Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup?

2023-10-06T12:46:49Z

Brandnbb: Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup?

{{Short description|2018 Indian (Manipuri) Film}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Priyakanta Laishram]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| producer = Priyakanta Laishram
| starring = [[Priyakanta Laishram]] [[Bala Hijam]] [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]] [[Thounaojam Strela Luwang]] Inder Bajwa
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sachit Gurung Bryan Marshall
| editing =
| music = Isaac
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|04|07}}
| runtime = 24 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[English language|English]] [[Meitei language]] (officially called [[Manipuri language]])
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup?''''' is a 2018 [[Cinema of Manipur|English-Manipuri film]] written, produced and directed by [[Priyakanta Laishram]] under the banner, Priyakanta Productions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=3 October 2023 |title=Manipuri-English film promoting gender-neutral fashion to be screened in Mumbai |work=East Mojo |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/entertainment/2023/10/03/manipuri-english-film-promoting-gender-neutral-fashion-to-be-screened-in-mumbai/ |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> It is the first [[India|Indian]] film to discuss the subject of [[Male cosmetics|men's makeup]] and [[Gender neutrality|gender-neutral]] [[fashion]].<ref name=":2" /> The film stars Laishram, Inder Bajwa, [[Thounaojam Strela Luwang]], [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia|Nimrit Kaur Ahluwahlia]] and [[Bala Hijam]]. At the Lifestyle Young Influencer Awards 2018, the film won the Best Multimedia Influencer Award.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=15 September 2023 |title=Former top model Inder Bajwa stars in Manipur filmmaker's award winning film |work=Northeast Now |url=https://nenow.in/entertainment/former-top-model-inder-bajwa-stars-in-manipur-filmmakers-award-winning-film.html |access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref> The film was premiered at [[St. Regis Hotels & Resorts|St. Regis]], [[Mumbai]] on 7 April 2018.<ref name=":0" />

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In an interview with ''[[Scroll.in]]'', [[Priyakanta Laishram]] said that the film was inspired by his own experiences as a boy who wears makeup and gender-neutral clothing, as well as the prejudice, mistreatment, and disparaging remarks he encountered.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2023 |title=‘I knew I wasn't transgender but I had no idea who I was': Manipuri filmmaker Priyakanta Laishram |work=Scroll.in |url=https://scroll.in/article/1051143/i-knew-i-wasnt-transgender-but-i-had-no-idea-who-i-was-manipuri-filmmaker-priyakanta-laishram |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>

In ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Laishram stated that it was through his films that he began to accept himself, after having struggled with bullying and discrimination in school and college for his penchant for wearing makeup.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2022 |title=A Manipur film tackles sexual identity for first time |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/a-manipur-film-tackles-sexual-identity-for-first-time-7885549/ |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> Talking about the film on ''[[EastMojo]]'', Laishram stated that he had to deal with a lot of criticism, trolls, and negativity since men's makeup and gender-neutral fashion were topics that were either rarely or never discussed in [[India]] at the time.<ref name=":0" />

=== Filming ===
The film's [[principal photography]] started on 29 January 2018. The majority of the movie was filmed in [[Bangalore]]'s [[Garden City University]] and [[Mumbai]]. The film wrapped up its shoot on 5 February 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=6 October 2023 |title=Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup? : A Film Way Ahead Of Its Time – Priyakanta Laishram |work=Borok Times |url=https://boroktimes.com/who-said-boys-cant-wear-makeup-a-film-way-ahead-of-its-time-priyakanta-laishram/ |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>

Inder Bajwa, a former top model in India, said of working on the movie, "It is an incredibly sensible and essential initiative".<ref name=":1" />

=== Post-production and release ===
''Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup?'' was edited by Priyakanta Laishram and the music was composed by Isaac. The film had its premiere on 7 April 2018 at [[St. Regis Hotels & Resorts|St. Regis]] in [[Mumbai]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=5 October 2023 |title=Priyakanta Laishram's ‘Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup?' Shatters Stereotypes |work=Signpost News |url=https://signpostnews.com/priyakanta-laishrams-who-said-boys-cant-wear-makeup-shatters-stereotypes/ |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> and in [[Imphal]] on 11 May 2018. The film was later released on [[YouTube]] on 28 October 2018 for online streaming.<ref name=":2" />

== Cast ==
* [[Priyakanta Laishram]]
* Inder Bajwa
* [[Bala Hijam]]
* [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]]
* [[Thounaojam Strela Luwang]]<ref name=":1" />

== Reception ==
Upon release, the film received critical acclaim for its theme and narrative. ''Signpost News'' wrote, "Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup? succeeds in conveying its intended message in a very slick and straightforward narrative style that writer and director Priyakanta Laishram had adopted. The film has the power to make anyone reevaluate every small error and slur we make inadvertently when speaking to others daily without giving it a second thought".<ref name=":3" />

''Imphal Times'' wrote, "Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup is no less than a revolution".<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2023 |title=2018 Manipuri film Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup is no less than a revolution |work=Imphal Times |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/pdf/2023/April/16%20April.pdf |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> ''Borok Times'' called the film "A Film Way Ahead of Its Time". They wrote, "The film emphasizes everything that is the underlying cause of all stereotypical ideologies and practices that result in discrimination and exclusion in society".<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External link ==
* {{imdb title|15387918|Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup}}

[[Category:2010s Meitei-language films]]
[[Category:2018 short films]]
[[Category:2010s Indian films]]
[[Category:Cosmetics]]

Indian Mirror

2023-10-05T04:14:21Z

Brandnbb: New article - Indian Mirror was a nineteenth century Indian periodical founded in 1861

{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Indian Mirror
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format =
| language =
| foundation = 1861
| founder = [[Devendranath Tagore]]
| ceased publication =
| publishing_country =
}}
The '''''Indian Mirror''''' was a nineteenth century Indian periodical founded in 1861 by Man Mohan Ghosh and [[Devendranath Tagore]]. Having started as a fortnightly production, it had little competition other than the ''[[Hindoo Patriot]]'', and later became a daily publication. It's publication ceased in 1889.<ref name=Codell2004>{{cite journal |last=Codell |first=Julie F. |title=Introduction: The Nineteenth-Century News from India |journal=Victorian Periodicals Review |date=2004 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=106–123 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20084001?typeAccessWorkflow=login&seq=3 |issn=0709-4698}}</ref><ref name=lccn>{{Cite web |title=The Indian mirror. |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/sn88088320 |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref><ref name=Van1996>{{Cite book |last=Chaudhuri|first=Brahma|editor1-last=VanArsdel |editor1-first=Rosemary|editor2-last=Vann |editor2-first=Jerry Don |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcQMpaavVNAC&pg=PA191 |title=Periodicals of Queen Victoria's Empire: An Exploration |date=1996 |publisher=University of Toronto Press|chapter=3. India |isbn=978-0-8020-0810-7 |language=en|page=191}}</ref><ref name=Dutt>{{Cite book |last=Dutt|first=Manmatha Nath|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5goAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102 |title=Gleanings from Indian Classics |location=Calcutta|date=1894 |publisher=G.C. Chackravarti] at the Deva Press |language=en|chapter=Appendix|page=102}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Natarajan |first=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1c-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT122|title=History of Indian Journalism |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2638-1 |language=en|page=122}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{India-stub}}

[[Category:Newspapers published in Kolkata]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in British India]]

Aparna Devi

2023-10-04T04:08:12Z

Brandnbb: New article- Aparna Devi, early Indian female writer

{{Under construction}}
'''[[Aparna Devi]]''' (1899- 1962), educated at Loreto High School and the daughter of [[Chittaranjan Das]], was an Indian writer in [[Odia language]].<ref name=Padalkar2021>{{cite book |last1=Padalkar |first1=Ravindra |title=Ruling Dynasties of Independent India - Volume 2 |date=2021 |publisher=Notion Press |location=Chennai |isbn=978-1-63781-546-5 |page=290 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLEcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT290 |language=en |chapter=10. West Bengal}}</ref><ref name=Naik2021>{{cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Raghumani |title=Foremost Women Litterateurs: The Torch Bearers of Freedom Struggle in Odisha |journal=IJCRT |date=9 September 2021 |volume=9 |issue=9 |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2109346.pdf |issn=2320-2882}}</ref><ref name=Sengupta2011>{{cite book |last1=Sengupta |first1=Nitish K. |title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341678-4 |page=344 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVSh_TyJ0YoC&pg=PA344 |language=en |chapter=28. Over a decade of Hindu-Muslim comaradree}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Odia writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Aparna}}
[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Nabinkali Devi

2023-10-03T16:58:44Z

Brandnbb: New article- Nabinkali Devi, Indian writer

{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

{{Under construction}}
'''Nabinkali Devi''' was an Indian writer in [[Bengali language]] and sex worker known for her erotic poem titled ''Kaminikalanka'' (1886).<ref name=Bandyopadhyay>{{cite journal |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Aparna |title=Chronicles of Love, Betrayal and Prostitution in Late Colonial Bengal |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2014 |volume=75 |pages=723–728 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158453?typeAccessWorkflow=login |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref name=Sinha>{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Trayee |title=On Manada Debi & Her Book–The Autobiography Of An Educated Fallen Woman |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2020/10/27/manada-debi-autobiography-sex-work/ |website=Feminism in India |access-date=30 September 2023 |date=26 October 2020}}</ref> A review of the book appeared in the magazine ''[[Hindoo Patriot]]'' to which the ''[[Indian Mirror]]'' responded with critisism of Devi.<ref name=Banerjee>{{cite journal |last1=Banerjee |first1=Sumanta |title=Marginalization of Women ' s Popular Culture in Nineteenth Century Bengal ' |date=2005 |url=https://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~sj6/Banerjeewomenspopculture.pdf}}</ref>

==Works==
*{{cite book |last1=Debi |first1=Nabinkali |title=Kamini Kalanka Ed. 2nd |date=1886 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.453104|language=Bengali}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Annapurna Devi (writer)

2023-09-30T09:51:10Z

Brandnbb: New article- Indian poet Annapurna Devi, from women in red

{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

{{Under construction}}
'''Annapurna Devi''' (1883- 1948) was an Indian poet from [[Odisha]], India. She authored ''Padyamala'', published in 1904 and 1905, and her collection of poems ''Pakshighara'' was published in 1907. Her work became recognised following her poems dedicated to the newborn of the Queen of [[Paralakhemundi]].<ref name=Rout1972>{{cite book |last1=Rout |first1=Savitri |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |location=Delhi |edition=2nd|isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |pages=44-45 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA44 |language=en |chapter=The modern age}}</ref><ref name=Naik2021>{{cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Raghumani |title=Foremost Women Litterateurs: The Torch Bearers of Freedom Struggle in Odisha |journal=IJCRT |date=9 September 2021 |volume=9 |issue=9 |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2109346.pdf |issn=2320-2882}}</ref>

==Works==
*{{cite book |title=ପଦ୍ୟମାଳା ଭାଗ ୨ |date=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/padyamala-volume-2-1905 |language=Odia}}

==See also==
*[[List of Odia writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Annapurna}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Reba Roy

2023-09-30T09:43:42Z

Brandnbb: New article- Reba Roy, Indian writer and founder of a girls school

{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

{{Under construction}}
'''Reba Roy''' (1876-1957) was an Indian writer of poetry in [[Odia language]], and founder of a high school for girls in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India.<ref name=Naik2021>{{cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Raghumani |title=Foremost Women Litterateurs: The Torch Bearers of Freedom Struggle in Odisha |journal=IJCRT |date=9 September 2021 |volume=9 |issue=9 |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2109346.pdf |issn=2320-2882}}</ref><ref name=Shastry2023>{{cite book |last1=Shastry |first1=Dr V. B. |title=Secondary Education in Modern India (1800 – 2022) |date=2023 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-88883-270-7 |page=93 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ua20EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT93 |language=en |chapter=4. Great exceptions in times of catastrophes (1901-1947)}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Odia writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Krishna Kamini Dasi

2023-09-30T09:40:54Z

Brandnbb: New article- Krishna Kamini Dasi, early Indian writer

{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

{{Under construction}}
'''Krishna Kamini Dasi''' was an Indian writer in [[Bengali language]], who authored ''Chitiyo Bilasini (1956).<ref>{{cite news |last1=রায় |first1=শিশির |title=Book Review: শুধু নারীই কেন প্রেমে কলঙ্কভাগী |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/culture/book-reviews/review-of-a-book-written-by-srimati-krishna-kamini-dasi/cid/1356684 |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=www.anandabazar.com |date=2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929065538/https://www.anandabazar.com/culture/book-reviews/review-of-a-book-written-by-srimati-krishna-kamini-dasi/cid/1356684 |archive-date=29 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee1996">{{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Kaberi |title=Promotion of Female Education in 19th Century Bengal |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1996 |volume=57 |pages=767–769 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44133405?typeAccessWorkflow=login&seq=2 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref name="Biswas2021">{{cite journal |last1=Biswas |first1=Nilendu |title=Literary Practice of Bengali Women during the Colonial Period |journal=International Journal of Research in Social Sciences |date=9 September 2021 |volume=11 |issue=9 |page=44 |url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2021/IJRSS_SEPTEMBER2021/IJRSS4Sep21.pdf |issn=2249-2496}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Kaminisundari Devi

2023-09-30T06:15:33Z

Brandnbb: New article- Kaminisundari Devi, early Indian woman writer

{{Under construction}}
'''Kaminisundari Devi''' was an Indian playwright and author in [[Bengali language]] who wrote ''Urbashi'' in 1856.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deb |first1=Chitra |title=Women of The Tagore Household |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-5214-187-6 |page=47 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvU6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT47 |language=en |chapter=Women of The Tagore Household}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{India-bio-stub}}

[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Sulakshana Devi

2023-09-29T10:19:29Z

Brandnbb: new article - Sulakshana Devi, poet in

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

{{Under construction}}
'''Sulakshana Devi''' (born 1820 or 1829 - 1901) was an Indian poet of [[Odia language]]. After the death of her husband she devoted herself to God and wrote a collection of poems published in a book titled ''Parijatamala''.<ref name=Rout1972>{{cite book |last1=Rout |first1=Savitri |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher |location=Delhi |edition=2nd|isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |page=43 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA43 |language=en |chapter=The modern age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-IbAQAAMAAJ |title=The Journal of Orissan History |date=1995 |publisher=Orissa History Congress |pages=162 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Mohanty2005>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Sachidananda |editor1-last=Mohanty |editor1-first=Sachidananda |title=Early Women's Writings in Orissa, 1898-1950: A Lost Tradition |date=2005 |publisher=SAGE Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=0-7619-3308-5 |page=16 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAicQsB1jkgC&pg=PA16 |language=en |chapter=Introduction: Rabati's sisters}}</ref><ref name=Naik2021>{{cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Raghumani |title=Foremost Women Litterateurs: The Torch Bearers of Freedom Struggle in Odisha |journal=IJCRT |date=9 September 2021 |volume=9 |issue=9 |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2109346.pdf |issn=2320-2882}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Odia writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Sulakshana}}
[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:1901 deaths]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

List of Passalora species

2023-07-16T04:17:13Z

Brandnbb: Created an engaging write-up.

{{citations needed}}
'''''Passalora''''' is a [[genus]] of [[fungi]] in the family [[Mycosphaerellaceae]]. It has about 250 species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/>

==Species==
{{Div col}}
*''[[Passalora abscondita]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora acalyphae]]'' {{small|(Tharp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora acanthicola]]'' {{small|(Hansf.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora acericola]]'' {{small|(X.J.Liu & Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora acori]]'' {{small|(J.M.Yen) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora acosmii]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora acrocomiae]]'' {{small|Guatim. & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora actaeae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora adenocalymmatis]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora adenostemmatis]]'' {{small|(R.K. Verma & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora aenea]]'' {{small|(Cif.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora aesculina]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ageratinae]]'' {{small|Crous & A.R. Wood}}
*''[[Passalora agrostidicola]]'' {{small|Phengs. & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora ahmadii]]'' {{small|(Petr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ahmesii]]'' {{small|(Munt.-Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ajrekarii]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora alni]]'' {{small|(Chupp & H.C. Greene) Deighton}}
*''[[Passalora alocasiae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) Rossman & W.C.Allen}}
*''[[Passalora althaeigena]]'' {{small|(J.M.Yen & S.K. Sun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora amazonica]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora ambrosiae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora amurensis]]'' {{small|(Ziling) H.D.Shin & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora angelicae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora annonacearum]]'' {{small|A.N. Rai & Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora annonigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora anomala]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Halst.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora antigoni]]'' {{small|(M.L.Farr) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora antipus]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora aphelandrae]]'' {{small|R.Kirschner}}
*''[[Passalora aratai]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun, Delhey & Kiehr}}
*''[[Passalora arctostaphyli]]'' {{small|Moreno-Rico & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ariae]]'' {{small|(Fuckel) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora arrabidaeae]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Viégas) Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora arracachae]]'' {{small|(Pat.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora arrectaria]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora arthraxonis]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora artocarpi]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora arunci-dioici]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora asclepiadorae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora aseptata]]'' {{small|R.Singh bis}}
*''[[Passalora asprellae]]'' {{small|(U.Braun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora assamensis]]'' {{small|(S.Chowdhury) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora asteracearum]]'' {{small|Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora asterata]]'' {{small|(G.F.Atk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora astragali]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora atrides]]'' {{small|(Syd.) Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora atropunctata]]'' {{small|(Racib.) U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora atylosiae]]'' {{small|(Raghu Ram & Mallaiah) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora austroplenckiae]]'' {{small|(A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora avicularis]]'' {{small|(G. Winter) Crous, U.Braun & M.J.Morris}}
*''[[Passalora bacilligera]]'' {{small|(Mont. & Fr.) Mont. & Fr.}}
*''[[Passalora backmanii]]'' {{small|(Furlan. & Dianese) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora balansae]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora bambusae]]'' {{small|(Cooke) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora barleriigena]]'' {{small|Meeboon & Hidayat}}
*''[[Passalora barringtoniae-acutangulae]]'' {{small|(Kamal, B.K.Gupta & R.K.Verma) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora barringtoniicola]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora barringtoniigena]]'' {{small|Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora bartholomei]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bastardiae]]'' {{small|(Petr. & Cif.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bataticola]]'' {{small|(Cif. & Bruner) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bauhiniae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bauhiniicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora bauhiniigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora berkheyae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora berkheyae-maritimae]]'' {{small|(Crous & U.Braun) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora bidenticola]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora biformis]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bixae]]'' {{small|Crous & Bench.}}
*''[[Passalora bocconiae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora boldoae]]'' {{small|(N.Pons) U.Braun, Crous & N.Pons}}
*''[[Passalora bolleana]]'' {{small|(Thüm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora bondartsevii]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Melnik}}
*''[[Passalora brachyelytri]]'' {{small|(H.C. Greene) U.Braun & Bensch}}
*''[[Passalora brandenburgeri]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora brasilianensis]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora braunii]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh, Arch. Singh & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora broussonetiae]]'' {{small|(Goh & W.H.Hsieh) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bruchiana]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bryae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora buddlejae]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bunchosiae]]'' {{small|N. Pons, U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora bupleuri]]'' {{small|(Pass.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora buteae]]'' {{small|(Kamal, B.K.Gupta & C.Gupta) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora buteae-parviflorae]]'' {{small|P.Srivast., S.Narayan & Meenu}}
*''[[Passalora caesalpiniae]]'' {{small|(Bhalla, A.K.Sarbhoy, M.Kulshr. & K.P.S.Kushwaha) U.Braun, Dianese & A.Hern.-Gut}}
*''[[Passalora caesalpiniicola]]'' {{small|Sh.Kumar & Raghv.Singh}}
*''[[Passalora caespitosa]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora cajani]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora caladii]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens) U.Braun & Sivap.}}
*''[[Passalora caladiicola]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora calpurniae]]'' {{small|(Petch) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora calystegiae]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora campi-silii]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora campinensis]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Viégas) Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora capsicicola]]'' {{small|(Vassiljevsky) U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora cardiostegiae]]'' {{small|(B.H.Davis) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cardopatii]]'' {{small|(Bremer & Petr.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora carlinae]]'' {{small|(Sacc.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cassiae]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora castellanii]]'' {{small|(Matta & Belliard) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora catalparum]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora catenospora]]'' {{small|(G.F.Atk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora caulophylli]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora cayaponiae]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens & Solheim) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora celtidicola]]'' {{small|(Munt.-Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora centrosematis]]'' {{small|N.Pons, U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cephalanthi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cercidicola]]'' {{small|(Ellis) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora cerradensis]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora chaerophylli]]'' {{small|(Aderh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora chaetocalycina]]'' {{small|(Petr. & Cif.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora chaetomium]]'' {{small|(Cooke) Arx}}
*''[[Passalora chamaecristae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora chamaecristae-orbiculatae]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora chamaecristicola]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora chapadensis]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora chionanthi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora chionea]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora chonemorphae]]'' {{small|(R.C. Rajak & A.K. Pandey) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora choristigmatis]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora christianae]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora chuppii]]'' {{small|(Viégas) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ciferrii]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cimicifugae]]'' {{small|(F.Y. Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li) F.Y. Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li}}
*''[[Passalora citricola]]'' {{small|Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora citrigena]]'' {{small|Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora clavata]]'' {{small|(W.R. Gerard) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora clematidina]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora clematidis]]'' {{small|(R.K. Verma & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora clematidis-gourianae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora clerodendri]]'' {{small|(Goh & W.H.Hsieh) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cnidii]]'' {{small|(Constant.) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora cnidoscolicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora cnidoscolifolii]]'' {{small|(Bat., Peres & O.A.Drumm.) U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora coalescens]]'' {{small|(Davis) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cocculi-trilobi]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora codonopsidis]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora collomiae]]'' {{small|(U.Braun & Rogerson) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora colocasiae]]'' {{small|(Höhn.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora colubrinae]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Viégas) Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora compacta]]'' {{small|(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora compressa]]'' {{small|(Allesch.) Petr.}}
*''[[Passalora concors]]'' {{small|(Casp.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora condensata]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora congoensis]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora consimilis]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora convolvuli]]'' {{small|(Tracy & Earle) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cordiae]]'' {{small|(P.Kumar & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cordobensis]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora cordylines]]'' {{small|(Henn.) Crous & M.P.S.Câmara}}
*''[[Passalora corni]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora cornicola]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora cornifoliae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora costaricensis]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora costi]]'' {{small|(A.K. Singh, Shiv K. Singh & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cotini]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora crotonifolia]]'' {{small|(Cooke) Crous, U.Braun & Alfenas}}
*''[[Passalora crotonis]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora crotonis-gossypiifolii]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Urtiaga}}
*''[[Passalora crotonis-oligandri]]'' {{small|(J.M.Yen & Gilles) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora crotonophila]]'' {{small|(Speg.) Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cucurbiticola]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora curcumae]]'' {{small|Purkay. & Mallik}}
*''[[Passalora curvispora]]'' {{small|(Goh & W.H.Hsieh) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cyathulae]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens & Solheim) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora cyperi]]'' {{small|(D. Gupta, Padhi & Chowdhry) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora dalbergiae]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh & P.N. Singh) U.Braun, Dianese & A.Hern.-Gut.}}
*''[[Passalora dalbergiicola]]'' {{small|(T.S. Ramakr. & K. Ramakr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora davillae]]'' {{small|U.Braun, J.C.David & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora deightonii]]'' {{small|(N.Pons & B.Sutton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora delamonicae]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora delicatissima]]'' {{small|(Kalchbr. & Cooke) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora delphinii]]'' {{small|(F.Y.Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li) F.Y.Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li}}
*''[[Passalora desmanthi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora desmodii]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora destruens]]'' {{small|(F. Anderson, Delhey & U.Braun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora dichanthii-annulati]]'' {{small|(R.K. Chaudhary, S.K.Singh & P.N.Singh) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora dichondrae]]'' {{small|(Crous & U.Braun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora diffusa]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora digitariae]]'' {{small|(Crous & B.Sutton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora diodiae]]'' {{small|(Cooke) Crous, U.Braun & Alfenas}}
*''[[Passalora dioscoreae-nipponicae]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora dioscoreae-subcalvae]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora dioscoreicola]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora dioscoreigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora diospyri]]'' {{small|Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora dipterocarpi]]'' {{small|Phengs., Chukeat., K.D.Hyde & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora dissiliens]]'' {{small|(Duby) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora dodonaeae]]'' {{small|Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora dolichoides]]'' {{small|(N. Srivast., A.K. Srivast. & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora dombeyae]]'' {{small|(Crous & U.Braun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora dubia]]'' {{small|(Riess) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora dulcamarae]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora duplicans]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ecuadoriana]]'' {{small|(Constant.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora effusa]]'' {{small|(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora eitenii]]'' {{small|R.B. Medeiros & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora elaeochroma]]'' {{small|(Sacc.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora elata]]'' {{small|(Sacc.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora emblicae]]'' {{small|Dadwal, S. Bhartiya & R.K.Verma}}
*''[[Passalora emmeorhizae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Urtiaga}}
*''[[Passalora eucalyptorum]]'' {{small|(Crous) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora eugeniae]]'' {{small|Crous}}
*''[[Passalora euodiae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) Goh & W.H.Hsieh}}
*''[[Passalora eupatorii]]'' {{small|(A.K.Das) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora euphorbiae]]'' {{small|(Karak.) Arx}}
*''[[Passalora euphorbiicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora fagarina]]'' {{small|(Chupp) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora ficina]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh & R.K.Chaudhary) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora flemingiae]]'' {{small|(X.J.Liu & Y.L.Guo) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora flexuosa]]'' {{small|(Tracy & Earle) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora foeniculi]]'' {{small|M.Kamal & S.A.Khan}}
*''[[Passalora foveolicola]]'' {{small|(Speg.) K.Schub. & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora fraxini]]'' {{small|(DC.) Arx}}
*''[[Passalora fraxinicola]]'' {{small|(Ershad) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora fujikuroi]]'' {{small|(N. Pons) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora fuliginosa]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora fuscovirens]]'' {{small|(Sacc.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora galactiae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora galii]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) Arx}}
*''[[Passalora gayophyti]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora gentianae]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora geranii]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora gerardiae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Dearn.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora gilbertii]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora gliricidiae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora gliricidiasis]]'' {{small|(Gonz. Frag. & Cif.) R.F. Castañeda & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora gmelinae-arboreae]]'' {{small|(A.K. Sarbhoy, Hosag. & N. Ahmad) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora gmelinicola]]'' {{small|C.Nakash. & Meeboon}}
*''[[Passalora goaensis]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh, Dhanorkar & Waing.) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora gochnatiicola]]'' {{small|O.L.Pereira & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora gomphrenicola]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora gonatoclada]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora gonostegiae]]'' {{small|(Goh & W.H.Hsieh) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora gotoana]]'' {{small|(Togashi) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora granuliformis]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora greciana]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora grewiae]]'' {{small|(H.C. Srivast. & P.R.Mehta) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora grewiigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora guanicensis]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens) U.Braun & R.F.Castañeda}}
*''[[Passalora guaranitica]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora guimaranhesensis]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora guoana]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora guraniae]]'' {{small|R.Kirschner}}
*''[[Passalora gymnocladi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora haldinae]]'' {{small|C.Nakash. & Meeboon}}
*''[[Passalora halesiicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun, D.F.Farr & Minnis}}
*''[[Passalora halstedii]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora hamamelidis]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora hameliae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora hariotii]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora helianthi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora helianthicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora helicteris]]'' {{small|(Soni, Dadwal & Jamaluddin) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora helicteris-viscidae]]'' {{small|Phengs., Chukeat., K.D.Hyde & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora heliotropii]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora heliotropiigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora heterospora]]'' {{small|(Höhn.) Höhn.}}
*''[[Passalora heterosporella]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora holobrunnea]]'' {{small|(J.M.Yen) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora hughesii]]'' {{small|(Munt.-Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora hydrocotyles]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun, Delhey & Kiehr}}
*''[[Passalora hydrophylli]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora hyperici]]'' {{small|(Tehon & E.Y. Daniels) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora hyptidigena]]'' {{small|(Kamal, A.S.Moses & R.Chaudhary) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora hyptidis]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora ibatiae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ilicis]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora imperatae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora incarnata]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora indogangetica]]'' {{small|P.Srivast., S.Narayan & Meenu}}
*''[[Passalora iochromatis]]'' {{small|(Pat.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora iresines]]'' {{small|(Munt.-Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora isolonae]]'' {{small|(Siboe, P.M.Kirk & P.F.Cannon) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora isotomae]]'' {{small|(Cif.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora jacquiniana]]'' {{small|(Thüm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora janseana]]'' {{small|(Racib.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora jatrophigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora josensis]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora koepkei]]'' {{small|(W.Krüger) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora kreiseliana]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lactucae]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lactucicola]]'' {{small|(Y.Cui & Z.Y.Zhang) K.Schub. & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora lantanae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lantaniphila]]'' {{small|(Crous & M.J.Morris) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora lateritia]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Halst.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lathyri-aphacae]]'' {{small|(Lall, H.S.Gill & Munjal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora latispora]]'' {{small|(Petr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora laurina]]'' {{small|(Speg.) R.Kirschner}}
*''[[Passalora laxa]]'' {{small|(Kalchbr. & Cooke) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora leeae]]'' {{small|(Chidd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora legrellei]]'' {{small|(V.G.Rao & B.R.D.Yadav) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora leonotidis]]'' {{small|(Cooke) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lepistemonis]]'' {{small|L.Xia}}
*''[[Passalora leprosa]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora leptadeniae]]'' {{small|(Chidd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lettsomiae]]'' {{small|(Thirum. & Chupp) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora leucaenae]]'' {{small|(Raghu Ram & Mallaiah) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora liabi]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ligustricola]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora liriodendri]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Harkn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora litseae]]'' {{small|(Goh & W.H.Hsieh) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora lobeliae-cardinalis]]'' {{small|(Schwein.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lobeliae-fistulosae]]'' {{small|J.L.Alves & R.W. Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora lomaensis]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lonicerigena]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora loranthincola]]'' {{small|(Petr.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora lueheae]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Viégas) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora lycopersici]]'' {{small|(M.A.Salam & P.N.Rao) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora lygodii]]'' {{small|(Sawada ex Goh & W.H.Hsieh) R.Kirschner}}
*''[[Passalora macarangae]]'' {{small|S.K.Singh, P.N.Singh & P.Mishra}}
*''[[Passalora macfadyenae]]'' {{small|Meir.Silva, O.L.Pereira & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora machaerii]]'' {{small|A.Hern.-Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora macroguttata]]'' {{small|(G.F.Atk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora maculicola]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora magnoliae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Harkn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora majewskii]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora malkoffii]]'' {{small|(Bubák) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora malpighiae]]'' {{small|(U.Braun & Mouch.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora malpighiae-glabrae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora malvacearum]]'' {{small|(B.Rai & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora manaosensis]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora manihotis]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens & Solheim) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora manitobana]]'' {{small|(Davis) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora maritima]]'' {{small|(Tracy & Earle) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora markhamiae]]'' {{small|(X.J.Liu & Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora marmorata]]'' {{small|(Tranzschel) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora marsdeniicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora medicaginis-lupulinae]]'' {{small|(Munjal, Lall & Chona) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora melanochaeta]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora melochiae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Urtiaga}}
*''[[Passalora menispermi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora meridiana]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora merremiae]]'' {{small|(X.J.Liu & Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora merrowii]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora mertensiae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Rogerson}}
*''[[Passalora mikaniae]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens) U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora mikaniigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora miliusae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora mimosae]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens & Dalbey) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora mimosigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora minutissima]]'' {{small|(Desm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora mitracarpi-hirti]]'' {{small|O.L.Pereira & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora mitragynae]]'' {{small|(P.Kumar & Kamal) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora miurae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & H.D.Shin}}
*''[[Passalora momordicae]]'' {{small|(Heald & F.A. Wolf) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora monninae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora monrosii]]'' {{small|(Munt.Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora montana]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora morrisii]]'' {{small|Crous}}
*''[[Passalora mucunae]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Mouch.}}
*''[[Passalora mucunicola]]'' {{small|Crous, U.Braun & Alfenas}}
*''[[Passalora munduleae]]'' {{small|(Sacc., Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora murina]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora musicola]]'' {{small|Sham. Kumar & R.Singh}}
*''[[Passalora myracrodruonis]]'' {{small|(Inácio & Dianese) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora myricae]]'' {{small|Meeboon, Hidayat & C.Nakash.}}
*''[[Passalora nattrassii]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora neonepalensis]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora nepalensis]]'' {{small|Adhikari & V.Manandhar}}
*''[[Passalora neriiindici-]]'' {{small|(Bhalla, S.K.Singh & A.K.Srivast.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora nervisequens]]'' {{small|(J.Kranz) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora nopomingensis]]'' {{small|(B.Sutton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora noveboracensis]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora obesa]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora occidentalis]]'' {{small|(Cooke) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora oculata]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora oenotherae]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora okinawaensis]]'' {{small|(Tak.Kobay. & Nishij.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora oldenlandiae]]'' {{small|(Hansf.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora oleacearum]]'' {{small|(Chidd.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora oleariae]]'' {{small|(B.Sutton & Pascoe) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora omphacodes]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora ougeiniae]]'' {{small|(M.D. Mehrotra & R.K. Verma) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pachycarpi]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora pachypus]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora pallidissima]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora papaveris]]'' {{small|(F.Y. Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li) F.Y.Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li}}
*''[[Passalora papayae]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo) Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora paradoxa]]'' {{small|(Munt.Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora paspalicola]]'' {{small|(Petr. & Cif.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora pastinacae]]'' {{small|(Sacc.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora paulowniicola]]'' {{small|(J.M.Yen & S.K.Sun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pavoniicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora peixotoae]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Viégas) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora peixotoaegoianae]]'' {{small|A.Hern.Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora peixotoaereticulatae]]'' {{small|A.Hern.Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora peltophori]]'' {{small|S.K.Singh, P.N.Singh & P.Mishra}}
*''[[Passalora penicillata]]'' {{small|Ces.}}
*''[[Passalora pergulariae]]'' {{small|(Dublish & P.N.Singh) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora periclymeni]]'' {{small|(G. Winter) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora perideridiae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pfaffiae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora phalaridis]]'' {{small|K.Schub. & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora phellodendricola]]'' {{small|(F.X.Chao & P.K.Chi) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora philadelphi]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pilophila]]'' {{small|(Jacz. ex Vassiljevsky & Karak.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pilosae]]'' {{small|(T.S.Ramakr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora piperis]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pirozynskii]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pithecellobii]]'' {{small|(J.L.Mulder) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pithoragarhensis]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora platensis]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora platyspora]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora plectranthicola]]'' {{small|(Chidd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora plucheae]]'' {{small|(Petr. & Cif.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora poasensis]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora podophylli]]'' {{small|(Tehon & E.Y. Daniels) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora polygalae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & F.O.Freire}}
*''[[Passalora polygonati]]'' {{small|(Rostr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora polygonatimaximowiczii]]'' {{small|Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora polygoni]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora pongamiicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora prenanthis]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pruni]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo & X.J.Liu) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pseudocapnioides]]'' {{small|O.L.Pereira & R.W. Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora psidii]]'' {{small|Bat. & R.Garnier}}
*''[[Passalora psidiicola]]'' {{small|Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora pteleae]]'' {{small|(G. Winter) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora pteridis]]'' {{small|(Siemaszko) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora puerariae]]'' {{small|(D.E. Shaw & Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora puerariigena]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora pulchella]]'' {{small|(T.S.Ramakr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pumila]]'' {{small|(Syd. & P.Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora punctum]]'' {{small|(Delacr.) Arx}}
*''[[Passalora pyricola]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh & R.K.Chaudhary) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pyrigena]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh & R.K.Chaudhary) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pyrophila]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pyrostegiae]]'' {{small|(Viégas) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora pyrrosiae]]'' {{small|(Togashi & Katsuki) C.Nakash. & I. Araki}}
*''[[Passalora qualeae]]'' {{small|Dorn.Silva & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora quercus]]'' {{small|(Chupp) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora rajakii]]'' {{small|(Kamal & S.K.Majumdar) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora ramularioides]]'' {{small|(Sacc. & Fautrey) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora rauvolfiae]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora raveneliae]]'' {{small|(M.D.Mehrotra & R.K.Verma) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora rhamnacearum]]'' {{small|(S.Shrivast., N.Verma & A.N.Rai) Raghv.Singh & Sham. Kumar}}
*''[[Passalora rhoina]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora rhois]]'' {{small|(E.Castell.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora rhoisaromaticae]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora ribisrubri-]]'' {{small|(Săvul. & Sandu) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora rolliniae]]'' {{small|Firmino & O.L.Pereira}}
*''[[Passalora rosae]]'' {{small|(Fuckel) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora rosigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora rottboelliae]]'' {{small|(J.Kranz) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora rubella]]'' {{small|(Cooke) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora rubida]]'' {{small|Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora rufidula]]'' {{small|(Petr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora salicis]]'' {{small|(Deighton, R.A.B.Verma & S.S.Prasad) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora saniculae]]'' {{small|(Davis) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora sauropodis]]'' {{small|(P.K.Chi & S.Q.Chen) Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora saururi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora sawadae]]'' {{small|(S.C.Jong & E.F.Morris) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora scandicearum]]'' {{small|(Magnus) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora schefflerae]]'' {{small|A.Hern.Gut. & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora schisandrae]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora securidacae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora selinigmelini-]]'' {{small|(Sacc. & Scalia) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora senecionicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Delhey}}
*''[[Passalora sequoiae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) Y.L.Guo & W.H.Hsieh}}
*''[[Passalora serpentariae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora sesbaniae]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora sidaecordifoliae]]'' {{small|Crous, U.Braun & Alfenas}}
*''[[Passalora sidaemysorensis]]'' {{small|Meeboon & Hidayat}}
*''[[Passalora sidarum]]'' {{small|(Petr. & Cif.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora sidigena]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Urtiaga}}
*''[[Passalora sii]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora simulans]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Kellerm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora simulata]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora solanacearum]]'' {{small|(Bhalla, S.K.Singh & A.K.Srivast.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora solani]]'' {{small|(Seaver) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora solanitorvi-]]'' {{small|(Gonz. Frag. & Cif.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora solaniverbascifolii]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora solaniphila]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Urtiaga}}
*''[[Passalora spegazzinii]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora squalidula]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora stemodiae]]'' {{small|(Syd.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora stephaniae]]'' {{small|Goh & W.H.Hsieh}}
*''[[Passalora sterculiacearum]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora stigmaphylli]]'' {{small|(R.E.D.Baker & W.T.Dale) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora stigmaphyllicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Urtiaga}}
*''[[Passalora streptopi]]'' {{small|(Dearn. & Barthol.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora stromatica]]'' {{small|A.F.Fern. & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora stylosanthis]]'' {{small|(Speg.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora styracis]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora subhyalina]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh & P.N.Singh) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora sublateritia]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora sudanensis]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora sweetiae]]'' {{small|K.Schub. & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora symphoricarpi]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora syzygii]]'' {{small|(M.Mandal) B.Sutton & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tabebuiae]]'' {{small|(J.J.Muchovej & F.A.Ferreira) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tabebuiaeochraceae]]'' {{small|Inácio & Dianese}}
*''[[Passalora taihokuensis]]'' {{small|(Sawada ex Goh & W.H.Hsieh) Y.L.Guo & W.H.Hsieh}}
*''[[Passalora tamala]]'' {{small|P.Srivast., S.Narayan & Meenu}}
*''[[Passalora tarrii]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tecomariae]]'' {{small|Crous & B.Sutton}}
*''[[Passalora telaria]]'' {{small|(Munt.Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tephrosiae]]'' {{small|S.A.Khan & M.Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora tephrosiaepurpureae]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora tephrosiicola]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh, Bhalla & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora terrestris]]'' {{small|(K.J.Srivast. & P.C.Misra) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora teucrii]]'' {{small|(Schwein.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora thalictri]]'' {{small|(Thüm.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora thalictrina]]'' {{small|(Karak.) U.Braun & Melnik}}
*''[[Passalora tibouchinae]]'' {{small|Parreira & O.L.Pereira}}
*''[[Passalora tiliae]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo & X.J.Liu) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tinosporae]]'' {{small|(A.K.Kar & J.B.Ray) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora tithoniae]]'' {{small|(R.E.D.Baker & W.T.Dale) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora togashiana]]'' {{small|(Katsuki & Urasawa) C.Nakash.}}
*''[[Passalora tomentosae]]'' {{small|(Hansf.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tranzschelii]]'' {{small|(Vassiljevsky) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora trematis]]'' {{small|(F.Stevens & Solheim) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora trichophila]]'' {{small|Raghv.Singh}}
*''[[Passalora trichostemmatis]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora trifidae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora trigonellae]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh, Arch. Singh & Kamal) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora triostei]]'' {{small|(Chupp & H.C.Greene) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora triseptispora]]'' {{small|(J.M.Yen) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora triumfettae]]'' {{small|(Deighton) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tungurahuensis]]'' {{small|(Petr.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora turbinae]]'' {{small|(Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora tylophorae]]'' {{small|(Hansf.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ubatubensis]]'' {{small|(Chupp & Viégas) Crous, Alfenas & R.W.Barreto}}
*''[[Passalora umbrata]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Holw.) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora urostigmatis]]'' {{small|(Henn.) Crous & M.P.S.Câmara}}
*''[[Passalora uttarkashiensis]]'' {{small|(Kamal, B.K.Gupta & C.Gupta) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora vaginae]]'' {{small|(W.Krüger) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora valerianae]]'' {{small|(U.Braun) U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora valerianicola]]'' {{small|(H.D.Shin & U.Braun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora vanderystii]]'' {{small|(Henn.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora venturioides]]'' {{small|(Peck) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora verbeniphila]]'' {{small|(Speg.) Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora verbesinae]]'' {{small|(Munt.Cvetk.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora verniciae]]'' {{small|Crous, U.Braun & Alfenas}}
*''[[Passalora vexans]]'' {{small|(C.Massal.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora viburni]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora viburnisargentii]]'' {{small|Y.L.Guo}}
*''[[Passalora vicosae]]'' {{small|Crous, Alfenas & R.W. Barreto ex Crous & U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora vincetoxicihirsuti]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora vitis]]'' {{small|(M.S.Patil & Sawant) Poonam Srivast.}}
*''[[Passalora vitispiadezkii]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora vitisripariae-]]'' {{small|(U.Braun) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora voandzeiae]]'' {{small|(Bouriquet) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora wangii]]'' {{small|(F.Y.Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li) F.Y.Zhai, Y.L.Guo & Yu Li}}
*''[[Passalora weigelae]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo & X.J.Liu) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora weigelicola]]'' {{small|(U.Braun & H.D.Shin) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora winteriana]]'' {{small|U.Braun}}
*''[[Passalora xenogrewiae]]'' {{small|(S.K.Singh & P.N.Singh) Kamal}}
*''[[Passalora xylopiae]]'' {{small|(Viégas & Chupp) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora yuccaegloriosae]]'' {{small|Crous, U.Braun & Alfenas}}
*''[[Passalora zanthoxyli]]'' {{small|(Y.L.Guo & Z.M.Cao) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ziziae]]'' {{small|(Ellis & Everh.) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ziziphi]]'' {{small|(S.S.Prasad & R.A.B.Verma) U.Braun & Crous}}
*''[[Passalora ziziphicola]]'' {{small|U.Braun & Crous}}
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3897218}}

[[Category:Capnodiales]]
[[Category:Lists of fungal species]]

List of Presidents of India

2023-04-23T21:01:04Z

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#REDIRECT [[List of presidents of India]]

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Channel 10 (India)

2023-04-09T09:12:29Z

Brandnbb: Created an informative work.

#REDIRECT [[Channel 10 (Indian TV channel)]]

{{R from move}}

Cortes Generales

2022-04-12T19:19:30Z

Brandnbb: Added content creation.

{{short description|Legislature of Spain}}
{{distinguish|Cortes Españolas|Cortes Gerais}}
{{EngvarB}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox legislature
| background_color = #900000
| name = General Courts
| native_name = {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}
| legislature = [[14th Cortes Generales]]
| transcription_name =
| coa-pic =
| coa_res = 100px
| house_type = Bicameral
| houses = [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] [[Congress of Deputies]]
| leader1_type = [[President of the Spanish Senate|President of the Senate]]
| leader1 = [[Ander Gil]]
| party1 = ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]])
| election1 = 12 July 2021
| leader2_type = [[President of the Congress of Deputies]]
| leader2 = [[Meritxell Batet|Meritxell Batet Lamaña]]
| party2 = ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]])
| election2 = 21 May 2019
| members = '''615''' 265 [[Senate of Spain|senators]] 350 [[Congress of Deputies|deputies]]
| structure1 = Senado de España - XIV legislatura.svg
| structure1_res = 280px
| structure2 = File:Congreso de los Diputados de la XIV legislatura de España.svg
| structure2_res = 230px
| house1 = [[Senate of Spain|Senate]]
| house2 = [[Congress of Deputies]]
| political_groups1 =
'''[[Sánchez II Government|Government]] (113)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}} [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] (113)
'''Supported by (35)'''
*{{Color box|#FFB232}} ERC–EH Bildu group (16){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}} [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] (14)
*{{Color box|{{party color|EH Bildu}}}} [[EH Bildu]] (2)}}
*{{Color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}}} [[Basque Nationalist Party|PNV]] (10)
*{{Color box|#672F6C}} Confederal Left group (5){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}}} [[Gomera Socialist Group|ASG]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}}} [[Coalició Compromís|Compromís]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Geroa Bai}}}} [[Geroa Bai|GBai]] (1)
*{{color box|{{party color|Más Madrid}}}} [[Más Madrid|MM]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Més per Mallorca}}}} [[Més per Mallorca|Més]] (1)}}
*{{Color box|#FF00C8}} Democratic group (3){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Teruel Existe}}}} [[Teruel Existe|TE]] (2)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}}} [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria|PRC]] (1)}}
*{{Color box|#000000}} Mixed group (1){{efn|
*{{color box|{{party color|Aragonese Party}}}} [[Aragonese Party|PAR]] (1)}}
'''[[Opposition (parliamentary)|Opposition]] (117)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}}} [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] (104)
*{{Color box|#00AA8C}} Nationalist group (6){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}}} [[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]] (5)
*{{color box|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}}} [[Canarian Coalition|CC]] (1)}}
*{{Color box|#FF00C8}} Democratic group (1){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}}} [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Cs]] (1)}}
*{{Color box|#000000}} Mixed group (6){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}}} [[Vox (political party)|Vox]] (3)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}}} [[Navarrese People's Union|UPN]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (2)}}
| political_groups2 =
'''[[Sánchez II Government|Government]] (153)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}} [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] (120)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Unidos Podemos}}}} [[Unidas Podemos|UP]] (33){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party, 2022)}}}} [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]] (22)
*{{Color box|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}}} [[United Left (Spain)|IU]] (6)
*{{Color box|{{party color|En Comú Podem}}}} [[En Comú Podem|ECP]] (3)
*{{Color box|#6db152}} [[Green Left (Catalonia)|EV]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Green Alliance (Spain)}}}} [[Green Alliance (Spain)|AV]] (1)}}
'''[[Confidence and supply|Supported by]] (33)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}} [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]] (13){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}} [[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]] (12)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Sobiranistes}}}} [[Sobiranistes]] (1)}}
*{{Color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}}} [[Basque Nationalist Party|PNV]] (6)
*{{Color box|{{party color|EH Bildu}}}} [[EH Bildu]] (5)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} Plural group (10){{efn|
*{{Color box|{{party color|Catalan European Democratic Party}}}} [[Catalan European Democratic Party|PDeCAT]] (4)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Más País}}}} [[Más País|MP]] (2)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Més Compromís}}}} [[Més Compromís|MC]] (1)
*{{color box|{{party color|New Canaries}}}} [[New Canaries|NCa]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Teruel Existe}}}} [[Teruel Existe|TE]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}}} [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria|PRC]] (1)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/politica/20200113/prc-psoe-cierran-crisis-revilla-presupuestos-sanchez/459455111_0.html|title=El PRC y el PSOE cierran su crisis a cambio del apoyo de Revilla a los Presupuestos de Sánchez|work=[[El Español]]|language=es|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>}}
'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (163)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}}} [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]] (88)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}}} [[Vox (political party)|Vox]] (52)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}}} [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Cs]] (9)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} Mixed group (14){{efn|
*{{color box|{{party color|Popular Unity Candidacy}}}} [[Popular Unity Candidacy|CUP]] (2)
*{{color box|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}}} [[Canarian Coalition|CCa]] (2)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Asturias Forum}}}} [[Asturias Forum|FAC]] (1)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (4)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}}} [[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]] (4)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}}} [[Galician Nationalist Bloc|BNG]] (1)}}
'''Vacant (1)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Vacant}}}} Vacant (1){{efn|Alberto Rodríguez (Podemos) was expelled. No other Podemos candidate took his seat [[Abstentionism|in protest]].}}
| first_election1 = [[1977 Spanish general election|15 June 1977]]
| first_election2 = [[1810 Spanish general election|January–September 1810]]
| last_election1 = [[November 2019 Spanish general election|10 November 2019]]
| last_election2 = [[November 2019 Spanish general election|10 November 2019]]
| next_election1 = [[Next Spanish general election|23 July 2023]]
| next_election2 = [[Next Spanish general election|23 July 2023]]
| session_room = Senado fachada Madrid.jpg
| session_res = 200px
| meeting_place = '''Senate''' [[Palacio del Senado, Madrid|Palacio del Senado]] Plaza de la Marina Española [[Centro (Madrid)|Centro]], [[Madrid]]
| session_room2 = Congreso de los Diputados (España) 17.jpg
| session_res2 = 200px
| meeting_place2 ='''Congress of Deputies''' [[Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid|Palacio de las Cortes]] Carrera de San Jerónimo [[Centro (Madrid)|Centro]], [[Madrid]]
| website = {{url|cortesgenerales.es}}
}}

The '''{{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}''' ({{IPA-es|ˈkoɾtes xeneˈɾales}}; {{lang-en|Spanish Parliament|lit=General Courts}}) are the [[bicameral]] [[legislative chamber]]s of [[Spain]], consisting of the [[Congress of Deputies]] (the [[lower house]]), and the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] (the [[upper house]]).

The Congress of Deputies meets in the [[Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid|Palacio de las Cortes]]. The Senate meets in the [[Palacio del Senado]]. Both are in [[Madrid]]. The Cortes are elected through universal, free, equal, direct and secret [[suffrage]],<ref>{{cite constitution |article=68.1 and 69.1|clause= |section= |polity=Spain}}</ref> with the exception of some senatorial seats, which are elected indirectly by the legislatures of the [[autonomous community|autonomous communities]]. The {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} are composed of 615 members: 350 Deputies and 265 Senators.

The members of the {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} serve four-year terms, and they are representatives of the Spanish people.<ref>{{cite constitution |article=66 |clause= |section= |polity=Spain}}</ref> In both chambers, the seats are divided by constituencies that correspond with the [[provinces of Spain|fifty provinces]] of Spain, plus [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]]. However, the [[Canary Islands|Canary]] and [[Balearic Islands|Balearic]] islands form different constituencies in the Senate.

As a [[parliamentary system]], the Cortes confirm and dismiss the [[Prime Minister of Spain]] and his or her [[government of Spain|government]]; specifically, the candidate for Prime Minister has to be invested by the Congress with a majority of affirmative votes. The Congress can also dismiss the Prime Minister through a [[vote of no confidence]]. The Cortes also hold the power to enact a constitutional reform.

The modern {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were created by the 1978 [[Constitution of Spain]], but the institution has a long history.

{{anchor|History of the Spanish legislature}}

==History==
{{More citations needed section}}

===Visigothic Kingdom===
{{further|Tribal council (Germanic)|Visigothic Code|Councils of Toledo}}
The [[tribal council (Germanic)|tribal councils]] organized under [[Germanic law]] in the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] had the power of appointing and confirming kings, as well as passing laws and judgment. The [[Visigothic Code]] compiled under [[King of the Visigoths|kings]] [[Chindasuinth]] and [[Recceswinth]] in the mid-7th century placed the kings, [[Visigoths]], and [[Romano-Spanish|native Spanish]] under a [[Visigothic law|single law]] and formed the basis of [[Spanish law]] through the medieval period. The Visigothic councils, however, gradually came to be completely dominated by [[Catholic Church in Spain|the clergy]] under the leadership of the [[archbishop of Toledo|archbishop]] of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]; with ecclesiastical prerogatives completely secure, they then tended to allow royal edicts to come into effect without further ratification.<ref>{{citation |editor-last=Scott |editor-first=Samuel Parsons |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924072483419/page/n3/mode/2up |title=The Visigothic Code (Forum Judicum) |publisher=Boston Book Co. |location=Boston, MA |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924072483419/page/n11/mode/2up ix–xxi]}}</ref>

===High Middle Ages (8th–12th centuries)===
[[File:20060626-León San Isidoro.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Saint Isidoro Basilica]], where the [[1188 Cortes of León]] was held]]
{{further|Spain in the Middle Ages}}
The [[curia regis|royal council]]s ({{lang-la|curia regis}}) of the [[Iberian peninsula]]'s various kingdoms came to be known as {{lang|es|cortes}} ([[Castilian Spanish]]) or {{lang|ca-valencia|corts}} ([[Valencian Spanish]]). They began as advisory councils made up of the most powerful [[Spanish nobility|nobles]] and the [[feudal lord]]s closest to the king. General councils were convened in 873, 1020, 1050, and 1063. The [[1188 Cortes of León|1188 Cortes]] of [[Kingdom of León|León]] convened by [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]] is sometimes taken to mark the beginning of [[parliament|parliamentary bodies]] in [[Western Europe]]<ref>{{citation |last=Keane |first=John |title=The Life and Death of Democracy |location=London |publisher=Simon & Schuster}}.</ref>{{page?}} because it provided was the first to provide formal national representation of the free urban citizens alongside the clergy and hereditary nobility. Subsequently, larger and more inclusive Cortes occurred in the [[Principality of Catalonia]] in 1192, the [[Kingdom of Portugal]] in 1211, the [[Kingdom of Castile]] in 1250, the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] in 1274, the [[Kingdom of Valencia]] in 1283, and [[Kingdom of Navarre]] in 1300. The Leonese and Castilian Corteses were merged in 1258, after which it provided representation to Burgos, Toledo, León, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, Zamora, Segovia, Ávila, Salamanca, Cuenca, Toro, Valladolid, Soria, Madrid, Guadalajara, and (after 1492) Granada.

===Rise of the bourgeoisie (12th–15th centuries)===
[[File:María de Molina presenta a su hijo a las Cortes de Valladolid 1863 Antonio Gisbert Pérez.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[María de Molina|Queen Maria de Molina]] presents her son [[Ferdinand IV of Castile|Ferdinand IV]] to the 1295 Cortes of [[Valladolid]].]]
{{further|Reconquista}}
During the [[Reconquista]], the growth of trade and an urbanized middle class ({{lang-es|burguesía}}) expanded their importance at the various corteses.{{fact}} The king retained the ability to call and dismiss the Cortes but tended to exchange {{lang|es|[[fuero]]s}}, further grants of privileges and autonomy, to the residents of certain cities in exchange for lump sum payments to meet military and other obligations.{{fact}} (Modern [[Navarre]] preserves certain rights and privileges{{which?}} in its current [[statute of autonomy]] directly derived from these fueros.){{fact}} In some cases, the Cortes was able to independently select agents to act as permanent advisors to the king between its sessions.{{fact}}

===Habsburg rule (16th–17th centuries)===
[[File:Philip II's realms in 1598.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of the [[Iberian Union]] under [[Philip II of Spain|Philip{{nbsp}}II]] in 1598, with the purviews of the empire's various corteses.
{{legend|#008000|Territory under the [[Council of Castile]]}}
{{legend|#f5ab12|Territory under the [[Council of Aragon]]}}
{{legend|#0000ff|Territory under the [[Council of Portugal]]}}
{{legend|#800000|Territory under the [[Council of Italy]]}}
{{legend|#ff0000|Territory under the [[Council of the Indies]]}}
{{legend|#d87ada|Territory under the [[Supreme Council of Flanders|Council of Flanders]]}}]]
[[Image:Cortes Catalanas.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A meeting of the [[Catalan Courts]] in the 15th century]]
{{further|Habsburg Spain|Revolt of the Comuneros|Spanish Empire|Siglo de Oro}}
Beginning with the [[Catholic Monarchs]] [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]], monarchs' control over Spain's various kingdoms in [[personal union]] allowed them to curtail the power of the [[grandee]]s and burghers. Queen Isabella initially had difficulty in securing funding for the [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|voyages]] of [[Christopher Columbus]] in the 1490s but her grandson the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] [[Holy Roman Emperor|emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] (Charles I of Spain) was able to easily provide for [[Ferdinand Magellan]]'s [[Magellan's Expedition|1519 expedition]] and then to pointedly [[Treaty of Zaragosa|sell away all of Spain's rights]] to the [[Spice Islands]] (now [[Indonesia]]'s [[Maluku Islands|Malukus]]) without any consultation with the Toledo Cortes in 1529. The 1520 [[Revolt of the Comuneros]] had intended to reverse this trend and provide a stronger role for the Cortes but was crushed by the [[Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Duke of Frías|Constable]]'s royalist forces at the 1521 [[Battle of Villalar]] and then brutally suppressed.

Reorganized, the corteses retained some power over the realm's finances{{mdash}}particularly in [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]]{{mdash}}but became limited to a consultative entity. By the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], the delegates of the Cortes of Castile were financially dependent on the Crown for their income.<ref>{{citation |last=Haliczer |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Haliczer |title=The Comuneros of Castile: The Forging of a Revolution, 1475–1521 |year=1981 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |location=Madison, Wisconsin |page=227 |isbn=0-299-08500-7 |ref=Hal81}}</ref> The Imperial Cortes and its deputation ({{lang-es|Diputación General de Cortes}}) primarily concerned themselves with overseeing previous agreements and the collection of taxes in Castile and the larger empire; separate deputations oversaw similar work in Aragon and Navarre.<ref>{{citation |last=García de Cortázar |first=J.A. |title=Historia de España |lang=es |publisher=Alfaguara |year=1978 |isbn=8420620408 |page=306}}.</ref>

The corteses were able to regain some of their previous powers and influence during the 17th century, as repeated [[sovereign default]]s reduced the monarchy to financial dependency and a series of deputies including the [[Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares|Count-Duke of Olivares]] oversaw most day-to-day government. Under the young and chronically ill [[Charles II of Spain|Charles{{nbsp}}II]], the Cortes of Castile was responsible for naming his mother [[Mariana of Austria|Mariana]] regent.

===Bourbon rule (18th–19th centuries)===
{{further|War of Spanish Succession|Bourbon Spain|Bourbon Reforms}}
During the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] king [[Philip V of Spain|Philip{{nbsp}}V]] suppressed the corteses of Aragon and Valencia in 1707 and those of Catalonia and the [[Balearic Islands]] in 1714. Following the [[Peace of Utrecht]], the 1716 [[Nueva Planta Decrees]] fully abolished the autonomy of the [[Crown of Aragon]]. Philip also acted to repeal or curtail most of the diverse grants of autonomy and privilege ({{lang|es|fueros}}) throughout his kingdom. [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] was finally merged during the [[1833 territorial division of Spain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=García de Cortázar y Ruiz de Aguirre|first=José Angel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3315063|title=La época medieval|publisher=Alfaguara|year=1976|isbn=84-206-2040-8|edition=3|location=Madrid|pages=250|oclc=3315063}}</ref>

===Napoleonic Spain and the Three Liberal Years===
{{further|Peninsular War|Napoleonic Spain|Cortes of Cádiz|Trienio Liberal}}
[[File:El juramento de las Cortes de Cádiz en 1810.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jurement of the [[Cortes of Cádiz]]]]
With both the Bourbon monarchs [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]] and [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] having abdicated their throne and [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] having appointed his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph]] as the new king, a "[[Cortes of Cádiz]]" was convened that claimed sovereignty over Spain and operated as a [[government-in-exile]]. The Cortes was the first to act as a single representative body for the entire country and empire, although substitutes had to be chosen from among the people of [[Cádiz]] for many regions occupied by the French and unable to send their own delegates. Extremely liberal, the [[Spanish Constitution of 1812|Constitution of 1812]] enacted by the Cortes was immediately set aside by Ferdinand upon his restoration in 1814. His conservative policies led to a series of military coups that culminated in [[Rafael del Riego|Col.{{nbsp}}Rafael del Riego]] forcing him to accept a more liberal constitution from 1820{{ndash}}1823, the [[Trienio Liberal]] ("Three Liberal Years"). Ferdinand vetoed nearly every law passed during the period and repeatedly asked other nations to invade and restore him to his previous authority. Finally, [[The Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis|a French invasion]] crushed the National Militia and restored absolutist rule in Spain. During the subsequent reaction, many liberals were forced into exile, many{{mdash}}ironically{{mdash}}ending up in France, but generally Ferdinand VII was less strident in his policies through the remainder of his reign.

===First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)===
{{main|First Spanish Republic}}
When the monarchy was overthrown in 1873, the king was forced into exile. The [[Spanish Senate|Senate]] was abolished because of its royally appointed nature. A republic was proclaimed and the [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress of Deputies]] members started writing a Constitution, supposedly that of a [[federal republic]], with the power of Parliament being nearly supreme (see [[parliamentary supremacy]], although Spain did not use the [[Westminster system]]). However, due to numerous issues, Spain was not ready to become a republic; after several crises the government collapsed, and the monarchy was restored in 1874.

===Restoration (1874–1930)===
The regime just after the First Republic is called the [[Restoration (Spain)|Bourbon Restoration]]. It was formally a [[constitutional monarchy]], with the monarch as a [[rubberstamp (politics)|rubberstamp]] to the Cortes' acts but with some reserve powers, such as appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister and appointing senators for the new [[Spanish Senate|Senate]], remade as an elected House. In practice there was an artificial two-party system called ''[[Turno|El Turno Pacífico]]'' (peaceful rotation) in which elections were informally fixed so the Conservatives and Liberals would have alternating periods as the majority in the Cortes, with other parties restricted to a smaller number of seats.

Soon after the [[October Revolution|Soviet revolution]] (1917), the Spanish political parties started polarizing, and the left-wing [[Communist Party of Spain (main)|Communist Party]] (PCE) and [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) blamed the Government for supposed election fraud in small towns (''[[caciquismo]]''), which was incorrectly supposed to have been wiped out in the 1900s by the failed ''regenerationist'' movement. In the meantime, spiralling violence started with the murders of many leaders by both sides. Deprived of those leaders, the regime entered a general crisis, with extreme police measures which led to a dictatorship (1921–1930) during which the Senate was again abolished.

===Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)===
{{Main|Cortes republicanas}}
The dictatorship, now ruled by Admiral [[Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas|Aznar-Cabañas]], called for local elections. The results were overwhelmingly favorable to the monarchist cause nationally, but most provincial capitals and other sizable cities sided heavily with the republicans. This was interpreted as a victory, as the rural results were under the always-present suspicion of ''caciquismo'' and other irregularities while the urban results were harder to influence. The King left Spain, and a Republic was declared on April 14, 1931.

The Second Spanish Republic was established as a [[presidential republic]], with a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] Parliament and a President of the Republic as the [[Head of State]]. Among his powers were the appointment and dismissal of the [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]], either on the advice of Parliament or just having consulted it before, and a limited power to dissolve the Parliament and call for new elections.

The first term was the constituent term charged with creating the new [[Spanish Constitution of 1931|Constitution]], with the ex-monarchist leader [[Niceto Alcalá Zamora]] as President of the Republic and the left-wing leader [[Manuel Azaña]] as Prime Minister. The [[1931 Spanish general election|election]] gave a majority in the [[Cortes republicanas|Cortes]] and thus, the Government, to a coalition between Azaña's [[Republican Action (Spain)|party]] and the PSOE. A remarkable deed is [[universal suffrage]], allowing women to vote, a provision highly criticized by Socialist leader [[Indalecio Prieto]], who said the Republic had been backstabbed. Also, for the second time in Spanish history, some regions were granted autonomous governments within the unitary state. Many on the extreme right rose up with General [[José Sanjurjo]] in 1932 against the Government's social policies, but the coup was quickly defeated.

The elections for the second term [[1933 Spanish general election|were held in 1933]] and won by the coalition between the Radical Party ([[Liberalism|center]]) and the [[Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas]] (CEDA) ([[Conservatism|right]]). Initially, only the Radical Party entered the Government, with the parliamentary support of the CEDA. However, in the middle of the term, several corruption scandals (among them the [[Straperlo]] affair) sank the Radical Party and the CEDA entered the Government in 1934. This led to uprisings by some leftist parties that were quickly suffocated. In one of them, the left wing government of Catalonia, which had been granted home rule, formally rebelled against the central government, denying its power. This provoked the dissolution of the [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] and the imprisonment of their leaders. The leftist minority in the Cortes then pressed Alcalá Zamora for a dissolution, arguing that the uprising were the consequence of social rejection of the right-wing government. The President, a former monarchist Minister wary of the authoritarism of the right, dissolved Parliament.

The [[1936 Spanish general election|next election]] was held in 1936. It was hotly contested, with all parties converging into three coalitions: the leftist [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]], the right-winged {{illm|National Front (Spain, 1936)|lt=National Front|es|Frente Nacional Contrarrevolucionario}} and a Centre coalition. In the end, the Popular Front won with a small edge in votes over the runner-up National Front, but achieved a solid majority due to the new electoral system introduced by the CEDA government hoping that ''they'' would get the edge in votes. The new Parliament then dismissed Alcalá-Zamora and installed [[Manuel Azaña]] in his place. During the third term, the extreme polarisation of the Spanish society was more evident than ever in Parliament, with confrontation reaching the level of death threats. The already bad political and social climate created by the long-term left-right confrontation worsened, and many right-wing rebellions were started. Then, in 1936, the Army's failed coup degenerated into the [[Spanish Civil War]], putting an end to the Second Republic.

From November 1936 to October 1937, the Cortes were held at [[Valencia City Hall]], which was still being used for its local purposes at the same time. The building was a target for the [[Italian Air Force]] in service of the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist faction]], resulting in a bombing in May 1937.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cuando el Ayuntamiento de Valencia fue bombardeado|trans-title=When Valencia City Hall was bombed|url=https://elpais.com/ccaa/2017/05/30/valencia/1496140159_948812.html |access-date=12 October 2022 |work=[[El País]] |language=Spanish}}</ref>

===Francoist Spain (1943–1977)===
{{main|Cortes Españolas}}
[[Francisco Franco]] did not prioritize the creation of a consultative or legislative type of assembly [[Francoist Spain|during his rule]].{{sfn|Giménez Martínez|2015|pp=71–72}} In 1942, following the first symptoms of change in the international panorama in favour of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied Powers]], a law established the Cortes Españolas (Spanish Cortes), a non-democratic chamber made up of more than 400 ''procuradores'' (singular ''procurador''). Both the Cortes' founding law and the subsequent regulations were based on the principles of rejection of parliamentarism and political pluralism.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230894183.pdf|title=Las Cortes de Franco o el Parlamento imposible|first=Miguel Ángel|last=Giménez Martínez|journal=Trocadero: Revista de historia moderna y contemporánea|issn=0214-4212|issue=27|year=2015|pages=73}}</ref> Members of the Cortes were not elected and exercised only symbolic power. It had no power over government spending, and the cabinet, appointed and dismissed by Franco alone, retained real legislative authority. In 1967, with the enaction of the [[Organic Law of the State]], the accommodation of "two family representatives per province, elected by those on the electoral roll of [[patriarchy|family heads]] and married women" (the so-called ''tercio familiar'') ensued, opening a fraction of the Cortes' composition to some mechanisms of individual participation.{{sfn|Giménez Martínez|2015|p=75}}

==Cortes Generales under the Constitution of 1978==
[[File:The state visit of Reuven Rivlin to Spain, November 2017 (9872).jpg|thumb|The [[President of Israel]] [[Reuven Rivlin]] addresses the {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} during his state visit to [[Madrid]] in November 2017]]
[[File:Dmitry Medvedev in Spain 3 March 2009-2.jpg|thumb|[[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Dmitry Medvedev]] signs the Book of Distinguished Guests at the {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} in [[Madrid]] on 3 March 2009]]
The Cortes are a bicameral parliament composed of a lower house ([[Congreso de los Diputados]], ''congress of deputies'') and an upper house ([[Senado]], ''senate''). Although they share legislative power, the Congress holds the power to ultimately override any decision of the Senate by a sufficient majority (usually an [[absolute majority]] or [[supermajority|three-fifths majority]]).

The Congress is composed of 350 deputies (but that figure may change in the future as the constitution establishes a maximum of 400 and a minimum of 300) directly elected by universal suffrage approximately every four years.

The Senate is partly directly elected in that four senators per province are elected as a general rule and partly appointed by the legislative assemblies of the [[Autonomous Communities of Spain|autonomous communities]], one for each community and another one for every million inhabitants in their territory. Although the Senate was conceived as a territorial upper house, it has been argued by nationalist parties and the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] that it does not accomplish such a task because 208 out of 265 members of the Senate are elected by popular vote in each province, and only 58 are representatives appointed by the regional legislatures of autonomous communities. Proposals to reform the Senate have been discussed for at least ten years as of November 2007. One of the main themes of reform is to move towards a higher level of [[federalization]] and make the Senate a thorough representation of autonomous communities instead of the current system, which tries to incorporate the interests of province and autonomous communities at the same time.

==Joint Committees==
{| class="wikitable"
! Committee
! Office
! Chair(s)
! Term
! Refs
|-
! Relations with the [[Court of Auditors (Spain)|Court of Auditors]]
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #FFB6B6;" |Santos Cerdán León ([[PSOE]])
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta para las Relaciones con el Tribunal de Cuentas|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=317|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911014236/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=317 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Joint Congress-Senate Committee for the European Union|European Union]]
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #FFB6B6;" |[[Susana Sumelzo|Susana Sumelzo Jordán]] (PSOE)
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta para la Unión Europea|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=318|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2019|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911013833/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=318 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
!Relations with the [[Spanish Ombudsman|Ombudsman]]
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #B0CEFF;" |[[Vicente Tirado Ochoa]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta de Relaciones con el Defensor del Pueblo|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=316|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911013827/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=316 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
! Parliamentary Control of [[RTVE]]'s Board and its Partnerships
|style="text-align:center;" |senator
! style="background: #FFB6B6;" |[[Antonio José Cosculluela Bergua]] (PSOE)
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta de Control Parlamentario de la Corporación RTVE y sus Sociedades|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=358|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911013835/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=358 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
![[Joint Congress-Senate Committee on National Security|National Security]]
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #B0CEFF;" |[[Carlos Aragonés Mendiguchía]] (PP)
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta de Seguridad Nacional|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=319|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911013827/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=319 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
! Study of Addictions' Issues
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #FCC468;" |[[Xavier Eritja|Francesc Xavier Eritja Ciuró]] ([[Republican Left of Catalonia|ERC]])
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta para el Estudio de los Problemas de las Adicciones|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=322|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911013830/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=322 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Coordination and Monitoring of the Spanish Strategy to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals ('''[[Sustainable Development Goals|SDGs]])'''
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #C99BC6;" |[[Joan Mena Arca]] ([[En Comú Podem|ECP]])
|style="text-align:center;" |2020
! rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current membership of Comisión Mixta para la Coordinación y Seguimiento de la Estrategia Española para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS)|url=https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=315|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Congreso de los Diputados|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911013830/https://www.congreso.es/en/organos/composicion-en-la-legislatura?p_p_id=organos&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_organos_selectedLegislatura=XIV&_organos_selectedOrganoSup=1&_organos_selectedSuborgano=315 |archive-date=2021-09-11 }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |deputy
! style="background: #C99BC6;" |[[Aina Vidal Saéz]] (ECP)
|style="text-align:center;" |2020–present
|}

==See also==
{{PoliticsES}}
* [[List of presidents of the Congress of Deputies of Spain]]
* [[Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain]]
* [[Bureaus of the Cortes Generales]]
* [[Spanish Parliamentarism]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060402230723/http://libro.uca.edu/cortes/cortes.htm O’Callaghan, Joseph F. ''The Cortes of Castile-León, 1188–1350'', 1989].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/19980118005221/http://www.congreso.es/funciones/constitucion/titulo_3_cap_1.htm Constitución Española, Título III, {{Lang|es|De las Cortes Generales}}, 1978]

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.congreso.es}}

{{Spain topics}}
{{National bicameral legislatures}}
{{Parliaments in Europe}}

[[Category:Cortes Generales| ]]
[[Category:Government of Spain]]
[[Category:Parliaments by country|Spain]]
[[Category:Bicameral legislatures|Spain]]
[[Category:National legislatures|Spain]]

The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872

2022-03-10T10:05:47Z

Brandnbb: Published a captivating piece.

{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872
| image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg
| imagesize = 150
| imagelink =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| long_title = The Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 is an act of the Parliament of India for the legal marriage of Indian Christians.
| citation = [http://ncw.nic.in/acts/TheIndianChristianMarriageAct1872-15of1872.pdf Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872]
| enacted_by = [[Imperial Legislative Council]]
| date_enacted =
| date_assented = 18 July 1872
| date_signed =
| date_commenced = 18 July 1872
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| white_paper =
| committee_report =
| amendments =
| repeals =
| related =
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = in force
}}

'''The Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872''' is an [[List of Acts of the Parliament of India|act of the Parliament of India]] regulating the legal marriage of [[Christianity in India|Indian Christians]]. It was enacted on July 18, 1872, and applies throughout India, excluding territories such as [[Kochi|Cochin]], [[Manipur]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="lawyer">{{cite web |title=The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872 |url=https://lawyerslaw.org/the-indian-christian-marriage-act-1872/ |website=lawyerslaw.org |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>

According to the act, a marriage is legitimate if at least one of the parties is Christian. An ordained minister of any church in India, a clergyman of the [[Church of Scotland]], a marriage registrar or a special licensee may get an aspiring couple married under the act.<ref name="kanoon">{{cite web |title=The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1166543/ |website=indiankanoon.org |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> The marriage performer issues a marriage certificate. This certificate is recorded with the Registrar of Marriage (who is appointed by the government). As is common in other Indian marriage acts, the minimum age is 21 for the groom and 18 for the bride.<ref name="help">{{cite web |title=Christian Marriage and Registration Procedure in India |url=http://www.helplinelaw.com/family-law/CTMRR/christian-marriage-and-registration-procedure-in-india.html |website=Helplinelaw.com |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>

The marriage ceremony must occur between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m., unless the marriage performer secures special permission. The wedding may take place in a church; however, in cases where there is no church within five miles, an appropriate alternative location may be chosen.<ref name="lawyer" />

==Conditions and requirements==
The marriage is legitimate only under the following conditions:<ref name=help/>

* The groom must be at least 21 years old.
* The bride must be at least 18 years old.
* The agreement between the two parties must be free and voluntary and without compulsion, undue influence, or threat of violence.
* The marriage must be witnessed by two reliable [[Eyewitness testimony|eye-witnesses]] and by a licensed marriage performer.

==Marriage dissolution==

Christian marriage in India can be dissolved under the Indian Divorce Act of 1869 (under Section X) under three conditions:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nambi |first1=S |title=Marriage, mental health and the Indian legislation |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=3–14 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.46067 |pmc=2918313}}</ref>
*By Section X A (as amended in 2001) both parties can file for a divorce by mutual consent.
*According to Section X (I), either party can file for divorce on the grounds that the other party is of [[Mental disorder|unsound mind]]. These grounds require two conditions:
**The party must be medically certified as 'incurable.'
**The relevant medical symptoms must have been noted at least two years prior to filing for divorce. If the symptoms were treated at any point in time, but ultimately became incurable, the period of two years will be counted from the date when the disease was certified as incurable.
*Women can request a divorce under Section X (II) on three exclusive grounds: [[rape]], [[sodomy]] and [[Zoophilia|bestiality]].

A woman married under The Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 can seek dissolution of her marriage under the Indian Divorce Act of 1869<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/exclusive/flavia-agnes-womens-rights-lawyer/|title=From Law And Politics To Religion: In Conversation With Flavia Agnes|work=The Logical Indian|access-date=2018-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Offence==

Any individual who performs a marriage ceremony when not appropriately licensed by the authorities or recognized by the church can be punished with a term of imprisonment of between seven and ten years.<ref name=" lawyer"/>

== Remarriage ==
Under the [[Special Marriage Act, 1954|special marriage act]], any woman of any religion can marry or remarry without satisfying any religious ceremony. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/exclusive/flavia-agnes-womens-rights-lawyer/|title=From Law And Politics To Religion: In Conversation With Flavia Agnes|work=The Logical Indian|access-date=2018-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Marriage law in India]]
[[Category:Marriage and religion]]