {{Percentage | 6453 | 67181 | 2 }}
| 181
| {{Percentage | 181 | 67181 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 67181 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 67181 | 2 }}
! 67,181
! {{Percentage | 67181 | 67181 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Suket State]]
| 54,005
| {{Percentage | 54005 | 54676 | 2 }}
| 665
| {{Percentage | 665 | 54676 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 54676 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54676 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54676 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54676 | 2 }}
! 54,676
! {{Percentage | 54676 | 54676 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Simla District]]
| 30,299
| {{Percentage | 30299 | 40351 | 2 }}
| 6,675
| {{Percentage | 6675 | 40351 | 2 }}
| 544
| {{Percentage | 544 | 40351 | 2 }}
| 32
| {{Percentage | 32 | 40351 | 2 }}
| 2,798
| {{Percentage | 2798 | 40351 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 40351 | 2 }}
! 40,351
! {{Percentage | 40351 | 40351 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dujana|Dujana State]]
| 18,380
| {{Percentage | 18380 | 24174 | 2 }}
| 5,790
| {{Percentage | 5790 | 24174 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 24174 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24174 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24174 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24174 | 2 }}
! 24,174
! {{Percentage | 24174 | 24174 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pataudi State]]
| 18,281
| {{Percentage | 18281 | 21933 | 2 }}
| 3,549
| {{Percentage | 3549 | 21933 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21933 | 2 }}
| 103
| {{Percentage | 103 | 21933 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21933 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21933 | 2 }}
! 21,933
! {{Percentage | 21933 | 21933 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Loharu State]]
| 13,254
| {{Percentage | 13254 | 15229 | 2 }}
| 1,963
| {{Percentage | 1963 | 15229 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 15229 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 15229 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 15229 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 15229 | 2 }}
! 15,229
! {{Percentage | 15229 | 15229 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
! 8,400,106
! {{Percentage | 8400106 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 4,232,190
! {{Percentage | 4232190 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 1,618,897
! {{Percentage | 1618897 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 44,421
! {{Percentage | 44421 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 24,220
! {{Percentage | 24220 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 7,138
! {{Percentage | 7138 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 14,326,972
! {{Percentage | 14326972 | 14326972 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}

==== Contemporary Punjab state ====
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religions in contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1901)<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901"/>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}
| label1 = [[Hinduism]]
| value1 = 42.69
| color1 = Orange
| label2 = [[Islam]]
| value2 = 37.74
| color2 = Green
| label3 = [[Sikhism]]
| value3 = 19.26
| color3 = DarkKhaki
| label4 = [[Jainism]]
| value4 = 0.16
| color4 = Brown
| label5 = [[Christianity]]
| value5 = 0.15
| color5 = DodgerBlue
| label6 = Others{{efn|name=others}}
| value6 = 0.002
| color6 = grey
}}
The religious demography according to the 1901 census for the region that comprises the [[Punjab, India|contemporary state of Punjab, India]] is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region (1901)<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901"/>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=Punjab1901|1901 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], and [[Nabha State|Nabha]]) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1901 census data here:<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]/ [[Princely state|Princely State]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Patiala State]]
| 880,490
| {{Percentage | 880490 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 357,334
| {{Percentage | 357334 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 355,649
| {{Percentage | 355649 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 2,877
| {{Percentage | 2877 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 316
| {{Percentage | 316 | 1596692 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 1596692 | 2 }}
! 1,596,692
! {{Percentage | 1596692 | 1596692 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar District]]
| 280,985
| {{Percentage | 280985 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 474,976
| {{Percentage | 474976 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 264,329
| {{Percentage | 264329 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 1,439
| {{Percentage | 1439 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 2,078
| {{Percentage | 2078 | 1023828 | 2 }}
| 21
| {{Percentage | 21 | 1023828 | 2 }}
! 1,023,828
! {{Percentage | 1023828 | 1023828 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]
| 603,710
| {{Percentage | 603710 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 312,958
| {{Percentage | 312958 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 71,126
| {{Percentage | 71126 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 1,173
| {{Percentage | 1173 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 813
| {{Percentage | 813 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 989782 | 2 }}
! 989,782
! {{Percentage | 989782 | 989782 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur District]]
| 279,099
| {{Percentage | 279099 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 447,615
| {{Percentage | 447615 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 228,355
| {{Percentage | 228355 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 1,090
| {{Percentage | 1090 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 1,908
| {{Percentage | 1908 | 958072 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 958072 | 2 }}
! 958,072
! {{Percentage | 958072 | 958072 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]]
| 368,051
| {{Percentage | 368051 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 421,011
| {{Percentage | 421011 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 125,817
| {{Percentage | 125817 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 969
| {{Percentage | 969 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 1,713
| {{Percentage | 1713 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 917587 | 2 }}
! 917,587
! {{Percentage | 917587 | 917587 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]{{efn|name="Gurdaspur1947"}}
| 268,817
| {{Percentage | 268817 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 348,182
| {{Percentage | 348182 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 85,199
| {{Percentage | 85199 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 72
| {{Percentage | 72 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 3,571
| {{Percentage | 3571 | 705869 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 705869 | 2 }}
! 705,869
! {{Percentage | 705869 | 705869 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana District]]
| 269,076
| {{Percentage | 269076 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 235,937
| {{Percentage | 235937 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 164,919
| {{Percentage | 164919 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 2,217
| {{Percentage | 2217 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 947
| {{Percentage | 947 | 673097 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 673097 | 2 }}
! 673,097
! {{Percentage | 673097 | 673097 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kapurthala State]]
| 93,652
| {{Percentage | 93652 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 178,326
| {{Percentage | 178326 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 42,101
| {{Percentage | 42101 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 226
| {{Percentage | 226 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 314351 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 314351 | 2 }}
! 314,351
! {{Percentage | 314351 | 314351 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nabha State]]
| 160,553
| {{Percentage | 160553 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 58,550
| {{Percentage | 58550 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 78,361
| {{Percentage | 78361 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 476
| {{Percentage | 476 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 297949 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 297949 | 2 }}
! 297,949
! {{Percentage | 297949 | 297949 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Faridkot State]]
| 35,778
| {{Percentage | 35778 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 35,996
| {{Percentage | 35996 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 52,721
| {{Percentage | 52721 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 406
| {{Percentage | 406 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 124912 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 124912 | 2 }}
! 124,912
! {{Percentage | 124912 | 124912 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Malerkotla State]]
| 38,409
| {{Percentage | 38409 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 27,229
| {{Percentage | 27229 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 10,495
| {{Percentage | 10495 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 1,361
| {{Percentage | 1361 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 77506 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 77506 | 2 }}
! 77,506
! {{Percentage | 77506 | 77506 | 2 }}
|-
!Total
!3,278,620
!{{Percentage | 3278620 | 7679645 | 2 }}
!2,898,114
!{{Percentage | 2898114 | 7679645 | 2 }}
!1,479,072
!{{Percentage | 1479072 | 7679645 | 2 }}
!12,306
!{{Percentage | 12306 | 7679645 | 2 }}
!11,415
!{{Percentage | 11415 | 7679645 | 2 }}
!118
!{{Percentage | 118 | 7679645 | 3 }}
!7,679,645
!{{Percentage | 7679645 | 7679645 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Territory roughly comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. Certain regions that would ultimately form part of the contemporary state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded from the data table above, while certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from the contemporary state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s) are included in the data table above. The demarcation an reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

==Sikhism in Punjab==
{{Main|Sikhs|Sikhism in India}}

{{Historical populations
|title = Decadal Sikh Population in Punjab, India
|type =
|footnote =
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|pop_name =
|percentages = pagr
|source = [[census of India]]{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}<ref name="epw.in">http://www.epw.in › files › pdf › re...PDF
Web results
Religious Composition of Punjab's Population - Economic and ...</ref><ref name="cpsindia.org">http://www.cpsindia.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518174007/http://www.cpsindia.org/ |date=18 May 2021 }} › Blog8PDF
The Declining share of Sikhs in the population of India</ref>
|1901 | 1,479,072
|1911 | 1,883,572
|1921 | 2,043,520
|1931 | 2,610,810
|1941 | 3,281,341
|1951 | 5,553,918
|1961 | 6,178,516
|1971 | 8,160,232
|1981 | 10,199,534
|1991 | 12,768,393
|2001 | 14,592,868
|2011 | 16,004,754
}}
[[File:Darshani_Deori_27_September_2018.jpg|thumb|Sikh pilgrims at the causeway to the sanctum of the [[Harmandir Sahib]], the holiest Sikh [[Gurdwara]]]]
[[File:Sikhism in Punjab (2011).jpg|thumb|Sikhism percent in Punjab, India by district (2011 census)]]

Sikhism was born in the Punjab area of South Asia, which now falls into the present day states of India and Pakistan. The main religions of the area at the time were Hinduism and Islam.The Sikh faith began around 1500 CE, when Guru Nanak began teaching a faith that was quite distinct from Hinduism and Islam. Nine Gurus followed Nanak and developed the Sikh faith and community over the next centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/history/history_1.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Origins of Sikhism|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

After the 1947 [[Partition of Punjab]], Sikhs became the majority religious group in Indian Punjab mainly due to the immigration of 2 million [[Sikhism in Pakistan|Sikhs from Pakistan]] into [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]], which have ultimately resulted in an increase in Sikh percentage from 33.70% in 1941 to 60.62% in 1951.<ref name="epw.in"/><ref name="cpsindia.org"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/amritsar/sikh-farmers-who-migrated-twice-suffered-the-most-during-partition-8090621/ | title=Sikh farmers who migrated twice suffered the most during Partition | date=15 August 2022 }}</ref>
While population that adheres to Sikh faith has increased, the percentage of Sikhs has declined from 60.62% in 1951 to 57.69% (a decline of 2.93% in last 60 years).

The Sikh population in India's Punjab have grown from 5.53 million in 1951 to 16 million in 2011 census (an increase of 10.47 million in last 60 years). [[Sikhs]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] have the lowest fertility rate of 1.6 children per women as per census 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/india-witnesses-decline-population-growth-rate-and-fertility-across-religious-groups-156058 | title=India witnesses decline in population growth rate and fertility across religious groups | date=4 October 2021 }}</ref>

Whilst Punjab, India has had a majority Sikh population for decades, recent statistics point toward a demographic decline of Sikhs in the state. School data from the Civil Registration System (CRS) shows that Sikh children are now a plurality (49%) at the foundational-level (pre-primary to Class II in the age group of 3–8-years-old). The causes for the demographic decline of Sikhs in Indian Punjab has been attributed to low fertility-rates, outbound migration of Sikhs abroad, and internal migration within India of persons from other states, oftentimes Uttar Pradesh or Bihar, settling in Indian Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=I. P. |date=5 March 2025 |title=Impact of emigration in Punjab: School data shows shift in demography |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/impact-of-emigration-in-punjab-school-data-shows-shift-in-demography/articleshow/118741267.cms |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=Times of India}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Decadal percentage of Sikhs in the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region<ref name="epw.in"/><ref name="cpsindia.org"/><ref name="researchgate.net"/>
|-
! rowspan="1" | Year
! rowspan="1" | Percent
! rowspan="1" | Increase
! rowspan="1" | Source(s)
|-
! 1901
! 19.26%*
! {{N/a}}
!{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}
|-
! 1911
! 27.58%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +8.32%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}
|-
! 1921
! 28.14%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.56%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}
|-
! 1931
! 32.14%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +4.00%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}
|-
! 1941
! 33.63%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +1.49%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}
|-
! 1951
! 55.65%*
! style="background: green" | +22.02%
!<ref name="Census1951"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1951}}
|-
! 1961
! 52.76%*
! style="background: Red" | -2.89%
!<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1961}}
|-
! 1971
! 60.22%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +7.46%
!<ref name="Census1971Punjab"/>
|-
! 1981
! 60.75%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.53%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 1991
! 62.95%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +2.2%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 2001
! 59.91%
! style="background: Red" | -3.04%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 2011
! 57.69%
! style="background: Red" | -2.22%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="4" |{{small|* - Note: 1901 to 1941 census statistics include certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from contemporary Punjab state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s), while certain regions that would form part of contemporary Punjab state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded. Likewise, 1951 & 1961 census statistics include certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from contemporary Punjab state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Jind]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s), while certain regions that would form part of contemporary Punjab state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s) are excluded. The demarcation and reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

==Hinduism in Punjab==
{{Main|Punjabi Hindus}}

{{Historical populations
|title = Decadal Hindu Population in Punjab, India
|type =
|footnote =
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|pop_name =
|percentages = pagr
|source = [[census of India]]{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}<ref name="epw.in"/><ref name="cpsindia.org"/><ref name="researchgate.net" />
|1901 | 3,278,620
|1911 | 2,383,954
|1921 | 2,462,215
|1931 | 2,351,417
|1941 | 2,597,038
|1951 | 3,449,844
|1961 | 4,256,936
|1971 | 5,087,067
|1981 | 6,200,146
|1991 | 6,989,166
|2001 | 8,998,214
|2011 | 10,678,410
}}
[[File:Hinduism in Punjab, India (2011).jpg|thumb|Hinduism percent in Punjab, India by district (2011 census]]

Hinduism is the second largest and fastest growing religion in the Indian state of Punjab with around 38.5% followers as of 2011 census. Hinduism is the 2nd largest religion of Punjabi peoples. It was the largest religion in Punjab before the advent of Islam from the West and birth of Sikhism in [[Punjab region]] from the east.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-07-31-mn-5273-story.html|title=Sikhs Dominate Punjab : Hindus: A Forgotten Minority|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=31 July 1985}}</ref> The Hindu population has increased drastically in the Indian Punjab from 1941 to 1951 mainly due to the immigration of 1 million Punjabi Hindu refugees from Pakistan's Punjab.<ref>Coochbehar Panchanan Barma University
https://cbpbu.ac.in › file › HISPDF
Pattern of Post 1947 Refugee Resettlement in India, Course</ref>

The Hindu percentage remained stable for decades. The Hindu percentage have increased from 37.66% in 1951 to 38.49% in 2011.

The Hindu population have increased from 3.44 million in 1951 to 10.67 million in 2011 (a growth of 7.23 million in 6 decades). Hindus in Punjab have a fertility rate of 1.9 children per women as per as census 2011.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/urbanisation/hindu-muslim-fertility-differentials-in-india-what-do-district-level-estimates-from-census-2011-tell-us.html | title=Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: What do district-level estimates from Census 2011 tell us? }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Decadal percentage of Hindus in the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region<ref name="epw.in"/><ref name="cpsindia.org"/><ref name="researchgate.net">{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312619811
|last=Gill |first=Mehar |date=2017-01-21 |pages=26–29 |title=Demographic Dynamism of Punjab, 1971-2011 |volume=52 |issue=3 |journal =Economic and Political Weekly |issn=0012-9976 |eissn=2349-8846 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" | Year
! rowspan="1" | Percent
! rowspan="1" | Increase
! rowspan="1" | Source(s)
|-
! 1901
! 42.69%*
! {{N/a}}
!{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}
|-
! 1911
! 34.90%*
! style="background: red" | -7.79%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}
|-
! 1921
! 33.90%*
! style="background: red" | -1.00%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}
|-
! 1931
! 28.95%*
! style="background: red" | -4.95%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}
|-
! 1941
! 26.62%*
! style="background: red" | -2.33%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}
|-
! 1951
! 42.27%*
! style="background: green" | +15.65%
!<ref name="Census1951"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1951}}
|-
! 1961
! 44.95%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +2.68%
!<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1961}}
|-
! 1971
! 37.54%
! style="background: red" | -7.41%
!<ref name="Census1971Punjab"/>
|-
! 1981
! 36.93%
! style="background: red" | -0.61%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 1991
! 34.46%
! style="background: red" | -2.47%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 2001
! 36.94%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +2.48%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 2011
! 38.49%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +1.55%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="4" |{{small|* - Note: 1901 to 1941 census statistics include certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from contemporary Punjab state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s), while certain regions that would form part of contemporary Punjab state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded. Likewise, 1951 & 1961 census statistics include certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from contemporary Punjab state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Jind]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s), while certain regions that would form part of contemporary Punjab state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s) are excluded. The demarcation and reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

==Islam in Punjab==
{{Main|Punjabi Muslims|Islam in Punjab, India}}

{{Historical populations
|title = Decadal Muslim Population in Punjab, India
|type =
|footnote =
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|pop_name =
|percentages = pagr
|source = [[Census of India]]{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}
|1901 | 2,898,114
|1911 | 2,515,774
|1921 | 2,686,598
|1931 | 3,072,619
|1941 | 3,748,410
|1947 | 90,172
|1951 | 110,160
|1961 | 181,234
|1971 | 252,688
|1981 | 321,287
|1991 | 390,077
|2001 | 382,045
|2011 | 535,489
}}
[[File:Muslim shrine in Mashingan town of Patiala district Punjab 01.jpg|thumb|A photo of a mosque in Punjab, India]]
[[File:Islam in Punjab, India (2011).jpg|thumb|Islam percent in Punjab, India by district (2011 census)]]
The Muslim population in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India reduced from approximately 38.4% according to the 1941 census{{efn|name=Punjab1941}} to 0.5% in 1947 as a result of [[Partition of Punjab]] riots which were caused during 1947 mainly in the various parts of [[East Punjab]].

Prior to partition, according to the 1941 census, approximately 3.75 million Muslims resided in the region that forms the contemporary state of Punjab in India.{{efn|name=Punjab1941}} At the time, Muslims formed the largest religious community in the region, comprising a narrow plurality at approximately 38.4 percent of the total population.{{efn|name=Punjab1941}} Following the [[partition of India]], the vast majority departed the region ''en masse'', migrating westward to the Punjab region that fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line, in the contemporary state of Punjab, Pakistan.

Most native [[Punjabi Muslims]] now live in [[Malerkotla district|Malerkotla]], and it is the only district where communal violence haven't occurred during partition because Guru [[Gobind Singh]] Ji have promised the Nawab of Malerkotla, [[Malerkotla State|Sher Mohammad Khan]] that the Muslim community in Malerkotla would never be harmed in the future times to come and as a result of Guru ji's blessing words, most of the Muslims were able to stayed back there.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://malerkotla.nic.in/history/#:~:text=The%20special%20relationship%20between%20Sikhs,the%20Nawab%20of%20Maler%20Kotla%20 | title=History | District Malerkotla, Government of Punjab | India }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/history/malerkotla-india-history-tolerance-communalism | title=In Malerkotla, One Can Find the Vestiges of India's Forgotten History of Tolerance }}</ref> Apart from Malerkotla, most of the Muslims living in other parts of Punjab are non-native and have came from neighbouring states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] on temporary basis as immigrants workers (small scale) and students.

[[Muslims]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] have a fertility rate of 2.4 children per women as per 2011 census.<ref name="auto"/> Islam is the fastest-growing religion in Punjab.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twocircles.net/2019apr01/430399.html#:~:text=Muslims%20are%20growing%20fairly%20rapidly,the%20total%20share%20of%20population |title=Muslims are once again dotting Punjab's landscape |date=April 1, 2019 |website=twocircles.net}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Decadal percentage of Muslims in the contemporary [[Punjab State, India]] region<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ummid.com/news/2019/march/29.03.2019/muslims-in-punjab.html|title = Muslims are dotting Punjab Landscape once again}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://punenvis.nic.in/index3.aspx?sslid=2277&subsublinkid=1527&langid=1&mid=1 |title=District wise Religious Composition of Population in Punjab in 1981, 1991, 2001 |website=ENVIS Centre : Punjab}}</ref><ref name="researchgate.net" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2015/01/09/the-vanishing-hindus-of-pakistan-a-demographic-study-2 | title=The Vanishing Hindus of Pakistan – a Demographic Study | date=9 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" | Year
! rowspan="1" | Percent
! rowspan="1" | Increase
! rowspan="1" | Source(s)
|-
! 1901
! 37.74%*
! {{N/a}}
!{{efn|name=Punjab1901}}
|-
! 1911
! 36.83%*
! style="background: red" | -0.91%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1911}}
|-
! 1921
! 36.99%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.16%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1921}}
|-
! 1931
! 37.83%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.84%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1931}}
|-
! 1941
! 38.42%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.59%
!{{efn|name=Punjab1941}}
|-
! 1947
! 0.5%*
! style="background: red" | -37.92%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 1951
! 0.85%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.35%
!<ref name="Census1951"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1951}}
|-
! 1961
! 0.85%*
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.00%
!<ref name="Census1961"/><ref name="Census1961Punjab"/>{{efn|name=Punjab1961}}
|-
! 1971
! 0.84%
! style="background: red" | -0.01%
!<ref name="Census1971Punjab"/>
|-
! 1981
! 1%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.07%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 1991
! 1.18%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.18%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 2001
! 1.57%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.39%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|-
! 2011
! 1.93%
! style="background: lightgreen" | +0.36%
!{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="4" |{{small|* - Note: 1901 to 1941 census statistics include certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from contemporary Punjab state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Mahendragarh]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s), while certain regions that would form part of contemporary Punjab state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s, alongside a portion of [[Kasur Tehsil]] including [[Patti, Punjab|Patti]], [[Khemkaran]], and 186 surrounding villages) are excluded. Likewise, 1951 & 1961 census statistics include certain regions that would ultimately be bifurcated from contemporary Punjab state ([[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Jind]], and [[Narwana]] [[tehsil]]s), while certain regions that would form part of contemporary Punjab state ([[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]] and [[Rupar]] [[tehsil]]s) are excluded. The demarcation and reorganization of boundaries in contemporary Punjab state occurred in 1966, officially termed ''[[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]]''.}}
|}

==Religious population by districts==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious population by district (2011)<ref name="census_2011"/>
! # !! District !! Sikh !! Hindu !! Muslim !! Christian !! Jain !! Buddhist !! Other religions !! Religion not stated
|-
| 1 || [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]] || 1,716,935 || 690,939 || 12,502 || 54,344 || 3,152 || 876 || 5,488 || 10,864
|-
| 2 || [[Barnala district|Barnala]] || 467,751 || 112,859 || 13,100 || 622 || 246 || 108 || 481 || 360
|-
| 3 || [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]] || 984,286 || 380,569 || 16,299 || 2,474 || 1,266 || 246 || 559 || 2,826
|-
| 4 || [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]] || 469,789 || 141,363 || 3,125 || 1,227 || 1,109 || 155 || 103 || 637
|-
| 5 || [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]] || 427,521 || 152,851 || 16,808 || 1,698 || 178 || 48 || 251 || 808
|-
| 6 || [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]] || 1,090,815 || 906,408 || 6,844 || 19,358 || 1,143 || 454 || 278 || 3,774
|-
| 7 || [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] || 1,002,874 || 1,074,332 || 27,667 || 176,587 || 580 || 405 || 812 || 15,066
|-
| 8 || [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]] || 538,208 || 1,000,743 || 23,089 || 14,968 || 2034 || 3,476 || 531 || 3,576
|-
| 9 || [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]] || 718,363 || 1,394,329 || 30,233 || 26,016 || 4,011 || 11,385 || 805 || 8,448
|-
| 10 || [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]] || 453,692 || 336,124 || 10,190 || 5,445 || 553 || 6,662 || 334 || 2,168
|-
| 11 || [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]] || 1,863,408 || 1,502,403 || 77,713 || 16,517 || 19,620 || 2,007 || 1,254 || 15,817
|-
| 12 || [[Mansa district, India|Mansa]] || 598,443 || 156,539 || 10,656 || 917 || 1,577 || 123 || 493 || 1,284
|-
| 13 || [[Moga district|Moga]] || 818,921 || 158,414 || 9,388 || 3,277 || 436 || 178 || 365 || 4,767
|-
| 14 || [[Muktsar district|Muktsar]] || 638,625 || 254,920 || 4,333 || 1,681 || 744 || 240 || 433 || 920
|-
| 15 || [[Patiala district|Patiala]] || 1,059,944 || 783,306 || 40,043 || 5,683 || 1,914 || 245 || 1,410 || 3,141
|-
| 16 || [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]] || 361,045 || 304,481 || 14,492 || 2,094 || 653 || 118 || 143 || 1,601
|-
| 17 || [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district|Mohali]] || 478,908 || 476,276 || 29,488 || 5,342 || 1,257 || 257 || 239 || 2,861
|-
| 18 || [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]] || 1,077,438 || 389,410 || 179,116 || 2,406 || 3,222 || 268 || 1,038 || 2,271
|-
| 19 || [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Nawanshehar]] || 192,885 || 401,368 || 6,829 || 1,479 || 695 || 5,885 || 266 || 2,903
|-
| 20 || [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]] || 1,044,903 || 60,504 || 3,855 || 6,095 || 650 || 101 || 47 || 3,472
|-
| colspan="2" |{{Center|'''Punjab''' (Total)}} || 16,004,754 || 10,678,138 || 535,489 || 348,230 || 45,040 || 33,237 || 10,886 || 87,564
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious population proportion by district (2011)<ref name="census_2011"/>
! # !! District !! Sikh !! Hindu !! Muslim !! Christian !! Jain !! Buddhist !! Other religions !! Religion not stated
|-
| 1 || [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]] || 68.94% || 27.74% || 0.50% || 2.18% || 0.13% || 0.04% || 0.04% || 0.44%
|-
| 2 || [[Barnala district|Barnala]] || 78.54% || 18.95% || 2.20% || 0.10% || 0.04% || 0.02% || 0.08% || 0.06%
|-
| 3 || [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]] || 70.89% || 27.41% || 1.17% || 0.18% || 0.09% || 0.02% || 0.04% || 0.20%
|-
| 4 || [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]] || 76.08% || 22.89% || 0.51% || 0.20% || 0.18% || 0.03% || 0.02% || 0.10%
|-
| 5 || [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]] || 71.23% || 25.47% || 2.80% || 0.28% || 0.03% || 0.01% || 0.04% || 0.13%
|-
| 6 || [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]] || 53.76% || 44.67% || 0.34% || 0.95% || 0.06% || 0.02% || 0.01% || 0.19%
|-
| 7 || [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] || 43.64% || 46.74% || 1.20% || 7.68% || 0.03% || 0.02% || 0.04% || 0.66%
|-
| 8 || [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]] || 33.92% || 63.07% || 1.46% || 0.94% || 0.13% || 0.22% || 0.03% || 0.23%
|-
| 9 || [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]] || 32.75% || 63.56% || 1.38% || 1.19% || 0.18% || 0.52% || 0.04% || 0.39%
|-
| 10 || [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]] || 55.66% || 41.23% || 1.25% || 0.67% || 0.07% || 0.82% || 0.04% || 0.27%
|-
| 11 || [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]] || 53.26% || 42.94% || 2.22% || 0.47% || 0.56% || 0.06% || 0.04% || 0.45%
|-
| 12 || [[Mansa district, India|Mansa]] || 77.75% || 20.34% || 1.35% || 0.12% || 0.20% || 0.02% || 0.06% || 0.17%
|-
| 13 || [[Moga district|Moga]] || 82.24% || 15.91% || 0.94% || 0.33% || 0.04% || 0.02% || 0.04% || 0.48%
|-
| 14 || [[Muktsar district|Muktsar]] || 70.81% || 28.26% || 0.48% || 0.19% || 0.08% || 0.03% || 0.05% || 0.10%
|-
| 15 || [[Patiala district|Patiala]] || 55.91% || 41.32% || 2.11% || 0.30% || 0.10% || 0.01% || 0.07% || 0.17%
|-
| 16 || [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]] || 52.74% || 44.47% || 2.12% || 0.31% || 0.10% || 0.02% || 0.02% || 0.23%
|-
| 17 || [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district|Mohali]] || 48.15% || 47.88% || 2.96% || 0.54% || 0.13% || 0.03% || 0.02% || 0.29%
|-
| 18 || [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]] || 65.10% || 23.53% || 10.82% || 0.15% || 0.19% || 0.02% || 0.06% || 0.14%
|-
| 19 || [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Nawanshehar]] || 31.50% || 65.55% || 1.12% || 0.24% || 0.11% || 0.96% || 0.04% || 0.47%
|-
| 20 || [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]] || 93.33% || 5.40% || 0.34% || 0.54% || 0.06% || 0.01% || 0.00% || 0.31%
|-
| colspan="2" | {{Center|'''Punjab''' (Total)}} || 57.69% || 38.49% || 1.93% || 1.26% || 0.16% || 0.12% || 0.04% || 0.32%
|}

==See also==
*[[Punjabis]]
*[[Sikhs]]
*[[Punjabi Hindus]]
*[[Punjabi Muslims]]
*[[Health in Punjab, India]]
*[[Women in Punjab, India]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Demographics of India}}
{{Punjab, India}}

[[Category:Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Demographics of India by state or union territory|Punjab]]

Wyra Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:37:42Z

BrianSop: New basic stub basic info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Wyra
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (115-Wyra highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Wyra Assembly constituency within Telangana
| type = SLA
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Bhadradri Kothagudem district|Bhadradri Kothagudem]], [[Khammam district|Khammam]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]
| constituency_no = 115
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| abolished =
| mla = [[Ramdas Maloth|Maloth Ramdas Nayak]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{Formatnum:184840}}
}}

'''Wyra Assembly constituency''' is a ST reserved constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is part of [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency]]. Its number is 115.<ref name="delimitation2008">{{cite web |date=26 November 2008 |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |accessdate=12 February 2021 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

In the 2018 Assembly elections, Lavudya Ramulu Nayak was elected as MLA as independent and joined in [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]].

In the 2023 Assembly elections, [[Ramdas Maloth]] was elected as MLA from Indian National Congress.

== Mandals ==

The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{{Static row numbers}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
! Mandal
! District
|-
| [[Wyra]]
|rowspan=4| [[Khammam district|Khammam]]
|-
| [[Enkuru mandal]]
|-
| [[Konijerla]]
|-
| [[Singareni]]
|-
| [[Julurpadu]]
| [[Bhadradri Kothagudem district|Bhadradri Kothagudem]]
|-
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Andhra Pradesh
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[United Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Banoth Chandravathi|Chandravathi Banoth]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Banoth Madanlal|Banoth Madan Lal]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Lavudya Ramulu
| {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Ramdas Maloth]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Wyra<ref name="Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Wyra">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S29115.htm|title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Wyra|date=13 December 2023|access-date=7 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507093912/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S29115.htm|archive-date=7 May 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="Wyra Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/wyra|title=Wyra Constituency Election Results 2023|date=13 December 2023|access-date=7 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507094037/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/wyra|archive-date=7 May 2025|publisher=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ramdas Maloth]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 93,913
|percentage = 55.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Banoth Madanlal
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|votes = 60,868
|percentage = 35.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhukya Veerabhadram
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 4,439
|percentage = 2.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jana Sena Party
|candidate = Sampath Nayak
|votes = 2,679
|percentage = 1.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,230
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes = 33,045
|percentage = 19.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,69,407
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
| title = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Wyra<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |access-date=25 November 2023 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Lavudya Ramulu
| party = Independent
| votes = 52,650
| percentage = 33.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Madan Lal
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| votes = 50,637
| percentage = 32.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Vijaya
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 32,757
| percentage = 20.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhukya Veerabhadram
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| votes = 11,373
| percentage = 7.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = None of the Above
| party = NOTA
| votes = 2,360
| percentage = 1.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 2,013
| percentage = 1.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,57,847
| percentage = 89.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Independent
| loser = YSR Congress Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===

{{Election box begin
| title = [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Wyra<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Andhra Pradesh 2014 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |access-date=25 November 2023 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Madan Lal
| party = YSR Congress Party
| votes = 59,318
| percentage = 40.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Balaji
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| votes = 48,735
| percentage = 33.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Narayana Moodu
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 27,071
| percentage = 18.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Chandravathi
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| votes = 7,704
| percentage = 5.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = None of the Above
| party = NOTA
| votes = 912
| percentage = 0.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 10,583
| percentage = 7.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,48,082
| percentage = 88.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = YSR Congress Party
| loser = Communist Party of India
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===

{{Election box begin
| title = [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Wyra<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Andhra Pradesh 2009 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |access-date=25 November 2023 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Chandravthi Banoth
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 53,090
| percentage = 41.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhukya Ramachandra Nayak
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 39,464
| percentage = 31.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Vani Kumari
| party = Praja Rajyam Party
| votes = 16,585
| percentage = 13.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Banoth Madanlal
| party = Independent
| votes = 5,551
| percentage = 4.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| candidate = Katta Venkateswarlu
| party = Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
| votes = 3,058
| percentage = 2.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Maloth Prasada Rao
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 2,024
| percentage = 1.59
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 13,626
| percentage = 10.72
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 1,27,094
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 83
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,27,177
| percentage = 85.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,49,359
| change =
| ref =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Communist Party of India
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==

* [[List of constituencies of the Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{Coord|17.20|80.35|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Bhadradri Kothagudem district]]
[[Category:Khammam district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Dwarka, Delhi Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:26:09Z

BrianSop: Added data - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dwarka
| mla = [[Parduymn Rajput]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[West Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 33
}}
'''Dwarka Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the [[National Capital Territory]] in northern India.

==Overview==
Dwarka constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002. This constituency covers part of [[Dwarka Sub City|Dwarka]], Nasirpur Village, [[Dashrath Puri]], [[Dabri, Delhi]] and [[Sagar Pur]] mainly.
Dwarka is part of [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]] along with nine other Assembly segments, namely, [[Madipur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Madipur]], [[Rajouri Garden (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rajouri Garden]], [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]], [[Tilak Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tilak Nagar]], [[Janakpuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Janakpuri]], [[Vikaspuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vikaspuri]], [[Uttam Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Uttam Nagar]], [[Matiala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matiala]] and [[Najafgarh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Najafgarh]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Mahabal Mishra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2009^ <ref>By-election due to election of [[Mahabal Mishra]] as [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi]]</ref>
| rowspan="2" | [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| [[Adarsh Shastri]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| [[Vinay Mishra]]
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| rowspan="1" | [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=1|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2025"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: Dwarka<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Dwarka">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Dwarka |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0533.htm |access-date=16 March 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316070919/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0533.htm |archive-date=16 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="Dwarka Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Dwarka Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/dwarka |access-date=16 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316070956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/dwarka |archive-date=16 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Parduymn Rajput]]
|votes = 69,137
|percentage = 49.56
|change = {{Increase}}7.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Vinay Mishra]]
|votes = 61,308
|percentage = 43.95
|change = {{decrease}}8.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Adarsh Shastri]]
|votes = 6,773
|percentage = 4.86
|change = {{decrease}}0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 729
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,829
|percentage = 5.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,38,775
|percentage = 62.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Aam Aadmi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2025"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: Dwarka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Vinay Mishra]]
|votes = 71003
|percentage = 52.3
|change = -6.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
|votes = 56,616
|percentage = 41.7
|change = +11.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Adarsh Shastri]]
|votes = 6,757
|percentage = 5.0
|change = -4.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 578
|percentage = 0.3
|change = 0.06
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,387
|percentage = 10.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,35,760
|percentage = 64.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: Dwarka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Adarsh Shastri]]
| votes = 79,729
| percentage = 59.07
| change = +26.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
| votes = 40,363
| percentage = 29.90
| change = -7.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Mahabal Mishra]]
| votes = 12,532
| percentage = 9.28
| change = -11.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Amit Chauhan
| votes = 608
| percentage = 0.45
| change = -1.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 332
| percentage = 0.24
| change = -0.40
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 39,366
| percentage = 29.17
| change = +24.63
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,34,988
| percentage =67.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +22.60
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: Dwarka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
| votes = 42,734
| percentage = 37.30
| change = -17.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Ravi Kumar Suryan
| votes = 37,537
| percentage = 32.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Tasveer Solanki
| votes = 23,487
| percentage = 20.50
| change = -16.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = National Youth Party
| candidate = Rajneesh Kumar Jha
| votes = 4,398
| percentage = 3.84
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Pramod Kumar
| votes = 2,751
| percentage = 2.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Rajiv Kumar Gautam
| votes = 1,760
| percentage = 1.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 729
| percentage = 0.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 5,197
| percentage = 4.54
| change = -12.83
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,14,567
| percentage = 65.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -17.56
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 By-election results===
{{Election box begin | title=Delhi Legislative Assembly By-election, 2009: Dwarka<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/2009-10/Bye-election-2009.xls 2009 Bye Election results, Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
| votes = 35,891
| percentage = 54.86
| change = +19.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Tilotma Chodhary
| votes = 24,526
| percentage = 37.49
| change = -14.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Madan Mohan
| votes = 3,178
| percentage = 4.86
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mordhwaj Rai
| votes = 417
| percentage = 0.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gulfan
| votes = 332
| percentage = 0.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party
| candidate = Om Prakash Indora
| votes = 286
| percentage = 0.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Suvash Kr Ch
| votes = 234
| percentage = 0.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajesh Kumar Hotla
| votes = 162
| percentage = 0.25
| change = +0.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Ekta Party (R)
| candidate = Hari Prakash
| votes = 151
| percentage = 0.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party
| candidate = Naresh Chanra P
| votes = 85
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh Kumarr Tanwar
| votes = 60
| percentage = 0.09
| change = -0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
| candidate = Prof R N Singh
| votes = 51
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anil Singh
| votes = 45
| percentage = 0.07
| change = 0.00
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 11,365
| percentage = 17.37
| change = +0.60
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 65,418
| percentage = 46.56
| change = -15.84
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = +11.88
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Dwarka<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Mahabal Mishra]]
| votes = 43,608
| percentage = 52.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pradyuman Rajput]]
| votes = 29,627
| percentage = 35.56
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Babu Ram
| votes = 7,806
| percentage = 9.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Mukesh Kumar Chaudhary
| votes = 553
| percentage = 0.66
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Subhash Kumar Chaudhary
| votes = 400
| percentage = 0.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| candidate = Jogendra Singh
| votes = 350
| percentage = 0.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Kapil Kumar
| votes = 225
| percentage = 0.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajesh Sinha
| votes = 159
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh Kumar
| votes = 150
| percentage = 0.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Om Prakash Indora
| votes = 125
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ramesh Kumar Hotla
| votes = 120
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| candidate = Bishnu Pathak
| votes = 76
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh Kumar
| votes = 69
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anil Kumar Singh
| votes = 57
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 13,981
| percentage = 16.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 83,325
| percentage = 62.4
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Dwarka Sub City|Dwarka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.575|77.050|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:West Delhi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Chalanggai

2026-04-12T01:08:52Z

BrianSop: Added post - done

{{short description|Malaysian Tamil-language family drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chalanggai
| image = Chalanggai.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Deepak Kumaran Menon
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Vimala Perumal]] Deepak Kumaran Menon Sooria Kumari
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Vimala Perumal
| starring = Dhaarshini Sankran Ramesh Kumar Kalpana Sundraju Shangkara
| narrator =
| cinematography = Albert Hue
| editing = Deepak Kumaran Menon
| music = Hardesh Singh
| studio = One Hundred Eye MyFoto Studio
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2007|02|03|[[International Film Festival Rotterdam|Rotterdam]]|2007|07||Theatrical|df=y}}
| runtime = 98 minutes
| country = Malaysia
| language = Tamil Malay Mandarin English
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Chalanggai''''' (''[[Ghungroo|Dancing Bells]]'') is a 2007 Malaysian Tamil-language [[family drama film]] directed by Deepak Kumar Menon, who co-wrote the film alongside producer [[Vimala Perumal]] and Sooria Kumari. The film stars Dhaarshini Sankran, Ramesh Kumar, Kalpana Sundraju and Shangkara.

The film had a limited release in Malaysia and was screened in various film festivals worldwide.

==Plot==
Set in [[Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur]], the film follows an Indian family after father Raja leaves his family leaving mother Muniammah to support her two kids with her flower stall. Her 11-year-old daughter Uma has aspirations to become a dancer despite her mother's inhibitions. She also has a son Siva who washes car as a living and has materialistic aspirations.<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/filmmaker-wants-good-guy-malaysia-indians-on-screen-idUSKLR31861/|title=Filmmaker wants "good guy" Malaysia Indians on screen|work=[[Reuters]]|first=Jalil|last=Hamad|date=13 December 2007|location=Kuala Lumpur|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="V"/>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*Dhaarshini Sankran as Uma
*Ramesh Kumar as Siva
*Kalpana Sundraju as Muniammah
*Bala Sundram @ Roy as Kali
*Shangkara as Raja
*Ramli Ibrahim
*Gandhi Nathan
*Amir Muhammad
* Suganthan Periasamy
*Bosco Raju
*Sooria Kumari
*Lim Eng Beng
*Devamalar Kathan
}}

== Production ==
Deepak Kumar Menon based the film on real life happenings in his life such as losing friends due to accidents, alcohol, suicides or murders. The film was partly funded through the [[National Geographic]] through their Seed Grant.<ref name="R"/><ref name="Trailer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Isx1sKwPoc8|title=CHALANGGAI (Dancing Bells) Cinema Trailer|date=May 25, 2007|via=YouTube|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Reviewing the film at the [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]], Jay Weissburg of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote, "Current pic[ture] uses the aspirations of a young girl from a broken home to comment on minorities coping with urban marginalization, but Menon’s approach is far from polemical, and his narrative skills often too piecemeal to create a lasting impression. “''Dancing Bells''” sounds a pleasant but weak note for Malaysian cinema, likely to capture local attention but only intermittent fest play".<ref name="V">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/dancing-bells-1200509802/|title=Dancing Bells|first=Jay|last=Weissberg|date=March 9, 2007|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cj.my/139863/deepak-kumaran-menon-visionary-filmmaker-cultural-pioneer/|title=Deepak Kumaran Menon: Visionary filmmaker, cultural pioneer |work= Citizens Journal|date=January 14, 2024|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref> GjZ, reviewing the film at the same film festival wrote, "Menon draws a beautifully realistic and detailed portrait of a family that has to survive and above all has to maintain its dignity. [...] This makes ''Dancing Bells'' not only authentic, but also emotional. These are real feelings of real people portrayed in a realistic way".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2007/films/dancing-bells|title=Dancing Bells|date=2007|work=[[International Film Festival Rotterdam|IFFR]]|author=GjZ|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref>

Netherlands-based film curator Gertjan Zuilhof wrote that the film is a "[b]eautiful artistic portrait of a family that has to survive and above all maintain its dignity".<ref name="Trailer"/> Hong Kong-based film curator Jacob Wong wrote that the film is a "[n]aturalistic feature [that] reveals a minority under stress in the shadows of a developing Malaysia".<ref name="Trailer"/>

==Accolades and selections==
===Accolades===
*20th [[Malaysia Film Festival]] - Best Digital Film<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wd21AQAAQBAJ&dq=Chalanggai&pg=PA162|title=Crossover Cinema|page=162|last1=Raj|first1=Sony Jalarajan|first2=Rohini|last2=Sreekumar|date=23 October 2013|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-136-22176-7 |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>
*36th [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]] - NETPAC Special Mention<ref name="Awards"/>
*[[Tokyo International Film Festival]] - Special Mention<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9Q1AQAAIAAJ&q=Chalanggai|title=キネマ旬報|trans-title=Kinema Junpo|language=ja|date= February 2008|publisher=Nippon Eiga Publishing Company|access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>
*9th [[Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema]] - NETPAC Best Film<ref name="Awards"/>

===Selections===
The film was screened at various film festivals in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas.<ref name="Awards">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blWeEAAAQBAJ&dq=Chalanggai&pg=PA131|title=Malaysian Cinema in the New Millenium|date=2022|page=131|last=Lee|first=Adrian Yuen Beng|publisher=[[Hong Kong University Press]]|isbn=978-988-8528-52-3 |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>
*[[Busan International Film Festival]] 2007<ref name="Trailer"/>
*5th [[Bangkok International Film Festival]]<ref name="Awards"/>
*[[Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cc8qAQAAIAAJ&q=Chalanggai|title=Festival do Rio|language=Portuguese|date=2007|publisher=Rio de Janeiro City Hall|access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0949869}}

[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Tamil diaspora in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Malaysian films]]
[[Category:Malaysian drama films]]
[[Category:2007 drama films]]

Kalubhai Rathod

2026-04-10T04:01:46Z

BrianSop: creating new entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kalubhaiji Chanabhaiji Rathod
| office = Member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| assembly =
| constituency = [[Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Una]]
| country = [[India]]
| predecessor = [[Punjabhai Vansh]]
| successor = [[Punjabhai Vansh]]
| term_start = (2007-2012), (2022-Present)
| source = https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/una.html
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_name = Kalubhaiji Chanabhaiji Rathod
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1963}}
| birth_place = [[Una, Gujarat|Una]], [[Gir Somnath district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| citizenship = {{flag|India}}
| parents = Chanabhaiji Lakhmanbhaiji Rathod (father)
| occupation = [[Agriculturist]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Kalubhaiji Chanabhaiji Rathod'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0693.htm?ac=93 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref> is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]], [[social work]]er and serving Member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] as a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]] and representing the [[Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Una]] constituency in [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalubhai Chanabhai Rathod Election Results 2022: News, Votes, Results of Gujarat Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election-candidates-list-2022/kalubhai-chanabhai-rathod-06093-3 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat: 29 newly-elected MLAs face SERIOUS Criminal Cases, most from THIS party |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/gujarat-29-newly-elected-mlas-face-serious-criminal-cases-most-from-this-party/amp/ar-AA158ZZA |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathod, Kalubhai}}
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:People from Gir Somnath district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

Satyanarayana Puja

2026-04-02T17:20:11Z

BrianSop: New new article first draft

{{Italic title}}
{{Short description|Religious ritual worship of Vishnu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{other uses|Satyanarayan (disambiguation)|Satyanarayana (disambiguation)|Satya Narayan (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Devotees.jpg|thumb|Bengali religious print circa 1940 of Satyanarayana puja with devotees and priest around.]]

The '''Satyanārāyaṇa Pūjā''' or '''Satyanārāyaṇa Vrata Kathā''' is a [[Puja (Hinduism)|pūjā]] (religious ritual worship) dedicated to the Hindu god Satyanārāyaṇa, identified as an ''avatāra'' of [[Vishnu|Viṣṇu]] in [[Kali Yuga]].

The pūjā is described in the ''[[Bhavishya Purana#Pratisarga Parva|Pratisargaparvan]]'' of the [[Bhavishya Purana|''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa'']] and in the printed Bengali edition of the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'', a part of the ''[[Skanda Purana|Skanda Purāṇa]]''. Additionally, Satyanārāyaṇa was a popular subject in medieval Bengali literature. Scholars state Satyanārāyaṇa is a syncretic form of [[Satya Pir|Satya Pīr]] of Bengal, and has been subject to variable levels of Sanskritization and accommodation into classical [[Vaiṣṇava]] ''[[Avatar|avatāra]]'' theology.

The pūjā involves the recitation of the Satyanārāyaṇa vrata kathā, a collection of tales involving a poor brāhmaṇa, a woodcutter, a sea-merchant and his family, and sometimes a king. The theme of the stories is that a worshipper who promises to undertake the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa and performs his pūjā will be delivered economic prosperity; those who fail to keep their promise are punished.

=={{anchor|Procedure|Satya Nārāṇaya Puja Rituals|Śrī Satya Nārāṇaya Svāmī Kathā}}The Puja==

According to Munshi [[Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad|Abdul Karim]] in Kavivallabha, ''Satyanārāyaṇa Punthi'' (1914-1915), and some secondary literature during the reign of the caliph [[Al-Muqtadir]] there was a Persian Sufi in [[Baghdad]] named [[Al-Hallaj|Mansur Hāllāj]] who would repeat the phrase "Ānal Haq" or "I am Truth", even after he was killed by the [[Al-Muqtadir|caliph]], cut into pieces, and burnt into ash. Karim states that this Sufi saint became known as Satya Pīr to Indian Muslims and Satyanārāyaṇa to Indian Hindus who were identical. Karim further states that Satyanārāyaṇa is not found among the lists of the names of the gods in the Hindu Shastras, is not mentioned by any Vaishnava poets, but is mentioned in the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' of the ''Skanda Purāṇa''. Karim also states that Old Bengali poets who write about Satyanārāyaṇa do so with accounts differing from that of the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'', and also that the food offered to Satyanārāyaṇa by Hindus is the exact same as the food offered to Satya Pīr by Muslims. Satya Chandra Mitra rejects these arguments, stating there is no historical evidence of anyone named Mansur Hāllāj and that Hindus have never appropriated foreign saints into their own worship. He states the omission of Satyanārāyaṇa by Vaishnava poets and the alternative accounts of Old Bengali poets are not strong arguments for the recentness of Satyanārāyaṇa worship. Mitra, relying on the authenticity of the antiquity of the ''Purāṇa''s, states that its inclusion in the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' is solid proof of the older origins of Satyanārāyaṇa worship. He also notes that the modern association between Satyanārāyaṇa and Satya Pīr is found only in Bengal, whereas in Bihar and Upper India Satyanārāyaṇa is worshipped purely as a form of Viṣṇu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mitra |first=Sarat Chandra |date=1919 |title=On the Worship of the Deity Satyanārāyana in Northern India |journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay |volume=XI |pages=768–811}}</ref> According to Stewart, Hindus considered Satya Pir to be a [[Kali Yuga]] incarnation of Viṣṇu, while Muslims considered him to be a pir, sometimes loosely connected to the historical Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj of Mecca or a local Bengali pir.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Tony K. |title=Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identites in Islamicate South Asia |publisher=University Press of Florida |year=2000 |editor-last=Gilmartin |editor-first=David |chapter=Alternative Structures of Authority: Satya Pīr on the Frontiers of Bengal |editor-last2=Bruce B. |editor-first2=Lawrence}}</ref> There is also "thin" evidence that Satya Pīr was the son of the daughter of [[Alauddin Husain Shah]]. According to Stewart, the biography of Satya Pīr is fictional.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Tony |title=Witness to Marvels: Sufism and Literary Imagination |publisher=University of California Press |year=2019 |chapter=Pragmatics of Pīr Kathā: Emplotment and Extra-Discursive Effects}}</ref>

The ''Satya-nārāyaṇa-vrata-kathā'' is a short work found in the ''Itihāsa-samuccaya''. The ''Itihāsa-samuccaya'' is a collection of anecdotes from the ''Mahābhārata'', however [[Hara Prasad Shastri|Haraprasāda Śāstrī]] notes that the ''Satya-nārāyaṇa-vrata-kathā'' is not actually found in the ''Mahābhārata'' itself. The instructions for the ''Satya-nārāyaṇa-vrata-kathā'' are found the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' of the ''[[Skanda Purana|Skanda Purāṇa]]'' which he states is a "very modern work". Śāstrī states the ''Satya-nārāyaṇa-vrata-kathā'' is also "very modern work" and the pūjā is of Islamic origins and style, and was originally and still called [[Satya Pir|Satya Pīr Pūjā]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shāstrī |first=Haraprasāda |title=A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Collection under the care of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |year=1928 |volume=V: Purāna Manuscripts |pages=lxv-lxvi}}</ref>

[[R. C. Hazra]] states the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa is described in the ''Pratisarga-parvan'' of the ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa'' and the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' of the Vaṅgavāsī Press (Calcutta) edition of the ''Skanda Purāṇa''. When examining the differences between the [[Sri Venkateswar Steam Press|Veṅkateśvara Press]] (Bombay) edition and the Vaṅgavāsī Press edition, Hazra notes the entire ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' is only found in the Vaṅgavāsī edition, and that the editor of the Vaṅgavāsī Press edition stated he took the Veṅkaṭeśvara Press edition as his basis and then added various chapters and verses found in Bengal manuscripts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hazra |first=R.C. |title=Studies in the Purāṇic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs |publisher=University of Dacca |year=1940 |pages=157, 169}}</ref>

[[Pandurang Vaman Kane]] states that the ''Satya-nārāyaṇavrata'' is very popular in [[Bengal]] and [[Maharashtra]] among the lower middle class and women, and has its scriptural basis in the ''Pratisargaparvan'' of the ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa'' and Vangavāsī edition of the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' of the ''Skanda Purāṇa'' (the story is not founded in the Venkateswar Press edition of the ''Skanda Purāṇa''). Kane summarizes the rite in which the worshipper prepares an offering of plantains, ghee, milk, wheat flour, and jaggery for Satyanārāyaṇa, and listens to the stories and engages in revelry, following which all the worshipper's desires are fulfilled. Kane notes that in the stories Satyanārāyaṇa is very jealous and vindictive.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kane |first=Pandurang Vaman |title=History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) |publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |year=1958 |series=Government Oriental Series Class B, No. 6 |volume=V Pt. I (Vratas, Utsavas and Kāla etc.) |location=Poona |pages=437}}</ref>

The legend of Satyanārāyaṇa is found in the ''Pratisargaparvan'' of the ''[[Bhavishya Purana|Bhaviṣya Purāṇa]]''. According to this account, once [[Shaunaka|Śaunaka]] and other ''[[Rishi|r̥ṣī]]''s were in [[Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)]] and asked [[Sūta]] about a rite suitable for [[Kali Yuga]]. Sūta states that worship of Satyanārāyaṇa is suitable for Kaliyuga, and states that once [[Nārada]] was roaming the world and was disheartened by the suffering of mortal beings. Thus he approached [[Viṣṇu]], who told Nārada about the Satyanārāyaṇavratakathā. Once there was a beggar [[Brahmin]] named Śatānanda who lived in Kāśī. Viṣṇu, in the guise of an old Brahmin, instructed Śatānanda in the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa, and the Brahmin was able to achieve riches without begging. Once the king of Kedāramaṇipūraka, Candracūḍa, was defeated by his enemies in the Vindhyā mountains. Disheartened, he became an ascetic and travelled to Kāśī. There he saw people engaged in the worship of Nārāyaṇa, and curious, he asked Śatānanda to teach him about the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa. After gaining this knowledge, Candracūḍa returned to Kedāramaṇi and achieved victory over his enemies. Once a [[Niṣādha]] or [[Bhil|Bhilla]] wood carrier reached Kāśī where he saw the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa being performed. The wood carrier learned the manner of Satyanārāyaṇa worship from Śatānanda, and returning to his home he performed the appropriate rites and the Bhillas achieved wealth and happiness. Once in Ratnapura, a merchant named Lakṣapati was walking along the riverbank where he observed Satyanārāyaṇa being worshipped. Lakṣapati, being childless, asked the worshippers if his desires would be fulfilled, to which they agreed. Eventually Lakṣapati and his wife Līlāvatī had a daughter named Kalāvatī. Kalāvatī eventually was married to a young merchant named Śaṅkhapati who began living with his in-laws. Lakṣapati performed the Satyanārāyaṇa worship rite, but left it incomplete. This led to him and his son-in-law being framed for theft of pearls from the king and being imprisoned. Kalāvatī eventually properly performed the Satyanārāyaṇa rite, upon which Nārāyaṇa himself appeared to the king in a dream in the form of a Brahmin and ordered him to let Lakṣapati and Śaṅkhapati be free. Upon being freed, Lakṣapati still neglected to perform Satyanārāyaṇa worship, which led to his mercantile goods on ships to be sunk. Lakṣapati eventually learns that his neglect of Satyanārāyana worship was the cause for his miseries, and returns to his family. However, in her excitement to see her father, Lilāvatī rush out of the house leaving the Satyanārāyaṇa rite incomplete, leading to the ship her husband was on to sink. Disheartened, she calls on Satyanārāyaṇa who tells her she will regain her husband, and the family properly performs the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hohenberger |first=Adam |title=Das Bhaviṣyapurāṇa |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1967 |editor-last=Hoffmann |editor-first=Helmut |series=Münchener Indologische Studien |volume=5 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=2,4,102-105 |language=de}}</ref>

H. R. Divekar was unable to find the ''Satyanārāyaṇa Kathā'' in any printed edition of the ''Skanda Purāṇa''. He found that the kathā was included in Hindi translation of the ''Skanda Purāṇa'' published in ''Kalyāṇa'', the Hindi mouthpiece of the [[Gita Press]] but the author of that translation admitted that the kathā was not in the original text, but merely in Bengali books which is why it was included. Divekar believes that the pujā is of Bengali origin derived from the worship of Saccā Pīr who was worshipped by Muslims and Hindus, and who was then fashioned into Satyanārāyaṇa by some Brahmin. Divekar notes that there is no special day for which the Satyanārāyaṇa pūjā is recommended, no restriction on being conducted on the basis of caste or gender, no observation of purity or fasting rather being associated with dancing, singing, and reveling. For these features Divekar states the pūjā became popular en masse. He concludes that the word ''Skanda Purāṇa'' is actually a misreading for ''skanna purāṇa'' "lost purāṇa". Bühnemann considers that reading to be unlikely.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Diwekar |first=H.R. |title=Ḍô. Ha. Rā. Divekara Nivaḍaka-lekha-saṅgraha = Select writings of Dr. H.R. Diwekar |publisher=Kai. Ḍô. Ha. Rā. Divekara Vāṅmaya Prakāśana Samiti |year=1976 |location=Puṇe |language=hi |chapter=Satyanārāyaṇa kathā: eka śodha}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bühnemann|1988|p=201}}

Roy states that the mention of Satya-nārāyan in the Skanda Purāṇa is an interpolation written in order to dislodge the worship of Satya-pir. He states the main two stories about Satya Pir revolved around a Brahmin and a sea merchant. The first involved a Brahmin who refuses to worship God in the form of a Muslim mendicant until he reappears in the form of [[Krishna]]. In the other tale a sea-merchant and his son refuse to worship Satya Pir until the merchant's daughter's devotion to Satya Pir saves their fleet from a storm. Roy states these two tales note the beginnings of upper class Hindu acceptance of Satya Pir worship. Initially there was a strong opposition to the worship of Satya Pir by orthodox Hindu brahmins, who then sought to integrate Satya Pir worship into existing Hindu beliefs while expunging the Islamic connections. However the attempt to completely supplant Satya Pir worship with Satya-nārāyan worship was partially unsuccessful, and large masses of Bengalis continued to recognize the syncretism of the two. He quotes several Muslim writers that were compiled in the ''Bānglā Sāhityer Itihās'' that use phrases such as "Satya-pir-narayan" or "Pir-narayan" or call Satya Pir identical to the Hindu Trimurti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Asim |title=The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1983 |location=Princeton, New Jersey |pages=216–217}}</ref>

According to Bühnemann, the ''Satyanārāyaṇa-vrata-kathā'' is found in the 1912 Bengali script Vaṅgavāṣī Press reprint of the published ''Skanda Purāṇa'' edition by Gurumaṇḍal, not in the Venkateśvar Press edition of Bombay. She states the actual kathā is only narrated after the completion of the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'', thus pointing to it being a later addition. Comparing the ''kathā''s from the ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa'' and the Bengali recension of the ''Skanda Purāṇa'', she states that the vrata-kathā in the ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa'' is more sophisticated and has more complicated rules for the performance of the pūjā. The Bengali ''Skanda Purāṇa'' makes no mention of the tale of Candracūḍa and moves straight into the story of the wood-cutter, who is not stated to be a Bhilla as in the ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa''. The name of Kalāvatī's husband is omitted in the Bengali ''Skanda Purāṇa'', but the name of the king who Lakṣapati is framed from stealing from is named to be Candraketu. The Bengali ''Skanda Purāṇa'' also adds a story at the end in which a king named Vaṁśadhvaja arrogantly refuses to worship Satyanārāyaṇa and thus falls into misfortune until his repentance. The Bengali ''Skanda Purāṇa'' gives very little information about how the pūjā should actually be performed, unlike the ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa''. She also notes the term ''Satyanārāyaṇa'' as an epithet of Viṣṇu is not mentioned in older texts and the ''pūjā'' is not mentioned in the [[Shastra]]s, further evidence of its later date. Imitations of the ''Satyanārāyaṇa-vrata-kathā'' exist whose inception is also attributed to the Purāṇas, such as that of Satya-vināyaka (ascribed to the ''[[Brahmanda Purana|Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa]]''), Satya-ambā (ascribed to the ''[[Bhavishyottara Purana|Bhaviṣyottara Purāṇa]]''), and Satya-datta (composed by [[Vasudevanand Saraswati|Vasudevānand Sarasvatī]] (1854--1914 A.D.)).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bühnemann |first=Gudrun |title=Pūjā: A Study in Smārta Ritual |publisher=Motilal Banarasidass |year=1988 |editor-last=Oberhammer |editor-first=Gerhad |series=Publications of the Di Nobili Research Library |volume=XV |location=Vienna |pages=134–143}}</ref>

Sarma notes that Satyanārāyaṇa is not mentioned in the Bombay edition of the ''Skanda Purāṇa'', and that the editor of the Bengali edition clearly states that he included it because it was in some Bengali books and because the worship of Satyanārāyaṇa was popular in Bengal. Sarma regards Satyanārāyaṇa as a Sanskritization of the Islamic saint Satya Pīr who was worshipped by Muslims and Hindus with ''[[Shirini|śirṇi]]'' (also colloquially called ''śinni''), a mixture of rice, sugar, banana, milk, and flour. He notes the Bengali tales or ''vrata kathā''s which consider Satyanārāyaṇa and Satya Pīr to be identical, and states the worship of the deity originated in Bengal before spreading throughout northern India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarma |first=Hemanta Kumar |title=Socio-Religious Life of the Assamese Hindus (A Study of the Fasts and Festivals of Kamrup District) |publisher=Daya Publishing House |year=1992 |pages=72–75}}</ref>

G. V. Tagare, in the introduction to his English translation of the printed Venkateshwar Press ''Skanda Purāṇa'' as part of the Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology series, states the ''Satya-nārāyaṇa-māhātmya'' is "spurious". He states the ''Skanda Purāṇa'' is found in two forms, one that is divided into six ''Saṁhitā''s and another divided into seven ''Khaṇḍa''s. The seven ''Khaṇḍa''s are entitled: ''Māheśvara'', ''Vaiṣṇava'', ''Brāhma'', ''Kāśī'', ''Avantī'', ''Nāgara'', and ''Prabhāsa''. He notes there are four printed versions of the ''Khaṇḍa'' form of the ''Skanda Purāṇa'', that of the Venkateshwar Press, Bangavasi, [[Nawal Kishore Press|Naval Kishore Press]] of Lucknow, and the Gurumandala, with the ''Satya-nārāyaṇa-māhātmya'' being found in the ''Revā Khaṇḍa'' of the Gurumandala edition but not in the Venkateshwar Press edition.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tagare |first=G.V. |title=The Skanda-Purāṇa: Part 1 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year=2007 |location=Delhi |pages=xvii-xviii |chapter=Introduction |orig-date=1992}}</ref>

According to Stewart, Satya Nārāyaṇa is a 17th or early 18th century Sanskritization of Satya Pīr, whose tales were included in ''Skanda'' and ''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa''s. However he notes the vernacular Bengali tales have historically enjoyed greater popularity than the Puranic accounts, and form a literary compendium larger than any other medieval Bengali subject save [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]. He states the most common stories surrounding Satya Pīr are that of the Brahmin, woodcutter, and merchant and that worship to a vindictive and generous Satya Pīr through ''śirṇi'' or ''śinni'' is to be performed for material and miraculous gain. Stewart notes the decline in popularity of Satya Pīr worship among Muslims in the 19th and 20th centuries due to [[Islamic fundamentalism]], which allowed Satya Pīr to be more easily accommodated into classical Vaiṣṇava ''avatāra'' theology as an incarnation of Viṣṇu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Tony K. |title=Religions of India in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1995 |editor-last=Lopez |editor-first=Donald S. |series=Princeton Readings in Religions |pages=578–581 |chapter=Satya Pir: Muslim Holy Man and Hindu God}}</ref>

According to Stewart, the ritual instructions emerged only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the advent of the printing press in the region in an attempt to Sanskritize the tradition from the aniconic simple offering of ''śirṇi'' or ''śinni'' to a more complicated ''pūjā''. However, ritual instructions form less than 1% of the literary compendium, most of which is devoted to oral public genres of ''pālā gāna'' and ''pāñcālī'' and the now popular women's household ritual ''vrata kathā'', of which the former are far more diverse in content than the fossilized ''vrata kathā''. Stewart states Satya Pīr literature shares the same themes: "worship Satya Pīr to get rich or be rescued from trouble", but are approached through different narrative codes in which different groups of people oriented Satya Pir to competing structures of authority. Stewart lists three main narrative codes of Satya Pīr: as a Hindu Vaiṣṇava god, as a Muslim moral exemplar, and as a personal spiritual guide. In the Vaiṣṇava narrative, the land is overrun by [[Yavanas]] and thus Nārāyaṇa incarnates in the form of a [[Sannyasa|saṁyāsī]] (the functional equivalent of a fakīr/pīr). The Vaiṣṇava stories follow the general pattern of the story of the brāhmaṇa, the woodcutters, the merchant and his family, and sometimes the king. According to Stewart the most popular versions of these narratives are by the Bengali poets Śaṅkarācārya and Rāmeśvara and were inserted into the [[Skanda Purana|''Skanda Purāṇa'']] and [[Bhavishya Purana|''Bhaviṣya Purāṇa'']]. These tales form the basis of the ''vrata'', and at the turn of the 20th century, there was a conscious effort to Sanskritize the worship by editing the Sanskrit text, eliminating the use of the popular ''pāñcālī'' texts, and "correcting" the theology. In the brāhmaṇa's tale, an poor brāhmaṇa from [[Varanasi]] is forced to move to the [[Ganges Delta|Bengal delta]] (a region far from the [[Historical Vedic religion|Brahmanical]] [[Madhyadesha|Madhyadeśa]] lacking many brāhmaṇas) to earn money. He encounters a yavana named Satya Pīr who orders the brāhmaṇa to worship him with śirṇi. The brāhmaṇa initially refuses, but acquiesces when Satya Pīr reveals his true form as Viṣṇu-Satyanārāyaṇa, and the brāhmaṇa instantly becomes rich. In the woodcutter's tale, the local woodcutters observe the miraculous change in fortune of the brāhmāṇa, and so receive instructions in Satya Pīr worship from him. There are some variations in the merchants tale, but the theme remains constant: the merchant must follow up on his promise to worship Satya Pīr in exchange for his protection otherwise disaster ensues. Stewart states the Vaiṣṇava version of the tales seeks to appropriate and domesticate the legendary Satya Pīr to a lower stratum of divinity dominated by women's ''vrata''s as someone who can make land habitable and bestow prosperity.<ref name=":2" />

The puja narrates the Satyanarayana [[Katha (storytelling format)|Katha]] (story), which dictates the various worldly and spiritual benefits the puja brings to performers. The Katha states how the deity [[Narayana]] vows to aid his devotees during [[Kali Yuga]], the last of the four ages in Hindu cosmology, in particular the performers and attendees of the Satyanarayana Puja. The Katha narrates that the performance of the puja is in itself a promise to [[God in Hinduism|God]], and recounts the plights of characters who either fail to complete the puja or forget their promises.A ccording to Madhuri Yadlapati, the Satyanarayana Puja is an archetypal example of how "the Hindu puja facilitates the intimacy of devotional worship while enabling a humble sense of participating gratefully in a larger sacred world".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Yadlapati |first=Madhuri M. |title=Against Dogmatism: Dwelling in Faith and Doubt |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2013 |pages=30–34}}</ref> According to [[Vasudha Narayanan]], the Satyanarayana vratakathā was likely the most popular vrata among Hindus during the second half of the 20th century. The Vratakathā is recited in Sanskrit or more popularly in vernacular languages and sometimes in [[English language|English]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Narayanan|first=Vasudha|title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |publisher=Brill |year=2018 |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Ritual Food |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Helene |editor-last3=Malinar |editor-first3=Angelika |editor-last4=Narayanan |editor-first4=Vasudha}}</ref>

Folk researcher Gopendrakrishna Basu records that while in upper caste Hindu households of Bengal, Satyanarayana is worshipped by brāhmaṇas in [[shaligram]]as, while certain lower caste communities developed their own non-anthropomorphic representations of the deity. He observed how low-caste [[Doma (caste)|Doma]] priests of Satyanarayana would roam around in villages carrying a pot anointed with sindur placed on a tray, claiming it to be an icon of the god and asking for money in exchange for blessing the household.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Gopendrakrishna |title=বাংলার লৌকিক দেবতা |publisher=Dey's Publishing |year=1974 |isbn=9788129525826 |edition=Revised |location=Kolkata |language=Bengali}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
Image:SNpoojaprep.jpg|alt=Decorative pitcher and food|A [[kalasha]] and other ''puja'' items
File:Satyanarayan Pooja.jpg|alt=Plants, a pitcher and food items|Satyanarayana ''puja''
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Annavaram Satyanarayana Temple]], temple dedicated to Satyanarayana in Andhra Pradesh, India
*[[Satya Pir]], syncretic form of Satyanarayana in Bengal

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*'' Thousand Names of Vishnu and Satyanarayan Vrat'' ({{ISBN|1-877795-51-8}}) by Swami Satyananda Saraswati, Devi Mandir.

{{Worship in Hinduism}}
{{HinduMythology}}
[[Category:Puja types in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Hindu mantras]]
[[Category: Forms of Vishnu]]

Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-30T11:39:46Z

BrianSop: creating a post added tags

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Jajpur (SC) {{Small|OD-8}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Jajpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = SC
| electors = 1,54,8594{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Rabindra Narayan Behera MP 2024.jpg
| mp = [[Rabindra Narayan Behera]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur]] [[Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency|Bari]] [[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barachana]] [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]] [[Jajpur Assembly constituency|Jajpur]] [[Korei Assembly constituency|Korei]] [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]
}}

'''Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 21 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Odisha]] state in eastern [[India]].

== Assembly Segments ==
Following delimitation, this constituency presently comprises the following legislative assembly segments:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|48
|[[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur]] (SC)
| rowspan="7" |[[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
|[[Pramila Mallik]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|49
|[[Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency|Bari]]
|[[Biswa Ranjan Mallick]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|50
|[[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barachana]]
|[[Amar Kumar Nayak]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|51
|[[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]
|[[Himanshu Sekhar Sahoo]]
|{{party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|52
|[[Jajpur Assembly constituency|Jajpur]]
|[[Sujata Sahu (politician)|Sujata Sahu]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|53
|[[Korei Assembly constituency|Korei]]
|[[Akash Dasnayak]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|54
|[[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]
|[[Pradeep Bal Samanta]]
|}

Before [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] in 2008, legislative assembly segments which constituted this parliamentary constituency were: [[Sukinda]], [[Korei Assembly constituency|Korei]], [[Jajapur|Jajpur]], [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]], [[Barchana]], [[Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency|Bari-Derabisi]] and [[Binjharpur]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|accessdate=2008-09-20
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051108040424/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archivedate=2005-11-08}}</ref>

== Elected members ==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|46.01}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|49.77}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|41.52}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|35.32}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|51.61}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|59.19}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.72}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|46.34}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|46.1}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|52.74}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.1}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|54.5}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}|55.56}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.53}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 17 elections have been held till date.

List of members elected from Jajpur constituency are
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|Bhubananda Das
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|Lakshmi Dhar Jena
|{{Full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''1956-1961 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Rama Chandra Mallick
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|Baidhar Behara
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Anadi Charan Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|Rama Chandra Mallick
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Anadi Charan Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Anchal Das]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|Rama Chandra Mallick
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Jagannath Mallick]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mohan Jena]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Jajpur 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=15&pcname=Jajpur&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Jajpur 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=16&pcname=Jajpur&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Rita Tarai]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Jajpur 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=17&pcname=Jajpur&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Sarmistha Sethi]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jajpur lok sabha election results 2024: Jajpur Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/jajpur-constituency-result-18508 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rabindra Narayan Behera]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election result==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 1st June 2024 in 7th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rabindra Narayan Behera]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Sarmistha Sethi]] by a margin of 1,587 votes.<ref name=":0" />
{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Jajpur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rabindra Narayan Behera]]
|votes = 5,34,239
|percentage = 46.01
|change = {{increase}}5.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Sarmistha Sethi]]
|votes = 5,32,652
|percentage = 45.87
|change = {{decrease}}3.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Anchal Das]]
|votes = 53,145
|percentage = 4.58
|change = {{decrease}}3.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 6,788
|percentage = 0.58
|change = {{decrease}}0.08
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,587
|percentage = 0.14
|change = {{decrease}}9.17
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,61,596
|percentage = 75.01
|change = {{increase}}0.91
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Sarmistha Sethi]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Amiya Kanta Mallick by a margin of 1,01,693 votes.<ref name=":3" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Jajpur]]<ref name="FP Par Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates (Phase-IV) (PC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase4/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%284th%20Phase-PC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019 candidate list for Odisha |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-candidate-list-for-odisha/articleshow/68686594.cms |accessdate=18 April 2019 |work=Business Insider India |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410080632/https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-candidate-list-for-odisha/articleshow/68686594.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Sarmistha Sethi]]
|votes = 5,44,020
|percentage = 49.81
|change = {{decrease}}5.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Amiya Kanta Mallick
|votes = 4,42,327
|percentage = 40.5
|change = {{increase}}25.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manas Jena
|votes = 83,321
|percentage = 7.63
|change = {{decrease}}14.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 7,161
|percentage = 0.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Subasa Chandra Malik
|votes = 4,950
|percentage = 0.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = PBI
|candidate = Tilottama Sethy
|votes = 4,470
|percentage = 0.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = BMP
|candidate = Ranjit Malik
|votes = 2,049
|percentage = 0.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = JPJD
|candidate = Sunakar Behera
|votes = 1,985
|percentage = 0.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = FPI
|candidate = Bhimasen Behera
|votes = 1,801
|percentage = 0.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,01,693
|percentage = 9.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,92,965
|percentage = 74.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rita Tarai]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Ashok Das by a margin of 3,20,271 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Jajpur]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS188.htm?ac=8 |title= Odisha - Jajpur |work= Election Commission of India |accessdate= 26 May 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rita Tarai]]
|votes = 5,41,349
|percentage = 55.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ashok Das
|votes = 2,21,078
|percentage = 22.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Amiya Kanta Mallick
|votes = 1,50,789
|percentage = 15.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nabin Kumar Dalai
|votes = 29,142
|percentage = 2.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 8,655
|percentage = 0.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Kalandi Mallik
|votes = 8,269
|percentage = 0.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Subash Chandra Mallik
|votes = 8,065
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Debendra Mallik
|votes = 6,926
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = BMP
|candidate = Ranjit Mallik
|votes = 3,409
|percentage = 0.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samata Kranti Dal
|candidate = Gayadhar Mallik
|votes = 2,753
|percentage = 0.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,20,271
|percentage = 32.67
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,81,780
|percentage = 75.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mohan Jena]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Amiya Kanta Mallik by a margin of 1,27,747 votes.<ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Jajpur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Mohan Jena]]
|votes = 433,350
|percentage = 35.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Amiya Kanta Mallik
|votes = 305,603
|percentage = 24.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Parameswar Sethi
|votes = 48,890
|percentage = 3.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,27,747
|percentage = 15.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,17,108
|percentage = 66.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Odisha}}

{{Odisha elections}}
{{coord|20.831457|86.328803|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Jajpur district]]

2nd Portuguese India Armada (Cabral, 1500)

2026-03-29T17:15:10Z

BrianSop: stub!

{{Short description|Fleet of ships under Portuguese control, intended to open trade relations with India}}
{{use mdy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=May 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2010}}
[[File:Cabral voyage 1500.svg|thumb|Route taken by Pedro Álvares Cabral: Red - from Portugal to India in 1500; Dark blue - return route.]]
The '''Second [[Portuguese India Armadas|Portuguese India Armada]]''' was assembled in 1500 on the order of King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] and placed under the command of [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]]. Cabral's armada famously [[Discovery of Brazil|discovered Brazil]] for the Portuguese crown along the way. By and large, the Second Armada's diplomatic mission to [[India]] failed, and provoked the opening of hostilities between the [[Kingdom of Portugal]] and the feudal city-state of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]]. Nonetheless, it managed to establish a factory in the nearby [[Kingdom of Cochin]], the first Portuguese [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] in Asia.

== Fleet ==

The [[1st Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1497)|first India Armada]], commanded by [[Vasco da Gama]], arrived in Portugal in the summer of 1499, in rather sorry shape. Half of his ships and men had been lost thanks to battles, disease, and storms. Although Gama came back with a hefty cargo of spices that would be sold at enormous profit, he had failed in the principal objective of his mission: to negotiate a treaty with [[Kozhikode|Calicut]], the spice entrepôt on the [[Malabar Coast]] of India. Gama managed, however, to open the sea route to India via the [[Cape of Good Hope]] and secured good relations with the African city-state of [[Malindi]], a critical staging post along the way.

On King Manuel I's orders, arrangements were immediately made to begin the assembly of a second armada in [[Cascais]]. Determined not to repeat Gama's mistakes, this one was to be a large and well-armed fleet of 13 ships and 1500 men, laden with valuable gifts and diplomatic letters to win over the potentates of the east.

Many details of the composition of the fleet are missing. Only three ship names are known, and there is some conflict among the sources on the captains. The following list of ships should not be regarded as authoritative, but as a tentative list compiled from various conflicting accounts.

{| class="wikitable sortable toccolours" style="border-collapse:collapse" cellpadding="5"
! style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;" |'''Ship Name''' !! style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;" |'''Captain'''!! style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;" |'''Notes'''
!'''Image'''
|- valign="top"
| 1. uncertain || D. Pedro Álvares Cabral || admiral flagship probably a large 200+ ton [[carrack]]
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Pedro Álvares Cabral).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 2. ''El Rei'' || [[Sancho de Tovar]] || vice-admiral large 200+ ton carrack. ran aground near Malindi on return
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Sancho de Tovar).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 3. uncertain || [[Nicolau Coelho]] || veteran of Gama's 1st (1497) Armada
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Nicolau Coelho, Nuno Leitão da Cunha).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 4. uncertain || Simão de Miranda de Azevedo ||
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Simão de Miranda de Azevedo).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 5. ''São Pedro'' || [[Pero de Ataíde]] || 70 ton carrack or [[square-rigged caravel]] captain sometimes nicknamed ''Inferno'' (Hell)
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Pero de Ataíde).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 6. uncertain || Aires Gomes da Silva || lost at Cape of Good Hope
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Aires Gomes da Silva).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 7. uncertain || Simão de Pina || lost at Cape of Good Hope
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Simão de Pina).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 8. uncertain || [[Vasco de Ataíde]] || lost at either Cape Verde or Cape of Good Hope often confused with Luís Pires in the chronicles
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Vasco de Ataíde).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 9. uncertain || Luís Pires || privately owned by the Count of Portalegre damaged at Cape Verde, returned to Lisbon
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Luís Pires).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 10. ''Nossa Senhora da Anunciação'' or ''Anunciada'' || Nuno Leitão da Cunha || 100 ton carrack or large caravel, fastest in the fleet privately owned by D. [[Álvaro of Braganza]] financed by [[Bartolomeo Marchionni|Marchionni]] consortium
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Nicolau Coelho, Nuno Leitão da Cunha).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 11. unknown || [[Bartolomeu Dias]] || famous navigator, rounder of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 destined for Sofala but was lost at Cape
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Bartolomeu Dias).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 12. unknown || [[Diogo Dias]] || brother of Bartolomeu destined for Sofala but was separated at Cape and did not cross to India ended up roaming African coast, from Madagascar to the Red Sea.
|[[File:Detail of Diogo Dias's ship (Cabral Armada).jpg|frameless]]
|- valign="top"
| 13. supply ship || [[Gaspar de Lemos]] or [[André Gonçalves (explorer)|André Gonçalves]] || exact captain of this ship contested in sources destined to be scuttled and burnt along the way returned to Lisbon to announce discovery of Brazil
|[[File:Pedro Alvares Cabral fleet (Gaspar de Lemos).jpg|frameless]]
|}

This list is principally in concordance with [[Fernão Lopes de Castanheda]]'s ''Historia'',{{sfnp|Castanheda|1551|pp=96–97|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OzQbAAAAYAAJ&q=inauthor%3A%22Fern%20o%20Lopes%20de%20Castanheda%22&pg=PA95 "Capitolo XXX: De como Pedraluarez cabral foy por capitão mór de húa armada a Calicut"]}} [[João de Barros]]'s ''Décadas'',{{sfnp|João de Barros|1552|loc="Capitulo I" |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA384 384]}} [[Damião de Góis]]'s ''Chronica'',{{sfnp|Damião de Góis|1566–1567|loc="Capitulo LIIII"}} the marginal gloss of the ''Relaçao das Naos'', [[Diogo do Couto]]'s list,{{sfnp|Diogo do Couto|c. 1600|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=yqM2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA116 117]}} and [[Manuel de Faria e Sousa]]'s ''Asia Portugueza''.{{sfnp|Manuel de Faria e Sousa|1666|p=44}}{{refn|group=note|Both Barros and Gois mistakenly list Diogo Dias, Bartolomeu's brother, as "Pêro Dias", an error also found in the marginal gloss of the ''Relaçao das Naos''{{sfnp|Maldonado|1985|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7pTrH3zmhj8C&pg=PA10 10]}} and subsequently repeated in Couto and Faria e Sousa. Oddly, Couto inserts [[Duarte Pacheco Pereira]] in place of Simão de Pina, but subsequently corrects himself. All the chroniclers—Castanheda, Barros, etc.—name Gaspar de Lemos instead of André Gonçalves. Chronicler [[Jerónimo Osório]] does not list captain names.{{sfnp|Jerónimo Osório|1571}}}} The main conflict is with [[Gaspar Correia]]'s ''Lendas da Índia'', who omits Pêro de Ataíde and Aires Gomes da Silva, listing instead Braz Matoso and Pedro de Figueiró, and introduces André Gonçalves in addition to Lemos. Correia also identifies Simão de Miranda as vice-admiral and captain of Cabral's own flagship.{{sfnp|Gaspar Correia|c. 1550|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YmVKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA148 148]}}{{refn|group=note|This list conforms very closely with the original ''Relaçao das Naos'', but not with its corrected marginal gloss.{{sfnp|Maldonado|1985|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7pTrH3zmhj8C&pg=PA10 10]}} The other great deviant is the ''Livro de Lisuarte d'Abreu'' (1563), which introduces four new names: Diogo de Figueiró, João Fernandes, Ruy de Miranda, and André Gonçalves, who replace P. d'Ataide, A. Gomes da Silva, S. da Pina, and G. de Lemos.}} Neither of the two eyewitnesses—an anonymous Portuguese pilot and [[Pero Vaz de Caminha]]—give a list of captains in their sources.

[[File:Pedro Álvares Cabral - steel engraving by American Bank Note Company.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|right|Pedro Álvares Cabral]]

The Second Armada was to be headed by the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral, a master of the [[Order of Christ (Portugal)|Order of Christ]]. Cabral had no notable naval or military experience; his appointment as ''capitão-mor'' (captain-major) was largely politically motivated. The exiled [[Crown of Castile|Castillian]] nobleman [[Sancho de Tovar]] was designated vice-admiral (''soto-capitão'') and Cabral's successor should anything happen to him.{{refn|group=note|This is according to Castanheda and Damião de Góis. Gaspar Correia identifies Simão de Miranda as the predesignated successor instead.}}

Veteran pilot [[Pedro Escobar]] was given the overall technical command of the expedition. Other veterans of the first armada included captain Nicolau Coelho, pilot [[Pero de Alenquer]], and clerks Afonso Lopes and [[João de Sá]]. The famed navigator Bartolomeu Dias, who was the first to double the Cape of Good Hope, and his brother Diogo Dias, who had served as clerk on Gama's ship, also served as captains.

[[File:Cabral armada of 1500 (Livro das Armadas).jpg|thumb|Fleet of the 2nd India Armada (Cabral, 1500), from the ''Memória das Armadas'']]

Most of the ships were either [[carracks]] (''naus'') or [[caravels]], and at least one was a small supply ship, although details on names and tonnage are missing.{{refn|group=note|Castanheda claims there were ten carracks and three caravels.{{sfnp|Castanheda|1551|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}}}} The Anonymous Pilot refers to only twelve ships, plus a supply ship.{{sfnp|[Anonymous Pilot]|1507|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}} At least two ships, Cabral's flagship and Tovar's ''El Rei'', were said to be around 240 tons, that is, about twice the size of the largest ship in the first armada three years prior.

Ten ships were destined for [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (Malabar, India), while the two ships headed by the Dias brothers were destined for [[Sofala]] in East Africa and the supply ship was destined to be scuttled and burnt along the way.{{refn|group=note|The Sofala destination of the Dias brothers is found in Castanheda.{{sfnp|Castanheda|1551|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}} It is confirmed in the Anonymous Pilot.{{sfnp|[Anonymous Pilot]|1507|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}}}}

[[File:Cabral armada of 1500 (Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Fleet of the 2nd India Armada (Cabral, 1500), from the ''Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu'']]At least two ships were privately owned and outfitted: Luís Pires's ship was owned by Diogo da Silva e Meneses, [[Count of Portalegre]], while Nuno Leitão da Cunha's ''Anunciada'' was owned by the king's cousin D. [[Álvaro of Braganza]], and financed by an Italian consortium composed of the Florentine bankers [[Bartolomeo Marchionni]] and [[Girolamo Sernigi]] and the Genoese Antonio Salvago. The remainder belonged to the Portuguese crown.

Accompanying the expedition as translator was [[Gaspar da Gama]], who was a Jew captured in [[Anjediva Island|Angediva]] by Vasco Gama, as well as four Hindu hostages from Calicut taken by Gama in 1498 during negotiations. Also aboard was the ambassador of the Sultan of Malindi, who had arrived at Portugal with Gama, and was set to return to Malindi with Cabral's expedition.

Other passengers on the expedition included Aires Correia, the designated [[Factor (agent)|factor]] for Calicut, his secretary Pêro Vaz de Caminha, Afonso Furtado, the designated factor for Sofala, and clerk Martinho Neto. Accompanying them on the trip was the royal physician and amateur astronomer, Master [[João Faras]], who brought along the latest astrolabe and new Arabic astronomical staves for navigational experiments. One chronicler suggests that the knight [[Duarte Pacheco Pereira]] was also aboard.{{refn|group=note|[[Damião de Góis]] is the chronicler responsible for this claim. This is not substantiated elsewhere.{{sfnp|Greenlee|1938|p=li}} Diffie and Winius dismiss the possibility.{{sfnp|Diffie|Winius|1977|p=188fn}}}}

The fleet carried some twenty Portuguese ''[[degredado]]s'', who were criminal convicts who could fulfill their sentences by being abandoned along the shores of various places and exploring inland on the crown's behalf. Four of the degredados are known: Afonso Ribeiro, João Machado, Luiz de Moura, and Antonio Fernandes, who was also a ship carpenter.

Finally, the fleet carried eight [[Franciscan]] friars and eight chaplains, under the supervision of the head chaplain, Fr. Henrique Soares of Coimbra. They were the first Portuguese Christian missionaries to India.

There are three surviving eyewitness accounts of this expedition: (1) an extended letter written by Pêro Vaz de Caminha (possibly dictated by Aires Correia), written from Brazil on May 1, 1500, to King Manuel I; (2) the brief letter by Mestre [[João Faras]] to the king, also from Brazil; and (3) the account of an anonymous Portuguese pilot, first published in Italian in 1507 (commonly referred to as the ''Relação do Piloto Anônimo'', sometimes believed to be the clerk [[João de Sá]]).

== Mission ==

The priority of the mission was to secure a treaty with [[Zamorin]]'s [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (''Calecute'', Kozhikode), the principal commercial entrepôt of the [[Kerala]] [[spice trade]] and dominant feudal city-state on the [[Malabar coast]] of [[India]]. [[Vasco da Gama]]'s first armada had visited Calicut in 1498, but had failed to impress the elderly ruling Manivikraman Raja ('Samoothiri Raja'), the [[Zamorin of Calicut]]. As such, no agreements had been signed. Cabral's instructions were to succeed where da Gama had not, and to this end was entrusted with magnificent gifts to present to the Zamorin. Cabral was under orders to establish a ''feitoria'' ([[Factory (trading post)|factory]]) in Calicut, which would be placed under Aires Correia.

The second priority, assigned to Bartolomeu and Diogo Dias, was to search out the East African port of [[Sofala]], near the mouth of the [[Zambezi]] river.{{sfnp|[Anonymous Pilot]|1507|p=107}} Sofala had been secretly visited and described by the explorer [[Pero da Covilhã]] during his overland expedition a decade earlier ({{Circa|1487}}), and he identified it as the endpoint of the [[Monomatapa]] gold trade. The Portuguese crown was eager to tap into that gold source, but da Gama's armada had failed to find it. The Dias brothers were instructed to find and establish a factory at Sofala under designated factor Afonso Furtado. To this end, the brothers were likely also instructed to secure the consent of [[Kilwa Sultanate|Kilwa]] (''Quíloa''), the dominant city-state of the East African coast and putative overlord of Sofala.

A minor objective included the delivery of a group of [[Franciscan]] missionaries to India. It is said that Vasco da Gama had misinterpreted the [[Hinduism]] he saw practiced in India as a form of "primitive" Christianity. He believed its peculiar characteristics were a result of centuries of separation from the mainstream church in Europe. As such, Gama recommended that missionaries be sent to India to help bring the practices of the "Hindu church" up to date with Roman Catholic orthodoxy. To this end, a group of Franciscan friars, led by Fr. Henrique Soares of Coimbra, joined the expedition.

As a final objective, the Second Armada was also a commercial spice run. The crown and private merchants who had outfitted the ships expected full cargoes of spices to return to Lisbon.

=== Suspected Brazilian mission ===

There has been some debate over whether Cabral also had secret instructions from the king to lay claim to the landmass of Brazil—or, more precisely, to swing as far west as possible to the [[Treaty of Tordesillas|Tordesillas line]] and claim whatever lands or islands might be discovered there for the Portuguese crown, before the Spanish did.<ref>{{cite book|last=Peres |first=Damião |date=1949 |title=O descobrimento do Brasil por Pedro Álvares Cabral: antecedentes e intencionalidade |language=pt}}</ref> Among the pieces of evidence is an indication of an island in the area in a 1448 map of [[Andrea Bianco]], apparently alluded to in the letter of Master João Faras; there is also the suggestion by [[Duarte Pacheco Pereira]] in his ''Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis'' that he had been sent on an expedition to a western landmass in 1498.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pacheco Pereira |first=Duarte |date=c. 1505 |title=Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/esmeraldodesitu00peregoog/page/n62/mode/2up |chapter=Cap 2: Da cantidade & grandeza da terra, & daugua qual destas he a mayor parte. |language=pt}}</ref> That is about the full extent of the evidence of intentionality and this claim is largely speculative.{{sfnp|Greenlee|1938|pp=l–lv}} There are various reasons to presume the existence of such instructions unlikely.

Spanish explorers had been tending south at that time. [[Christopher Columbus]] had touched the coast of the South American mainland around [[Guyana]] in 1498 on his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus#Third voyage|third trip]]. In late 1499, [[Alonso de Ojeda]] had discovered much of the [[Venezuela]]n coast{{refn |group=note |[[Amerigo Vespucci]] was a participant in this voyage and supposedly (according to his own words) independently explored part of the northern coast of Brazil, believing that he was sailing along the eastern edge of Asia.{{sfn|Vigneras|1976|page=49}}}} and in early 1500, [[Vicente Yáñez Pinzón]] and [[Diego de Lepe]], via generous southerly swings from the [[Canary Islands]], had reached at least what is now [[Ceará]], and perhaps went as far east as [[Cabo de Santo Agostinho|Cape of Santo Agostinho]] in [[Pernambuco]]. They had explored much of the northern Brazilian coast west of it. It is possible that the southerly Spanish tendencies were deliberate, aimed at securing more land for the Spanish crown.{{refn|group=note|Although the person from whom the Spanish crown was trying to claim land was not the king of Portugal, as that was already mediated by Tordesillas, but Christopher Columbus, their own vice-roy of the Indies. Ojeda, Pinzón, and Lepe were all dispatched on separate royal capitulations by [[Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca|Bishop Fonseca]], an enemy of Columbus, with the deliberate intent of finding and claiming lands ''outside'' (i.e., to the south) of the Columbus-owned West Indian islands, thereby circumscribing Columbus's viceroyalty and limiting him to the islands he already had. This would figure in later lawsuits by the Columbus family.}}

These expeditions (except for the Columbus' voyage in 1498), however, were too recent for their results to have been known in Lisbon before Cabral's departure in March 1500; indeed, they were unknown in Spain itself. It is very doubtful that the Portuguese were aware of them. Even if they were, it would not seem sensible for Cabral's Second Armada to be instructed to deviate from its original mission in India to pursue exploratory work which would be far more efficiently accomplished by smaller caravels.

== Outward journey ==
On March 9, Cabral's expedition set out from the [[Tagus]]. Thirteen days later, on March 22, Cabral's armada reached the island of [[São Nicolau, Cape Verde|São Nicolau]] in the middle of a storm. The privately outfitted ship of Luís Pires was too damaged by the tempest to continue, and returned to Lisbon.{{sfnp|Damião de Góis|1566–1567|loc="Capitulo LIIII"}}{{sfnp|João de Barros|1552|loc="Capitulo II"|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&pg=PA386 386]}}{{sfnp|Castanheda|1551|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}}{{refn|group=note|Caminha's eyewitness account made no mention of Pires and instead reported that it was the Vasco de Ataide's crown ship that was lost around Cape Verde.}}

From [[Cape Verde]], Cabral went southwest. It is unknown why he chose such an unusual direction, but the most probable hypothesis is that he was simply following the wide arc in the South Atlantic to catch a favorable wind to carry them to the Cape of Good Hope. Navigationally, the arc is sensible. From Cape Verde, the ship would cut across the [[doldrums]] below the equator, catch the southwest-bound [[South Equatorial Current|equatorial drift]], and turn into the southbound [[Brazil Current]] that will carry them down to the [[horse latitudes]] (30°S), where the prevailing [[westerlies]] begin. The westerlies would easily carry the ships across the South Atlantic around the Cape of Good Hope. If instead of this arc, Cabral attempted to strike southeast from Cape Verde, it would go into the [[Gulf of Guinea]]. To reach the Cape from there would be a struggle, as Cabral would have had to sail against the southeasterly [[trade wind]]s, as well as the [[Benguela Current]].

How Cabral knew of this arc is unknown. Most likely, this was precisely the route followed by Gama on his first trip in 1497. The veterans of the first fleet—notably the pilots Alenquer and Escobar—would very likely have charted the same route for Cabral again.{{refn|group=note|That this arc was sailed by Gama in 1497 is uncertain, but most modern historians have come to accept that he did. How did Gama know about the arc when no one had yet sailed it before? Some have speculated that the Portuguese crown might have dispatched secret exploratory expeditions to those waters in advance. The more widely accepted hypothesis, first forwarded by admiral [[Gago Coutinho]], is more straightforward: Since Bartolomeu Dias's 1488 expedition discovered the westerlies, the South Atlantic arc became "navigationally obvious" to any sensible pilot, especially pilots as experienced as Alenquer and Escobar.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gago Coutinho |date=1951–1952 |title=A Nautica dos Descobrimentos: os descobrimentos maritimos visitos por um navegador |series=2 vols. |place=Lisbon |publisher=Agencia Geral do Ultramar}}</ref>}} Indeed, in the Lisbon archives, there is a draft of a document intended for Cabral that instructs him to strike in a southwesterly direction when he reaches the doldrums.{{refn|group=note|1=After Cape Verde, where the wind is weak ('vento escasso') the ships should strike in the open ocean arc ('ir na volta do mar'), until the Cape of Good Hope, as this is the shorter route ('a navegação será mais breve').{{sfnp|Fonseca|1908|pp=211, 224}}{{sfnp|Greenlee|1938|p=167}}}}

Alternative hypotheses forwarded for Cabral striking southwest are that he was trying to reach the [[Azores]] to repair his storm-battered fleet, that he was searching for and rounding up missing tempest-tossed ships, or that it was an intentional attempt to discover if there was any land by the Tordesillas line.

=== Discovery of Brazil ===
{{Main|Discovery of Brazil}}
[[File:Desembarque de Pedro Álvares Cabral em Porto Seguro em 1500 by Oscar Pereira da Silva (1865–1939).jpg|thumb|The 2nd Portuguese India Armada's landing in Brazil, painted by [[Oscar Pereira da Silva]] ]][[File:Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg|thumb|right|''The First Mass in Brazil'' by [[Victor Meirelles]] (1861)]]

[[File:Carta-caminha-folio01r.png|thumb|upright|Facsimile of Pêro Vaz de Caminha's letter to the king, reporting the discovery of the "Island of the True Cross" (Brazil)]]

Cabral took the same path as Gama had, but made a slightly wider arc and went further west than Gama had. As a result, he hit upon the hitherto unknown landmass of Brazil. After nearly 30 days of sailing (44 since departure), on April 21, Cabral's fleet found the first indications of nearby land.{{sfnp|Fonseca|1908|p=225}} The next day, the armada caught sight of the Brazilian coast, seeing the outlines of a hill they named [[Monte Pascoal]].

The armada anchored at the mouth of the [[Do Frade River|Frade river]] the next day, and a group of local [[Tupiniquim]] Indians assembled on the beach. Cabral dispatched a small party, headed by Nicolau Coelho, in a longboat ashore to make first contact. Coelho tossed his hat in exchange for a feathered headdress, but the surf was too strong for a proper landing and opening of communication, so they returned to the ships.{{sfnp|Fonseca|1908|pp=241–242}}

Strong overnight winds prompted the armada to lift anchor and sail some 10 leagues (45 km) north, finding harbor behind the reef at Cabrália Bay, just north of [[Porto Seguro]]. The pilot Afonso Lopes, while [[Sounding line|sounding]] in a rowboat, spotted a native canoe, captured the two Indians on board, and brought them back to ship. The language barrier prevented questioning, but they were fed and given cloth and beads. The cultural difference was apparent: the natives spat out their honey and cake and were deeply surprised upon seeing a chicken.<ref>{{cite book |title=Guia politicamente incorreto da História do Brasil |first=Leandro |last=Narloch |edition=2nd |date=2011 |place=São Paulo, Brasil |publisher=LeYa |oclc=732793349}}</ref>

The next day, on April 25, a party led by Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias went ashore, accompanied by the two natives. Armed Tupiniquim warily approached the beach, but upon a signal from the two natives, set down their bows, and allowed the Portuguese to land and collect water.

On April 26, the Octave of Easter Sunday, the Franciscan friar Henrique Soares of Coimbra went ashore to celebrate mass in front of 200 Tupiniquim Indians. This is the first known Christian mass on the American mainland.

Interaction between the Portuguese and the Tupiniquim gradually increased throughout the week. European iron nails, cloth, beads, and crucifixes were traded for American amulets, spears, parrots, and monkeys. There was only the slightest hint that precious metals might be found in the hinterlands. Portuguese ''degredados'' were assigned to spend the night in Tupiniquim villages, while the rest of the crew slept aboard ships.

On May 1, Cabral made preparations to resume the journey to India. The Portuguese pilots, assisted by the physician-astronomer Master João Faras, determined that Brazil lay east of the Tordesillas line, prompting Cabral to formally claim it for the Portuguese crown, bestowing upon it the name of ''Ilha de Vera Cruz'' ("Island of the [[True Cross]]"). It was later renamed ''Terra de Santa Cruz''—"Land of the Holy Cross"—upon the realization that it was not an island.{{refn|group=note|Gaspar Correia and João de Barros say it was named "Santa Cruz" from the start,{{sfnp|Gaspar Correia|c. 1550|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YmVKAAAAYAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCN05022145&pg=PA152 152]}}{{sfnp|João de Barros|1552|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3AUOM39015057112644&pg=PA391 391]|loc="Capitulo II"}} with Correia saying it was named so because the departure date was the [[Feast of the Cross]] on the liturgical calendar. However, both Caminha's and Mestre João's letters are signed as written from "Vera Cruz" on May 1.}}

On May 2, Cabral dispatched the supply ship back to [[Lisbon]], with the Brazilian items and a letter to King Manuel I composed by the secretary Pêro Vaz de Caminha to announce the discovery.{{sfnp|[Anonymous Pilot]|1507|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eCsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA110 110]}} It also carried a separate private letter to the king from Master [[João Faras]], in which he identified the main guiding constellation in the southern hemisphere, the [[Southern Cross]] (''Cruzeiro'').{{refn|group=note|Some sources claim that the ''Cruzeiro'' constellation had already been identified by [[Alvise Cadamosto]] in the 1450s.{{cn|date=May 2024}}}} The supply ship arrived in Lisbon in June.

After that, with a couple of Portuguese ''degredados'' left behind with the Tupiniquim of Porto Seguro,{{sfnp|[Anonymous Pilot]|1507|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eCsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA110 110]}} Cabral ordered the eleven remaining ships to set sail and continue on their route to India.

=== Crossing to India ===

[[File:Map of Cabral route, 1500.gif|thumb|upright=1.5 |Approximate route of outward journey of Cabral's 2nd Armada (also route of stray ship of Diogo Dias)]]

After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral's armada reached the Cape of Good Hope in late May. The fleet faced headlong winds for six straight days and four ships—Bartolomeu Dias's, Aires Gomes da Silva's, Simão de Pina's, and Vasco de Ataíde's—were lost at sea in the process.{{sfnp|Damião de Góis|1566–1567|loc="Capitulo LIIII"}}{{sfnp|Castanheda|1551|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}}{{sfnp|João de Barros|1552|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}}{{refn|group=note|The ''Relaçao das Naos'' mistakenly substitutes Simão de Miranda for Simão da Pina in the losses, although this is corrected in the marginal gloss. Gaspar Correia almost concurs—but as he does not have Aires Gomes da Silva on his original captain list, he identifies the fourth ship lost as Gaspar de Lemos.{{sfnp|Gaspar Correia|c. 1550|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}} Similarly, the ''Livro de Lisuarte d'Abreu'' (1563), which has neither Pina nor Gomes da Silva on its list, say it was Diogo de Figueiró and Luis Pires who were lost. Diogo do Couto mistakenly adds Pêro d'Ataide to the list, bringing the losses to five.{{sfnp|Diogo do Couto|c. 1600|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}} Some scholars also contend that Pires was lost at this point, and Vasco de Ataíde had been lost earlier at Cape Verde.{{cn|date=May 2024}}}} In this way, the fleet was reduced to seven ships. Facing strong winds, the armada split into smaller groups to meet again on the other side. Cabral's ship went with two others.

On June 16, 1500, Cabral's three-ship squadron reached the [[Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago|Primeiras Islands]] several leagues north of Sofala. Two local merchant ships, catching sight of Cabral, took flight. Cabral gave pursuit—one merchant ship ran aground and the other was captured. Upon questioning, it was discovered that these ships were owned by a cousin of the sultan Fateima of Malindi (who had received Vasco da Gama in 1498), so they were released.

The three ships landed on [[Mozambique Island]] on June 22. Despite the earlier quarrel the merchant ships, Cabral was given a warm reception by the Sultan of Mozambique and was allowed to collect water and supplies. Shortly after, three more ships of the Second Armada sailed into the island and joined with Cabral. Only the ship of Diogo Dias remained missing. As Dias's mission was for Sofala anyway, Cabral decided not to wait for it and instead pressed on with his fleet of six ships.

More than a month later, on July 26, Cabral's armada reached [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]], the dominant city-state of the East African coast and which Gama had never visited. Afonso Furtado, who had been appointed factor for Sofala in Lisbon and had escaped death (Furtado had been aboard Bartolomeu Dias's ship, but moved to the flagship just before the Cape crossing), went ashore to open negotiations with the strongman ruler, Emir Ibrahim.{{refn|group=note|At the time, there was no ruling [[Kilwa Sultanate|Sultan of Kilwa]] as the previous one, al-Fudail, had been deposed in a coup ({{Circa|1495}}) by his minister, Emir Ibrahim, who had since ruled Kilwa with a vacant throne.}}

A meeting was arranged between Cabral and Ibrahim, conducted on a couple of rowboats in the harbor. Cabral presented a letter from King Manuel I proposing a treaty, but Ibrahim was suspicious and remained resistant to the overtures. Cabral, sensing Ibrahim's resistance and worrying that they might miss the monsoon winds to India, broke off the negotiations and sailed on.

Pressing north, the Cabral fleet avoided the hostile [[Mombassa]] (''Mombaça'') and finally reached friendly Malindi (''Melinde'') on August 2. There, he was well received by the Sultan of Malindi and dropped off the Malindi ambassador that Gama had taken the previous year. Leaving behind two ''degredados'', Luís de Moura and João Machado, and picking up two Gujarati pilots, Cabral's six-ship armada finally began its Indian Ocean crossing on August 7, 1500.

== Cabral in India ==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Kerala cities at time of Cabral (1500).gif|thumb|India Malabar Coast {{circa|1500}}]]
After an uneventful ocean crossing, Cabral's six ships landed on [[Anjediva Island]] (''Angediva'', Anjadip) on August 22, where they rested and repaired and repainted the ships.

Sailing down the Indian coast, Cabral's expedition finally reached [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] on September 13. Gaily decorated native boats came out to greet them, but remembering Gama's experience, Cabral refused to go ashore until hostages were exchanged. He dispatched Afonso Furtado and the four Calicut hostages taken by Gama the previous year to negotiate the details of the landing. When the negotiation was complete, Cabral finally went ashore himself and met the new Zamorin of Calicut. Cabral presents him with much finer and more luxurious gifts than Gama had brought, and more respectful and personalized letters of address from King Manuel I of Portugal.

A commercial treaty was successfully negotiated and the Zamorin gave Cabral a security-of-trade certificate etched on a silver plate. The Portuguese were permitted to establish a ''feitoria'' in Calicut. Aires Correia went ashore with around 70 men. Once the factory was set up, Cabral released the ship hostages as a sign of trust and Correia set about buying spices in Calicut's markets for the ships to take home.

Sometime in October, the Zamorin of Calicut dispatched a service request to Cabral's idling fleet. Arab merchants allied with the rival city-state of [[Cochin kingdom|Cochin]] were returning from [[Ceylon]] with a cargo of war elephants destined for the Sultan of [[Cambay]]. Claiming it to be illegal contraband, the Zamorin asked Cabral to intercept them. Cabral sent one of his caravels under Pêro de Ataíde to capture it. Hoping for a spectacle, the Zamorin himself came down to the beachfront to witness the engagement, but left in disgust when the Arab ship slipped past Ataide, who gave chase and eventually caught up to it near Cannanore. He successfully seized the vessel and Cabral presented the captured ship, with its nearly intact elephant cargo, to the Zamorin as a gift.

=== Calicut Massacre ===

By December 1500, factor Aires Correia was still only able to buy enough spices to load two of the ships. He complained to Cabral his suspicions that the guild of Arab merchants in Calicut had been colluding to shut out Portuguese purchasing agents from the city's spice markets. Arab traders had reportedly used similar tactics to drive out [[Chinese people|Chinese]] merchants earlier in the 15th century from various ports on the [[Malabar Coast]]. Correia thought that it would make sense if they repeated this, particularly as the Portuguese had been clear with their hatred of "the [[Moors]]" and had demanded trading privileges and preferences.{{refn|group=note|Historians now think that the Portuguese traders may have in fact been unwitting counters in ongoing quarrels between competing older and newer Arab merchant guilds in Calicut. They may also have been used as pawns in the personal power struggles among the Zamorin's leading advisors.}}

Cabral presented Correia's complaint to the Zamorin, and requested that he crack down on the Arab merchant guild or enforce Portuguese priority in the spice markets. But the Zamorin refused Cabral's demand that he actively intervene in the market.

Frustrated by the Zamorin's inaction, Cabral decided to take matters into his own hands. On December 17, on the advice of Aires Correia, Cabral ordered the seizure of an Arab merchant ship from [[Jeddah]], which had been loaded up with spices. He claimed that the Zamorin had promised the Portuguese priority in the spice markets, and so the cargo was rightfully theirs. Incensed, the Arab merchants around the quay immediately raised a riot in Calicut and direct mobs to attack the Portuguese factory. The Portuguese ships, anchored out in the harbor and unable to approach the docks, could only watch the unfolding [[massacre]]. After three hours of fighting, 53 (though some sources say 70) Portuguese were slaughtered by the mobs—including the factor Aires Correia, the secretary Caminha, and three (some say five) of the Franciscan friars. Around twenty Portuguese in the city managed to escape the riot by jumping into the harbor waters and swimming to the ships. The survivors reported to Cabral that the Zamorin's own guards were seen either standing aside or actively helping the rioters. At least one Portuguese, a man called Gonçalo Peixoto, was sheltered from the mob by a local merchant (whom the chronicles call "Coja Bequij") and survived the massacre.

After the Calicut massacre, the wares in the Portuguese factory were impounded by the Calicut authorities.

=== War with Calicut ===

Incensed at the attack on the factory, Cabral waited one day for redress by the Zamorin. When this did not arrive, Cabral and the Portuguese seized around ten Arab merchant ships then in harbor between December 18 and 22. They confiscated the ships' cargoes, killed the crews, and burned their ships. Then, accusing the Zamorin of sanctioning the riot, Cabral ordered a full day [[shore bombardment]] of Calicut, doing immense damage to the unfortified city. Estimates of Calicut casualties reach up to 600. Cabral proceeded to also bomb the nearby Zamorin-owned port of Pandarane.{{refn|group=note|The port of Pandarane has since disappeared. Its location is usually identified as 'Pantalyini Kollam', a port that has since been annexed by the growing city of [[Koyilandy]]; it is also sometimes identified with modern [[Kappad]].{{sfnp|Dames|1918|p=85}}}}

This marked the beginning of the war between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Zamorin of Calicut. The war dragged on for the next decade and became an important focus of future armadas. It ultimately dictated Portuguese strategy in the Indian Ocean and overturned the political order on the Malabar Coast of India.

=== Alliance with Cochin kingdom ===
On December 24, Cabral left the smoldering Calicut, unsure of what to do next. At the suggestion of [[Gaspar da Gama]], the Goese Jew who had been accompanying the expedition, Cabral set sail south along the coast toward Cochin kingdom (''Cochim'', Kochi or Perumpadappu Swarupam), a small Hindu [[Nair]] city-state at the outlet of the [[Vembanad Lake|Vembanad lagoon]] in the [[Kerala backwaters]]. Partly in vassalage to and partly at war with Zamorin's Calicut, Cochin had long chafed at the dominance of its larger neighbor and was looking for an opportunity to break away.

Arriving in Cochin, a Portuguese emissary and a [[Saint Thomas Christians|Christian]] picked up in Calicut went ashore to make contact with the Trimumpara Raja (Unni Goda Varma), the Nair Hindu prince of Cochin.{{refn|group=note|The exact status of the Trimumpara Raja is a bit unclear. It seems that the formal ruler of Cochin was the king of [[Edapalli]], which was across the lagoon on the mainland, but that the Cochinese peninsula (with capital at [[Perumpadappu (Malappuram district)|Perumpadappu]]) had at some point been detached as an appanage for a son, who, in turn, had detached the northern tip, Cochin proper, for another son. Moreover, it seems that these appanages were not supposed to be permanent fiefs, but rather to serve as temporary "training grounds" for princely heirs before they moved up in succession order. In other words, the ruler of Cochin was the second heir of Edapalli. Upon the death of the ruler of Edapalli, the first heir was meant to leave the peninsula and take up his duties in Edapalli, and the second heir would from Cochin to Perumpadappu, and assign Cochin to his own successor (the new second heir). The Portuguese seem to have arrived at a time when the princely heirs were somewhat at odds with one another, for some reason or another. It was only under Portuguese protection that the rulers of Cochin finally became proper kings in their own right. Thus the Raja Trimumpara's search for a Portuguese alliance possibly had more to do with his own family quarrels than with the exactions of the Zamorin of Calicut.{{sfnp|Dames|1918|p=86n}}}} The Portuguese were greeted warmly, with the bombardment of Calicut outweighing the earlier matter of the war elephants. With all the cordialities and hostage-swapping completed quickly, Cabral himself went ashore and negotiated a treaty of alliance between Portugal and Cochin, directed against Zamorin's Calicut. Cabral promised to make the Trimumpara Raja of Cochin the ruler of kingdom of Calicut upon the city's capture.

A Portuguese factory is set up in Cochin, with Gonçalo Gil Barbosa as chief factor. The spice markets of the smaller Cochin were not nearly as well-supplied as those of Calicut, but the trade was good enough to begin loading ships. The stay in Cochin was not, however, without incident. The factory was set ablaze one evening, likely at the instigation of Arab traders in the city. The Trimumpara Raja, in contrast with the Zamorin of Calicut, cracked down on the arsonists. He took the Portuguese under his protection by having the factors stay in his palace and assigned his personal Nair guards to escort the factors in the city markets and protect the factory against further incidents.

In early January 1501, while in Cochin, Cabral received missives from the rulers of [[Kolathunadu|Cannanore]] (''Canonor'', Kannur or Kolathunad), one of Calicut's reluctant rivals in the north, and [[Quilon]] (''Coulão'', Kollam or Venad Swarupam), which was further south and had once been a great Syrian Christian merchant city-state, being an entrepôt for cinnamon, ginger, and dyewood. They commended Cabral's actions against Calicut and invited the Portuguese to trade in their cities instead. Not wishing to offend his Cochinese host, Cabral declined the invitations, only promising to visit the cities at some future date.

While still in Cochin, Cabral received yet another invitation, this one from the nearby [[Kodungallur Kovilakam|Cranganore kingdom]] (''Cranganor'', Kodungallur). The once-great capital of the [[Chera dynasty]] of [[Sangam period]] had recently been facing various natural disasters. The channels that connected Cranganore to the waterways were silted up, breaking open a competing sea outlet by Cochin in the 14th century.{{refn|group=note|Cochin was originally just a village along a long embankment. Violent overflows of the [[Periyar River]] in 1341 forced the opening of the outlet between the Vembanad lagoon and the Arabian Sea at the juncture where Cochin now sits, separating the long Cochinese peninsula from what is now [[Vypin]] island.{{sfnp|Hunter|1908|p=360}}}} Cochin's rise had been principally due to the re-routing of commercial traffic away from Cranganore. Nonetheless, the remaining merchants of the dwindling city still maintained their old connections to the Kerala pepper plantations in the interior. Finding the supply in Cochin running low, Cabral took up the offer to load some cargo at Cranganore.

The visit to Cranganore turned out to be an eye-opener for the Portuguese, for among the city's remaining inhabitants are substantial established communities of [[Cochin Jews|Malabari Jews]] and [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Syrian Christians]]. The encounter with a clearly recognizable Christian community in Kerala confirmed to Cabral what the Franciscan friars had already suspected back in Calicut, namely that Vasco da Gama's earlier hypothesis about a "Hindu Church" was mistaken. If real Christians had existed alongside [[Hindus]] in India for centuries, after all, then clearly Hinduism must be a distinct religion. Hindus were "[[Paganism|heathen]] [[Idolatry|idolaters]]", as the Portuguese friars characterized them, rather than adherents to a "primitive" form of Christianity. Two Syrian Christian priests from Cranganore applied to Cabral for passage to Europe.{{refn|group=note|One of these priests, known as José de Cranganore or Joseph the Indian (''Josephus Indus''), eventually would provide instrumental intelligence about India to the Portuguese. Upon arrival in Lisbon, Joseph the Indian spent a couple of years being intensely interviewed by the Portuguese court and the [[Casa da Índia]], relating to them his detailed knowledge of the history and geography of India and the east, expanding Portuguese intelligence dramatically. It is likely that the detailed depiction of the east Indian coast and the [[Bay of Bengal]] in the [[Cantino planisphere]] of 1502 is owed in large part to this information. Around 1503, Joseph went to Rome to meet [[Pope Alexander VI]] and report on the condition of the Malabari Syrian Christian church. It was on this trip that Joseph dictated his famous narrative on India to an Italian scribe, which was eventually published in 1507 (in Italian) as part of a collection, ''Paesi Novamente Retrovati'', edited by Fracanzio da Montalboddo. The narrative includes Joseph's own account of Cabral's expedition.{{sfnp|Vallavanthara|2001|p={{pn|date=May 2024}}}}}}

On January 16, 1501, news arrived that the Zamorin of Calicut had assembled and dispatched a fleet of around 80 boats against the Portuguese in Cochin. Despite the Trimumpara Raja of Cochin's offer of military assistance against the Calicut fleet, Cabral decided to precipitously lift anchor and slip away rather than risk a confrontation. Cabral's armada left behind the factor Gonçalo Gil Barbosa and six assistants in Cochin. In their hasty departure, the Portuguese inadvertently took along two of the Trimumpara's officers (Idikkela Menon and Parangoda Mennon), who had been serving as hostages aboard the vessels.

Heading north, Cabral's armada took a wide sweep to avoid Calicut, and paid a quick visit to Cannanore. Cabral was warmly received by the [[Kolathiri]] Raja of Cannanore who, eager for a Portuguese alliance, offered to sell the Portuguese spices on credit. Cabral accepted the cargo but paid him nonetheless. Even though the cargo turned out to only be low-quality ginger, Cabral was appreciative of the gesture.

His ships now filled with spices, Cabral decided not to visit Quilon, as he had earlier promised, but to make way back home to Portugal instead.

== Diogo Dias's misadventures ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2020}}
While Cabral's main fleet was in India, Diogo Dias, captain of the missing seventh ship of the armada, was going through his own set of adventures.

Shortly after being separated from the main fleet at the Cape in June 1500, Dias had struck out too far east into the Indian Ocean and sighted the western coast of the island of [[Madagascar]]. Although the island was not unknown (its Arab name, "island of the Moon", was already reported by [[Pero de Covilha]]), Dias was the first Portuguese captain to have sighted it and is often credited with renaming it the island of ''São Lourenço'', on account of it being found on [[St. Lawrence]]'s day (August 10, 1500). However, a proper landing on Madagascar would not be undertaken until 1506 and it would only be extensively explored in 1508.

Likely thinking that he was on a South African island, Dias tried to find the African coast by sailing straight north from Madagascar, hoping to reconnect with Cabral's armada there, or to make it to Sofala, Dias's official destination. But he had struck too far east and was in fact in open ocean. Dias sighted the African coast only around [[Mogadishu]] (''Magadoxo''), by which point Cabral had already crossed the Indian Ocean. The change in the monsoon winds prevented Dias from undertaking his own crossing. Dias pushed up the coast, unexpectedly passing [[Cape Guardafui]] into the [[Gulf of Aden]], waters previously unexplored by Portuguese ships. Dias spent the next few months in the area. He was trapped by contrary winds, battered by tempests, attacked by Arab pirates, and forced aground on the Eritrean coast, unable to find food and water.

Eventually, in late 1500 and early 1501, Dias managed to procure supplies, repair his ship, and catch a favorable wind to take him out of the gulf. With his remaining six crewmen, Dias set sail back to Portugal, hoping to catch Cabral's armada on the return journey.

== Return journey ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2020}}
In late January 1501, Cabral took aboard an ambassador from Cannanore and started his ocean crossing back to East Africa. On the way, the Portuguese captured a [[Gujarat]]i ship, replete with a magnificent cargo. They stole the cargo, but, upon realizing that the crewmen were not Arabs, spared them.

As Cabral's expedition approached [[Malindi]] in February, vice-admiral Sancho de Tovar, sailing at the front, ran his spice-laden ship, the ''El Rei'', aground on the Malindi coast. The great ship was irreparable. Its crew and cargo were reallocated, then the ship burnt to recover the iron fittings Cabral authorized the king of Malindi to recover the cannons from the wreck and keep them for himself.

Cabral's fleet, reduced to just five ships, reached [[Mozambique]] Island in the spring. As there was no news from Diogo Dias, Cabral decided to take responsibility for the Sofala mission himself. Cabral ordered the private ship ''Anunciada'' of Nuno Leitão da Cunha, the fastest in the fleet, to be placed under the command of veteran hand Nicolau Coelho. He dispatched it ahead of the rest of the fleet to deliver the results of the voyage to Portugal. Tovar took command of the caravel ''São Pedro'', previously commanded by Pêro de Ataíde, with the intent to seek out Sofala and proceed home alone from there. Ataíde was transferred to the command of Coelho's old nau.

In the meantime, Cabral landed the ''degredado'' António Fernandes on the African coast, with letters of instruction for Diogo Dias and any passing Portuguese expeditions, informing them of the dramatic turn of events in India, and warning them to avoid Calicut. It is uncertain exactly where Cabral left António Fernandes or where he was ordered to go. According to Ataíde, Fernandes was ordered to go to Mombassa, which was odd, as Mombassa was at the time on hostile terms with the Portuguese; others suggest he was supposed to go to Kilwa (which is where the [[3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501)|Third Armada]] of [[João da Nova]] eventually found him). Others have speculated that Fernandes was left in Kilwa on the outward leg, and that Cabral's letters were dispatched to him by a local messenger from Mozambique on the return. It is also possible that Fernandes had been instructed to make his way to Sofala overland, meet Tovar's ship there, and then proceed to explore inland from there to locate [[Monomatapa]], though this does not explain why Cabral had given him the letters. Finally, some conjecture that Fernandes here is in fact another ''degredado'', João Machado, who had been left in Malindi on the first leg. Machado, it is thought, may have been picked up on the return and was sent back once again with the letters.

Matters settled, Cabral took the remaining three ships—his own flagship, the large nau of Simão de Miranda, and Coelho's ship (now under Pêro de Ataíde)—and set sail out of Mozambique Island.

Ataíde became separated from the other two in the [[Mozambique Channel]] soon after departure. He hurried to [[Mossel Bay|São Brás]], hoping to find Cabral there waiting for him. But Cabral and Miranda had decided to proceed on together towards Lisbon without him, so Ataíde made his way home alone, leaving behind a letter in a boot by a local watering hole giving an account of the expedition; Ataide's note would be found later that year by João da Nova's third armada.

In the meantime, Sancho de Tovar, aboard the ''São Pedro'', finally caught sight of Sofala, the entrepôt of Monomatapa gold. He stayed in his ship, scouting the city from there, before setting sail back home alone.

=== Conference at Bezeguiche ===

In 1501, following up on the discovery of Brazil the previous year, King Manuel I of Portugal assembled a small exploratory expedition of three caravels under an unnamed Portuguese captain to explore and map the coast of Brazil. Aboard the ship was the Florentine cosmographer [[Amerigo Vespucci]]. The exact identity of the captain is uncertain. Some speculate it to have been the commander of the supply vessel that had delivered the news a year earlier (either Lemos or Gonçalves); others conjecture the commander went as a passenger and that the expedition itself was commanded by [[Gonçalo Coelho]].{{refn|group=note|Amerigo Vespucci wrote two detailed accounts of this expedition—in ''Mundus Novus'' (pub. 1502/03) and as the "third voyage" in ''Lettera a Soderini'' (pub. 1504/05)—but does not identify the Portuguese captain by name in either. Chronicler Gaspar Correia, writing a half-century later, identifies the mapping captain as the same captain who steered the returning supply ship. Greenlee suggests the captain was [[Fernão de Loronha]],{{sfnp|Greenlee|1945}} although this has been dismissed by others.{{sfnp|Roukema|1963}} More recently, historians have drawn attention to a nautical chart by [[Vesconte de Maggiolo]], which identifies the Brazilian landmass with the label ''Tera de Gonsalvo Coigo Vocatur Santa Cruz'' (translated as "Land of Gonçalo Coelho called Santa Cruz"). Gonçalo Coelho is known to have led a later expedition to Brazil, which set out in 1503, but it is commonly estimated that Coelho was still out at sea when Maggiolo composed his chart (c. 1504-05), thereby suggesting that Coelho might have also captained the previous 1501 mapping expedition as well.{{sfnp|Morison|1974|loc=vol. 2|p=281}}}} Setting out from Lisbon in May 1501, the expedition made a watering stop in early June at [[Gorée|Bezeguiche]], as the bay of [[Dakar]], near present-day [[Senegal]], was known to the Portuguese sailors of the time. There, they stumbled upon Diogo Dias, who related to the Portuguese captain and Vespucci the tales of his misadventures. Just two days later, the lead ship of the returning India fleet—the ''Anunciada'' under Nicolau Coelho—sailed into Bezeguiche, which must have been a pre-arranged point of encounter for the Second Armada, surprised to find both Dias and the Brazilian mapping expedition there.

For the next two weeks, the captains and crews of the different ships exchanged tales of their travels and adventures. It has been since speculated that it was during this time that Amerigo Vespucci came up with his "[[New World]]" hypothesis. After all, Vespucci was quite familiar with the Americas, having participated in [[Alonso de Ojeda|Ojeda's]] 1499 expedition to the coasts of South America, and it is said he had intense discussions at Bezeguiche with Gaspar da Gama, undoubtedly the person most familiar with the East Indies. Comparing notes, it probably dawned on Vespucci that it was simply impossible to square what he knew of the Americas with what the men of the Second Armada knew of Asia. While still at Bezeguiche, Vespucci wrote a letter to [[Lorenzo de' Medici (1463–1503)|Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici]], relating his encounter, which he sent back with some Florentine passengers on the ''Anunciada''.{{sfnp|Vespucci|1501}} This was a prelude to an even more famous letter of Vespucci to Lorenzo in 1503, shortly after his return, in which he asserts that the Brazilian landmass was in fact a continent and that the lands discovered to the west were definitely not part of Asia, but must be an entirely different continent, a "[[New World]]".{{sfnp|Vespucci|1503}}{{refn|group=note|After leaving Bezeguiche, the mapping expedition would make landfall at [[Cape São Roque]] in August 1501, and would proceed to sail south along the Brazilian coast, possibly as far as the São Paulo coast. They returned to Lisbon before September 1502, perhaps as early as June. A second mapping expedition, this time more certainly under Gonçalo Coelho, also accompanied by Vespucci (his "fourth voyage"), set out for Brazil in April 1503.}}

In mid-June, Lemos and Vespucci left Bezeguiche for Brazil. Shortly after, Cabral and Simão de Miranda themselves reached Bezeguiche, where they find Diogo Dias and Nicolau Coelho awaiting them. Cabral sent Coelho's swift ''Anunciada'' ahead to Lisbon to announce their return, while the remainder rested and waited in Bezeguiche for the remaining two ships. Pêro de Ataíde's ship, making its way alone from Mossel Bay, and Sancho de Tovar's ''São Pedro'', returning from Sofala, arrived in Bezeguiche by the end of June.

On June 23, the ''Anunciada'', commanded by Nicolau Coelho, who had also been the first to deliver the news of Gama's expedition several years earlier, arrived in Lisbon and anchored in [[Belém, Lisbon|Belém]]. The merchants of the consortium led by Bartolomeo Marchionni, who own the ''Anunciada'', were delighted. Letters were immediately fired off throughout Europe announcing the results.

The news arrived too late for João da Nova's 3rd India Armada, however, which departed for India in two months earlier in April. But Nova collected the necessary information along the way from the note in Ataíde's shoe in Mossel Bay, as well as from Cabral's letters in the possession of António Fernandes in Kilwa.

One month after Coelho's arrival, on July 21, Cabral and Miranda, captaining the two larger ships, finally arrived in Lisbon. The other three ships arrived a few days later: Tovar and Ataíde on July 25 and Dias, with his empty caravel, on July 27.

== Aftermath ==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Bernardelli - Monumento a Cabral.jpg|thumb|upright|Monument to [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] in Lisbon (copy of a Brazilian monument by Rodolpho Bernardelli)]]
On the surface, Pedro Álvares Cabral's 2nd Armada had been a failure and the reaction was conspicuously muted.

The armada sustained heavy ship and human losses. Of the thirteen ships sent out, only five returned with cargo (four crown, one private). Three returned without any cargo (Gaspar de Lemos, Luís Pires, and Diogo Dias) and five were lost entirely. The crews and captains of the four ships lost at the Cape, including the famous navigator Bartolomeu Dias, also perished in the journey. Another fifty-something Portuguese, including the factor Aires Correia, had been killed in the Calicut massacre.

The expedition also failed to fulfill the mission of the expedition. Indeed, relative to the instructions given to him in Lisbon, Cabral had failed on nearly every count:
*1. failed to establish a treaty with the Zamorin of Calicut—indeed, Calicut was now more hostile than ever
*2. failed to establish a factory at Calicut (massacred)
*3. failed to bring the 'Hindu Church' in line (the friars that survived reported the Hindus weren't Christians after all, just "idolaters")
*4. failed to make a treaty with Kilwa
*5. failed to establish a factory at Sofala (seen from afar by Tovar, but that is all)

However, Cabral's expedition accomplished much as well:
*1. began friendly relations with Cochin, Canannore, and Quilon
*2. opened a factory in Cochin, poorer than Calicut perhaps, but workable
*3. discovered true Christian communities in Cranganore
*4. discovered and scouted Sofala
*5. discovered Brazil, which might serve as a useful staging post for future India runs
*6. discovered Madagascar and explored the African coast up to Cape Guardafui and the Gulf of Aden by Diego Dias
*7. brought back many spices, which were loaded into the Lisbon warehouses and sold at no small profit for the crown treasury

However, the ship and human losses weighed heavily against Cabral being honored or rewarded. Allegations of "incompetence" flew in the circles that mattered. Although Cabral was initially offered the command of the [[4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)|4th Armada]], scheduled for 1502, it seemed more like a ''pro forma'' gesture than a sincere offer.{{sfnp|Subrahmanyam|1997|p=191}} The crown made it clear that Cabral's command would be limited and supervised—conditions humiliating enough to force Cabral to withdraw his name. The 4th Armada would ultimately be placed under the command of Vasco da Gama.

Although the reaction of Portuguese court opinion in 1501 upon Cabral's return was generally low, it ascended retrospectively. Cabral's discovery of Brazil, initially received as a minor discovery of little interest, turned out to be much more momentous. The follow-up Brazilian mapping expeditions of 1501–02 and 1503–04, under the captaincy of Gonçalo Coelho, carrying Amerigo Vespucci, revealed a massive continent which Vespucci famously labelled a "New World". The plenitude of [[brazilwood]] (''pau-brasil'') discovered by the mapping expeditions on its shores lured the interest of European cloth industry and led to the 1505 contract granted to [[Fernão de Loronha]] for the commercial exploitation of Brazil. The lucrative brazilwood trade eventually drew competition from French and Spanish interlopers, forcing the Portuguese government to take a more active interest in Cabral's "Land of Vera Cruz". This finally led to the establishment of the first Portuguese colonies in [[colonial Brazil]] in 1532.

== See also ==
* [[Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha]]
* [[Portuguese India Armadas]]
* [[Portuguese India]]
* [[History of Brazil]]
* [[First Luso-Malabarese War]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note |30em}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

== Sources ==
'''Eyewitness Accounts'''

* {{cite book |author=[Anonymous Pilot] |chapter=Navigationi del Capitano Pedro Alvares Cabral Scrita per un Piloto Portoghese et Tradotta di Lingua Portoghese in Italiana |editor=Francanzano Montalbado |year=1507 |title=Paesi novamente retrovati et Novo Mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino intitulato |publisher=Vicenza}}
** Reprinted in Venice (1550), by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''Primo volume delle navigationi et viaggi nel qua si contine la descrittione dell'Africa, et del paese del Prete Ianni, on varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut,& infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetierie et la navigatione attorno il mondo.'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&pg=RA2-PA133 online] (Port. transl. by Trigoso de Aragão Morato, as "Navegação do Capitão Pedro Álvares Cabral, escrita por hum Piloto Portuguez, traduzida da Lingoa Portugueza para a Italiana, e novamente do Italiano para o Portuguez.", in Academia Real das Sciencias, 1812, ''Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas: que vivem nos dominios portuguezes, ou lhes são visinhas'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=eCsOAAAAYAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCN05004414&pg=PA138 vol. 2, Pt.3]
* [[Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha]]

'''Chronicles'''

* {{cite book |author=[[João de Barros]] |date=1552 |title=Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente |chapter=Decada I. Livro V. |pages=378ff |language=pt |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Epo2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA378}}
* {{cite book|last=Castanheda |first=Fernão Lopes de |author-link=Fernão Lopes de Castanheda |date=1551 |title=História do descobrimento & conquista da Índia pelos portugueses |series=Livro I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzQbAAAAYAAJ |language=pt}} 1833 reprint.
* {{cite book |author=[[Gaspar Correia]] |date=c. 1550 |title=Lendas da Índia |publication-date=1858–1864 |place=Lisbon |publisher=Academia Real das Sciencias |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmVKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA145}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Diogo do Couto]] |date=c. 1600 |chapter=Capitulo XVI: De todas as Armadas que os Reys de Portugal mandáram à Índia, até que El-Rey D. Filippe succedeo nestes Reynos |title=Década déxima da Ásia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqM2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA116 |language=pt |series=Livro 1 |publication-date=1788 |place=Lisbon |publisher=Régia Oficina Typografica}}
* {{cite book |author=[[Damião de Góis]] |date=1566–1567 |title=Chronica do Felicissimo Rei Dom Emanuel |chapter=Capitulo LIIII: Da segunda armada que el Rei mandou à Índia, de que foi por Capitão Pedralveres Cabral |at=Fol. 51 |oclc=1041789487 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/chronicadofelici00gi/page/n111/mode/2up |place=Lisboa |publisher=casa de Françisco Correa}}
** {{cite book |author=Damião de Góis |editor=Reinerio Bocache |date=1749 |chapter=Capitulo LIIII: Da segunda armada que el Rei mandou à Índia, de que foi por Capitão Pedralveres Cabral |title=Chronica do serenissimo senhor rei D. Manoel |place=Lisboa |publisher=Na officina de Miguel Manescal da Costa |pages=67–68 |oclc=579222983 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vTmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Manuel de Faria e Sousa]] |date=1666 |title=Asia Portuguesa |volume=I |place=Lisbon |publisher=Henrique Valente |chapter=Capitulo V: Conquistas del Rey D. Manuel desde el año 1500, hasta el de 1502 |pages=44–50 |language=pt |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHo25-BfGO0C&pg=PA44}}
* {{cite book |author=[[Jerónimo Osório]] |date=1571 |title=De rebus Emmanuelis}}
** (Port. trans. 1804, ''Da Vida e Feitos d'El Rei D. Manuel''. Lisbon: Impressão Regia.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=N9sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA143 p. 145ff])
** (Eng. trans. 1752 by J. Gibbs as ''The History of the Portuguese during the Reign of Emmanuel''. London: Millar.)
* ''Relação das Náos e Armadas da India com os Sucessos dellas que se puderam Saber, para Noticia e Instrucção dos Curiozos, e Amantes da Historia da India'' (Codex Add. 20902 of the British Library), [D. António de Ataíde, orig. editor.] Transcribed & reprinted in {{cite book |date=1985 |first=M.H. |last=Maldonado |title=Relação das Náos e Armadas da India com os Sucessos dellas que se puderam Saber, para Noticia e Instrucção dos Curiozos, e Amantes da Historia da India|publisher=Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pTrH3zmhj8C&dq=Rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20das%20N%C3%A1os&pg=PA1}}
* {{cite book |last=Vespucci |first=Amerigo |author-link=Amerigo Vespucci |date=1501 |chapter=Letter to Lorenzo de' Pier Francesco de' Medici, from Bezeguiche, June, 1501 |others=Original Italian version |editor=F.A. de Varnhagen |publication-date=1865 |title=Amerígo Vespucci: son caractère, ses écrits (meme les moins authentiques), sa vie et ses navigations |place=Lima |publisher=Mercurio |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=R9QOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA78 78-82]}}
** An English translation can be found in {{harvp|Greenlee|1938|pp=151ff}}.
* {{cite book |last=Vespucci |first=Amerigo |author-link=Amerigo Vespucci |date=1503 |chapter=Letter to Lorenzo de' Pier Francesco de' Medici, 1503/04 |others=Translated in 1894 |title=The Letters of Amerigo Vespucci and other documents illustrative of his career |place=London |publisher=Hakuyt society |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8wAuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA42 42]}}

'''Secondary'''

* {{cite book |last=Dames |first=M.L. |date=1918 |chapter=Introduction |title=An Account Of The Countries Bordering On The Indian Ocean And Their Inhabitants |volume=1 |edition=2005 reprint |place=New Delhi |publisher=Asian Education Services}} (Engl. transl. of ''Livro de Duarte de Barbosa''
* {{cite book |last1=Diffie |first1=B. W. |first2=G. D. |last2=Winius |date=1977 |title=Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415-1580 |place=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=University of Minnesota Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Fonseca |first=Faustino da |date=1908 |title=A Descoberta to Brasil |edition=2nd |place=Lisbon |publisher=Livraria Central de Gomes de Carvalho |language=pt |chapter=[copy of letter] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7lI4gqh7PsC&pg=PA208}}
* {{cite book |last=Greenlee |first=William Brooks |date=1938 |title=The Voyage of Pedro Álvares Cabral to Brazil and India: from contemporary documents and narratives |place=New Delhi |publisher=Asian Education Services}} 1995 reprint. {{ISBN|1409414485}}.
* {{cite book |last=Greenlee |first=William Brooks |date=1945 |chapter=The Captaincy of the Second Portuguese Voyage to Brazil, 1501-1502 |title=The Americas |volume=2 |pages=3–13}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Hunter |editor-first=W.W. |date=1908 |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Vol. 18 - Madras II |place=Calcutta |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing}}
* Logan, W. (1887) ''Malabar Manual'', 2004 reprint, New Delhi: Asian Education Services.
* {{cite book |last=Morison |first=S.E. |date=1974 |title=The European discovery of America: the southern voyages A.D. 1492-1616 |series=2 vols. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* Nair, K. Ramunni (1902) "The Portuguese in Malabar", ''Calcutta Review'', Vol. 115, p. 210-51
* Pereira, Moacir Soares (1979) "Capitães, naus e caravelas da armada de Cabral", ''Revista da Universidade de Coimbra'', Vol. 27, p. 31-134. [https://books.google.com/books?id=11pH5CnXSy8C&pg=PA31 offprint]
* Peres, Damião (1949) ''O Descobrimento do Brasil por Pedro Álvares Cabral: antecedentes e intencionalidade'' Porto: Portucalense.
* Quintella, Ignaco da Costa (1839–42) ''Annaes da marinha portugueza''. Lisboa.
* {{cite book |last=Roukema |first=E. |date=1963 |chapter=Brazil in the Cantino Map |title=Imago Mundi |volume=17 |pages=7–26}}
* Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1998) ''The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808: A world on the move''. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
* {{cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=S. |date=1997 |title=The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama |place=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Vallavanthara |first=Anthony |date=2001 |title=India in 1500 AD: The Narratives of Joseph the Indian |place=Piscataway, NJ |publisher=Gorgias Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Vigneras |first=Louis-André |title=The Discovery of South America and the Andalusian Voyages |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryofsouth0000vign/page/49 |url-access=registration |year=1976 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0226856094}}
* Visconde de Sanches da Baena (1897) ''O Descobridor do Brazil, Pedro Alvares Cabral: memoria apresentada á Academia real das sciencias de Lisboa''. Lisbon [https://books.google.com/books?id=bE9GAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5 online]
* Whiteway, Richard Stephen (1899) ''The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550'' Westminster: Constable.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Portuguese India Armadas|Portuguese India Armada]]|before=[[1st Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1497)|1st Armada (Vasco da Gama, 1497)]]|after=[[3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501)|3rd Armada (João da Nova, 1501)]]|years=1500}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2nd Portuguese India Armada (Cabral, 1500)}}
[[Category:Economic history of Portugal]]
[[Category:Economic history of India]]
[[Category:Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery]]
[[Category:Maritime history of Portugal]]
[[Category:Portuguese India Armadas]]
[[Category:15th century in Brazil]]
[[Category:1500 in South America]]
[[Category:1500 in India]]
[[Category:1500 in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Calicut kingdom]]

Deoghar

2026-03-29T10:02:30Z

BrianSop:

{{Short description|City in Jharkhand, India}}
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Deoghar district|its namesake community development block|Deoghar (community development block)|its namesake subdivision|Deoghar subdivision||}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Deoghar
| other_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image1 = Baba Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple.jpg
| image2 = Trikut Hills.jpg|thumb|Trikut Hills seen from the surrounding plains
| image3 = Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar.jpg
| image4 =Prayer in Satsang Ashram Deoghar.jpg
| image5 = DeogharAirportT.jpg
| image6 = Naulakha_Temple.jpg
}}
| image_alt = multiple views of Deoghar
| image_caption = ''From top, left to right'': [[Baidyanath Temple]], [[Trikut Hill]], [[Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar]], Prayer at Thakur Anukulchandra [[Satsang Ashram]], [[Deoghar Airport]], [[Naulakha Temple, Deoghar|Naulakha Temple]]
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.48|N|86.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government banner of Jharkhand.png}} [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]]
| established_date =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Deoghar Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name='Deoghar City'>{{cite web|url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/ulb/deoghar/deoghar.aspx|title=Deoghar Municipal Corporation|website=udhd.jharkhand.gov.in|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624084753/https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/ulb/deoghar/Deoghar.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 119
| elevation_m = 254
| population_total = 203,123
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name='Deoghar City'/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 814112
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06432
| registration_plate = JH-15
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 921 [[female|♀]] / 1000 [[male|♂]]
| website = {{URL|https://deoghar.nic.in/}}
| leader_title = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Ravi Kumar Raut
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative division|Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Santhal Parganas]]
| demographics2_title1 = [[Regional]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name4 = Anga
}}
'''Deoghar''' (pronounced ''Devghar'') is a city and a [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] in [[Deoghar district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]]. It is also the administrative headquarters of Deoghar district. It is a holy place of [[Hinduism]]. The city is primarily known for [[Baidyanath Temple]], one of the [[Jyotirlinga|12 ''Jyotirlinga''s]] of [[God Shiva|Shiva]], one of the principal deities in Hinduism. The sacred temples of the city make this a place for pilgrimage and tourists. The city is very sacred to the followers of Hinduism, regardless of sects.

The city is administrative headquarter of [[Deoghar district|Deoghar District]] which comes under [[Santhal Parganas]] division of [[Jharkhand]]. It is the [[List of cities in Jharkhand by population|fifth largest city in Jharkhand]] and also known as the cultural capital of Jharkhand.

== Geography ==
===Location===
Deoghar is located at {{Coord|24.48|N|86.7|E}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Deoghar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Deoghar, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 255 metres (833 feet). It is a part of the Indian peninsular plateau which forms a part of the oldest landmass on Earth, [[Gondwana]] land.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.preservearticles.com/articles/complete-information-on-chotanagpur-plateau-of-peninsular-uplands-in-india/20293|title=Complete information on Chotanagpur Plateau of Peninsular Uplands in India|date=3 February 2012|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=19 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919025438/https://www.preservearticles.com/articles/complete-information-on-chotanagpur-plateau-of-peninsular-uplands-in-india/20293|url-status=dead}}</ref> Deoghar is situated on the bank of [[Ajay river]] (which originates from Batpar village of [[Jamui]] district in Bihar) and its tributary Dadhawa river (which originates from Purnia Lake near Karangarh village {{coord|24.595501|N|86.474369|E|}} in Jamui district of Bihar). The city is surrounded with various small relict hills such as Dighriya Pahaad, Nandan Pahaad, Trikuti Pahaad, and Tapovan Pahaad. Dighriya Pahaad forms the western boundary of the city and there is a national park being constructed on these hills. Nandan Pahaad is a children's amusement place and serves as one of the principal recreational places in the city.<ref name="District Deoghar, Government of Jharkhand 2020">{{cite web | title=Nandan Pahar - India | website=District Deoghar, Government of Jharkhand | date=2020-09-20 | url=http://deoghar.nic.in/tourist-place/nandanpahad/ | access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref> Tapovan Pahaad has its cultural relevance found in Hindu scriptures. It is one of the amusement places in the city and serves as a habitat for monkeys.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.explorebihar.in/tapovan-deoghar.html|title=Tapovan Deoghar Travel Guide | Tapovan Temple | Tapovan Hills | Explore Bihar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Roychoudhury |first=P.C. |year=1965 |title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Santhal Parganas |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3120/page/n1/mode/2up |access-date=10 November 2020 |work=Chapter I: General |publisher=Secretariat Press, Patna, 1965}}</ref>

===Area===
Deoghar has an area of {{convert|119|km2}}.<ref name='Deoghar City'/><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2005_PART_B_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 25: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 3 November 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==

=== Population ===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Deoghar had a total population of 203,123, of which 107,997 (53%) were males and 95,126 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 26,893 (13%). The total number of literate persons in Deoghar was 150,988 out of which 85,439 are males while 65,549 are females. Average literacy rate of Deoghar city is 85.68 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.24 and 79.37 percent respectively.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII B |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2005_PART_B_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=Page 27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=District Census Handbook Deoghar |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3559cb990c9dffd8675f6bc2186971dc2/uploads/2018/03/2018032421.pdf |journal=Census of India, Jharkhand, 2011}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Hinduism is the prominent religion in Deoghar followed by 94.30% of the population. Christianity is second most followed religion in the district by 2.65% of the people. Minorities are Muslims 2.23%, Jainism by 0.07%, Sikhism by 0.03% and Buddhism by 0.03%. Around 0.04% stated other religion and approximately 0.04% stated 'no particular religion.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |title=Population by religious community, Jharkhand - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS |journal=[[Census of India]]}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Deoghar District (2022)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Population by religious community, Jharkhand - 2011|url= https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|94.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.65}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|2.23}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|red|0.07}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|maroon|0.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|yellow|0.03}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.04}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|grey|0.04}}}}

==Economy==
{{anchor|Economy of Deoghar}}

[[File:Jasidih Junction.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jasidih]] - The main and major industrial hub of the city of Deoghar ]]
The economy of Deoghar is largely dependent on religious tourism and hospitality. Deoghar is the fifth largest city in the state of Jharkhand.
<ref>{{cite web | title=Deoghar, the holy city in Jharkhand all set to have a new airport, flight operations to start soon| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/industry/article/deoghar-the-holy-city-in-jharkhand-all-set-to-have-a-new-airport-flight-operations-to-start-soon/659043| access-date=2020-12-04| website=www.timesnownews.com| date=28 September 2020| language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web | date=2020-08-26| title=Good news for Baidyanath Dham pilgrims! Jharkhand govt allows darshans — check details| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism/good-news-for-baidyanath-dham-pilgrims-jhakhand-govt-allows-darshans-check-details/2066394/| access-date=2020-12-04| website=The Financial Express| language=en-US}}</ref>

Industry in Deoghar is mainly based on IT, agriculture, hospitality, petroleum, tourism, and in the service sector. Various small and middle scale industries are present in Deoghar. Some large industrial projects are also present:
* Jalsar Solar Park: Established by Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency
* Plastic Park and Plastic Recycling unit
* Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/business/centre-sanctions-rs-120-crore-plastic-park-for-jharkhand-promises-cipet-centre-1695053.html|title=Centre Sanctions Rs 120 Crore for Plastic Park in Jharkhand; Promises CIPET Centre|website=News18|date=20 March 2018|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
[[Indian Oil Corporation]] has one of its terminals in Deoghar, located at Badladih, [[Jasidih]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=Aug 21, 2014 |title=PM dedicates IOC's Jasidih terminal to nation at Jharkhand |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/pm-dedicates-iocs-jasidih-terminal-to-nation-at-jharkhand/articleshow/40595001.cms}}</ref>

[[Software Technology Parks of India|Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)]] is a company / organization that promotes IT and technology industries. This company has set up many [[IT park]] branches in many cities such as [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Patna]] and [[Ranchi]]. Same as the others, it has set up another IT Park branch in Deoghar. It is almost completed and opened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STPI Deoghar |url=https://stpi.in/en/deoghar |website=Software Technology Parks of India}}</ref>

== Culture ==
Deoghar city is usually referred to as the cultural capital of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/others/deoghar-to-get-status-of-cultural-capital-of-jharkhand/11368.html |title=Deoghar to get status of cultural capital of Jharkhand |publisher=Uniindia.com |date=2015-03-17 |access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> The official languages of the city of Deoghar are [[Hindi]] and [[Khortha language|Khortha]], while other native languages like [[Angika]] and [[Santali language|Santhali]] are also spoken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Uniindia News |title=Jharkhand gives 2nd language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithali |url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/jharkhand-gives-2nd-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithali/States/news/1175423.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=uniindia.com}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:Part of the interior of an Hindoo Temple, at Deo, in Bahar, from Rees's Cyclopedia, 1802.JPG|Part of the interior of a Hindu Temple, at Deo, in Bahar, from Rees's Cyclopedia, 1802
File:Baba Dham.jpg|Baidyanath Dham
File:Baidyanath.jpg|Baba Baidyanath Temple
File:Naulakkha Temple - Deoghar - Jharkhand (5).jpg|Naulakkha temple
</gallery>

== Tourism ==
The holy city of Deoghar is home to various tourist attractions such as:
* [[Baidyanath Temple]], one of the twelve [[Jyotirlinga]] of Lord [[Shiva]] in India
* '''Tapovan Caves and Hills:''' This series of caves and hills is located 10 km from Deoghar and has a temple of Shiva called Taponath Mahadeva. In one of the caves a Shiva lingam is installed, and it is said that Sage Valmiki came here for penance.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=Apr 14, 2022 |title=Deoghar in Jharkhand is a hub of all thing religious and beautiful |work=[[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/deoghar-in-jharkhand-is-a-hub-of-all-thing-religious-and-beautiful/photostory/90845959.cms?picid=90846008}}</ref>
* '''[[Naulakha Temple, Deoghar|Naulakha Mandir]]''': The temple stands 146 ft high. It is very similar to the temple of [[Ramakrishna Mission]] in [[Belur Math]] and it is dedicated to Radha-Krishna. Since its construction cost ₹9 [[lakh]], it is also known as Naulakha temple.<ref name=":1" />
* '''Basukinath Temple''': [[Basukinath]] is a place of worship for Hindus and is located in the [[Dumka district]] of Jharkhand on the Deoghar-Dumka state highway. Pilgrims visit the temple each year from all of India to worship the presiding deity Shiva. The crowd at the temple drastically increases in the month of Shravan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Jul 24, 2018 |title=बासुकीनाथ: सौर सावन मास में श्रद्धालुओं की उमड़ी भीड़ |work=Hindustan |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/dumka/story-basukinath-the-rush-crowd-of-devotees-in-the-solar-saawan-month-2086680.html}}</ref> It is widely believed that the Basukinath Temple is the court of Baba Bhole Nath. The temples of Shiva and Parvati are located in front of each other in the Basukinath Temple. The gates to both of these temples open in the evening, and it is believed that Shiva and Parvati meet each other at this time.
* '''Satsang Ashram''' - It's the holy place where [[Anukulchandra Chakravarty|Sri Sri Thakur Anukuchandra]] had spent his life. Many devotees come everyday here to have ''darsan'' of '''Thakur Parivar''' . This is the epicenter of the Satsang Revolution and also the chief centre of this movement. In the Ashram many devotees live permanently as natives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satsang Ashram |url=https://deoghar.nic.in/tourist-place/satsangashram/ |website=www.deoghar.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 18, 2022 |title=Tourist Places in Jharkhand |pages= |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/jharkhand/these-7-places-are-best-place-for-tourist-must-visit/1046422}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Oct 26, 2015 |title=Jharkhand governor inaugurates Deoghar function |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jharkhand-governor-inaugurates-deoghar-function/articleshow/49534813.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Trikut Hill]] is a trendy picnic spot and a pilgrimage site located 21 km from the main city.
* [[Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar]].

== Education ==
* [[Deoghar College, Jharkhand|Deoghar College]]
* [[A.S. College, Deoghar|A.S.College]]
* [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar]]
* [[Birla Institute of Technology, Deoghar]] (Ranchi Offcampus)
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Deoghar]]
* [[Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar]]
* Anandalaya Public School, Beside Jagadishpur Branch Post Office, Madhupur, Deoghar - CBSE [https://www.anandalaya.in/][https://www.peoppleinstitute.com]

== Transportation ==

===Airways===
[[File:DGH 1.jpg|thumb|Terminal building of Deoghar Airport]]
* [[Deoghar Airport]] (IATA: DGH, ICAO: VEDO), served the Deoghar city, which is approximately 12 km (7.4 mi) from the city centre. The airport was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on July 12, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 12, 2022 |title=PM Modi inaugurates 657-acre Deoghar airport, flags off flight to Kolkata |work=Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/pm-modi-inaugurates-657-acre-deoghar-airport-flags-off-flight-to-kolkata-11657616394906.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 12, 2022 |title=PM Modi Inaugurates Deoghar Airport, Projects Worth ₹ 16,800 Crore In Jharkhand |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-deoghar-airport-projects-worth-rs-16-800-crore-in-jharkhand-3149989}}</ref> As of now [[IndiGo]] operates its flight services only for Ranchi, Patna, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 12, 2022 |title=IndiGo begins direct flight between Kolkata and Deoghar |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/indigo-begins-direct-flight-between-kolkata-and-deoghar/articleshow/92834588.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-07-30 |title=IndiGo starts direct flight service between Delhi and Deoghar |url=https://theprint.in/economy/indigo-starts-direct-flight-service-between-delhi-and-deoghar/1062050/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 12, 2022 |title=PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Deoghar Airport, to have flights to Patna, Kolkata, Delhi |work=[[Zee News]] |url=https://zeenews.india.com/aviation/pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-deoghar-airport-to-have-flights-to-patna-kolkata-delhi-2484480.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiGo announces flight services between Delhi and Deoghar |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indigo-announces-flight-services-between-delhi-and-deoghar20220712175759/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

===Railways===
* [[Jasidih Junction]] is the nearest train station serving Deoghar. It is located on the [[Howrah–New Delhi main line]] train route by which it is connected from all over the country.
* [[Deoghar Junction railway station|Deoghar Junction]] is the railway station located in the city. It is on the Jasidih-Dumka-Rampurhat & Jasidih-Banka-Bhagalpur line. There are trains to [[Ranchi]], [[Dumka]], Rampurhat, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Agartala etc.
* [[Baidyanathdham Deoghar railway station]] is a terminal station located in the city centre connected directly by jasidih junction. It mostly serves passengers trains but some express trains are planned to be started from here as well including a [[Vande Bharat Express|Vande Bharat]] to [[Varanasi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/vaishali-pm-modi-will-flag-off-baidyanathdham-varanasi-vande-bharat-know-route-and-timing-23796953.html | title=Vande Bharat Train: देवघर से वाराणसी जाना हुआ बेहद आसान, बैद्यनाथधाम-वाराणसी वंदे भारत के बारे में जानें सबकुछ - PM Modi will flag off Baidyanathdham Varanasi Vande Bharat know route and timing }}</ref>

===Roadways===
* [[National Highway 333 (India)|NH 333]] which starts from Deoghar city which connect it by [[Jamui]] and [[Munger]] city in [[Bihar]]
* [[National Highway 114A (India)|NH 114A]] which passes through Deoghar city by which it is connected by [[Giridih]] and [[Dumka]] city.
* [[National Highway 133 (India)|NH 133]] which starts 11 km away from Deoghar city which connect it by [[Godda]] city.

== Healthcare ==
[[File:AIIMS Deoghar Campus.jpg|thumb|Campus view of AIIMS, Deoghar|230x220px]]

* [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar]] is a medical school started by [[government of India]]. A 40-room outpatient department was inaugurated in 2021, including a night shelter facility for the patients and attendants.<ref name="OPD">{{Cite web |title=Union health minister launches OPD facilities at AIIMS-Deoghar |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/union-health-minister-launches-opd-facilities-at-aiims-deogar/cid/1827799 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> Online registration facilities were launched on 3 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Online OPD Registration for AIIMS Deoghar started. |work=Jharkhand Aajkal. |url=https://www.jharkhandaajkal.in/online-registration-service-started-in-deoghar-aiims/ |access-date=2021-09-19}}</ref> On July 12, 2022, the 250-bed in-patient department (IPD) and operation theatre is opened for public for treatment facilities.<ref name="timesnownews.com">{{Cite web |title=PM Modi in Deoghar: PM Modi inaugurates new In Patient Department and Operation Theatre at AIIMS Deoghar |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/pm-modi-in-deoghar-pm-modi-inaugurates-new-in-patient-department-and-operation-theatre-at-aiims-deoghar-article-92827086 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=TimesNow |date=12 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The rest 500- bed in-patient department is soon to completed for the patients, making it total 750 beds by the beginning of year 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 13, 2022 |title=Jharkhand's Deoghar airport and AIIMS could prove to be a gamechanger |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-jharkhand-deoghar-airport-aiims-hemant-soren-1974986-2022-07-13}}</ref><ref name="timesnownews.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2022 |title=Modi Deoghar Visit: PM Modi to inaugurate Deoghar Airport, dedicate in-patient department, operation theatre services at AIIMS |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-deoghar-airport-dedicate-in-patient-department-operation-theatre-services-at-aiims/articleshow/92816861.cms |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* District Hospital, Deoghar offer varies treatment and surgeries for patients.

==See also==
* [[List of cities in Jharkhand]]
* [[List of cities in Jharkhand by population]]
* [[Deoghar (community development block)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Deoghar}}

{{Temple towns in Jharkhand}}
{{Santhal Parganas Division}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}{{Jharkhand}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deoghar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Anga Desh]]
[[Category:Villages in Giridih district]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:Places in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Places in Hindu worship]]

Bimal Roy

2026-03-27T07:49:47Z

BrianSop: Added a details

{{Short description|Indian film director (1909–1966)}}
{{about|the movie director|the [[cryptologist]] by the same name|Bimal Kumar Roy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bimal Roy
| image = Bimal_Roy_2007_stamp_of_India.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Roy on a 2007 stamp
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1909|07|12}}
| birth_place = [[Dhaka district]], [[Dhamrai Upazila]], [[Suapur]], [[Bangladesh]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1966|01|07|1909|07|12}}
| death_place = [[Bombay]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Producer and director
| yearsactive = 1934–1966
| notable_works = {{unbulleted list|
*{{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}} (1953)
*''[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]'' (1953)
*''[[Biraj Bahu]]'' (1954)
*''[[Devdas]]'' (1955)
*''[[Madhumati]]'' (1958)
*''[[Yahudi]]'' (1958)
*''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]'' (1959)
*''[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]'' (1960)
*''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'' (1963)}}
| spouse = Manobina Roy
| children = 4, including [[Rinki Bhattacharya]], Joy Bimal Roy
| awards = *4 [[Filmfare Award for Best Film#Winners and nominees|Filmfare Award for Best Film]]
*7 [[Filmfare Award for Best Director#Winners and nominees|Filmfare Award for Best Director]]
}}

'''Bimal Roy''' (12 July 1909 – 7 January 1966) was an Indian film director. He is particularly noted for his realistic and socialistic films such as {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}}, ''[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]'', ''[[Biraj Bahu]]'', ''[[Devdas (1955 film)|Devdas]]'', ''[[Madhumati]]'', ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]'', ''[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]'' and ''[[Bandini (1963 film)|Bandini]]'', making him an important director of [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]]. Inspired by [[Italian neorealism|Italian neo-realistic]] cinema, he made {{Lang|hi-latn|Do Bigha Zamin}} after watching [[Vittorio De Sica]]'s'' [[Bicycle Thieves]]'' (1948).<ref name="Huda2004">{{cite book |title=The Art and science of Cinema |author=Anwar Huda |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |year=2004 |isbn=81-269-0348-1 |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiA3X6RLLnYC&pg=PA100}}</ref> His work is particularly known for his [[mise en scène]] which he employed to portray [[Realism (arts)|realism]].<ref name="Huda2004" /> He won a number of awards throughout his career, including eleven [[Filmfare Awards]], two [[National Film Awards]], and the International Prize of the [[Cannes Film Festival]]. ''[[Madhumati]]'' won 9 [[6th Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Awards]] in 1958, a record held for 37 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Flashback: Record breaking films {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-flashback-record-breaking-films-26089.html |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Personal life ==
Bimal Roy was born on 12 July 1909, to a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] [[Baidya]] family in Suapur, [[Dhaka]], which was then part of the [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]] province of [[British India]] and is now part of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bimal Roy |url=https://dailyasianage.com/news/130162/?regenerate |access-date=2022-12-17 |work=The Asian Age |location=Bangladesh |language=en}}</ref> He produced many movies in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Hindi]]. He married Manobina Roy in 1936.

==Career==
[[File:With Bimal Roy.jpg|thumb|Roy (left) during the shooting of ''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]'']]
Bimal Roy moved to [[Calcutta]] and entered the field of cinema as a camera assistant with [[New Theatres Pvt. Ltd.]] During this time, he assisted director [[P.C. Barua]] as Publicity Photographer, on the hit 1935 film ''[[Devdas (1935 film)|Devdas]]'', starring [[Kundan Lal Saigal|K.L. Saigal]]. In the 1940s and 1950s Roy was part of the parallel cinema movement in post-war India. He collaborated on ''Anjangarh'' (1948), one of the last major films of the New Theatres, however, the Kolkata-based film industry was now on the decline, thus Roy shifted his base to Bombay (now Mumbai), along with his team in 1950, which included [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] (editor), [[Nabendu Ghosh]] (screenwriter), [[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]] (assistant director), [[Kamal Bose]] (cinematographer) and later, [[Salil Chaudhury]] (music director), and by 1952 he had restarted the second phase of his career with ''Maa'' (1952), for [[Bombay Talkies]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Memories and melodies of a golden era|url=http://hindu.com/2001/04/13/stories/09130225.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215922/http://hindu.com/2001/04/13/stories/09130225.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2013 |date=13 April 2001 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=29 April 2013}}</ref> He was famous for his romantic-realist melodramas that took on important social issues while still being entertaining. He was a filmmaker of great and in-depth understanding of human strengths and weaknesses. In 1959, he was a member of the jury at the [[1st Moscow International Film Festival]].<ref name="Moscow1959">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1959 |title=1st Moscow International Film Festival (1959) |access-date=27 October 2012 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116210640/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1959 |archive-date=16 January 2013 }}</ref>

He died of cancer on 7 January 1966 at the age of 56. He was survived by four children: daughters Rinki Bhattacharya, Yashodhara Roy and Aparajita Sinha, and his only son, Joy Roy. His eldest daughter, [[Rinki Bhattacharya]], married the director [[Basu Bhattacharya]] against the wishes of both their families. The marriage collapsed within a few years, but resulted in the birth of a son, the actor and screenplay writer [[Aditya Bhattacharya]]. Rinki Bhattacharya now heads the Bimal Roy Memorial Committee.<ref name=mirror>{{cite web |title=First in Mirror: Enter Roy's world |work=Mumbai Mirror |url=https://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/First-in-Mirror-Enter-Roys-world/articleshow/36861885.cms |author=Reema Gehi |date=20 June 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> and his great-granddaughter Drisha Acharya married Karan Deol

==Awards==
Bimal Roy has received several awards.

;[[Filmfare Awards]]
* 1953: [[Filmfare Award for Best Film]] – {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}}
* 1953: [[Filmfare Award for Best Director]] – {{Lang|hi-latn|Do Bigha Zamin}}
* 1954: Filmfare Award for Best Director – ''[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]''
* 1955: Filmfare Award for Best Director – ''[[Biraj Bahu]]''
* 1958: Filmfare Award for Best Film – ''[[Madhumati]]''
* 1958: Filmfare Award for Best Director – ''Madhumati''
* 1959: Filmfare Award for Best Film – ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]''
* 1959: Filmfare Award for Best Director – ''Sujata''
* 1960: Filmfare Award for Best Director – ''[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]''
* 1963: Filmfare Award for Best Film – ''[[Bandini (1963 film)|Bandini]]''
* 1963: Filmfare Award for Best Director – ''Bandini''
* 2025: Filmfare Cine Icon Award for his enduring legacy in Hindi cinema

;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[1st National Film Awards|1953]]: [[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#All India Certificate of Merit|All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film]] – {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}}<ref name="1stawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/1st_nff_1954.pdf |title=1st National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref>
* [[2nd National Film Awards|1954]]: All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film – ''[[Biraj Bahu]]''<ref name="2ndawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/2nd_nff_1955.pdf |title=2nd National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref>
* [[3rd National Film Awards|1955]]: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] – ''[[Devdas (1955 film)|Devdas]]''<ref name="3rdawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf |title=3rd National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=1 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105232134/http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref>
* [[6th National Film Awards|1958]]: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] – ''[[Madhumati]]''<ref name="6thaward">{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx |title=6th National Film Awards |publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]] |access-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020054317/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx |archive-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[7th National Film Awards|1959]]: [[National Film Award for Third Best Feature Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film]] – ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]''<ref name="7thawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/7th_nff.pdf |title=7th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>
* [[11th National Film Awards|1963]]: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]] – ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]''

;[[Cannes Film Festival]]
'''Won''' International Prize:<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3829/year/1954.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Two Acres of Land |access-date=25 January 2009 |work=festival-cannes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204192851/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3829/year/1954.html |archive-date=4 February 2012 }}</ref>
* [[1954 Cannes Film Festival|1954]] for {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Two Acres of Land|Do Bigha Zamin]]}}

Nominated for [[Palme d'Or|Grand Prize of the Festival]]:
* [[1954 Cannes Film Festival|1954]] for {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Two Acres of Land|Do Bigha Zamin]]}}

Nominated for {{Lang|fr|[[Palme d'Or]]|italic=no}}:
* [[1955 Cannes Film Festival|1955]] for ''[[Biraj Bahu]]''
* [[1960 Cannes Film Festival|1960]] for ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]''

==Music==
Bimal Roy usually alternated between music directors [[Salil Chowdhury]] and [[Sachin Dev Burman|S.D. Burman]]. His films featured beautiful and memorable songs, rendered by all the top playback singers of the day. Some of the notable songs from Roy's films include:
* "Jalte Hain Jiske Liye" from ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]'' (1959), sung by [[Talat Mahmood]]
* "Chali Radhe Rani" from ''[[Parineeta (1953 movie)|Parineeta]]'' (1953), sung by [[Manna Dey]]
* "Aa Ri Aa Nindiya" from {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}} (1953), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
* "Ab Aage Teri Marzi" from ''[[Devdas (1955 film)|Devdas]]'' (1955), music by S.D. Burman, sung by Lata Mangeshkar
* "Aan Milo Aan Milo Shyam Sabere" from ''Devdas'' (1955), music by S.D. Burman, sung by [[Manna Dey]], [[Geeta Dutt]]
* "Dil Tadap Tadap Ke Keh Raha" from ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1958), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar
* "Suhana Safar Aur Yeh Mausam Haseen" from ''Madhumati'' (1958), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
* "Aaja Re Pardesi" from ''Madhumati'' (1958), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by Lata Mangeshkar
* "Ghadi Ghadi Mora Dil Dhadake" from ''Madhumati'' (1958), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
* "Zulmi Sang Aankh Ladi" from ''Madhumati'' (1958), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by Lata Mangeshkar
* "O Sajana Barkha Bahaar" from ''[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]'' (1960), music by Salil Chowdhury, sung by Lata Mangeshkar
* "Mora Gora Ang Lai Le" from ''[[Bandini (1963 film)|Bandini]]'' (1963), music by S.D. Burman, sung by Lata Mangeshkar

==Legacy==
Bimal Roy's influence was far-reaching, both in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] and [[world cinema]]. In Indian cinema, his influence extended to both mainstream commercial [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]] and the emerging [[Parallel Cinema]]. His film {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}} (1953) was the first film to successfully straddle art and commercial cinema. It was a commercial and critical success, winning the International Prize at the [[1954 Cannes Film Festival]]. As a result, the film's success paved the way for the [[Parallel Cinema|Indian New Wave]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Do Bigha Zamin: Seeds of the Indian New Wave |author=Srikanth Srinivasan |publisher=Dear Cinema |date=4 August 2008 |url=http://dearcinema.com/review-do-bigha-zamin-bimal-roy |access-date=13 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115204002/http://dearcinema.com/review-do-bigha-zamin-bimal-roy |archive-date=15 January 2010 }}</ref><ref name=filmreference>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/Films-De-Dr/Do-Bigha-Zamin.html |title=Do Bigha Zamin |website=Filmreference.com |date=3 August 1980 |access-date=13 November 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/India-TRENDS-AND-GENRES.html Trends and genres]. Filmreference.com. Retrieved 13 November 2018.</ref>

In commercial cinema, the most influential film he directed was perhaps{{According to whom|date=June 2015}} ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1958), his first and only collaboration with [[Ritwik Ghatak]] (who wrote the screenplay), and one of the earliest films to deal with [[reincarnation]]. It is believed{{By whom|date=June 2015}} to have been the source of inspiration for many later works dealing with the theme of reincarnation in Indian cinema, [[Television in India|Indian television]], and perhaps world cinema. It may have been the source of inspiration for the American film ''[[The Reincarnation of Peter Proud]]'' (1975) and the Hindi film ''[[Karz (film)|Karz]]'' (1980), both of which dealt with reincarnation and have been influential in their respective cultures.<ref name="Doniger2005">{{Cite book |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |title=The woman who pretended to be who she was: myths of self-imitation |chapter=Chapter 6: Reincarnation |pages=112–136 [135] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=0-19-516016-9}}</ref> ''Karz'' in particular was remade several times: as the [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada film]] ''[[Yuga Purusha]]'' (1989), the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] ''[[Enakkul Oruvan (1984 film)|Enakkul Oruvan]]'' (1984), and more recently the [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Karzzzz (film)|Karzzzz]]'' (2008). ''Karz'' may have also inspired the American film ''[[Chances Are (film)|Chances Are]]'' (1989).<ref name="Doniger2005"/> The most recent film to be directly inspired by ''Madhumati'' is the hit Bollywood film ''[[Om Shanti Om (film)|Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007), which led to Roy's daughter [[Rinki Bhattacharya]] accusing the film of plagiarism and threatening legal action against its producers.

Bimal Roy discovered and gave a break to many children, such as [[Asha Parekh]]'','' Sona Mastan Mirza, [[Baby Farida]], & Baby Sonu (Bablani), who would later become quite famous.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 July 2020|title=BIMAL ROY – a daughter remembers|url=https://filmcriticscircle.com/journal/a-daughter-remembers-bimal-roy/|access-date=26 October 2020|website=Journal of Indian Cinema|language=en-GB|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028015512/https://filmcriticscircle.com/journal/a-daughter-remembers-bimal-roy/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Bimal Roy's films continue to be screened at major national and international film festivals in India, Europe and North America. His films are being restored and digitised by the [[National Film Archive of India]] (NFAI) at Pune. In July 2014, [[Prince of Wales Museum]], Mumbai hosted an exhibition; ''Bimal Roy: Life & Times'', organised in collaboration with his children. The exhibits included screening of the films; ''Madhumati'', ''Sujata'' and ''Bandini'', besides film posters, costumes and memorabilia, including an Arriflex camera used to shoot ''Devdas'' and ''Sujata''.<ref name="mirror"/>

'''The [[Bimal Roy Memorial Trophy]]''' has been awarded every year since 1997, by the Bimal Roy Memorial & Film Society to honor both experienced artists and other contributors from the Indian film industry as well as new and upcoming outstanding young filmmakers.

[[File:Bimal Roy 2007 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright|Stamp by India post {{circa|2007}}]]
A postage stamp, bearing his face, was released by [[India Post]] to honour him on 8 January 2007.

==Filmography==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#bfd7ff"|Director
|-
!Year !! Film !!Producer !!Notes
|-
|1943
|''Bengal Famine''
|
|English
|-
|1944
|''Udayer Pathey''
|
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]] Director, Writer and cinematographer
|-
|1945
|''[[Hamrahi (1945 film)|Hamrahi]]''
| [[New Theatres]]||Writer and cinematographer
|-
|1948
|''[[Anjangarh]]''
|
|
|-
|1949
|''Mantramugdhu''
|
|
|-
|1950
|''Pehla Aadmi''
|
|
|-
|1952
|''[[Maa (1952 film)|Maa]]''
|
|
|-
|1953
|''[[Parineeta (1953 film)|Parineeta]]''
|Ashok Kumar
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director]]
|-
|1953
|{{Lang|hi-latn|[[Do Bigha Zamin]]}}
|Bimal Roy
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film#Winners and nominees|Filmfare Award for Best Film]] [[Filmfare Award for Best Director]]. The story was written by Salil Chaudhury.
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1954|1954]]
|''[[Biraj Bahu]]''
|Hiten Choudhury
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director]]
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1954|1954]]
|{{Lang|hi-latn|[[Naukari]]}}
|Bimal Roy Productions
|
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1954|1954]]
|''[[Baap Beti]]''
|
|
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1955|1955]]
|''[[Devdas (1955 film)|Devdas]]''
|Self
|
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1958|1958]]
|''[[Madhumati]]''
|Bimal Roy Productions
|Highest-grossing film of 1958. It garnered 9 [[Filmfare Awards#Records|Filmfare Awards]], a record held for 37 years.
Its story was written by Rwitwick Ghatak
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1958|1958]]
|''[[Yahudi]]''
|Savak B. Vacha
|
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1959|1959]]
|''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]''
|Bimal Roy|| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Director#Winners and nominees|Filmfare Award for Best Director]]
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1960|1960]]
|''[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]''
|Self
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1960|1960]]
|''[[Nader Nimai]]''
|
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1961|1961]]
|''Immortal Stupa''
|
|
|-
|1962
| ''[[Prem Patra]]''
|Self
|
|-
|1963
| ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]''
|Bimal Roy
|It won six [[Filmfare Awards]] including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film#Winners and nominees|Filmfare Award for Best Film]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director]]
|-
|1964
| ''Life and Message of Swami Vivekananda''
|
|English on [[Swami Vivekananda]]
|-
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#bfd7ff"|Documentary
|-
|1941
| ''Tins for India''
|
|
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#bfd7ff"|Producer
|-
!Year !! Film !!Director !!Notes
|-
|1955
| ''[[Amanat (1955 film)|Amanat]]''
|Aravind Sen
|
|-
|1956
| ''Parivar''
| rowspan="2" |[[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]
|
|-
|1957
| ''Apradhi Kaun''
|
|-
|1960
| ''[[Usne Kaha Tha]]''
|[[Moni Bhattacharjee]]
|
|-
|1961
| ''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]''
|Hemen Gupta
|
|-
|1961
| ''[[Benazir (1964 film)|Benazir]]''
|S. Khalil
|
|-
|1967
| ''Gautama the Buddha''
|Rajbans Khanna
|[[Films Division of India]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#bfd7ff"|Editor
|-
|1949
| ''[[Mahal (1949 film)|Mahal]]''
|[[Kamal Amrohi]]
|
|-
|1960
| ''[[Kalpana (1960 film)|Kalpana]]''
|R.K. Rakhan
|
|-
|1951
| ''[[Deedar (1951 film)|Deedar]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Nitin Bose]]
|
|-
|1962
| ''[[Umeed (1962 film)|Umeed]]''
|
|-
|1963
| ''[[Nartaki (1963 film)|Nartaki]]''
|
|-
|1963
| ''[[Meri Surat Teri Ankhen]]''
|R.K. Rakhan
|
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#bfd7ff"|Cinematographer
|-
|1934
| ''[[Chandidas (film)|Chandidas]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Nitin Bose]]
|Assistant Cinematographer
|-
|1934
| ''[[Daku Mansoor]]''||
|-
|1935
| ''[[Devdas (1936 film)|Devdas]]''
| rowspan="4" |[[Pramathesh Barua]]||
|-
|1936
| ''Grihadah''||
|-
|1936
| ''Maya''||
|-
|1937
| ''[[Mukti (1937 film)|Mukti]]''||
|-
|1938
| ''[[Abhagin]]''
|Prafulla Roy||
|-
|1939
| ''Bardidi''
| rowspan="2" |[[Amar Mullick]]||
|-
|1940
| ''Abhinetri''||
|-
|1940
| ''Meenakshi''
|Modhu Bose||
|-
|}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|author=Rinki Roy Bhattacharya|title=Bimal Roy: The Man who spoke in pictures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tq4aVRUoDcC|date=2009|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-818-4}}
* {{cite book|author=Rinki Roy Bhattacharya|title=Bimal Roy's Madhumati: Untold Stories from Behind the Scenes|year=2014|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=978-8129129161}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://bimalroymemorial.org/default/ Bimal Roy Memorial website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110625171600/http://www.bimalroy.org/ Bimal Roy Online Museum]
* {{IMDb name|0746950}}
* [https://indiancine.ma/grid/year/name=Bimal_Roy Bimal Roy Life and Filmography] on Indian Cine

{{Bimal Roy}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestDirector}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Bimal}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1966 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:People from Dhamrai Upazila]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]

Keshav Maharaj

2026-03-26T05:36:59Z

BrianSop:

{{short description|South African cricketer (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Keshav Maharaj
| image = New face 6- Keshav Maharaj.jpg
| caption = Maharaj bowling for Yorkshire in 2019
| country = South Africa
| fullname = Keshav Athmanand Maharaj
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|02|07|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Durban]], [[Natal Province]], [[South Africa]]
| height = 178 cm
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = [[Slow left-arm orthodox]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2016–present

| testdebutdate = 3 November
| testdebutyear = 2016
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap = 327
| lasttestdate = 22 November
| lasttestyear = 2025
| lasttestagainst = India

| odidebutdate = 27 May
| odidebutyear = 2017
| odidebutagainst = England
| odicap = 120
| lastodidate = 6 December
| lastodiyear = 2025
| lastodiagainst = India
| odishirt = 16

| T20Idebutdate = 10 September
| T20Idebutyear = 2021
| T20Idebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| T20Icap = 94
| lastT20Idate = 25 March
| lastT20Iyear = 2026
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand
| T20Ishirt = 16

| club1 = [[KwaZulu-Natal cricket team|KwaZulu-Natal]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2006–present}}
| club2 = [[Dolphins (South African cricket team)|Dolphins]]
| year2 = {{nowrap|2009–present}}
| club3= [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
| year3 = 2018
| club4 = [[Durban Heat]]
| year4 = {{nowrap|2018–2021}}
| club5= [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]
| year5 = 2019
| club6 = [[Durban's Super Giants]]
| year6 = {{nowrap|2023–2025}}
| club7 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year7 = 2024
| club8 = [[Fortune Barishal]]
| year8 = 2024
| club9 = [[Pretoria Capitals]]
| year9 = 2025-present

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 62
| runs1= 1,334
| bat avg1= 15.33
| 100s/50s1= 0/6
| top score1= 84
| deliveries1 = 12,308
| wickets1 = 218
| bowl avg1 = 29.22
| fivefor1 = 12
| tenfor1 = 1
| best bowling1 = 9/129
| catches/stumpings1= 23/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 56
| runs2= 324
| bat avg2= 14.08
| 100s/50s2= 0/0
| top score2= 40
| deliveries2 = 2,885
| wickets2 = 73
| bowl avg2 = 31.12
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/33
| catches/stumpings2= 13/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3 = 54
| runs3= 107
| bat avg3= 8.91
| 100s/50s3= 0/0
| top score3= 41
| deliveries3 = 1,103
| wickets3 = 55
| bowl avg3 = 26.30
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 3/24
| catches/stumpings3= 15/–
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches4 = 170
| runs4= 4,252
| bat avg4= 20.05
| 100s/50s4= 2/18
| top score4= 114[[Not Out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 34,958
| wickets4 = 650
| bowl avg4 = 26.68
| fivefor4 = 40
| tenfor4 = 8
| best bowling4 = 9/129
| catches/stumpings4= 65/–
| date = 25 March 2026
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/267724.html ESPNcricinfo
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{RSA}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Test Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2023–2025 World Test Championship|2023–2025]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2024 Men's T20 World Cup|2024 West Indies & USA]]|}}
}}

'''Keshav Athmanand Maharaj''' (born 7 February 1990) is a South African professional [[cricket]]er. Maharaj represents the [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa national team]] in [[Test cricket|Tests]], [[One Day International|ODI]] and [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] cricket. He is currently the vice-captain of the team in [[limited overs cricket]]. Maharaj also captains [[Pretoria Capitals]] in the SA20.

He is a [[Left-arm orthodox spin|left-arm orthodox spin bowler]] and lower-order [[Batting (cricket)|batsman]]. He made his debut in [[first-class cricket]] for [[KwaZulu-Natal (cricket team)|KwaZulu-Natal]] in 2006 and Test debut for South Africa in November 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 November 2016|title=Keshav Maharaj: The foodie who smashed the colour barrier|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/keshav-maharaj-the-foodie-who-smashed-the-colour-barrier/story-SetIgXBTBHkkfAFBM7WnQP.html|access-date=14 September 2021|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref> He represents [[Dolphins (South African cricket team)|Dolphins]] in domestic cricket and [[Durban's Super Giants]] in [[SA20]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/keshav-maharaj-267724|title=Keshav Maharaj, profile|access-date=28 October 2023|publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>

Maharaj was a member of the South African team which won the [[2025 ICC World Test Championship final]], the second ICC title the country has won till date.

In September 2021, Maharaj captained South Africa for the first time in ODIs [[South African cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2021–22|against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-sri-lanka-2021-1271624/sri-lanka-vs-south-africa-2nd-odi-1271628/match-preview|title=South Africa need a spin intervention against improving Sri Lanka|work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=4 September 2011|access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> He also made his T20I debut against Sri Lanka in the same month while also captaining the team in his debut match.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mjikeliso|first=Sibusiso|title=Proteas skipper Keshav Maharaj on dream T20 debut: 'My team-mates made my job easy'|url=https://www.news24.com/sport/cricket/proteas/proteas-skipper-keshav-maharaj-on-dream-t20-debut-my-team-mates-made-my-job-easy-20210911|access-date=14 September 2021|website=News24}}</ref> Maharaj became the second bowler from South Africa to take a [[List of Test cricket hat-tricks|hat-trick in a Test match]] in June 2021 against [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/sport/cricket/proteas/keshav-maharaj-takes-sas-first-test-hat-trick-in-more-than-60-years-as-proteas-eye-victory-20210621|title=Keshav Maharaj takes SA's first Test hat-trick in more than 60 years as Proteas eye victory|work=News24 |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Maharaj was born on 7 February 1990 to Athmanand Maharaj and Kanchan Mala in [[Durban]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Cup 2023: World Hindu Congress Thanks Keshav Maharaj For Support Despite Absence From The November Event Due To WC Commitments|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/topnews/world-cup-2023-world-hindu-congress-thanks-keshav-maharaj-for-support-despite-absence-from-the-event-due-to-wc-commitments|access-date=10 November 2023|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> Maharaj is of [[Indian South Africans|Indian ancestry]], his great-grandfather hailed from [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh]], India and migrated to Durban in 1874 as an [[Indian indenture system|indentured labourer]].<ref name=mirror>{{cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/sport/cricket/forefathers-of-cricketer-keshav-maharaj-came-to-south-africa-as-indentured-labourers/articleshow/62492681.cms|title=Forefathers of cricketer Keshav Maharaj came to South Africa as indentured labourers - Mumbai Mirror|website=Mumbai Mirror|date=14 January 2018|access-date=27 October 2023}}</ref> His father played as a [[wicket keeper]] for [[KwaZulu-Natal (cricket team)|KwaZulu-Natal]]. He has a sister Tarisma Mahesan.<ref name=mirror/>

In April 2022, Maharaj married his longtime girlfriend Lerisha Munsamy, a [[kathak]] dancer.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/pak-vs-sa-meet-south-africa-spinner-keshav-maharajs-wife-lerisha-in-pics-pakistan-vs-south-africa-cricket-world-cup-2023-2680589|title=Meet South Africa Spinner Keshav Maharaj's Wife Lerisha|newspaper=Zee News|date=27 October 2023|access-date=27 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/aus-vs-sa-1st-test-meet-keshav-maharajs-gorgeous-wife-whos-a-bollywood-lover-and-a-kathak-dancer-2549603/keshav-maharajs-wife-lerisha-munsamy-is-a-kathak-dancer-2549607
|title=Keshav Maharaj's wife Lerisha is a kathak dancer|newspaper=Zee News|date=17 December 2022|access-date=27 October 2023}}</ref>

==Domestic career==
Maharaj made his [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut at the age of 16 for [[KwaZulu-Natal (cricket team)|KwaZulu-Natal]] during the 2006–07 season.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Keshav Maharaj lives his father's dream|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/firdose-moonda-meets-the-father-and-mentor-of-south-african-spinner-keshav-maharaj-1063370|access-date=14 September 2021|date=14 September 2021|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en}}</ref> In 2009-10, he represented the [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins team]].<ref name="Cricinfo"/> Maharaj toured [[Bangladesh]] with the [[South Africa A cricket team|South Africa A]] team in April–May 2010, taking 13 [[wicket]]s in the two four-day matches against [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]] team. He also took 4 for 12 off four overs, opening the [[Bowling (cricket)|bowling]], in one of the [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]] matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/South_Africa_Academy_in_Bangladesh_2010.html|title=South Africa Academy in Bangladesh 2010|website=CricketArchive|access-date=25 March 2015}}</ref> He also played for South Africa A against the touring [[Bangladesh A cricket team|Bangladesh A]] team in 2010–11.

In the 2012–13 domestic season, Maharaj has his best season with the bat when he made 481 first-class runs at an average of 48.1 including two centuries.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/142/142991/f_Batting_by_Season.html|title=Batting in each season by Keshav Maharaj|website=CricketArchive|access-date=25 March 2015}}</ref> He scored 114 runs off 119 balls and took 5 wickets in a match against [[Northerns cricket team|Northerns]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/454/454056.html|title = Northerns v KwaZulu-Natal 2012–13|website=CricketArchive|access-date = 25 March 2015}}</ref>

Maharaj played for Cuckfield in the Sussex Premier League in 2013, and as [[Nelson Cricket Club|Nelson's]] professional in the [[Lancashire League (cricket)|Lancashire League]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pendletoday.co.uk/sport/cricket/south-african-all-rounder-signs-as-nelson-s-pro-for-2015-season-1-7011106| title = South African all rounder signs as Nelson's pro for 2015 season| publisher = Pendle Today| access-date = 25 March 2015| archive-date = 3 April 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150403032708/http://www.pendletoday.co.uk/sport/cricket/south-african-all-rounder-signs-as-nelson-s-pro-for-2015-season-1-7011106| url-status = dead}}</ref> For Dolphins against the [[Cape Cobras cricket team|Cape Cobras]] in 2014–15, Maharaj took his best [[innings]] and match figures to that point: 6 for 58 and 10 for 145. Dolphins won, and he received the [[Man of the match#Cricket|man of the match award]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/649/649096.html| title = Cape Cobras v Dolphins 2014–15| website = CricketArchive| access-date = 25 March 2015}}</ref> He finished the season with 44 first-class wickets at an average of 26.18.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/142/142991/f_Bowling_by_Season.html| title = Bowling in each season by Keshav Maharaj| website = CricketArchive| access-date = 25 March 2015}}</ref> He was included in the [[KwaZulu-Natal cricket team|KwaZulu-Natal]] squad for the [[2015 Africa T20 Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/africa-t20-cup-2015-16/content/squad/910907.html|title=KwaZulu-Natal Squad Players|publisher=ESPN cricinfo|access-date=31 August 2015}}</ref>

In the first match of the [[2016–17 Sunfoil Series|2016–17 season]], playing for the Dolphins against the [[Warriors (cricket team)|Warriors]], Maharaj scored 72 then took 7 for 89 and 6 for 68 in an innings victory for the Dolphins, the first time he had taken seven wickets in an innings or 13 wickets in a match.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1003559.html| title = Warriors v Dolphins 2016–17| work = Cricinfo| access-date = 8 October 2016}}</ref>

In October 2018, Maharaj was named in [[Durban Heat]]'s squad for the [[2018 Mzansi Super League|first edition]] of the [[Mzansi Super League]] T20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sport24.co.za/Cricket/live-mzansi-super-league-player-draft-20181017 |title=Mzansi Super League - full squad lists |work=Sport24 |access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sport/cricket/domestic/mzansi-super-league-player-draft-the-story-so-far-17521199 |title=Mzansi Super League Player Draft: The story so far |work=Independent Online |access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> After appearing for [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] in 2018, Maharaj played five matches for [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] in the [[2019 County Championship]], taking 38 wickets at an [[Bowling average|average]] of 18.92, as the team finished in 5th place.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2020.|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]]|year=2020|isbn=978-1-4729-7288-0|editor-last=Booth|editor-first=Lawrence|editor-link=Lawrence Booth (cricket writer)|edition=157th|location=London, UK|pages=717|oclc=1105153124}}</ref> In September 2019, Maharaj was named in the squad for the [[Durban Heat]] team for the [[2019 Mzansi Super League]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricket.co.za/news/31555/MSL-20-announces-its-T20-squads |title=MSL 2.0 announces its T20 squads |work=Cricket South Africa |access-date=4 September 2019 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904081427/https://cricket.co.za/news/31555/MSL-20-announces-its-T20-squads |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2021, he was named in [[KwaZulu-Natal (cricket team)|KwaZulu-Natal]]'s squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricket.co.za/news/38184/CSA-reveals-Division-One-squads-for-2021-22 |title=CSA reveals Division One squads for 2021/22 |work=Cricket South Africa |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420104034/http://cricket.co.za/news/38184/CSA-reveals-Division-One-squads-for-2021-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 27 February 2023, he joined [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] on an overseas registration for the LV= County Championship and the Vitality t20 Blast competitions but was later forced to withdraw due to an [[achilles tendon]] injury.<ref name="Inj">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/64941070|publisher=BBC|title=Keshav Maharaj: South Africa spinner's Middlesex move ended by 'freak injury'|date=13 March 2022|access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>

Maharaj also played for [[Fortune Barishal]] in [[2024 Bangladesh Premier League]].

In the [[SA20]], Maharaj plays for and captains the [[Pretoria Capitals]], having previously captained the [[Durban's Super Giants]].<ref name="cricinfo121225">{{cite web |title=Keshav Maharaj to lead Pretoria Capitals at SA20 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/keshav-maharaj-to-lead-pretoria-capitals-at-sa20-1515428 |website=Cricinfo |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref>

==International career==
===Debut and early years===
In October 2016, Maharaj was named in South Africa's squad for their series [[South African cricket team in Australia in 2016–17|against Australia]]. He made his [[Test cricket|Test]] debut against the [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] on 3 November 2016 and picked up three wickets.<ref name="Test">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1000851.html |title=South Africa tour of Australia, 1st Test: Australia v South Africa at Perth, Nov 3-7, 2016 |access-date=3 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was the first [[Glossary of cricket terms#specialist|specialist]] [[Spin bowling|spinner]] to make his Test debut at [[WACA Ground|Perth]].<ref name="1Testday1">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1064616.html|title=Maharaj - first spin debutant at Perth |access-date=3 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

On 10 March 2017, Maharaj took his maiden five-wicket haul in Tests [[South African cricket team in New Zealand in 2016–17#1st Test|against New Zealand]].<ref name="Maiden5">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-south-africa-2016-17/content/story/1086201.html|title=Honours even after Williamson's hundred|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref> This was only the seventh five-for by a South African spinner in Tests against New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-south-africa-2016-17/content/story/1086246.html |title=A rare hundred, a rarer five-for|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref> In April 2017, Maharaj was named in South Africa's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[South African cricket team in England in 2017|against England]] and the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]].<ref name="SAODI">{{cite news |title=South Africa picks Morkel for ICC Champions Trophy 2017|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/373576 |work=International Cricket Council|date=19 April 2017|access-date=19 April 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Champ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/1093328.html |title=Morkel, Maharaj in South Africa squad |access-date=19 April 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his ODI debut for South Africa against England on 27 May 2017.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1031427.html |title=South Africa tour of England, 2nd ODI: England v South Africa at Southampton, May 27, 2017 |access-date=27 May 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In May 2017, Maharaj was named International Newcomer of the Year at [[Cricket South Africa]]'s annual awards.<ref name="awards">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/1097632.html |title=De Kock dominates South Africa's awards |access-date=14 May 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In October 2017, he took his 50th wicket in Tests, during the first Test [[Bangladeshi cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18|against Bangladesh]].<ref name="Maharaj50">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10904/preview/1075503/ |title=New-look SA attack takes on weakened tourists |access-date=5 October 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

===Middle years===
In July 2018, during [[South African cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2018#2nd Test|the second Test match against Sri Lanka]], Maharaj registered his best Test bowling figures in an innings of 9 for 129 and also registered the best ever bowling figures in a Test innings by a visiting bowler in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/keshav-maharaj-stuns-sl-with-8116-727870|title=Keshav Maharaj stuns SL with 8/116|date=20 July 2018|work=Cricket Country|access-date=20 July 2018|language=en-us}}</ref> He also recorded the best ever bowling figures in a Test innings by a South African in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sacricketmag.com/maharaj-topples-sri-lanka/|title=SL 277-9: Keshav Maharaj's eight wickets throttles Sri Lanka|date=20 July 2018|work=SA Cricket|access-date=20 July 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/103213/live-cricket-score-sri-lanka-vs-south-africa-2nd-test-day-1-colombo|title=Live Cricket Score: Sri Lanka vs South Africa, 2nd Test, Day 1, Colombo, Maharaj creates historical moment with 8 wicket haul|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=20 July 2018|language=en}}</ref> His figures of 9 for 129 are the second-best bowling figures by a South African in an innings of a Test after [[Hugh Tayfield]] and the best Test bowling figures by a South African since readmission to international cricket in 1991.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24154462/south-africa-second-best|title=Maharaj's nine-for: South Africa's second-best|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;team=3;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings|title=Bowling records|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref> He became the second left-arm spinner, after [[Rangana Herath]], to claim 9 wickets in a test innings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?bowling_hand=2;bowling_pacespin=2;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings|title=Bowling records, statsguru|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, Maharaj was named in South Africa's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for the one-off match against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], but he did not play in the fixture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/805967 |title=Chance for South Africa to finish Sri Lanka tour on a high |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref> In October 2019, during the [[South African cricket team in India in 2019–20|series against India]], Maharaj took his 100th wicket in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/sports/cricket/keshav-maharaj-gets-his-100th-wicket-dismissing-ajinkya-rahane-during-ind-vs-sa-2nd-test-2019-day-2-1257967.html |title=Keshav Maharaj Gets His 100th Wicket Dismissing Ajinkya Rahane During IND vs SA, 2nd Test 2019 Day 2 |work=Latestly |access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>

In November 2020, Maharaj was named in South Africa's squad for their [[limited overs cricket|limited overs]] series [[English cricket team in South Africa in 2020–21|against England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30265770/england-tour-south-africa-2020-uncapped-glenton-stuurnman-south-africa-white-ball-squads |title=Uncapped Glenton Stuurnman in South Africa white-ball squads |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricket.co.za/news/36453/CSA-name-Proteas-squad-for-inbound-England-tour |title=CSA name Proteas squad for inbound England tour |work=Cricket South Africa |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126145358/https://cricket.co.za/news/36453/CSA-name-Proteas-squad-for-inbound-England-tour |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 21 June 2021, Maharaj took South Africa's second ever [[Test hat-trick]], and first since [[Geoff Griffin]] at [[Lord's]] in 1960, during the fourth day of the second Test match of [[South African cricket team in the West Indies in 2021|South Africa's tour of the West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/cricket/keshav-maharaj-becomes-first-south-african-to-take-a-test-hat-trick-since-1960-achieves-feat-during-wi-vs-sa-2nd-test-day-4-2571229.html|title=Keshav Maharaj Becomes First South African to Take a Test Hat-Trick Since 1960, Achieves Feat During WI vs SA 2nd Test Day 4 |work=Latestly |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportstiger.com/watch-keshav-maharaj-takes-hat-trick-against-west-indies-in-second-test-becomes-2nd-south-african-to-accomplish-this-feat/|title=Keshav Maharaj takes hat-trick against West Indies in second Test, becomes 2nd South African to accomplish this feat |work=Sports Tiger |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref> In September 2021, Maharaj was named in South Africa's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] despite being uncapped in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-south-africa-leave-out-faf-du-plessis-and-imran-tahir-and-chris-morris-1276995 |title=T20 World Cup: South Africa leave out Faf du Plessis, Imran Tahir and Chris Morris |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Morris, du Plessis miss out, Maharaj included in South Africa's T20 World Cup squad|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2247211|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en}}</ref> He made his T20I debut on 10 September 2021, for South Africa against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] as the team's captain,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1271630.html |title=1st T20I (N), Colombo (RPS), Sep 10 2021, South Africa tour of Sri Lanka |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> and took a [[List of bowlers who have taken a wicket with their first ball in a format of international cricket#Wicket with first ball in T20I career|wicket with his first ball]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2248299 |title=Collective effort helps South Africa take 1-0 series lead |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> He also helped South Africa win the series 3-0 after South Africa lost the ODI series to Sri Lanka 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Openers demolish Sri Lanka after bowling strangle as South Africa sweep series|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-in-sri-lanka-2021-1271624/sri-lanka-vs-south-africa-3rd-t20i-1271632/match-report|access-date=14 September 2021|website=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

===Injury and return===
In March 2023, Maharaj ruptured his [[achilles tendon]] during a match against West Indies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/12/cricket-south-africas-keshav-maharaj-ruptures-achilles-while-celebrating-wicket|title=South Africa's Keshav Maharaj ruptures achilles while celebrating wicket|date=12 March 2023|publisher=Guardian|access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref> In September 2023, Maharaj was named in the South African squad for the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]] in India after making a sooner than expected recovery from his injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sa-vs-aus-4th-odi-the-story-of-keshav-maharaj-s-miracle-comeback-1398304|title=The story of Keshav Maharaj's miracle comeback|date=14 September 2023|access-date=14 September 2023|publisher=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3671418|title=South Africa unveil squad for World Cup 2023|date=5 September 2023|publisher=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref> He was the lead spinner in the team and extracted drift, turn and bounce from the pitch and was one of the most economical bowlers in the tournament with an [[economy rate]] of 4.15.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Abhishek |date=16 November 2023 |title=South Africa's Keshav Maharaj Delay Shows The Perils Of Match-Up Captaincy |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-cricket-world-cup-2023-24/cricket-news/cwc-2023-south-africa-keshav-maharaj-delay-australia-semi-final-sa-aus |access-date=1 April 2025 |publisher=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2 November 2023|title=Cricket World Cup: Keshav Maharaj spins a web to accelerate New Zealand collapse and ends South Africa's 5-match losing streak to them |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket-world-cup/cricket-world-cup-keshav-maharaj-spins-a-web-to-accelerate-new-zealand-collapse-and-ends-south-africas-5-match-losing-streak-to-them-9009802/|access-date=16 November 2023|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> He also contributed with the bat including a tenth wicket partnership with [[Tabraiz Shamsi]] leading to a win against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] during a group stage fixture at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keshav Maharaj caps unlikely World Cup comeback with cathartic winning role |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-world-cup-2023-pak-vs-sa-keshav-maharaj-caps-unlikely-world-cup-comeback-with-cathartic-winning-role-1405755|access-date=16 November 2023|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en}}</ref> In November 2023, during the 2023 world cup, he became the number one bowler in [[ICC men's player rankings|ICC ODI bowling rankings]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waris |first=Sarah |date=14 November 2023 |title=ICC Rankings Update: Keshav Maharaj Jumps To No.1 Ahead Of World Cup Semi-Finals |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-cricket-world-cup-2023-24/cricket-news/icc-rankings-update-keshav-maharaj-no-1-world-cup-semi-finals |access-date=1 April 2025 |publisher=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh |first=Niyanta|date=16 November 2023|title=SA cricketer's father over the moon as his son's determination pays off |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/witness/news/sa-cricketers-father-over-the-moon-as-his-sons-determination-pays-off/|access-date=16 November 2023|publisher=Citizen|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2024, he was named in South Africa’s squad for the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Squad for ICC Men's T20I World Cup |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/south-africa-squad-for-t20-world-cup |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=ScoreWaves |language=en}}</ref>

On 19 August 2025, Maharaj took his first 5-wicket haul in One Day International cricket, against Australia at [[Cazaly's Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-sa-1st-odi-keshav-maharaj-responds-to-t20i-snub-with-statement-white-ball-display-1499771|title=Maharaj shakes off T20I snub with statement white-ball display|publisher=[[ESPNCricinfo]]|date=19 August 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{Navboxes
|title= South Africa squads
|bg= #007749
|fg= #FFB81C
|bordercolor=#FFB81C
|list1=
{{South Africa Squad 2016 World Twenty20}}
{{South Africa Squad 2021 Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{South Africa Squad 2022 Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{South Africa 2023 Cricket World Cup squad}}
{{South Africa Squad 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{South Africa 2025 ICC World Test Championship squad}}
{{South Africa Squad 2026 Men's T20 World Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharaj, Keshav}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Durban]]
[[Category:Dolphins (South African cricket team) players]]
[[Category:Durban Heat cricketers]]
[[Category:Durban's Super Giants cricketers]]
[[Category:KwaZulu-Natal cricketers]]
[[Category:Lancashire cricketers]]
[[Category:South African expatriate cricketers in England]]
[[Category:South African cricketers]]
[[Category:South Africa Test cricketers]]
[[Category:South Africa One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:South Africa Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century South African sportsmen]]
[[Category:South African Hindus]]
[[Category:South African people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Yorkshire cricketers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Northwood School, Durban]]
[[Category:People from eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality]]
[[Category:Test cricket hat-trick takers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:South African expatriate cricketers in India]]

Hinglish

2026-03-19T20:56:26Z

BrianSop: minor edit

{{Short description|Mixing of Hindi and English spoken in India}}
{{Distinguish|Devanagari transliteration|Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}

'''Hinglish''' is the [[Macaronic language|macaronic]] hybrid use of [[colloquial Hindi]] and [[Indian English|English]].<ref name="CSM">{{Cite news |date=2004-11-23 |title=A Hindi-English jumble, spoken by 350 million |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1123/p01s03-wosc.html |first=Scott|last= Baldauf|access-date=2022-09-24 |issn=0882-7729}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |title=Hindi, Hinglish: Head to Head |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/world-policy-journal/article-abstract/29/2/97/78965/Hindi-Hinglish-Head-to-Head |access-date=2023-10-29 |journal=World Policy Journal|date=2012 |doi=10.1177/0740277512451519 |last1=Vajpeyi |first1=Ananya |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=97–103 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":3">Salwathura, A. N. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anusha-Salwathura/publication/346595689_EVOLUTIONARY_DEVELOPMENT_OF_'HINGLISH'_LANGUAGE_WITHIN_THE_INDIAN_SUB-CONTINENT/links/5fc8df9aa6fdcc697bd861a3/EVOLUTIONARY-DEVELOPMENT-OF-HINGLISH-LANGUAGE-WITHIN-THE-INDIAN-SUB-CONTINENT.pdf Evolutionary development of ‘hinglish’language within the indian sub-continent.]" ''International Journal of Research-GRANTHAALAYAH''. Vol. 8. No. 11. Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2020. 41-48.</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Vanita |first=Ruth |date=2009-04-01 |title=Eloquent Parrots; Mixed Language and the Examples of Hinglish and Rekhti |url=https://scholarworks.umt.edu/libstudies_pubs/2 |journal=International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter |issue=50 |pages=16–17}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Rajendra |date=1985-01-01 |title=Modern Hindustani and Formal and Social Aspects of Language Contact |url=https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/itl.70.02sin |journal=ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=33–60 |doi=10.1075/itl.70.02sin |issn=0019-0829|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Its name is a [[portmanteau]] of the words ''Hindi'' and ''[[English language|English]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniyal |first=Shoaib |title=The rise of Hinglish: How the media created a new lingua franca for India's elites |url=https://scroll.in/article/840341/the-rise-of-hinglish-how-the-media-created-a-new-lingua-franca-for-indias-elites |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Scroll.in |date=18 June 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> In [[spoken language|spoken]] contexts, it typically involves [[code-switching]] or [[translanguaging]] between these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |date=2006-11-08 |title=It's Hinglish, innit? |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6122072.stm |first=Sean|last=Coughlan|access-date=2022-09-24|work=BBC News Magazine}}</ref>

In [[written language|written]] contexts, Hinglish colloquially refers to '''Romanised Hindi'''—Hindustani written in [[Roman script]] (i.e., [[English alphabet]]), instead of the traditional scripts such as [[Devanagari]] or [[Nastaliq]]—often with English [[Lexicon|lexical]] borrowings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com:443/himachal-pradesh/mandi-hinglish-is-taking-place-in-hindi-and-english-18693872.html|title=Mandi Hinglish is taking place in Hindi and English|access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Palakodety">{{Citation |last1=Palakodety |first1=Shriphani |title=Low Resource Machine Translation |date=2021 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5625-5_5 |work=Low Resource Social Media Text Mining |pages=7–9 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Singapore |isbn=978-981-16-5624-8 |access-date=2022-09-24 |last2=KhudaBukhsh |first2=Ashiqur R. |last3=Jayachandran |first3=Guha|series=SpringerBriefs in Computer Science |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-5625-5_5 |s2cid=244313560 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The word ''Hinglish'' was first recorded in 1967.<ref name="Lambert, James 2018">Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 25. {{doi| 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam}}</ref> Other colloquial portmanteau words for Hindustani-influenced English include: ''Hindish'' (recorded from 1972), ''Hindlish'' (1985), ''Henglish'' (1993) and ''Hinlish'' (2013).<ref name="Lambert, James 2018"/>

In present-day, Hinglish has become the de facto style of Hindustani spoken in urban areas of northern India as well as contemporary [[Bollywood]], to the extent that even nouns and verbs that have native colloquial equivalents are often replaced with English words.

In modern-day India, since English is perceived as the [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestige language]] over Indian languages by common people, Hinglish subsequently is perceived as the [[Covert prestige|high prestige variety]] (H) of spoken Hindi, while [[vernacular]] Hindustani (without English influence) is perceived low variety (L) of spoken Hindi.

== Outside India ==

=== Pakistan ===

When [[Hindi]]–[[Urdu]] is viewed as a single spoken language ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]), the portmanteaus Hinglish and [[Urdish]] may mean the same [[Code-mixing|code-mixed tongue]], though the latter term is commonly used in Pakistan to precisely refer to a mixture of English with the Urdu [[sociolect]].<ref name="Coleman2014">{{cite book |last1=Coleman |first1=Julie |title=Global English Slang: Methodologies and Perspectives |date=10 January 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-93476-9 |page=130 |language=en |quote=Within India, however, other regional forms exist, all denoting a mixing of English with indigenous languages. ''Bonglish'' (derived from the slang term ''Bong'' 'a Bengali') or ''Benglish'' refers to 'a mixture of Bengali and English', ''Gunglish'' or ''Gujlish'' 'Gujarati + English', ''Kanglish'' 'Kannada + English', ''Manglish'' 'Malayalam + English', ''Marlish'' 'Marathi + English', ''Tamlish'' or ''Tanglish'' 'Tamil + English' and ''Urdish'' 'Urdu + English'. These terms are found in texts on regional variations of Indian English, usually in complaint-tradition discussions of failing standards of language purity.}}</ref>

=== Beyond South Asia ===

While the term ''Hinglish'' is based on the prefix of ''Hindi'', it does not refer exclusively to [[Modern Standard Hindi]], but is used in the [[Indian subcontinent]] with other [[Indo-Aryan languages]] as well, and also by "[[British South Asian]] families to enliven standard English".<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="toi">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/citizen-journalists/citizen-journalists-reports/nishath-rahman/Hinglish-is-the-new-NRI-and-global-language/articleshow/46094811.cms | title=Hinglish is the new NRI and global language | newspaper=The Times of India | date=2 February 2015 | access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref>

==Example==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Comparison of different modern [[Kauravi dialect|Khadiboli]] registers using the same sentence
|-
! Language
! Sentence (in roman script)
! Remarks
|-
| English
| The clouds of our country shower blessings on this land.
|
|-
| [[Hindi|Modern Standard Hindi]]
| ''Hamaare rashtra ke megh is bhumi par vardaan varshaate hain.''
([[Devanagari]]: हमारे राष्ट्र के मेघ इस भूमि पर वरदान वर्षाते हैं।)
| Highly [[Sanskritisation|Sanskritised]] variety with [[tatsama]] loanwords, preferred for formal purposes by followers of [[Dharmic religions]].
|-
| [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| ''Hamaare des ke baadal is dharti par barkat barsaate hain.''
| Colloquial variety with native [[tadbhava]] vocabulary, with moderate number of loanwords from [[Persian language|Persian]] and to a lesser extent from [[Arabic language|Arabic]].
|-
| Hinglish/[[Urdish]]
| ''Hamaari '''country''' ke '''clouds''' is '''land''' par '''blessings''' '''shower''' karte hain.''
| Heavy [[code-mixing]] with English words and phrases.
|-
| [[Urdu|Standard Urdu]]
| ''Hamaare mulk ke abr is zameen par rehmat naazil karte hain.''
([[Nastaliq]]: ہمارے ملک کے ابر اس زمین پر رحمت نازل کرتے ہیں۔)
| Highly [[Arabization|Arabised]] and [[Persianization|Persianised]] variety, preferred for formal purposes by followers of [[Islam]].
|}

==History and evolution==

=== Background ===
Hindustani has an approximately [[History of Hindustani|ten-century history]]. In this period, it has accommodated several linguistic influences. Contact with [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]], [[Pali]], [[Apabhraṃśa]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]] and [[Turkic languages]] has led to historical 'mixes' or fusions, e.g., [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]], [[Rekhta]]. Linguistic fusions were celebrated by Bhakti poets, in approximately the 15th-17th centuries as 'khichdi boli' – or amalgamated speech.{{sfn|Bhatia|2012|p=37}}

=== Colonial era ===
{{See also|Hindustani etymology#English}}
At the turn of the 18th century, with the rising dominion of the [[East India Company]], also called 'Company Raj' (literally, 'Company Rule'), the languages of India were brought into contact with the foreign element of English. In colonized India, English became a symbol of authority and a powerful hegemonic tool to propagate British culture, including Christianity.<ref>{{cite book |last= Mukherjee |first= Alok |date= 18 October 2009 |title= This Gift of English |publisher = Orient Blackswan Pvt. Ltd. |page = 175 |isbn = 978-8125036012}}</ref> The political ascendancy of the British extended into social and professional roles; this meant that the legal proceedings, as well as the studies in medicine and science, were conducted in English.

This led to an interest in the promotion of English into the society of Indian natives. Educated Indians, or 'brown sahibs', wished to participate in academia and pursue professional careers. Raja Rammohan Roy, a social and education reformer, advocated that English be taught to Indians by certain British gentlemen for the benefit and instruction of the native Indians.<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IgEEptNmwEwC&dq=the+history+of+hinglish&pg=PA1 |title=The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions, and Models of Non-native Englishes. |publisher= The University of Illinois Press |page = 7 |author= Braj Kachru|isbn=9780252061721 |year=1986 }}</ref> Charles Grant, the president of the East India Company's board of control, championed the cause of English education as a 'cure for darkness' where 'darkness' was 'Hindoo ignorance'. The Charter Act was passed in 1813. This legalized missionary work by the company, including the introduction of English education.<ref>{{cite book |last= Mukherjee |first= Alok |date= 18 October 2009 |title= This Gift of English |publisher = Orient Blackswan Pvt. Ltd. |pages = 114–116 |isbn=978-8125036012}}</ref> By the beginning of the twentieth century, English had become the unifying language in the Indian struggle for independence against the British.

Meanwhile, English was on its way to becoming the first global lingua franca. By the end of the twentieth century, it had special status in seventy countries, including India.<ref>{{cite book |last= Crystal |first= David |date= 1 March 1997 |title= English as a Global Language |publisher = Cambridge University Press |pages = 1–2}}</ref> Worldwide, English began to represent modernization and internationalization, with more and more jobs requiring basic fluency in it.<ref>{{cite web |author=Power |first=Carla |author-link=Carla Power |date=3 March 2005 |title=Not the Queen's English |url=https://www.newsweek.com/not-queens-english-114797 |website=Newsweek |publisher=}}</ref> In India especially, the language came to acquire a social prestige, 'a class apart of education', which prompted native Indian or South Asian speakers to turn bilingual, speaking their mother tongue at home or in a local context, but English in academic or work environments.<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IgEEptNmwEwC&dq=the+history+of+hinglish&pg=PA1 |title=The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions, and Models of Non-native Englishes. |publisher= The University of Illinois Press |page = 1|author= Braj Kachru|isbn=9780252061721 |year=1986 }}</ref>

In the late 19th century, [[Bharatendu Harishchandra]], often considered the father of modern Hindi, wrote poems in Hinglish, combining languages and scripts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |title=What today's Hindi supremacists could learn from a 'Hinglish' poem by 'the father of modern Hindi' |url=https://scroll.in/article/1032766/what-todays-hindi-supremacists-could-learn-from-a-hinglish-poem-by-the-father-of-modern-hindi |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Scroll.in |date=14 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The contact of [[Languages of South Asia|'South Asian' languages]], which is a category that refers inclusively to Hindi and Indian languages, with English, led to the emergence of the linguistic phenomenon now known as Hinglish. Many common Indic words such as 'pyjamas', 'karma', 'guru' and 'yoga' were incorporated into English usage, and vice versa ('road', 'sweater', and 'plate'). This is in parallel with several other similar hybrids around the world, like [[Spanglish]] (Spanish + English) and [[Taglish]] (Tagalog + English). A fair share of the words borrowed into English from Indian languages were themselves borrowed from [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic]]. An example of this is the widely used [[English language|English]] word 'pyjamas' which originates from Persian ''paejamah'', literally "leg clothing," from ''pae'' "leg" (from PIE root *ped- "foot") + ''jamah'' "clothing, garment."<ref>{{Cite web |title=pajamas {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of pajamas by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/pajamas |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Contemporary era ===
[[File:Kismet-1943-movie-poster.jpg|thumb|230x230px|A poster for the 1943 [[Bollywood]] film [[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]], which features the movie's name written in Roman, Devanagari, and Urdu scripts. (in [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]: qismat)]]
In recent years, due to an increase in literacy and connectivity, the interchange of languages has reached new heights, especially due to increasing online immersion. English is the most widely used language on the internet, and this is a further impetus to the use of Hinglish online by native Hindi speakers, especially among the youth. Google's Gboard mobile keyboard app gives an option of Hinglish as a typing language where one can type a Hindi sentence in the Roman script and suggestions will be Hindi words but in the Roman script. In 2021, Google rolled out support for Romanized Hindi on its search engine and on the [[Google Pay (mobile app)|Google Pay]] app. Phrases such as "Naya Payment" for "New Payment" and "Transaction History Dekhein" for "See Transaction History" are used.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-04 |title=Google Pay Hinglish? Yes, it exists! Here's how to enable it on iPhones and Android devices |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/how-to/google-pay-hinglish-yes-it-exists-here-s-to-how-to-enable-it-on-iphones-and-android-devices-71654360794586.html |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=HT Tech |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2021 |title=Google users will soon be able to interact in Hinglish |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/google-users-will-soon-be-able-to-interact-in-hinglish/articleshow/87789776.cms |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-18 |title=Google for India 2021: Stepping up product focus to drive digital inclusion in India |url=https://blog.google/intl/en-in/company-news/outreach-initiatives/google-india-2021-stepping-product-focus-drive-digital-inclusion-india/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Google |language=en-in}}</ref>

While Hinglish has arisen from the presence of English in India, it is not merely Hindi and English spoken side by side, but a language type in itself, like all linguistic fusions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhatia |first=Tej K. |date=March 1987 |title=English in advertising: multiple mixing and media |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1987.tb00175.x |journal=World Englishes |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=33–48 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-971X.1987.tb00175.x |issn=0883-2919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Aside from the borrowing of vocabulary, there is the phenomenon of switching between languages, called [[code-switching]] and [[code-mixing]], direct translations, adapting certain words, and infusing the flavours of each language into each other.{{sfn|Bhatia|2012|p=39}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sailaja |first=P. |date=2011-10-01 |title=Hinglish: code-switching in Indian English |url=https://academic.oup.com/eltj/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/elt/ccr047 |journal=ELT Journal |language=en |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=473–480 |doi=10.1093/elt/ccr047 |issn=0951-0893|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The Indian English variety, or simply Hinglish, is the Indian adaption of English in a very [[Endocentric and exocentric|endocentric]] manner, which is why it is popular among the youth. Like other dynamic language mixes, Hinglish is now thought to 'have a life of its own'.<ref>{{cite book |last= Agnihotri |first= Ramakant |date= 18 October 2009 |title= Indian English |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan |page = 212 |isbn = 9780230220393}}</ref>

Hinglish used to be limited to informal contexts and ads, but it is now also used in university classrooms.<ref>{{Cite web |first=B. K. |last=Mishra |date=December 22, 2014 |title='Hinglish' rules the university classrooms |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/hinglish-rules-the-university-classrooms/articleshow/45608941.cms |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Ashutosh |last=Shukla |date=31 May 2018 |title=Has Hinglish arrived? MP allows it in exams |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/has-hinglish-arrived-mp-allows-it-in-exams/articleshow/64394351.cms |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Computational analysis==
With its widespread use in social media such as blogs, Facebook and X (formerly Twitter), the analysis of Hinglish using computers has become important in a number of [[Natural Language Processing|natural language processing]] applications like [[Machine Translation|machine translation]] (MT) and speech-to-speech translation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Amitava |last2=Gambäck |first2=Björn |date=2015 |title=Code-Mixing in Social Media Text: The Last Language Identification Frontier? |url=https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/2391067 |journal=41-64 |issn=1965-0906}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bali |first1=Kalika |last2=Sharma |first2=Jatin |last3=Choudhury |first3=Monojit |last4=Vyas |first4=Yogarshi |date=October 2014 |title="I am borrowing ya mixing ?" An Analysis of English-Hindi Code Mixing in Facebook |url=https://aclanthology.org/W14-3914 |journal=Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching |location=Doha, Qatar |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |pages=116–126 |doi=10.3115/v1/W14-3914|s2cid=15066638 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Users==
{{See also|Hindustani orthography}}
Hinglish is more commonly heard in urban and semi-urban centers of [[North India|northern India]].<ref name=lingua>{{cite journal |last1=Thakur |first1= Saroj|last2=Dutta |first2=Kamlesh|last3=Thakur|first3=Aushima |year= 2007|title=Hinglish: Code switching, code mixing and indigenization in multilingual environment |journal=Lingua et Linguistica|volume=1 |issue= 2|pages=112–6 |publisher=Journal of Language and Linguistics|editor1-first=Graeme |editor1-last=Davis|editor2-first=Karl |editor2-last=Bernhardt|isbn= 978-1-84799-129-4}}</ref> It is also spoken to some extent as an easier-to-learn variant of Hindi by [[South Indians]] and members of the [[South Asian diaspora]] who are more comfortable with English.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shanker |first=Sadhna |title=Meanwhile: A mix of Hindi, English and 350 million speakers |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=11 January 2005 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/11/opinion/meanwhile-a-mix-of-hindi-english-and-350-million-speakers.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kothari |first1=Rita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4tmwFFhoAEC&pg=PA106 |title=Chutnefying English: The Phenomenon of Hinglish |last2=Snell |first2=Rupert |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341639-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganesan Ram |first=Sharmila |date=7 May 2017 |title=Hinglish gets the most laughs, say Mumbai's standup comics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hinglish-gets-the-most-laughs-say-mumbais-standup-comics/articleshow/58555949.cms |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Research into the linguistic dynamics of India shows that while the use of English is on the rise, there are more people fluent in Hinglish than in pure English.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/the-rise-and-rise-of-hinglish-in-india-53476|title=The rise and rise of Hinglish|work=The Conversation|date=11 February 2016|author=Vineeta Chand}}</ref> [[David Crystal]], a British linguist at the [[University of Wales]], projected in 2004 that at about 350 million, the world's Hinglish speakers may soon outnumber [[first language|native English speakers]].<ref name="CSM"/>

In India, Romanised Hindi is the dominant form of expression online. In an analysis of [[YouTube]] comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in [[Devanagari]] Hindi.<ref name="Palakodety"/> Romanised Hindi is also used by some newspapers such as ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=MHAISKAR |first=RAHUL |title=Romanagari an Alternative for Modern Media Writings |date=2015 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26264736 |journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute |volume=75 |pages=195–202 |jstor=26264736 |issn=0045-9801}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-05 |title=Hindi-shindi: Humari national bhasha ko promote karne ki koi need nahi hai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/jugglebandhi/hindi-shindi |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Times of India Blog |language=hi}}</ref> The first novel written in this format, ''All We Need Is Love'', was published in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Shivalika |last=Bhateja|title=Tricity gives birth to first novel in Hinglish |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/tricity-gives-birth-to-first-novel-in-hinglish/articleshow/46569733.cms |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Times of India |date=15 March 2015 |language=en}}</ref> Romanised Hindi has been supported by advertisers in part because it allows a message to be conveyed in a neutral script to both Hindi and Urdu speakers.<ref>Lunn, David J. ''[https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15640/1/Lunn_3452.pdf Looking for common ground: aspects of cultural production in Hindi/Urdu], 1900-1947''. Diss. SOAS, University of London, 2012.</ref> Other reasons for adoption of Romanised Hindi are the prevalence of Roman-script digital keyboards and corresponding lack of Indic-script keyboards in most mobile phones.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillalamarri |first=Akhilesh |title=The Story of India's Many Scripts |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-story-of-indias-many-scripts/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Hinglish has become increasingly accepted at the governmental level in India as an alternative to [[Sanskritisation (language)|Sanskritised]] Hindi; in 2011, the Home Ministry gave permission to officials to use English words in their Hindi notes, so long as they are written in Devanagari script.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-10-14 |title=Hinglish is official |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/hinglish-is-official/articleshow/10344316.cms |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayanaswami |first=Plain Speaking {{!}} V. R. |date=2011-10-25 |title=Hinglish gains respectability |url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/NpMhhFGg7Qp9VFA8MoAQ1O/Hinglish-gains-respectability.html |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-05 |title=Government will now prefer 'hinglish' words over Hindi translation-India News|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/government-will-now-prefer-hinglish-words-over-hindi-translation-148557.html |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Languages}}
{{col div|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Creole language]]
* ''[[Hobson-Jobson]]''
* [[Translanguaging]]
* [[Englishization]]{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |last=Bhatia|first=Tej K.|editor-last1=Kothari|editor-first1=Rita|editor-first2=Rupert|editor-last2=Snell |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1132330043 |title=Chutnefying English: the Phenomenon of Hinglish |date=2012 |publisher=Penguin Global |chapter=The multilingual mind, optimization theory, and Hinglish|pages=37–52|isbn=978-81-8475-408-7 |oclc=1132330043}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|Hinglish}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6575473|title=Practicing 'The Queen's Hinglish' in Central England|publisher=NPR|date=4 December 2006|author=Rob Gifford, Baljinder Mahal}}

{{Interlanguage varieties}}{{Languages of South Asia}}

[[Category:Hinglish|*]]
[[Category:Hindi]]
[[Category:Central Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Macaronic forms of English]]
[[Category:Indian English]]
[[Category:Languages of the Indian diaspora]]

Sanjay Leela Bhansali

2026-03-15T15:27:26Z

BrianSop: formatting fix

{{short description|Indian filmmaker (born 1963)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjay Leela Bhansali
| image = Sanjay Leela Bhansali.jpg
| caption = Bhansali in 2021
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1963|02|24}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Filmmaker|music composer}}
| years active = 1996{{ndash}}present
| organisation =
| relatives = [[Sharmin Segal]] (niece)
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Sanjay Leela Bhansali|Full list]]
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2015)
| signature = Autograph of Sanjay Leela Bhansali, an Indian film director and producer 2013-11-14 22-39.JPG
}}
'''Sanjay Navin Bhansali'''{{Efn|Wikipedia uses legal name for a subject's introduction. Bhansali's production company and his director profile registered with Ministry of Corporate Affairs have his name as '''Sanjay Navin Bhansali'''}} (born 24 February 1963), professionally known as '''Sanjay Leela Bhansali''',{{Efn|{{IPA|gu|ˈsəndʒeː ˈlilɑ ˈbʱəɳsɑli}}. In this [[Indian name]], ''Leela'' is a [[matronymic]] and the [[Surname|family name]] is ''Bhansali''.<ref name="Rendezvous">{{cite episode |last=Garewal |first=Simi |author-link=Simi Garewal |date=2002|title= Rendezvous with Simi Garewal Sanjay Leela Bhansali & Mother |series=Rendezvous with Simi Garewal |medium=television production |publisher=[[STAR World]]}}</ref>}} is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, editor and music composer, who works in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Tasnim |first=Zarin |date=24 February 2023 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali: The Master of Grandeur |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/sanjay-leela-bhansali-the-master-grandeur-3255556 |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Sanjay Leela Bhansali|several awards]], including seven [[National Film Awards]] and thirteen [[Filmfare Awards]], in addition to a [[BAFTA Award]] nomination.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2003/film|title=Film in 2003 {{!}} BAFTA Awards|website=awards.bafta.org|access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> In 2015, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian award. Bhansali is best known for his use of aesthetics and musical vision, particularly in [[Period drama|period dramas]].

Bhansali made his directorial debut with the romantic musical ''[[Khamoshi: The Musical]]'' (1996). He gained both mainstream and critical success with the romantic dramas ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' (1999) and ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002), the latter of which won the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]], and was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language]].<ref name=":1" /> He won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] for directing the drama ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' (2005). His subsequent releases ''[[Saawariya]]'' (2007) and [[Guzaarish (film)|''Guzaarish'']] (2010) were box-office flops. The latter film marked his debut as a music composer. He also began producing under his banner Bhansali Productions.<ref name="Bhansali bio2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/06director.htm|title=OSO-Saawariya rivalry: May the best director win|date=6 November 2007|website=[[Rediff.com]]|author=Verma, Sukanya|access-date=14 March 2008}}</ref>

Bhansali reinforced his status with the romantic tragedy ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' (2013), and top-grossing period dramas ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015) and ''[[Padmaavat]]'' (2018). He won the [[National Film Award for Best Direction]] for ''Bajirao Mastani'' and the [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]] for ''Padmaavat''. He has since directed the biopic ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' (2022), winning further National and Filmfare Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Gangubai Kathiawadi Emerges A HIT |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6690 |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2022 |website=[[Box Office India]] |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314192524/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6690 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gangubai Kathiawadi out on OTT: When and where to watch the Alia Bhatt movie |date=26 April 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gangubai-kathiawadi-ott-release-alia-bhatt-sanjay-leela-bhansali-when-and-where-to-watch-7888308/ |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=24 December 2022 |quote=The movie garnered critical and commercial acclaim post its release.|archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719035013/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gangubai-kathiawadi-ott-release-alia-bhatt-sanjay-leela-bhansali-when-and-where-to-watch-7888308/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024, Bhansali launched his own music label, named Bhansali Music, and went on to create and direct the period drama series ''[[Heeramandi]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Shreyanka |date=7 March 2024 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali Launches Music Label, Says 'Experience The Same Joy And Spiritual Connect...' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sanjay-leela-bhansali-launches-music-label-says-experience-the-same-joy-and-spiritual-connect-8806557.html |work=[[News18]] |access-date=7 March 2024}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Bhansali was born on 24 February 1963 in [[Bhuleshwar]], [[South Bombay]] into a [[Jainism in Gujarat|Gujarati-Jain]] family.<ref name=TOI>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sanjay-Leela-Bhansali-Hum-Dil-De-Chuke-Sanam-Saraswatichandra/articleshow/25591828.cms|title=When I am not being watched, I too am a loud Gujarati: Sanjay Leela Bhansali|website=[[The Times of India]]|author=Priya Gupta|date=12 November 2013|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="Jain"/> His father, Navin, was a film producer, but due to financial setbacks, he turned to [[alcoholism]]. As a result, his mother, Leela, sewed clothes to make ends meet<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/30bpi.htm|title=The truth about Sanjay Leela Bhansali|date=30 August 2007|website=Rediff|access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> and Navin died of [[cirrhosis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/when-sanjay-leela-bhansali-opened-up-about-his-violent-alcoholic-father-there-were-moneylenders-who-were-always-at-the-house/articleshow/118536900.cms|title=When Sanjay Leela Bhansali opened up about his 'violent, alcoholic' father: 'There were moneylenders who were always at the house'|date=24 February 2025|website=Times of IFndia|access-date=28 February 2025}}</ref> Bhansali adopted his mother's name as his middle name instead of his father's.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/love-sex/when-sanjay-leela-bhansali-opened-up-about-his-strained-relationship-with-his-father/articleshow/110280037.cms|title=WhenWhen Sanjay Leela Bhansali opened up about his strained relationship with his father|date=20 May 2024|website=Times of India|access-date=2 March 2025}}</ref> He has paid tribute to his father in many of his films. In ''Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam'' (1999), Sameer's tendency of speaking to his deceased father while looking at the sky is believed to be inspired by a similar habit that Bhansali had during his childhood.<ref>{{cite news |title= Five facts you didn't know about Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/five-facts-you-didnt-know-about-hum-dil-de-chuke-sanam/photostory/29612970.cms |access-date=28 February 2025|work=The Times of India |date=29 August 2018|language=en}}</ref> His alcoholism inspried ''Devdas'' (2002),<ref>{{cite news |title= When Sanjay Leela Bhansali Recalled Last Memory Of His 'Violent, Alcoholic' Father: 'One Day Before He Died...' |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/sanjay-leela-bhansali-his-last-memory-of-violent-alcoholic-father-shah-rukh-khan-devdas-1753679 |access-date=28 February 2025|work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2025|language=en}}</ref> including the funeral scene.<ref name="Rendezvous"/> In ''Gangubai Kathiawadi'' (2022), a poster of his father's film, ''Jahazi Lutera'' (1957), can be seen in the background.<ref>{{cite news |title= How Sanjay Leela Bhansali Paid Tribute To His Childhood & Father Navin Via Gangubai Kathiawadi |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansali-father-navin-gangubai-kathiawadi-568469.html |access-date=2 May 2022|work=India Times|date=24 February 2025|language=en}}</ref> Bhansali studied editing at [[Film and Television Institute of India]].<ref name="Parasuraman">{{cite book| last = Parasuraman | first = Prathyush | title = On Beauty The Cinema of Sanjay Leela Bhansali| date = 2024| isbn = 9789367907665| publisher = [[Penguin Random House]]}}</ref> His sister, Bela Bhansali Segal, has directed ''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]'' (2012), for which he wrote the script, while Bela's daughter, [[Sharmin Segal]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's niece, Heeramandi actor Sharmin Segal is expecting her first child with businessman husband Aman Mehta: report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-niece-heeramandi-actor-sharmin-segal-is-expecting-her-first-child-with-businessman-husband-aman-mehta-report-9965277/ |work=The Indian Express |date=25 April 2025 |access-date=23 October 2025}}</ref> made her debut as an actress under his production ''[[Malaal (film)|Malaal]]'' (2019), for which he also served as fellow writer and composer. Bhansali speaks [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] at home and loves Gujarati [[Gujarati cuisine|food]], [[Music of Gujarat|music]], [[Gujarati literature|literature]] and architecture.<ref name=TOI/><ref name="Jain">{{cite news |title=Jains steal the show with 7 Padmas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jains-steal-the-show-with-7-Padmas/articleshow/46856659.cms |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=9 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref> He is trained in [[Odissi]].<ref name="Parasuraman"/><ref>{{cite news |title= In Sanjay Leela Bhansali's films, melody meets drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-films-where-melody-meets-drama/article36011913.ece|access-date=2 March 2025|work=The Hindu|date=22 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Early work and success (1989–2005) ===
Bhansali began his career as an assistant to [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] and was involved in the making of ''[[Parinda]]'' (1989) as an assistant director, ''[[1942: A Love Story]]'' (1994) as a writer and assistant choreographer and ''[[Kareeb]]'' (1998). However, they had a falling-out when Bhansali refused to direct ''Kareeb''. In 1996, he made his directorial debut with ''[[Khamoshi: The Musical]]'', the commercially unsuccessful but critically acclaimed film about a daughter's struggle to communicate with her deaf-mute parents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/film/reviews/film.jsp?id=123378&page=2|title=Khamoshi (Silence: The Musical) Review|publisher=[[Channel 4]]|access-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> The film earned 5 Filmfare Awards, including the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Filmfare Award for Best Film (Critics)]].

He rose to prominence in Indian cinema with the musical love triangle ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' (1999), starring [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Salman Khan]], and [[Ajay Devgn]], which established his individualistic stamp for visual splendour and creating auras of celebration and festivity. The film was premiered in the Indian Panorama section at the 1999 [[International Film Festival of India]]. It was a critical and commercial success, and won numerous awards including 4 [[National Film Awards]] and 8 [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmtropes.in/gangubai-kathiawadi-full-movie-720p|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726113428/https://www.filmtropes.in/gangubai-kathiawadi-full-movie-720p/|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 July 2021|title=Box Office 1999 |publisher=BoxOfficeIndia.Com |access-date=6 May 2014 }}</ref>

His next film, the period romantic drama ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002), starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]], was Bhansali's ode to the novel [[Devdas|of the same name]], which became the highest-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=208&catName=MjAwMg== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115223032/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=208&catName=MjAwMg== |archive-date=15 January 2013 |title=Box Office 2002 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=6 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film also earned widespread critical acclaim and won 10 awards at Filmfare, emerging as the most-awarded film in Filmfare at the time (tying with ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995)). At the [[50th National Film Awards]], it won 5 awards including [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]. It received a nomination for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Foreign Film]] at the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|British Academy of Film & Television Awards (BAFTA)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Devdas-nominated-for-best-foreign-film-at-Bafta/articleshow/35681339.cms|title=Devdas nominated for best foreign film at Bafta - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> It was [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|India's submission]] for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]. The film was also screened at the [[2002 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/devdas|title=DEVDAS - Festival de Cannes|website=Festival de Cannes|language=en|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> It stood eighth in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/17/top-10-movies-of-the-millennium/slide/devdas/|title=The 10 Great Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=12 September 2014|date=17 May 2012}}</ref>

His next film, ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'', starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Rani Mukerji]], broke his own all-time record of ''Devdas'' by garnering 11 awards, the highest number of awards ever given to a single film at Filmfare. It stood fifth in ''Time'' (Europe)'s "10 Best Movies of the Year 2005" among films from across the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20051230-1.html |title="Black" selected amongst 10 of the best films of 2005 by ''Time'' magazine |date=30 December 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527092811/http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20051230-1.html |archive-date=27 May 2008 }}</ref> At the [[53rd National Film Awards]], he received his second National Award for [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]. ''Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam'', ''Devdas'' and ''Black'' earned him multiple Best Film and Best Director awards at Filmfare, the latter also received additional Best Film (Critics) award. In 2006, Bhansali participated as a judge on reality TV show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' alongside [[Farah Khan]] and [[Shilpa Shetty]].<ref name="tvshow">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Sanjay-Leela-Bhansali-gets-into-TV-soaps/articleshow/10398541.cms|work=The Times Of India|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali gets into TV soaps}}</ref>

=== Professional setback and expansion (2007–2012) ===
Bhansali's next film, the musical romance ''[[Saawariya]]'' (2007) was met with mixed reviews and poor collections at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw==|title=Box Office 2007|publisher=BoxOfficeIndia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115223235/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw==|archive-date=15 January 2013|access-date=6 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2008, Bhansali staged the opera ''[[Padmâvatî|Padmavati]]'', an adaptation of the 1923 ballet written by [[Albert Roussel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bhansali-not-adapting-padmavati-opera-in-movie/article1-674130.aspx |author=Ians, Momabi |title=Bhansali not adapting Padmavati opera in movie |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217020013/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bhansali-not-adapting-padmavati-opera-in-movie/article1-674130.aspx |archive-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thereel.scroll.in/827905/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-upcoming-historical-movie-padmavati-is-all-set-for-a-trial-by-fire |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's upcoming historical movie 'Padmavati' is all set for a trial by fire |access-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130005136/https://thereel.scroll.in/827905/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-upcoming-historical-movie-padmavati-is-all-set-for-a-trial-by-fire |archive-date=30 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show premiered in [[Paris]] at the prestigious [[Théâtre du Châtelet]] and next at the [[Festival dei Due Mondi]], where it received "fifteen minutes of standing ovation and seven curtain calls at the end of the first show."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080629/jsp/nation/story_9479541.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140312123308/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080629/jsp/nation/story_9479541.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 March 2014|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|first=Amit|last=Roy|title=Indian opera goes to Italy|date=29 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slbfilms.com/synopsis/opera/16 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali |access-date=12 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912135521/http://www.slbfilms.com/synopsis/opera/16 |archive-date=12 September 2014 }}</ref> Bhansali received highly positive reviews from international critics for his work.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-32531120080317|work=[[Reuters]]|title=Devdas' experience helped Bhansali with 'Padmavati|date=17 March 2008|access-date=5 July 2021|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306092741/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-32531120080317|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, Bhansali released ''[[Guzaarish (2010 film)|Guzaarish]]'', starring [[Hrithik Roshan]] and Aishwarya Rai, in which he also made his debut in music direction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=30&contentid=200811192008111902151766911b9e476&sectxslt=section|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209062735/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=30&contentid=200811192008111902151766911b9e476&sectxslt=section|archive-date=9 December 2012|title=Roshan Raahein|date=6 May 2014}}</ref> The film received positive reviews from critics, and was an above average performer at the box office. ''Guzaarish'' earned him a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. In 2011, he became a judge on the Indian music talent show ''[[X Factor India]]'' Season 1.<ref name="tvshow" /> The same year, he also produced the musical comedy ''[[My Friend Pinto]]'', which received negative reviews and tanked at the box office. In 2012, Bhansali produced ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'', a remake of the [[Telugu film]] ''[[Vikramarkudu]]'', starring [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Sonakshi Sinha]] and directed by [[Prabhu Deva]]. The film received mixed reviews from critics and became a major commercial success, with ''[[Box Office India]]'' labelling it as a blockbuster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=177|title=Rowdy Rathore - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> The following year, he produced the romantic comedy ''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]'', which also received positive reviews, but could not perform well at the box office.

=== Established filmmaker (2013–present) ===
[[File:Ranveer Singh, Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Deepika Padukone at RAM LEELA's trailer launch.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|alt=Sanjay, Ranveer and Deepika smiles away the camera|Bhansali with [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] during the trailer launch of ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' in 2013.]]
In 2013, Bhansali directed the tragic romance ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'', an adaptation of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', starring [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Ranveer Singh]]. Some religious groups opposed the film claiming that the former title ''Ramleela'' was misleading, because the movie had nothing to do with [[Ramlila]], the traditional enactment of the life and story of Hindu deity, [[Lord Rama]]. The film's release had been stayed by [[Delhi High Court]] due to the controversy over its title, claiming that the movie hurt the religious sentiments of Hindus. Later the film's title was changed to ''Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela'', and eventually released in India as scheduled. However, after a week of release, Lucknow bench of Allahabad High Court banned the movie's release in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Allahabad-high-court-bans-Goliyon-ki-raasleela-Ram-Leela-in-UP/articleshow/26151042.cms|title=Allahabad high court bans 'Goliyon ki raasleela Ram-Leela' in UP - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> Despite the controversy and limited release, the film opened to critical acclaim and strong box office collections worldwide, ultimately earning ₹2.02 billion (US$31 million) and emerging as the fifth highest-grossing film of 2013. The film garnered several award nominations for Bhansali including Best Film and Best Director nominations at Filmfare. The same year, Bhansali debuted in television with the show ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'', starring [[Gautam Rode]] and [[Jennifer Winget]], which he later left after few episodes.

The following year, he produced the biographical sports film [[Mary Kom (film)|''Mary Kom'']] starring [[Priyanka Chopra]], which premiered at the [[2014 Toronto International Film Festival]], becoming the first Hindi film to be screened on the opening night of the festival. The film became both a critical and commercial success and received various accolades including a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Film. At the [[62nd National Film Awards]], Bhansali received another National Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment for the film. In 2015, he produced the action drama ''[[Gabbar Is Back]]'' starring Akshay Kumar, which also emerged as a commercial success and received positive reviews from critics.

Bhansali's next directorial venture was his dream project, the period romantic drama ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015), based on the love story between [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]] and his second wife [[Mastani]]. Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone played the title roles, while Priyanka Chopra played Bajirao's first wife, [[Kashibai]]. The film was announced in 2003 and was constantly in the news regarding the cast, including actors such as [[Salman Khan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]], [[Kareena Kapoor]] and [[Rani Mukerji]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1193383|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504072214/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1193383|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2014|title=Kareena's Plum Assignments|access-date=4 May 2014|date=1 July 2003|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The descendants of Bajirao I and Mastani expressed their disapproval of this film, claiming excessive creative liberty by Bhansali causing wrongful portrayal of their ancestors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bajirao-and-mastanis-descendants-blast-sanjay-leela-bhansali-term-him-irresponsible-for-vulgar-portrayal-of-bajirao-kashibai-and-mastani/|title=Bajirao and Mastani's descendants blast Sanjay Leela Bhansali, term him irresponsible for 'vulgar portrayal' of Bajirao, Kashibai and Mastani|date=5 December 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> A petition was filed in Bombay High Court seeking a stay on the film, but the High Court refused to interfere with its release.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bombay-high-court-okays-release-of-bajirao-mastani-over-petition-seeking-stay-on-film/|title=Bajirao Mastani: Bombay HC okays release of film over petition seeking stay|date=19 December 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> It received widespread critical acclaim worldwide and was listed among the best films of 2015 by several sources.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K |title=From Baahubali to Piku to Bajirao Mastani: Here are the 12 best Bollywood films of 2015 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-baahubali-to-piku-to-bajirao-mastani-here-are-the-10-best-films-of-2015-2553722.html |access-date=30 May 2023 |work=Firstpost |date=21 December 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/amit-nangia-/2015-bollywood-cine-retro_b_8897806.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110005525/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/amit-nangia-/2015-bollywood-cine-retro_b_8897806.html |archive-date=10 January 2016 |title=6 Bollywood Films That Defied Expectations In 2015 |date=10 January 2016 |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Guha |first1=Kunal |title=Must-watch Bollywood movies of 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/must-watch-bollywood-movies-of-2015/articleshow/50350065.cms |access-date=30 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=28 December 2015}}</ref> Despite the controversy, the film emerged as one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/552|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222015910/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/552|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 December 2015|title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections of Bajirao Mastani|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=19 December 2015|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> The film received numerous [[List of accolades received by Bajirao Mastani|accolades]] at various award ceremonies in India. At the [[63rd National Film Awards]], ''Bajirao Mastani'' won 7 awards and Bhansali won the National Award for Best Director, in addition to winning Best Film and Best Director at Filmfare.<ref>{{cite news|title=63rd National Film Awards: List of winners|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-National-Film-Awards-List-of-winners/articleshow/51580133.cms|work=The Times of India|date=28 March 2013|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref> The film was featured at the 2016 ''Indian Panorama'' section of the [[International Film Festival of India]]. ''Bajirao Mastani'' was selected as India's official entry for the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] for the [[74th Golden Globe Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/bajirao-mastani-india|title=Bajirao Mastani (India)|website=www.goldenglobes.com|date=15 January 2017 |language=en|access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref> The following year, he produced the Marathi film ''[[Laal Ishq (film)|Laal Ishq]].''

[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Sanjay Leela Bhansali, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 30, 2015.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The President, [[Pranab Mukherjee]], presenting the Padma Shri Award to Sanjay Leela Bhansali, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], in New Delhi on 30 March 2015.]]Bhansali directed the [[historical drama|period drama]] film ''[[Padmaavat]]'' (2018),<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=21 November 2017 |title=Padmaavat: Why a Bollywood epic has sparked fierce protests |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42048512 |access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> jointly produced by him and [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]], and also written by him. The film stars Deepika Padukone in the title role as [[Rani Padmini]], alongside [[Shahid Kapoor]] and Ranveer Singh in the title roles of [[Rawal Ratan Singh]] and [[Alauddin Khalji]] respectively. During the shooting of the film in January 2017 in [[Jaipur]], the members of [[Shri Rajput Karni Sena]] protested at the sets at [[Jaigarh Fort]], physically attacked Bhansali and his crew members, alleging that he misrepresented historical facts and depicted them erroneously in the film, and also tried to vandalise the sets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thereel.scroll.in/827905/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-upcoming-historical-movie-padmavati-is-all-set-for-a-trial-by-fire|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's upcoming historical movie 'Padmavati' is all set for a trial by fire|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|work=Scroll.in|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130005136/https://thereel.scroll.in/827905/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-upcoming-historical-movie-padmavati-is-all-set-for-a-trial-by-fire|archive-date=30 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/padmavati-film-shooting-stalled-by-rajput-group-in-jaipur/articleshow/56812974.cms|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's 'Padmavati' shooting stalled by Rajput group in Jaipur - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> On 6 March 2017, members of Shri Rajput Karni Sena vandalised the [[Chittor Fort]] again and broke the mirrors installed in the palace of Rani Padmini.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/weeks-after-attack-on-bhansali-over-padmavati-film-mirrors-in-chittorgarh-fort-broken/story-9YZ0SywKqCQfqAG99sutdP.html|title=Karni Sena vandalises Chittorgarh Fort, breaks mirrors in the palace of Rani Padmini|date=6 March 2017|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> On 15 March 2017, a group of unidentified vandals again attacked and set fire to the sets of this movie in Kolhapur which led to the production set, costumes and jewelleries being burnt.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/padmavati-set-fire-kohlapur-sanjay-leela-bhansali-965650-2017-03-15|title=Padmavati row intensifies: Film set burnt in Kolhapur, to get 24 hour security|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> The film earned Rs. 1.43 billion rupees in the first six days after its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat box office collection day 6: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's magnum-opus collects Rs 143 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/padmaavat-box-office-collection-day-6-sanjay-leela-bhansali-film-5045144/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> ''Padmaavat'' emerged as the highest-grossing film of the year, and received widespread critical acclaim, and earned Bhansali the [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]], in addition to Best Film and Best Director nominations at Filmfare.

In 2022, Bhansali directed ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'', a biographical crime drama based on a chapter of [[Hussain Zaidi]]'s book ''[[Mafia Queens of Mumbai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2023 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali says people told him not to make Gangubai Kathiawadi: 'Have ticked all the wrong boxes' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansali-says-people-told-him-not-to-make-gangubai-kathiawadi-101676714008438.html |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The film about [[Gangubai Kothewali]], stars [[Alia Bhatt]] as Gangubai, and was scheduled for release on 30 July 2021, but was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Alia Bhatt Unveils New Gangubai Kathiawadi Poster, Film Set to Clash with Prabhas' Radhe Shyam|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/alia-bhatt-unveils-new-gangubai-kathiawadi-poster-film-set-to-clash-with-prabhas-radhe-shyam-3467972.html|date=24 February 2021|work=News18 |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Gangubai Kathiawadi' Anniversary: 5 Reasons Why Alia Bhatt's Film Is A Modern-Day Classic |date=25 February 2023 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-gangubai-kathiawadi-anniversary-5-reasons-why-alia-bhatt-s-film-is-a-modern-day-classic-news-265276}}</ref> The film eventually released in February 2022 to earned widespread critical acclaim, and won a leading 11 [[Filmfare Awards]], including Best Film and Best Director wins for Bhansali,<ref name=":3" /> and five [[National Film Awards]] including Best Editing and Best Adapted Screenplay wins for Bhansali.

In March 2023, Bhansali launched his music label, Bhansali Music, alongside the release of the soundtrack of the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Heeramandi]]'', on which he served as creator, director, and music composer.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=8 March 2024 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali Launches Music Label With 'Heeramandi' Soundtrack – Global Bulletin |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/asia/sanjay-leela-bhansali-music-label-heeramandi-1235934783/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref> The series had an ensemble cast led by [[Manisha Koirala]] and Sonakshi Sinha. It had strong viewership on the platform, and has been renewed for a second season.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali Hit 'Heeramandi: The Diamond Bazaar' Renewed for Season 2 by Netflix (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/global/news/sanjay-leela-bhansali-heeramandi-season-2-netflix-1236022762/ |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604014324/https://variety.com/2024/global/news/sanjay-leela-bhansali-heeramandi-season-2-netflix-1236022762/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bhansali will next direct [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Alia Bhatt]], and [[Vicky Kaushal]] in the romantic drama film ''Love & War'', which is scheduled for release in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mankad|first=Himesh|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali inks a big non-theatrical deal for ''Love And War''; Actors opt for profit sharing model|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/exclusive-sanjay-leela-bhansali-inks-a-big-non-theatrical-deal-for-love-and-war-actors-opt-for-profit-sharing-model-1348215|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=16 September 2024|access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" width=65 |Director
! scope="col" width=65 |Writer
! scope="col" width=65 |Producer
! scope="col" width=65 |Editor
! scope="col" width=65 |Composer
! scope="col" width=65| Notes
|-
|1989
! scope="row"|''[[Parinda]]''
|{{Partial|Assistant}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| 1994
! scope="row" | ''[[1942: A Love Story]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 1996
! scope="row" | ''[[Khamoshi: The Musical]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 1999
! scope="row" | ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2002
! scope="row" | ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2005
! scope="row" | ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2007
! scope="row" | ''[[Saawariya]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2010
! scope="row" | ''[[Guzaarish (film)|Guzaarish]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2011
! scope="row" | ''[[My Friend Pinto]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
! scope="row" | ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
| {{Partial|Creative}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
! scope="row" | ''[[Gabbar Is Back]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2016
! scope="row" | ''[[Laal Ishq (film)|Laal Ishq]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film
|-
| 2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Padmaavat]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2019
! scope="row"|''[[Malaal (film)|Malaal]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2021
! scope="row"|''[[Tuesdays and Fridays]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2026
! scope="row" | ''[[Do Deewane Seher Mein]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
|style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ''Love & War'' {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|Filming<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranbir Kapoor, Alia Bhatt, and Vicky Kaushal filming emotional scenes for 'Love and War' - Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-and-vicky-kaushal-filming-emotional-scenes-for-love-and-war-report/articleshow/117080462.cms |work=The Times of India |date=9 January 2025 |access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" width=65 |Creator
! scope="col" width=65 |Director
! scope="col" width=65 |Writer
! scope="col" width=65 |Producer
! scope="col" width=65 |Editor
! scope="col" width=65 |Composer
! scope="col" width=65|Notes
|-
| 1988–1989
| ''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]''
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| 403 episodes
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Heeramandi]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 8 episodes
|}

=== Reality show ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Judge
!References
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (Indian Dance Series)#Season 1|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 1]]{{Broken anchor|date=25 January 2025|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (Indian Dance Series)#Season 1|reason= The anchor (Season 1) [[Special:Diff/1212866572|has been deleted]].}}''
|{{yes}}
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Episode #1.1 |date=7 September 2006 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8391684/ |access-date=17 January 2025 |series=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa |others=Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Farah Khan, Shilpa Shetty Kundra}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[X Factor India]]''
|{{yes}}
|<ref>{{Citation |title=The X Factor India |date=29 May 2011 |type=Music, Reality-TV |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6081966/ |access-date=17 January 2025 |others=Sonu Nigam, Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Shreya Ghoshal}}</ref>
|}

=== Stage ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!References
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Padmâvatî]]''
| {{Yes}}
|<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2008 |title=Bhansali happy with 'baby' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Bhansali-happy-with-baby/articleshow/3180824.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140312121532/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-01/news-interviews/27925195_1_sanjay-leela-bhansali-elephant-ovation |archive-date=12 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali |url=http://slbfilms.com/synopsis/opera/16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312225025/http://slbfilms.com/synopsis/opera/16 |archive-date=12 March 2014 |access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>
|}

== Discography ==
* ''[[Sukoon]]'' (2022)
* ''Khadaan'' (2025)

==Awards and nominations==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}

== References ==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0080220|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}

{{Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Sanjay Leela Bhansali
|list=
{{NationalFilmAwardBestDirection}}
{{National Film Award Best Music Direction}}
{{National Film Award Best Editing}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestDirector}}
{{ScreenAwardBestDirector}}
{{IIFAAwardBestDirector}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestDirector}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhansali, Sanjay Leela}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Best Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Jains]]
[[Category:Best Adapted Screenplay National Film Award winners]]

Tara Rajkumar

2026-03-06T06:01:02Z

BrianSop: New basic bio added tags

{{short description|Indian classical dancer}}
{{Indian patronymic|Tara|Rajkumar}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tara Rajkumar
| birth_name =
| alias =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1948
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| parents = TMB Nedungadi
| spouse = Raj Rajkumar
| children =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Dancer, choreographer, Dance teacher
| known for = [[Kathakali]], [[Mohiniyattam]]
| awards = Medal of the [[Order of Australia]] [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]]
}}
'''Tara Rajkumar''' is an [[Indian classical dancer]] and dance teacher. She is an exponent in Indian classical dances like [[Kathakali]] and [[Mohiniyattam]]. In 2009, she was awarded the [[Medal of the Order of Australia]]. She also received many other awards including [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]] and Victorian Volunteer Award.

==Biography==
Tara was born in [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]] as the daughter of T. M. B. Nedungadi, former chairman of [[Kerala Kalamandalam]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Torchbearer of tradition |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/Torchbearer-of-tradition/article14932704.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 March 2011 |language=en |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417082112/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/Torchbearer-of-tradition/article14932704.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Tara is the great grand-niece of [[Appu Nedungadi]], the author of ''Kundalata'', the first novel in Malayalam.<ref name="Hindu"/> Attracted to Indian classical dances from a young age, she started learning [[Kathakali]] at the age of four.<ref name="Hindu"/> She lived in many places in India during her youth.<ref>{{cite news |title=10 Indian Origin Women Making a Difference in Australia - The Australia Today |url=https://www.theaustraliatoday.com.au/10-indian-origin-women-making-a-difference-in-australia/ |language=en-AU |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2022-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123043935/https://www.theaustraliatoday.com.au/10-indian-origin-women-making-a-difference-in-australia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although she started learning Kathakali in Bombay, when she was too young, her serious training was from Moleri Namboothiri in Kochi.<ref name="narthaki2"/> While in Delhi, she studied Kathakali under Guru Punnathoor Madhava Panicker, at the International Centre for Kathakali (ICK).<ref name="narthaki2"/> A disciple of three legends [[Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair]], [[Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma|Kalyanikutty Amma]] and [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]], Tara started performing classical dance while still in school.<ref name="Hindu"/> While in Delhi, she also received training in [[Odissi]] from Guru [[Surendra Nath Jena]].<ref name="narthaki2"/>

After her marriage with Dr. Rajkumar, a scientist, they first went to UK and then to Australia.<ref name="Hindu"/> They live in [[Melbourne]] now.<ref name="Hindu"/>

== Career==
In her career, she has performed or taught Indian classical dance in India, United Kingdom, Europe and Australia.<ref name="OAM">{{cite web |title=Tara Rajkumar OAM {{!}} Victorian Government |url=https://www.vic.gov.au/tara-rajkumar-oam |website=www.vic.gov.au |language=en |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417082114/https://www.vic.gov.au/tara-rajkumar-oam |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also performed in famous theatres like London's [[Southbank Centre|South Bank]], Sydney's [[Opera House, Sydney|Opera House]] and Melbourne's [[Arts Centre Melbourne|Victorian Arts Centre]].

While in England, she founded Akademi (then called the Academy of Indian Dance), a classical dance center in England which runs to this day (as of 2023).<ref name="narthaki">{{cite web |title=Profiles - From Slum Dog Millionaire to 'Temple Dreaming' - Sumi Krishnan |url=https://narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl101.html |website=narthaki.com |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417083005/https://narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl101.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Forty Years On-In Conversation with Tara Rajkumar OAM {{!}} Pulse Connects |url=http://www.pulseconnects.com/forty-years-conversation-tara-rajkumar-oam |website=www.pulseconnects.com |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417090123/http://www.pulseconnects.com/forty-years-conversation-tara-rajkumar-oam |url-status=live }}</ref> It was with seed funding from the British government, she set up the National Academy of Indian Dance which later renamed as the South Asian Dance Academy, in London, in 1979.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=The Indian |date=2014-09-09 |title='For art to flourish, think in terms of the country you live in' - |url=https://www.theindiansun.com.au/2014/09/09/art-flourish-think-terms-country-live/ |access-date=2023-04-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427140350/https://www.theindiansun.com.au/2014/09/09/art-flourish-think-terms-country-live/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tara Rajkumar immigrated to Australia in 1983 and established Natya Sudha School and Natya Sudha Dance Company in Melbourne to teach Indian classical dance.<ref name="OAM"/> She is widely recognised as a key person in popularizing Indian classical arts such as Mohiniyattam and Kathakali in Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-26 |title=Indian-Australian community celebrates Tara Rajkumar's 40 years of dance legacy {{!}} The Australia Today |url=https://www.theaustraliatoday.com.au/indian-australian-community-celebrates-tara-rajkumars-40-years-of-dance-legacy/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en-AU}}</ref> Her productions have toured Australia, United Kingdom, India, New Zealand and Thailand. With support from Commission for the Future, AsiaLink and Multicultural Arts Victoria, she developed a unique cross-cultural project, Traditions in Transition, which culminated in a season of performances at CUB Malthouse.<ref name="OAM"/> She was the artistic director of a project that brought together classical and contemporary dance from Japan, China and India, highlighting the contributions of Australian resident artists to the Australian national cultural fabric.<ref name="OAM"/>

While in Australia, she received a fellowship from [[Monash University]] and later became Director of Performing Arts at the Monash Asia Institute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajkumar, Tara, active 1986-2009 |url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/32483091 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=natlib.govt.nz |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417110408/https://natlib.govt.nz/records/32483091 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tara was the artistic director and principal dancer of the Indian dance component of the Australian Festival of Japan to Venice program held at the Victorian Arts Centre.<ref name="OAM"/> She developed a course, New Dance Forms and Old Cultures, for undergraduate students at Monash University, the first of its kind in Australia.<ref name="OAM"/> Through such programs she made classical South Asian dance accessible to the society at large.<ref name="OAM"/>

Tara's work has been exhibited at the [[Immigration Museum, Melbourne|Immigration Museum]] in Melbourne in recognition of her contribution to society as an immigrant to Australia.<ref name="OAM"/> She is known as a dancer, choreographer, art director, teacher, researcher and communicator. A documentary on her, ''Tara the Singing Anklet'' by Vinod Mankara, premiered at the [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnan |first=Sumathi |date=2024-10-18 |title=Tara Rajkumar OAM: Grace in motion for 50 glorious years |url=https://www.indianlink.com.au/tara-rajkumar-oam/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Indian Link |language=en-AU}}</ref>

==Notable performances==
Her work titled ''Temple Dreaming'', based on the life of [[Louise Lightfoot]] and her passion for Kathakali, was first performed at the Alexander Theatre at [[Monash University]], Australia and later in many venues in both India and Australia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarwal |first=Amit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dna7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Tara+Rajkumar+Dancer&pg=PT142 |title=The Dancing God: Staging Hindu Dance in Australia |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-76199-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hindu"/> Tara was the first performer to perform the role [[Mary Magdalene]] in Kathakali.<ref name=":0" />

==Awards and honors==
In 2009, she was awarded the [[Medal of the Order of Australia]].<ref name="Hindu"/> She is also included in the inaugural [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]] for her contribution to Victoria and the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tara Rajkumar |url=https://2016.mpavilion.org/collaborator/tara-rajkumar/ |website=MPavilion |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417092056/https://2016.mpavilion.org/collaborator/tara-rajkumar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She also received many other awards including Victorian Volunteer Award in 2006 by Victorian Government and Ethnic Arts Award.<ref name="narthaki2">{{cite web |title=The Sunil Kothari Column - Australian Diary: Part 1 - Interview with Kathakali and Mohiniattam dancer Tara Rajkumar |url=https://narthaki.com/info/gtsk/gtsk7.html |website=narthaki.com |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417094901/https://narthaki.com/info/gtsk/gtsk7.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tara, Rajkumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Mohiniyattam dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Women artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:People from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Australia]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to England]]
[[Category:1948 births]]

Gandhidham Junction railway station

2026-03-04T06:03:05Z

BrianSop: further improve citations as per guidelines additionally and added references

{{Short description|Railway station in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Gandhidham Junction
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Terminal station]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Gandhidham Junction main entrance.jpg
| address = [[Gandhidham]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.068337|70.147727|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|10.500|m|ft}}
| line = [[Gandhidham–Bhuj section]] [[Gandhidham–Kandla Port section]] [[Gandhidham–Palanpur section]] [[Gandhidham–Ahmedabad main line]]
| other = Taxi stand, pre-paid auto service
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| platform = 3
| tracks = 6
| parking = Available
| opened = 7 April 1955
| electrified = Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code| code = GIMB| zone = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]| division = {{rwd|Ahmedabad}} }}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former = [[Kutch State Railway]]
| map_type = India#India Gujarat
| map_dot_label = Gandhidham Junction railway station
| map_size = 300
}}
{{Gandhidham Railway}}
'''Gandhidham Junction railway station''' (code:- '''GIMB'''), located in [[Gandhidham]], [[Gujarat]], India, serves the people residing in Gandhidham and [[Kandla]] areas.

==History==
Before the formation of Gandhidham BG railway station by Indian Railways, the [[Cutch State Railway]] operated 2 ft 6inch narrow-gauge railway line. A train used to run towards [[Anjar, India|Anjar]] from the port of Tuna. The railway was financed by the Maharao Khengarji Bawa of Cutch. This started way back in 1905.

The railway line was extended from [[Anjar, India|Anjar]] to [[Bhuj]] in 1908.

The rail line from Varshamedi to Bhachau was opened in 1910. The 15 mile rail line from Anjar to Kandla was started in 1930. Another line was laid from [[Kandla]] to [[Disa]] in North Gujarat in 1950 by the Indian Railways.

== Major trains ==
The list of trains which originate from Gandhidham Junction is as follows:
* [[Gandhidham–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Sarvodaya Express]] (12473/12474)

* [[Garba Superfast Express]] (12937/12938)

* [[Gandhidham–Puri Weekly Superfast Express|Gandhidham–Puri Weekly Superfast Express (Via Bhubaneswar)]] (12993/12994)

* [[Kamakhya–Gandhidham Express]] (15567/15668)

* [[Gandhidham–Nagercoil Express]] (16335/16336)

* [[KSR Bangalore–Gandhidham Express]] (16505/16506)

* [[Visakhapatnam–Gandhidham Express]] (20803/20804)

* [[Tirunelveli–Gandhidham Humsafar Express]] (20923/20924)

* [[Gandhidham–Indore Weekly Express]] (20935/20936)

* [[Gandhidham–Jodhpur Express]] (22483/22484)

* [[Gandhidham–Puri Weekly Express|Gandhidham–Puri Weekly Express (Via Vizianagaram)]] (22973/22974)

==Railway reorganization==
[[Cutch State Railway]] was merged with the [[Western Railway (India)|Western Railway]] on 5 November 1951. The foundation stone of Gandhidham railway station was laid on 7 April 1955. After the gauge conversion of Viramgam–Wankaner–Gandhidham section in the earlier 1980s.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title = IR History: Part - 5 (1970 - 1995)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2013-08-11}}</ref> the first train from Gandhidham to Mumbai was introduced on 2 October 1984. After the gauge conversion of Gandhidham–Bhuj section in 2001.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2001/02/27/stories/122781b2.htm |title = Gandhidham–Bhuj gauge conversion | location=Chennai | work=The Hindu}}</ref>
some of the trains were extended to Bhuj.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hindu.com/2000/02/26/stories/0226000g.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131112134009/http://www.hindu.com/2000/02/26/stories/0226000g.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 12 November 2013 |title = Extension of trains to Bhuj | location=Chennai, India | work = [[The Hindu]] | date=26 February 2000}}</ref>
Gauge conversion of Palanpur–Gandhidham was completed on 24 March 2006.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/03/25/stories/2006032501840700.htm |title = Gauge conversion of Palanpur–Gandhidham section}}</ref> New services were introduced via Palanpur.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=15847 |title = New services via Palanpur}}</ref>

==Diesel Loco Shed, Gandhidham==
Diesel locomotive shed, Gandhidham is situated at Gandhidham Junction railway station in Kutch, Gujarat, India. The shed code is '''GDLG'''.
{| class="wikitable"
!Serial No.
!Locomotive Class
!Horsepower
!Quantity
|-
|1.
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-4G|WDG-4G]]
|4500
|213
|-
|2.
|[[Indian locomotive class WDG-6G|WDG-6G]]
|6000
|37
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Total active locomotives as of February 2026'''<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Traction Circulars |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,541,710,717 |location= |publisher=[[Indian Railways|IR]] |access-date=29 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric Loco Holding & Availability Targets |url=http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html |website=elocos.railnet.gov.in |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref><ref name = "Wabtec - Renewed agreement at Gandhidham">{{cite press release |last= |first= |date=19 December 2024 |title=Wabtec Renews Locomotive Services Agreement at the Gandhidham, India Site |url=https://www.wabteccorp.com/newsroom/press-releases/wabtec-renews-locomotive-services-agreement-at-the-gandhidham-india-site |location=[[Gandhidham]] |publisher=[[Wabtec]] |agency= |access-date=27 February 2026}}</ref>
|250
|}

==Achievements==
In July 2016, Gandhidham was pronounced the second cleanest railway station in India according to a passenger feedback survey conducted by the Indian Railways as part of the Swacch Bharat Abhiyaan.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-gujarat-has-cleanest-railway-stations-bihar-dirtiest-shows-survey-2238454 |title = Gujarat has cleanest railway stations, Bihar dirtiest, shows survey | work=DNA}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|369}}
{{Railway stations in Gujarat}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1955]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Kutch district]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad railway division]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Transport in Gandhidham]]
[[Category:Gandhidham]]

{{Gujarat-railstation-stub}}

Mithunam (2012 film)

2026-03-03T17:49:32Z

BrianSop: small fixed citations based on references further and corrected details for accuracy

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mithunam
| image = Midhunam Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Tanikella Bharani]]
| producer = Anand Muyida Rao
| writer =
| screenplay = Tanikella Bharani
| story = Sri Ramana
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
}}
| music = [[Swaraveenapani]]
| cinematography = Rajendra Prasad Tanikella
| editing = S. B. Uddhav
| distributor = {{plainlist|
*AMR Productions
*J & J films
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|12|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Mithunam''''' ({{Translation|Couple}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Telugu film|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[Tanikella Bharani]], who co-wrote the screenplay with Sri Ramana. The film features only two on-screen characters{{Emdash}}[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]. The film is based on a best selling Telugu novel of the same name, written by Sri Ramana. The film won four state [[Nandi Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=25 Greatest Telugu Films of the Decade |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html|access-date=2021-06-26|website=filmcompanion.in|language=en|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017163531/https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Mithunam'' is also a zodiac sign. AMR Productions released ''Mithunam'' on 21 December 2012 to positive reviews. The film ran for fifty days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/50days-mithunam.html|title=Mithunam 50 days function|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=10 February 2013|access-date=28 May 2013|archive-date=6 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606162008/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/50days-mithunam.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Appadasu is a retired teacher who lives in his native village with his wife Buchchi Lakshmi. Both are senior citizens, and all of their children are living abroad, though instead of feeling lonely and insecure about their life, both Appadasu and Buchchi have their own share of romance happening. They treat each and every day as a special day and enjoy the moments. This relationship also has its share of ups and downs, and what life has in store for them forms the rest of the story.

==Cast==
*[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] as Appadaasu
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Buchchi Lakshmi
*[[Mohan Krishna Indraganti]] as Keshava (voice)
*Mirchi Ramakrishna as the rooster (voice)
*Sushma Nittala as the chicken (voice)

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/moviedetail.asp?mid=a0002903 |title=Mithunam Songs – Mithunam Telugu Movie Songs – Telugu Songs Lyrics Trailer Videos, Preview Stills Reviews |access-date=28 May 2013 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822092855/https://www.raaga.com/album/?mid=a0002903 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Aadi Dampatulu
| lyrics1 = [[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao|Jonnavithula]]
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length1 = 03:27
| title2 = Evaru Gelicharippudu
| lyrics2 = Anand Muyida Rao
| extra2 = [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
| length2 = 03:04
| title3 = Aavakaya Mana Andaridi
| lyrics3 = [[Tanikella Bharani]]
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Swapna
| length3 = 3:19
| title4 = Coffee Dandakam
| lyrics4 = Jonnavithhula
| extra4 = Jonnavithhula
| length4 = 3:00
| title5 = Aata Kada Jananalu
| lyrics5 = Tanikella Bharani
| extra5 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length5 = 02:25
}}

==Reception==

===Critical response===
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Imagine a movie with only two characters! The only other voice that comes is heard only in the 43rd minute of the movie. But through the film, you know it is Tanikella Bharani who is speaking through every frame".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/midhunam/movie-review/17708070.cms|title=MIDHUNAM MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 December 2012|access-date=17 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717204120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/midhunam/movie-review/17708070.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' said that "This film is of 'world cinema' quality on international circuit. On a whole, ''Mithunam'' is a film that every Indian should watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-midhunam.html|title=Telugu Movie review – Midhunam|date=22 December 2012|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=17 July 2023|archive-date=22 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822092844/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-midhunam.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' wrote that "Director Bharani justifies Sriramana's story and Balu and Lakshmi justify the characters therein. Appreciable cinematography, music, lyrics, editing, and dialogues make the film authentic and enjoyable".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugucinema.com/c/publish/featurearticles/mithunam_moviereview.php|title=Mithunam: Movie Review|last=NaChaKi|work=[[Telugucinema.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230182256/https://telugucinema.com/c/publish/featurearticles/mithunam_moviereview.php|archive-date=30 December 2012}}</ref>

==Awards==

;[[CineMAA Awards]]
:*[[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award Special Jury Award for Best Direction]] (2013) – [[Tanikella Bharani]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nitya-nag-bag-awards-on-starstudded-night/article4818019.ece|title=Nitya, Nag bag awards on star-studded night|work=The Hindu|date=16 June 2013|access-date=16 June 2013|archive-date=11 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111122516/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nitya-nag-bag-awards-on-starstudded-night/article4818019.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

;[[Nandi Awards]]
:*[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Nandi Award for Third Best Feature Film]] (2013) – Bronze
:*[[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]: – [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
:*[[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]: – [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
:*[[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]]- [[Tanikella Bharani]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|2742164}}
*[https://www.kahaniya.com/s/mithunam-2835 Mithunam Story written by Sri Ramana – Read online at Kahaniya]

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2012 drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films based on Telugu novels]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]
[[Category:Two-handers]]
[[Category:Films set in Konaseema]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]

D. Sudhakar

2026-03-01T13:40:23Z

BrianSop: small changes

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| governor = [[Thawarchand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = '''Planning & Statistics'''
| term_start = 27 May 2023
| predecessor1 = Goolihatti D Shekhar
| successor1 =
| governor1 = [[Rameshwar Thakur]] (till 24 June 2009) 
[[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] (from 24 June 2009)
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[B.S. Yeddyurappa]]
| subterm1 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice1 = [[Second Yediyurappa ministry]]
| 2blankname1 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata1 = '''Youth Affairs'''
| term_start1 = 23 September 2010
| term_end1 = 31 July 2011
| successor2 = [[A. Narayanaswamy]]
| governor2 = [[Rameshwar Thakur]] (till 24 June 2009) 
[[Hans Raj Bhardwaj]] (from 24 June 2009)
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[B.S. Yeddyurappa]]
| subterm2 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice2 = [[Second Yediyurappa ministry]]
| 2blankname2 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata2 = '''Social Welfare'''
| term_start2 = 30 May 2008
| term_end2 = 9 September 2009
| office3 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = May 2023
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = [[Poornima Krishnappa]]
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = [[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]]
| term_start4 = 2008
| term_end4 = 2018
| predecessor4 = D. Manjunath
| successor4 = [[Poornima Krishnappa]]
| constituency4 = [[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]]
| term_start5 = 2004
| term_end5 = 2008
| predecessor5 = G. Basavaraj Mandimutt
| successor5 = Thippeswamy
| constituency5 = [[Challakere Assembly constituency|Challakere]]
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1961|03|28|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Challakere]]
| residence =
| party =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| occupation =Politician
| source =
| profession =
}}
'''Dasharathaiah Sudhakar''' is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is currently serving as Cabinet Minister in [[Government of Karnataka]] & member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]].

He was elected from [[Challakere]] in 2004 and from [[Hiriyur]] in 2008 and 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/members.htm |title=Members of Legislative Assembly |website=Karnataka Legislative Assembly |accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref> He was Social Welfare Minister during [[B. S. Yediyurappa]]'s tenure as Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://kannada.oneindia.com/news/2010/02/25/fecilities-scheduled-caste-survey.html |language=kn |title=Pariśiṣṭa jāti kuṭumba samīkṣege anudāna |publisher=[[oneindia]] kannada |date=25 February 2010 |accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref>

D. Sudhakar has been appointed as chairman for Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation Limited (KEONICS) in 2016.<ref name="21 MLAs to head boards, corporations">{{cite news |date=2 November 2016 |title=21 MLAs to head boards, corporations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/21-MLAs-to-head-boards-corporations/article16091341.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423075123/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/21-MLAs-to-head-boards-corporations/article16091341.ece |archive-date=23 April 2025 |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudhakar, D.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]

Athani taluk

2026-02-22T04:04:14Z

BrianSop:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Athani Taluk
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = kn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Taluk
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.73|N|75.07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| subdivision_type3 = Regions of Karnataka
| subdivision_name3 = Bayaluseeme
| established_title =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Taluk administration
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2070.54
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,48,832
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes =
| area_code_type =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 591xxx
| registration_plate = '''KA-23'''
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Athani Taluk''' is the largest [[taluk]] in [[Belgaum District]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It has a total area of {{convert|2070.54|km2}},<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.kar.nic.in/zpbelgaum/athaniprofile.html|title=Karnataka Information Centre's profile on Athani Taluka| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418013616/http://www.kar.nic.in/zpbelgaum/athaniprofile.html |archivedate=18 April 2007 }}</ref> of which 70% is cultivated. This includes 4 towns, 115 inhabited villages and hamlets with a rural population of 4,07,485, according to the 2011 census. The total population of the taluk is 5,25,832. It is bounded by [[Sangli District]] of [[Maharashtra]] in the north, [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur District]] in the east, and [[Bagalkot District]] in the southeast. Geologically the area is covered by [[Deccan Trap]] formations. The average annual rainfall is {{convert|582|mm}}. Two rivers flow through the taluk: the [[Krishna River]] and the [[Agrani]].

The four largest towns of Athani Taluk (in decreasing order of population) are [[Athani, Belgaum|Athani]], [[Ugar (town)|Ugar]], [[Ainapur, Belgaum|Ainapur]] and [[Shedbal]]. There are four [[hobali]]s in the taluk: Athani, Kagwad, [[Telsang]] and [[Antapur]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

==Educational institutions==
Athani has government and primary schools for boys and girls in [[Kannada]], [[Urdu]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]].

==Agriculture==
The [[Krishna River]] flows {{convert|85|km}} around the southern part of the taluk. The irrigation facilities of the [[Upper Krishna Project]]'s [[Hipparagi]] dam are in Athani taluk. As part of the Hipparagi project, canals were constructed in Athani, assisting the cultivation of sugarcane, grapes and other crops. 70% of the land in the taluk is fertile.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

==Notable people==
*[[Laxman Savadi]], Former DCM of Karnataka government
*[[Sampat Shivangi]], Awardee, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
*[[Sudheendra Kulkarni]], Former Director of Operations to the Prime Ministers Office during the term of Atal Bihari Vajapayee

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{URL|www.athanitown.gov.in}}
* [http://www.citypincode.in/KARNATAKA/BELGAUM/Athani_PINCODE 591304]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070418013616/http://www.kar.nic.in/zpbelgaum/athaniprofile.html Athani Taluka Profile] at Karnataka Information Centre

[[Category:Taluks of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geography of Belagavi district]]

Lucky Lakshman

2026-02-14T16:51:29Z

BrianSop: added stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Lucky Lakshman.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = AR Abhi
| writer = AR Abhi
| screenplay =
| producer = Haritha Gogineni
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Syed Sohel]]
* [[Mokksha]]
* Devi Prasad
* [[Raja Ravindra]]}}
| cinematography = I. Andrew
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| studio = Dattatreya Media
| distributor = [[Tips Industries|Tips Official]] Dattatreya Media
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|30}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Lucky Lakshman''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romantic comedy|romantic]] [[family drama]] film written and directed by AR Abhi and produced by Haritha Gogineni under the banner of Dattatreya Media. The film stars [[Syed Sohel]] as the [[Title character|titular character]] alongside [[Mokksha]], Devi Prasad, [[Raja Ravindra]], [[Sameer (Telugu actor)|Sameer Hasan]], Kadambari Kiran, Sridevi Kumar, Janshi and others. The film's music and soundtrack album is composed by [[Anup Rubens]], and the film was released on 30 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desam |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-07-06 |title='లక్కీ లక్ష్మణ్'గా బిగ్ బాస్ సోహైల్ - ఫస్ట్ లుక్‌లో డబ్బే డబ్బు |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/cinema/lucky-lakshman-movie-first-look-starring-bigg-boss-sohel-released-watch-it-here-40751 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Syed Sohel]] as Lakshman "Lucky"
* [[Mokksha]] as Shreya
* Devi Prasad as Lucky's father
* [[Raja Ravindra]] as MLA
* [[Sameer (Telugu actor)|Sameer]] as Coffee Shop Owner
* Kadambari Kiran
* Sridevi Kumar
* Shani Salmon

== Soundtrack ==
The film's score and soundtrack album is composed by [[Anup Rubens]] and the music rights were acquired by [[Tips Industries|Tips Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucky Lakshman (From "Lucky Lakshman") [Original Motion Picture Sountrack ''[sic]''] - Single by Anup Rubens & Ram Miriyala |date=2022-08-03 |url=https://music.apple.com/th/album/lucky-lakshman-from-lucky-lakshman-original-motion/1637809163 |access-date=2022-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oo Meri Jaan (From "Lucky Lakshman") [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack] |date=2022-09-03 |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5T4RqWJupGSqfiDl000L9Z |access-date=2022-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-08-30 |title=Song promo of 'Oo Meri Jaan' from 'Lucky Lakshman' unveiled |url=https://telanganatoday.com/song-promo-of-oo-meri-jaan-from-lucky-lakshman-unveiled |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Telangana Today }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Lucky Lakshman (title song)
| length1 = 4:34
| lyrics1 = [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| extra1 = [[Ram Miriyala]], Hari Priya Maranganti
| title2 = Oo Meri Jaan
| length2 = 4:02
| lyrics2 = [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| title3 = Premo Yemo
| length3 = 3:42
| lyrics3 = Haritha Gogineni
| extra3 = [[Ramya Behara]]
| title4 = College Song
| length4 = 3:25
| lyrics4 = Bhaskarabhatla
| extra4 = Rahul Sipligunj, [[Roll Rida]]
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that the film "has a regular plot oscillating between love and ambition with a few engaging moments".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucky Lakshman Movie Review |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/lucky-lakshman/movie-review/96619379.cms|access-date=2022-12-03}}</ref> A critic from ''[[NTV Telugu]]'' rated the film 2.25 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/lucky-lakshman-movie-review-292120.html|title=Lucky Lakshman Movie Review: లక్కీ లక్ష్మణ్ రివ్యూ|first=ntv|last=Telugu|date=30 December 2022|website=NTV Telugu}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=23897324}}

[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

{{2020s-Telugu-film-stub}}
{{2020s-romantic-drama-film-stub}}

K. Appavu Pillai

2026-02-14T04:48:28Z

BrianSop: General improvements and edits

{{Short description|Indian politician (1911-1973)}}
{{Redirect|K.A.P|other uses|KAP (disambiguation){{!}}Kap}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image = K.Appavupillai.jpg
|caption =
|name = K. Appavu Pillai
|office1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member Of Legislative Assembly]] [[Hosur (state assembly constituency)|(Hosur)]]
|term_start1 = 1957
|term_end1 = 1962
|predecessor1 = [[R. Muni Reddy]]
|successor1 = [[N. Ramachandra Reddy]]
|
|office2 = President of Hosur Panchayat
|term_start2 = 1943
|term_end2 = 1973 (30 Years)
|
|office3 = President of Co Operative Housing Society
|term_start3 = 1948
|term_end3 = 1973
|
|office4 = Managing Director of Salem Central Co-operative bank
|term_start4 =
|term_end4 =
|
|office5 = Director of Dharmapuri Central Co-operative bank
|term_start5 =
|term_end5 =
|
|birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1911|04|15|}}
|birth_place = [[Hosur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1973|10|01|1911|04|15|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Hosur]], India
|resting_place =
|residence = 6-45 Pudupettai, [[Hosur]], [[Salem district|Salem Dt]].
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|parents = Kulandaivelu Pillai (Father) Dheivanaiyammal (Mother)
|spouse = Ponnammal Appavu Pillai
|children = • [[K. A. Manoharan]] • K. A. Jothiprakash
|relations = [[Sivakumar]] (Grandson, [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]) [[D. Jothi Jegarajan]] (Nephew) [[R. Sivagnanam Pillai]] (Former District Revenue Officer - Tanjore)
|website = '''www.kappavupillai.in'''
|signature = K. Appavu Pillai Signature.png

|}}

'''K. Appavu Pillai''' (born 15 April 1911) is an Indian politician and former [[Member of the State Legislature (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review_2-1957-62 |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/Review_2-1957-62.pdf |access-date= |website=www.assembly.tn.gov.in}}</ref> of '''[[Hosur]]'''. K. Appavu Pillai, popularly known as '''K.A.P''', was an idealist and farsighted visionary in erstwhile [[Salem District]] and in Hosur town particularly. K. Appavu Pillai was elected as a Panchayat President, Hosur during the British regime (1943) for 30 long years till he breath his last on 1 October 1973. He won the 1957 State Assembly Election for [[Hosur (state assembly constituency)|Hosur Constituency]] and was instrumental in establishing [[State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu|SIPCOT]] in [[Hosur]].

Born at Hosur in a middle-class family got educated in the District Board High School, Hosur. He rose to the position of a legislator, Managing Director Salem Central Co-op bank and Director - Dharmapuri central Co-op Bank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=whoiswho_1957 |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/whoiswho_1957.pdf |website=www.assembly.tn.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life ==

K. Appavu pillai is a Father of [[K. A. Manoharan]].

== Elections contested ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Party
!Constituency
!Result
!opposition candidate
!opposition party
|-
|1952
|Tamil Nadu Assembly General Election
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Hosur]]
|{{lost}}
|[[R. Muni Reddy]]
|{{center |[[Independent politician|IND]]}}
|-
|1957
|Tamil Nadu Assembly General Election
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|[[Hosur]]
|{{won}}
|[[N. Ramachandra Reddy]]
|{{center |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]}}
|-
|1967
|Tamil Nadu Assembly General Election
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Hosur]]
|{{lost}}
|[[B. Venkataswamy]]
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|}

== Hosur Bus Stand named after K. Appavu Pillai ==

In 1980s the hosur bus stand was named after K. Appavu Pillai, on the remembrance of his service towards Hosur town panchayat for more than 30 years. In 2007 the new integrated bus terminus was again named after him and inaugurated by M. K. Stalin on 18 July 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/10/stories/2010071054840300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714165025/http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/10/stories/2010071054840300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 July 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=New bus stand in Hosur to be named after Appavu Pillai | date=10 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/stalin-to-commission-new-bus-stand-in-hosur-today/article520797.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Stalin to commission new bus stand in Hosur today | date=17 July 2010}}</ref>
[[File:K. Appavu Pillai bus stand.jpg|thumb|'''Hosur Bus Stand''' named after '''K.Appavu Pillai''']]

== Hosur Appavu Nagar ==
Appavu Nagar is a Locality in Hosur town named after K. Appavu Pillai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pincodes.info/in/Tamil-Nadu/Krishnagiri/Kamandoddi/APPAVU-NAGAR-HOSUR/|title=Pincode of APPAVU NAGAR HOSUR, Tamil Nadu}}</ref>
[[File:K.Appavupillai Statue.jpg|thumb|K.A.P Statue at Hosur Municipality Office inaugurated by Former Tamil Nadu Congress Leader Thiru. Ramachandran.]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.electionsinindia.com/tamilnadu/hosur-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections 1967 Election Result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401133231/https://www.electionsinindia.com/tamilnadu/hosur-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections |date=1 April 2019 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Appavu Pillai, K.}}
[[Category:History of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Krishnagiri district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]

{{TamilNadu-INC-politician-stub}}

Pritam Deb

2026-02-10T02:34:27Z

BrianSop: general fixed information for clarity and added references

{{short description|Indian physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Pritam Deb
| image = Pritam Deb.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Nanoscience]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Tezpur University]] }}
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on non isothermal kinetics
| awards = {{ublist| 2017–18 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] }}
}}
'''Pritam Deb''' is an Indian physicist, [[nanoscientist]] and a professor of physics at [[Tezpur University]].<ref name="Tezpur University Department of Physics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tezu.ernet.in/dphy/ |title=Tezpur University Department of Physics |date=2019-01-17 |website=www.tezu.ernet.in |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref><ref name="OUR SPEAKERS! – IONSManipal2019">{{Cite web |url=http://ionsmanipal.osahost.org/speakers/ |title=OUR SPEAKERS! – #ONSManipal2019 |date=2019-01-17 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> He is known for his studies on nanoscience and technology as well as the physics of materials<ref name="Department of Physics, Tezpur University">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tezu.ernet.in/dphy/staff/faculty.html |title=Department of Physics, Tezpur University |date=2019-01-17 |website=www.tezu.ernet.in |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> and has published a number of articles;<ref name="P. Deb - Google Scholar Citations">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rsTOKmIAAAAJ&hl=en |title=P. Deb - Google Scholar Citations |date=2019-01-17 |website=scholar.google.com |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 86 of them.<ref name="Pritam Deb's research works - Tezpur University, Tezpur and other places">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/77380587_Pritam_Deb |title=Pritam Deb's research works - Tezpur University, Tezpur and other places |date=2019-01-17 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> Besides, he has also published a book, ''Kinetics of Heterogeneous Solid State Processes'', on nonisothermal kinetics.<ref name="Deb2013">{{cite book|author=Pritam Deb|title=Kinetics of Heterogeneous Solid State Processes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1LABAAAQBAJ|date=3 December 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-81-322-1756-5}}</ref>

Deb was a part of the team that successfully campaigned for selecting Tezpur University as a nodal center for establishing the Technology Enabling Centre (TEC) of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]].<ref name="Department of Science & Technology picks Tezpur University to promote R&D in NE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/department-of-science-and-technology-picks-tezpur-university-to-promote-rd-in-ne/ |title=Department of Science & Technology picks Tezpur University to promote R&D in NE |date=2018-11-23 |website=The Sentinel |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref><ref name="Department of Science & Technology handpicks Tezpur University to promote R&D in the NE region » Northeast Today">{{Cite web |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/department-of-science-technology-handpicks-tezpur-university-to-promote-rd-in-the-ne-region/ |title=Department of Science & Technology handpicks Tezpur University to promote R&D in the NE region » Northeast Today |date=2018-11-22 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2017–18.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/list-of-selected-awardees-for-NBA-2017amp-2018.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2019 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>
[[File:MainView.png|thumb|235px|Tezpur University]]

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Books ===
* {{cite book|author=Pritam Deb|title=Kinetics of Heterogeneous Solid State Processes|date=3 December 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-81-322-1756-5}}
* {{cite book|author=P. P. Sahu and Pritam Deb|title=Contemporary Optics and Optoelectronics|date=30 September 2007|publisher=McGraw Hill}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last1=Deb |first1=Pritam |last2=Dasgupta |first2=Suman |last3=Choudhary |first3=Saynaz A. |last4=Kaushik |first4=Som Datta |last5=Lodha |first5=Saurabh |last6=Biswas |first6=Jayeeta |last7=Kumar |first7=Dinesh |last8=Guleria |first8=Anupam |last9=Deka |first9=Kashmiri |date=2019-01-15 |title=Janus nanoparticles for contrast enhancement of T1–T2 dual mode magnetic resonance imaging |journal=Dalton Transactions |language=en |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=1075–1083 |doi=10.1039/C8DT04038A |pmid=30601511 |s2cid=58608498 |issn=1477-9234}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Saikia |first1=K. |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=K. |last3=Sen |first3=D. |last4=Kaushik |first4=S. D. |last5=Biswas |first5=J. |last6=Lodha |first6=S. |last7=Gogoi |first7=B. |last8=Buragohain |first8=A. K. |last9=Kockenberger |first9=W. |date=2019-01-15 |title=Solvent evaporation driven entrapment of magnetic nanoparticles in mesoporous frame for designing a highly efficient MRI contrast probe |journal=Applied Surface Science |volume=464 |pages=567–576 |doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.117 |bibcode=2019ApSS..464..567S |s2cid=106388539 |issn=0169-4332|url=https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1162867 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Phukan |first1=Bedika |last2=Ghorai |first2=Samir |last3=Deka |first3=Kashmiri |last4=Deb |first4=Pritam |last5=Mukherjee |first5=Chandan |date=2018-01-03 |title=Interactions of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metals in Water-Soluble Heterometallic FeIII/M (M = Na+, K+, Ca2+)-Type Coordination Complex |journal=Crystal Growth & Design |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=531–539 |doi=10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01588 |issn=1528-7483}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Deka |first1=Kashmiri |last2=Nath |first2=Namita |last3=Saikia |first3=Binoy K. |last4=Deb |first4=Pritam |date=2017-12-01 |title=Kinetic analysis of ceria nanoparticle catalysed efficient biomass pyrolysis for obtaining high-quality bio-oil |journal=Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry |language=en |volume=130 |issue=3 |pages=1875–1883 |doi=10.1007/s10973-017-6476-0 |s2cid=98947505 |issn=1588-2926}}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Reaction progress kinetic analysis]]
* [[Janus particles]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India||Physics}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://globalprofessorrank.com/professors/dr-pritam-deb- |title=Dr. Pritam Deb-Physics-Tezpur University, Tezpur |last=rank |first=global professor |date=2019-01-17 |website=Global Professor Rank - A World of college and professors |language=en |access-date=2019-01-17}}

{{N-BIOS Laureates 2010–2019}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deb, Pritam}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Scientists from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian nanotechnologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tezpur University]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]

2024 elections in India

2026-02-08T09:50:05Z

BrianSop: basic updated intro for accuracy additionally and added references

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian elections
| year = 2024
| type =
| incumbent_pm = [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| next_lok_sabha = [[18th Lok Sabha|18th]]
| rajya_control = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] gain<ref name="NDA majority">{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Amitabh |date=2024-08-28 |title=Rajya Sabha: BJP and Allies Win 11/12 Seats, Gain Simple Majority in Upper House |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/rajya-sabha-bjp-and-allies-win-11-of-12-seats-uncontested-gain-simple-majority-in-upper-house |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905150656/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/rajya-sabha-bjp-and-allies-win-11-of-12-seats-uncontested-gain-simple-majority-in-upper-house |url-status=live }}</ref>
| rajya_seats_contested = 84 of 243 seats
| rajya_net_change = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] +13
| rajya_map =
| rajya_map_caption =
| lok_control = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] hold
| lok_seats_contested = All 543 seats
| lok_net_change = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] -60
| lok_map =
| lok_map_caption =
| Alliance-Wise Change = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] 20 States Hold
| states_contested = 8
| state_net_change = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] +2
| state_map =
| state_map_caption =
| state_seats_contested = 86
| state_by_net_change = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] +13
| state_by_map. =
| state_by_map_caption =
| website = https://elections24.eci.gov.in
}}

The '''2024 elections in India''' includes the [[2024 Indian general election|Lok Sabha Election]] and elections to the [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Legislative Assembly elections in India|state legislative assemblies]], [[Panchayati raj in India|rural]] and [[Municipal governance in India|urban]] [[Local government in India|local bodies]].

==Lok Sabha election==

{{main|2024 Indian general election}}
General elections were held from 19 April to 1 June 2024 in seven phases to elect [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|543 members]] of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Schedule of Elections |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/press-note-no-23.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418055529/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/press-note-no-23.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2024 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Election 2024: All dates, full schedule, constituency-wise details, all you need to know |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-election-2024-dates-phase-wise-schedule-constituency-wise-details-all-you-need-to-know-2515626-2024-03-16 |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=13 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413145031/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-election-2024-dates-phase-wise-schedule-constituency-wise-details-all-you-need-to-know-2515626-2024-03-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Date*
!Election
!colspan="2"|Government before
!Prime Minister before
!colspan="2"|Government after
!Elected Prime Minister
|-
|19 April – 1 June 2024
|[[2024 Indian general election|Lok Sabha]]
|{{Full party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|{{Full party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|-
|}

== Lok Sabha by-elections ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Date
!Constituency
!State/UT
! colspan="3" |Previous MP
!Reason
!colspan=3|Elected MP
|-
!1
|[[2024 Wayanad by-election|13 November 2024]]<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
|[[Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency|Wayanad]]
|[[Kerala]]
|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Resigned on 18 June 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-18 |title=Rahul Gandhi resigns from Wayanad Lok Sabha seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-resigns-from-wayanad-lok-sabha-seat/articleshow/111091961.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619012623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-resigns-from-wayanad-lok-sabha-seat/articleshow/111091961.cms |archive-date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2025-12-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| [[Priyanka Gandhi]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
!2
|20 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
|[[Nanded Lok Sabha constituency|Nanded]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Vasantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]
|Died on 26 August 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-26 |title=Nanded MP Vasant Chavan passes away at 64 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/vasant-chavan-death-news-nanded-mp-passes-away-at-64/articleshow/112792396.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828161853/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/vasant-chavan-death-news-nanded-mp-passes-away-at-64/articleshow/112792396.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Ravindra Vasantrao Chavan]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|}

==Rajya Sabha elections==
{{main|2024 Rajya Sabha elections}}

Elections for 84 seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]] were held on 19 January, 27 February, 25 June, and 3 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-22 |title=Elections to three Rajya Sabha seats from Delhi, one from Sikkim on January 19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/elections-to-three-rajya-sabha-seats-from-delhi-one-from-sikkim-on-january-19/article67665759.ece |access-date=2025-10-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224223106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/elections-to-three-rajya-sabha-seats-from-delhi-one-from-sikkim-on-january-19/article67665759.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=56 Rajya Sabha Seats From 15 States Go To Polls On February 27 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/56-rajya-sabha-seats-15-states-polling-voting-february-27 |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110021349/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/56-rajya-sabha-seats-15-states-polling-voting-february-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-27 |title=Rajya Sabha elections for 4 seats in Kerala and Maharashtra on June 25 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rajya-sabha-elections-kerala-maharashtra-election-commission-2544540-2024-05-27 |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527215703/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rajya-sabha-elections-kerala-maharashtra-election-commission-2544540-2024-05-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=Elections to 12 Rajya Sabha Seats Scheduled for September 3: Election Commission |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/07/elections-to-12-rajya-sabha-seats-scheduled-for-september-3-election-commission |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910033314/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/07/elections-to-12-rajya-sabha-seats-scheduled-for-september-3-election-commission |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Date
!Election
!Majority before
!colspan="2"|Majority after
|-
|January - December 2024
|[[2024 Rajya Sabha elections|Rajya Sabha]]
|''None''
|{{Full party name with color|National Democratic Alliance}}<ref name="NDA majority"/>
|-
|}

== Legislative assembly elections ==
The elections for the following state legislative assemblies took place in 2024.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Date(s)
!State
!colspan="2"|Government before
!Chief Minister before
! colspan="2" |Government after
!Elected Chief Minister
!Maps
|-
| rowspan="2" |19 April 2024
|[[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pema Khandu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pema Khandu]]
|[[File:IN-AR.svg|50px]]
|-
|[[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]]
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|[[Prem Singh Tamang]]
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|[[Prem Singh Tamang]]
|[[File:IN-SK.svg|50px]]
|-
|13 May 2024
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party }}
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[File:IN-AP.svg|50px]]
|-
|13 May – 1 June 2024
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|[[File:IN-OD.svg|50px]]
|-
|18 September – 1 October 2024
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="left" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|[[Omar Abdullah]]
|[[File:IN-JK (2019, claimed).svg|50px]]
|-
|5 October 2024
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Nayab Singh Saini]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Nayab Singh Saini]]
|[[File:IN-HR.svg|50px]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|13 – 20 November 2024
|rowspan="2"|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Hemant Soren]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|rowspan = "2"|[[Hemant Soren]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:IN-JH.svg|50px]]
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|rowspan="3"|20 November 2024
|rowspan="3"|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan = "3"|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="3"|[[File:IN-MH.svg|50px]]
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|}

==Legislative Assembly by-elections==
===[[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|Rowspan=5|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-15 |title=Assembly bypolls for 48 constituencies, 2 Lok Sabha seats in 2 phases: Check full list and schedule |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assembly-bypolls-for-48-constituencies-2-lok-sabha-seats-in-2-phases-check-full-list-and-schedule-2024-10-15-957266 |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=India TV News |language=en |archive-date=14 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114014232/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assembly-bypolls-for-48-constituencies-2-lok-sabha-seats-in-2-phases-check-full-list-and-schedule-2024-10-15-957266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!11
|[[Dholai Assembly constituency|Dholai]]
|[[Parimal Suklabaidya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rowspan=5|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Nihar Ranjan Das]]<ref name="November bypoll result">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Bypoll Election Result: Complete List Of Winners Across 48 Assembly Seats, 2 Lok Sabha Constituencies |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/bypolls-election-results-2024-complete-list-of-winners-constituencies-16-states-1733369 |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=ABP Live |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123142857/https://news.abplive.com/elections/bypolls-election-results-2024-complete-list-of-winners-constituencies-16-states-1733369 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
|-
!31
|[[Sidli Assembly constituency|Sidli]]
|[[Joyanta Basumatary]]
|{{Full party name with color|United People's Party Liberal}}
|[[Nirmal Kumar Brahma]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|United People's Party Liberal}}
|-
!32
|[[Bongaigaon Assembly constituency|Bongaigaon]]
|[[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]
|{{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|[[Diptimayee Choudhury]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
!77
|[[Behali Assembly constituency|Behali]]
|[[Ranjit Dutta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Diganta Ghatowal]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
!88
|[[Samaguri Assembly constituency|Samaguri]]
|[[Rakibul Hussain]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Diplu Ranjan Sarmah]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|}

===[[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|1 June 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll">{{Cite news |date=2024-03-16 |title=26 Assembly bypolls to be held along with Lok Sabha elections |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/26-assembly-by-elections-to-be-held-along-with-lok-sabha-polls/article67958496.ece |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
!195
|[[Agiaon Assembly constituency|Agiaon]]
|[[Manoj Manzil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|Disqualified on 16 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=CPI-ML MLA Manoj Manzil disqualified from Bihar assembly |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Feb/16/cpi-ml-mla-manoj-manzil-disqualified-from-bihar-assembly |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203052928/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Feb/16/cpi-ml-mla-manoj-manzil-disqualified-from-bihar-assembly |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Shiv Prakash Ranjan]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=Congress secures 4 of 6 Himachal seats in bypolls, BJP bags all 5 in Gujarat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/congress-secures-4-of-6-himachal-seats-in-bypolls-bjp-bags-all-5-in-gujarat/articleshow/110713503.cms |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120214528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/congress-secures-4-of-6-himachal-seats-in-bypolls-bjp-bags-all-5-in-gujarat/articleshow/110713503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|-
|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-10 |title=Bypolls in 13 Assembly seats in seven States on July 10 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/bypolls-in-13-assembly-seats-in-seven-states-on-july-10/article68272938.ece |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903160327/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/bypolls-in-13-assembly-seats-in-seven-states-on-july-10/article68272938.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
!60
|[[Rupauli Assembly constituency|Rupauli]]
|[[Bima Bharti]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}
|Resigned on 11 April 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Politics/Read/994697380/Bima-resigns-from-post-of-MLA-will-contest-elections | title=Bima resigns from post of MLA, will contest elections | access-date=23 May 2024 | archive-date=23 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523090034/https://www.indiaherald.com/Politics/Read/994697380/Bima-resigns-from-post-of-MLA-will-contest-elections | url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Shankar Singh (Bihar politician)|Shankar Singh]]<ref name="July bypoll result">{{Cite news |date=2024-07-13 |title=Assembly bypoll result: INDIA bloc wins 10 out of 13 seats, BJP 2; independent bags Bihar seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/assembly-bypolls-its-nda-vs-india-in-13-seats-across-seven-states/articleshow/111703713.cms |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917022947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/assembly-bypolls-its-nda-vs-india-in-13-seats-across-seven-states/articleshow/111703713.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|Rowspan=4|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!196
|[[Tarari Assembly constituency|Tarari]]
|[[Sudama Prasad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|Rowspan=4|Elected to Lok Sabha on June 4, 2024
|[[Vishal Prashant]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
!203
|[[Ramgarh, Bihar Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]]
|[[Sudhakar Singh (Bihar politician)|Sudhakar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|[[Ashok Kumar Singh (Ramgarh)|Ashok Kumar Singh]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!227
|[[Imamganj Assembly constituency|Imamganj]]
|[[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
|[[Deepa Manjhi]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
| {{Full party name with color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}
|-
!232
|[[Belaganj Assembly constituency|Belaganj]]
|[[Surendra Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|[[Manorama Devi]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=yes}}
|}

===[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="5"|Elected MLA
|-
|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!51
|[[Raipur City South Assembly constituency|Raipur City South]]
|[[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha on June 4, 2024
|Colspan=3|[[Sunil Kumar Soni]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

===[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
| rowspan="5" |7 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!26
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
|[[C. J. Chavda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4|dab=yes}}
|Resigned on 19 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-congress-mla-cj-chavda-bjp-9116765/|title=Gujarat Congress MLA C J Chavda resigns, likely to join BJP|work=The Indian Express|date=19 January 2024|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119061533/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-congress-mla-cj-chavda-bjp-9116765/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[C. J. Chavda]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6|dab=yes}}
|-
!83
|[[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]
|[[Arjun Modhwadia]]
|Resigned on 4 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjun Modhwadia, Congress leader resigns from Gujarat Assembly, likely to join BJP|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/gujarat/arjun-modhwadia-congress-leader-resigns-from-gujarat-assembly-join-bjp-lok-sabha-elections-latest-updates-2024-03-04-919845|work=IndiaTV|date=4 March 2024|access-date=4 March 2024|archive-date=4 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304121209/https://www.indiatvnews.com/gujarat/arjun-modhwadia-congress-leader-resigns-from-gujarat-assembly-join-bjp-lok-sabha-elections-latest-updates-2024-03-04-919845|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Arjun Modhwadia]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
!85
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]
|[[Arvindbhai Ladani]]
|Resigned on 6 March 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=Another Congress MLA resigns from Guj assembly set to join BJP|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/03/06/bom27-gj-cong-mla-resign.html|work=TheWeek|access-date=4 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323141020/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/03/06/bom27-gj-cong-mla-resign.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Arvindbhai Ladani]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
!108
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]
|[[Chirag Patel (Gujarat politician)|Chirag Patel]]
|Resigned on 19 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-19|title=Khambhat Congress MLA Chirag Patel resigns|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2023/12/19/khambhat-congress-mla-chirag-patel-likely-to-resign/|access-date=2023-12-19|website=DeshGujarat|language=en-US|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219084917/https://deshgujarat.com/2023/12/19/khambhat-congress-mla-chirag-patel-likely-to-resign/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Chirag Patel (Gujarat politician)|Chirag Patel]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
!136
|[[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]
|[[Dharmendrasinh Vaghela]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|Resigned on 25 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Independent MLA Dharmendrasinh Vaghela resigns, to return to BJP in Gujarat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/independent-mla-dharmendrasinh-vaghela-resigns-to-return-to-bjp-in-gujarat-101706239868879.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301102303/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/independent-mla-dharmendrasinh-vaghela-resigns-to-return-to-bjp-in-gujarat-101706239868879.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Dharmendrasinh Vaghela]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!7
|[[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]
|[[Geni Thakor]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Swarupji Thakor]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
|}

===[[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Haryana]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|25 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!21
|[[Karnal Assembly constituency|Karnal]]
|[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Resigned on 13 March 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-13 |title=Former Haryana CM Manohar Lal Khattar resigns as BJP MLA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-haryana-cm-manohar-lal-khattar-resigns-as-bjp-mla/articleshow/108462195.cms |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329111246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-haryana-cm-manohar-lal-khattar-resigns-as-bjp-mla/articleshow/108462195.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Nayab Singh Saini]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

===[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|rowspan=6|1 June 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!18
|[[Dharamshala Assembly constituency|Dharamshala]]
|[[Sudhir Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|rowspan=6 |Disqualified on 29 February 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-29 |title=Himachal Pradesh: Six Congress MLAs disqualified under the provisions of anti-defection law for defying the Whip |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-six-congress-mlas-disqualified-under-anti-defection-law-for-defying-whip/articleshow/108100514.cms |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301102303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-six-congress-mlas-disqualified-under-anti-defection-law-for-defying-whip/articleshow/108100514.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Sudhir Sharma]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
!21
|[[Lahaul and Spiti Assembly constituency|Lahaul and Spiti]]
|Ravi Thakur
|[[Anuradha Rana]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
!37
|[[Sujanpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Sujanpur]]
|[[Rajinder Rana]]
|Ranjit Singh<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
!39
|[[Barsar Assembly constituency|Barsar]]
|[[Inder Dutt Lakhanpal]]
|[[Inder Dutt Lakhanpal]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
!42
|[[Gagret Assembly constituency|Gagret]]
|Chaitanya Sharma
|Rakesh Kalia<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
!45
|[[Kutlehar Assembly constituency|Kutlehar]]
|Davinder Kumar Bhutto
|Vivek Sharma<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
|rowspan=3|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll" />
!10
|[[Dehra Assembly constituency|Dehra]]
|[[Hoshyar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent|rowspan=3}}
|rowspan=3|Resigned on 22 March 2024<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-congress-in-himachal-pradesh-3-independent-mlas-resign-set-to-join-bjp/articleshow/108712215.cms|title=More trouble for Congress in Himachal Pradesh? 3 Independent MLAs resign, set to join BJP|work=Times of India|date=22 March 2024|access-date=22 March 2024|archive-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322133609/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-congress-in-himachal-pradesh-3-independent-mlas-resign-set-to-join-bjp/articleshow/108712215.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Kamlesh Thakur]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|-
!38
|[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Hamirpur]]
|[[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]
|[[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
!51
|[[Nalagarh Assembly constituency|Nalagarh]]
|[[Krishan Lal Thakur|K.L. Thakur]]
|[[Hardeep Singh Bawa]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]] ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!Elected MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|20 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!31
|[[Gandey Assembly constituency|Gandey]]
|[[Sarfaraz Ahmad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|Resigned on 1 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand's JMM MLA Sarfaraz Ahmad resigns from assembly |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/jharkhands-jmm-mla-sarfaraz-ahmad-resigns-from-assembly-2831218 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102184926/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/jharkhands-jmm-mla-sarfaraz-ahmad-resigns-from-assembly-2831218 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Kalpana Soren]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|}

=== [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]] ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|7 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!36
|[[Shorapur Assembly constituency|Shorapur]]
|Raja Venkatappa Naik
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Died on 24 February 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-25 |title=Surpur MLA Raja Venkatappa Naik passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/surpur-mla-raja-venkatappa-naik-passes-away/article67884846.ece |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123073127/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/surpur-mla-raja-venkatappa-naik-passes-away/article67884846.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Raja Venugopal Naik]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" /><ref name="2024 Bye Election Results - Shorapur">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S1036.htm|title=2024 Bye Election Results - Shorapur|last1=Election Commission of India|date=4 June 2024|access-date=7 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807153025/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S1036.htm|archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|Rowspan=3|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!83
|[[Shiggaon Assembly constituency|Shiggaon]]
|[[Basavaraj Bommai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Rowspan=3| Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Yasir Ahmed Khan Pathan]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!95
|[[Sandur (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Sandur]]
|[[E. Tukaram]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[E. Annapoorna Tukaram]]<ref name="November bypoll result" /><ref name="Congress' E Annapoorna wins Sandur Assembly bypoll in Karnataka">{{cite news |last1=Deccan Herald |date=23 November 2024 |title=Congress' E Annapoorna wins Sandur Assembly bypoll in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/congress-e-annapoorna-wins-sandur-assembly-bypoll-in-karnataka-3288767 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123155939/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/congress-e-annapoorna-wins-sandur-assembly-bypoll-in-karnataka-3288767 |archive-date=23 November 2024 |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!185
|[[Channapatna (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Channapatna]]
|[[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|[[C. P. Yogeshwara]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|}

===[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|20 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 2">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-04 |title=Elections 2024: ECI reschedules bypolls in 14 Assembly constituencies across Kerala, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/elections-2024-eci-reschedules-polling-date-for-bypolls-across-14-constituencies-in-kerala-punjab-and-uttar-pradesh/3656063/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>
!56
|[[Palakkad Assembly constituency|Palakkad]]
|[[Shafi Parambil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|dab=yes}}
|Rowspan=2|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June
|[[Rahul Mamkootathil]]<ref name="November bypoll result" /><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/palakkad-bypoll-results-and-rahul-mamkootathil/article68901137.ece | title=Palakkad Assembly bypoll: UDF's Rahul Mamkootathil sets record victory | newspaper=The Hindu | archive-date=25 November 2024 | access-date=23 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125134242/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/palakkad-bypoll-results-and-rahul-mamkootathil/article68901137.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!61
|[[Chelakkara Assembly constituency|Chelakkara]]
|[[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)|K. Radhakrishnan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|[[U. R. Pradeep]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|}

===[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!Elected MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll" />
!123
|[[Amarwara Assembly constituency|Amarwara]]
|[[Kamlesh Shah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Resigned on 29 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-29 |title=Kamlesh Shah quits as Congress MLA from Kamal Nath's home turf Chhindwara, joins BJP |url=https://theprint.in/india/kamlesh-shah-quits-as-congress-mla-from-kamal-naths-home-turf-chhindwara-joins-bjp/2020381/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713075350/https://theprint.in/india/kamlesh-shah-quits-as-congress-mla-from-kamal-naths-home-turf-chhindwara-joins-bjp/2020381/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Kamlesh Shah]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|Rowspan=2|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!2
|[[Vijaypur, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Vijaypur]]
|[[Ramnivas Rawat]]
|Resigned on 8 July 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bhopal-news/excongress-mla-ramniwas-rawat-takes-oath-as-minister-in-madhya-pradesh-cabinet-101720415522876.html|title=Ex-Congress MLA Ramniwas Rawat takes oath as minister in Madhya Pradesh cabinet|work=Hindustan Times|date=8 July 2024|access-date=15 July 2024|archive-date=8 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208092642/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bhopal-news/excongress-mla-ramniwas-rawat-takes-oath-as-minister-in-madhya-pradesh-cabinet-101720415522876.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Mukesh Malhotra]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!156
|[[Budhni Assembly constituency|Budhni]]
|[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June
|[[Ramakant Bhargava]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

===[[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!Elected MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!56
|[[Gambegre Assembly constituency|Gambegre]]
|[[Saleng A. Sangma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June
|[[Mehtab Sangma|Mehtab Chandee Agitok Sangma]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|-
|}

=== [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]] ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll" />
!34
|[[Jalandhar West Assembly constituency|Jalandhar West]]
|[[Sheetal Angural]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Resigned on 28 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-29 |title=Sheetal Angural resigns as Punjab MLA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sheetal-angural-resigns-as-punjab-mla-101711653994908.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427185137/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sheetal-angural-resigns-as-punjab-mla-101711653994908.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Mohinder Bhagat]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|rowspan="4" |20 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 2" />
!44
|[[Chabbewal Assembly constituency|Chabbewal]]
|[[Raj Kumar Chabbewal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|Resigned on 15 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Raj Kumar Chabbewal Resigns from Congress Primary Membership and MLA Position |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/raj-kumar-chabbewal-resigns-from-congress-primary-membership-and-mla-position-likely-to-join-aap-a517/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611030602/https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/raj-kumar-chabbewal-resigns-from-congress-primary-membership-and-mla-position-likely-to-join-aap-a517/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Ishank Kumar Chabbewal|Ishank Kumar]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!10
|[[Dera Baba Nanak Assembly constituency|Dera Baba Nanak]]
|[[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
| rowspan=3|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Gurdeep Singh Randhawa]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!84
|[[Gidderbaha Assembly constituency|Gidderbaha]]
|[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
|[[Hardeep Singh Dhillon|Hardeep Singh Dimpy Dhillon]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!103
|[[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala]]
|[[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Kuldeep Singh Dhillon]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

===[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
! colspan="3" |Elected MLA
|-
|26 April 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!165
|[[Bagidora Assembly constituency|Bagidora]]
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|Resigned on 19 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Veteran tribal leader and Rajasthan Congress MLA Malviya joins BJP |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/veteran-tribal-leader-and-rajasthan-congress-mla-malviya-joins-bjp-1503271092.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The Statesman |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114154811/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/veteran-tribal-leader-and-rajasthan-congress-mla-malviya-joins-bjp-1503271092.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Jaikrishn Patel]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="7" |13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!27
|[[Jhunjhunu Assembly constituency|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Rajendra Bhamboo]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
!67
|[[Ramgarh, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]]
|[[Zubair Khan (Indian politician)|Zubair Khan]]
|Died on 14 September 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-14 |title=Congress MLA Zubair Khan passes away in Alwar |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajasthan/congress-mla-zubair-khan-passes-away-in-alwar-3190763 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914070813/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajasthan/congress-mla-zubair-khan-passes-away-in-alwar-3190763 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Sukhavant Singh]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!88
|[[Dausa Assembly constituency|Dausa]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
| rowspan="3" |Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Deen Dayal Bairwa]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!97
|[[Deoli-Uniara Assembly constituency|Deoli-Uniara]]
|[[Harish Chandra Meena]]
|[[Rajendra Gurjar]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
!110
|[[Khinwsar Assembly constituency|Khinwsar]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|[[Rewant Ram Danga]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!156
|[[Salumber Assembly constituency|Salumber]]
|[[Amrit Lal Meena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 8 August 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-08 |title=Rajasthan BJP MLA Amrit Lal Meena dies of cardiac arrest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/rajasthan-bjp-mla-amrit-lal-meena-dies-of-cardiac-arrest/article68501642.ece |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=18 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918035609/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/rajasthan-bjp-mla-amrit-lal-meena-dies-of-cardiac-arrest/article68501642.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Shanta Meena|Shanta Amrit Lal Meena]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!161
|[[Chorasi Assembly constituency|Chorasi]]
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Anil Kumar Katara]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|}

===[[Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|rowspan=2|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!7
|[[Soreng-Chakung Assembly constituency|Soreng-Chakung]]
|[[Prem Singh Tamang]]
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|Resigned on 14 June 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=Sikkim CM Resigns As MLA From Soreng-Chakung Constituency |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/06/14/sikkim-cm-resigns-as-mla-from-soreng-chakung-constituency/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713075941/https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/06/14/sikkim-cm-resigns-as-mla-from-soreng-chakung-constituency/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Aditya Tamang]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
!11
|[[Namchi-Singhithang Assembly constituency|Namchi-Singhithang]]
|[[Krishna Kumari Rai]]
|Resigned on 13 June 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-13 |title=Sikkim CM Prem Singh Tamang's wife Krishna Kumari Rai quits as MLA, day after taking oath |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sikkim-cm-prem-singh-tamangs-wife-krishna-kumari-rai-quits-as-mla-day-after-taking-oath/articleshow/110972975.cms |access-date=2024-07-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713080206/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sikkim-cm-prem-singh-tamangs-wife-krishna-kumari-rai-quits-as-mla-day-after-taking-oath/articleshow/110972975.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Satish Chandra Rai (politician)|Satish Chandra Rai]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
|}

===[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|19 April 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!233
|[[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]]
|[[S. Vijayadharani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Resigned on 24 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-25 |title=TNLA Speaker M Appavu accepts Vijayadharani's resignation |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/tnla-speaker-m-appavu-accepts-vijayadharanis-resignation-770137 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301104909/https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/tnla-speaker-m-appavu-accepts-vijayadharanis-resignation-770137 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Tharahai Cuthbert]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll" />
!75
|[[Vikravandi Assembly constituency|Vikravandi]]
|[[N. Pugazhenthi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|Died on 6 April 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-06 |title=Vikravandi DMK MLA N Pugazhenthi dies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/vikravandi-dmk-mla-n-pugazhenthi-dies/articleshow/109083629.cms |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406080448/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/vikravandi-dmk-mla-n-pugazhenthi-dies/articleshow/109083629.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Anniyur Siva]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

===[[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|rowspan="1"|13 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!71
|[[Secunderabad Cantonment Assembly constituency|Secunderabad Cantonment]]
|[[G. Lasya Nanditha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|Died on 23 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=Lasya Nanditha, BRS MLA, killed in road mishap in Hyderabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-brs-mla-from-secunderabad-cantonment-killed-in-road-mishap-101708655575987.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=13 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513061225/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-brs-mla-from-secunderabad-cantonment-killed-in-road-mishap-101708655575987.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Sri Ganesh (politician)|Sri Ganesh]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

===[[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|19 April 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!7
|[[Ramnagar, Tripura Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]
|[[Surajit Datta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 27 December 2023<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-28 |title=Seven-term Tripura MLA and BJP leader Surajit Datta passes away at 70 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/seven-term-tripura-mla-and-bjp-leader-surajit-datta-passes-away-at-70/articleshow/106347214.cms |access-date=2023-12-31 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231052804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/seven-term-tripura-mla-and-bjp-leader-surajit-datta-passes-away-at-70/articleshow/106347214.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Dipak Majumder]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

===[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|rowspan=2|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll" />
!4
|[[Badrinath Assembly constituency|Badrinath]]
|[[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Resigned on 17 March 2024<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/badrinath-congress-mla-joins-bjp/articleshow/108570791.cms | title=Badrinath Congress MLA Rajendra Singh Bhandari joins BJP | newspaper=The Times of India | date=18 March 2024 | archive-date=18 March 2024 | access-date=18 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318084335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/badrinath-congress-mla-joins-bjp/articleshow/108570791.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Lakhpat Singh Butola]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
!33
|[[Manglaur Assembly constituency|Manglaur]]
|[[Sarwat Karim Ansari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|Died on 30 October 2023<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-10-31|title=BSP legislator Sarwat Karim Ansari dies at 66|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/bsp-legislator-sarwat-karim-ansari-dies-at-66/articleshow/104842842.cms|access-date=2023-12-19|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219091620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/bsp-legislator-sarwat-karim-ansari-dies-at-66/articleshow/104842842.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Muhammad Nizamuddin]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|-
|20 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!7
|[[Kedarnath Assembly constituency|Kedarnath]]
|[[Shaila Rani Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 9 July 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/story/bjp-kedarnath-mla-shaila-rani-rawat-passes-away-at-68-2564731-2024-07-10|title=BJP Kedarnath MLA Shaila Rani Rawat passes away at 68|work=India Today|date=10 July 2024|access-date=10 July 2024|archive-date=10 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710085545/https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/story/bjp-kedarnath-mla-shaila-rani-rawat-passes-away-at-68-2564731-2024-07-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Asha Nautiyal]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

===[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]===
{{For|detailed result|2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|13 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!136
|[[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]
|[[Manvendra Singh (Dadraul politician)|Manvendra Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|Died on 5 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=UP BJP MLA Manvendra Singh dies after prolonged liver problem|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttar-pradesh/up-bjp-mla-manvendra-singh-dies-after-prolonged-liver-problem-2836767|access-date=5 January 2024|work=Deccan Herald|archive-date=5 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105213429/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttar-pradesh/up-bjp-mla-manvendra-singh-dies-after-prolonged-liver-problem-2836767|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Arvind Kumar Singh (Dadraul politician)|Arvind Kumar Singh]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|20 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!173
|[[Lucknow East Assembly constituency|Lucknow East]]
|[[Ashutosh Tandon]]
|Died on 9 November 2023<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-10|title=3-term BJP MLA from Lucknow East Ashutosh Tandon passes away at 63|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/3-term-bjp-mla-from-lucknow-east-ashutosh-tandon-passes-away-at-63-9020973/|access-date=2023-12-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215224626/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/3-term-bjp-mla-from-lucknow-east-ashutosh-tandon-passes-away-at-63-9020973/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[O. P. Srivastava]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
|25 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!292
|[[Gainsari Assembly constituency|Gainsari]]
|[[Shiv Pratap Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|Died on 28 January 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Samajwadi Party sitting MLA Shiv Pratap Yadav passes away; CM Yogi, Akhilesh express condolences |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/samajwadi-party-sitting-mla-dr-shiv-pratap-yadav-passes-away-in-gurugram-hospital-gainsari-assembly-constituency-legislator-last-rites-condolences-2024-01-26-913824 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rakesh Kumar Yadav (politician)|Rakesh Kumar Yadav]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|1 June 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!403
|[[Duddhi Assembly constituency|Duddhi]]
|Ramdular Gaur
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Disqualified on 15 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-15|title=BJP MLA found guilty of raping minor girl, gets 25 years imprisonment|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-bjp-mla-ramdular-gaur-found-guilty-of-raping-minor-girl-gets-25-years-imprisonment-11702642425905.html|access-date=2023-12-16|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207031934/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-bjp-mla-ramdular-gaur-found-guilty-of-raping-minor-girl-gets-25-years-imprisonment-11702642425905.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Vijay Singh Gond]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
|rowspan=9|20 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 2" />
!16
|[[Meerapur Assembly constituency|Meerapur]]
|[[Chandan Chauhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|rowspan=5|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Mithlesh Pal]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal }}
|-
!29
|[[Kundarki Assembly constituency|Kundarki]]
|[[Ziaur Rahman Barq]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[Thakur Ramveer Singh|Ramveer Singh]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
!56
|[[Ghaziabad Assembly constituency|Ghaziabad]]
|[[Atul Garg]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|[[Sanjeev Sharma (politician)|Sanjeev Sharma]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!71
|[[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]]
|[[Anoop Pradhan]]
|[[Surender Diler]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!110
|[[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|[[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
!213
|[[Sishamau (Assembly constituency)|Sishamau]]
|[[Haji Irfan Solanki]]
|Disqualified on 7 June 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Sitting SP MLA Irfan Solanki gets 7 years RI, stands disqualified from UP assembly |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Jun/07/sitting-sp-mla-irfan-solanki-gets-7-years-ri-stands-disqualified-from-up-assembly |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713080537/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Jun/07/sitting-sp-mla-irfan-solanki-gets-7-years-ri-stands-disqualified-from-up-assembly |url-status=live }}</ref>
|Naseem Solanki<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!256
|[[Phulpur Assembly constituency|Phulpur]]
|[[Praveen Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan=3|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|[[Deepak Patel]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan = 3}}
|-
!277
|[[Katehari Assembly constituency|Katehari]]
|[[Lalji Verma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
| [[Dharmraj Nishad]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!397
|[[Majhawan Assembly constituency|Majhawan]]
|[[Vinod Kumar Bind]]
|{{Full party name with color|NISHAD Party}}
|[[Suchismita Maurya]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
|}

===[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
|7 May 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!62
|[[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]]
|[[Idris Ali (politician)|Idris Ali]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Died on 16 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=TMC MLA Idris Ali dies from illness |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/tmc-mla-idris-ali-dies-from-illness-2897354 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216060909/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/tmc-mla-idris-ali-dies-from-illness-2897354 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Reyat Hossain Sarkar]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=12}}
|-
|1 June 2024<ref name="April–June bypoll" />
!113
|[[Baranagar Assembly constituency|Baranagar]]
|[[Tapas Roy]]
|Resigned on 4 March 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-04 |title=Trinamool MLA Tapas Roy quits party, resigns from assembly |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/veteran-trinamool-congress-leader-tapas-roy-quits-as-mla/article67912658.ece |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311094051/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/veteran-trinamool-congress-leader-tapas-roy-quits-as-mla/article67912658.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Sayantika Banerjee]]<ref name="April–June bypoll result" />
|-
|Rowspan=4|10 July 2024<ref name="July bypoll" />
!35
|[[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]]
|[[Krishna Kalyani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|Resigned on 27 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=Krishna Kalyani resigns as Raiganj MLA following Lok Sabha nomination by TMC |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/krishna-kalyani-resigns-as-raiganj-mla-following-lok-sabha-nomination-by-tmc/cid/2009518 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=Telegraph India |archive-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429054917/https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/krishna-kalyani-resigns-as-raiganj-mla-following-lok-sabha-nomination-by-tmc/cid/2009518 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Krishna Kalyani]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|-
!90
|[[Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Dakshin]]
|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]
|rowspan=2|Resigned on 19 April 2024<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 April 2024|title=Bengal: Another turncoat MLA resigns, Biswajit Das to contest from Bangaon on TMC ticket|url=https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-mla-biswajit-das-resigned-his-post-23700469.html|access-date=19 April 2024|website=Jagran|language=hi|archive-date=19 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419160949/https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-mla-biswajit-das-resigned-his-post-23700469.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|-
!94
|[[Bagdah Assembly constituency|Bagdah]]
|[[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|[[Madhuparna Thakur]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|-
!167
|[[Maniktala Assembly constituency|Maniktala]]
|[[Sadhan Pande]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Died on 20 February 2022<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-20|title=West Bengal Cabinet Minister Sadhan Pande passes away at 71|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-cabinet-minister-sadhan-pande-dead-7782167/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108222220/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-cabinet-minister-sadhan-pande-dead-7782167/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|The seat fell vacant due to the death of sitting MLA Sadhan Pande on 20th February 2022. However, by-polls to the seat couldn't be held even after 6 months of Pande's death (according to Indian law) because BJP candidate Kalyan Chaubey filed an [[election petition]] in the [[Calcutta High Court]] alleging irregularities in polling & demanded a recount of votes. The [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] forbids holding any polls to the seat until any election petition concerning that seat hasn't been resolved at the court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title=HC rejects PIL demanding by-poll in Maniktala Assembly constituency |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/hc-rejects-pil-demanding-bypoll-in-maniktala-assembly-constituency-515610 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=MillenniumPost |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124000321/https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/hc-rejects-pil-demanding-bypoll-in-maniktala-assembly-constituency-515610 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 April 2024, Choubey withdrew his election petition from the court, making way for by-poll to the seat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-30 |title=Kalyan Chaubey withdraws poll petition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bjp-leader-kalyan-chaubey-withdraws-petition-challenging-election-process-at-maniktala-assembly-constituency/articleshow/109707857.cms |access-date=2024-07-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713080850/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bjp-leader-kalyan-chaubey-withdraws-petition-challenging-election-process-at-maniktala-assembly-constituency/articleshow/109707857.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|[[Supti Pandey]]<ref name="July bypoll result" />
|-
|rowspan=6|13 November 2024<ref name="November bypoll 1" />
!6
|[[Sitai Assembly constituency|Sitai]]
|[[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia]]
|rowspan=6|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|Colspan=1 Rowspan=1|[[Sangita Roy]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!14
|[[Madarihat Assembly constituency|Madarihat]]
|[[Manoj Tigga]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jay Prakash Toppo]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!104
|[[Naihati Assembly constituency|Naihati]]
|[[Partha Bhowmick]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|[[Sanat Dey]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!121
|[[Haroa Assembly constituency|Haroa]]
|[[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|[[Sheikh Rabiul Islam]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!236
|[[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Medinipur]]
|[[June Malia]]
|[[Sujoy Hazra]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|-
!251
|[[Taldangra Assembly constituency|Taldangra]]
|[[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]
|[[Falguni Singhababu]]<ref name="November bypoll result" />
|}

==Local body elections==


===Assam===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!Autonomous Council
!colspan=2|Government before
!colspan=2|Government after
|-
|[[2024 Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election|8 January 2024]]
|[[Dima Hasao Autonomous Council]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

=== Punjab ===
{{Main|2024 Punjab, India local elections}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
!Date
! Municipal corporation
! colspan="2" | Government before
! colspan="2" |Government after
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[2024 Punjab, India local elections|21 December 2024]]
|[[Amritsar Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|Jalandhar Municipal Corporation
|-
|[[Patiala Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Ludhiana Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| Phagwara Municipal Corporation
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-12 |title=In Phagwara, BJP mayor elected unanimously |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/in-phagwara-bjp-mayor-elected-unanimously/articleshow/46535035.cms |access-date=2023-04-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[2023 elections in India]]
* [[2024 Rajya Sabha elections]]
* [[2025 elections in India]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2024 elections in India| ]]
[[Category:2024 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]
[[Category:2024 in India|Elections]]

Nooshin Al Khadeer

2026-02-06T06:18:25Z

BrianSop: Content refined for better accuracy

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1981)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Nooshin Al Khadeer
| female = true
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Nooshin Al Khadeer
| nickname = Noosh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|2|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kalaburagi]], [[Karnataka]], India
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off spin|off break]]
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]

| international = true
| internationalspan = 2002–2012

| testdebutdate = 27 November
| testdebutyear = 2003
| testdebutagainst = New Zealand
| testcap = 62
| lasttestdate = 29 August
| lasttestyear = 2006
| lasttestagainst = England

| odidebutdate = 8 January
| odidebutyear = 2002
| odidebutagainst = England
| odicap = 63
| lastodidate = 16 March
| lastodiyear = 2012
| lastodiagainst = Australia

| T20Idebutdate = 5 August
| T20Idebutyear = 2006
| T20Idebutagainst = England
| T20Icap = 1
| lastT20Idate = 28 March
| lastT20Iyear = 2008
| lastT20Iagainst = Australia

| club1 = [[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2000/01–2001/02}}
| club2 = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| year2 = 2004/05–2011/12

| columns = 4

| column1 = [[Women's Test cricket|WTest]]
| matches1 = 5
| runs1 = 46
| bat avg1 = 9.20
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 16[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 1,239
| wickets1 = 14
| bowl avg1 = 26.64
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/30
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

| column2 = [[Women's One Day International|WODI]]
| matches2 = 78
| runs2 = 153
| bat avg2 = 8.05
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 21
| deliveries2 = 4,036
| wickets2 = 100
| bowl avg2 = 24.02
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/14
| catches/stumpings2 = 17/–

| column3 = [[Women's Twenty20 International|WT20I]]
| matches3 = 2
| runs3 = –
| bat avg3 = –
| 100s/50s3 = –
| top score3 = –
| deliveries3 = 42
| wickets3 = 1
| bowl avg3 = 41.00
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 1/28
| catches/stumpings3 = 0/–

| column4 = [[List A cricket|WLA]]
| matches4 = 163
| runs4 = 352
| bat avg4 = 10.05
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 27
| deliveries4 = 8,382
| wickets4 = 187
| bowl avg4 = 22.77
| fivefor4 = 1
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 5/14
| catches/stumpings4 = 34/–

| date = 23 August
| year = 2022
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/10/10560/10560.html CricketArchive
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's cricket}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2005 Women's Cricket World Cup|2005 South Africa]]|}}
}}

'''Nooshin Al Khadeer''' (born 13 February 1981) is an Indian former [[cricket]]er and current national coach of U-19 Women's Cricket team. She played as a right-arm [[Off spin|off break]] [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]]. She appeared in five [[Women's Test cricket|Test matches]], 78 [[Women's One Day International|One Day Internationals]] and two [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 Internationals]] for [[India women's national cricket team|India]] from 2002 to 2012. She played domestic cricket for [[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]] and [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/nooshin-al-khadeer-54286 |title=Player Profile: Nooshin Al Khadeer |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="CricketArchive">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/10/10560/10560.html |title=Player Profile: Nooshin Al Khader |work=CricketArchive |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref>

She is currently the coach of [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menon|first=Vishal|date=2021-06-22|title=Sneh Rana overcomes personal tragedy, injury to script India's Bristol rearguard|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sneh-rana-india-women-bristol-rearguard-tragedy-injury-7367900/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> and [[India women's national under-19 cricket Team]] Coach for the [[2025 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2025 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup]]. She was also head coach of [[IPL Supernovas|Supernovas]] for the [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketqueens.com/article/Womens-T20-Challenge--2022--Everything-you-need-to-know |title=Women's T20 Challenge - 2022 - Everything you need to know |work=Cricket Queens |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref>

== Career ==
She made her debut in international cricket on 8 January 2002 in a [[Women's One Day International|One Day International]] against [[England women's cricket team|England]]. She was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2003. She took 100 wickets in ODIs.<ref name="Cricinfo"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=54286}}
* {{cricketarchive|id=10560}}

{{100 WODI wickets}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title= India squads
|bg= #0077FF
|fg= white
|bordercolor=#ff8800
|list1=
{{India Squad 2004 Women's Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2005–06 Women's Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 2006 Women's Asia Cup}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khadeer, Nooshin}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India women One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Karnataka women cricketers]]
[[Category:Railways women cricketers]]
[[Category:Central Zone women cricketers]]
[[Category:Female cricket coaches]]
{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}

2021 Filmfare OTT Awards

2026-01-27T16:27:15Z

BrianSop:

{{short description|Annual OTT film awards in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox award
| name = 2021 Filmfare OTT Awards
| current_awards =
| image = Ott_awards_logo.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Excellence in OTT content
| presenter = ''[[Filmfare]]''
| country = India
| venue = Mumbai
| network =
| year = {{Start date|df=y|2020|12|19}}
| date = {{Start date|df=y|2021|12|9}}
| holder_label =
| holder = 
| most_awards = ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'' (12)
| most_nominations =''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]'' & ''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'' (14)
| award1_type = Best Drama Series
| award1_winner = ''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story''
| award2_type = Best Comedy Series
| award2_winner = ''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''
| award3_type = Best Film - Web Originals
| award3_winner = ''[[Serious Men (film)|Serious Men]]''
| award4_type = Best Non - Fiction Original (Series)
| award4_winner = ''[[Bad Boy Billionaires: India]]''
| award5_type =Best Series (Critics)
| award5_winner =''Mirzapur (Season 2)''
| website = [https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/ 2021 Filmfare OTT Awards]
| related =
| previous = [[2020 Filmfare OTT Awards|2020]]
| main = [[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| next = [[2022 Filmfare OTT Awards|2022]]
}}

'''2021 [[Filmfare OTT Awards]]''', the second edition of awards show was held on 9 December 2021 in Mumbai. These awards honour artistic and technical excellence in original programming on [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] streaming media in Hindi-language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/awards/filmfare-awards/myglamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021/myglamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021-red-carpet/articleshow/88185522.cms|title=MyGlamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021: Red Carpet|date=9 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Web original shows or films released across OTT platforms between 1 August 2020 and 31 July 2021 were eligible for Awards. Nominations were announced by ''[[Filmfare]]'' on 2 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominees-for-the-my-glamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021_-51683.html |title=Nominees for the MyGlamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021|date=2 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=Filmfare|language=en}}</ref>

''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]] and'' ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'' led the ceremony with 14 nominations each, followed by ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]'' with 12 nominations and [[Grahan (2021 TV series)|''Grahan'']] with 10 nominations.

''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'' won 12 awards, including Best Drama Series, Best Director in a Drama Series (for [[Hansal Mehta]] and Jai Mehta) and Best Actor in a Drama Series (for [[Pratik Gandhi]]), thus becoming the most-awarded series at the ceremony.

== Winners and nominees==
{{Small|Sources: nominations}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/nominations|title=My Glamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 - Nominations|date=2 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=FilmFare|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/scam-1992-leads-nominations-for-filmfare-ott-awards-2021-7652939/|title=Scam 1992 leads nominations for Filmfare OTT Awards 2021|date=2 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

{{Small|Sources: winners}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/winners|title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 - Winners|date=9 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=FilmFare|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/filmfare-ott-awards-2021-winners-list-scam-1992-wins-big-with-more-than-10-honours-5132697/ |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 Winners List: Scam 1992 Wins Big With More Than 10 Honours|date=10 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021 |website= India.com |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Small|Winners denoted in '''boldface'''}}
===Popular awards===
{| class="wikitable
|-
! style="background:#FFAA00;" colspan=2| Drama Series
|-
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"|Best Series
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"|Best Director
|-
|colspan=1; valign="top"|
*'''''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]] –''''' [[SonyLIV]]
**''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]'' – [[MX Player]]
** ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]'' – [[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]]
** ''[[Grahan (2021 TV series)|Grahan]]'' – Hotstar
** ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]'' – [[Amazon Prime Video]]
** ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]'' – Amazon Prime Video
|colspan=1; valign="top"|
*'''[[Hansal Mehta]] and Jai Mehta – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'''''
** Gurmeet Singh and Mihir Desai – ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
** [[Prakash Jha]] – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** [[Raj & DK]] and Suparn S Varma – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
** Ranjan Chandel – ''[[Grahan (2021 TV series)|Grahan]]''
** [[Rohan Sippy]] and Arjun Mukerjee – ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |
Best Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Female)
|-
| colspan="1"; valign="top" |
* '''[[Pratik Gandhi]] – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'''''
** [[Anshumaan Pushkar]] – [[Grahan (2021 TV series)|''Grahan'']]
** [[Atul Kulkarni]] – ''[[City of Dreams (TV series)|City Of Dreams (Season 2)]]''
** [[Bobby Deol]] – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** [[Manoj Bajpayee]] – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
** [[Pankaj Tripathi]] – ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]''
| colspan="1"; valign="top" |
* '''[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] – [[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|''The Family Man (Season 2)'']]'''
** [[Huma Qureshi]] – ''[[Maharani (2021 TV series)|Maharani]]''
** [[Kirti Kulhari]] – ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]''
** [[Shreya Dhanwanthary]] – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]''
** [[Shweta Tripathi]] – ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
** [[Zoya Hussain]] – [[Grahan (2021 TV series)|''Grahan'']]
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor (Male)
! colspan="3" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor (Female)
|-
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''[[Sharib Hashmi]] – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]'''''
** [[Ali Fazal]] – [[Mirzapur (TV series)|''Mirzapur (Season 2)'']]
** [[Chandan Roy Sanyal]] – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** [[Divyenndu|Divyenddu Sharma]] – ''Mirzapur (Season 2)''
** [[Naseeruddin Shah]] – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
** [[Pankaj Tripathi]] – ''Mirzapur (Season 2)''
| colspan="1"; valign="top" |
* '''[[Amruta Subhash]] – ''[[Bombay Begums]]'''''
** Anjali Barot – [[Scam 1992|''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'']]
** [[Anupriya Goenka]] – ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]''
** [[Shahana Goswami]] – ''Bombay Begums''
** [[Sheeba Chaddha]] – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Comedy Series
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Series / Special
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''''' – [[SonyLIV]]
** ''Aalas Motapa Ghabraahat'' – [[Amazon Prime Video]]
** [[College Romance|''College Romance (Season 2)'']] – SonyLIV
** ''[[Hostel Daze|Hostel Daze (Season 2)]]'' – Amazon Prime Video
** ''[[Masaba Masaba]]'' – [[Netflix]]
** ''[[Metro Park (web series)|Metro Park (Season 2)]]'' – [[Eros Now]]
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |
Best Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Female)
|-
| colspan="1;" valign="top" |
* '''[[Jameel Khan]] – [[Gullak|''Gullak (Season 2)'']]'''
** [[Adarsh Gourav]] – [[Hostel Daze|''Hostel Daze (Season 2)'']]
** [[Naveen Kasturia]] – ''Runaway Lugaai''
** [[Ranvir Shorey]] – [[Metro Park (web series)|''Metro Park (Season 2)'']]
** [[Sunil Grover]] – ''[[Sunflower (web series)|Sunflower]]''
** [[Vijay Varma|Vijay Verma]] – ''[[OK Computer (TV series)|OK Computer]]''
| colspan="1" ; valign="top"|
* '''[[Geetanjali Kulkarni]] – [[Gullak|''Gullak (Season 2)'']]'''
** [[Kani Kusruti]] – [[OK Computer (TV series)|''OK Computer'']]
** [[Masaba Gupta]] – ''[[Masaba Masaba]]''
** [[Ruhi Singh]] – ''Runaway Lugaai''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor (Female)
|-
| colspan="1";" valign="top" |
* '''Vaibhav Raj Gupta – [[Gullak|''Gullak (Season 2)'']]'''
** Nikhil Vijay – [[Hostel Daze|''Hostel Daze (Season 2)'']]
** [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] – ''Runaway Lugaai''
| colspan="1";"valign="top" |
* '''[[Sunita Rajwar]] – [[Gullak|''Gullak (Season 2)'']]'''
** Grusha Kapoor – ''[[Hey Prabhu!|Hey Prabhu! (Season 2)]]''
** [[Neena Gupta]] – ''[[Masaba Masaba]]''
** [[Purbi Joshi]] – [[Metro Park (web series)|''Metro Park (Season 2)'']]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFAA00;" |Web Originals
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Film
|-
| colspan="2" |
* '''''[[Serious Men (film)|Serious Men]]''''' – [[Netflix]]
** ''[[Ajeeb Daastaans]]'' – Netflix
** ''[[Kaagaz]]'' – [[ZEE5|Zee5]]
** ''[[Mee Raqsam]]'' – Zee5
** ''[[Ray (TV series)|Ray]]'' – Netflix
** ''[[State of Siege: Temple Attack]]'' – Zee5
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |
Best Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Actor (Female)
|-
| colspan="1";" valign="top" |
* '''[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] – [[Serious Men (film)|''Serious Men'']]'''
** [[Bobby Deol]] – ''[[Class of '83|Class Of '83]]''
** [[Manav Kaul]] – ''[[Ajeeb Daastaans]]''
** [[Manoj Bajpayee]] – ''[[Ray (TV series)|Ray]]''
** [[Naseeruddin Shah]] – ''[[Mee Raqsam]]''
** [[Pankaj Tripathi]] – ''[[Kaagaz]]''
| colspan="1" |
* '''[[Konkona Sen Sharma]] – ''[[Ajeeb Daastaans]]'''''
** [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]] – ''[[Mee Raqsam]]''
** [[Kajol]] – [[Tribhanga (film)|''Tribhanga'']]
** [[Ratna Pathak Shah]] – ''[[Unpaused|Unpaused – Segment: Chand Mubaarak]]''
** [[Richa Chadha]] – ''[[Unpaused|Unpaused – Segment: Apartment]]''
** [[Sanya Malhotra]] – ''[[Pagglait]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor (Male)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Supporting Actor (Female)
|-
| colspan="1" |
* '''[[Ashutosh Rana]] – ''[[Pagglait]]'''''
** Aakshath Das – [[Serious Men (film)|''Serious Men'']]
** [[Bhupendra Jadawat]] – ''[[Class of '83]]''
** [[Roshan Mathew]] – [[Choked (film)|''Choked'']]
** [[Satish Kaushik]] – ''[[Kaagaz]]''
| colspan="1" |
* '''[[Radhika Madan]] – [[Ray (TV series)|''Ray'']]'''
** [[Gauahar Khan|Gauhar Khan]] – ''[[14 Phere]]''
** [[Mithila Palkar]] – [[Tribhanga (film)|''Tribhanga'']]
** [[Sayani Gupta]] – ''[[Pagglait]]''
** [[Tanvi Azmi]] – ''Tribhanga''
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Non – Fiction Original (Series)
|-
| colspan="2"; valign="top"|
* '''''[[Bad Boy Billionaires: India]]''''' – [[Netflix]]
** ''[[Fabulous Lives of Bollywood Wives|Fabulous Lives Of Bollywood Wives]]'' – Netflix
** ''LOL – Hasee Toh Phasee'' – [[Amazon Prime Video]]
** ''Secrets Of Sinauli'' – [[Discovery+]]
** ''Vande Bharat Flight IX 1344: Hope To Survival'' – Discovery+
|-
! style="background:#FFAA00;" colspan=2| Writing Awards
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Original Story (Series)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Dialogues
|-
| colspan="1" ; valign="top"|
* '''[[Raj & DK]]''' '''and Suman Kumar – [[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|''The Family Man (Season 2)'']]'''
** Amritpal Singh Bindra and [[Anand Tiwari]] – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
** [[Habib Faisal]] – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** Puneet Krishna and Vineet Krishna – [[Mirzapur (TV series)|''Mirzapur (Season 2)'']]
** [[Subhash Kapoor]] and Nandan Singh – [[Maharani (web series)|''Maharani'']]
|valign="top"|
* '''Sumit Purohit, Saurav Dey, Vaibhav Vishal and Karan Vyas – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'''''
** Manan Mehta and Anshul Gupta – [[Mirzapur (TV series)|''Mirzapur (Season 2)'']]
** [[Shan Mohammed]] – [[Grahan (2021 TV series)|''Grahan'']]
** Sumeet Kotian – [[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|''The Family Man (Season 2)'']]
** Sushant Mishra and Shailendra Vyas – ''[[JL50]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Original Screenplay
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Adapted Screenplay
|-
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''[[Raj & DK]]'''''', Suman Kumar and Suparn S Verma – [[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|''The Family Man (Season 2)'']]'''
** Amritpal Singh Bindra and Lara Chandni – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
** Deepesh Sumitra Jagdish – ''[[Aspirants]]''
** Kuldeep Ruhil – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** Puneet Krishna and Vineet Krishna – [[Mirzapur (TV series)|''Mirzapur (Season 2)'']]
** Subhash Kapoor, Nandan Singh and Umashankar Singh – ''[[Maharani (2021 TV series)|Maharani]]''
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''Sumit Purohit and Saurav Dey – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'''''
** [[Apurva Asrani]] – ''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]''
** [[Jaya Misra]] and Surbhi Saral – ''[[The Married Woman]]''
** Kunal Marathe – ''[[Indori Ishq]]''
** Prateek Payodhi, Vibha Singh and Shailendra Jha – [[Grahan (2021 TV series)|''Grahan'']]
|-
! style="background:#FFAA00;" colspan=2| Music Awards
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Background Music (Series)
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Original Soundtrack (Series)
|-
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''[[Achint Thakkar]] – [[Scam 1992|''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'']]'''
** [[Anurag Saikia]] – ''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''
** Daniel B. George – [[Grahan (2021 TV series)|''Grahan'']]
** John Stewart Eduri – [[Mirzapur (TV series)|''Mirzapur (Season 2)'']]
** Soumil Shringarpure – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''[[Achint Thakkar]] – [[Scam 1992|''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'']]'''
** R. Rajesh, [[Sachin–Jigar]], Fiddlecraft, [[Bindhumalini]], [[Mahesh Shankar]] and Harpreet – [[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|''The Family Man (Season 2)'']]
** [[Rohit Sharma (composer)|Rohit Sharma]] and Nilopal Bora – ''[[Aspirants]]''
** [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
** Simran Hora – ''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''
|-
|}

===Critics' Choice Awards===
{| class="wikitable
|-
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"|
Best Series
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"| Best Director (Series)
|-
|colspan=1 |
*'''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|''Mirzapur (Season 2)'']] – [[Amazon Prime Video]]'''
|colspan=1 |
*'''[[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.|Raj & DK]]''' '''– ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]'''''
|-
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"| Best Actor (Male): Drama
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"| Best Actor (Female): Drama
|-
|colspan=1 |
*'''[[Manoj Bajpayee]] – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]'' as Srikant Tiwari'''
|colspan=1 |
*'''[[Huma Qureshi]] – ''[[Maharani (2021 TV series)|Maharani]]'' as Rani Bharti'''
|-
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"| Best Actor (Male): Comedy
! colspan=1 style="background:#EEDD82;"| Best Actor (Female): Comedy
|-
|colspan=1 |
*'''[[Sunil Grover]] – ''[[Sunflower (web series)|Sunflower]]'' as Sonu Singh'''
|colspan=1 |
*'''[[Kani Kusruti]] – ''[[OK Computer (TV series)|OK Computer]]'' as Monalisa Paul'''
|}
=== Technical awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#FFAA00;" colspan=2| Technical Awards
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Editor
|-
|colspan="2"; valign="top"|
* '''Kunal Walve, Sumit Purohit – [[Scam 1992|''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'']]'''
** [[Gazal Dhaliwal]], Aarsh Vora and Sunayana Kumari – ''[[Mismatched]]''
** Gourav Gopal Jha – [[Gullak|''Gullak (Season 2)'']]
** Puneet Krishna and Vineet Krishna – ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
** [[Raj & DK]], Suman Kumar, Suparn S Verma and Manoj Kumar Kalaivanan – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
** Saurabh Khanna, Suprith Kundar and Harish Peddinti – ''[[Hostel Daze|Hostel Daze (Season 2)]]''
|-
! colspan="1" valign="top" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Production Design
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Cinematographer
|-
|valign="top"|
* '''Payal Ghose and Tapan Shrivastava – [[Scam 1992|''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'']]'''
** Rakesh Yadav – ''[[High (TV series)|High]]''
** Saini S. Johray – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
** Sonam Singh and Abhijit Gaonkar – ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
** Udai Prakash Singh – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** [[Wasiq Khan]] – ''[[Grahan (2021 TV series)|Grahan]]''
|valign="top"|
* '''Pratham Mehta – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'''''
** Cameron Eric Bryson – ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
** Chandan Kowli – ''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
** Jayesh Nair – ''[[The Last Hour (Indian TV series)|The Last Hour]]''
** Kamaljeet Negi – ''[[Grahan (2021 TV series)|Grahan]]''
** Sanjay Kapoor – ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best Costume
! colspan="1" style="background:#EEDD82;" |Best VFX
|-
| colspan="1;" valign="top" |
* '''Arun J. Chauhan – ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]'''''
** Hazel Paul – ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
** [[Maxima Basu]] and Ajay KMR – ''[[Grahan (2021 TV series)|Grahan]]''
** Neelanchal Ghosh and [[Darshan Jalan]] – ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
** Smiti Kaur – ''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''
| colspan="1"; valign="top"|
* '''Raghav Rai – [[Scam 1992|''Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story'']]'''
** Imagery Pictures – ''[[OK Computer (TV series)|OK Computer]]''
** Nitesh Sharma and Nitesh Kumar – ''[[JL50]]''
** Resonance Digital – ''[[Chhatrasal (web series)|Chhatrasal]]''
|}

== Superlatives ==

=== Nominations and wins by program ===
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Nominations by program
!Nominations
!Program
!Streaming Media
|-
! rowspan="2" |14
|''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur (Season 2)]]''
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]''
|[[SonyLIV]]
|-
!12
|''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
|Amazon Prime Video
|-
!10
|''[[Grahan (2021 TV series)|Grahan]]''
|[[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]]
|-
!9
|''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''
|SonyLIV
|-
!8
|''[[Aashram|Aashram (Season 2)]]''
|[[MX Player]]
|-
!7
|''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
|Amazon Prime Video
|-
!6
|''[[Criminal Justice: Behind Closed Doors]]''
|Hotstar
|-
!5
|''[[Hostel Daze|Hostel Daze (Season 2)]]''
|Amazon Prime Video
|-
! rowspan="11" |3
|''[[Kaagaz]]''
|[[ZEE5]]
|-
|''[[Maharani (2021 TV series)|Maharani]]''
|SonyLIV
|-
|''[[Masaba Masaba]]''
|[[Netflix]]
|-
|''[[Mee Raqsam]]''
|ZEE5
|-
|''[[Metro Park (web series)|Metro Park (Season 2)]]''
|[[Eros Now]]
|-
|''[[OK Computer (TV series)|OK Computer]]''
|Hotstar
|-
|''[[Pagglait]]''
| rowspan="2" |Netflix
|-
|''[[Ray (TV series)|Ray]]''
|-
|''Runaway Lugaai''
|MX Player
|-
|''[[Serious Men (film)|Serious Men]]''
| rowspan="2" |Netflix
|-
|[[Tribhanga (film)|''Tribhanga'']]
|-
! rowspan="5" |2
|''[[Aspirants]]''
|TVF Play
|-
|''[[Bombay Begums]]''
| rowspan="2" |Netflix
|-
|''[[Class of '83]]''
|-
|''[[JL50]]''
|SonyLIV
|-
|''[[Unpaused]]''
|Amazon Prime Video
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Wins by program
!Wins
!Program
!Streaming Media
|-
!12
|''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]''
|[[SonyLIV]]
|-
!6
|''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man (Season 2)]]''
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
!5
|''[[Gullak|Gullak (Season 2)]]''
|SonyLIV
|-
!2
|''[[Serious Men (film)|Serious Men]]''
|[[Netflix]]
|}

=== Nominations and wins by streaming media ===
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Nominations by streaming media
!Nominations
!Streaming Media
|-
!43
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
!29
|[[SonyLIV]]
|-
!26
|[[Netflix]]
|-
!20
|[[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]]
|-
!15
|[[MX Player]]
|-
!10
|[[ZEE5]]
|-
!3
|[[Eros Now]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Discovery+]]
|-
|TVF Play
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Wins by Streaming Media
!Wins
!Streaming Media
|-
!18
|[[SonyLIV]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |7
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|[[Netflix]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Filmfare Awards]]
* [[67th Filmfare Awards]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official Website|https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/}}
* [https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominees-for-the-my-glamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021_-51683.html Nominees for the My Glamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021]
* [https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/winners Winners Of My Glamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Award ceremonies in India]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards|OTT, 2021]]
[[Category:2021 television awards|Filmfare OTT]]
[[Category:2021 awards in India]]

Nizamuddin Amethwi

2026-01-26T15:01:35Z

BrianSop: Created Initial Article Needs Work!

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=February 2023}}
{{Notability|Biography|date=January 2023}}
}}

{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Nizamuddin Amethwi
| image =
| caption =
| sanskrit =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| school = [[Sufi]]
| lineage = [[Nizamuddin Amethwi#Lineage|See the full lineage]]
| sect =
| subsect =
| temple =
| order = [[Chishti Order]]
| other_name =
| dharma_name =
| monastic_name =
| pen_name =
| posthumous_name =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_name = Nizamuddin
| birth_date = 1493
| birth_place = [[Amethi, Lucknow|Amethi]], [[Lucknow]], [[Awadh]]
| death_date = 1571
| death_place = [[Gopamau]]
| resting_place = Amethi
| resting_place_coordinates =
| location =
| title = Shaikh
| period =
| consecration =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| reason =
| rank =
| teacher = Shaikh Ma'ruf ibn Al-Waasi'
| reincarnation_of =
| students =
| works = Teaching
| ordination =
| profession = Teacher
| education =
| initiation =
| previous_post =
| present_post =
| post =
| website =
}}

'''Shaikh Nizamuddin Usmani Amethwi''' (1493 – 1571 AD/900 – 979 [[Hijri year|AH]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-08 |title=ذوالقعدہ میں وفات پانے والے صحابہ کرام اور اولیائے کرام رضوان اللہ تعالیٰ علیہم اجمعین |url=https://hamariweb.com/articles/24792 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=Hamariweb.com Articles |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Muhaddith Dehlwi |first=Abdul Haque |title=Akhbar al-Akhyar |publisher=Akbar Sellers |year=2004 |location=Urdu Bazaar, [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] |pages=549–550 |language=ur}}</ref> was an Indian [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]] and [[Spirituality|spiritual]] [[Wali|Sufi saint]] of the [[Chishti Order|Chishtiyya Sufi order]]. He was a descendant of the Sufi saint [[Sari al-Saqati|Shaikh Sirri as-Saqti]] of [[Baghdad]].

== Lineage ==
The lineage of Amethwi is as follows:<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lucknowi Hassani |first=Abdul Hayy |title=Nuzhat al-Khawatir |publisher=Dar ibn Hazim |year=1999 |location=[[Bairut]], [[Lebanon]] |pages=440 |language=ar}}</ref>

Nizamuddin ibn Muhammad Yasin ibn Fakhruddin ibn Abul Fazal ibn Tajuddin Usmani.

== Early life and education ==
He was born in 1493 in the village of [[Amethi, Lucknow|Amethi]] in the [[Lucknow district]] of the former [[Oudh State|Avadh state]] in the family of Muhammad Yasin Amethwi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-22 |title=شیخ مبارک بودلے جائسی اور اودھ میں دعوت اسلام (تیسری قسط) |url=https://mazameen.com/personalities/%d8%b4%db%8c%d8%ae-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%da%a9-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%af%d9%84%db%92-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%af%da%be-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%88-3.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=مضامین ڈاٹ کام |language=ur |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223155804/https://mazameen.com/personalities/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%92-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%BE-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88-3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" />

He started his primary education in his childhood. He then moved to [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]] and studied under Shaykh Maruf bin Abdul Waasi'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahman Ali |first=Maulawi |title=Tazkirah-e-Ulama-e-Hind |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society |year=1962 |location=[[Pakistan]] |pages=524 |language=Ur}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He then went to [[Mankapur]] and received [[Bay'ah]] (discipleship) in the Chishtiyya Tariqa ([[Chishti Order]]) from Nuruddin Ibn Hamid Hussaini.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

== Career ==
He then returned to [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]] and after staying for some time returned to [[Amethi, Lucknow|Amethi]]. In Amethi he married Makhduma Jahan, daughter of Khassah-i-Khuda Salehi and then moved to [[Gopamau]]. Then Amethvi gave his daughter in marriage to Mufti Adam Ibn Muhammad Siddiqi and stayed there for some time. He then returned to his homeland and spent his days in worship and teaching. Then he was appointed as the [[Sheikh|Shaikh]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

== Death and legacy ==
He later moved to Gopamau and died there in 1571.<ref name=":0" /> He was buried in his birthplace Amethi. At his shrine, [[Tardi Beg]] built a large mausoleum.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

His wife, Makhduma Jahan, had six children. They are Abdul Jalil, Abdul Wahhab, Abdul Waasi', Muhammad, Ahmad and Abdul Halim. Among them, Abdul Wasi, Abdul Wahhab and Abdul Jalil died during his lifetime. His second wife gave birth to a son named Jafar.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{improve categories|date=January 2023}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amethwi, Nizamuddin}}
[[Category:Indian Islamic studies scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:1493 births]]
[[Category:1571 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Chishtis]]
[[Category:People from Hardoi district]]

Patna–Mughalsarai section

2026-01-22T18:01:52Z

BrianSop: Created The Details Basic Info!

{{Short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Patna–Mughalsarai section
| color = 800000
| logo = 
| logo_width = 100 px
| image = Ara jun.jpg
| image_width = 300
| caption = [[Ara Junction railway station]] is an important railway station on Patna–Mughalsarai section
| type =
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| start = [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna Junction]]
| end = [[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station|Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction]]
| stations =
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = 1862
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength = {{convert|212|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV 50 Hz AC]] [[Overhead line|OHLE]] during 1961–1965 and 1999–2000
| speed = up to 130 km/ h
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Patna–Mughalsarai section|inline=y}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Patna–Mughalsarai section''', officially '''Patna–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya section''', is a railway line connecting {{stnlnk|Patna Junction}} in the Indian state of [[Bihar]] and {{stnlnk|Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction}} in [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==History==
The first rail track between Howrah and Delhi was via what was later named as [[Sahibganj loop]] and the first through train on the route was run in 1864. The Patna–Mughalsarai sector was ready around 1862. A "shorter main line" connecting Raniganj and [[Kiul Junction railway station|Kiul]] was in position in 1871 and the opening of the [[Grand Chord]] in 1907 shortened the distance from Howrah to Delhi even further.<ref>''Indian Railway History Time line'' by R. P. Saxena</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html| title = IR History: Early days I (1832–1869)| publisher = IRFCA| access-date = 28 March 2014| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html| archive-date = 7 March 2005| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html|title = IR History:Early days II (1870-1899)| access-date = 28 March 2014}}</ref>

==Electrification==
While the Mughalsarai area was electrified in 1961–65, the rest of the Patna–Mughalsarai section was electrified in 1999–2002. Sector-wise electrification was as follows: Fatuha–Danapur 1999–2000, Danapur–Dildarnagar 2001–2002, Kuchman–Dilarnagar 1999–2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title =History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 28 March 2014 }}</ref>

==Speed limit==
The entire Sitarampur–Patna–Mughalsarai line is classified as "B Class" line, where trains can run at speeds up to 130 km/h.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-pway.html |title=Permanent Way| work= Track Classifications|access-date=28 March 2014}}</ref>

==Stations==
List of important railway stations on Patna-Mughalsarai section is as follows:

* [[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station|Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction]]
* Sakaldiha
* [[Zamania railway station|Zamania]]
* [[Dildarnagar Junction railway station|Dildarnagar Junction]]
* [[Gahmar railway station|Gahmar]]
* [[Buxar railway station|Buxar]]
* Dumraon
* Bihiya
* [[Ara Junction railway station|Ara Junction]] (Arrah)
* Koilwar
* [[Bihta railway station|Bihta]]
* [[Neora railway station|Neora]]
* [[Danapur railway station|Danapur]]
* [[Phulwari Sharif railway station|Phulwari Sharif]]
* [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna Junction]]

==Passenger movement==
[[Patna Junction railway station|Patna]] and [[Mughalsarai Junction railway station|Mughalsarai]], on this line, are amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |title=Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry |work=Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways |publisher=IRFCA |access-date=28 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |archive-date=10 May 2014 }}</ref>

==Railway reorganisation==
In 1952, [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]], [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]] and [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]] were formed. Eastern Railway was formed with a portion of [[East Indian Railway Company]], east of Mughalsarai and [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]. Northern Railway was formed with a portion of East Indian Railway Company west of Mughalsarai, Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway and Eastern Punjab Railway. North Eastern Railway was formed with [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]], Assam Railway and a portion of [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone | title = Geography – Railway Zones | publisher = IRFCA | access-date = 28 March 2014 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070819043943/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone | archive-date = 19 August 2007 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> East Central Railway was created in 1996–97.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ecr.indianrailways.gov.in/ | title = East Central Railway | publisher = ECR | access-date = 28 March 2014 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140112090715/http://www.ecr.indianrailways.gov.in/ | archive-date = 12 January 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

== Trains ==
The Following trains are famously serving this route.
* [[Ahmedabad-Asansol Weekly Express]]
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Kamakhya Karmabhoomi Express]]
* [[Asansol–Mumbai CSMT Superfast Express]]
* [[Sikkim Mahananda Express]]
* [[Amritsar Mail|Howrah-Amritsar Mail]]
* [[Vibhuti Express]]
* [[Kamakhya-Gandhidham Express]]
* [[Dwarka Express]]
* [[Barmer–Guwahati Express]]
* [[Bikaner–Guwahati Express]]
* [[Farakka Express (via Sultanpur)]] & [[Farakka Express (via Ayodhya Cantt)]]
* [[Patna–Gomti Nagar (Lucknow) Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Jaynagar–Udhna Antyodaya Express]]
* [[Patna-Purna Express]]
* [[Archana Express]]
* [[Himgiri Superfast Express]]
* [[Patna-Ahmedabad Weekly Express]]
* [[Shramjeevi Superfast Express]]
* [[Indore-Patna Express]]
* [[Surat-Bhagalpur Express]]
* [[Patna-Kota Express]]
* [[Brahmaputra Mail]]
* [[Patna-Mumbai CSMT Superfast Express]]
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Dibrugarh Express]]
* [[Bhagat Ki Kothi–Kamakhya Express]]
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Guwahati Express]]
* [[Bhagalpur–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Superfast Express]]
* [[Godda-Mumbai LTT Superfast Express]]
*[[Vasco da Gama–Patna Superfast Express]]
* [[Poorva Express (via Patna)]]
* [[Akal Takht Express]]
* [[Gurumukhi Superfast Express]]
* [[Baba Baidyanath Dham Deoghar Humsafar Express]]
* [[Baba Baidyanath Dham Deoghar Superfast Express]]
* [[Howrah-New Delhi Duronto Express]]
* [[Ernakulam-Patna Superfast Express (via Nagpur)]]
* [[Kashi Patna Jan Shatabdi Express]]
* [[Vikramshila Express]]
* [[Magadh Express]]
* [[Malda Town–Anand Vihar Weekly Express]]
* [[Bhagalpur–Ajmer Express|Bhagalpur-Ajmer Weekly Humsafar Express]]
* [[Malda Town-New Delhi Express]]
* [[Pratham Swatrantata Sangram Express]]
* [[Ziyarat Express]]
* [[Jaynagar–Anand Vihar Garib Rath Express]] & [[Bhagalpur-Anand Vihar Terminal Garib Rath Express]]
* [[Rajendra Nagar-New Delhi Tejas Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Sampoorna Kranti Express]]
* [[Rajendra Nagar Terminal-New Delhi Amrit Bharat Express]]
* [[Patna-SMVT Bengaluru Humsafar Express]]
* [[Bhagmati Express]]
* [[Kumbh Express]]
* [[Upasana Express]]
* [[Ananya Express]]
* [[Howrah-New Delhi Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Madhupur-Anand Vihar Terminal Humsafar Express]]
* [[Agartala-Anand Vihar Terminal Tejas Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Patna-Bandra Terminus Superfast Express]]
* [[Saharsa-Bandra Terminus Humsafar Express]]
* [[Azimabad Express]]
* [[Patna Jn.–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Janta Express]]

While There are also a lot of Passenger and Express trains that serves this section.

==See also==
* [[Patna–Digha Ghat line]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/patna-junction-pnbe/332 Trains at Patna]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/mughal-sarai-junction-mgs/333 Trains at Mughalsarai]

|{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patna-Mughalsarai section}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya railway division|*]]
[[Category:Danapur railway division|*]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Bihar]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1862]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Mughalsarai]]
[[Category:Transport in Patna]]

Overseas Indian representation in Indian sports

2026-01-18T22:44:43Z

BrianSop: creating new info & citations.

{{short description|none}}
{{Notability|date=September 2025}}
The '''Overseas Indian representation in Indian sports''' refers to the participation of [[Indian diaspora|foreign nationals of Indian origin]] in international events of both senior and junior level representing the Republic of India. As India prohibits dual nationality, sports representation in international events with respect to Indian participation has generally followed the norm of selection of sportspeople of Indian nationality.

Despite this due to the ambiguity of representation law till 2008, many Overseas Indian sportspeople have represented India at international events. While individual sports such as tennis, figure skating etc, dominate Overseas Indian sportspeople representation, rugby union remains the only major team sport with Overseas Indian players,<ref name="rugby1">{{cite web |url=https://www.asianimage.co.uk/sport/774709.rugby-stars-flying-the-flag/ |title=Rugby stars flying the flag |website=Asian Image |date=27 May 2006 |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629142124/https://www.asianimage.co.uk/sport/774709.rugby-stars-flying-the-flag/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rugby2">{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/475714/india-look-foreign-legion-inspire-their-first-victory |title=India look to foreign legion to inspire their first victory |website=South China Morning Post |date=27 October 2004 |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629143750/https://www.scmp.com/article/475714/india-look-foreign-legion-inspire-their-first-victory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rugby3">{{cite web |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/02/experienced-players-to-spearhead-indian-rugby-attack-1149262910.html |title=Experienced players to spearhead Indian rugby attack |website=oneindia.com |date=2 June 2006 |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629141303/https://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/02/experienced-players-to-spearhead-indian-rugby-attack-1149262910.html |url-status=live }}</ref> until 2008 when the Overseas Indians were disqualified from representing India.

==History==
In India however, the National sports representation law stems from a circular issued by the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] in December 2008, wherein it directed all national sports federations that any sportsperson representing India at the international level must hold a valid Indian passport.<ref name="ht"/> The rule was upheld in 2010 by the [[Delhi High Court]] in the Karm Kumar vs Union Of India and Ors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karm Kumar vs Union Of India & Ors on 3 August, 2010 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/79390951/#:~:text=This%20Court%20finds%20nothing%20unreasonable,be%20stated%20to%20be%20rejected. |website=Indian Kanoon |date=3 August 2010 |access-date=7 January 2024 }}</ref>

The Indian law, with respect to the eligibility of Overseas Indians representing India stands at odds with the eligibility criteria for national representation of any sports governing bodies since 2008 when the current regulations were enforced and Overseas Indian representation was abolished. Before 2008 order and 2011 enactment of National Sports Code, due to ambiguity and lack of any sports law in the country with respect to player representation in international events, many Overseas Indian sportspeople had represented India in certain sports such as tennis, [[winter sports]], swimming, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government slams door on Overseas Indian, OCI players |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/government-slams-door-on-pio-oci-players/articleshow/3895557.cms |website=The Times of India |date=26 December 2008 |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=1 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401151759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/government-slams-door-on-pio-oci-players/articleshow/3895557.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government slams door on Overseas Indian, OCI players |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/government-slams-door-on-pio-oci-players-35999-2008-12-26 |website=India Today |date=26 December 2008 }}</ref>

==Overseas Indian sportspeople representing India==
This is a list of '''Overseas Indian sportspeople''' (both men and women) who have represented or are currently representing India in any sport at international level.

*Players of Indian origin, who represented India while retaining their original nationality.
*Players of Indian origin, who represented India while or after giving up their original nationality and taking up Indian citizenship.
*Players who were born abroad but had Indian nationality by birth are not considered for the list.

'''Note:'''
* '''Representation after 2008:''' Despite the 2008 rule change, a handful of Overseas Indians continued to represent India in certain individual sports such as tennis, winter sports, badminton etc., but this continued without Indian sports federations' support and also international rules for national representation remained unchanged. But while they represented India on an individual capacity at the international events, due to the withdrawal of the Indian sports federations' administrative and financial support,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion reigns over Overseas Indian sportspersons |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/confusion-reigns-over-pio-sportspersons/story-8tjtaB1iheuZDukQriSPdJ.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=2 June 2009 }}</ref> they remained ineligible to represent India at multi-sport events such as [[Summer Olympics|Olympics]], [[Asian Games]], [[Commonwealth Games]].
* '''Dual citizenship for minors:''' Dual citizenship in India is allowed in certain cases of minor children, as those who are born outside the territory of India can obtain Indian citizenship through descent (by Section 4 of [[Indian nationality law|The Citizenship Act, 1955]]) as well as of the foreign country (by [[Jus soli]], e.g. [[United States]]). Thus the minors in such cases can remain dual citizens till 18 upon which they will have to choose only one citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2023 |title=Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed |url=https://portal1.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/pdf/Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed.pdf |website=Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed}}</ref> This has enabled some minor Overseas Indians to represent India post 2008, but will become ineligible if they choose the foreign citizenship upon attaining majority.
* '''Status of Unrecognised sports:''' Certain major sports such as [[Mixed martial arts]] (MMA) have not been recognised by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India) as a sport in India, which are instead held as events. The Indian MMA federations do not form a part of the National Sports Federations and thus they are not covered under the National Sports Code 2011. Thus the Overseas Indian fighters can represent India as individual representatives at professional MMA fights as they do not come under the purview of any sports federation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legality of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) In India |url=https://www.g-spr.com/post/legality-of-mixed-martial-arts-mma-in-india |website=Global Sports Policy Review |date=22 June 2022 }}</ref>

;Color key:
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*{{legend|#ffff99|Acquired Indian nationality}}
}}

==Team sports==
===Cricket===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|[[Lall Singh]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Malaysia}}
|align=left|1932
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Lall Singh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/lall-singh-30743 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 January 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Robin Singh (cricketer)|Robin Singh]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|align=left|1989–2001
|[[Cricket World Cup]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Robin Singh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/robin-singh-34059 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222104950/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/robin-singh-34059 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Football===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Balai Dey]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Pakistan}}
|align=left|1969–1970
|[[Merdeka Tournament]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan|title=Indian Football: Balai Dey, the Mohun Bagan legend who played for both India and Pakistan|website=scroll.in|publisher=[[Scroll.in|Scroll]]|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813112136/https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Arata Izumi]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Japan}}
|align=left|2013–2014
|[[AFC Challenge Cup]], [[SAFF Championship]]
|<ref>{{cite web|first=Indo-Asian News Service|last=NDTV|title=Arata Izumi becomes first foreign national to be selected for Indian football team|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/202674-arata-izumi-becomes-first-foreign-national-to-be-selected-for-indian-football-team|website=sports.ndtv.com|publisher=[[NDTV|NDTV Sport]]|date=29 January 2013|access-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221161316/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/202674-arata-izumi-becomes-first-foreign-national-to-be-selected-for-indian-football-team|archive-date=21 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|Sunny Dhaliwal
|align=left|{{Flagu|Canada}}
|align=left|2017
|[[FIFA U-17 World Cup]]
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/635920/hoping-some-sunny-time-goal.html |title=Hoping for some Sunny time in goal |website=deccanherald.com |date=2 October 2017 |first=Pragya |last=Tiwari |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512152311/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/635920/hoping-some-sunny-time-goal.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Ryan Williams (soccer, born 1993)|Ryan Williams]]
| align="left" |{{Flagu|Australia}}
| align="left" |2026–
|[[AFC Asian Cup qualifiers]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryan Williams & Abneet Bharti join Indian Football Team camp ahead of Bangladesh clash |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-team-ryan-williams-abneet-bharti-to-joincamp-ahead-afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-202511 |access-date=2025-11-06 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>
|}

===Field hockey===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Trevor Fernandes]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Tanzania}}
|align=left|1971–1973
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/trevor-fernandes-the-hockey-star-from-zanzibar-who-won-many-indian-hearts/articleshow/86738398.cms|title=Trevor Fernandes: The hockey star from Zanzibar who won many Indian hearts|publisher=The Times of India|date=4 October 2021|access-date=10 January 2024|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222141149/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/trevor-fernandes-the-hockey-star-from-zanzibar-who-won-many-indian-hearts/articleshow/86738398.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Rugby union===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|Manmandir Singh Samra
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004–2008
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moseleyrugby.co.uk/the-club/internationals/ |title=Internationals |website=moseleyrugby.co.uk |access-date=29 June 2024 }}</ref><ref name="rugby1"/>
|-
|Simon Patel Knowles
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004–2006
|
|<ref name="rugby1"/>
|-
|Amarveer Singh Ladhar
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004–2006
|
|<ref name="rugby1"/>
|-
|Ajay Sabharwal
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004–2006
|
|<ref name="rugby1"/>
|-
|Alexander Walker
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004
|
|<ref name="scmp">{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/475714/india-look-foreign-legion-inspire-their-first-victory |title=India look to foreign legion to inspire their first victory |website=South China Morning Post |access-date=27 October 2004 }}</ref>
|-
|Christopher Walker
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004
|
|<ref name="scmp"/>
|-
|Francis Brown
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2004–2008
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://harlowrugbyclub.co.uk/live/profiles/playerprofilefb.php |title=Francis Brown |website=harlowrugbyclub.co.uk |access-date=29 June 2024 }}</ref><ref name="scmp"/>
|-
|Timothy Wilkes
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2006
|
|<ref name="rugby1"/>
|}

==Individual sports==
===Chess===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Dibyendu Barua]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Pakistan}}
|align=left|1978–2024
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5000025/calculations |title=Barua, Dibyendu |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=19 January 2026 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Akshat Chandra]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2009–2012
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/25006711 |title=Chandra, Akshat |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103150919/https://ratings.fide.com/profile/25006711 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=64255&t=0 |title=FE SERVER24CHESS |website=ratings.fide.com |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706053155/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=64255&t=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Tarun Kanyamarala]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Ireland}}
|align=left|2014–2017
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/45004714 |title=Kanyamarala, Tarun |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523142333/https://ratings.fide.com/profile/45004714 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hyd">{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=161821&t=0 |title=HYDERABAD OPEN ALL INDIA FIDE RATING |website=ratings.fide.com |access-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Trisha Kanyamarala]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Ireland}}
|align=left|2014–2017
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/45004722 |title=Kanyamarala, Trisha |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name="hyd"/>
|-
|Amaya Agarwal
|align=left|{{Flagu|England}}
|align=left|2022–2023
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/48733580 |title=Agarwal, Amaya |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511105426/https://ratings.fide.com/profile/48733580 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="crewe">{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=310039&t=0 |title=6TH CREWE CHESS CONGRESS - FIDE OPEN |website=ratings.fide.com |access-date=11 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|Anay Agarwal
|align=left|{{Flagu|England}}
|align=left|2022–2023
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/48733660 |title=Agarwal, Anay |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=11 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name="crewe"/>
|-
|Ashwath Kaushik
|align=left|{{Flagu|Singapore}}
|align=left|2022
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/33387230 |title=Ashwath Kaushik |website=ratings.fide.com |publisher=FIDE |access-date=15 December 2024 |archive-date=15 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215140726/https://ratings.fide.com/profile/33387230 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=292944&t=0 |title="SVETOZAR GLIGORIC" MEMORIAL 2022 - Amateurs section |website=ratings.fide.com |access-date=15 December 2024 |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219071119/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=292944&t=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Boxing===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Zoramthanga (boxer)|Zoramthanga]]
|align=left|{{flagicon|Myanmar|1974}} [[Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma|Burma]]
|align=left|1989–1990
|[[IBA World Boxing Championships|World Championships]], [[Commonwealth Games]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050210/asp/sports/story_4360162.asp|title=Indian boxer passes away|publisher=The Telegraph|date=10 February 2005|access-date=29 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525231532/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050210/asp/sports/story_4360162.asp|archive-date=25 May 2011}}</ref>
|}

===Tennis===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|[[Prakash Amritraj]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2002–2013
|[[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]]s, [[Davis Cup]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Amritraj |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/-/A487/overview |website=ATP |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003010518/https://www.atptour.com/en/players/-/A487/overview |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Stephen Amritraj]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2003–2008
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Stephen Amritraj |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/-/A536/overview |website=ATP |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728154759/https://www.atptour.com/en/players/-/A536/overview |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Shikha Uberoi]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2005–2011
|[[Asian Games]], [[Fed Cup]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Shikha Uberoi |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/210043/- |website=WTA |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731051549/https://www.wtatennis.com/players/210043/- |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sunitha Rao]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2007–2009
|[[Summer Olympics]], [[Fed Cup]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunitha Rao |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/180432/name |website=WTA |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622181950/https://www.wtatennis.com/players/180432/name |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Kanika Vaidya
|align=left|{{Flagu|Singapore}} {{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2008–2018
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Kanika Vaidya |url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2018/05/25/interview-with-kanika-vaidya/ |website=Indian Tennis Daily |access-date=25 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kanika Vaidya |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/kanika-vaidya/800158644/ind/wt/S/overview/ |website=ITF |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313193711/https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/kanika-vaidya/800158644/ind/wt/S/overview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Krisha Mahendran
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2022–
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Krisha Mahendran |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/krisha-mahendran/800660087/ind/wt/s/overview/#pprofile-info-tabs |website=ITF |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126165137/https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/krisha-mahendran/800660087/ind/wt/s/overview/#pprofile-info-tabs |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ITF World Tennis Tour Juniors USA National Rank |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/ustaassets/assets/689/15/usa_top_200_q1_-_girls.pdf |website=USTA |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126165137/https://s3.amazonaws.com/ustaassets/assets/689/15/usa_top_200_q1_-_girls.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Aishi Bisht
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2022–
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Aishi Bisht |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/aishi-bisht/800703427/ind/jt/S/overview/ |website=ITF |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525220121/https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/aishi-bisht/800703427/ind/jt/s/overview/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=USA Top 200 - GIRLS |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/ustaassets/assets/689/15/girls_top_200_-_jan_2022.pdf |website=USTA |access-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|Vihaan Reddy
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2023–2024
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Vihaan Reddy |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/players/overview/itf800731255.html |website=wimbledon.com |access-date=13 March 2024 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312200701/https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/players/overview/itf800731255.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vihaan Reddy |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/vihaan-reddy/800731255/usa/jt/d/overview/ |website=ITF |access-date=13 March 2024 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312201046/https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/vihaan-reddy/800731255/usa/jt/d/overview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Figure skating===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|[[Ami Parekh]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2006–2014
|[[World Figure Skating Championships|Worlds]], [[Four Continents Figure Skating Championships|Four Continents]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Ami Parekh |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00009836.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820072255/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00009836.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Amar Mehta
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2007
|[[World Junior Figure Skating Championships|World Juniors]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Amar Mehta |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00009835.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820072223/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00009835.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Yoniko Eva Washington]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2008–2010
|[[World Figure Skating Championships|Worlds]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Yoniko Eva Washington |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820121238/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Mayuri Bhandari
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2008
|
|<ref name=07-08res>{{cite web |url=http://isu.sportcentric.net/db//files/serve.php?id=1008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519091538/http://isu.sportcentric.net/db//files/serve.php?id=1008 |archive-date=19 May 2011 |title=National Results 2007/2008 |publisher=ISU }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=‘Ghoomar’ on ice: Watch this figure-skater’s beautiful choreography to the ‘Padmaavat’ song |url=https://scroll.in/video/867438/ghoomar-on-ice-watch-this-figure-skaters-beautiful-choreography-to-the-padmaavat-song |website=Scroll.in |access-date=5 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205164037/https://scroll.in/video/867438/ghoomar-on-ice-watch-this-figure-skaters-beautiful-choreography-to-the-padmaavat-song |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Anavi Tekriwal
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2013
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Anavi Tekriwal |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00014518.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821133703/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00014518.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Shreya Saha Dalal
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2015
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Shreya Saha Dalal |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00015181.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821182127/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00015181.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Arunima Verabelli
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2017
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Arunima Verabelli |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00101365.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822130912/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00101365.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="#ffff99"|[[Tara Prasad]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2020–
|[[Four Continents Figure Skating Championships|Four Continents]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Tara Prasad |url=http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00108989.htm |website=ISU |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322001730/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00108989.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Squash===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|Karm Kumar
|align=left|{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|align=left|2006
|[[Asian Junior Squash Individual Championships|Asian Junior Championships]]
|<ref name="ht">{{cite web |title=A fight for the right to play for India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/a-fight-for-the-right-to-play-for-india/story-YfbOnSrluY03JA3QIr9kHK.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=23 December 2008 |access-date=31 December 2023 }}</ref>
|}

===Swimming===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|[[Ankur Poseria]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2006–2008
|[[Summer Olympics]], [[World Aquatics Championships|World Championships]], [[Asian Games]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Swimmer Poseria requests govt to reconsider Overseas Indian policy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/swimmer-poseria-requests-govt-to-reconsider-pio-policy/articleshow/3910666.cms?from=mdr |website=The Times of India |date=30 December 2008 |access-date=25 January 2024 |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125230731/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/swimmer-poseria-requests-govt-to-reconsider-pio-policy/articleshow/3910666.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Shooting===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|Sohrab Singh Gill
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2007
|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sorab Singh Gill |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM1908198701 |website=ISSF |access-date=31 December 2023 }}</ref>
|}

===Gymnastics===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|Veronika Yadav
|align=left|{{Flagu|Ukraine}}
|align=left|2017–
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Veronika Yadav |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=77165 |website=FIG |access-date=14 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ms. Veronika Yadav, daughter of Mr. Sanjay Prasad Yadav met with Ambassador of India to Ukraine H.E. Mr. Manoj K. Bharti |url=https://www.eoiukraine.gov.in/what-new-7feb.php |website=Embassy of India in Ukraine |date=7 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MIKULÁS KUPA 2013 |url=https://www.rgym.info/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8855&p=163890 |website=rgym.info }}</ref>
|}

===Badminton===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|[[Srivedya Gurazada]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|United States}}
|align=left|2019–2022
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Srivedya Gurazada |url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/96531/srivedya-gurazada |website=BWF |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321100421/https://bwfbadminton.com/player/96531/srivedya-gurazada |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=From Boston to Hyderabad to back in the US: Srivedya leaves India in quest for Olympics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/badminton/from-boston-to-hyderabad-to-back-in-the-us-srivedya-gurazada-leaves-india-in-quest-for-olympics-101674188367500.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322065051/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/badminton/from-boston-to-hyderabad-to-back-in-the-us-srivedya-gurazada-leaves-india-in-quest-for-olympics-101674188367500.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Skiing===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|Leona Dogra
|align=left|{{Flagu|Switzerland}}
|align=left|2019
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/athlete-biography.html?competitorid=246709&sectorcode=AL |title=Leona Dogra |website=FIS-Ski |publisher=International Ski Federation |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126162047/https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/athlete-biography.html?competitorid=246709&sectorcode=AL |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sess.lobadi.de/subevents/others/596 |title=FIS - SLOPESTYLE |website=sess.lobadi.de |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126162048/https://sess.lobadi.de/subevents/others/596 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Other sports==
===Mixed martial arts (Pro MMA)===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Sportsperson!!Nationality!!Years!!Notable events!!Ref
|-
|[[Arjan Bhullar]]
|align=left|{{Flagu|Canada}}
|align=left|2017–
|[[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]], [[ONE Championship|ONE FC]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Arjan Singh Bhullar |url=https://www.ufc.com/athlete/arjan-singh-bhullar |website=UFC |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417064127/https://www.ufc.com/athlete/arjan-singh-bhullar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Arjan Singh Bhullar |url=https://www.onefc.com/athletes/arjan-bhullar/ |website=ONE FC |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317183537/https://www.onefc.com/athletes/arjan-bhullar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Gurdarshan Mangat
|align=left|{{Flagu|Canada}}
|align=left|2019–
|[[ONE Championship|ONE FC]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurdarshan Mangat |url=https://www.onefc.com/athletes/gurdarshan-mangat/ |website=ONE FC |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317184339/https://www.onefc.com/athletes/gurdarshan-mangat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
*[[Indian diaspora]]
*[[List of India international footballers born outside India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Sport in India]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Expatriate sportspeople in India]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Sikkim

2026-01-11T02:24:06Z

BrianSop: New basic post w/ sources

{{WikiProject status|inactive|sc1=WP:INSK}}

{| width="100%" style="background-color:#7481f7; padding:2px; border-top:2px solid #000;border-bottom:2px solid #000; border-left:2px solid #000; border-right:2px solid #000; " cellspacing="5" valign="top"|
__NOTOC__
|-
| style="background-color:#d1e3ff;padding:10px" valign="top"|

{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}
Some [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]s have formed a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|project]] to improve organisation and standardised look and feel of articles related to the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Sikkim]].

If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] and see the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Sikkim/to do|to-do list]] there.

'''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Sikkim/New articles|New articles]]''' page contains articles that may be Sikkim related. Please add this page your watchlist and monitor the articles.

==Scope==
The scope of this article fundamentally is loosely defined as all articles and sections relating to [[Sikkim]]. Almost all of these will be (eventually) categorised under [[:Category:Sikkim]] and [[:Category:India]]

==Goals==

# Creation of a generally standard look and feel for all Sikkim-related articles.
# To produce as many [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured Articles]] as possible related to Sikkim.

==Participants==
===Active members===
To join WikiProject Sikkim, edit this section and add the [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] <code><nowiki>#{{subst:me}}</nowiki></code> with your areas of interest to the bottom of the following list of members. Members should also place [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Sikkim#Member identification|member identification]] on their user page.
#{{User|Tinucherian}}
#{{User|GDibyendu}}
#{{User|Amartyabag}}
#[[User:Kintetsubuffalo|Chris (クリス • フィッチュ)]] ([[User talk:Kintetsubuffalo|talk]])
#{{User|Niteshpradhans}}
#{{User|RPSkokie}}

===Former members===
Thank you for your help! Please move your username back to the active list when you can participate again.
#{{User|Buaidh}} 19:22:29, 19 July 2019 (UTC) – WikiProject templates and categories.

===Member identification===
Members of WikiProject Sikkim should place one of the following lines of [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] on their [[Special:MyPage|user page]] to add it to '''{{nobreak|[[:Category:WikiProject Sikkim participants]]}}'''.
{{yytop}}
{{yycat|WikiProject Sikkim participants}}
{{yy|Template:User WP Sikkim}}
{{yy|Template:User WP Sikkim|invite}}
{{yyend}}
For other Sikkim user templates, see '''{{nobreak|[[:Category:Sikkim user templates]]}}'''.

==Parentage==
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India]]
**[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India/States|Indian states]]

==Descendant WikiProjects==
No descendant WikiProjects have been defined.

==Portal==
*[[Portal:Sikkim]]

== Discussion ==
*[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Sikkim]]

==Naming conventions==
*[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)]]

==Structure==
Refer to
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indian_states#Sections]] for state articles
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indian_districts#Sections]] for district articles
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indian_cities#Sections]] for city articles

== WikiProject Sikkim notice ==

Place this WikiProject notice {{tl|WP India}} at the top of an article's Talk page to direct editors to the WikiProject

Sikkim for guidelines.

To use it, place
'''<nowiki>{{WP India|class=|importance=|sikkim=yes|sikkim-importance=}}</nowiki>'''
at the top of an article's Talk page.
It will produce:
{{WP India|sikkim=yes|category=no}}

==Stubs==
For stubs about the geography of Sikkim, use '''{{tl|sikkim-geo-stub}}'''. This will go into the [[:Category:Sikkim geography stubs]] category.

==Templates==
===Barnstars===

For significant contribution to Sikkim-related pages, across state and national borders, you may award '''The Khangchendzonga Star'''.

'''Syntax:''' {{tlsp|The Khangchendzonga Star | message <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}}.

It will produce:
{| style="border: 2px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#b1d3e6}}};"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Kangchenjunga 3D.gif|120px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; color: #003252; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em | '''The Khangchendzonga Star'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | {{{1}}}
|}

==Featured articles==
* none at the moment

==Featured lists==
* [[List of constituencies of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]

==Good Articles==
* [[State Council (Sikkim)]]

==Articles currently in [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates|FAC]]==
* none at the moment

==Articles currently in [[Wikipedia:Peer review|PR]]==
* none at the moment

==To-do list==
<s>* [[coat of arms of Sikkim]]</s>

{{User:WolterBot/Cleanup listing subscription|wgcat=WikiProject Sikkim articles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikkim}}
[[Category:India-related WikiProjects]]
[[Category:WikiProject Sikkim| ]]
[[Category:WikiProjects participating in Wikipedia 1.0 assessments]]

Rajasthan Patrika

2026-01-02T10:01:51Z

BrianSop: updated page

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-Rajasthani language newspaper}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Rajasthan Patrika
| logo = Rajasthan Patrika Logo.svg
| image = Rajasthan_Patrika_on_Feb_29th_2012.jpg
| caption = 29 February 2012 front page of ''Rajasthan Patrika''
| type = Daily [[newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| owners = Rajasthan Patrika Pvt. Ltd.
| founder = Karpoor Chand Kulish
| news_editor = Gulab Kothari
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1956|3|7}}
| political_position = neutral
| language = [[Hindi]] & [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]
| headquarters = [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]
| circulation = 1,385,000 Daily<ref name=ABCIND>{{cite web| url= http://www.auditbureau.org/files/JD%202022%20Highest%20Circulated%20(across%20languages).pdf | title= Highest Circulated Daily Newspapers (language wise) | publisher= [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]]}}</ref>
| circulation_date = April 2023
| website = {{Official URL}}
| free = {{URL|http://epaper.patrika.com/}}
| nrega rajsthan =
}}

'''''Rajasthan Patrika''''' ({{lit|The Rajasthan Newsletter|translit=Rājasthāna Patrikā}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-[[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] language daily [[newspaper]]. It was founded by [[Karpoor Chandra Kulish]] in 1956 and published as ''Rajasthan Patrika'' in [[Delhi]] and [[Rajasthan]], and as '''''Patrika''''' in 9 other states.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|last1=Ajwani|first1=Deepak|title=For Rajasthan Patrika, it is Readers Above Advertisers|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/marwari-power/for-rajasthan-patrika-it-is-readers-above-advertisers/37385/1|website=Forbes India Magazine|access-date=9 August 2014|date=18 March 2014}}</ref>

As per [[Indian Readership Survey|Indian Readership Survey 2013]], ''Rajasthan Patrika'' emerged as the fourth most-read Hindi language newspaper in India, and ''Patrika'' emerged sixth.<ref>{{cite news|title=MRUC reveals Indian Readership Survey 2013 findings|url=https://www.athensjournals.gr/reviews/2019-2906-AJMMC.pdf|work=Athens Journals|date=28 January 2014}}</ref>

==History==
''Rajasthan Patrika'' was founded by [[Karpoor Chandra Kulish]] on 7 March 1956. Mr. Karpoor Chand Kulish is follower of [[Jainism|Jain]] religion. Over the years, it became a leading national daily.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ajwani|first1=Deepak|title=For Rajasthan Patrika, it is Readers Above Advertisers|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/printcontent/37385|work=Forbes India Magazine|date=18 Mar 2014|language=en}}</ref>

==Editions==

''Rajasthan Patrika'' prints editions in [[New Delhi]] and the seven cities of Chhattisgarh (in [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Jagdalpur]] and [[Raipur]]), Gujarat (in [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Surat]]), Karnataka (in [[Bangalore]] and [[Hubli]]), Madhya Pradesh (under the shorter name of ''Patrika'' in [[Bhopal]], [[Gwalior]], [[Indore]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Ujjain]] and eight other cities), Rajasthan in ([[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Gangapur City]] and 13 other cities) and in Tamil Nadu (at [[Chennai]] and [[Coimbatore]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=About Patrika Conglomerate|url=http://cloud.patrika.com/?portfolio=about-us|publisher=Patrika Group|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Patrika launches two more editions from Madhya Pradesh|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/31267_Patrika-launches-two-more-editions-from-Madhya-Pradesh|website=afaqs!|access-date=9 August 2014|date=1 August 2011}}</ref>

Early in 2015, ''Rajasthan Patrika'' announced a Delhi-based English news website, called Catch News under the aegis of senior journalist and editor [[Shoma Chaudhury|Shoma Chaudhry]].<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/catch-news {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}}</ref> Rajasthan Patrika also publish two bimonthly [[Hindi]] language child magazines — "Balhans" and "Chotu-Motu".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://balhans.patrika.com/|title=Read Online Hindi Magazine for Children - Emagazine for Kids — Balhans|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307170849/http://balhans.patrika.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Television==
The newspaper also has a television division, '''''Patrika TV''''', which covers news events and airs via satellite domestically and through its [[YouTube]] channel worldwide. The network launched on 9 June 2015.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Criticism ==
Patrika has been criticised for non-implementation of Majithia Wage Board's recommendations for hiking wages of employees of newspapers, several cases have been lodged in various high courts of states in India and even in Supreme Court of India.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

==Social awareness activities==
*''Amritam Jalam'': The campaign focuses on saving water through restoration and renovation of neglected and derelict water bodies.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Agarwal|first1=Sanjay|title=Daan and Other Giving Traditions in India: The Forgotten Pot of Gold|year=2010|page=108|publisher=AccountAid India |isbn=9788191085402|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tazZHHgu4DAC&q=Amritam+Jalam&pg=PT111|access-date=8 September 2014}}</ref>

==Awards given by Patrika==

===Karpoor Chandra Kulish International Journalism Award===

In 2007, ''Rajasthan Patrika'' instituted the Karpoor Chandra Kulish International Journalism Award in the memory of Karpoor Chand Kulish, the founder editor. This annual international award carries prize money of US$11,000 and a trophy. The award is aimed at recognizing efforts of thought leaders in media, journalist's outstanding contributions to upholding professional values as well as protecting and promoting ethics and morality, right and freedom of the people for better quality of life. ''Dawn Pakistan'' and ''Hindustan Times Delhi'' were jointly given the inaugural award in New Delhi on 12 March 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=KC Kulish International Award for Excellence in Print Journalism|url=http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/kck-award/the-award.html|publisher=Rajasthan Patrika|access-date=17 June 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401172328/http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/kck-award/the-award.html |archive-date=1 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Karpoor Chandra Kulish Award 2014|url=http://kckaward.patrika.com/the-award.html|website=kckaward.patrika.com|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615093556/http://kckaward.patrika.com/the-award.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Concerned Communicator Award===

As a part of its CSR initiatives and social partnering for a better world, ''Rajasthan Patrika'' instituted the Concerned Communicator Award in 1997. The winner is awarded a cash prize of US$11,000 and a certificate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Concerned Communicator Award|url=http://www.concernedcommunicatoraward.org/|publisher=Patrika Group|access-date=10 June 2014|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828212624/http://www.concernedcommunicatoraward.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Achievements==

*India's First News site on IDN domain (पत्रिका.भारत)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/miscellenous-india/biggest-change-in-the-world-of-news-1637987/|title=The world's biggest change of news on the web|website=www.patrika.com|language=hi|access-date=2017-08-06}}</ref>

== Notable columnist ==
*[[Feroze Varun Gandhi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feroze Varun Gandhi: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/feroze-varun-gandhi-36597.html |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[The Hindu]]''
* [[List of newspapers in India by circulation]]
* [[List of newspapers in the world by circulation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|hi}}
* {{youTube|h=RajasthanPatrikaTV}}

{{Newspapers in India}}

[[Category:Mass media in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Hindi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1956]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Delhi]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Chennai]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Newspapers owned by Patrika Group]]

{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Renuka Mahatme

2025-12-29T04:11:38Z

BrianSop: Updated entries and formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Renuka Mahatme
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Y. R. Swamy]]
| producer = H. M. Reddy
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[R. Nagendra Rao]] [[Pandari Bai]] [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]]
| music = H. R. Padmanabha Shashtri
| cinematography = D. L. Narayana
| editing =
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|1956|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
}}

'''''Renuka Mahatme''''' ({{audio|Kn-ರೇಣುಕಾ ಮಹಾತ್ಮೆ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1956 Indian [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film, directed by [[Y. R. Swamy]] and produced by H. M. Reddy. The film stars [[R. Nagendra Rao]], [[Pandari Bai]] and [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by H. R. Padmanabha Shashtri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiloka.com/movie/renuka-mahatme-1956|title=Renuka Mahatme|accessdate=2015-01-13|publisher=chiloka.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Renuka-Mahatme-1956/9219802358|title=Renuka Mahatme|accessdate=2015-01-13|publisher=nthwall.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113173716/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Renuka-Mahatme-1956/9219802358|archivedate=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatmovies.com/kannada/info/renuka-mahatme.htm|title=Renuka Mahatme|accessdate=2015-01-13|publisher=bharatmovies.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[R. Nagendra Rao]]
*[[Pandari Bai]]
*[[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0366959|Renuka Mahatme}}

{{Y. R. Swamy}}

[[Category:1956 films]]
[[Category:1950s Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1956 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Y. R. Swamy]]

{{1950s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Ramdas Padhye

2025-12-17T11:27:27Z

BrianSop:

{{Short description|Indian ventriloquist, puppeteer and puppet maker}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramdas Padhye
| image = [[File:Ramdas Padhye playing puppet 1.webm|Ramdas Padhye playing puppet 1]]
| caption = Ramdas Padhye with his puppet
| birth_name = Ramdas Padhye
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1948|1|24|mf=y}} <ref>{{cite web|title=रामदास पाध्ये, हंसा वाडकर, सुभाष घई, जे. ओमप्रकाश|url=https://www.bytesofindia.com/newsdetails?NewsId=4632018177023289803&title=Ramdas%20Padhye,%20Hansa%20Wadkar,%20Ratan%20Salgaonkar,%20Subhash%20Ghai,%20J.%20Omprakash&SectionId=1002&SectionName=Be%20Positive&TagName=&NewsTagId=0&BM=False&FW=False&ITG=True|website=bytesofindia.com}}</ref>
| birth_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Ventriloquism]] | [[Puppetry]] | [[Puppeteer]] | Puppet maker}}
| years_active =
| parents = [[Y. K. Padhye|Yeshwant K Padhye]] (father)
| spouse = Aparna Padhye<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Puppetry has a lot of potential|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-puppetry-has-a-lot-of-potential-2294157|date=20 January 2017|work=DNA India}}</ref>
| website =
}}

'''Ramdas Padhye''' (born 24 January 1948) is an Indian ventriloquist, [[puppeteer]] and puppet maker.<ref>{{cite news|title=Say hello to....Ramdas Padhye|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/meet-ramdas-the-ventroloquist/article7481212.ece|date=30 July 2015|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> He has performed in India and abroad for five decades. Ramdas did his first TV debut in 1972 along with his puppet '[[Ardhavatrao]]' when [[Doordarshan]] called him to do a 15-minute show.<ref>{{cite news|title=On a string and a prayer|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-on-a-string-and-a-prayer-2264147|date=15 October 2015|work=DNA India}}</ref>

Ramdas was the first Indian ventriloquist to perform on various International television network like NBC, CBS and BBC.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|title=Making strings talk|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/story-126100|date=29 August 2015|work=Tribune India}}</ref>

Ramdas Padhye also trained Bollywood actors like [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<ref name="auto1"/> and [[Aditya Roy Kapur]]<ref>{{cite news|title=एका कॉलवर आदित्य रॉय कपूरच्या मदतीला धावून आले रामदास आणि सत्यजित पाध्ये|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/aditya-roy-kapur-becomes-bollywoods-first-actor-get-3d-look-alike-puppet-designed-by-ramdas-padhye/articleshow/79387988.cms|date=24 November 2020|work=Maharashtra Times}}</ref> in ventriloquism.

== Career ==
Ramdas also performed before the former [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Indira Gandhi]] in New Delhi in the year 1968.<ref>{{cite news|title=Want to change society? Try art|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/want-to-change-society-try-art/|date=18 March 2018|work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Puppetry needs to evolve to survive in digital era: Ramdas Padhye|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/puppetry-needs-to-evolve-to-survive-in-digital-era-ramdas-padhye/story-cF8elNpMbxQZ0AX42iDnlN.html|date=25 October 2016|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

In 2001, American puppeteer Robert Rockwood used puppets made by Ramdas Padhye at Atlanta.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mumbai-based ventriloquist Ramdas Padhye's puppets to be the centre of attention in US|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20010528-mumbai-based-ventriloquist-ramdas-padhyes-puppets-to-be-the-centre-of-attention-in-us-776712-2001-05-27|date=27 May 2001|work=India Today}}</ref>

In 2020, Ramdas along with his son [[Satyajit Padhye]] designed India's first 3D printed puppet for film [[Ludo (film)|Ludo]].<ref>{{cite news|title=आदित्य रॉय कपूरसाठी रामदास पाध्येंनी बनवला ‘थ्रीडी बोलका बाहुला’|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/ramdas-padhye-made-aditya-roy-kapoors-3d-printed-puppet-ssv-92-2336453/|date=24 November 2020|work=loksatta.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aditya Roy Kapur becomes Bollywood's first actor to get his 3D look alike puppet designed|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/aditya-roy-kapur-becomes-bollywoods-first-actor-to-get-his-3d-look-alike-puppet-designed_171326|date=24 November 2020|website=indiaforums.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aditya Roy Kapur becomes Bollywood’s first actor to get his 3D look alike puppet designed|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aditya-roy-kapur-becomes-bollywoods-first-actor-get-3d-look-alike-puppet-designed/|date=24 November 2020|website=[[Bollywoodhungama.com|bollywoodhundama.com]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Performed in films
|-
! Year !! Film !! Note(s)
|-
| 1983 || [[Mahaan (1983 film)|''Mahaan'']] || <ref>{{cite news|title=Aditya Roy Kapoor's unusual skill Entertainment|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/231020/aditya-roy-kapoors-unusual-skill.html|date=23 October 2020|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Zapatlela]]''|| <ref>{{cite news|title='Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi' to 'Zapatlela' : Evergreen Marathi comedies to watch when you are under lockdown|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ashi-hi-banwa-banwi-to-zapatlela-evergreen-marathi-comedies-to-watch-when-you-are-under-lockdown/articleshow/74778181.cms?from=mdr|date=21 April 2020|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Dil Hai Tumhaara]]'' || <ref name="auto1"/>
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Zapatlela 2]]'' || <ref>{{cite news|title=No Strings Attached|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/no-strings-attached-5/|date=15 June 2013|work=Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
|{{Pending film|Zapatlela 3}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=kulkarni |first=priyanka |date=2024-04-10 |title=Zapatlela 3: तात्या विंचू परत येतोय! दिग्दर्शक महेश कोठारेंनी केली 'झपाटलेला 3' सिनेमाची घोषणा |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/zapatlela-3-mahesh-kothare-announces-marathi-movie-zapatlela-3-entertainment-news-pvk21 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Television
|-
! Show !! Platform !! Ref(s)
|-
| [[Gharat Basale Saare]] || [[Zee Marathi]] || <ref>{{cite news|title=लॉकडाऊनमध्ये नवी मालिका:बोलक्या बाहुल्यांची धमाल मालिका ‘घरात बसले सारे’, अर्धवट राव आणि आवडा अक्काचे कुटुंबीय येणार भेटीला|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/gharat-basale-sare-new-marathi-serial-on-zee-marathi-127373522.html|work=Divya Marathi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Video: ‘घरात बसले सारे’, बोलक्या बाहुल्या करणार तुमचं मनोरंजन!|url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/entertainment/gharat-basale-sare-a-new-show-on-zee-marathi/190357/|date=4 June 2020|website=mymahanagar.com}}</ref>
|-
| Meri Bhi Suno || [[Doordarshan]]|| <ref>{{cite news|title=Aamir Khan’s ventriloquist role leaves viewers speechless|url=https://zeenews.india.com/node/45744|date=8 November 2009|work=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hitting a century|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/hitting-a-century/articleshow/62576909.cms|date=20 January 2018|work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
{{Commons Category}}
*{{IMDb name|nm2611149}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padhye, Ramdas}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ventriloquists]]
[[Category:Indian puppeteers]]
[[Category:Entertainers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1948 births]]

Menon (surname)

2025-12-03T04:46:12Z

BrianSop: added new entry

{{about|the surname|other names|Menon (disambiguation)}}
'''Menon''' ({{IPA|ml|meːnoːn|lang|}}) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
{{tocright}}

==Etymology==
{{Empty section|date=August 2023}}

==Indian==

===In arts, entertainment, and media===
====Journalism====
*[[Appan Menon]] (1947–1996), Indian print and television journalist
*[[C. Karunakara Menon]] (1863–1922), Indian journalist and politician
*[[Chengalathu Kunhirama Menon]] (1857–1935), Indian journalist
*[[Mini Menon]], Indian journalist
*[[Ramesh Menon]], Indian author, journalist, and documentary film maker

====Literature====
*[[Anil Menon]], Indian computer scientist and writer of speculative fiction
*[[I. K. K. Menon]] (1919–2013), Indian writer
*[[Indu Menon]] (born 1980), Indian writer, novelist, and sociologist
*[[M. K. Menon]] (1928–1993), Indian writer
*[[Menon Marath]] (1906–2003), Indo-Anglican novelist
*[[Nalapat Narayana Menon]] (1887–1954), Indian author
*[[Nivedita Menon]], feminist writer and professor of political thought at Jawaharlal Nehru University
*[[Oyyarathu Chandu Menon]] (1847–1899), Indian novelist
*[[Puthezhath Raman Menon]] (1891–1973), Indian Writer, President of Kerala Sahitya Akademy, Judge of Kerala High Court
*[[Uroob|P.C. Kuttikrishna Menon]] (1915–1979), Indian author, also known as ''Uroob''
*[[Ramesh Menon]], Indian author, journalist, and documentary film maker
*[[Ritu Menon]], Indian feminist writer and publisher
*[[Sandhya Menon]], American young adult fiction author
*[[Sreebala K Menon]], Malayali author and filmmaker
*[[Vallathol Narayana Menon]] (1878–1958), Indian poet
*[[Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon]] (1911–1985), Indian poet

====Performing arts and film====
*[[Aishwarya Menon]] (born 1992), Indian film actress
*[[Alok Vaid-Menon]] (born 1991), American writer and performance artist
*[[Anjali Menon]], Indian film director and screenwriter
*[[Anoop Menon]], Indian film actor, screenwriter and lyricist
*[[Anuradha Menon]], Indian television actress and theatre artist
*[[Arjun Menon]] (born 1987), Indian playback singer
*[[Asha G. Menon]] (born 1986), Indian playback singer
*[[Balachandra Menon]] (born 1954), Indian film actor, director and script writer
*[[Bhaskar Menon]], Indian music executive
*Karthika Menon (born 1986), Indian film actress known by her stage name [[Bhavana (Malayalam actress)|Bhavana]]
*[[Biju Menon]] (born 1970), Indian film actor
*[[Divya S. Menon]] (born 1987), Indian singer and television anchor
*[[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] (born 1973), Indian film maker
*[[Hemanth Menon]] (born 1989), Indian film actor
*[[Jaya Menon]], Indian actress
*[[Kay Kay Menon]] (born 1966), Indian film, stage and television actor
*[[Lakshmi Menon (actress)]] (born 1996), Indian film actress
*[[Lakshmi Menon (model)]] (born 1981), Indian model
*[[Nithya Menon]], Indian film actress and playback singer
*[[P. N. Menon (director)]] (1928–2008), film maker
*[[Pattikkamthodi Ravunni Menon]] (1881–1949), Indian actor
*[[Rajiv Menon]] (born 1963), Indian advertising director, cinematographer, actor and film maker
*[[Ramesh Menon]], Indian author, journalist, and documentary film maker
*[[Ravi Menon]] (1950–2007), Indian film actor
*[[Rejith Menon]] (born 1988), Indian film actor
*[[Renuka Menon]], Indian Malayali film actress
*[[Revathi Menon]], Indian film actress and director
*[[Sekhar Menon]] (born 1980), Indian actor
*[[Sheetal Menon]], Indian model and actress
*[[Shweta Menon]], Indian model, actress and television anchor
*[[Siddharth Menon (singer)|Siddharth Menon]] (born 1989), Indian Malayalam playback singer and actor
*[[Siddharth Menon (actor)|Siddharth Menon]] (born 1989), Indian Hindi and Marathi film actor
*[[Sindhu Menon]], Indian film actress
*[[Sreebala K Menon]], Malayali author and filmmaker
*[[Sreevalsan J. Menon]], Indian vocalist and composer
*[[Suresh Menon]] (born 1967), Indian actor, comedian and television personality
*[[Suresh Chandra Menon]] Indian actor, cinematographer and film director
*[[Unni Menon]] (born 1955), Indian film playback singer
*[[Valsala Menon]] (born 1945), Indian film actress
*[[Vimala Menon]] (born 1943), Indian dance instructor

====Other arts====
*[[Anjolie Ela Menon]] (born 1940), Indian contemporary artist
*[[C. Madhava Menon]] (1911–1984), Indian painter
*[[T.A.S Menon]], Indian artist and former Principal of the Raja Ravi Varma College of Fine Arts Mavelikara

===In business===
*[[G. A. Menon]] (1931–2003), Indian businessperson
*[[Jaishankar Menon]] (born 1956), Indian electrical engineer; developer of RAID technology
*[[P. N. C. Menon]] (born 1948), Indian-Omani businessman

===In government, law, and politics===
====In government====
*[[A. R. Menon]] (1886–1960), Indian National Congress politician and doctor
*[[Ambat Sivarama Menon]] (1870–1939), Indian politician
*[[C. Achutha Menon]] (1913–1991), former Chief Minister of Kerala
*[[C. Karunakara Menon]] (1863–1922), Indian journalist and politician
*[[C. P. Karunakara Menon]] (1891–1976), Indian civil servant and administrator
*[[K. P. S. Menon (senior)]] (1898–1982), Indian civil servant
*[[Lakshmi N. Menon]] (1899–1994), former Deputy Foreign Minister of India
*[[Leela Damodara Menon]] (born 1923), Indian politician
*[[M. G. Ramachandran]] (1917–1987), actor and previous Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
*[[M. G. K. Menon]] (born 1928), Indian physicist and policymaker
*[[Muthal Puredath Murlidhar Menon]], Indian diplomat
*[[N. Gopala Menon]], Indian lawyer and politician
*[[P. N. Menon (diplomat)]] (1920–1975), Indian Ambassador to Greece and Yugoslavia
*[[P. Narayana Menon]], Indian lawyer, politician and administrator
*[[Panampilly Govinda Menon]] (1906–1970), Indian politician, lawyer, and freedom fighter
*[[Prabhakar Menon]] retired Indian diplomat
*[[Shivshankar Menon]] (born 1949), Indian National Security Advisor
*[[T. Govindan Menon]] (born 1823), Indian civil servant and administrator
*[[T. Sankunni Menon]] (1820–1881), Indian civil servant and administrator
*[[V. K. Krishna Menon]] (1896–1974), former Defence Minister of India
*[[V. P. Menon]] (1893–1965), Indian civil servant; played a vital role in the integration of India
*[[Vinod C. Menon]], member of the National Disaster Management Authority of India

====Social activists====
*[[K. P. K. Menon]], Indian lawyer and political activist
*[[K. P. Karunakara Menon]] (1930–2002), Indian social activist; former president of the Nair Service Society
*[[K. P. Kesava Menon]] (1886–1978), Indian independence activist
*[[Mukundan C. Menon]], Indian human rights activist
*[[Panampilly Govinda Menon]] (1906–1970), Indian politician, lawyer, and freedom fighter
*[[V. Viswanatha Menon]], Indian communist political activist

===In science and academia===
*[[A. Sreedhara Menon]] (1925–2010), Indian historian
*[[Anand Menon]], Professor of European Politics and Foreign Affairs at King's College London
*[[Anil Menon]], Indian computer scientist and writer of speculative fiction
*[[Geeta Menon]], Dean of the Undergraduate College at New York University Stern School of Business
*[[Indu Menon]] (born 1980), Indian writer, novelist, and sociologist
*[[K. Ramunni Menon]] (1872–1949), Indian educator
*[[M. G. K. Menon]] (born 1928), Indian physicist and policymaker
*[[M. K. Krishna Menon]], Indian gynecologist and obstetrician
*[[Mani Menon]] (born 1948), Indian-American surgeon
*[[N. R. Madhava Menon]] (born 1935), Indian legal educator
*[[Nivedita Menon]], feminist writer and professor of political thought at Jawaharlal Nehru University
*[[P Kesava Menon]] (1917–1979), Indian mathematician
*[[R. V. G. Menon]], Indian professor of engineering
*[[T. Bhaskara Menon]] (1898–1948), professor of pathology and principal of Andhra Medical College
*[[Usha Menon]], professor of gynaecological cancer at University College London
*[[V. K. Narayana Menon]] (born 1911), Indian art critic and scholar of classical Indian dance and Indian classical music

===In sport===
*[[Arjun Menon (coach)]] (c. 1977–2025), Singaporean cricket player and coach
*[[Narendra Menon]] (born 1946), former Indian cricketer
*[[Nitin Menon]] (born 1983), Indian cricketer and umpire
*[[Prashanth Menon]] (born 1977), Indian cricketer
*[[Ramesh Menon (cricketer)]] (born 1963), Indian cricketer
*[[Renjith Menon]] (born 1977), Indian cricketer
*[[Sashi Menon]] (born 1952), Indian former professional tennis player
*[[Satish Menon]] (born 1969), Indian cricketer

===In other fields===
*[[Atmananda Krishna Menon]] (1883–1959), Indian sage, guru, and philosopher
*[[Chinmayananda Saraswati|Swami Chinmayananda]]
*[[Narayan Menon]] (born 1944), former officer of the Indian Air Force
*[[Radhika Menon (merchant navy officer)|Radhika Menon]], merchant navy officer
==French==
It has also appeared, less frequently, as a [[French language|French]] surname:

*[[Louis François Henri de Menon]] (1717–1776), French agronomist
*[[Tugdual Menon]] (died 1560s), French composer

==Other nationalities==
This surname has appeared in other places:

*[[Aldrovani Menon]] (born 1972), former Brazilian football player
*[[Harikrish Menon]] (born 1973), Malaysian singer, songwriter, and record producer
*[[Luiz Cláudio Menon]] (born 1944), Brazilian basketball player
*[[Rashed Khan Menon]] (born 1943), Bangladeshi politician
*[[Sundaresh Menon]] (born 1962), Chief Justice of Singapore and a former Attorney-General of Singapore
*[[Vanu Gopala Menon]] (born 1960), Singapore civil servant and diplomat, former Permanent Representative of Singapore to the UN
*[[Anil Menon (NASA astronaut)|Anil Menon]] (born 1976), American NASA astronaut
*[[Anna Menon]] (born 1985), American engineer and commercial astronaut

==See also==
* [[Meno (disambiguation)]]

{{surname|Menon}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language surnames]]

Microfinance Focus

2025-11-25T06:47:55Z

BrianSop: added new page...

{{Infobox company
| name = Microfinance Focus
| logo =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| industry = [[Microfinance]], [[news media]]
| foundation = {{start date and age |2006 }}
| founder = Vikash Kumar
| location_city = [[Bangalore]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| products =
| homepage = {{website |http://www.microfinancefocus.com/ }}
}}

'''Microfinance Focus''' is an Indian online [[news media]] and publication company that focuses on [[microfinance]]. It is based in Bangalore, India. Microfinance Focus publishes news and articles daily and is considered as a resource centre for the microfinance sector globally.<ref>[http://www.gdrc.org/icm/bulletins/newsletters.html/GDRC: Microfinance Newsletter & Publications]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.undp.org.in/content/pub/PovertyReduction/Microfinance_Community-SynthesisDocument.pdf |title=UNDP: Resource Reference |access-date=2011-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604104854/http://www.undp.org.in/content/pub/PovertyReduction/Microfinance_Community-SynthesisDocument.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
Microfinance Focus was started in July 2006 by Vikash Kumar.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120917-rural-rockstars-vikash-kumar-managing-director-of-industry-centric-knowledge-portal-micro-finance-focus-759719-2012-09-07 India Today: Rural Rockstars-Vikash Kumar ]</ref>

Microfinance Focus was awarded the "Microfinance Community Knowledge Promoter Award for Outstanding Community Support" by Solution Exchange (a wing of the United Nations in India) in the year 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/edi-student-awarded-by-un-agency-107111001021_1.html |title=Business Standard:EDI student awarded by UN agency |date=February 5, 2013 |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref>

Microfinance Focus was launches as a publication under the Centre for Microfinance Promotion Trust in September 2008.

==Activities==
Microfinance Focus was set up to provide a daily news source and analysis on microfinance current affairs. The publication provides daily news, interviews, analysis and reports on the microfinance sector. The website is Microfinance Focus's main platform for communication. It publishes news about the sector on a daily basis, under topics ranging from outlook of social investment, to [[risk management]], to [[microinsurance]], to incorporation of information systems [[Information and communications technology|ICT]] or [[Management information systems|MIS]] in NGOs, [[mobile banking]], loan repayment and liquidity crisis. The online publication has also interviewed several Microfinance leaders including [[Muhammad Yunus]], [[Princess Maxima]], [[Vikram Akula]], Sam Daley Harris, [[John Hatch (development specialist)|John Hatch]], and [[Nachiket Mor]].

== Media coverage and citations ==
Several Microfinance Focus articles have been cited by international media and blogs including [https://web.archive.org/web/20110505061554/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/77043/20101029/microfinance-deaths-sks-microfinance-spandana-asmitha-share-l-t-andhra-suicides-india-microfinance-d.htm IBtimes], [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vivian-norris-de-montaigu/an-update-on-the-muhammad_b_839993.html Huffington post], [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/14/AR2011011404356.html The Washington Post], [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/feb/21/micro-insurance-protect-poor Guardian], [http://www.devex.com/en/articles/commercialized-microfinance-a-wall-street-style-calamity-for-the-poor Devex], [https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/10/29/bureaucrats-fight-back-in-battle-to-help-the-poor/ Wall Street Journal], [http://blogs.cgdev.org/open_book/2010/06/back-to-the-future-with-postal-savings.php CGDEV], and [http://www.yesmagazine.org/blogs/david-korten/microcredit-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly Yesmagazine].

Articles of Microfinance Focus have also been cited in many research papers such as [http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24412/1/Commercialisation_of_mF-MPRA.pdf COMMERCIAL MICROFINANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A CRITIQUE], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126155620/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/R4D/PDF/Outputs/SystematicReviews/FINAL-Q40-Social-Health-Insurance-Protocol-DFID-LSHTM.pdf DFID - Social health insurance Protocol], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20111022075559/http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/economic_growth_and_trade/development_credit/Evaluation_of_DCA_Guarantee_to_Root_Capital_Report_92110.pdf USAID-A Guarantee to Root Capital Report].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.microfinancefocus.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Microfinance Focus}}
[[Category:Microfinance]]
[[Category:Poverty activism]]

Jasmine D'Souza

2025-11-25T06:19:26Z

BrianSop: creating basic data added tags

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
'''Jasmine D'Souza''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Model (person)|Model]], [[Bollywood]] [[Actor|actress]] and a [[film director]]. She is the winner of the [[Gladrags]] Mrs. India 2001 [[beauty pageant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/entertainment/tanushree-pandey-crowned-gladrags-mrs-india/72481.html|title=The Statesman: Tanushree Pandey crowned Gladrags Mrs India|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |publisher=}}</ref> She is known for her role in ''[[88 Antop Hill]]''.

==Career==
Jasmine D'Souza started her career as a model endorsing popular brands such as [[Lakmé Cosmetics|Lakme]], [[Mitsubishi Lancer]], [[Nescafé|Nescafe]], Cinthol Soap, [[Lux (soap)|Lux Soap]], [[Colgate-Palmolive|Colgate]], [[Sunsilk]], Maggi Soups, [[World Gold Council]], [[De Beers|De Beers Diamonds]], [[Shoppers Stop]], and others. Jasmine was a [[Television presenter|television show host]] for the [[Food Food (TV channel)|Food Food]] channel. She is the director of Hindi movie ''[[One Night Stand (2016 film)|One Night Stand]]'' which was released worldwide release on 6 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011126/nation.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Nation|publisher=|access-date=24 March 2016|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310194044/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011126/nation.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20011210-25-year-old-green-eyed-model-jasmine-dsouza-heads-for-mrs-world-in-las-vegas-776339-2001-12-09|title=25-year-old green-eyed model Jasmine D'Souza heads for Mrs World in Las Vegas : SOCIETY & THE ARTS – India Today 10122001|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sunny-Leones-one-night-stand/articleshow/42609733.cms|title=Sunny Leone's one night stand!|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Looking-ahead-2015-A-new-direction/articleshow/45713881.cms|title=Looking ahead 2015: A new direction|work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Women-of-substance/articleshow/16109415.cms|title=Women of substance|work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Sunnys-one-night-stand/articleshow/42568955.cms|title=Sunny's one night stand!|work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k12/may/may54.php|title=Indian Television Dot Com – FoodFood launches Namaste Breakfast|date=7 May 2012|work=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Jasmine D’Souza married a film director Anthony D'Souza in 1998.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/18/stories/2002111801620300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030312233036/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/18/stories/2002111801620300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 March 2003| title=Crown for the married| date=18 November 2002 | first=Syeda | last=Farida |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| accessdate=16 January 2019 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
;As director
*''[[One Night Stand (2016 film)|One Night Stand]]'' (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2994848/Tanuj-Virwani-to-romance-Sunny-Leone-in-One-Night-Stand|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216200628/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2994848/Tanuj-Virwani-to-romance-Sunny-Leone-in-One-Night-Stand|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2014|title=Tanuj Virwani to romance Sunny Leone in One Night Stand|author=Bollywood Hungama|work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:DSouza, Jasmine}}
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|7867078}}

Brijesh Shandilya

2025-10-23T18:09:31Z

BrianSop: Added a entry

{{Short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{more footnotes|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Brijesh Shandilya
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Brijesh Shandilya Profile.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| alt = Brijesh Shandilya Bollywood Playback Singer
| landscape = 
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| alias =
| birth_date = 13 December 
| birth_place = [[Basti District|Basti]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| origin =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| genre = [[Indian classical music|Indian Classical]], [[Bollywood|Indian Bollywood]], [[contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Dance-pop]]
| occupation = Singer, record producer
| instrument =
| years_active = 2008–present
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
* [[Eros Music]]
* [[Saregama]]
* [[Zee Music Company]]
}}
| associated_acts = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}
'''Brijesh Shandilya''',<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/brijesh-shandilya-promises-more-good-music-in-new-year-101641129862789.html |title=Brijesh Shandilya promises more good music in New Year |date=2 January 2022 |access-date=26 November 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=Farah Rizvi}}</ref> is an Indian playback singer and composer.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Kasmin |date=24 April 2015 |title=Brijesh Shandilya: Unique singers have always existed in small towns |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Brijesh-Shandilya-Unique-singers-have-always-existed-in-small-towns/articleshow/47031050.cms |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=TNN, India |access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref> Trained in Indian Classical music, he has sung songs in several [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], including [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], since his debut in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/rapper-singer-brijesh-shandilya-said-people-catch-the-texture-of-the-singer-but-this-did-not-happen-to-me-129389952.html |title=Rapper-singer Brijesh Shandilya said - people catch the texture of the singer, but this did not happen to me |author=रौनक केसवानी |language=hi |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kgf-chapter-2-is-another-feather-to-singer-brijesh-shandilyas-discography/ |title=KGF: Chapter 2 Is 'Another Feather' To Singer Brijesh Shandilya's Discography |author=IANS |date=5 April 2022 |work=Koimoi |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>

==Early life==
Brijesh Kumar Tripathi, known by his stage name Brijesh Shandilya was born in [[Basti District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/i-record-songs-practically-every-second-day-brijesh-shandilya/story-ThqaSxOpK0tZYpb9u2NNrM.html |title=I record songs practically every second day: Brijesh Shandilya |date=2 August 2023 |author=Soumya Vajpayee Tiwari |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> He started learning classical music vocal from [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]] in 2000 and completed in 2005. Later in 2006 he came to [[Mumbai]].

==Career==
Brijesh initial training was in [[Indian classical music|Indian Classical]] music.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-shubh-mangal-saavdhan-rocket-saiyyan-song-ayushmann-khurana-bhumi-pednekar-395024 |title=Shubh Mangal Saavdhan Rocket Saiyyan song: Nervous Ayushmann Khurana and chilled-out Bhumi Pednekar will amuse you |author=India TV Entertainment Desk |date=5 August 2017 |work=[[India TV]] |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> He learnt vocals primarily but also plays the [[tabla]], [[guitar]], and [[harmonium]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/260416/melody-matters-brijesh-shandilya.html |title=Melody matters: Brijesh Shandilya |date=26 April 2016 |access-date =25 November 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |author=Aarti Bhanushali}}</ref> His music covers genres such as [[New-age music|new-age]] Indian classical music, Bollywood music.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/even-big-films-paid-like-small-budget-ones-during-lockdown-brijesh-shandilya-101638794574984.html |title=Even big films paid like small-budget ones during lockdown: Brijesh Shandilya |author=Soumya Vajpayee |date=6 December 2023 |access-date =25 November 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

His latest Bollywood song is the title track from the movie ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' (2017).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/brijesh-shandilya-on-singing-for-ayushmann-khurrana-in-chandigarh-kare-aashiqui-he-is-one-of-my-all-time-favourite-actors/articleshow/88011248.cms |title=Brijesh Shandilya on singing for Ayushmann Khurrana in 'Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui': He is one of my all-time favourite actors |date=30 November 2021 |work=[[Times of India]] |author=Milana Rao |access-date =25 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/golmaal-again-singer-brijesh-shandilya-earlier-music-directors-would-refuse-to-meet-me/story-pFE71Eo9SQDfP8TDL7GDXI.html |title=Golmaal Again singer Brijesh Shandilya: Earlier, music directors would refuse to meet me |author=Rishabh Suri |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=14 September 2017 |access-date =25 November 2023}}</ref> Another hot song is "Banno" from the movie ''[[Tanu Weds Manu: Returns]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/brijesh-shandilya-patola-peppy-punjabi-track-you-must-have-on-your-playlist/ |title=Brijesh Shandilya's Patola Is A Peppy Punjabi Track You Must Have On Your Playlist |author=IANS |date=17 December 2019 |work=Koimoi |access-date=25 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/mirchi-music-awards-jury-member-brijesh-shandilya-talks-about-besharam-rang-controversy-brahmastra-and-more/98024864 |title=Mirchi Music Awards jury member Brijesh Shandilya talks about 'Besharam Rang' controversy, 'Brahmastra' and more |author=Palak Agarwal |access-date =25 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-banno-is-my-sholay-says-brijesh-shandilya-2789567 |title='Banno is my Sholay', says Brijesh Shandilya |author=Dhaval Mehta |date=14 September 2023 |access-date =25 November 2023 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> In 2016, he sang "Sarrainodu" the title song for the film ''[[Sarrainodu]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-brijesh-shandilya-on-his-musical-journey/article19833450.ece |title=Singer Brijesh Shandilya on his musical journey |date=10 October 2017 |author=NEERAJA MURTHY |access-date =25 November 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/brijesh-shandilya-unlike-bollywood-log-yahan-bohat-dil-se-kaam-karte-hai/articleshow/59669998.cms |title=Brijesh Shandilya: Unlike Bollywood log yahan bohat dil se kaam karte hai |date=20 July 2017 |work=[[Times of India]] |access-date =25 November 2023 |author=Papri Paul}}</ref> In 2008, he sang "Hooriyaan" for the film ''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]''. In 2013 he also sang "Fauji" from the movie ''[[War Chhod Na Yaar]]''. In 2015, he sang "Mera Nachan Nu", for the film ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/aug/22/i-survived-on-the-roads-of-mumbai-brijesh-shandilya-1646354.html |title=I survived on the roads of Mumbai: Brijesh Shandilya |date=22 August 2017 |access-date =25 November 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/chandigarh-kare-aashiqui-brijesh-shandilya-shares-his-excitement-of-singing-his-first-ever-bollywood-rap-kheench-te-nach/ |title=Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui: Brijesh Shandilya Shares His Excitement Of Singing His First Ever Bollywood Rap 'Kheench Te Nach' |author=IANS |date=2 December 2022 |work=Koimoi |access-date=25 November 2023}}</ref>

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Song name !! Composer !! Notes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]'' || Hooriyan || [[Sneha Khanwalkar]]
|rowspan="6"|Hindi Film
|-
| rowspan=2| 2011 ||''[[Hostel (2011 film)|Hostel]]''|| Heer Doli Le Chal || Virag Mishra
|-
| ''[[Sahi Dhandhe Galat Bande]]'' || Mast Kalander
|rowspan="2"|Dhruv Dhalla
|-
| rowspan=2| 2013 ||''[[What the Fish]]''|| Saddi Hobby Jhappiyan
|-
| ''[[War Chhod Na Yaar]]'' || Fauji || Aslam Keyi
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)|Jai Ho]]'' || Jai Ho (Title Track) || [[Amaal Mallik]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Tanu Weds Manu: Returns]]'' || Banno || Tanishk-Vayu || Winner 2016 [[GiMA Award for Best Duo/Group Song]]
|-
| rowspan=3| 2016 || ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]'' || Mera Nachan Nu || [[Amaal Mallik]] || Hindi Film
|-
| ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' || Sarrainodu (Title Track) || [[S. Thaman]] || Telugu Film
|-
| ''[[Pranaam]]'' || Rann Ki Dahaad || Jaan Nissar Lone || Hindi Film
|-
| rowspan=8| 2017 || ''Zariya'' || Zariya || [[Vikram Montrose]] || Single Released by [[Zee Music Company]]
|-
| ''[[Munna Michael]]'' || Swag || Pranaay
|rowspan="4"|Hindi Film
|-
| ''[[Shubh Mangal Savdhan (2017 film)|Shubh Mangal Savdhan]]'' || Rocket Saiyyan || Tanishk-Vayu
|-
| ''[[Lucknow Central]]'' || Baaki Rab Pe Chhod De || [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|-
| ''[[Bhoomi (2017 film)|Bhoomi]]'' || Trippy Trippy || [[Sachin–Jigar]]
|-
| ''[[Spyder (film)|Spyder]]'' || Aali Aali / Haali Haali || [[Harris Jayaraj]] || Tamil / Telugu
|-
| ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' || Golmaal (Title Track) || [[S. Thaman]]
|rowspan="11"|Hindi Film
|-
| ''[[Brij Mohan Amar Rahe]]'' || Balma Yeh Karma || Tanishk-Vayu
|-
|rowspan="3"|2018 || ''[[Mukkabaaz]]''|| Mushkil Hai Apna Meil Priye || [[Rachita Arora]]
|-
||''[[Hotel Milan]]''
||Hotel Milan Title Track
||Amjad-Nadeem
|-
||''[[Badhaai Ho]]'' || Badhaiyan Tenu || Tanishk Bagchi
|-
| rowspan=2| 2019 || ''[[Chappad Phaad Ke]]'' || Seedhe Raaste|| Prashant Pillai
|-
| ''[[Pranaam]]'' || Rann Ki Dahaad || Jaan Nissar Lone
|-
|2021
|''[[Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui]]''
|Kheench Te Nach<ref>[https://www.lyricsmin.com/lyrics/kheench-te-nach-vishal-dadlani-shalmali/ Kheench Te Nach Lyrics Sachin-Jigar Feat. Vishal Dadlani, Shalmali Kholgade & Brijesh Shandilya] ''Lyricsmin''.</ref>
|[[Sachin–Jigar|Sachin-Jigar]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
| ''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]'' (dubbed) || Sulthan || Ravi Basrur
|-
|}

== Awards and achievements ==
Brijesh Shandilya has received awards and honors, including [[Global Indian Music Academy Awards|GiMA Awards]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-17/Shah-Rukh-Khan-said-theres-magic-in-my-voice-Brijesh/222229 |title=Shah Rukh Khan said there's magic in my voice: Brijesh |author=Sashidhar Adivi |date=18 April 2016 |work=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> [[8th Mirchi Music Awards|Mirchi Music Awards]] in the year 2016 and 2020.<ref name="Best Duo song">{{cite web | url=http://www.gima.co.in/film-award.php | title=Best Duo/group song | publisher=[[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]] | access-date=10 March 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412084441/http://www.gima.co.in/film-award.php | archive-date=12 April 2016 | df= }}</ref>
Brijesh Shandilya performed At The Royal Stag Mirchi Music Awards with Swati Sharma.<ref name="Brijesh Shandilya Swati Sharma At The Royal Stag Mirchi Music Awards">{{cite web | url=https://wn.com/brijesh_shandilya_swati_sharma_at_the_royal_stag_mirchi_music_awards | title=Brijesh Shandilya Swati Sharma At The Royal Stag Mirchi Music Awards | publisher=[[Mirchi Music Awards]] | access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian playback singers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.facebook.com/brijesh.shandilya.1 Official Facebook Page]
* {{cite news |date=24 April 2015 |title=Brijesh Shandilya: Unique singers have always existed in small towns |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Brijesh-Shandilya-Unique-singers-have-always-existed-in-small-towns/articleshow/47031050.cms |newspaper=Times of India }}
* {{cite news |date=26 April 2016 |title=Melody matters: Brijesh Shandilya |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/260416/melody-matters-brijesh-shandilya.html |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shandilya, Brijesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Basti district]]

Ormanjhi

2025-08-30T09:50:12Z

BrianSop: cleanup layout per sources and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ormanjhi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|29|0|N|85|29|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ormanjhi block|Ormanjhi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 607
| population_total = 3956
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Ormanjhi block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835219
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 06530
| registration_plate = JH 1
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 82.15%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Ranchi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]
| website = {{URL|ranchi.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ormanjhi''' is a village in the [[Ormanjhi block|Ormanjhi]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Ranchi Sadar subdivision]] of [[Ranchi district]], [[Jharkhand]], India.

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|23|23|0|N|85|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Ranchi district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, T: tourist centre, D: dam, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|24|26|N|85|29|6|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Angara | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Angara, Jharkhand]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|32|53|N|84|55|25|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Balsokra| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Balsokra]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|18|5|N|85|0|56|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bero| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bero, India]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|34|28|N|85|7|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Burmu| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Burmu]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|30|44|N|84|58|35|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Chanho| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Chanho]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|34|43|N|85|31|2|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chutupalu| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Chutupalu]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|40|5|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Dakra| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Dakra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|21|24|N|85|7|21|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8= Itki| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Itki, India]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|6|45|N|84|56|32|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Lapung| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Lapung]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|27|47|N|85|5|29|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Mandar| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Mandar, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|5|N|85|24|44|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Mesra| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Mesra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|11|0|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Nagri| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Nagri, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|29|30|N|85|29|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Ormanjhi| numbered13=R| mark-title13= Ormanjhi (R)|shape-color13=black| label-size13=13|label-color13=black 
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|15|55|N|85|38|40|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Rahe| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Rahe, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|21|1|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silli| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Silli]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|12|13|N|85|42|26|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonahatu| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Sonahatu]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|3|15|N|85|39|19|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Tamar| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Tamar, India]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|16|40|N|85|18|30|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Hatia| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Hatia]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|21|6|N|85|19|12|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Ranchi| numbered19=M| mark-title19= [[Ranchi]] (M) |label-size19=12 |label-color19=#800000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|10|12|N|85|34|48|E}} | label-pos20=top|label20=Bundu| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Bundu, India]] (M) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|21|25|N|85|24|15|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Ara | numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Ara, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color21= #A40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|25|50|N|85|20|40|E}} | label-pos22=top|label22= Arsande | numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Arsande]] (CT) |shape-color22= #A40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|18|20|N|85|22|11|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bargarwa | numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Bargarwa]] (CT) |shape-color23= #A40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|39|40|N|85|0|16|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bishrampur | numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bishrampur, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color24= #A40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|41|55|N|85|1|11|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Churi | numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Churi]] (CT) |shape-color25= #A40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|27|46|N|85|26|32|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Irba | numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Irba]] (CT) |shape-color26= #A40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|26|8|N|85|18|20|E}} | label-pos27=bottom|label27= Kanke | numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Kanke]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|38|10|N|84|59|0|E}} | label-pos28=bottom|label28= Khelari | numbered28=CT| mark-title28=[[Khelari]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|23|44|N|85|51|41|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Muri | numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Muri, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|19|50|N|85|22|36|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Namkum | numbered30=N| mark-title30=[[Namkum, Ranchi]] (N) |shape-color30=#C42222
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|25|13|N|85|13|14|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Ratu | numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Ratu, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|42|36|N|85|3|12|E}} | label-pos32=right|label32= Ray | numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Ray, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|22|57|N|85|25|44|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Tati | numbered33=CT| mark-title33=[[Tati, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|14|10|E}} | label-pos34=bottom|label34= Tundul | numbered34=CT| mark-title34=[[Tundul]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|27|4|N|85|41|36|E}} | label-pos35= bottom|label35=Hundru |labela35= Falls| numbered35=T| mark-title35= [[Hundru Falls]] (T) |shape-color35= #74C365
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|20|30|N|85|36|30|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Jonha Falls| numbered36=T| mark-title36= [[Jonha Falls]] (T) |shape-color36= #74C365
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|8|46|N|85|28|2|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37=Dassam Falls| numbered37=T| mark-title37= [[Dassam Falls]] (T) |shape-color37= #74C365
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|27|34|N|85|32|40|E}}| label38= Getalsud |labela38= Dam| label-color38 = #C42222 | label-angle38=0| label-pos38=right| label-size38=11| mark-size38=12| numbered38=D|mark-title38 =[[Getalsud Dam]]| shape-color38=#C42222
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|28|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label39= Subarnarekha |labela39= River |label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= 5| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|16|0|N|85|46|0|E}} |label40= Raru |labela40= River |label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 10| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|5|20|N|85|43|0|E}} |label41= Kanchi |labela41= River |label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= -25| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|58|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label42= Karkari |labela42= River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 5| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|29|40|N|85|37|0|E}} |label43= Bhairavi |labela43= River |label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= -10| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|42|20|N|85|9|0|E}} |label44= Damodar |labela44= River |label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 0| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|mark-coord45={{coord|23|24|0|N|84|55|0|E}} |label45= Koel |labela45= River |label-color45 = #77A1CB| label-angle45= 0| label-pos45=top| label-size45=10| mark-size45=0| mark-title45 =none
|mark-coord46={{coord|23|38|20|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos46=right|label46=CCL North|labela46= Karanpura Area |numbered46=0 | mark-title46=[[North Karanpura Area]] | label-size46=12| shape-color46=#AA6666
|mark-coord47={{coord|23|23|18|N|84|57|45|E}} | label-pos47=left|label47= Narkopi| numbered47=R| mark-title47=[[Narkopi]] (R)
|mark-coord48={{coord|23|31|17|N|85|17|29|E}} | label-pos48=left|label48= Pithuriya| numbered48=R| mark-title48=[[Pithuriya]] (R)
|mark-coord49={{coord|23|29|6|N|85|36|33|E}} | label-pos49=right|label49= Sikidiri| numbered49=R| mark-title49=[[Sikidiri]] (R)
|mark-coord50={{coord|23|19|37|N|84|55|28|E}} | label-pos50=top|label50= Khukhragarh| numbered50=H| mark-title50=[[Khukhragarh]] (H)
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|12|10|N|85|57|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-95| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Location===
Ormanjhi is located at {{coord|23|29|0|N|85|29|0|E}} at an [[elevation]] of {{cvt|607|m}} from [[mean sea level]] (MSL).<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Ormanjhi.html Map and weather of Ormanjhi]</ref>

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Ranchi plateau]], most of it at an average elevation of 2,140 feet above sea level. Only a small part in the north-eastern part of the district is the lower Ranchi plateau, spread over [[Silli block|Silli]], [[Rahe block|Rahe]], [[Sonahatu block|Sonahatu]] and [[Tamar block|Tamar]] CD blocks, at an elevation of 500 to 1,000 feet above sea level. There is a 16 km long ridge south-west of Ranchi. There are isolated hills in the central plateau. The principal river of the district, the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]], originates near [[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]], flows in an easterly direction and descends from the plateau, with a drop of about 300 feet at [[Hundru Falls]]. Subarnarekha and other important rivers are marked on the map. The forested area is shaded in the map.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> A major part of the [[North Karanpura Area]] and some fringe areas of the [[Piparwar Area]] of the [[Central Coalfields|Central Coalfields Limited]], both located in the [[North Karanpura Coalfield]], are in Ranchi district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/nrkpra.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – North Karanpura |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/pprwr.php| title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – Piparwar |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref> There has been extensive industrial activity in Ranchi district, since independence.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 14: Industry |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> Ranchi district is the first in the state in terms of population. 8.83% of the total population of the state lives in this district - 56.9% is rural population and 43.1% is urban population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Places of interest===
Ormanjhi is known for picnic and sightseeing spots. Birsa munda jaivik udyaan along with the aquarium is the main attractive spot. Some of the sightseeing spots are:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Jharkhand/Ormanjhi-61374.htm | title = Ormanjhi | publisher = India9 | access-date = 11 September 2021}}</ref>

*[[Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park|Jaivik Udyan Zoological Park]]
* Gonda Hill
* [[Hutup]]
* [[Getalsud Dam]]
* [[Blue Pond (Ormanjhi, Jharkhand)|Blue Pond]]
* [[Mahakaal mandir (Gagari hill)]]

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ormanjhi had a total population of 3,956, of which 2,030 (51%) were males and 1,926 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 471. The total number of literate persons in Ormanjhi was 2,863 (82.15% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi , Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 373626, page 160-161|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 11 September 2021}}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
There is a police station at Ormanjhi.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| title = District Police Profile - Ranchi| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 11 September 2021| archive-date = 8 September 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210908124539/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| url-status = dead}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Ormanjhi CD block are located at Ormanjhi village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Ranchi district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 11 September 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[Sikidiri]] Hydroelectricity power plant is at 17 km from Ormanjhi.

==Transport==
[[National Highway 20 (India)|National Highway 20]] (earlier NH 33) (Ranchi-Ramgarh-Hazaribagh Road), an important roadway in Ranchi district, passes through Ormanjhi.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Census of India 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 15 Transport| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |access-date = 13 September 2021}}</ref><ref>Google maps</ref>

The nearest airport is [[Ranchi Airport]] and the nearest railway station is at [[Ranchi]].

==Education==
Ram Tahal Choudary Inter College is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established at Dardag, Ormanjhi in 2007. It has facilities for teaching in classes XI and XII. It has a playground and a library with 3,055 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140901208/rtc-inter-college-dardag.html | title = RTC Inter College Dardag | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref>

S.S. High School is a Hindi-medium boys only institution established in 1954. It has facilities for teaching from class IX to class XII. It has a playground, a library with 2,307 books, and has 1 computer for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140906908/s-s-high-school-ormanjhi.html | title = S.S. High School Ormanjhi | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

TUSSV Project High School is a Hindi-medium girls institution established in 1982. It has facilities for teaching in classes IX and X. The school has a playground.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140906911/tussv-project-high-school-balika.html | title = TUSSV Project High Schhol Balika | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

Saraswati Sishu Vidyamandir is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established at Ormanjhi in 1991. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X. It has a library with 2,000 books and has 7 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140906912/saraswati-shishu-vidya-mandir-ormanjhi.html | title = Saraswati Sishu Vidya Mandir Ormanjhi | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 11 September 2021}}</ref>

Ram Tahal Choudhary Institute of Technology was established in 2008 at Anandi, Ormanjhi. Affiliated with the [[Ranchi University]], it offers degree courses in engineering.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.indcareer.com/jharkhand/ranchi/ram-tahal-choudhary-institute-technology-rtcit-ormanjhi | title = Ram Tahal Institute of Technology RTCIT Ormanjhi | publisher = IndCareer | access-date = 13 September 2021}}</ref>

Motiraj Devi Teachers Training College at Sandi, Ormanjhi offers a degree course in education.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.teachers-eligibility-test.com/b-ed-colleges/motiraj-devi-teachers-training-college/ | title = Motiraj Devi Teachers Training College | work = Admission Test | publisher = Teachers Eligibility Test.com | access-date = 15 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/colleges/moti-raj-davi-teachers-traning-college-anandi-ormanjhi-15rr67 | title = Motiraj Davi Teachers Training College | publisher = ICBSE | access-date = 15 September 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Two big hospitals, Medanta and HCG, are located in Ormanjhi off 2 days Tuesday and Saturday.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.maplandia.com/india/bihar/ranchi/ormanjhi/ Satellite map of Ormanjhi]

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Ranchi district]]

Nadbai

2025-08-23T15:50:32Z

BrianSop: rework intro as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|Town in Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nadbai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = [[Hindi]]
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.23|N|77.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 205
| population_total = 26,411
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=65458|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 321602
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05643
| registration_plate = RJ05
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-RJ]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nadbai''' is a city and a [[municipality]] in [[Bharatpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. Nadbai is administratively divided into Katra and Nadbai. It is also a subdivisional and tehsil headquarter in Bharatpur district.

== History ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}

It is believed that around 1000 years ago a man named Nanda or Nandoo, who was a milkan from nearby village Katara, populated this village and the village was named after him. Alternately it is believed that during the [[British Raj]], this town couldn't be captured, so people called it "Na Dabi", which means "not captured"; later it became Nadbai.

==Geography==
[[File:Sunset in Nadbai.jpg|thumb|right|Sunset in Nadbai]]
Nadbai is located at {{Coord|27.23|N|77.2|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Nadbai.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nadbai, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 205 metres (672 feet)

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Nadbai had a population of 26,300. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nadbai has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 53%. In Nadbai, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Transport ==

=== Rail ===
It is on the Jaipur-Agra rail route. The nearest railway station is Nadbai Railway Station around 0.5 km from city centre. One can catch trains for Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Agra, Varanasi, Lucknow, Gwalior, Khajuraho and other various parts of country from [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] Junction which is around 30 kilometres from here.

=== Road ===
It is about 10 km from NH-21 via Dehra Mod road and 13 km via halena road . Buses are always available for Jaipur and Bharatpur from local bus stand. One can get down on Dehra Mod which is on Jaipur Agra national Highway and 10 km from Nadbai. Public transport like [[auto rikshaw]], tempo are available from Dehra Mod to Nadbai.

== See also ==
* [[Bharatpur division|Bharatpur]]
* [[Bharatpur district]]
* [[Deeg district]]
* [[Suraj Mal]]
* [[Lohagarh Fort]]
* [[History of Bharatpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Bharatpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bharatpur district]]

Educational organisations in Cherthala

2025-08-11T15:27:42Z

BrianSop: Added a post - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

'''Educational organisations in Cherthala''', [[Kerala]], [[India]] include multiple primary, secondary and tertiary institutions.

== College of Engineering Cherthala ==
{{Main article|College of Engineering, Cherthala}}
College of Engineering Cherthala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cectl.ac.in/ |title=CollegeOfEngineering, Cherthala |publisher=Cectl.ac.in |date=17 October 2011 |accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref> is affiliated to [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]] (KTU) and [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]] (CUSAT), The college is approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE). It is one of the leading technical institutions in Kerala. It opened in 2004. CEC has established excellence in the field of science and technology. CEC offers bachelor and master engineering courses in electronics, computer science, and electrical engineering.

== Nair Service Society College ==
NSS College, [[Cherthala]], was founded by the Nair Service Society, led by the late Mannathu Padmanabhan.

This institution began as a Junior College in 1964. It was upgraded in 1968. Its first PG course was started in 1995.

The college has an active NCC Unit, three socially committed National Service Scheme Units and a sports and arts wing. Students won laurels in University examinations, youth festivals and athletic contests.

It offers Bachelor of Arts (English, Malayalam, History and Economics), Bachelor of Science (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Botany and Environment & Water Management), Master of Arts (Economics), Bachelor of Commerce and Master of Science in mathematics. The college is affiliated to [[Kerala University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralauniversity.edu/nsschertala.htm|title=N.S.S College, Cherthala|date=27 May 2010|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527094030/http://www.keralauniversity.edu/nsschertala.htm|archive-date=27 May 2010}}</ref>

== Sree Narayana College ==
SN College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sncollege.in |title=SNC_home_page |publisher=Sncollege.in |date=14 July 1964 |accessdate=4 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719001526/http://sncollege.in/ |archivedate=19 July 2013 }}</ref> It was inaugurated in 1964 by the late Sri. R. Sankar, the founder-secretary of S.N. Trusts and then Chief Minister of Kerala. It began as a junior college and evolved into a full college, offering ten degree courses and two PG courses.

The college enrolls more than 2,500 students served by more than 90 faculty. Four NSS units are active in the college. A Population Education Club and a Women's Cell operate there. The NCC wing has had its cadets participate in Republic Day Parade. College sports teams have excelled, especially in [[Kabaddi]] and [[Kho kho|Kho-Kho]].

Its degree courses are Bachelor of Arts (Malayalam, Politics, Philosophy, History and Economics), Bachelor of Science (Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology and Geology), Master of Arts (Economics), Bachelor of Commerce and Master of Science (Botany, Zoology, Physics). The college is affiliated to [[Kerala University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralauniversity.edu/snchrtala.htm|title=Affiliated colleges-Arts & Science Collegs|date=26 September 2011|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926212145/http://www.keralauniversity.edu/snchrtala.htm|archive-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>

== St. Michael's college ==
[[St. Michael's College, Cherthala|St. Michael's college]] enrolls 1,700 students with 62 members on the teaching staff and 47 on the non-teaching staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stmichaelscherthala.edu.in/|title=St. Michael's College|date=27 July 1967|publisher=Stmichaelscherthala.edu.in|accessdate=4 March 2013|archive-date=9 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109095546/http://stmichaelscherthala.edu.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Its degree courses are: Bachelor of Arts (Economics), Bachelor of Science (Physics, Chemistry and Zoology), Master of Arts (Economics) and Bachelor of Commerce. The college is affiliated to [[Kerala University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralauniversity.edu/stmicheals.htm|title=St. Michael's College, Cherthala|date=27 May 2010|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527094214/http://www.keralauniversity.edu/stmicheals.htm|archive-date=27 May 2010}}</ref>

== KVM College of Engineering & Information Technology ==
KVM College of Engineering & Information Technology opened in 2001. It is approved by AICTE and is recognised by Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iraa.cusat.ac.in/AHB2013/recognizedinst.html|title=IRAA CUSAT -- Prospectus 2013|date=24 June 2013|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624053223/http://iraa.cusat.ac.in/AHB2013/recognizedinst.html|archive-date=24 June 2013}}</ref>

== SNGM Institutions - Valamangalam, Thuravoor ==
The Sree Narayana Guru Memorial Charitable and Educational (S.N.G.M.)<ref>{{cite web |author=K.R. Gouri Amma College Of Engineering For Women |url=http://www.sngmc.org/ |title=S.N.G.M. College Campus |publisher=Sngmc.org |date=20 May 2011 |accessdate=4 March 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225031554/http://www.sngmc.org/krg_eng.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Trust runs M.Ed. College, B.Ed. College, Teacher Training Institute, Polytechnic For Catering Technology, Pharmacy College, Arts & Science College, Senior Higher Secondary School and K.R. Gouriamma Engineering College For Women.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sngmc.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225031554/http://www.sngmc.org/krg_eng.html|url-status=dead|title=S.N.G.M. College Campus -|archivedate=25 December 2010|website=S.N.G.M. College Campus}}</ref> The campus is situated in Valamangalam South village, 4 km east of Thuravoor-NH 47 junction. The institutions are affiliated with [[Kerala University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralauniversity.edu/afiliatedcolleges.htm|title=Affiliated Colleges|date=4 June 2011|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604012354/http://www.keralauniversity.edu/afiliatedcolleges.htm|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref>

== St. Joseph's School of Pharmacy ==
The school is situated near Cherthala.

== ITIs, ITCs and nursing colleges ==
* St. Joseph's ITI - Kurakanchanda, Thuravoor South
* S.B College of Engineering & ITC Munisif Court Junction, Cherthala
* Sobha ITC, K.R.Puram.P.O, Pallippuram
* KVM Nursing College - KVM Hospital Cherthala
* Sacred Heart Nursing College & Hospital - Mathilakam, Cherthala
* EXCEL ITC south of private bus stand near st. marys G.H.school Cherthala-688524 ph.0478-3251396

== Co-operative Training Centre/College ==
This institute is under the management of State Co-operative Union, Kerala. It offers a Junior diploma in co-operation (JDC) and a Higher Diploma in Co-operation & Business Management (HDC&BM). (Govt approved courses) Qualifications:
* JDC requires SSLC (medium: Malayalam/English)
* HDC&BM accepts any degree (medium: Malayalam/English)

Some seats are reserved for SC/ST, employees of co-operative societies and government departments.

Subjects include Co-operation, Types of Co-operative Societies and their functions, Co-operative Laws, Other Laws applicable to Co-operative Societies, Co-operative Audit, Rural Development Management, Banking Accountancy Software Applications. The curriculum includes field studies and ''viva voce''.

==Other educational institutes==

===MGEF (Mahathma Gandhi Education Foundation)===
Mahathma Gandhi Education Foundation's had office is at Cherthala. MGEF conducts Information Technology Courses ([[Multimedia]], [[Animation]], [[Computer programming|Programming]], [[.NET Framework|.NET]], [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] Engineering, Hardware Courses, [[World Wide Web|Web]] Designing Courses etc.), Fire and Safety Courses, [[Fashion]] Technology, [[Model (person)|Modeling]], [[Management]] Courses, [[Electronics]] and [[Electrical Engineering]] Courses. MGEF has [[Franchising|franchises]] or study centers all over [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. MGEF has international Offices in [[Bahrain]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]. MGEF provides 100% placement assistance through its Online Placement Cell and through its International Office at Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. MGEF Head Office is at Gandhi Bhavan, North of Devi Temple, Cherthala, Kerala.

=== Schools ===
Schools in and around Cherthala:

* [[Technical Higher Secondary School, Cherthala]]
* Holy Family Higher secondary School, Muttom, Cherthala Town
* St. Anns Public School, Muttom, Cherthala
* St. Joseph Public School, Pattanakad, Cherthala
* Little Flower School,
* St. Francis xaviers L.P school chandiroor
* St. Mary's Girls High School, Near Pvt. Bus Stand, Cherthala
* Sree Narayana memorial Government Boys Higher secondary School, Cherthala
* SNDSY UPS, Sreekandeswaram, Panavally
* SNHSS, Sreekandeswaram, Panavally
* Government Girls Higher secondary School, Cherthala Town
* Govt. Sanskrit High School, Charamangalam, Kayippuram
* Our lady of mercy, aroor
* Sree Rajarajeshwari English medium school, Kandamangalam
* HSS Kandamangalam
* Government Polytechnic College, Xray Jn., Cherthala Town
* Government Lower Primary School, Cherthala Town
* Pattariya Samajam High School, Pallippuram, Cherthala -688541
* St. George's H.S. Thankey
* Govt.U.P.School Velliyakulam, Varanad P.O, Cherthala
* Govt.H.S.S Chandiroor
* Govt.H.S Aroor
* Govt. HSS Thevarvattom, Poochakkal P.O.
*Al-Ameen Public school Chandiroor
* [[Bishop Moore Vidyapith, Cherthala|Bishop Moore Vidyapith]]
* Panickaveettil Sir Sebastian Public School, Vayalar, Cherthala (CBSE school)
* St. Theres'High school, near cher...-arookuty road, Manappuram
* Government L.P. School, Konattussery, Kadakkarappally P.O.
* St.Mary of Leuca English Medium School, Pallippuram, Cherthala-688541 (CBSE School)
* Vaduthala Jama-ath Higher Secondary School - Arookutty
* Fr. Xavier Aresseril Memorial English Medium School, Arthunkal- 688530 (CBSE School)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Education in Alappuzha district]]

Maiestas semilimax

2025-08-02T05:52:15Z

BrianSop: added new article

{{Short description|Species of true bug}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Maiestas
| species = semilimax
| authority = (Dash & Viraktamath, 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arctos.database.museum/name/Recilia%20semilimax|title=Binomial authority|publisher=Arctos|accessdate=November 24, 2012}}</ref>
}}

'''''Maiestas semilimax''''' (formerly ''Recilia semilimax'') is a species of bug from the [[leafhopper|Cicadellidae]] family that is endemic to [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalspecies.org/ntaxa/2457822|title=Recilia semilimax|work=[[Global Species Database]]|accessdate=22 May 2012|archive-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195511/http://globalspecies.org/ntaxa/2457822|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was formerly placed within ''[[Recilia]]'', but a 2009 revision moved it to ''[[Maiestas]]''.<ref name=WeebViraktamath2009>Webb, M.D.; Viraktamath, C.A. 2009: Annotated check-list, generic key and new species of Old World Deltocephalini leafhoppers with nomenclatorial changes in the ''Deltocephalus'' group and other Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). ''Zootaxa'', '''2163''': 1-64. [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02163p064f.pdf Abstract & excerpt]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3081814}}

[[Category:Insects described in 1998]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Hemiptera of Asia]]
[[Category:Maiestas|semilimax]]

{{Deltocephalinae-stub}}

Kolazhy Gram Panchayat

2025-06-26T22:01:54Z

BrianSop: creating initial details initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kolazhy Grama Panchayat
| other_name = Kolazhy GP
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Grama Panchayat
| image_skyline = File:Kolazhy Pooram.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kolazhy Pooram festival
| image_flag =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize = 250px
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kolazhy GP in [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.585016|N|76.215475|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]] 
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Kerala|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Thrissur Metropolitan Area|Thrissur]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Block]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Puzhakkal Block Panchayat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1951
| founder =
| named_for =

| seat_type = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Kerala (20)|Lok Sabha Constituency]] 
| seat = [[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]] ([[Constituency]] #9)
| parts_type = [[List of constituencies of Kerala Legislative Assembly|നിയമസഭ (Niyamasabha) (or Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly) Constituency]] 
| parts_style = para 
| parts = 
| p1 = [[Wadakkanchery Assembly Constituency|Wadakkanchery]] ([[Constituency]] #65)
| p2 = 

| government_type = [[Gram panchayat|Grama Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Kolazhy Grama Panchayat
| leader_title1 = President of the Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.64
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 14
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Kolazhykaran
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]] (PIN)
| postal_code = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160820061234/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/pincodesearch.aspx 680581] - Tirur (Mulagunnathukavu) PO
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|Telephone code]]
| area_code = [[List of country calling codes|+91]]-[[Subscriber trunk dialling|487]]
| registration_plate = KL-08
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Tropical monsoon]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen Am]])
| website = http://lsgkerala.in/kolazhypanchayat/
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kolazhy Grama Panchayat''', also known as '''Kolazhy GP''', is part of [[Puzhakkal Block Panchayat|Puzhakkal block]], in Thrissur taluk, in [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]] district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lsgkerala.gov.in/pages/electiondetails.php?intID=5&ID=740&ln=en |title=Kolazhy Grama Panchayat Details |access-date=30 May 2016 |archive-date=29 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629192343/http://www.lsgkerala.gov.in/pages/electiondetails.php?intID=5&ID=740&ln=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is located {{convert|6.8|km|mi}} north of [[Thrissur]] city.
The group of villages forming the wards given in the table below are governed by Kolazhy Grama Panchayat, [[Puzhakkal Block Panchayat]] and [http://www.thrissurdp.lsgkerala.gov.in/ Thrissur District Panchayat].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kolazhy had a population of 8,445. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kolazhy has an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 84%. In Kolazhy, 10% of the population is under the age of six. A majority of the population had migrated here for residential purposes, as they are employed in the government & private sectors.

==History==
In ancient days it was then part of Vijayapuram "pravrithi" in Trichur "taluq".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NUVIAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Cochin%20(India).%20Census%20commissioner%22&pg=PR15 Kingdom of Cochin Census of 1891]</ref>

For the purposes of census, Kolazhy Grama Panchayat is divided into three census towns of [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]], [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttur (CT)]] and [[Pottore Census Town|Pottore (CT)]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! Kolazhy Grama Panchayat
Ward # - Name
!Puzhakkal Block Panchayat
Ward # - Name
!Thrissur District Panchayat
Ward # - Name
! Census Town
|-
| 1|| 01 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Pottore Census Town|Pottore (CT)]]
|-
| 2|| 02 - [[Attore North]]
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Pottore Census Town|Pottore (CT)]]
|-
| 3|| 03 - Pottore North
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Pottore Census Town|Pottore (CT)]]
|-
| 4|| 04 - Thiroor
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 5|| 05 - Puthanmadamkunnu
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 6|| 06 - Athekkad
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 7|| 07 - Kolazhy North
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 8|| 08 - Kolazhy Centre
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 9|| 09 - Poovany
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 10|| 10 - Kolazhy West
|09 - Kolazhy
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kolazhy Census Town|Kolazhy (CT)]]
|-
| 11|| 11 - Pottore South
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Pottore Census Town|Pottore (CT)]]
|-
| 12|| 12 - [[Attore South]]
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Pottore Census Town|Pottore (CT)]]
|-
| 13|| 13 - Pamboor
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttur (CT)]]
|-
| 14|| 14 - Kuttur East
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttur (CT)]]
|-
| 15|| 15 - Kuttur West
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttur (CT)]]
|-
| 16|| 16 - Kuttur North
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttur (CT)]]
|-
| 17|| 17 - Kottekkad
|08 - Kunnathupeedika
|08 - [[Avanur]]|| [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttur (CT)]]
|}

[[File:Kolazhy Grama Panchayath Wards.jpg|thumb|Kolazhy Grama Panchayat Wards]]

==Administration==
The administration of the panchayat is done by a council consisting of 17 members elected from the wards of the panchayat. The council will rule for a period of 5 years. Presently, it is ruled by [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]. The front secured majority by winning 12 out of 17 seats in the [[2020 Kolazhy Grama Panchayat election| elections]] held in December 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Local Body Elections 2020 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala|url=http://trend.kerala.gov.in/views/index.php|access-date=2020-12-28|website=trend.kerala.gov.in|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309203519/http://trend.kerala.gov.in/views/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Panchayath Elections==
===Election 2010===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Total Seats
! scope="col" style="background:#0087BD; color:black;" | [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
! scope="col" style="background:#ED1C24; color:black;"| [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
! scope="col" style="background:#F97D09; color:black;"| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! scope="col" | IND
|-
|align="center"|17
|align="center"|10
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|-
|}
===Election 2015===
{{Main|2015 Kolazhy Grama Panchayat election}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Total Seats
! scope="col" style="background:#0087BD; color:black;" | [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
! scope="col" style="background:#ED1C24; color:black;"| [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
! scope="col" style="background:#F97D09; color:black;"| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! scope="col" | IND
|-
|align="center"|17
|align="center"|10
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|-
|}

===Election 2020===
{{Main|2020 Kolazhy Grama Panchayat election}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Total Seats
! scope="col" style="background:#ED1C24; color:black;"| [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
! scope="col" style="background:#0087BD; color:black;" | [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
! scope="col" style="background:#F97D09; color:black;"| [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! scope="col" | IND
|-
|align="center"|17
|align="center"|12
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|-
|}

==Education==
* [[Chinmaya Mission College]], [[Kolazhy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Thrissur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Villages in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Kolazhy Grama Panchayat]]

P. S. T. Saravanan

2025-05-21T13:08:39Z

BrianSop: Created Some Page Basic Info!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. S. T. Saravanan
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency|Kalasapakkam]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = V. Panneerselvam
| successor = V. Panneerselvam
}}

'''P. S. T. Saravanan''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency|Kalasapakkam]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222104134/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC065.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC065.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=kalasapakkam Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a065|access-date= 30 Apr 2022}}</ref>

== Elections contested ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election
! Constituency
! Party
! Result
! Vote %
! Runner-up
! Runner-up Party
! Runner-up vote %
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency|Kalasapakkam]]|| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] || Won ||47.92% || V. Panneerselvam|| [[AIADMK]] || 43.23%

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saravanan, P. S. T}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Dienglieng Assembly constituency

2025-05-13T14:41:01Z

BrianSop: Added pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Meghalaya legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dienglieng
| type= SLA
| state = Meghalaya
| established = 1972
| abolished = 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 17,376
| mla = Remington Pyngrope
| party = {{Party index link|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Dienglieng Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Meghalaya]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Beterson Kharkongor || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Jungai Khongjoh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Medistar Warbah || {{Full party name with color|Public Demands Implementation Convention|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || rowspan=4 | Martle N Mukhim
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || {{Full party name with color|Meghalaya Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Remington Pyngrope || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Remington Pyngrope |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,525 |percentage=27.67% |change={{increase}}8.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=4,459 |percentage=27.26% |change={{decrease}}14.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Drosingh Khongjoh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,882 |percentage=23.74% |change={{increase}}21.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teilang S Blah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,230 |percentage=19.75% |change={{increase}}8.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Edarstar Lyngdoh Nongbri |party=Khun Hynnieutrip National Awakaning Movement |votes=259 |percentage=1.58% |change={{decrease}}20.55 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=66 |percentage=0.40% |change= {{decrease}}19.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,355 |percentage=94.12% |change= {{increase}}21.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,376 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.38 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Meghalaya Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}14.12 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=5,238 |percentage=41.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teilang S Blah |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=2,775 |percentage=22.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandra L.Nongbri |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,409 |percentage=19.22% |change={{decrease}}27.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Grosswell Mylliemngap |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,445 |percentage=11.53% |change={{decrease}}23.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lampharang E. Lyngdoh |party=Khasi Farmers Democratic Party |votes=405 |percentage=3.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rolan Singh Nongrum |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=263 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,463 |percentage=19.65% |change= {{increase}}8.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,535 |percentage=72.41% |change= {{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,310 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Meghalaya Democratic Party |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= {{decrease}}4.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=5,655 |percentage=46.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medistar Warbah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,273 |percentage=35.14% |change={{decrease}}8.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Khlur Baiaineh Mukhim |party=Independent politician |votes=2,118 |percentage=17.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Winstonely Marbaniang |party=Independent politician |votes=113 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,382 |percentage=11.37% |change= {{decrease}}1.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,159 |percentage=74.12% |change= {{decrease}}4.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,823 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Public Demands Implementation Convention |swing= {{decrease}}10.12 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=7,508 |percentage=56.63% |change={{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medister Warbah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,751 |percentage=43.37% |change={{increase}}12.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,757 |percentage=13.25% |change= {{decrease}}9.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,259 |percentage=78.78% |change= {{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,194 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.19 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Public Demands Implementation Convention |loser=Public Demands Implementation Convention |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=5,809 |percentage=53.16% |change={{increase}}15.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medistar Warbah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,366 |percentage=30.80% |change={{increase}}10.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jungai Khongjoh |party=Hill People's Union |votes=1,738 |percentage=15.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Skoli Kharbamon |party=Independent politician |votes=15 |percentage=0.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,443 |percentage=22.36% |change= {{increase}}21.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,928 |percentage=79.05% |change= {{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,072 |ref = |change= {{increase}}34.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Public Demands Implementation Convention |loser=Public Demands Implementation Convention |swing= {{increase}}15.99 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Medistar Warbah |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=2,853 |percentage=37.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,772 |percentage=36.11% |change={{increase}}5.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jungai Khongjoh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,576 |percentage=20.53% |change={{decrease}}10.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Holder Kharumnuid |party=Independent politician |votes=348 |percentage=4.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Loson Lawrensius Nengnong |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=82 |percentage=1.07% |change={{decrease}}1.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Churchill Mukhim |party=Independent politician |votes=46 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=81 |percentage=1.06% |change= {{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,677 |percentage=76.77% |change= {{increase}}7.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,458 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.32 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Public Demands Implementation Convention |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}5.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jungai Khongjoh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,970 |percentage=31.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medistar Warbah |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,888 |percentage=30.14% |change={{decrease}}10.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Qrelshon Suting |party=Independent politician |votes=1,139 |percentage=18.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Martle N Mukhim |party=Independent politician |votes=1,094 |percentage=17.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tressphin Roy Skhemiew |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=174 |percentage=2.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=82 |percentage=1.31% |change= {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,265 |percentage=67.88% |change= {{increase}}19.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,566 |ref = |change= {{increase}}55.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{decrease}}9.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Dienglieng<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Beterson Kharkongor |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,153 |percentage=40.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jungai Khongjoh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,033 |percentage=36.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aloysivs Wilford Binan |party=Independent politician |votes=524 |percentage=18.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Broli Surong |party=Independent politician |votes=96 |percentage=3.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Festowell Giri |party=Independent politician |votes=38 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=120 |percentage=4.22% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,844 |percentage=46.38% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,171 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord missing|Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Meghalaya-geo-stub}}

Rajendra Pandey (Indian politician)

2025-05-07T20:56:52Z

BrianSop: Created Some Post V1!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{For|the Nepalese politician|Rajendra Pandey}}{{Infobox officeholder
| constituency = [[Jaora Assembly constituency|Jaora]]
| office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2018
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Rajendra Pandey''' is an Indian politician from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Jaora Assembly constituency|Jaora constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaora Constituency Election Results 2023: Jaora Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/jaora |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==

* [[15th Madhya Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[16th Madhya Pradesh Assembly]]
{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Rajendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]

National Highway 361B (India)

2025-02-27T17:22:35Z

BrianSop: creating some stub w/ refs.

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 361B
| image =
| length_km = 50.5
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q56289410|title=National Highway 361B|text= Map of National Highway '''361B''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = [[Kalamb, Yavatmal|Kalamb]]
| terminus_b = Wadki
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 61
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 361
| next_route = 44
| states = [[Maharashtra]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 361B''', commonly referred to as '''NH 361B''', is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/173465.pdf|title=New national highways notifications dated Jan, 2017|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=28 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=28 Aug 2018}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 61 (India)|National Highway 61]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=28 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-361B traverses the state of [[Maharashtra]] in India.

== Route ==

[[Kalamb, Yavatmal|Kalamb]] - [[Ralegaon]] - Kapsi - Sirasgaon - Vadner - Wadki.<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|361|country=IND}} Terminal near Kalamb.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|44|country=IND}} Terminal near Wadki.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/6857139 NH 361B on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH61 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Thapar family

2024-10-21T17:36:00Z

BrianSop: New basic stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|Family of Indian businesspeople}}
'''Thapar family''' is an Indian business family. They are not a single business group, and every branch of the family runs its own clutch of companies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Arnab |date=16 November 2011 |title=Coal mining baron Inder Mohan Thapar dies at 93 |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/sat-stays-irdai-order-on-cancellation-of-salujas-stock-options-11723189708434.html |access-date=9 August 2024 |website=Mint}}</ref> The family is of [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] origin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Nandita |date=24 July 2018 |title=Why is Karan Thapar complaining? His dynasty holds a key to Lutyens’ Delhi |url=https://theprint.in/lutyens-league/why-is-karan-thapar-complaining-his-dynasty-holds-a-key-to-lutyenss-delhi/87308/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The family's fortunes as a business house was founded by [[Karam Chand Thapar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Jyotindra |date=15 October 2019 |title=The downfall! How this iconic Delhi business empire went bust |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/the-downfall-how-this-iconic-delhi-business-empire-went-bust/articleshow/71575247.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Prominent members==
* [[Karam Chand Thapar]]
** Inder Mohan Thapar
*** Vikram Thapar
**** Ayesha Thapar, married to [[Nikesh Arora]], chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of [[Palo Alto Networks]]
**** Nitasha Thapar, married to Mukul Deora, son of [[Murli Deora]]
**** Varun Thapar
** Brij Mohan Thapar
*** Karan Thapar
*** [[Gautam Thapar]]
** [[Lalit Mohan Thapar]], never married
** Man Mohan Thapar
*** Sameer Thapar
**** Priya Thapar
**** Sonia Thapar
**** Arjun Thapar
**Mrs. Surinder Lal
***[[Naina Lal Kidwai]], wife of Rashid K Kidwai
***Nonita Lal Qureshi, wife of [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] golf champion [[Faisal Qureshi (golfer)|Faisal Qureshi]]

==See also==
* [[Thapar Group]]
* [[Thapar University]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Thapar family| ]]
[[Category:Business families of India]]
[[Category:Avantha Group]]
[[Category:Punjabi families]]

Tigwan

2024-04-24T14:21:09Z

BrianSop: New the entry v1

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tigwan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.27235|N|79.23913|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.388
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1248
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 205262
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tigwan''' ({{IAST|Tigwān}}) is a village in [[Bewar, Mainpuri|Bewar]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,248, in 203 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Tigwan had a population of 1,248, in 203 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|186}} This population was 54.0% male (674) and 46.0% female (574). The 0-6 age group numbered 168 (97 male and 71 female), or 13.5% of the total population. No residents were members of Scheduled Castes.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|136-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Tigwan as having a population of 736 people, in 131 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|180-1}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Tigwan as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 538 people (296 male and 242 female), in 87 households and 70 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 384 acres; it was then counted as part of [[Allau]] block.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|cii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Tigwan had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office and public library, as well as at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|186-91}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]