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Sholinganallur Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T04:42:09Z

Bpk: added new pg

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 27
| map_image = Constitution-Shozhinganallur.svg
| district = [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]
| established = 2008
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[S. Aravind Ramesh]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Sholinganallur
| electors = 553,905
| reservation =
}}

'''Sholinganallur''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly constituency]] in Chengalpattu district of [[Tamil Nadu]], India, that was formed after constituency [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitations]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 27. It is a part of [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections.
It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[K. P. Kandan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2"|[[S. Aravind Ramesh]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=27}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|2026
|[[P. Saravanan (politician)|P. Saravanan]]
|
| [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.18}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|60.43}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Sholinganallur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Aravind Ramesh]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Kandan]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jayalakshmi Raman|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Saravanan (politician) | P. Saravanan]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =553905 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Shozhinganallur<ref>{{cite web|title=Shozhinganallur Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a027|access-date= 15 Oct 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Aravind Ramesh]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=171,558 |percentage=44.18 |change=+1.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Kandan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=136,153 |percentage=35.06 |change=-3.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Michael |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=38,872 |percentage=10.01 |change=+6.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajiv Kumar |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=30,284 |percentage=7.80 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Murugan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=3,912 |percentage=1.01 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=3,030 |percentage=0.78 |change=-1.34 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,405 |percentage=9.12 |change= 4.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=388,355 |percentage=55.57 |change= -1.81 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=552|percentage=0.14 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 698,820 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Shozhinganallur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Aravind Ramesh]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=147,014 |percentage=42.53 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Sundaram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=132,101 |percentage=38.21 |change=-22.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ramkumar |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=15,595 |percentage=4.51 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Paneer Doss |party=Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |votes=15,129 |percentage=4.38 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ujagar Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,915 |percentage=4.31 |change=+1.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=10,842 |percentage=3.14 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=7,332 |percentage=2.12 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,913 |percentage=4.31 |change= -23.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=345,697 |percentage=57.38 |change= -9.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 602,472 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -17.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Shozhinganallur<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Kandan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=145,385 |percentage=60.43 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. S. Balaji]] |party=Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |votes=78,413 |percentage=32.59 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mohandoss Gandhi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,275 |percentage=3.02 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Utharapathi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,983 |percentage=0.82 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Singaraj |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,666 |percentage=0.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Narasimhan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,648 |percentage=0.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=66,972 |percentage=27.84 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=240,583 |percentage=67.27 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 357,660 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Chengalpattu district]]
[[Category:Politics of Chennai]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Ishpreet Singh Chadha

2026-05-05T12:06:42Z

Bpk:

{{Short description|Indian snooker player}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox snooker player
|name = Ishpreet Singh Chadha
|image = Ishpreet Singh Chadha 2026 (1).jpg
|caption = Ishpreet Singh Chadha at German Masters in 2026
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|5|30|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|Sport country = {{IND}}
|Professional = 2023–present
|High ranking = 59 (May 2026)
|Official maximums =
|Best finish = Semi-final ([[2024 English Open (snooker)|2024 English Open]])
|Ranking wins =
|World champ =
}}

'''Ishpreet Singh Chadha''' ({{langx|hi|इशप्रीत सिंह चढ्ढा}}, born 30 May 1996) is an Indian snooker player. He has earned a two-year card on the [[World Snooker Tour]] starting with [[2023–24 snooker season]].

== Career ==
From [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.magzmumbai.com/ishpreet-singh-chadha-in-sparkling-form/ |website=Magzmumbai.com |title=Ishpreet Singh Chadha in sparkling form |date=January 27, 2023 |accessdate=11 June 2023}}</ref> he and fellow-Mumbai native [[Kreishh Gurbaxani]] have been described as protégés{{efn|The source misspelled this as ''prodigies''.}} of Indian former-professional snooker player [[Yasin Merchant]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/all-india-snooker-open-yasin-merchant-ishpreet-singh-chadha-kreishh-gurbaxani-record-easy-first-round-wins |website=Freepressjournal.in |accessdate=11 June 2023 |title=All India Snooker Open: Yasin Merchant, Ishpreet Singh Chadha, Kreishh Gurbaxani record easy first round wins |date=10 January 2023}}</ref>

In April 2022, Chadha beat Pushpender Singh to win Bangalore Snooker Academy’s all-India Open snooker championship.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ishpreet crowned champion |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ishpreet-crowned-champion/articleshow/90629623.cms |access-date=11 June 2023 |date=4 April 2022}}</ref>
In December 2022, Chadha was crowned the SAARC Snooker champion in [[Dhaka]], defeating [[Ahsan Ramzan]] on the way to the final, and then fellow Indian Brijesh Daman in the final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebridge.in/cue-sports/ishpreet-chadha-saarc-snooker-champion-37799 |date=7 December 2022 |website=Thebridge.in |accessdate=11 June 2023 |title=Ishpreet Singh Chadha crowned SAARC Snooker Champion}}</ref> That month he defeated [[Pankaj Advani (billiards player)|Pankaj Advani]] to win the 6-Red Snooker National Championships in [[Indore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportscafe.in/sports/articles/2022/dec/13/ishpreet-singh-wins-6-red-snooker-nationals-beats-pankaj-advani-in-final |website=Sportscafe.in |accessdate=11 June 2023 |title=Ishpreet Singh wins 6-Red Snooker Nationals, beats Pankaj Advani in final |date=December 13, 2022}}</ref>

Chadha reached the final of the Asia-Oceania Q School in Bangkok in June 2023, with a run that included victories over Pakistan’s Sharjeel Mahmood Asmat and Yu Kiu Chang of Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wst.tv/chadha-scores-impressive-win/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612012246/https://wst.tv/chadha-scores-impressive-win/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2023 |website=wst.tv |accessdate=11 June 2023 |title=Chahdha scores impressive win |date=9 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wst.tv/asia-oceania-q-school-final-day-line-up/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612012525/https://wst.tv/asia-oceania-q-school-final-day-line-up/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2023 |title=Asia-Oceania Q school - Final day line up |date=11 June 2023 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |website=wst.tv}}</ref> In the final round he defeated Hon Man Chau to earn a two-year card on the [[World Snooker Tour]] starting with the [[2023–24 snooker season]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wst.tv/singh-set-for-pro-tour/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612091615/https://wst.tv/singh-set-for-pro-tour/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2023 |title=Singh set for Pro tour |website=wst.tv |date=12 June 2023 |accessdate=12 June 2023}}</ref>

===2023/24===
He started the season being entered into the draw at the [[2023 Championship League (ranking)|
2023 Championship League]] held at the [[Leicester Arena|Morningside Arena]] in [[Leicester]], England, from 26 June 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://championshipleaguesnooker.co.uk/ranking/championship-league-snooker-2023/stage-1/ |website=Championship League Snooker |accessdate=June 26, 2023 |title=CHAMPIONSHIP LEAGUE SNOOKER 2023}}</ref> He began his career with a credible draw against top-16 player [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]], and finished his round-robin group stage with a win over [[Sean O'Sullivan (snooker player)|Sean O'Sullivan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wst.tv/gilbert-grabs-winners-week-slot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714054832/https://wst.tv/gilbert-grabs-winners-week-slot/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2023 |title=Gilbert grabs winners week slot |accessdate=14 July 2023 |date=13 July 2023 |website=wst.tv}}</ref> In August 2023, he defeated [[Manasawin Phetmalaikul]] 4-1 to qualify for the final stages of the [[2023 British Open (snooker)|2023 British Open]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wst.tv/singh-when-youre-winning/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815054944/https://wst.tv/singh-when-youre-winning/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 August 2023 |title=Singh when you're winning |accessdate=15 August 2023 |date=14 August 2023 |website=wst.tv}}</ref> At the event, he secured the biggest win of his career against former world champion [[Stuart Bingham]]. In September 2023, he also beat [[Anthony McGill]] to qualify for the [[2023 Wuhan Open (snooker)|2023 Wuhan Open]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wst.tv/singh-scores-huge-win-over-bingham/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928061817/https://wst.tv/singh-scores-huge-win-over-bingham/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2023 |title=Singh scores huge win over Bingham |accessdate=28 September 2023 |date=27 September 2023 |website=wst.tv}}</ref> He earned a second victory of the season over Stuart Bingham to qualify for the [[2024 World Open (snooker)|World Open]], winning 5-3.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/january/24/kleckers-lands-yushan-slot/ |website=wst.tv |accessdate=25 January 2024 |date=24 January 2024 |title=KLECKERS LANDS YUSHAN SLOT}}</ref> In January 2024, he recorded the biggest win of his career with a 5-2 win over World Champion [[Luca Brecel]] at the [[2024 German Masters]].<ref>{{cite web |website=RTE |accessdate=30 January 2024 |url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2024/0129/1429335-allen-holds-his-nerve-in-german-masters/ |title=Mark Allen holds his nerve in German Masters |date=30 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=wst.tv |accessdate=30 January 2024 |date=29 January 2024 |title=Carter makes winning start |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/january/29/carter-makes-winning-start/}}</ref>

===2024/25===
He reached the third round of the [[2024 Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters]] where he was defeated by [[Hossein Vafaei]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/september/01/saudi-arabia-snooker-masters--day-three-afternoon/ |accessdate=2 September 2024 |website=wst.tv |title=SAUDI ARABIA SNOOKER MASTERS: DAY THREE AFTERNOON |date=1 September 2024}}</ref>

At the [[2024 English Open (snooker)|2024 English Open]] in [[Brentwood, Essex|Brentwood]] in September 2024, he reached the seminfinal with wins against [[He Guoqiang (snooker player)|He Guoqiang]], [[Jak Jones]], [[Hossein Vafaei]], former world champion [[Graeme Dott]], and four-time world champion [[Mark Selby]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BetVictor English Open - Saturday round-up |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/september/12/betvictor-english-open---saturday-round-up/ |work=[[World Snooker Tour]] |date=14 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915060856/https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/september/12/betvictor-english-open---saturday-round-up/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/betvictor-english-open/2024-2025/english-open-2024-results-scores-order-of-play-judd-trump-ronnie-o-sullivan_sto20036653/story.shtml |website=Eurosport |accessdate=16 September 2024 |title=ENGLISH OPEN 2024: LATEST SCORES, RESULTS, ORDER OF PLAY AS JUDD TRUMP LOOKS TO DEFEND HIS TITLE AT THE BRENTWOOD CENTRE |first=Johnny |last=Bray |date=16 September 2024}}</ref> In doing so, he became the first Indian player to reach a ranking event semi final since [[Aditya Mehta]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=SINGH CHADHA PIPS SELBY IN THRILLER |date=21 September 2024 |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/september/20/singh-chadha-pips-selby-in-thriller/ |website=wst.tv |accessdate=21 September 2024}}</ref> Chadha lost to [[Wu Yize]] in the semi-final without winning a frame.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/betvictor-english-open/2024-2025/wu-yize-win-english-open-ishpreet-singh-chadha_sto20038990/story.shtml |title=Wu Yize through to English Open final with comprehensive win over Ishpreet Singh Chadha at Brentwood Centre |publisher=Eurosport |accessdate=21 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/september/21/wonderful-wu-makes-maiden-final/ |title=Wonderful Wu Makes Maiden Final |publisher=World Snooker Tour |accessdate=21 September 2024}}</ref>

In February 2025, he reached the last-32 of the [[2025 Welsh Open (snooker)|2025 Welsh Open]] with a win over defending champion [[Gary Wilson (snooker player)|Gary Wilson]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/articles/cx2jdnpdwndo.amp |website=BBC Sport |accessdate=11 February 2025 |title=Chadha knocks out 2024 champion Wilson in first round |date=10 February 2025}}</ref> He recorded a 10-2 win over Mateusz Baranowski in qualifying for the 2025 World Championship.<ref>{{cite web |website=wst.tv |url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2025/april/10/this-is-my-last-tournament---perry/ |accessdate=11 April 2025 |title=THIS IS MY LAST TOURNAMENT – PERRY |date=10 April 2025}}</ref> He lost to [[Zhou Yuelong ]] in the third round of qualifying for the 2025 World Snooker Championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/snooker/halo-world-championship/2024-2025/world-championship-2025-jack-lisowski-suffers-shock-exit-as-dominic-dale-and-joe-perry-retire-after-defeats-in-crucible-qualifying_sto23172858/story.shtml |website=tntsports |accessdate=14 April 2025 |title=World Championship 2025: Jack Lisowski suffers shock exit as Dominic Dale and Joe Perry retire after defeats in Crucible qualifying |date=13 April 2025 |first=Desmond |last=Kane}}</ref>

===2025/26===
In January 2026, he reached the last-16 of the [[2026 German Masters]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wst.tv/news/2026/january/28/machineseeker-ger/ |website=wst.tv|accessdate=11 April 2026|title= MACHINESEEKER GERMAN MASTERS DAY THREE |date=28 Jan 2026}}</ref> In April 2026, he moved into the third round of qualifying at the [[2026 World Snooker Championship]] with a 10-5 win over [[Chris Totten]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wst.tv/news/2026/april/10/fu-survives-epic-davies-fightback/|website=wst.tv|accessdate=11 April 2026|title= FU SURVIVES EPIC DAVIES FIGHTBACK|date=10 April 2026}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He was formerly a competitive [[esports]] player.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-66461630 |website=bbc.co.uk |access-date=23 August 2023 |title=How esports helped a snooker player go pro |first=Luke |last=Wolstenholme |date=23 August 2023}}</ref>

== Performance and rankings timeline ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
! Tournament
! [[2016–17 snooker season|2016/ 17]]
! [[2023–24 snooker season|2023/ 24]]
! [[2024–25 snooker season|2024/ 25]]
! [[2025–26 snooker season|2025/ 26]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Snooker world rankings|Ranking]]<ref group="nb">It shows the ranking at the beginning of the season</ref>
|align="center"|<ref group="nb" name="AMA">He was an amateur</ref>
|align="center"|<ref group="nb" name="UR">New players on the Main Tour don't have a ranking</ref>
|align="center"|[[2024–25 snooker world rankings|80]]
|align="center"|[[2025–26 snooker world rankings|63]]
|-
|colspan="10"|'''Ranking tournaments'''
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Championship League]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|NR
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2023 Championship League (ranking)#Group 13|RR]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Championship League (ranking)#Group 30|RR]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters|Saudi Arabia Masters]]
|align="center" colspan="2" style="color:#555555;"|Not Held
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters|3R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters|2R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Wuhan Open (snooker)|Wuhan Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|NH
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2023 Wuhan Open (snooker)|1R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Wuhan Open (snooker)|1R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 Wuhan Open (snooker)|1R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[English Open (snooker)|English Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|style="text-align:center; background:yellow;"|[[2024 English Open (snooker)|SF]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 English Open (snooker)|1R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[British Open (snooker)|British Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|NH
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2023 British Open|2R]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Xi'an Grand Prix]]
|align="center" colspan="2" style="color:#555555;"|Not Held
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 Xi'an Grand Prix|1R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Northern Ireland Open (snooker)|Northern Ireland Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Northern Ireland Open|1R]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[International Championship]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[UK Championship]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Snooker Shoot Out|Shoot Out]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2023 Snooker Shoot Out (2023–24 season)|1R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Snooker Shoot Out|2R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 Snooker Shoot Out|2R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Scottish Open (snooker)|Scottish Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2023 Scottish Open (snooker)|1R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Scottish Open (snooker)|2R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 Scottish Open (snooker)|1R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[German Masters]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 German Masters|2R]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2026 German Masters|2R]]
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[World Grand Prix (snooker)|World Grand Prix]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Players Championship (snooker)|Players Championship]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Welsh Open (snooker)|Welsh Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 Welsh Open (snooker)|2R]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[World Open (snooker)|World Open]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2024 World Open (snooker)|1R]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2025 World Open (snooker)|1R]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|WD
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Tour Championship (snooker)|Tour Championship]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|NH
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|DNQ
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[World Snooker Championship|World Championship]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|LQ
|-
|colspan="10"|'''Former ranking tournaments'''
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Indian Open (snooker)|Indian Open]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2016 Indian Open|1R]]
|align="center" colspan="3" style="color:#555555;"|Not Held
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[European Masters (snooker)|European Masters]]
|align="center" style="color:#555555;"|A
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2023 European Masters|1R]]
|align="center" colspan="2" style="color:#555555;"|Not Held
|-
|colspan="10"|'''Former non-ranking tournaments'''
|-
|style="background:#EFEFEF;"|[[Six-red World Championship]]
|align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2016 Six-red World Championship|2R]]
|align="center" colspan="3" style="color:#555555;"|Not Held
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:78%;"
|-
! colspan="6"|Performance Table Legend
|-
| style="color:#555555; text-align:center; width:30px;"|LQ
| lost in the qualifying draw
| style="text-align:center; background:#afeeee;"|#R
| lost in the early rounds of the tournament (WR = Wildcard round, RR = Round robin)
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffebcd;"|QF
| lost in the quarter-finals
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:yellow;"|SF
| lost in the semi-finals
| style="text-align:center; background:thistle;"|F
| lost in the final
| style="text-align:center; background:#0f0;"|'''W'''
| won the tournament
|-
| style="color:#555555; text-align:center; width:30px;"|DNQ
| did not qualify for the tournament
| style="color:#555555; text-align:center; width:30px;"|A
| did not participate in the tournament
| style="color:#555555; text-align:center; width:30px;"|WD
| withdrew from the tournament
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
| style="text-align:center; color:#555555;" colspan="4"|NH / Not Held || means an event was not held.
|-
| style="text-align:center; color:#555555;" colspan="4"|NR / Non-Ranking Event || means an event is/was no longer a ranking event.
|-
| style="text-align:center; color:#555555;" colspan="4"|R / Ranking Event || means an event is/was a ranking event.
|-
| style="text-align:center; color:#555555;" colspan="4"|MR / Minor-Ranking Event || means an event is/was a minor-ranking event.
|}
{{reflist|group=nb}}

== Career finals ==
=== Amateur finals: 4 (3 titles) ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!width="80"| Outcome
!width="20"| No.
!width="50"| Year
!width="300"| Championship
!width="200"| Opponent in the final
!width="100"| Score
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner
| 1.
| 2015
| Indian Under-17 Championship
| {{flagicon|IND}} Shobhit Sethi
| 3–0
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner
| 2.
| 2021
| Indian Amateur Championship
| {{flagicon|IND}} Malkeet Singh
| 6–3
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up
| 1.
| 2022
| [[ACBS Asian Snooker Championship|Asian Championship]]
| {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Amir Sarkhosh]]
| 0–5
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner
| 3.
| 2022
| [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] Championship
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Brijesh Damani]]
| 7–3
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{portal|Cue sports}}
* {{WPBSA player|id=ishpreet-singh-chadha}}
* {{WST player|new_id=cc2c8bf7-0c67-4751-9e36-7b86718164b1}}
* {{Snooker.org player}}
{{Commons category|Ishpreet Singh Chadha}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh Chadha, Ishpreet}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian snooker players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Mumbai]]

Dhad, Maharashtra

2026-05-05T09:06:41Z

Bpk: Creating A Pg.

{{refimprove|date=February 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dhad
| native_name = دھاڑ
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|20.3962|N|76.0000|E|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[list of districts in india|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of subdistricts in India|Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Buldhana]]
| established_title = 
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj (India)]]
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| leader_title = Sarpanch
| leader_name = -
| leader_title1 = Up Sarpanch
| leader_name1 = -
| demographics_type1 = Language
| timezone1 = [[India standard time|IST]]
| postal_code = 443106
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_code = 07262
| registration_plate = MH-28
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| postal_code_type = [[postal index number|Pin Code]]
| population_total = 12,340
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = Auto
| image_skyline = Dhad-Kardi Dam.jpg
| image_caption = Water Dam
}}
'''Dhad''' is a [[gram panchayat]] village in Buldana Taluka in Buldhana District of Maharashtra State, India.<ref>https://buldhana.nic.in/en/public-utility/dhad/</ref> It belongs to Vidarbha region . It belongs to Amravati Division . It is located 29 km towards west from District headquarters Buldhana. 17 km from Buldana. 424 km from State capital Mumbai.

Dhad Pin code is 443106 and postal head office is Dhad

Malkapur, Sillod, Soyagaon, Jalna are the nearby Cities to Dhad.

Ruikhed Maimba ( 5 km ), Jamthi ( 6 km ), Dhamangaon ( 7 km ), Mondhala ( 9 km ), Bhadgaon ( 9 km ) are the nearby Villages to Dhad. Dhad is surrounded by Jafrabad Taluka towards South, Buldhana Taluka towards East, Bhokardan Taluka towards west, Chikhli Taluka towards East .

== Demographics ==
According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Dhad village is 529304. Dhad village is located in Buldana tehsil of Buldana district in Maharashtra, India. It is situated 25km away from sub-district headquarter Buldana (tehsildar office) and 25km away from district headquarter Buldana. As per 2009 stats, Dhad village is also a gram panchayat.

The total geographical area of village is 1541.27 hectares. Dhad has a total population of 12,340 peoples, out of which male population is 6,485 while female population is 5,855. Literacy rate of dhad village is 72.57% out of which 77.83% males and 66.75% females are literate. There are about 2,365 houses in dhad village. Pincode of dhad village locality is 443106.

When it comes to administration, Dhad village is administrated by a sarpanch who is elected representative of the village by the local elections. As per 2019 stats, Dhad village comes under Chikhli assembly constituency & Buldhana parliamentary constituency. Buldana is nearest town to dhad for all major economic activities, which is approximately 25km away.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Buldhana district]]

Tsunduru massacre

2026-04-27T19:50:06Z

Bpk: added stub

{{Short description|1991 killing of Dalits in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Tsunduru Massacre
| partof = [[Caste-related violence in India]]
| image =
| caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Tsunduru]], [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| target = Dalits (Mala community)
| coordinates =
| date = {{start date|1991|08|06}}
| time = 11:00 am
| timezone = IST
| type = Massacre, caste violence
| fatalities = 8
| injuries =
| victims = Dalit men from the Mala community
| perpetrators = Reddy caste men
| assailants = Reddy men, alleged support from police
| weapons = Bladed weapons, possibly blunt objects
| numparts =
| dfens =
| motive = Caste-based discrimination, retaliation for Dalit assertion
| inquiry = Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee
| coroner =
| accused = 212 individuals charged in 12 separate cases
| convicted = None (all acquitted due to lack of evidence)
| verdict = [[Hyderabad High Court]] dismissed charges due to lack of evidence
| convictions =
| charges = Various charges including murder
| litigation =
| judge =
| website =
| module =
| notes =
}}
The '''Tsunduru Massacre''' refers to the killing of several [[Dalit]] people in the village of [[Tsunduru]], [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, on 6 August 1991.{{Sfn|Berg|2020|p=103}} 8 Dalits were massacred by [[Reddy]] men with the alleged help of the police.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Uma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CURvDwAAQBAJ&dq=dalits+tsunduru&pg=PA141|title=Gendering Caste: Through a Feminist Lens|date=2018-09-17|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-81345-46-7|pages=141|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kannabiran|first1=Vasanth|last2=Kannabiran|first2=Kalpana|date=1991|title=Caste and Gender: Understanding Dynamics of Power and Violence|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41626993|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=26|issue=37|pages=2130–2133|jstor=41626993|issn=0012-9976}}</ref> In the month before the massacre, a young graduate Dalit youth had been beaten because he allegedly touched a Reddy woman near a cinema hall by accident. As a result, Dalits were socially boycotted by the Reddy landowners of the village. Many Dalits lost their livelihood, since they earned their daily wages by working in the paddy fields of the Reddys. After the massacre, Dalits collectively fought for legal justice by invoking the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act of 1989, but ultimately, none of the 212 individuals charged were convicted.

== Background ==
The village of Tsunduru was locally dominated by the [[Reddy]] peasantry but attained notable economic, social, and political power in Andhra following independence.{{Sfn|Berg|2020|p=109, In Tsundur, the Reddys constitute the dominant caste. Like the Kammas, the Reddys who have gained a dominating position in terms of economic, social and political power in the state}} The Reddy community also participated in the [[Anti-Brahminism|non-Brahmin]] movement to claim [[Kshatriya]] status.{{Sfn|Berg|2020|p=109, During the colonial period, the Reddys participated in non-Brahmin movements and demanded Kshatriya status}} Following this post-colonial development, on 7 July 1991, Ravi, a Dalit boy, had accidentally touched a Reddy women sitting in front of him in a cinema hall with his foot.<ref name=":0" /> Ravi apologized immediately, but some Reddy youth roughed him up.<ref name=":0" /> Later, Ravi was tracked down, beat up, and forced to drink [[brandy]] by some Reddy youth, and the Reddy youth brought Ravi to a police station and demanded that he be arrested for allegedly misbehaving with women while drunk.<ref name=":0" /> A parallel incident occurred with another Dalit boy named Rajababu, who was knifed in Tsundur by a certain Krishna Reddy for allegedly grazing his body against two Reddy girls outside a cinema hall, a claim which the Dalit side contests.<ref name=":0" /> Following these two incidents, there were a social boycott of Dalits that lasted a month, which forced them to travel to [[Tenali]] to buy basic provisions or [[Ongole]] for work.<ref name=":0" /> The attacks on the Dalits of Tsundur were carried out to 'teach them a lesson', primarily to try to make them submissive to the local caste Hindus, such as the dominant Reddy peasantry, and comply with their position as 'untouchables'.{{Sfn|Berg|2020|p=128}} This position was challenged as Dalit families in the village sought to educate their children so they could be independent of low social status.{{Sfn|Berg|2020|p=134}} Many Dalits believed that their caste held a much higher rate of literacy on average than the local Reddy community, who were believed to not be as interested in educational attainment.{{Sfn|Berg|2020|p=134}} It is widely believed that these events lead to the massacre

== Massacre ==
On 6 August 1991 at around 11.00 am, police forces suddenly entered the homes of [[Mala (caste)|Mala]] Dalit families, causing the Mala men to flee into the fields at the request of the local women who were worried about their safety. Armed Reddy men were lying in wait. and when the Dalit men entered the fields they were hacked down and murdered. Some of the victims' corpses were thrown into nearby fields while others were thrown in the river.<ref name=":0" /> Local police were reported to have not acted at all to prevent the massacre.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=John|first1=Mary E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVzaAAAAMAAJ|title=Background Report on Gender Issues in India: Long Report|last2=Lalita|first2=Ke|date=1995|publisher=Institute of Development Studies|isbn=978-1-85864-166-9|pages=47|language=en}}</ref> The attack was not reported for over 24 hours until a Dalit woman escaped the village and walked over 17 miles to notify the district collector in [[Guntur]]. After the massacre, the remaining Dalits fled to [[Tenali]], where they were offered refuge by the Salvation Army Church.<ref name=":0" />

==Prosecution==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
212 people were charged in a total of 12 separate cases regarding the incident. 33 defendants subsequently died and the [[Supreme Court of India]] then dismissed the charges citing lack of evidence. A Division Bench comprising Justices L. Narasimha Reddy and M.S. Jaiswal turned down the verdict of trial court saying the prosecution had failed to prove the exact time of death, place of occurrence and the identity of attackers. A report by the Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee titled ''The Chundur Carnage August 6'', 1991, was published.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee |title=The Chundur Carnage August 6, 1991 |url=https://karthiknavayan.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/tsunduru-carnage-apclc-report-published-in-august-1991-apclc.pdf}}</ref> It was reprinted in the anthology ''The Hunger of the Republic: Our Present in Retrospect'' (2021) published by [[Tulika Books]].

[[Bojja Tharakam]] was senior public prosecutor Tsunduru massacre case in the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]].

== See also ==

* [[Laxmipeta Massacre]]
* [[Neerukonda massacre]]
* [[Karamchedu massacre]]
* [[List of Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/401162/andhra-hc-strikes-down-all.html|title=Andhra HC strikes down all sentences in Dalit massacre case|work=Deccan Herald|date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=11 April 2015}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/andhra-hc-strikes-down-all-sentences-in-dalit-massacre-case-114042200757_1.html|title=Andhra HC strikes down all sentences in Dalit massacre case|author=IANS|date=22 April 2014|work=business-standard.com|accessdate=11 April 2015}}
=== Sources ===
* {{cite book | last=Berg | first=Dag–Erik | title=Dynamics of Caste and Law: Dalits, Oppression and Constitutional Democracy in India | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-108-85560-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUEIEAAAQBAJ}}

==Further reading==
* [http://hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india929.pdf Police Killings and Rural Violence in Andhra Pradesh]
* [http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses1/0409089101.htm Brutal Killings of Harijans in Tsundur Village of Guntur District]
* [http://odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh]
* {{cite web|title=Post-Chundur_and_Other_Chundurs.pdf|url=http://balagopal.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Post-Chundur_and_Other_Chundurs.pdf|website=balagopal.org|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811221230/http://balagopal.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Post-Chundur_and_Other_Chundurs.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=THE TSUNDURU CARNAGE-APCLC REPORT|url=http://balagopal.org/wp-content//uploads/2014/04/Tsunduru/THE%20TSUNDURU%20CARNAGE-APCLC%20REPORT-PUBLISHED%20IN%20AUGUST%201991.pdf|website=balagopal.org|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811221226/http://balagopal.org/wp-content//uploads/2014/04/Tsunduru/THE%20TSUNDURU%20CARNAGE-APCLC%20REPORT-PUBLISHED%20IN%20AUGUST%201991.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Read Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh, India: Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories - ODI Working Papers 179|url=http://www.readbag.com/odi-uk-resources-docs-2692|website=www.readbag.com}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1991]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1991]]
[[Category:1990s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:August 1991 in India]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]
[[Category:1991 in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Violence against Dalits]]

Lulu Mall, Kochi

2026-04-26T15:39:34Z

Bpk: made initial entry needs work...

{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=January 2026}}
{{Promotional|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox shopping mall
| name = LuLu Mall Kochi
| logo = Lulu Mall Kochi Logo.png
| image = Lulu Mall Kochi.jpg
| caption =
| location = [[Edapally]], [[Kochi]], India
| mapframe-zoom = 12
| coordinates = {{coord|10|1|32|N|76|18|28|E}}
| address = 34/1000, [[National Highway 544 (India)|Old NH 47]], Edapally, Kochi - 682 024
| opening_date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|3|10}}
| owner = [[LuLu Group International]]
| architect = [[Atkins (company)|Atkins]]
| number_of_stores = 300+
| number_of_anchors = 6
| floors = LG + G + 3
| floor_area = {{convert| 185,806.08|sqm|abbr=on}}<ref name="about1">{{Cite web |title=Lulu International Shopping Mall Official Website |url=https://www.kochi.lulumall.in/about-us-2/|language=en}}</ref>
| publictransit = [[Edapally metro station]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.kochi.lulumall.in/about-us-2/|Official website}}
| Official Website =
}}

'''LuLu Mall, Kochi''' is a [[shopping mall]] located in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]. Located at [[Edappally]], it is one of the largest malls in India with a total built up area of 2 million sq.ft. It contains more than 300 outlets, including [[food courts]], restaurants, family entertainment zones, a [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]], ice skating rink, gaming arena, beauty parlors, toy train ride and bowling alley.<ref name="ieshopping">{{cite news|title=The highway to shopping|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1496150.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314010415/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1496150.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=11 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="toilulumall">{{cite news|title=Mega-size mall to be open in Kochi on March 10|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-01/kochi/37372404_1_emke-group-emke-group-lulu-mall|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612164535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-01/kochi/37372404_1_emke-group-emke-group-lulu-mall|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 June 2013|access-date=17 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="dcskate">{{cite news|title=Skate on Ice this summer|url=http://lulumall.in/images/decca.png|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=29 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=PVR cinemas in Kochi|url=http://www.funblogtech.blogspot.in/2014/01/pvr-cinemas-in-kochi.html|date=23 December 2013}}</ref> The mall was opened in March 2013 by then [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]], [[Oommen Chandy]].<ref name="lulusize">{{cite news|title=LuLu Mall together with LuLu Hypermarket opens in Kochi|url=https://www.lulugroupinternational.com/news/lulu-mall-together-with-lulu-hypermarket-opens-in-kochi-india/|work=[[LuLu Group International]]|access-date = 10 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lulu Mall to be opened tomorrow|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1494149.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312001452/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article1494149.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 March 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=9 March 2013}}</ref>

The entire project, consisting of the shopping mall with four customized shopping levels and a hotel, was designed by the UK based architectural firm [[Atkins (company)|Atkins]]. The construction contract of the project was awarded to [[Shapoorji Pallonji]], an Indian conglomerate. The [[Hotel rating|5-star]] business hotel located within the campus of the mall is operated by [[Marriott Hotels & Resorts]].

By 2023, ten years from the opening, LuLu Mall Kochi had been visited by 250 million people and 3 million vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lulumall.in/kochi/about-mall/|title = About Mall}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2026}}

The estimated cost for this project was more than {{INRConvert|1600|c|year=2013|to=USD|mode=historical}}.<ref name="ielulu">{{cite news|date=4 March 2013|title=Go shop-hopping in Lulu|newspaper=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2013/mar/04/go-shop-hopping-in-lulu-455441.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093709/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2013/mar/04/go-shop-hopping-in-lulu-455441.html|archive-date=2018-06-17}}</ref> The property is owned and managed by [[Abu Dhabi]] based [[LuLu Group International]]. The shops and restaurants in LuLu Mall are franchised via Lulu Group's own retail operations company called Tablez. The head office building of the Lulu Group in India is located adjacent to the mall and hotel campus.

==Location==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Lulu Mall Kochi Atrium.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Central atrium of LuLu Mall with translucent roof
| image2 = Lulumall foodcourt.JPG
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Food court area
| image3 = Leisure Zone LuluMall.jpg
| width3 =
| alt3 =
| caption3 = Amusement area
| image4 = Corridor to Lulu Mall from Edappally Metro Station.jpg
| width4 =
| alt4 =
| caption4 = Skywalk entrance to the mall from [[Edapally metro station]]
}}

LuLu Mall is at [[Edappally Junction]], in the city of [[Kochi]], at the junction of two national highways, [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]] (previously known as [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]]) and [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]] (previously known as [[NH 17]]).{{cn|date=July 2025}}

== Transport ==
* A direct walkway connects the mall with the Edapally station of [[Kochi Metro|Kochi metro]].
* All city transport buses have a stopover at nearest Edapally bus stop.
* [[Vyttila Mobility Hub]], {{cvt|8|km}} south
* [[Ernakulam Town railway station]], {{cvt|6.6|km}} South
* [[Ernakulam Junction railway station]], {{cvt|9|km}} south
* [[Aluva railway station]], {{cvt|11|km}} north
* [[Cochin International Airport]], {{cvt|23|km}} north

==Features and facilities==
*Funtura Leisure zone which includes [[Virtual reality|VR]] zone, 5D cinema, [[amusement arcade]], [[Amusement ride|rides]], party hall, 12-lane [[Bowling|bowling alley]], and [[climbing wall]]{{cn|date=July 2025}}
* {{convert|5000|sqft|abbr=on}} ice skating rink (South India's largest)<ref name=dcskate />
* {{convert|71000|sqft|m2}}, nine screen [[PVR INOX|PVR Cinemas]] [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]] with gold class and [[4DX]] screens<ref name=toipvr>{{cite news|title=PVR to invest Rs 100 cr in Kerala|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-27/kochi/38861109_1_lulu-mall-pvr-ltd-nitin-sood|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502040501/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-27/kochi/38861109_1_lulu-mall-pvr-ltd-nitin-sood|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[LuLu Hypermarket]], on the ground floor, one of the largest hypermarkets in the country
* Other anchor stores such as Lulu Fashion Store, Lulu Connect, Lulu Celebrate, [[Marks & Spencer]] and [[Trent (Westside)|Westside]]{{cn|date=July 2025}}
* Adjacent to the mall is [[Marriott Hotel|Kochi Marriott]]. The 273 room, 5-star hotel stands at a height of 84 meters and has a [[helipad]].<ref name=toilulumall />
* 2,500-seater [[food court]] with 22 multi-[[cuisine]] kitchens and five restaurants<ref name=lulusize />
* Parking space that can accommodate 3000 cars<ref name=lulusize />
* [[Foreign exchange market|Money exchange centre]]s
* Large glass central [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]] with [[translucent]] roof
* Skywalk connecting the mall with the Edapally station of [[Kochi metro]]{{cn|date=July 2025}}
* A toy train that takes children across the mall floor

==See also==
*[[Lulu International Shopping Mall, Thiruvananthapuram]]
*[[Oberon Mall]]
*[[Centre Square Mall, Kochi]]
*[[Gold Souk Grande, Kochi]]
*[[Abad Nucleus Mall]]
*[[Forum Mall Kochi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Lulu Mall}}
* [https://www.kochi.lulumall.in/ LuLu Shopping Mall]

{{Shopping malls in Kerala |state=expanded}}
{{Shopping malls in India}}
{{Kochi (India) topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Shopping malls in Kochi]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Shopping malls established in 2013]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kochi]]
[[Category:Lulu Malls]]
[[Category:LuLu Group]]

Panchayat (TV series)

2026-04-24T20:04:24Z

Bpk: New New Entry W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian comedy-drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = April 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Panchayat (TV series) logo.png
| caption =
| country = India
| num_seasons = 4
| num_episodes = 32
| language = Hindi
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|4|3|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| network = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jitendra Kumar]]|[[Raghubir Yadav]]|[[Neena Gupta]]|[[Faisal Malik]]|[[Chandan Roy]]|[[Sanvikaa Pooja Singh]]|[[Durgesh Kumar]]|[[Ashok Pathak]]|[[Sunita Rajwar]]|
[[Bulloo Kumar]]|[[Pankaj Jha]]}}
| director = {{Ubl
| '''Season 1–4:'''
| Deepak Kumar Mishra
|'''Season 4:'''
|Akshat Vijaywargiya}}
| writer = Chandan Kumar
| music = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| cinematography = [[Amitabha Singh]]
| editor = Amit Kulkarni
| runtime = 23–50 minutes
| company = [[The Viral Fever]]
| executive_producer = [[Sameer Saxena (filmmaker)|Sameer Saxena]]
| genre = [[Comedy]] [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
}}

'''''Panchayat''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy drama]] web series created by [[The Viral Fever]] for [[Amazon Prime Video]]. Written by Chandan Kumar and directed by Deepak Kumar Mishra & Akshat Vijaywargiya, the series stars [[Jitendra Kumar]], [[Raghubir Yadav]], [[Neena Gupta]], [[Chandan Roy]], [[Faisal Malik]], and Sanvikaa, alongside [[Durgesh Kumar]], [[Ashok Pathak]], [[Sunita Rajwar]] and [[Pankaj Jha]]. It follows an engineering graduate who becomes the secretary of a [[gram panchayat]] in the fictional village of Phulera in [[Uttar Pradesh]] due to limited job opportunities.

The series premiered on 3 April 2020 and received critical acclaim for its writing, performances, and portrayal of rural life. It has four seasons as of June 2025. In July 2025, the series was renewed for a fifth season, which is scheduled to premiere in 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2025 |last=Sarkar |first=Arpita |title=Panchayat Season 5 Announced: Here's when Jitendra Kumar's series will release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/panchayat-season-5-announced-heres-when-to-expect-jitendra-kumars-series/24f6f49995100 |website=[[OTTplay]] |access-date=17 February 2026}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The series deals with the experiences of an urban engineering graduate, unfamiliar with village cultures, who on completing his degree gets a low-salary position as a secretary of a [[Gram panchayat]] in a remote village called Phulera in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/jitendra-kumar-reunites-with-neena-gupta-in-web-series-panchayat-watch-trailer-1661296-2020-03-30|title=Jitendra Kumar reunites with Neena Gupta in web series Panchayat|date=March 30, 2020|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331182620/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/jitendra-kumar-reunites-with-neena-gupta-in-web-series-panchayat-watch-trailer-1661296-2020-03-30|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast and characters==
{| style="text-align:center"
! style="background:#d3d3d3;" | Portrayed by
! style="background:#d3d3d3;" | Character
! style="background:#d3d3d3;" | 1
! style="background:#d3d3d3;" | 2
! style="background:#d3d3d3;" | 3
! style="background:#d3d3d3;" | 4
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Jitendra Kumar]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Abhishek Tripathi
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Main
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Raghubir Yadav]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Brij Bhushan Dubey
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Neena Gupta]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Manju Devi
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Faisal Malik]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Prahlad Pandey
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Chandan Roy]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Vikas Shukla
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Sanvikaa]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Rinki Dubey
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Main
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Durgesh Kumar]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Bhushan Sharma "Banrakas"
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Ashok Pathak]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Binod
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
| rowspan="4" style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Main
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Sunita Rajwar]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Kranti Devi
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Bulloo Kumar
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | Madhav Jasoos
|-
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | [[Pankaj Jha]]
| style="background:#c8ffcc;" | MLA Chandra Kishore Singh
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Tripti Sahu
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Khushboo Shukla
| style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| colspan="3" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Kirandeep Kaur
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Chitra Singh
| colspan="2" style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| colspan="2" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Gaurav Singh
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Chuttan Singh
| colspan="4" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | [[Aasif Khan]]
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Ganesh
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
| style="background:#ffeeba;" | Special
| colspan="2" style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Subendhu Chakraborty
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Mangal
| colspan="4" rowspan="6" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Shrikant Verma
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Parmeshwar
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Diwakar Dhyani
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Sudhir Jaiswal (BDO)
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Sushil Tondon
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Bhindeshwar
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Ankit Motghare
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Theka (Shopkeeper)
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Sandeep Shikhar
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Deenbandhu
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | [[Rajesh Jais]]
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Virendra Gupta (BDO)
| style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| colspan="3" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Shiv Swaroop
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Rahul
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#cce5ff;" | Recurring
|-
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Abha Sharma
| style="background:#cce5ff;" | Damyanti Devi "Ammaji"
|-
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | Saansad ji
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| rowspan="2" style="background:#f8d7da;" | Guest
| style="background:#ffeeba;" | Special
|-
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | [[Saad bilgami|Saad Bilgrami]]
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | Aditya
| style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
|-
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]]
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | Manju Devi's father
| style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | Guest
|-
| style="background:#ffeeba;" | [[Biswapati Sarkar]]
| style="background:#ffeeba;" | Prateek
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffeeba;" | Special
| colspan="2" style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
|-
| style="background:#ffeeba;" | Satish Ray
| style="background:#ffeeba;" | Siddharth "Siddhu" Gupta
| colspan="3" style="background:#ffeeba;" | Special
| style="background:#e2e3e5;" | None
|}
''Source''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/raghubir-yadav-on-panchayat-the-script-has-captured-the-real-essence-of-a-village-1663954-2020-04-06|title=Raghubir Yadav on Panchayat: The script has captured the real essence of a village|date=April 6, 2020|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612065945/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/raghubir-yadav-on-panchayat-the-script-has-captured-the-real-essence-of-a-village-1663954-2020-04-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/neena-gupta-on-panchayat-i-didnt-think-anyone-will-watch-the-series-2208976|title=Neena Gupta On Panchayat: "I Didn't Think Anyone Will Watch The Series"|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612065942/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/neena-gupta-on-panchayat-i-didnt-think-anyone-will-watch-the-series-2208976|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zestvine.com/sanvikaa-rinki-panchayat/|title=Meet Beautiful Sanvikaa Pooja Singh From Panchayat Web Series – Rinki|date=2022-06-05|website=Zestvine|language=en-US|access-date=2022-06-20|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629093441/https://www.zestvine.com/sanvikaa-rinki-panchayat/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecinemaholic.com/panchayat-amazon-prime/|title=Panchayat Season 2: Will it Happen?|date=2020-04-16|website=TheCinemaholic|language=en-US|access-date=2022-02-19|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219150647/https://thecinemaholic.com/panchayat-amazon-prime/|url-status=live |last1=Patel |first1=Varun }}</ref>

==Episodes==
===Overview===
{{Series overview
| color1 = #000000
| link1 = Panchayat (TV series)#Season 1 (2020)
| episodes1 = 8
| released1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
| color2 = #383554
| link2 = Panchayat (TV series)#Season 2 (2022)
| episodes2 = 8
| released2 = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
| color3 = #7695D7
| link3 = Panchayat (TV series)#Season 3 (2024)
| episodes3 = 8
| released3 = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
| color4 = #5FA777
| link4 = Panchayat (TV series)#Season 4 (2025)
| episodes4 = 8
| released4 = {{Start date|2025|6|24|df=yes}}
}}

=== Season 1 (2020) ===
{{Episode table|background=#000000 |overall=|title=|writer=|director=Deepak Kumar Mishra|airdate=3 July 2020|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Gram Panchayat Phulera
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek Tripathi is a fresh engineering graduate who has not been placed in his final year. With only a job offer of a panchayat secretary, he tries to give it a shot as there is no other option left after graduating. He reaches Phulera and meets the former village chief (husband of the current village chief), the deputy chief and his office assistant. When Abhishek reaches Phulera, the doors of the panchayat office are locked and the keys missing. By the time the doors are opened (blown from the frame), the situation inside the office room turns him down. Abhishek decides that he needs to switch his job at the earliest and the only way to do so is by cracking the CAT (Common Admission Test) and taking admission in one of the IIMs.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Bhootha Ped
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek, working as panchayat secretary, is also preparing for CAT after office hours. He has arranged for emergency lights as there is a power shutdown in the village every night. He plans to install a solar-powered light in the panchayat office from the total lights allotted. His plan is thwarted when one of the panchayat members suggests installing the light at a place called Bhootha Ped (haunted tree) which will help the Pradhan garner votes in the upcoming election. Abhishek now undertakes the mission to uncover the truth.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Chakke Wali Kursi
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek buys a comfy revolving chair since working and studying in the crude plastic chairs proved quite uncomfortable. This chair soon becomes a bone of contention between him and the Pradhan, who feels diminished in the eyes of the people compared to Abhishek since he does not possess a fancy chair. The Pradhan hatches an elaborate plan to spirit the chair away from Abhishek, which culminates in Abhishek having to give away his chair to a disgruntled bridegroom to placate him for swearing at him.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Hamara Neta Kaisa Ho?
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek is instructed by the BDO to put up family planning slogans. Since this is a pet project of the DM, he threatens him with disciplinary action if the work is not done on time. Abhishek gets the slogans painted and then walks around with Pradhan, Prahlad and Vikas to check on the work. The second slogan, "Do bacche meethi Kheer, do se jyaada bawaseer" compares children born, after the first two, to a case of piles which provokes a strong reaction among villagers who have more than 2 kids. This puts Pradhan in a tough position since they all threaten to vote against him at the next election and he has the slogan removed. Manju Devi calls out the Pradhan on his weak leadership. Pradhan sees a picture of Sardar Patel and gets inspired. He has Abhishek call a meeting of the ward and tells the gathering that he stands by the slogan. Prahlad and Vikas also support the Pradhan. Abhishek tells the Panchayat that they should tell anyone offended by the slogan that it is like a warning on a cigarette packet that is meant to offend and scare. Pradhan instructs Vikas to put the slogan back. After the meeting, the BDO calls Abhishek to tell him that the piles' slogan was not mandatory after a father of 6 in another village, offended by the slogan, burnt down the Panchayat office. Abhishek asks Pradhan if he wants to reconsider his decision but the Pradhan, inspired by Sardar Patel says that his decision is final.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Computer Nahi Monitor
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Frustrated by the lack of nightlife in the village, Abhishek decides to drink beer but forgets to lock the door of his room and finds his monitor stolen from the panchayat office the next morning. A furious Pradhan reprimands Abhishek for being careless and asks him to find new accommodation. Abhishek and Prahlad lodge an FIR at the local police station. A police officer arrives later at the panchayat office and suspects Abhishek of stealing the monitor for money. The officer along with Pradhan and others interrogates an irritated Abhishek who then explains his frustration because of his village routine and lonely life. Abhishek's outburst convinces Pradhan of his innocence. That night, Pradhan arranges a party along with Prahlad and Vikas to cheer Abhishek up. The next morning, Abhishek finds his stolen monitor returned, with a note saying the monitor was mistaken for a television.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Bahot Hua Samman
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek is having his photograph taken for the exam and Vikas gets into a verbal altercation with two men trying to sit on Abhishek's bike. The men threaten to "fix" him when he shows up to get his photos the next day. Vikas wants to involve Pradhan in this but Abhishek stops him. The next day when he goes to pick up his photos, the photographer says that since he got into a tussle with men from his village, he is supporting them and he has deleted his pics. The men call him at night to taunt him. Now Abhishek has to take Pradhan's help to resolve the matter.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Ladka Tez Hai Lekin..
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Pradhanji fixed his daughter's marriage to a guy whose family demanded 20 lakh rupees as dowry. When Pradhanji asked Abhishek about the situation he told him he won't take dowry from anyone even if he would get a good salary which impresses Pradhanji. Then he started testing Abhishek's ability whether he'll crack the CAT examination or not, meanwhile a couple is fighting over their son's name which Abhishek suggested. Finally, Pradhanji decided to ask Abhishek about marriage by letting her daughter choose any finger between the two, The same way the arguing couple decides their son's name. But, on the day of the examination, Pradhanji and Vikas found that Abhishek's exam had not gone well. So he has no option but to change his decision.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Jab Jaago Tabhi Savera
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek is not in a good mood even after 2 months of his CAT examination, Vikas tries to cheer him up. Abhishek vents out all his frustrations on him and later apologizes. Somedays before Republic Day Manju Devi taunts Abhishek for not clearing the CAT examination, where he taunts back as Manju Devi is the actual Pradhan but, every year Pradhanji hosted the flag ceremony. This prompted Manju Devi to learn the National anthem of India as she decided to host the flag ceremony, but fails to remember the National anthem. On the day of Republic Day, the District Magistrate notices the banner as Pradhanji has a larger image and decides to go as an inquiry, where she is about to suspend Abhishek. Manju Devi arrives. Then she hosted the flag ceremony and everyone celebrates. Abhishek realised his mistake and decided to try one more year for the CAT examination. At last, he climbs on the water tank as his colleagues suggested earlier to fall in love with the village, where he meets Rinki, the daughter of Pradhanji as the episode comes to an end. It is hinted that Abhishek is attracted towards Rinki, which confirms the saying that he would indeed fall in love.
|LineColor = #000000
}}
}}

=== Season 2 (2022) ===
{{Episode table|background=#383554 |overall=|title=|writer=|director=Deepak Kumar Mishra|airdate=|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Naach
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary = Prahlad and Vikas suspect that Abhishek and Rinki are involved with each other, based on Abhishek's unusual happiness after drinking tea on the water tanker. Meanwhile, at the pond digging site, soil is being dug out to be sold to Parmeshwar but Pradhan is not able to negotiate well because of his closeness with Parmeshwar. Abhishek comes up with a plan to make Manju Devi bargain instead of Pradhan since she's very blunt and a better negotiator. After the negotiations, Parmeshwar realises the plan and confronts them and leaves abruptly. In an effort to save the deal, Abhishek, Prahlad & Vikas go to his factory to look for him and eventually find him at the local dance. During the dance, Parmeshwar finds out that one of the two dancers is a man in disguise, and that makes the crowd go berserk and ends up hurting the other dancer in the subsequent violence. Just as the trio reaches the dance, Parmeshwar asks them to help out the girl who had been injured, Abhishek is tasked to take her to the dispensary. When the girl points out that he is actually reluctant to continue with a job he doesn't like, Abhishek dismisses Vikas and Prahlad, who abandon the thought of Abhishek being involved with Rinki.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Bol Chaal Band
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary =
Due to lagging village development work, Bhushan stands up against Pradhan due to his past grudge and questions Abhishek about his loyalty, labelling him a bootlicker. Abhishek consults his friend Siddharth, who advises him to maintain distance from Pradhan. Later Bhushan catches Abhishek at the temple while he is taking signatures from Manju Devi. Pradhan doubts Abhishek after being ignored and rushes to the office to know the truth. Pradhan invites Abhishek to Rinki's birthday celebration. There, he reveals how Bhushan troubled him. Later, Abhishek confronts Bhushan, who flees after Pradhan, Prahlad and Vikas confront him.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Kranti
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary = Even as the installation of toilets takes place in the village at his behest, Abhishek receives word from the BDO that the DM would be visiting Phulera since somebody has tipped off her office that the village was falsely accorded an open-defaecation-free status. With Pradhan, Vikas and Prahlad on alert, the gang soon learns that Bhushan has instigated a rebellion through a man who unfortunately couldn't get a toilet installed at his home. Abhishek tasks Vikas and Prahlad with the prevention of the rebellion, fully aware that Bhushan could misuse Pradhan's lack of public hygiene against the gang.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Tension
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary =
An anti-alcoholism public announcement car is to go through the village but Vikas and Abhishek discover that the driver himself is heavily drunk. Despite insisting that he will be fine, he skids off the road and they are forced to take him to the panchayat office. They are unable to call either Prahlad, whose son Rahul, an army officer posted in Kashmir, is in town on a holiday, or Pradhan ji, who is meeting Rinki's prospective groom and his family at lunch, for help. Due to confusion about the venue, Pradhan Ji's family and the groom's family end up in different restaurants and despite having made a prior reservation, Pradhan is told to come to the other place and the groom's family ends up insulting him. They decide to leave, realizing marrying Rinki into that family will be a mistake as they do not respect them. Meanwhile, Abhishek and Vikas try to sober up the driver, who later says that he doesn't earn enough and warns Abhishek of the same alcoholic fate. At the end of the day, the gang ends up drinking anyway and lightens up, while the driver sobers up and leaves.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Jaise Ko Taisa
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek gets CCTV cameras installed in a few corners of Phulera. A farmer tries to use the camera recordings in order to trace his missing goat. Fate seems to have a trick up their sleeve, though, when Manju Devi mistakenly switches her slippers with those of Bhushan's wife Kranti. Bhushan threatens Abhishek and Vikas with an FIR on grounds of "blatant abuse of power" upon seeing the goof-up, and the duo visit Pradhan and Manju, requesting them to settle the matter. While there, Abhishek realizes that Bhushan has been scheming to report the gang in complete reliance on the CCTV footage. He then stages a plot to return the slippers to Kranti in a polybag, but it hits her head; while Abhishek angrily deletes the footage on seeing through Bhushan's notorious designs in the presence of the group, everyone is forced to visit Pradhan's house all of a sudden whence it turns out that Manju Devi had a scuffle with Kranti; the latter threatens to run for office next year, even pulling Abhishek, who is clearly on the side of the Pradhan's family.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Aukaat
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary = A desperate Pradhan Ji makes an attempt to fulfil his biggest election promise of building a healthy road on the highway link. The local MLA, Chandra Kishore Singh, sends Pradhan, Prahlad and Vikas to a protest over the rails. The trio gets arrested in the process, and Abhishek bails them out. They make plans to invite the MLA to Phulera for voter support. Chandra Kishore, however, is unimpressed and swears harshly at Abhishek when he tries to defend the trio's release, claiming that the MLA would have earned some publicity in exchange for the funds Pradhan demanded to construct the road. Abhishek, feeling disturbed, eventually calms down after Rinki texts him, asking him to let go.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Dost Yaar
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary = Siddharth decides to surprise Abhishek by visiting Phulera for a day. Meanwhile, Prahlad, Vikas and Pradhan Ji collect funds for the 3-day kirtan planned in the village. Eventually bored, the group decides to have beer in the fields. While there, the topic of inviting the MLA to a religious congregation comes up, which Abhishek takes strong exception to, revealing how he was hurt due to Pradhan Ji not standing up for him when the MLA abused him and reminding him of the times he has stood up for him; he loudly wonders whether Pradhan Ji even truly considers him a friend, and leaves with Siddharth abruptly. Later, the two of them decide to have a beer anyway, only to discover a snake there. They call Prahlad, Vikas and Pradhan Ji for help and they arrive promptly, scouring the office and concluding the snake has left. Later Pradhan Ji hosts them both for the night, and Abhishek reconciles with him, saying he is fine with the MLA visiting.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Parivaar

|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|18}}
|ShortSummary = Pradhan prepares for the religious congregation, donating Rs.20000. Bhushan, after knowing Pradhan is boasting about his donation for politics, decides to provide his tent services for free. Meanwhile, the gang decides to have a beer in the office left from the other day. Siddharth also joins the gang via a video call. Prahlad is suddenly cut short through a call informing him that Rahul is martyred. A wave of sorrow engulfs Phulera, with Bhushan and Kranti also abandoning their vendetta against Pradhan and Manju Devi in the process. Upon learning that Chandra Kishore would be visiting Phulera for a sympathy tribute, Pradhan instructs Manju Devi, who, with assistance from Kranti and the women of the village, succeeds in blocking his convoy; Manju Devi then tells him that he has no right to pay any respects to Rahul after disrespecting Prahlad, his father and that he must go back to where he came from. As he reels from the blow to his ego, Chandra Kishore assumes that Abhishek is the reason behind all this and vengefully vows to have him transferred. Meanwhile, Prahlad is heartbroken as the villagers assemble for a funeral. After remaining aloof and alone for 3 days, Prahlad is visited by Pradhan, Vikas and Abhishek. As Prahlad breaks into tears, Pradhan, Vikas and Abhishek comfort and console him.

The episode ends with a post-credits scene wherein Manju Devi and Rinki receive a letter and, on opening and reading it, conclude that it is a transfer order for Abhishek, who is unaware, just akin to the women, that it is under duress from Chandra Kishore.
|LineColor = #383554
}}
}}

===Season 3 (2024)===
{{Episode table|background=#7695D7|overall=b|title=b|director=Deepak Kumar Mishra|writer=b|airdate=b|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Rangbaazi
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = Pradhanji's desperate attempt to prevent Abhishek's impending transfer intensifies the conflict between the Pradhanji's supporters and the new secretary who has arrived in the village touting the MLAs support . Bhushan with his cronies Vinod and Madhav try to help the new secretary setup. A grieving Prahlad finds it difficult to make peace with his new reality. The MLA gets arrested on charges of slaughtering and eating a dog and the panchayat uses this to throw out the new secretary and bring back Abhishek.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Gaddha
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek returns with the resolve of staying away from the village politics. Fearing the loss of public reputation, Pradhan and Manju Devi need Abhishek's help to handle a rebel.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Ghar Ya Eent-Patthar?
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = After Bhushan senses an opportunity to attack Pradhan, Abhishek jumps into damage control mode. Prahlad doesn't like the way Pradhan uses Abhishek for political benefit. Prahlad shows an elderly village woman the importance of family in her last years.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Atma Manthan
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = The final blow to Pradhan's reputation comes after he gets accused of partiality in a welfare scheme implementation. Meanwhile, Bhushan allies with the MLA to topple Pradhan's rule. A rift develops between the residents of the eastern and western halves of the village .
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Shanti Samjhauta
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = Manju Devi reluctantly agrees to Bhushan's proposal of entering into a peace agreement with the MLA. Abhishek too gives his nod as it's impossible to get the road built without MLA's support. The MLA provides specific instructions to the village for the day of his arrival in the village, including a peculiar request to release a dove as a peace symbol. Abhishek and Vikas go to local Bam Bahadur for the bird and find he only has pigeons and decide to make do with it. The MLA arrives on the day of the truce to smooth things over with his daughter. He deliberately sidelines Manju Devi and Pradhan in favour of Bhushan's squad. As he is about to release the pigeon with Bhushan, the pigeon dies, engraging Bam Bahadur who calls the MLA a killer of animals, causing him to flee the village in a panic.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Chingaari
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = To fix their dented image, the Pradhan gang sets a trap to capitalize on a lethal mistake committed by the MLA. Amidst all the political chaos, an unexpected news brings joy to the Pradhan gang. The Pradhan shows his ability to unify the village in order to protect one of their own from the MLA's threats.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Shola
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = The MLA puts out a hit on one of the village residents. The village retaliates against the MLA's actions by planning on buying his horse under false pretenses - through Parmeshwar's son-in-law.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Hamla
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|5|28}}
|ShortSummary = Finally, Pradhan rallies the whole Phulera behind him to fight one last battle for glory. Abhishek finds himself too deep into the murky waters of village politics and loses his objectivity. The MLA is persuaded by the District Magistrate and Assembly Speaker to drop the matter. Finally, unknown gunmen attempt to kill the Pradhan. He survives and is admitted to the hospital. An angry Abhishek fights the MLA and his goons when they visit the hospital. The episode ends with all of them detained by the police.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}}}

=== Season 4 (2025) ===
{{Episode table|background=#7695D7|overall=b|title=b|director=Deepak Kumar Mishra,Akshat Vijayvargiya|writer=b|airdate=b|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Case-Mukadma
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra, Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = Abhishek fears the police case for slapping Bhushan could ruin his career. Drunk and frustrated, he vents and tries to apologise, hoping Bhushan will drop the case. But Bhushan has other plans because he wants Abhishek’s help to clear his name in the Pradhan shooting. The situation escalates when the MLA also gets involved in the deal.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Zakhm
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra, Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = Pradhan, a survivor of an "assassination" attempt, tries to leverage sympathy as he kicks off his election campaign. His team organises a public event where he cleans a dirty village spot despite being wounded. Meanwhile, Bhushan’s camp makes a pre-emptive strike to steal Pradhan’s thunder and gain the upper hand.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Vachan
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra, Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = After noticing a crack in Bhushan’s camp, Pradhan sees an opportunity to weaken his rival. Following his instructions, his team tries to break the unity of Bhushan’s camp by targeting one of his key loyalists. But the plan does not go as smoothly as hoped. Loyalties run deep, and winning him over proves more difficult than expected.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Shakti Pradarshan
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra, Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = While Pradhan and Manju Devi prepare for a grand nomination, Bhushan and the MLA hatch a plan to humiliate Pradhan's family in front of the villagers. Acting on a secret tip, a team of government officials pays a surprise visit to members of Pradhan’s camp.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Ashirvaad
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra, Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = A few days before the election, Manju Devi's father visits Phulera to bless his daughter. During a door-to-door campaign, a physical altercation breaks out between rival camps after Kranti Devi insults Khushbu, Vikas’s pregnant wife, deeply offending both Prahlad and Vikas.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Sanjeevani
|DirectedBy = Deepak Kumar Mishra, Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = Jealous of Bhushan gaining strong support in the village, Pradhan’s camp grows anxious. A temporary reprieve comes when the local MP, the MLA’s superior, offers a chance to solve their problems. However, this opportunity comes with a twist, creating a moral dilemma among the camp members, especially Prahlad.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Dramabaaz
|DirectedBy = Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = Just before election day, the local electricity transformer malfunctions, causing a power outage across the village. Pradhan’s camp scrambles to get it repaired but faces a dilemma when they learn where the electrician is from. Meanwhile, Bhushan’s camp prepares to deliver the final blow to Pradhan’s campaign.
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Dabdaba
|DirectedBy = Akshat Vijaywargiya
|WrittenBy = Chandan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|6|24}}
|ShortSummary = As Abhishek plans his next move after receiving his CAT results, Pradhan’s family anxiously awaits the election outcome. The advance order of sweets becomes both a topic of conversation and a subtle display of confidence. While both factions try to project strength before the villagers, the MLA keeps a sharp eye on Phulera’s political future. Manju Devi loses the panchayat election by 73 votes making Abhishek stay in phuelra difficult creating a suspense and paving way for the season finale
|LineColor = #7695D7
}}}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In late 2019, [[The Viral Fever]] signed a deal with the streaming platform [[Amazon Prime Video]] to produce a new [[streaming television]] series for their platform, after the success of their previous collaboration ''Hostel Daze''. Sameer Saxena, the creative head of TVF picked Chandan Kumar and Deepak Kumar Mishra to script the show and direct the series. Mishra earlier directed theatre shows and drama in the past, and in his meeting with the founder and then-creative head of TVF, [[Arunabh Kumar]], he expressed his interest in scripting, acting, and direction. Later, he went on to direct the respective second season of ''[[Permanent Roommates]]'' and [[The Viral Fever#Humorously Yours (2016-present)|Humorously Yours]]. This was his first maiden attempt at directing a full-fledged streaming series for the media.

Mishra drew inspiration from the classic [[Doordarshan]] shows ''[[Malgudi Days (TV series)|Malgudi Days]]'', ''[[Potli Baba Ki]]'', ''[[Swami (disambiguation)|Swami]]'' and ''Tenali Rama'', and decided to make one of them relatable to the current scenario stating that the kinds of shows are not present in this period. He and Chandan did extensive research and travelled across villages for an idea about the script, which was progressed in 2017, but had been delayed due to the research work. Chandan finally drafted the script whose one-line is about an engineering graduate who joins a low-paid salary job in a remote village and initially titled ''SDO Saheb'', before they changed the title to ''Panchayat''.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=Villages are not as they are shown on screen, says the man behind Panchayat|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/villages-are-not-as-they-are-shown-on-screen-says-the-man-behind-panchayat/story-6oOrmwfK8RUnS0NJNU9WBI.html|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722230911/https://www.hindustantimes.com/villages-are-not-as-they-are-shown-on-screen-says-the-man-behind-panchayat/story-6oOrmwfK8RUnS0NJNU9WBI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=We wanted to show realism. Usually, villagers are portrayed as 'bhole-bhale' log (simple people), who are ignorant and are shown in a very strange way. People raised their fingers saying that our story was slow, took time to sink in, and without any action, or a leading lady. But my writer and I were clear that we wanted to show a village in 2020 and probably the audience liked that realism. Today's rural youth is watching [[YouTube]] on mobile, they make [[TikTok]] videos, on 'khaprail' (clay-tiled) roofs they have dish antennas, flat-screen TVs are fitted on mud walls...so it's a different world now!|source=Deepak Kumar Mishra, on the conceptualisation of the show ''Panchayat'' in an interview with ''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/villages-are-not-as-they-are-shown-on-screen-says-the-man-behind-panchayat/story-6oOrmwfK8RUnS0NJNU9WBI.html|title=Villages are not as they are shown on screen, says the man behind Panchayat|work=Hindustan Times |date=21 July 2020|access-date=25 February 2021|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722230911/https://www.hindustantimes.com/villages-are-not-as-they-are-shown-on-screen-says-the-man-behind-panchayat/story-6oOrmwfK8RUnS0NJNU9WBI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

=== Casting ===
For the main character Abhishek Tripathi, Sameer Saxena picked [[Jitendra Kumar]], who opined that his similarities to the character of the protagonist and the regular collaborations with TVF made it possible. His character had strong similarities with that of Mohan Bhargav, portrayed by [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in the 2004 film ''[[Swades]]''.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=Panchayat review: Jitendra Kumar takes over from Shah Rukh Khan in this quirky desi drama|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-takes-over-from-shah-rukh-khan-in-this-quirky-desi-drama/story-XyURlVj5gUOGLHoay21DFI.html|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228203620/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-takes-over-from-shah-rukh-khan-in-this-quirky-desi-drama/story-XyURlVj5gUOGLHoay21DFI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> About the contrast differences Kumar stated that "The comparisons were inevitable. But I am very happy about it, as I am a huge fan of the film. It left a deep impact on me. I even have a framed poster of the film — the one with SRK sitting in a boat surrounded by local villagers — in my home itself".<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-16|title=Would get stressed about being typecast: Panchayat actor Jitendra Kumar|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/id-get-stressed-about-being-typecast-but-now-i-enjoy-it-panchayat-actor-jitendra-kumar-6363928/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119132638/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/id-get-stressed-about-being-typecast-but-now-i-enjoy-it-panchayat-actor-jitendra-kumar-6363928/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Neena Gupta]] plays the role of Manju Devi, the village Pradhan, and a homemaker. She initially accepted the script on the basis of the response to TVF's previous projects as well as their collaboration with [[Raghubir Yadav]] and Jitendra (in her second collaboration after ''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]'', in which she played the latter's mother character).<ref>{{cite web|last=Khan|first=Murtaza Ali|date=2020-04-20|title=Panchayat deals with a refreshingly new subject: Neena Gupta|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/panchayat-deals-with-a-refreshingly-new-subject-neena-gupta|access-date=2021-02-25|website=National Herald|language=en|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421045155/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/panchayat-deals-with-a-refreshingly-new-subject-neena-gupta|url-status=live}}</ref> Yadav played the role of Brij Bhushan Dubey, husband of Manju Devi, and on the connection with his co-star, he stated "It was a great experience to work with Neena Gupta. She used to get into the character entirely. With her, it didn't feel we are here for acting".<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=Panchayat actor Raghubir Yadav: With Neena Gupta as a co-star, it didn't feel like we were acting|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-raghubir-yadav-neena-gupta-amazon-prime-video-tvf-6343175/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119131815/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-raghubir-yadav-neena-gupta-amazon-prime-video-tvf-6343175/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Yadav's student [[Chandan Roy]] played the role of Vikas, the office assistant. He initially confessed that he used to go to auditions every day and one of his friends at the casting bay called him for a small role in the series, which was supposed to be shot in a single day. He initially travelled to Bhopal to shoot for the same series and met one of the assistants in TVF, where the creative team sent a script for Vikas and also got the role, whereas Deepak Kumar Mishra shot the one-day portion which was initially offered to Roy.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-19|title=Chandan Roy: Panchayat's set was like a school for me|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-chandan-roy-playing-vikas-6366449/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808142342/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-chandan-roy-playing-vikas-6366449/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The series was shot in a real panchayat office located at [[Mahodiya]] Village, [[Sehore district]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], whereas the script was set in a fictional backdrop in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|date=2020-04-10|title=It was a challenge shooting in a remote village: Jitendra Kumar shares his experiences about 'Panchayat'|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/it-was-a-challenge-shooting-in-a-remote-village-jitendra-kumar-shares-his-experiences-about-panchayat|access-date=2021-02-25|website=National Herald|language=en|archive-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525112300/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/it-was-a-challenge-shooting-in-a-remote-village-jitendra-kumar-shares-his-experiences-about-panchayat|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the lead actor Jitendra Kumar, the series was shot in the month of March and April 2019, which wrapped within two months.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=April 4, 2020|first=Suhani|last=Singh|title=Jitendra Kumar: Every aspiring actor should work with Neena Gupta|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/jitendra-kumar-every-aspiring-actor-should-work-with-neena-gupta-1663252-2020-04-04|access-date=2021-02-26|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330000554/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/jitendra-kumar-every-aspiring-actor-should-work-with-neena-gupta-1663252-2020-04-04|url-status=live}}</ref> However he opined as, during the time period, the temperature was extremely hot and was difficult to shoot, further adding that it was a tough time for the crew members who were 150 in number, as many used to stand in the fields holding umbrellas or lights.<ref name=":0" /> Raghubir Yadav eventually said about shooting in real locations, stating that "It turned out to be really well as the aesthetics and the vivid hues of the village life can be clearly seen in the show."<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-16|title=Raghubir Yadav On How Shooting At Real Locations Helped In Keeping Panchayat Realistic|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/raghubir-yadav-on-how-shooting-at-real-locations-helped-in-keeping-panchayat-realistic-2580295.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811142300/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/raghubir-yadav-on-how-shooting-at-real-locations-helped-in-keeping-panchayat-realistic-2580295.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Jitendra stated "My initial understanding of a panchayat was a big tree with five PANCH or sarpanch and other people sitting in its shade. They are usually fighting over a land dispute and come up with a solution right there. But actually, a Panchayat is like an office and every panchayat follows a process. The show talks about the problems of villagers which appear to be very funny for us."<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-04|title=Jitendra Kumar: 'Ayushmann Khurrana, Neena Gupta bring a lot of positive energy on the sets'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/jitendra-kumar-ayushmann-khurrana-neena-gupta-bring-a-lot-of-positive-energy-on-the-sets/story-8L1uVgGpOUTfujsQx8I10I.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228203614/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/jitendra-kumar-ayushmann-khurrana-neena-gupta-bring-a-lot-of-positive-energy-on-the-sets/story-8L1uVgGpOUTfujsQx8I10I.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Location===
The series was filmed at a real panchayat office in [[Mahodiya]], [[Sehore district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], located about 40 km from [[Bhopal]]. It marked Deepak Kumar Mishra’s first full-length directorial project following his work on the second seasons of ''[[Permanent Roommates]]'' and ''Humorously Yours!''.<ref name=":2" /> The soundtrack and background score were composed by [[Anurag Saikia]], while cinematography and editing were handled by [[Amitabha Singh]] and Amit Kulkarni, respectively.

== Soundtrack ==

[[Anurag Saikia]] composed the soundtrack and background score for Panchayat. The background score and songs include the use of acoustic guitars, a pianist, an accordion, and the kora, despite the setting in rural India. Saikia initially noted that "The creative producer Abhijeet Singh Parmar wanted 'anything but the usual music,' So we initially tried symphony, then rock, and even jazz. The music for episode one took a month or two to be locked in. Once that was in place, we decided to keep the music acoustic and minimalist".<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|title='Anything but the usual music': Anurag Saikia on his tunes for 'Panchayat' and love for borgeet|url=https://scroll.in/reel/958769/anything-but-the-usual-music-anurag-saikia-on-his-tunes-for-panchayat-and-love-for-borgeet|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Scroll.in|date=12 April 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226192626/https://scroll.in/reel/958769/anything-but-the-usual-music-anurag-saikia-on-his-tunes-for-panchayat-and-love-for-borgeet|url-status=live}}</ref>

He initially added that the biggest challenge for him is to feature an ambient sort of music, with a bit of rock. However, the score featured only acoustic instruments. Saikia, in an interview with ''[[Scroll.in]]'' opined that "When an entire score for a scene got chucked, I had to bring the musicians back to the studio, and they often played for the same scene thrice a week. This happened with the theme that is used to introduce the village pradhan's husband."<ref name=":1" />

One of the songs in the series ''Hiya Tho'', was received positively by the audience for producing a soulful tune with gibberish lyrics. The word "Hiya", stands for heart in Assamese. Due to his early exposure to Assamese and Western classical music, Anurag Saikia stated that "the song is inspired by the chants we have grown up hearing in monasteries in the North East". He recruited fellow Assamese singer [[Shankuraj Konwar]] for vocal duties since he would understand the song's Assamese roots.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-08-20|title=Hear Composer Anurag Saikia Meld Prog and Assamese Folk on 'Kukuha' -|url=https://firstpost.com/anurag-saikia-assamese-folk-kukuha-song/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Firstpost|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The original soundtrack album for the series was unveiled on 10 April 2020, followed by the original score on 1 May 2020. The soundtrack features five songs and theme music, all have been performed and written by Saikia, whereas Vivek Hariharan, Raghav Chaitanya, Vinnie Hutton, and Shankuraj Konwar sang the vocals.<ref>{{Citation|title=Panchayat (Music from the Series) - EP by Anurag Saikia|date=10 April 2020|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/panchayat-music-from-the-series-ep/1504859475|language=en-gb|access-date=2021-02-26|archive-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525001701/https://music.apple.com/in/album/panchayat-music-from-the-series-ep/1504859475|url-status=live}}</ref> The background score which released as a separate album format features sixteen tracks{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length3 = 3:59
| length6 =
| all_writing =
| length10 =
| total_length = 12:18
| title1 = Pasa Phenk
| extra1 = [[Anurag Saikia]], Vivek Hariharan
| length1 = 2:38
| title2 = Paheli
| extra2 = Anurag Saikia, Raghav Chaitanya
| length2 = 2:53
| title3 = Hiya Tho
| extra3 = Anurag Saikia, Shankuraj Konwar
| title4 = I'm Happy
| title5 = Panchayat Title
| extra4 = Anurag Saikia, Vinnie Hutton
| headline = ''Panchayat'' (Music from the Series)
| length4 = 1:43
| extra5 = Anurag Saikia
| length5 = 1:03
| title6 =
| title7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length7 =
}}{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| length13 = 2:53
| length10 = 1:01
| title11 = Chauraaha
| length11 = 1:34
| title12 = Thokar
| length12 = 1:05
| title13 = Ghar Se Door Ek Ghar
| title14 = Naaga Naach
| length9 = 0:41
| length14 = 1;13
| total_length = 25:03
| title15 = Paagal Sala
| title16 = Chal Chala Chal
| length15 = 2:37
| length16 = 0:58
| title10 = Lauh Purush
| title9 = Naya Safar
| title1 = Aur Kitna Dhoor?
| length4 = 0:56
| length1 = 2:16
| title2 = Anjaan Galiyaan
| length2 = 0:54
| title3 = Ab Kya?
| length3 = 1:11
| title4 = Duniya Gol Hai
| title5 = Chhoti Chhoti Kushiyaan
| length8 = 1:53
| length5 = 1:50
| title6 = Ek Akela Ped
| length6 = 2:40
| title7 = Is Raat Ki Subha Nahi
| length7 = 1:12
| title8 = Baat Us Raat Khi
| headline = ''Panchayat'' (Original Score from the Series)
}}

==Release==

=== Season 1 ===
Amazon Prime Video announced the release of eight new Indian originals in January 2020,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-20|title=Amazon Prime Video India 2020 slate includes second seasons of Made In Heaven, Mirzapur; Abhishek Bachchan's digital debut Breathe 2|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amazon-prime-video-india-2020-slate-includes-second-seasons-of-made-in-heaven-mirzapur-abhishek-bachchans-digital-debut-breathe-2-7932281.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Firstpost|archive-date=21 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821144835/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amazon-prime-video-india-2020-slate-includes-second-seasons-of-made-in-heaven-mirzapur-abhishek-bachchans-digital-debut-breathe-2-7932281.html|url-status=live}}</ref> with ''Panchayat'' being one of them.<ref>{{cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Amazon Prime Video will launch eight new Indian original series for 2020|url=https://scroll.in/reel/950510/amazon-prime-video-will-launch-eight-new-indian-original-series-for-2020|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Scroll.in|date=20 January 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616124516/https://scroll.in/reel/950510/amazon-prime-video-will-launch-eight-new-indian-original-series-for-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The official trailer of ''Panchayat'' was released on 29 March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-03-30|title=Panchayat trailer: Jitendra Kumar and Neena Gupta reunite for Amazon Prime Video series|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-trailer-jitendra-kumar-and-neena-gupta-reunite-for-amazon-prime-video-series-watch-video-6338803/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=21 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821144855/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-trailer-jitendra-kumar-and-neena-gupta-reunite-for-amazon-prime-video-series-watch-video-6338803/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 30, 2020|title=Jitendra Kumar reunites with Neena Gupta in web series Panchayat. Watch trailer|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/jitendra-kumar-reunites-with-neena-gupta-in-web-series-panchayat-watch-trailer-1661296-2020-03-30|access-date=2021-02-26|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331182620/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/jitendra-kumar-reunites-with-neena-gupta-in-web-series-panchayat-watch-trailer-1661296-2020-03-30|url-status=live}}</ref> The eight-episode series premiered on 3 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trance, Rocketman, 4 More Shots Please, and More on Prime Video in April|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/prime-video-april-2020-releases-trance-movie-rocketman-four-more-shots-please-2-hit-2203131|access-date=2021-02-26|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=30 March 2020|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117025608/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/prime-video-april-2020-releases-trance-movie-rocketman-four-more-shots-please-2-hit-2203131|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|date=2020-04-17|title=Small town swag: Why shows like 'Panchayat', 'Gullak' and 'Hasmukh' are striking a connect with audiences today|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/why-shows-based-on-small-towns-are-gaining-popularity-in-india/article31365003.ece|access-date=2021-02-26|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=21 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821144840/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/why-shows-based-on-small-towns-are-gaining-popularity-in-india/article31365003.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Season 2 ===
On 28 April 2022, the second season was announced after the completion of the production. On 2 May 2022, it was announced that the second season will premiere on 20 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2022 |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=TVF's Panchayat Season 2 to premiere on Amazon Prime Video on May 20 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/tvf-s-panchayat-season-2-to-premiere-on-amazon-prime-video-on-may-20-1944548-2022-05-02 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510094101/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/tvf-s-panchayat-season-2-to-premiere-on-amazon-prime-video-on-may-20-1944548-2022-05-02 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Prime Video released all the episodes on 18 May 2022, two days earlier than its actual premiere date.<ref name="Business Standard">{{Cite news|date=2022-05-18|title=Amazon Prime releases all episodes of Panchayat Season 2 ahead of schedule|language=en-IN|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/amazon-prime-releases-all-episodes-of-panchayat-season-2-ahead-of-schedule-122051801680_1.html|access-date=18 May 2022|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518183200/https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/amazon-prime-releases-all-episodes-of-panchayat-season-2-ahead-of-schedule-122051801680_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Season 3 ===
Deepak Kumar Mishra revealed to social media that there would be a ''Panchayat'' Season 3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-director-confirms-season-3-death-scene-7945659/|title=Panchayat director Deepak Kumar Mishra confirms season 3, talks about the death scene: 'We needed something drastic'|date=May 31, 2022|website=Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2024-06-02|archive-date=21 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721162354/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-director-confirms-season-3-death-scene-7945659/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was later confirmed that season 3 would also have eight episodes like the previous two seasons and would be released in late 2023. However, it was further delayed to early 2024. Finally, after many delays, it released on 28 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/panchayat-season-3-now-out-on-prime-here-is-how-you-can-stream-it-for-free-124052800351_1.html/|title=Panchayat Season 3 now out on Prime: Here is how you can stream it for free|date=May 28, 2022|website=Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2024-06-02}}</ref>

=== Season 4 ===
On 3 April 2025, marking the fifth anniversary of the series, the makers originally announced that its fourth season will premiere on 2 July 2025. Later the date changed to 24 June 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Panchayat Season 4 Teaser: Jitendra Kumar Clashes With 'Gopi Bahu' In New Promo; Check Release Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/panchayat-season-4-teaser-amazon-prime-video-announces-release-date-on-show-5th-anniversary-ws-l-9285643.html |work=News18 |date=3 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Panchayat season 4 officially announced: Fans excited as Prime Video announces release date of Jitendra Kumar's cult hit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-season-4-officially-announced-fans-excited-as-prime-video-announces-release-date-of-jitendra-kumars-cult-hit-101743671681626.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 April 2025}}</ref>

=== Season 5 ===
On 7 July 2025, TVF and Amazon Prime Video announced on social media that the season 5 will be released in 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=Panchayat Season 5 confirmed for 2026 after Season 4 breaks franchise records |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/panchayat-season-5-confirmed-for-2026-season-4-breaks-franchise-records-2752007-2025-07-07 |work=India Today |date=7 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Panchayat'' received mostly positive reviews from critics who praised its writing, performances, direction, and technical aspects. The show's rural setting was appreciated as a refreshing change from the urban themes often seen in TVF’s earlier shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.headlinesoftoday.com/entertainment/panchayat-tvf-presents-new-series-starring-jitendra-kumar-aka-jeetu-bhaiya-on-amazon-prime-video-2020.html|title=Panchayat : TVF presents new series starring Jitendra Kumar aka Jeetu Bhaiya on Amazon Prime Video 2020|last=Maheshwari|first=Aayushi|date=2020-04-05|website=Headlines of Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831060858/https://www.headlinesoftoday.com/entertainment/panchayat-tvf-presents-new-series-starring-jitendra-kumar-aka-jeetu-bhaiya-on-amazon-prime-video-2020.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the inaugural [[Filmfare OTT Awards]], the series won multiple awards in the comedy category except for Best Actress. It was also nominated for Best Original Story, Screenplay, and Dialogues for Chandan Kumar.<ref>{{cite news|title=TVF's Panchayat shines at the Flyx Filmfare OTT Awards 2020 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/spotlight/tvfs-panchayat-shines-at-the-flyx-filmfare-ott-awards-2020/articleshow/80286368.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|date=22 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831060852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/spotlight/tvfs-panchayat-shines-at-the-flyx-filmfare-ott-awards-2020/articleshow/80286368.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Critical response ===

==== Season 1 ====
Sreeparna Sengupta of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated four out of five stars and wrote "What keeps Panchayat ticking are the well-timed dialogues and situations that keep you chuckling all along."<ref>{{Citation|title=Panchayat Season 1 Review: A delightful, slice of life series capturing the essence of rural India|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/panchayat/seasonreview/75815984.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417035657/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/panchayat/seasonreview/75815984.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Nandini Ramanath of ''Scroll.in'' wrote "The series is better placed to explore the foibles of its handful of characters. ''Panchayat'' unfolds as a comedy of mofussil manners. A proposal to install solar-powered lights teaches Abhishek the art of negotiating with the locals. A poorly phrased slogan for family planning leads to the discovery of hidden allies. The theft of a computer monitor is a sign that Abhishek is finally settling into his role."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title='Panchayat' review: Rural India is a jolly good place in this comedy of manners|url=https://scroll.in/reel/958066/panchayat-review-rural-india-is-a-jolly-good-place-in-this-comedy-of-manners|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Scroll.in|date=4 April 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305133428/https://scroll.in/reel/958066/panchayat-review-rural-india-is-a-jolly-good-place-in-this-comedy-of-manners|url-status=live}}</ref> Ruchi Kaushal of ''Hindustan Times'' stated "Panchayat is a perfect example that what you really need to make a series sing is a solid script. If you are looking for something beyond the good old Ramayan and Mahabharat during the lockdown, Panchayat should definitely be on your must-watch list."<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=Panchayat review: Jitendra Kumar takes over from Shah Rukh Khan in this quirky desi drama|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-takes-over-from-shah-rukh-khan-in-this-quirky-desi-drama/story-XyURlVj5gUOGLHoay21DFI.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228203620/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-takes-over-from-shah-rukh-khan-in-this-quirky-desi-drama/story-XyURlVj5gUOGLHoay21DFI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ektaa Malik of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave three-and-a-half out of five stating "Panchayat incisively breaks the dual-tone presentation of the Indian small town in mainstream narratives. Jitendra Kumar is continuing his fine form after ''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]'' and his 'hairan-pareshan' expression has only gotten better. Though we wonder how long will he keep doing these underdog-needs-to-be-rescued roles."<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-04|title=Panchayat review: It takes a village|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-neena-gupta-raghubir-yadav-6345985/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=11 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211085251/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-neena-gupta-raghubir-yadav-6345985/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairita Mukherjee of ''[[India Today]]'' summarised "Panchayat teaches us why rural India is possibly more equipped to handle isolation compared to its urban counterparts. Jitendra Kumar and Raghuvir Yadav drive the show, but we wanted to see much more of Neena Gupta."<ref>{{cite web|date=April 5, 2020|first=Nairita|last=Mukherjee|title=Panchayat Review: Jitendra Kumar and Raghuvir Yadav show is about finding yourself in isolation|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-and-raghuvir-yadav-show-is-about-finding-yourself-in-isolation-1663537-2020-04-05|access-date=2021-02-26|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125184004/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-and-raghuvir-yadav-show-is-about-finding-yourself-in-isolation-1663537-2020-04-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Saraswati Datar of ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated "There are plenty of laughs but just as many genuine moments of emotion which force you to pause and feel for the people in this quirky tale. Go ahead and watch ''Panchayat'', it's exactly the ray of sunshine we need in gloomy times like these."<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-03|title='Panchayat' review: This amusing Amazon Prime series is what you need to beat the blues|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/panchayat-review-amusing-amazon-prime-series-what-you-need-beat-blues-121750|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929094846/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/panchayat-review-amusing-amazon-prime-series-what-you-need-beat-blues-121750|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rahul Desai of ''[[Film Companion]]'' stated "The TVF show has one of the finest ensembles of recent times with Chandan Kumar's screenplay ensuring characters don't come across as caricatures."<ref>{{cite web|last=Desai|first=Rahul|date=2020-04-04|title=Panchayat Review: A Flawless TVF Show That Reclaims Rural India From The Movies|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/panchayat-review-a-flawless-tvf-show-that-reclaims-rural-india-from-the-movies/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Film Companion|language=en-US|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307064746/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/panchayat-review-a-flawless-tvf-show-that-reclaims-rural-india-from-the-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref> Udita Jhunjhunwala of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave three-and-a-half out of five stating "On-target casting, immersive production design, crafty dialogue, and situations handled with a light touch to make ''Panchayat'' a satisfying watch. And who would have thought ''lauki'' (bottle gourd) could be such an effective peace offering!"<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-04|title=Panchayat review: Jitendra Kumar leads TVF's hilarious show with crafty dialogues, immersive production design|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-leads-tvfs-hilarious-show-with-crafty-dialogues-immersive-production-design-8224861.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Firstpost|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127040730/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/panchayat-review-jitendra-kumar-leads-tvfs-hilarious-show-with-crafty-dialogues-immersive-production-design-8224861.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tanisha Bagchi of ''[[The Quint]]'' gave four out of five stating "''Panchayat'' scores in its opening credits too, and by the time the sun sets on the worn-down office, we know one thing for sure - it takes a village to drive away from the fatigue that has crept in owing to Bollywood's obsession to set every other film in a small town."<ref>{{cite web|last=Bagchi|first=Tanisha|date=2020-04-06|title=Review: 'Panchayat' Revels In the Simple Pleasures of Village Life|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/panchayat-neena-gupta-raghubir-yadav-jitendra-kumar-amazon-prime-review|access-date=2021-02-26|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410152546/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/panchayat-neena-gupta-raghubir-yadav-jitendra-kumar-amazon-prime-review|url-status=live}}</ref>

Priyanka Sinha Jha of ''[[News18]]'' reviewed "City-slickers, small-town audience or country hicks, whichever category you may fall in, Panchayat is a must-watch for those who enjoy India stories."<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=Panchayat Review: Ensemble of Talented Actors Makes This Web Series a Delightful Watch|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/panchayat-review-ensemble-of-talented-actors-make-panchayat-a-delightful-watch-2562773.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125004201/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/panchayat-review-ensemble-of-talented-actors-make-panchayat-a-delightful-watch-2562773.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shilajit Mitra of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' reviewed "Though the show progresses quickly, with a new distraction emerging every episode, Abhishek stays focused on his goal. He's least bothered about Phulera and its going on. All he wants to do is study, bide his time and clear out. Writer Chandan Kumar and director Deepak Kumar Mishra steer clear of obvious heroism. When Abhishek gets into a scuffle and his ego swells, the scene quickly turns to slapstick."<ref>{{cite web|title=Panchayat web series review: A pleasant update on an old premise|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/hindi/2020/apr/03/panchayat-web-series-review-a-pleasant-update-on-an-old-premise-17860.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=3 April 2020 |language=en|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305164153/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/hindi/2020/apr/03/panchayat-web-series-review-a-pleasant-update-on-an-old-premise-17860.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tanul Thakur of ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' wrote "''Panchayat'' has a constant lightness of touch, and that is reflected in the aesthetics, too. Its scenes aren't hurried; a consistent relaxed rhythm informs the entire show."<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Prime's 'Panchayat' Is a Unique Ode to Simplicity|url=https://thewire.in/culture/panchayat-amazon-prime-video-review|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Wire|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204082916/https://thewire.in/culture/panchayat-amazon-prime-video-review|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Season 2====
Ronak Kotecha of the ''[[Times of India]]'' rated the season 3.5/5, stating that "''Panchayat 2'' doesn’t try hard to be comedic or slapstick, it doesn’t try to change the world of patriarchy, societal ills like dowry, or rally for women empowerment. It just exists in a simple no-frills rural life set in the heartland of India. It’s the kind of escapism we need from the grimness of life and that makes it watchable, all over again."<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/panchayat/panchayat-season-2/seasonreview/91662630.cms ''Panchayat Season 2 Review'': That familiar feeling works like a charm all over again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821144843/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/panchayat/panchayat-season-2/seasonreview/91662630.cms |date=21 August 2024 }} ''[[Times of India]]'',
Ronak Kotecha, 19 May 2022</ref>

====Season 3====
A critic for ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the season, 4 stars out of 5 and wrote "''Panchayat Season 3'' fulfils all the humongous expectations and rests on bravura performances, some funny and dramatic sequences, nail-biting climax and meme-worthy dialogues. This time, the show also scores on the emotional front and also boasts of action scenes."<ref>{{cite news|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|title=Panchayat Season 3|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/web-series-review-panchayat-season-3/|magazine=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=28 May 2024|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528201920/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/web-series-review-panchayat-season-3/|url-status=live}}{{rating|4|5}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
=== Season 1 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[2020 Filmfare OTT Awards|19 December 2020]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Comedy Series
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
| {{Won}}
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the Flyx Filmfare OTT Awards|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-flyx-filmfare-ott-awards-45407.html|access-date=20 December 2020|website=filmfare.com|language=en|archive-date=19 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219181529/https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-flyx-filmfare-ott-awards-45407.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor (Comedy Series)
|[[Jitendra Kumar]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actor (Comedy Series)
|[[Raghubir Yadav]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actress (Comedy Series)
|[[Neena Gupta]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Original Story (Series)
| rowspan="3" |Chandan Kumar
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Best Dialogues
|{{Nom}}
|}

=== Season 2 ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Date of ceremony
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! {{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[54th International Film Festival of India|28 November 2023]]
| [[International Film Festival of India]]
| [[IFFI Best Web Series (OTT) Award|Best Web Series (OTT)]]
| ''Panchayat''
| {{Won}}
| <ref name=awards:iexp>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iffi-2023-persian-movie-endless-borders-wins-best-film-award-9046008/ |title=IFFI 2023: Endless Borders wins Best Film award; Michael Douglas receives Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award|date= 28 November 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|website= The Indian Express}}</ref>
|}

== In other media ==
''Panchayat'' has been officially remade by ''TVF'' in Tamil as ''[[Thalaivettiyaan Paalayam]]'' (2024), starring Abishek Kumar, [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] and [[Devadarshini]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/thalaivettiyaan-paalayam-review-908271|title=Thalaivettiyaan Paalayam Review: A quirky and pleasant escape into rural life|date=20 September 2024|publisher=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924174400/https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/thalaivettiyaan-paalayam-review-908271|url-status=live}}</ref> and in Telugu as ''[[Sivarapalli]]'' (2025), starring [[Rag Mayur]], [[Muralidhar Goud]] and [[Rupa Lakshmi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=2025-01-24 |title='Sivarapalli' web series review: This Telugu remake of 'Panchayat' is uplifted by solid performances |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sivarapalli-web-series-review-a-loyal-remake-uplifted-by-solid-performances/article69131543.ece |access-date=2025-01-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124080554/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sivarapalli-web-series-review-a-loyal-remake-uplifted-by-solid-performances/article69131543.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of productions by The Viral Fever]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.primevideo.com/detail/amzn1.dv.gti.56b88851-43dd-4931-8d01-bf8a83814aaa}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Amazon Video original series}}
{{IFFI Best Web Series OTT Award|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi television content related lists]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original programming]]
[[Category:TVF Play Shows]]

Nellore Rural Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:32:11Z

Bpk: New Initial Article W/ Refs.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nellore Rural
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (118-Nellore Rural highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Nellore Rural Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency|Nellore]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 118
| electors = 2,26,906
| established = 2008
| type = SLA
}}

'''Nellore Rural Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Nellore district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]]. As of 2019, there were a total of 254,585 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=https://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.

==Mandals==
As per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008),'' the constituency covers [[Nellore mandal]] (Part), Golla Kandukur, Sajjapuram, Vellanti, Kandamur, Upputur, South Mopur, Mogallapalem, Mattempadu, Amancherla, Mannavarappadu, Mulumudi, Devarapalem, Pottepalem,
Akkacheruvupadu, Ogurupadu, Ambapuram, Donthali, Buja Buja Nellore (Rural), Kallurpalle (Rural), Kanuparthipadu, Allipuram (Rural), Gudipallipadu, Pedda, Cherukur, Chintareddipalem, Visavaviletipadu, Gundlapalem, Kakupalle-I, Kakupalle -II (Madaraja Gudur) and Penubarthi Villages. [[Nellore mandal]] ([[Municipality|M]]+OG) (Part), [[Nellore]] (M) - Ward No.16 to 26, 29 and 30, Allipuram (OG) (Part) - Ward No.45, Kallurpalle (OG) (Part) - Ward No.46
Buja Buja Nellore (OG) (Part) - Ward No.47, Nellore (Bit.1) (OG) - Ward No.48.<ref>{{cite web|title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf
|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=14 October 2014|page=22}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2 |Political party
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Anam Vivekananda Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=3| [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=1}}
|}

==Election results==
===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nellore Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Anam Vivekananda Reddy]]
|votes = 46,941
|percentage = 37.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = Anam Venkata Ramana Reddy
|votes = 43,810
|percentage = 35.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = T. P. Bhanu Raju
|votes = 23,143
|percentage = 18.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,131
|percentage = 2.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 124,110
|percentage = 54.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nellore Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
|votes = 79,103
|percentage = 49.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sannapureddy Suresh Reddy
|votes = 53,450
|percentage = 33.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 25,653
|percentage = 16.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 158,406
|percentage = 60.56
|change = +5.86
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nellore Rural }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
|votes = 85,724
|percentage = 51.61%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Abdul Aziz
|votes = 64,948
|percentage = 39.10%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20,776
|percentage = 12.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 158,406
|percentage = 60.56
|change = +5.86
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nellore Rural }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
|votes = 10,9975
|percentage = 56.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Adala Prabhakara Reddy]]
|votes = 75,495
|percentage = 38.81
|change =

}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shaik Fayaz
|votes = 4,280
|percentage = 2.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,016
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 34,480
|percentage = 19.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,94,542
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Coord|14.38|79.95|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Nellore]]
[[Category:Nellore district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]
https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01118.htm

Hathua Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:27:18Z

Bpk: made some post added tags!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Hathua
|type= SLA
| map_image = 104-Hathua constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj]]
|division =
| loksabha_cons =
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]
|established = 2008
| electors = 291,165
|abolished = 
}}
'''Hathua''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. In 2020 Rajesh Kumar Singh Kushwaha of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] defeated [[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]] of [[Janata Dal (United)]] to emerge victorious.<ref name="election2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/bihar-assembly-elections-2020/hathua-election-results-live-s04a104/|title=Hathua election result 2020|website=News18|access-date=2020-11-29}}</ref>
Hathua Assembly constituency is part of No. 17 [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=commission/>

==History==
As per "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 104", Hathua Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Hathua, Bihar|Hathua]] and [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]]

Phulwaria [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]; Jamsar, Trilokpur, Mohaicha, Balesara [[gram panchayat]]s and [[Mirganj, Bihar|Mirganj]] (NA) of Uchkagaon CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2020-1">{{Cite web |title=Hasanpur Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/hathua.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2025]]: Hathua<ref name="election2025">{{cite web|url= https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04104.htm|title=Hathua Assembly constituency 2025|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]]
|votes = {{formatnum:92121}}
|percentage = 46.99
|change = +14.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:79773}}
|percentage = 40.69
|change = -9.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Sanjay Kumar Suman
|votes = {{formatnum:5089}}
|percentage = 2.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shabanm Khatun
|votes = {{formatnum:3789}}
|percentage = 1.93
|change = -0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nauraj Sah
|votes = {{formatnum:3640}}
|percentage = 1.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Indrajit Jyotishkar
|votes = {{formatnum:3117}}
|percentage = 1.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Surendra Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:2454}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change = -0.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3094}}
|percentage = 1.58
|change = -1.01
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12348}}
|percentage = 6.3
|change = -11.25
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:196058}}
|percentage = 67.34
|change = +10.1
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: Hathua<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha|Rajesh Kumar Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:86731}}
|percentage = 49.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = [[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]]
|votes = {{formatnum:56204}}
|percentage = 32.29
|change = {{decrease}}4.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Ram Darshan Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:9894}}
|percentage = 5.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shreeram Bhagat
|votes = {{formatnum:4135}}
|percentage = 2.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Surendra Ram S/O Kanhaiya Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:3392}}
|percentage = 1.95
|change = {{decrease}}0.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Surendra Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:2343}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dr Shashi Bhushan Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:1803}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change = {{decrease}}1.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4501}}
|percentage = 2.59
|change = {{increase}}0.87
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30527}}
|percentage = 17.55
|change = {{increase}}3.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:174035}}
|percentage = 57.24
|change = {{decrease}}0.77
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Hathua<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Ramsewak Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:57917}}
|percentage = 36.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Hindustani Awam Morcha
|candidate = Mahachandra Pd. Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:34933}}
|percentage = 22.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar Singh Rampur Kala
|votes = {{formatnum:32959}}
|percentage = 20.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dr Shashi Bhushan Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:4333}}
|percentage = 2.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ramdarshan Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:4027}}
|percentage = 2.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janta Dal Rashtravadi
|candidate = Saviv Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:3903}}
|percentage = 2.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Imteyaj Ahmad
|votes = {{formatnum:3429}}
|percentage = 2.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha
|candidate = Indra Kumar Jyotikar
|votes = {{formatnum:3336}}
|percentage = 2.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar Singh Belwa Thakurai
|votes = {{formatnum:2176}}
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Garib Janta Dal (Secular)
|candidate = Ramaji Sah
|votes = {{formatnum:2138}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Sriram Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:2066}}
|percentage = 1.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party
|candidate = Farookh Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:1501}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2723}}
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22984}}
|percentage = 14.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:158595}}
|percentage = 58.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party
|candidate = Farookh Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:1501}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Gopalganj district, India}}
{{Saran Division topics}}
{{coord|26|21|02|N|84|18|27|E|region:IN-BR|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Gopalganj district, India]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

K. Venkatappa

2026-04-19T17:39:45Z

Bpk:

{{Short description|Indian painter, sculptor and musician (1886-1965)}}
{{One source|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = K. Venkatappa
| honorific_suffix =
| image = K. Venkatappa.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = K. Venkatappa
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1886
| birth_place = [[Mysore]], [[Mysore Kingdom]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| baptised =
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1965|1886}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| education = [[Government College of Art & Craft]]
| alma_mater =
| known_for = Painter, sculptor and an exponent of veena
| notable_works =
| style =
| movement =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| father =
| mother =
| relatives =
| family =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_type =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| elected =
| patrons =
| memorials = [[Venkatappa Art Gallery]]
| website =
| module =
}}
'''K. Venkatappa''' (1886–1965) was a pioneer painter, sculptor and an exponent of [[veena]]. He was born into a family of [[court painter]]s in the princely state of [[Mysore]], present day [[Karnataka]]. He was a pupil of [[Abanindranath Tagore]].<ref name="Tagore" /> He was best known for his [[watercolor]]s, with sensible [[Realism (arts)|realism]]. His [[Ootacamund]] watercolors reflect his independent vision.

In 1974, The Government of Karnataka established a dedicated art gallery in [[Bengaluru]] in Venkatappa's name called the Venkatappa Art Gallery also referred to as the VAG. At VAG his watercolors and plaster bas reliefs are displayed alongside other spaces meant for use by other artists as gallery spaces.

{{Multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=375|align=right
|image1 = Venkatappa Art Gallery, Bengaluru (2026) 08.jpg
|width1 = 125px
|image2 = Venkatappa Art Gallery, Bengaluru (2026) 78.jpg
|width2 = 125px
|footer = Sculptures of K. Venkatappa at [[Venkatappa Art Gallery]], Bengaluru (2026)
}}

==Early life==
Venkatappa was born in a family of Chitrakara, who were the court painters of the Mysore Kingdom and artisans under the Vijayanagara kings. From an early age he was taught into the art of painting and assisted his father in the palace of [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]]. The Maharaja appreciated his talents and encouraged him to study further in the [[Government College of Art & Craft|Government School of Art]], Calcutta, which he attended from 1909 to 1916.<ref name=Nair /> There, he studied under Abanindranath Tagore with students such as [[Nandalal Bose]], and was met with appreciation.

==As an early artist==

Venkatappa's paintings were predominantly watercolor, in contrast to a popular movement in the Mysore court to oils during his time, following [[Raja Ravi Varma|Ravi Varma]]. Venkatappa was an eccentric, distancing himself from Tagore and his other students by retiring to the court, but also resisting his position as a simple court artisan by rejecting commissions that constrained his style and did not match his expected compensation; rejecting salaried positions tying him to the palace or other institutions and painting in a modern style. He "made a self-conscious attempt to assume the position of a distracted genius, indifferent to the mundane world of praise and profit."{{sfn|Nair|2011|p=173}} This, along with his study of veena – in whose pursuit he largely abandoned painting, kept him at a distance from the art world until his discovery by [[James Cousins]] and a sale of art to the Mysore Yuvaraja in 1924.{{sfn|Nair|2011|p=176}}

Along with [[Nandalal Bose]] and others, Venkatappa helped [[Lady Herringham]] to copy [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] frescoes.

==Watercolors==

In 1926, Venkatappa began producing landscapes of [[Ooty]], producing a second round of landscapes of Kodaikanal in 1934.{{sfn|Nair|2011|p=179}} His Ooty watercolors are said to be the finest examples of watercolor painting. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited Mysore and happen to see the paintings of Venkatappa, and was thrilled by sensitiveness captured in the paintings. He later wrote in his journal ''[[Young India]]'':<ref name="Gandhi" />
{{blockquote|Even a layman could not but be struck with Venkatappa's minute attention to detail, and mastery of line and colour. His pictures of dawn, morning and twilight with their wonderful cloud effects produce an atmosphere of peacefulness and repose that the artist has assimilated by his long and intensive studies of nature. }}

==Later art==

Also in 1926, shortly after his first watercolors, Venkatappa decided to start a painting school in Bangalore, and refused to sell his work thereon.{{sfn|Nair|2011|p=180}} However, he was quickly retained again by the Mysore court, gaining a contract to produce a series of bas reliefs for the [[Mysore Palace]], then undergoing an extensive modernisation. His first bas relief, ''Departure of Shakuntala'', was much lauded and Venkatappa was let a studio in the palace. Venkatappa delayed the completion of this series of reliefs past 1940, when the new Maharaja (who ascended following the death of his father), dispensed of his services and ordered him to vacate the palace. The bas reliefs would eventually end up at the Modern Art Gallery founded in his name by Karnakata State. He then unsuccessfully filed suit against the palace for compensation for his labour. Venkatappa had a history of litigiousness, particularly unwilling to allow for the reproduction of his art in the press. In ''Mysore Modern'', Nair argues "the courtroom had long been the stage on which Venkatappa had striven to establish his artistic genius."{{sfn|Nair|2011|p=187}} Critical and short with his few students, Venkatappa did no new work after this until his death in 1965. However, even with his limited output, Venkatappa's unique placement as a skilled Indian artist working in Mysore, early Indian national art and modernism give him his relevance.

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|width=130 | height=200
|title=Artworks of K. Venkatappa
|File:Rama's marriage.jpg|''Rama's Marriage''
|File:The Death of Maricha.jpg|''The death of Maricha''
|File:Ravana fighting with Jatayu.jpg|''Ravana fighting with Jatayu''
|File:Rama sending his signet ring to Sita.jpg|''Rama sending his signet ring to Sita''
|File:Burning of Lanka.jpg|''Burning of Lanka''
}}

==References==
<references>

<ref name="Nair">
{{Citation
| last = Nair
| first = Janaki
| year = 2011
| title = Mysore Modern
| publisher = University of Minnesota Press
| location = Minneapolis
}}</ref>
<ref name="Gandhi">
{{Citation
|publisher =
|location = Ahmedabad
|title = Young India
|url =
|author = M K Gandhi
|edition =
|date = 4 August 1927
|oclc =
}}</ref>
<ref name="Tagore">
{{Citation
|publisher = Indian Society of Oriental Art
|location = Calcutta
|title = Some notes on Indian artistic anatomy
|author = Abanindranath Tagore
|edition = Some notes on Indian artistic anatomy.
|date = 1914
|oclc = 5543190
|ol = 6213535M
}}
</ref>
colwidth=30em

</references>

== External links==
{{commons category|K. Venkatappa}}
* [http://www.ngmaindia.gov.in/pdf/Notes-on-the-International-Conference-on-K-Venkatappa.pdf Notes on the International Conference on K Venkatappa]
* {{Cite web|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/What-you-see-when-you-see-Venkatappa-and-the-Lakshman-Rekha/articleshow/55652934.cms|title = What you see when you see: Venkatappa and the Lakshman Rekha}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.indiaifa.org/grants-projects/n-pushpamala.html |title=N Pushpamala | India Foundation for the Arts |access-date=11 April 2017 |archive-date=11 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411140903/http://www.indiaifa.org/grants-projects/n-pushpamala.html |url-status=dead }}

{{Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkatappa, K.}}
[[Category:Painters from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian watercolourists]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:Government College of Art & Craft alumni]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:People from Mysore district]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Mysore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Damoh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:39:40Z

Bpk: Creating New Pg.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Damoh
| type= SLA
| map_image = 55-Damoh.svg
| mla = [[Jayant Kumar Malaiya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Damoh district|Damoh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| preceded_by = [[Ajay Tandon]]
| incumbent_image = Jayant Malaiya.jpg
}}

'''Damoh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=27 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state.<ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_MP.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh|page=6|publisher=Election Commission of India website}}</ref>

==Overview==
Damoh (constituency number 55) is one of the 4 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Damoh district]]. This constituency covers the Damoh municipality and part of Damoh [[tehsil]] of the district.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=230, 250}}</ref>

Damoh is part of [[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Pathariya Assembly constituency|Pathariya]], [[Jabera Assembly constituency|Jabera]] and [[Hatta Assembly constituency|Hatta]] in this district, [[Deori Assembly constituency|Deori]], [[Rehli Assembly constituency|Rehli]] and [[Banda, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Banda]] in [[Sagar district]] and [[Malhara Assembly constituency|Malhara]] in [[Chhatarpur district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1951
|rowspan=2 |Harichandra Laxmichandra Marothi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1957
|-
| 1962
| Anand Kumar Shrivastava
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| 1967
| Prabhu Narain Tandon
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1972
| Anand Kumar
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| 1977
| Prabhu Narain Tandon
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1980
| Chandranarayan Ramdhan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| 1985
| [[Mukesh Nayak]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1990
| rowspan=6 |[[Jayant Malaiya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
| 1993
|-
| 1998
|-
| 2003
|-
| 2008<ref name=ceom>{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha General Elections - 2008 (in Hindi)|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/OtherLinks/Election_Result_2008.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
|-
| 2018
| [[Rahul Lodhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Damoh Legislative Assembly by-elections|2021]] {{note|2021}}
| [[Ajay Tandon]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Jayant Malaiya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
{{note|2021}} By-election due to Rahul Lodhi resigning from the Congress party, to join the BJP<ref name=rahulLodhi>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsx.com/national/former-congress-mla-rahul-lodhi-joins-bjp-in-madhya-pradesh.html |title=Former Congress MLA Rahul Lodhi joins BJP in Madhya Pradesh |date= 25 October 2020 |agency=ANI |access-date= 4 May 2021}}</ref>

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Damoh<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayant Kumar Malaiya]]
|votes = {{formatnum:112278}}
|percentage = 59.79
|change = +19.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ajay Tandon]]
|votes = {{formatnum:60927}}
|percentage = 32.44
|change = -19.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pratap Rohit (Ahirwar)
|votes = {{formatnum:3178}}
|percentage = 1.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Shakti Chetna Party
|candidate = Dolat Singh Lodhi
|votes = {{formatnum:2493}}
|percentage = 1.33
|change = -1.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Chahat Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:2292}}
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:528}}
|percentage = 0.28
|change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:51351}}
|percentage = 27.35
|change = +15.41
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:187801}}
|percentage = 76.4
|change = +16.75
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title= By-election, 2021: Damoh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ajay Tandon]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 74,832
|percentage = 52.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rahul Singh Lodhi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 57,735
|percentage = 40.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Uma Singh Lodhi
|party = Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party
|votes = 3775
|percentage = 2.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 720
|percentage = 0.5
|change = -0.24
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 17,097
|percentage = 11.94
|change = +11.48
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 143,124
|percentage = 59.65
|change = -15.46
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Damoh<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2018 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rahul Singh Lodhi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:78997}}
|percentage = 45.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayant Kumar Malaiya]]
|votes = {{formatnum:78199}}
|percentage = 44.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Komal Ahirwar
|votes = {{formatnum:5460}}
|percentage = 3.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party
|candidate = Aarti Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:3443}}
|percentage = 1.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rahul Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1755}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rahul Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:1570}}
|percentage = 0.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1299}}
|percentage = 0.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:798}}
|percentage = 0.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:175372}}
|percentage = 75.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==External links==
* Election Commission of India Partywise Comparison Since 197753 - Damoh Assembly Constituency http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S12/partycomp53.htm
* Damoh Constituency https://web.archive.org/web/20131216215741/http://www.madhyabharat.in/politics/constituencies/damoh.htm

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.83|79.44|display=title}}

[[Category:Damoh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Chennai–Salem Express

2026-04-08T04:38:38Z

Bpk:

{{short description|Passenger train in India}}
{{primary sources|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width = 25em
| name = Chennai Egmore – Salem Express
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Dadar Chennai Egmore Express.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Name board of Chennai Egmore - Salem Express
| type = [[Inter-city rail|Inter-city]] / Superfast [[Passenger rail terminology#Superfast service|Superfast]]
| status = Operating
| locale = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| predecessor =
| first = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2008|08|08}}
| last =
| successor =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone]] since rake is shared with 22157/22158 [[Mumbai-Chennai Mail]]
| formeroperator = [[Southern Railway zone]] during [[Meter Gauge]] era
| ridership =
| ridership2 =
| website =
| start = {{rws|Chennai Egmore}} (MS)
| stops = 12
| end = {{rws|Salem Junction}} (SA)
| distance = {{convert|354|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 6 Hours 20 Minutes
| frequency = Daily
| trainnumber = 22153/54
| line_used = [[Chord Line, Tamil Nadu|Chord line]] '''({{abbrlink|MS|Chennai Egmore}}{{snd}}{{abbrlink|VRI|Vriddhachalam Junction railway station|Vriddhachchalam Junction}})''' Virudhachalam–Salem line '''({{abbrlink|VRI|Virudhachalam Junction railway station}}{{snd}}{{abbrlink|SA|Salem Junction}})'''
| class = 2A, 3A, SL, SLR, SLRD and UR/GS
| access = {{Access icon|20px}}
| seating = [[Corridor coach]] (UR/GS only)
| sleeping = [[Couchette car]]
| autorack = No
| catering = On-board
| observation = Windows in all carriages
| entertainment = No
| baggage = Overhead racks Baggage carriage
| otherfacilities =Electrical outlets
| stock = '''Locomotive:''' [[WAP 4//5/7]] ({{abbrlink|ED/AJJ/RPM| from VRI TO SA}})''' [[WAP 7]] ({{abbrlink|RPM|ROYAPURAM railway station MS TO VRI}})''' '''Bogie:''' One AC 2-tier (2A) 4 AC 3-tier (3A) Nine II [[Couchette car|SL]] Two UR/GS Two SLR One [[Pantry car]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el = No
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h}}
| owners = [[Central Railway zone]]
| routenumber = 7/7A<ref>{{cite web|title=Combined South Zone Timetable - 2015|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1445937217005-SouthZone-Combined.pdf|website=[[Southern Railway zone]]|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=4 June 2016|pages=51–56|date=2015}}</ref>
| map = [[File:(Chennai - Salem) Express route map.png|250px|(Chennai - Salem) Express route map]]
| map_state = hide
}}
The 22153/22154 '''Chennai Egmore - Salem Junction Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train which runs from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] to [[Chennai]] via [[Vridhachalam]] and [[Villupuram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] State [[India]]. This train is operated by [[Southern Railway Zone (India)|Southern Railway]] in India and the rakes are owned by [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]. The train was inaugurated on 7 August 2008. The Train runs with 9 Sleeper class, 1 Second AC and 4 Third AC Coaches. It is an overnight train and runs daily in both directions. This train is assigned 22153 number in the Chennai - Salem direction and 22154 number in the Salem - Chennai direction. This train is also fondly called as Mango Express by locals and railfans because Salem is famous for Mangoes.

==History==
This train was operated as a link/slip typed express train with only one coach during meter gauge era. The single train coach was attached with Pearl City Express till Vriddhachchalam Junction and after that the lone slip coach is detached at Vriddhachalam Junction and continues its journey towards Salem Junction via Chinna Salem.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-01 |title=Nightmare in Ariyalur, a brave tale from 1956 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/nightmare-in-ariyalur-a-brave-tale-from-1956/article5740973.ece |access-date=2023-02-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Introduction of a separate Train from Madras to Salem demanded Hon'ble MP R. KOLANTHAIVELU on 15–03–1979.<ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/56279/1/lsd_06_07_15-03-1979.pdf Page 62</ref> Due to the demand, After the Broad Gauge Conversion, this train was reintroduced on 7 August 2008 with two dedicated rakes and this train also had a slip coaches in broad gauge era. After getting 2 dedicated rakes for daily operation, some of the coaches are detached from this train at salem junction and proceed its journey towards [[Mettur Dam railway station|Mettur Dam Railway Station]] via [[Omalur Junction railway station|Omalur Junction]], Mecheri Road to boost Tourism. But later that slip train was cancelled around 2018 due to several reasons. After cancellation of that slip coaches, a connection train facility at Salem Junction is provided for this Express train till Mettur Dam by utilising Erode Mettur Dam Passenger train. Recently petitions regarding extension of this train to Mettur Dam ared being filed in [[Madras High Court]] by Tamil Nadu Railway Passengers Front.

[[File:Salem-Chennai Egmore express.jpg|thumb|Chennai Egmore-Salem express at Egmore]]

== Current route and timings==
The important stops are as follows:
*[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]]
*[[Attur]]
*[[Chinna Salem]]
*[[Vriddhachalam Junction railway station|Vriddhachchalam Junction]] (Rake Reversal Takes Place)
*[[Villupuram]]
*[[Melmaruvathur]]
*[[Chengalpattu]]
*[[Tambaram]]
*[[Chennai Egmore]]

Timings of 22153 Up {{abbrlink|MS|Chennai Egmore}}/[[Chennai Egmore]]-{{abbrlink|SA|Salem Junction}}/[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]] Express:- [[Chennai Egmore]] 23.55 PM; [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]] 06.15 AM. Timings of 22154 Down {{abbrlink|SA|Salem Junction}}/[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]]-{{abbrlink|MS|Chennai Egmore}}/[[Chennai Egmore]] Express:- [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]] 21.30 PM; [[Chennai Egmore]] 03.50 AM.

The train undergoes reversal at {{abbrlink|VRI|Vriddhachalam Junction railway station|Vriddhachchalam Junction}}/[[Vriddhachalam Junction railway station|Vriddhachchalam Junction]] in both up and down journeys. 22153 proceeds to [[Mettur Dam railway station|Mettur Dam Railway Station]] from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]] after transhipment with a passenger train coming from [[Erode, Tamil Nadu|Erode Junction]]. 22154 comes from [[Mettur Dam railway station|Mettur Dam Railway Station]] as a passenger train going to [[Erode, Tamil Nadu|Erode Junction]] at [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem Junction]] then transhipment happens.

==Coach composition ==

'''The Upwards - 22153 train Coach composition is:'''
* 1 AC Two-tier coach (A1)
* 4 AC Three-tier coaches (B1, B2, B3, B4)
* 8 Sleeper Coaches (S1 - S9)
* 2 Unreserved General Sitting Coaches (GS)
* 1 Pantry Car
* 2 Sitting cum Luggage Rakes
'''The Downwards - 22154 train Coach composition''' is in exact reverse order of '''The Upwards - 22153 train Coach composition'''

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 3
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 8
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 9
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 10
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 14
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 15
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 16
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 17
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 18
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]]|| SLR|| GS || S9 || S8 || S7 || S6 || S5 || S4 || S3 || S2 || PC || S1 || B4 || B3 || B2|| B1 || A1 || GS || SLR
|-
|}

The pantry car remains locked.

==Rake sharing==

It shares its rake with the 22157/22158 Mumbai Csmt Chennai Egmore Superfast Express.

==Demands==
There are also demands to divert and operate this train via [[neyveli]], vadaloor, [[Cuddalore Port Junction railway station|cuddalore port junction]] since these areas has very less train connectivity and there are no trains operated in-between chennai and neyveli areas and there are also demands to extend this train till [[bangalore]]'s under construction sir m visveswaraya terminal via [[Hosur railway station|hosur]] and [[Dharmapuri railway station|dharmapuri]] since these areas also doesn't have any train connection with its state capital [[chennai]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Egomore - Salem Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2008]]

1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking

2026-03-17T14:45:58Z

Bpk: starting details...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{short description|Plane hijacking in Nepal}}
{{Infobox Aircraft occurrence
|name = 1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking
|occurrence_type = Hijack
|date = 10 June 1973
|summary = [[Aircraft hijacking]]
|site = [[Forbesganj]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
|aircraft_type = [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]]
|aircraft_name =
|operator = [[Royal Nepal Airlines]]
|tail_number = 9N-ABB
|origin = [[Biratnagar Airport]], Biratnagar, Nepal
|destination = [[Tribhuvan International Airport]], Kathmandu, Nepal
|occupants = 22
|passengers = 19
|crew = 3
|injuries = 0
|fatalities = 0
|survivors = 22
|image=File:Pokhara Airport (9032278612).jpg|alt=|caption=The involved aircraft at [[Pokhara Airport]] forty years later|coordinates=|missing=|stopover=|stopover0=|last_stopover=|image_upright=}}

The '''1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking''' (also known as the '''Biratnagar Plane Hijack''') was the first [[aircraft hijacking]] in the history of [[Nepal]].

The main motive for this incident was to gather funds for an armed revolution to restore [[Multi-party system|multi-party]] democracy by overthrowing the party-less [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat]] system headed by the [[King of Nepal|King in Nepal]], [[Mahendra of Nepal]].

==Aircraft==
The aircraft was a [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|DHC-6 Twin Otter]] (Registration: 9N-ABB) and was delivered to Royal Nepal Airlines in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=9N-ABB |url=http://twinotterarchive.com/DHC-6_302.html |publisher=Twin Otter Archive |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref>

==Hijackers==
[[Durga Prasad Subedi|Durga Subedi]] was recently released from prison, where he read about the hijacking of [[Japan Airlines Flight 351]]. He came up with the idea of a plane hijack to collect the funds by carrying out a similar hijack.<ref name="Buddha Air">{{cite book |title=The skyjack that shook Panchayat |date=April 2010 |publisher=Buddha Air |pages=4–5 |url=https://www.buddhaair.com/downloads/get/yatra-issue-april-2010.html |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Democratic fighter Durga Subedi's autobiography launched |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-10/democratic-fighter-durga-subedis-autobiography-launched.html |publisher=The Kathmandu Post |accessdate=1 October 2018 |date=10 August 2018}}</ref> They were tipped from Madan Aryal who worked at [[Nepal Rastra Bank]] in [[Biratnagar]] and knew that the bank would transport [[Indian currency]] by plane through Biratnagar. Nagendra Dhungel and Basanta Bhattarai joined the team to hijack the plane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tell-all account of 1973 hijacking hits shelves |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-12/tell-all-account-of-1973-hijacking-hits-shelves.html |publisher=The Kathmandu Post |accessdate=1 October 2018 |date=12 August 2018}}</ref>

==Crew and passengers==
Three crew members and 19 passengers were on board the flight, including actress [[Mala Sinha]].<ref name="Buddha Air"/>

==Hijacking==
On 10 June 1973, Nepal Rastra Bank planned to transport [[Indian rupee|Indian Rupees]] from Araria district (Bihar), India to Kathmandu via Biratnagar. It was transported to Biratnagar by land, and was supposed then go to Kathmandu by air. At 8:30 [[Nepal Time|NPT]], the 19-seater [[Nepal Airlines|Royal Nepal Airlines]]<ref name="CS-USLoC" /> [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] passenger aircraft took off for Kathmandu from Biratnagar. The three hijackers hijacked the plane within five minutes of take-off. They forced the pilot to land the plane in [[Forbesganj]], [[Bihar]], in a grass field and took 3 million [[Indian rupees]] that belonged to the Nepalese government.<ref name="BasnetRepublica" />

The hijackers who boarded the plane were Basanta Bhattarai, Durga Subedi, and Nagendra Prasad Dhungel. Girija Prasad Koirala and [[Chakra Prasad Bastola]] were involved in transportation of the loot to [[Darjeeling]]. They hid it in the house of B. L. Sharma, an acquaintance of [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]].<ref name="GhimireTKP" /> Ganesh Sharma, an Indian national, arrived with a jeep to the landing site.<ref name="BasnetRepublica" /> Other members involved who were at the field in Forbesganj were Binod Aryal, [[Sushil Koirala]], Manahari Baral, Rajendra Dahal and Biru Lama. Three different vehicles were used in transporting the three boxes of cash to Darjeeling.<ref name="BasnetRepublica" />

==Aftermath==
The plane took off immediately with the passengers after the boxes of cash were taken out. The hijackers went first to [[Darjeeling]], then to [[Banaras]] and finally to Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]). The hijackers occasionally made trips to [[New Delhi]] to meet [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala|BP Koirala]], then the President of Nepali Congress. However, within a year all hijackers were arrested in India except Nagendra Dhungel. After the [[The Emergency (India)|1975 Emergency in India]] ended, they were released on bail.<ref name="BasnetRepublica" />

The DH-6 was used afterward for Nepalese flights for another 41 years, until it was destroyed in the 2014 crash of [[Nepal Airlines Flight 183]]. The parts of the aircraft were brought to Nepalganj and were put together again and are currently being exhibited in the [[BP Museum]] in [[Sundarijal]], Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aircraft hijacked by Nepali Congress in 1973 to be put in museum |url=http://admin.myrepublica.com/politics/story/42658/aircraft-hijacked-by-nepali-congress-in-1973-to-be-put-in-museum.html |publisher=República |accessdate=1 September 2018 |date=19 May 2016 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175709/http://admin.myrepublica.com/politics/story/42658/aircraft-hijacked-by-nepali-congress-in-1973-to-be-put-in-museum.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Plane hijacked by Nepali Congress in Kathmandu for display |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/plane-hijacked-by-nepali-congress-in-kathmandu-for-display/ |publisher=The Himalayan Times |accessdate=1 September 2018 |date=22 May 2016}}</ref>

In 2017, a political and historical documentary about this incident titled ''Hijacking for Democracy'' was screened at the [[Nepal Tourism Board]] in Bhrikutimandap, Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Documentary on Nepal plane hijacking screened |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-08-11/documentary-on-nepal-plane-hijacking-screened.html |publisher=The Kathmandu Post |accessdate=1 September 2018 |date=11 August 2017}}</ref>

==Controversies==
It has been alleged that the money, meant to be used in the struggle for democracy, was misused. [[BP Koirala]] himself suspected that the money was misused.<ref name="BasnetRepublica" />

==See also==
* [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="BasnetRepublica">Post Bahadur Basnet, [http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=16917 "Operation Ganesh out, place hijack plan in"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929165625/http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=16917 |date=September 29, 2015 }}, ''Republica'', April 1, 2010</ref>
<ref name="GhimireTKP">Madhav Ghimire and Lilaballav Ghimire, [http://www.ekantipur.com/2010/03/27/oped/gpk-and-the-hijack/311118/ "GPK and the hijack"], ''The Kathmandu Post'', March 27, 2010</ref>
<ref name="CS-USLoC">[http://www.countrystudies.us/nepal/19.htm "The Panchayat System under King Mahendra"], ''Country Studies/Area Handbook Series, U.S. Library of Congress''</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* Subedi, Durga (2018). ''विमान विद्रोह - एउटा राजनीतिक अपहरणको बयान'' (in [[Nepali language|Nepali]]). Kitab Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100918172317/http://buddhaair.com/yatra/2010_april.pdf "The skyjack that shook Panchayat"]

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Nepal}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nepal plane hijack, 1973}}
[[Category:Aircraft hijackings in Asia]]
[[Category:1973 in Nepal]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Nepal]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]]
[[Category:Nepal Airlines accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:1973 crimes in Nepal]]
[[Category:1973 disasters in Nepal]]
[[Category:1970s in Bihar]]
[[Category:1973 crimes in India]]
[[Category:Forbesganj]]
[[Category:India–Nepal relations]]
[[Category:Hijackings in 1973]]

Indian epic poetry

2026-03-15T04:34:19Z

Bpk: brief improve content per standard format also and updated info

{{Short description|Epic poetry of the Indian subcontinent}}
{{Buddhism}}
{{Hindu scriptures}}
{{Jainism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
'''Indian epic poetry''' is the [[epic poetry]] written in the [[Indian subcontinent]], traditionally called '''''Kavya''''' (IAST: ''Kāvyá''). The ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', which were originally composed in [[Sanskrit]] and later translated into many other Indian languages, and the [[Five Great Epics]] of [[Tamil literature]] and [[Sangam literature]] are some of the oldest surviving epic poems ever written.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1755 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti - Amaresh Datta - Google Books |access-date=2012-05-10|isbn=9788126011940 |last1=Datta |first1=Amaresh |year=1988 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi }}</ref>

== List of longest epics==
{{anchor|Longest Indian epics|Lengthiest Indian epics|Longest Indian poems|Lengthiest Indian poems|Largest Indian epics|Largest Indian poems}}
{|class="wikitable"
! Image(s)
! Length (lines)
! Original title(s)
! [[Romanization]]
! Literal meaning(s)
! Original language(s)
! Place(s) of origin
! Author
! Genre
! Note(s)
|-
| [[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|thumb]]
| 1,00,000 couplets (2,00,000 lines)
| {{lang|sa|महाभारतम्}}
| [[Mahabharatam]]
| The Great Bharatam
| [[Sanskrit]]
| [[Indian subcontinent]]
| [[Vyasa]]
| [[Sanskrit literature]], [[Hinduism]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahabharata {{!}} Definition, Story, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mahabharata |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|
|51,820 lines (60,000 including ''Nanak Prakash)''
|ਗੁਰਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ ਸੂਰਜ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
|[[Suraj Prakash|Gur Pratap Suraj Granth]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bhai Vir Singh (1872-1957): religious and literary modernities in colonial and post-colonial Indian Punjab |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-29893-9 |editor-last=Malhotra |editor-first=Anshu |edition=First published |series=Routledge critical Sikh studies |location=London New York |editor-last2=Murphy |editor-first2=Anne}}</ref>
|The Sun-like eminence of the glory of the Guru
|[[Braj Bhasha]]
|[[Kaithal|The Sikh kingdom of Kaithal]]
|[[Kavi Santokh Singh|Mahakavi Santokh Singh]]
|[[Braj literature]], [[Sikh literature]]
|
|-
| [[File:Rama attacks Kabandha.jpg|thumb]]
| 24,000 couplets (48,000 lines)
| {{lang|sa|रामायणम्}}
| [[Ramayanam]]
|Rama’s Journey or Rama's progress
| [[Sanskrit]]
| [[Indian subcontinent]]
| [[Valmiki]]
| [[Sanskrit literature]], [[Hinduism]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramayana {{!}} Summary, Characters, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramayana-Indian-epic |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Khamba and Thoibi (The Capture of the Wild Bull).jpg|thumb]]
| 39,000 lines
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ}}}}
| [[Khamba Thoibi Sheireng]]
| Poem on [[Khamba and Thoibi]]
| [[Meitei language]] (officially called "[[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]")
| [[Manipur Kingdom]]
| [[:simple:Hijam Anganghal|Hijam Anganghal]]
| [[Epic cycles of incarnations in Moirang]], [[Meitei literature]]
| <ref name=":Sisir">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA190 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |pages=190 |language=en |quote=His epic Singel Indu was published in 1938 which was followed by his magnum opus Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (1940), a poem of 39000 lines, considered to be the 'national' epic of the Manipuris, written in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads.}}</ref><ref name=":Datta">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1573 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |pages=1573 |language=en |quote=His best work, Khamba Thoibi sheireng, in 39,000 lines on the story of 'Khamba and Thoibi' was started in 1939 and the composition was completed in 1940.}}</ref><ref name=":AIR">{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_8DwAAQBAJ&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Seireng&pg=PA1582 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XL. No. 35 ( 31 AUGUST, 1975 ) |date=1975-08-31 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |pages=1582 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Bazaar art print of Bhavadgita, c. mid-1900's.jpg|thumb]]
| 21,507
| {{lang|te|ఆంధ్ర మహాభారతం}}
| [[Andhra Mahabharatam]]
| The Telugu Great Bharatam
| [[Telugu language]]
| [[Eastern Chalukyas]]
| [[Kavitrayam]]
| [[Telugu literature]], [[Hinduism]]
|
|-
| [[File:Goddess Kannaki.jpg|thumb]]
| 5,730
| {{lang|ta|சிலப்பதிகாரம்}}
| [[Cilappatikaram]]
| The Tale of an Anklet
| [[Tamil language]]
| [[Tamilakam]]
| [[Ilango Adigal]]
| [[Sangam literature]]
|
|-
|
| 4,861
| {{lang|ta|மணிமேகலை}}
| [[Manimekalai]]
| Jewelled Belt, Girdle of Gems
| [[Tamil language]]
| [[Tamilakam]]
| [[Chithalai Chathanar]]
| [[Sangam literature]], [[Buddhism]]
|
|-
| [[File:Civakacintamani 1887 title page.png|thumb]]
| 3,145
| {{lang|ta|சீவக சிந்தாமணி}}
| [[Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi]]
| Jivaka, the Fabulous Gem
| [[Tamil language]]
| [[Tamilakam]]
| Tiruttakkatēvar
| [[Sangam literature]], [[Jainism]]
|
|}

== Hindi epics ==
In modern Hindi literature, ''[[Kamayani]]'' by [[Jaishankar Prasad]] has attained the status of an epic. The narrative of Kamayani is based on a popular mythological story, first mentioned in [[Satapatha Brahmana]]. It is a story of the [[Deluge mythology#India|great flood]] and the central characters of the epic poem are [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]] (a male) and [[Śraddhā|Shraddha]] (a female). Manu is representative of the human psyche and Shradha represents love. Another female character is [[Ida (goddess)|Ida]], who represents rationality. Some critics surmise that the three lead characters of Kamayani symbolize a synthesis of knowledge, action and desires in human life. It inspires humans to live a life based on "karm" and not on fortunes.

Apart from ''Kamayani'', ''Saketa'' (1932) by [[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], ''[[Kurukshetra|Kurukshetra (Epic Poetry)]]'' (1946), ''[[Rashmirathi]]'' (1952) and ''[[Urvashi]]'' (1961) by [[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']] have attained the status of [[epic poetry]].

Likewise ''Lalita Ke Aansoo''<ref>* [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60419441 Book:Lalita Ke Ansoo on worldcat]</ref> by Krant M. L. Verma (1978)<ref>''Hindustan'' ([[Hindi]] daily) [[New Delhi]] 12 January 1978 (ललिता के आँसू का विमोचन)</ref> narrates the tragic story about the death of [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] through his wife [[Lalita Shastri]].<ref>[[Panchjanya (newspaper)]] A literary review 24 February 1980</ref>

== Kannada epics ==
{{main|Kannada literature}}
[[Kannada language|Kannada]] epic poetry mainly consists of [[Jainism|Jain]] religious literature and [[Lingayatism|Lingayat]] literature. [[Asaga]] wrote ''Vardhaman Charitra'', an epic which runs in 18 [[canto]]s, in 853 CE,<ref>{{cite book |title=Lord Mahāvīra and his times, Lala S. L. Jain Research Series |last= Jain |first=Kailash Chand |year=1991 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=81-208-0805-3 |page= 25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-TxcO9dfrcC&q=asaga+9th+century&pg=PA25 }}</ref> the first [[Sanskrit]] biography of the 24th and last [[tirthankara]] of Jainism, [[Mahavira]], though his Kannada-language version of Kalidasa's epic poem, ''Kumārasambhava'', ''Karnataka Kumarasambhava Kavya'' is lost.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lord Mahāvīra and his times, Lala S. L. Jain Research Series |last= Jain |first=Kailash Chand |year=1991 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=81-208-0805-3 |page= 59|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UCh7r2TjQIC&q=asaga+9th+century+poet&pg=PA341 }}</ref> The most famous poet from this period is [[Pampa (Jain poet)|Pampa]] (902–975 CE), one of the most famous writers in the [[Kannada language]]. His ''[[Vikramarjuna Vijaya]]'' (also called the ''Pampabharatha'') is hailed as a classic even to this day. With this and his other important work [[Ādi purāṇa]] he set a trend of poetic excellence for the Kannada poets of the future. The former work is an adaptation of the celebrated [[Mahabharata]], and is the first such adaptation in Kannada. Noted for the strong human bent and the dignified style in his writing, Pampa has been one of the most influential writers in Kannada. He is identified as ''Adikavi'' "first poet". It is only in Kannada that we have a [[Ramayana]] and a Mahabharata based on the Jain tradition in addition to those based on Brahmanical tradition.

[[Shivakotiacharya]] was the first writer in prose style. His work [[Vaddaradhane]] is dated to 900 CE. [[Sri Ponna]] (939–966 CE) is also an important writer from the same period, with ''[[Shanti Purana]]'' as his magnum opus. Another major writer of the period is ''[[Ranna (Kannada poet)|Ranna]]'' (949-? CE). His most famous works are the [[Jainism|Jain]] religious work ''[[Ajita Tirthankara Purana]]'' and the [[Gada Yuddha]], a birds' eye view of the ''Mahabharata'' set in the last day of the battle of [[Kurukshetra]] and relating the story of the Mahabharata through a series of flashbacks. Structurally, the poetry in this period is in the ''Champu'' style, essentially poetry interspersed with lyrical prose.

The ''[[Siribhoovalaya]]'' is a unique work of multilingual [[Kannada literature]] written by [[Kumudendu Muni]], a [[Jain monasticism|Jain monk]]. The work is unique in that it does not employ letters, but is composed entirely in [[Kannada alphabet#Numbers|Kannada numerals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pustakshakti.com/siribhoovalaya_news_item_-_17.htm|title=Introduction to ''Siribhoovalaya'', from Deccan Herald|access-date=2007-03-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065505/http://www.pustakshakti.com/siribhoovalaya_news_item_-_17.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ''Saangathya'' [[metre (poetry)|metre]] of [[Kannada poetry]] is employed in the work. It uses numerals 1 through 64 and employs various patterns or ''bandhas'' in a frame of 729 (27×27) squares to represent letters in nearly 18 scripts and over 700 languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pustakshakti.com/siribhoovalaya_news_item_-_6.htm|title=Usage of ''Saangathya'' and frame of 729, from The Hindu newspaper|access-date=2007-03-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065432/http://www.pustakshakti.com/siribhoovalaya_news_item_-_6.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Some of the patterns used include the ''Chakrabandha'', ''Hamsabandha'', ''Varapadmabandha'', ''Sagarabandha'', ''Sarasabandha'', ''Kruanchabandha'', ''Mayurabandha'', ''Ramapadabandha'', and ''Nakhabandha''. As each of these patterns are identified and decoded, the contents can be read. The work is said to have around 600,000 verses, nearly six times as big as the ancient Indian epic ''Mahabharata''.

The ''[[Prabhulingaleele]]'', ''[[Basava purana]]'', ''[[Channabasavapurana]]'' and ''[[Basavarajavijaya]]'' are a few of the Lingayat epics.

== Meitei epics ==
{{Main|List of epics in Meitei language|Epic cycles of incarnations|Meitei Mahabharata|Meitei literature}}

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| footer = Scenes from the [[Khamba Thoibi]] epic legend, which is the seventh and the last part of the [[Epic cycles of incarnations]]. 
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[[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]]), an old [[Sino-Tibetan]] language, originated from [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]) in [[North East India]], is a language with a rich granary of epic poetries, mostly written in archaic version of the [[Meitei script]] in [[PuYa|Puya]]s, the Meitei texts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |others=Original from:the [[University of Michigan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref>

The sagas of the seven [[epic cycles of incarnations]] of the two divine lovers were originated from the shoreline [[Moirang]] around the [[Loktak lake]] in [[Manipur]]. Their stories were composed in both prose and poetry, among which the ballad versions were usually sung by the minstrels, playing [[Pena (musical instrument)]] since ancient times.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Oinam |first1=Bhagat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 |title=Northeast India: A Reader |last2=Sadokpam |first2=Dhiren A. |date=2018-05-11 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0-429-95320-0 |pages=236, 237 |language=en |quote=The epics of the seven incarnations Apart from several other works based on the theme of love, mention may be made of the literature coming from the Moirang region of Manipur. A civilization situated on the magnificent Loktak Lake, the culture of the Moirang clan has been noted. Numerous manuscripts of the Moirang region dwell on the theme of love. One of the most popular stories refers to the seven pairs of lovers who are regarded as incarnations of the same souls in different generations or ages. The seven cycles are Akongjamba (hero) and Phouoibi (heroine): Henjunaha (hero) and Leima Lairuklembi (heroine); Khuyol Haoba (hero) and Yaithing Konu (heroine); Kadeng Thangjahanba (hero) and Tonu Laijinglembi (heroine); Ura Naha Khongjomba (hero) and Pidonnu (heroine); Wanglen Pungdingheiba (hero) and Sappa Chanu Silheibi (heroine); Khamba (hero) and Thoibi (heroine).}}</ref>

The ''[[Khamba Thoibi Sheireng]]'' (based on the story of [[Khamba and Thoibi]]) is regarded as the greatest of all the Meitei epics. It is regarded as the [[national epic]] of the [[Manipuris]].<ref name=":George">{{Cite book |last=George |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA258 |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems |date=1992 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-324-0 |location=India |pages=258 |language=en |quote=H. Anganghal Singh's Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (Poem on Khamba Thoibi, 1940) is a national epic of the Manipuris based on the story of Khamba and Thoibi of Moirang. The poet composes the whole epic in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads sung by minstrels or bards popular in Manipur.}}</ref><ref name=":Amaresh">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1186 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |pages=1186 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA190 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |pages=190 |language=en |quote=His epic Singel Indu was published in 1938 which was followed by his magnum opus Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (1940), a poem of 39000 lines, considered to be the 'national' epic of the Manipuris, written in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads.}}</ref> It consists of approximately 39,000 [[Verse (poetry)|verses]].<ref name=":Datta">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1573 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |pages=1573 |language=en |quote=His best work, Khamba Thoibi sheireng, in 39,000 lines on the story of 'Khamba and Thoibi' was started in 1939 and the composition was completed in 1940.}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir" /><ref name=":AIR">{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_8DwAAQBAJ&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Seireng&pg=PA1582 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XL. No. 35 ( 31 AUGUST, 1975 ) |date=1975-08-31 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |pages=1582 |language=en}}</ref> The epic poetry has fifteen chapters ({{langx|mni|Pandup}}) and ninety two sections ({{langx|mni|Taangkak}}). It is based on the legendary love story of [[Khuman Khamba]], an orphan man, and [[Khamba Thoibi|Thoibi]], the then princess of [[Moirang]]. Though the legend existed in the immortal songs of the Meitei balladeers, it was composed in a proper poetic version by Hijam Anganghal in 1940.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |others=Original from:the [[University of Michigan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |pages=226, 227 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:The classical Meitei epic of the "Numit Kappa", written in ancient Meitei language (in archaic Meitei script).jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Numit Kappa]], a [[:en:wikibooks:Classical Meitei|Classical Meitei]] epic text written during the 1st century, based on ancient [[Meitei mythology]] and religion ([[Sanamahism]])]]

The ''[[Numit Kappa]]'', literally meaning "Shooting at the Sun" in [[Meitei language|Meitei]], is a 1st-century BC Meitei epic, based on the story of a hero named ''Khwai Nungjeng Piba'', who shoots one of the two shining [[sun]]s in the sky, to create the [[night]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |others=Original from:the [[University of Michigan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |pages=26–29 |language=en}}</ref>

The ''Ougri'' is the collection of musical epic poetries, associated with religious themes, originated during the reign of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] in 33 AD.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |others=Original from:the [[University of Michigan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |pages=13, 14 |language=en}}</ref> Other epics include ''Shingel Indu'' by Hijam Anganghal, ''Khongjom Tirtha'' by Nilabir Sharma, ''Chingoi Baruni'' by Gokul Shastri, ''Kansa Vadha'' by A. Dorendrajit, and ''Vasudeva Mahakavya'' by Chingangbam Kalachand.
However, the [[Sanskrit]] epics such as the [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Ramayana]] were also translated into [[Meitei language]] in the medieval times.
Other translated epic works include the ''[[Meghnad Badh Kavya]]'', the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'', and the ''[[Ashtakam]]''.

== Assamese epics ==
{{Main|Assamese literature}}
In 14th century Madhav Kandali dubbed the epic Ramayana as [[Saptakanda Ramayana]]. In chronology, among vernacular translations of the original Sanskrit, Kandali's Ramayana comes after [[Kambar (poet)|Kamban]]'s ([[Ramavataram|Tamil]], 12th century)and [[Ranganatha Ramayanamu|Gona Budda Reddy's]] ( [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: [[Ranganatha Ramayanamu|Ranganath Ramayanamu]]) and ahead of [[Krittibas Ojha|Kirttivas]]' ([[Krittivasi Ramayan|Bengali]], 15th century), [[Tulsidas]]' ([[Ramacharitamanasa|Awadhi]], 16th century), Balaram Das' (Oriya) etc. Thus it becomes the first rendition of the [[Ramayana]] into an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] in the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goswāmī, Māmaṇi Raẏachama, 1942-2011.|title=Rāmāyaṇa from Gangā to Brahmaputra|publisher=B.R. Pub. Corp|year=1996|isbn=817018858X|location=Delhi|pages=47208217}}</ref>

== Sanskrit epics ==
The ancient Sanskrit epics the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and ''[[Mahabharata]]'' comprise together the [[Itihāsa]] ({{Literal translation|writer has himself witnessed the story}}) or [[Mahākāvya]] ("Great Compositions"), a [[wiktionary:canon|canon]] of [[Hindu scripture]]. The epic form prevailed and verse remained, until very recently, the preferred form of Hindu literary works. [[Indian culture]] readily lent itself to a literary tradition that abounded in epic poetry and literature. The [[Puranas]], a massive collection of verse-form histories of India's many Hindu gods and goddesses, followed in this tradition. [[Itihāsa]] and [[Puranas]] are mentioned in the [[Atharva Veda]]<ref>Atharva Veda 11.7.24, 15.6.4</ref> and referred to as the ''fifth Veda''.<ref>Chāndogya Upaniṣad 7.1.2,4</ref>

The language of these texts, termed ''Epic Sanskrit'', constitutes the earliest phase of [[Classical Sanskrit]], following the latest stage of [[Vedic Sanskrit]] found in the [[Shrauta Sutras]]. The ''[[Suparṇākhyāna]]'', a late Vedic poem considered to be among the "earliest traces of epic poetry in India," is an older, shorter precursor to the expanded legend of [[Garuda]] that is included within the ''Mahābhārata''.<ref name="Winternitz1996">{{cite book|author=Moriz Winternitz|title=A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRfuJFRV_O8C&pg=PA292|year=1996|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0264-3|pages=291–292}}</ref><ref name="Vogel1995">{{cite book|author=Jean Philippe Vogel|title=Indian Serpent-lore: Or, The Nāgas in Hindu Legend and Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caskYEbIQDoC&pg=PA53|year=1995|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1071-2|pages=53–54}}</ref>

The Buddhist kavi [[Aśvaghoṣa]] wrote two epics and one drama. He lived in the 1st-2nd century. He wrote a biography of the Buddha, titled Buddhacarita. His second epic is called Saundarananda and tells the story of the conversion of Nanda, the younger brother of the Buddha. The play he wrote is called Śariputraprakaraṇa, but of this play only a few fragments remained.

The famous poet and playwright [[Kālidāsa]] also wrote two epics: ''[[Raghuvamsha]]'' (''The Dynasty of Raghu'') and ''[[Kumarasambhava]]'' (''The Birth of Kumar Kartikeya''). Other classical Sanskrit epics are the ''Slaying of Śiśupāla'' ''[[Śiśupālavadha]]'' of [[Māgha]], ''Arjuna and the Mountain Man'' ''[[Kirātārjunīya]]'' of [[Bhāravi]], the ''Adventures of the Prince of Nishadha'' ''[[Naiṣadhacarita]]'' of [[Śrīharṣa]] and ''Bhaṭṭi's Poem'' ''[[Bhaṭṭikāvya]]'' of [[Bhaṭṭi]].

== Tamil epics ==
{{main|Five Great Epics}}
The post-[[sangam period]] (2nd century-6th century) saw many great [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] epics being written, including ''[[Cilappatikaram]]'' (or ''[[Silappadhikaram]]''), ''[[Manimegalai]]'', ''[[Civaka Cintamani]]'', ''[[Valayapathi]]'' and ''[[Kundalakesi]]''. Out of the five, ''Manimegalai'' and ''Kundalakesi'' are Buddhist religious works, ''Civaka Cintamani'' and ''Valayapathi'' are [[Tamil Jain]] works and ''Silappatikaram'' has a neutral religious view. They were written over a period of 1st century CE to 10th century CE and act as the historical evidence of social, religious, cultural and academic life of people during the era they were created. ''Civaka Cintamani'' introduced long verses called ''virutha pa'' in Tamil literature,<ref name="Dat">Datta 2004, p. 720</ref> while ''Silappatikaram'' used ''akaval'' meter (monologue), a style adopted from Sangam literature.

Later, during the [[Chola]] period, [[Kambar (poet)|Kamban]] (12th century) wrote what is considered one of the greatest Tamil epics — the [[Kambaramayanam|''Kamba Ramayanam'']] of [[Kambar (poet)|Kamban]], based on the Valmiki Ramayana. The Thiruthondat Puranam (or [[Periya Puranam]]) of Chekkizhar is the great Tamil epic of the Shaiva Bhakti saints and is part of the religious scripture of Tamil Nadu's majority Shaivites.

== Telugu epics ==
Most of the Telugu epics are about [[Hinduism]].

The first known Telugu epic was the [[Andhra Mahabharatam]] written by the [[Kavitrayam]] (11th-14th centuries)

Other main Telugu epics are the [[Ranganatha Ramayanamu]], [[Basava Purana]], and the [[Amuktamalyada]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book| title=A History of Sanskrit Literature |author=Arthur Anthony Macdonell |year=1900 |location=New York |publisher=D. Appleton and company |chapter=[[s:A History of Sanskrit Literature/Chapter 10|The epics]]|author-link=Arthur Anthony Macdonell }}
* {{cite book| title=Bhatti's Poem: The Death of Rávana (Bhaṭṭikāvya) |author=Oliver Fallon |year=2009 |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press, Clay Sanskrit Library |chapter=Introduction|author-link= }}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://mahabharata.manipal.edu/ MAHE Mahabharata Digital Concordance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525142303/http://mahabharata.manipal.edu/ |date=25 May 2020 }} by i Department of Philosophy - Manipal]

{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Epic Poetry}}
[[Category:Classical literature]]
[[Category:Indian poetics]]
[[Category:History of literature in India]]
[[Category:Kannada literature]]
[[Category:Meitei poetry]]
[[Category:Sanskrit literature]]
[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Telugu-language literature]]
[[Category:Epic poetry]]
[[Category:Indian poetry|E]]

Kamlakant Chari

2026-03-14T20:44:28Z

Bpk: made basic details basic info!

{{Short description|Indian stage designer (1942–2014)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kamlakant Chari
| image = Kamlakant Chari.jpg
| caption = Chari in an undated portrait released by [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] in 2012
| birth_name = Comlo Naraina Chari
| birth_date = {{birth date|1942|11|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Parcem]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| death_place = [[Goa Medical College]], Bambolim, Goa, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2014|5|1|1942|11|17|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Stage designer|sound designer|lighting designer<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=342–343 |language=en |access-date=2024-01-12 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| years_active = 1970s–2011
| spouse = {{marriage|Bebi Babu Zo|1979}}
| children = 1
}}

'''Kamlakant Narayan Chari''' (born '''Comlo Naraina Chari'''; 17 November 1942 – 1 May 2014) was an Indian [[stage designer]], [[light designer]], and [[sound designer]] known for his work in [[Marathi theatre]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions.

==Early life==
Kamlakant Narayan Chari, originally named Comlo Naraina Chari, was born on 17 November 1942, in [[Parcem]], [[Goa]], which was a part of [[Portuguese India]] during the era of the [[Portuguese Empire]]. He was born into a [[Hindu]] family to parents Naraina Comlo Chari (later Narayan Kamla Chari), hailing from [[Pernem#List of towns and villages|Corgao]]-[[Pernem]], and Loximin (later Laxmi Narayan Chari),<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bendi |first=Narayan Shripad |date=23 April 1979 |title=Registration of Marriage |url=https://services.goaonline.gov.in/t-bhBeG0CQ4fUsYdqv8IWwf5w3eZzN2KGTpvN2hifLJPLWeFdNsAhiO1IVBeFWJo--sxuDiSkj4cBouH8BYx9uSNz3jbx95PL995kcSxtnrrU1qqZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> who was a [[homemaker]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 June 2006 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/Appln/UIL/BirthDeathCertificate_af?__Key=&_Mode=B&__cscKey= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810131321/https://goaonline.gov.in/HomePage |archive-date=10 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> Chari showed a strong interest in painting, design, acting, and mechanical work since he was young. His artistic path began with participating in [[Marathi theatre|Marathi plays]] in nearby villages. His stage presence was known for his acting talent, which held the audience's interest. He showed a strong enthusiasm for [[stage design]], offering helpful ideas to improve the overall visual impact of theatrical productions. As time progressed, Chari realized his potential for innovative [[stage set]]ting. This realization ignited his passion and spurred him to explore new horizons in stage design.<ref name=":5" />

==Career==
In the early stages of his career, Chari faced the challenge of not having his own [[stage set]]s and curtains. To surmount this challenge, he utilized a stage setting facility located in [[Mapusa]], where he obtained the required [[stage prop]]s. At times, he even took on the responsibility of transporting all the curtains via bicycle from Mapusa to [[Panjim]], returning them the next day after the event had ended. Chari's work and diligence yielded rewards in both his personal and professional life. Despite not achieving considerable financial success from his stage setting services, he established a reputation as a creative and well-liked stage [[set designer]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2011-10-27 |title=Meet Kamlakant Chari, at 'Kolakorak Bhett', – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2011/10/27/magazines/buzz/ilive-meet-kamlakant-chari-kolakorak-bhett/ |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418100218/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2011/10/27/magazines/buzz/ilive-meet-kamlakant-chari-kolakorak-bhett/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Chari dedicated over four decades of his life to serving the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''[[tiatr]]'' stage by supplying essential stage settings. He belonged to a new wave of stage set designers, employing modern techniques and approaches. Initially, he catered to amateur ''[[tiatrist]]s'', gradually earning the opportunity to collaborate with directors such as [[Jacinto Vaz]], [[M. Boyer]], Fr. Freddy J. Da Costa, [[Remmie Colaço]], and others. Through his work, Chari established a leading position for himself within the ''tiatr'' stage community. Furthermore, Chari extended his talent and expertise to [[Marathi theatre|Marathi drama]]s from the 1970s onwards. His distinctive stage settings garnered accolades and recognition not only within [[Goa]] but also at the national level.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=da Costa |first=Fausto V. |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=253}}</ref>

Chari had the privilege of representing Goa at the National Theatre festival known as [[Bharat Rang Mahotsav]]. This festival, jointly organized by the [[National School of Drama]] in [[New Delhi]] and the [[Nehru Centre]] in [[Mumbai]], served as a platform for showcasing theatrical talent from across the country.<ref name=":5" /> Furthermore, Chari was an active participant in multiple state-level theater festivals across cities like Mumbai, [[Delhi]], [[Bangalore]], [[Pune]], and [[Kolhapur]]. During the 20th century, the influx of ''tiatr'' directors from [[Bombay]] to Goa brought about an interesting collaboration. Given the abundance of stage sets in Bombay, owing to the widespread production of dramas called ''nataks'', these directors would transport the sets along with their productions. However, Chari's skills as a stage set designer caught the attention of popular ''tiatr'' directors like [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]] and [[C. Alvares]]. Upon discovering his talent, they sought his assistance, and Chari willingly joined forces with them. While traveling through diverse villages and cities, Chari shared his knowledge with various ''tiatr'' directors, accompanied by his son Kapil, who offered assistance along the way. Although Kapil's involvement initially lacked a serious commitment, it laid the foundation for his future contributions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Setting the stage for tiatr |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Setting-the-stage-for-tiatr/139025 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2023-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122143253/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Setting-the-stage-for-tiatr/139025 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chari's impact on the commercial ''tiatr'' stage was significant. In a milestone, he introduced stage sets for the first time in a ''tiatr'' production written and directed by [[Jacinto Vaz]], a comedian of the ''tiatr'' stage. The quality of Chari's stage sets did not go unnoticed, earning admiration from other figures within the ''tiatr'' community.<ref name=":0" />

During the peak period of ''[[tiatr]]'' stage shows, artists like [[M. Boyer]], Prem Kumar, C. Alvares, Bab Peter, Mike Mehta, [[John Claro]], Rosario Rodrigues, [[Roseferns]], [[Prince Jacob]], Pascoal, [[Mario Menezes]], [[John D'Silva]], Comedian Agostinho, Comedian Domnic, Peter Roshan, Fr. Freddy J. Da Costa, and others enlisted the skills of Chari to design [[stage set]]s for their ''tiatr'' performances. Chari's artistic abilities were not limited to the ''tiatr'' genre; he also showcased his creativity by designing unique stage sets for [[Chris Perry (musician)|Chris Perry]]'s [[musical show|musical productions]] in the 1970s. Chari's contributions were regarded in the annual competitions organized by the [[Kala Academy]], where he crafted stage sets for the award-winning ''tiatrs'' of artists like [[Tomazinho Cardozo]] and Cezar D'Mello, among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Sa |first=Victor |date=27 October 2011 |title=Kamalakant Chari in TAG's Meet the Artiste Programme |url=https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210194355/https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |archive-date=2011-02-10 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=Tiatr Academy of Goa}}</ref>

His prowess in stage setting transcended cultural boundaries, as he left a mark on the [[Marathi theatre|Marathi stage]] as well. Nationally recognized for his set designing and execution, Chari's productions included ''Kalokh Det Hunkar'', ''Junction Bharatpur'', ''Themb Themb Abhal'', ''Swapnavasavdatta'', ''Pratima'', ''Demaiz'', ''Waiting Room'', ''Natasamrat'', ''Sandhya Chaya'', ''Kulavadhu'', and ''Naganand''. In addition to his artistic endeavors, Chari dedicated himself to public service, serving as a ''panch'' (member) in the [[Merces, Goa|Merces]] [[village panchayat]] for a complete term from 1979 to 1983.<ref name=":0" /> Testament to his work and skill, Chari's collaboration with Prince Jacob's Production endured for a span of 28 years, starting around the year 1985.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-04 |title=Tiatr's princely showman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/tiatrs-princely-showman/articleshow/19369803.cms?_gl=1*1gg21g1*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMzQyOTcxMS4xODIuMC4xNzEzNDI5NzExLjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.173412579.1718014432.1713421500-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Chari's influence extended to other ''tiatr'' productions as well. He contributed his stage design skills to Augie D'Mello and [[Anil Kumar (actor)|Anil Kumar]]'s ''tiatr lxob'' (2009),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-10-10 |title=A punch at Goans' hypocritical attitude |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-punch-at-goans-hypocritical-attitude/articleshow/5108619.cms?_gl=1*1oz3vnn*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMzQzMzkwNC4xODMuMC4xNzEzNDMzOTY5LjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.138761459.1718014432.1713421500-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Joaquim Dias's ''tiatr Asha'' (2011),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-11 |title='Asha' revolves around an inter-religious love story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/asha-revolves-around-an-inter-religious-love-story/articleshow/10686373.cms?_gl=1*1exhtkx*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMzQzMzkwNC4xODMuMC4xNzEzNDMzOTA3LjU3LjAuMA..#_ga=2.138761459.1718014432.1713421500-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419033411/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/asha-revolves-around-an-inter-religious-love-story/articleshow/10686373.cms?_gl=1%2A1exhtkx%2A_ga%2AYW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.%2A_ga_FCN624MN68%2AMTcxMzQzMzkwNC4xODMuMC4xNzEzNDMzOTA3LjU3LjAuMA..#_ga=2.138761459.1718014432.1713421500-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Salvador Fernandes's ''tiatr Thank You Doctor'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-09 |title='Thank You Doctor' is a love story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/thank-you-doctor-is-a-love-story/articleshow/10660807.cms?_gl=1*xtr3jj*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxMzQzMzkwNC4xODMuMC4xNzEzNDMzOTA0LjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.138376560.1718014432.1713421500-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419033414/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/thank-you-doctor-is-a-love-story/articleshow/10660807.cms?_gl=1%2Axtr3jj%2A_ga%2AYW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.%2A_ga_FCN624MN68%2AMTcxMzQzMzkwNC4xODMuMC4xNzEzNDMzOTA0LjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.138376560.1718014432.1713421500-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
On 23 April 1979, Chari, aged 37, entered into matrimony with Bebi Babu Zo, a 28-year-old [[homemaker]] from [[Agaçaim]]. The couple underwent the process of [[civil marriage]] registration in [[Panaji]], with Chari asserting his birthplace as [[Merces, Goa]],<ref name=":2" /> despite the discrepancy with his birth certificate stating [[Parcem]].<ref name=":3" /> Their son Kapil (born 1981), would later embark on a career as a [[stage designer]] in the realm of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater. Following the death of his father, Kapil embraced the responsibility of upholding and advancing his father's artistic legacy. He directed his focus towards [[stage set]]s, dedicating himself to the family business while eschewing involvement in the realms of decorations and [[Sound reinforcement system|sound system]]s. Chari, known for his proficiency in carpentry and painting curtains, was characterized by his strong work ethic, as he exhibited a greater inclination towards diligent labor rather than entrepreneurial pursuits.<ref name=":1" />

On 1 May 2014, Chari, aged 71, died at [[Goa Medical College]] in [[Bambolim]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2014 |title=Directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation and office of the chief registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154022/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/ErrorPage/500.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chari, Kamlakant}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian scenic designers]]

Hampi (town)

2026-03-13T22:55:07Z

Bpk: made first place added tags

{{About|a city in Karnataka|the world heritage site|Hampi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hampi
| image_skyline = Hampi, India, View of Hampi Bazaar from Matanga Hill.jpg 
| other_name = Vijayanagara 
| settlement_type =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|15.335|N|76.462|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vijayanagar District|Vijayanagara]]
| unit_pref =

| elevation_m = 467
| population_total = 2777<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/604731-hampi-karnataka.html|title=Hampi Village Population - Hospet - Bellary, Karnataka|publisher=Census2011.co.in|accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN code
| postal_code = 583239
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| website =
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hospet]]
}}
'''Hampi''' is a city in the [[Vijayanagar District|Vijayanagara district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="ballarihampi">[http://www.ballari.nic.in/hosprof.htm Ballari:Hospet:Hampi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110162710/http://www.ballari.nic.in/hosprof.htm |date=10 January 2019 }}, Official Website of Ballari District, Government of Karnataka</ref> Located along the [[Tungabhadra River]] in the east and center part of the state, Hampi is near the city of [[Hospet]]. It is famous for hosting the [[Hampi Group of Monuments]] with the [[Virupaksha Temple]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241|title=Group of Monuments at Hampi|publisher=World Heritage|accessdate=20 December 2006}}</ref> The city was possibly known as '''[[Kishkindha]]''' in the [[Ramayana]] age.

Hampi is mentioned in Ashokan epigraphy and texts such as the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the [[Purana]]s of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi Tirtha Kshetra.<ref name="Verghese2002p1"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=John M. Fritz|author2=George Michell|author3=Clare Arni|title=New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Trx8UH1UbG4C|year=2001|publisher=Marg Publications|isbn=978-81-85026-53-4|pages=1–7}}</ref><ref name=ASI>{{cite book|author=D. Devakunjari|title=World Heritage Series: Hampi|date=2007 |publisher=Eicher Goodearth Ltd, New Delhi - for [[Archaeological Survey of India]]|isbn=978-81-87780-42-7|page=8}}</ref> Hampi was a part of Vijayanagara, the capital of the Hindu [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in the 14th-century.<ref name="Verghese2002p1">{{cite book|author=Anila Verghese|title=Hampi|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TDduAAAAMAAJ|year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn =978-0-19-565433-2|pages=1–18}}</ref><ref name="Fritz2015p11"/> It became a center of economic and administrative activity of the Deccan region kingdom founded in opposition to Islamic Sultanates in [[South India]]. After over two centuries of rule, the Empire [[Battle of Talikota|was defeated]] and abandoned. Since the 19th-century, its ruins have been an important site for archaeologists and historians.<ref name="Fritz2015p11">{{cite book|author1=John M. Fritz|author2=George Michell|title=Hampi Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZbQoQEACAAJ |year=2015|publisher=Jaico Publishing|isbn=978-81-8495-602-3|pages=11–23, backpage}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Joan-Pau Rubiés|title=Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India Through European Eyes, 1250-1625|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adpkHQ9SCq0C |year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52613-5|pages=234–236}}</ref>

==Geography==
Hampi is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, amid rocky hills. It is {{convert|348|km}} from [[Bangalore]], {{convert|385|km}} from [[Hyderabad]] and {{convert|266|km}} from [[Belgaum]]. The closest railway station is in the city of [[Hospet]] (Hosapete), 13km away, and the closest airport is [[Jindal Vijaynagar Airport]] in [[Toranagallu]], {{convert|32|km}} away, which has connections to [[Bengaluru]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Overnight buses and trains also connect Hampi with [[Goa]] and [[Bengaluru]].{{sfn|Fritz|Michell|2016|pp=154–155}}

==Economic activity==
The principal economic activities in and around the town include agriculture, tourism and industrial activity related to iron ore, manganese and other minerals mining. The average rainfall around Hampi town is about 660mm but continues to vary due to climate change impact. The major crops grown are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, groundnut, sunflower, sugarcane and cotton. Some of the Hampi farmlands are irrigated and there is a large dam nearby.<ref name=ballarihampi/>

===Tourism===
Hampi hosts, in part, a [[Hampi Group of Monuments|group of monuments]] that [[UNESCO]] has declared a world heritage site.<ref name="unesco"/> Every year, over 700,000 tourists visit Hampi.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rural.tourism.gov.in/Hampi-Village-Bronze.html | title=Rural Tourism }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.backpackingbella.com/hampi-itinerary-2-days/ | title=This is the Best 2 Day Hampi Itinerary (2024) | date=5 August 2024 }}</ref>

In and after the 1960s, the town became an attraction for motorbikers and a site for offbeat tourism when its infrastructure was in poor condition. Groups of tourists would gather on its hills and amidst its ruins to hold parties and spiritual retreats. These have been called "Hampi Hippies" and Hampi has been referred to as the "lost city" in some publications.<ref name="Aitken1999p219">{{cite book|author=Bill Aitken|title=Divining the Deccan: A Motorbike to the Heart of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUJuAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564711-2|pages=219–221}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=David Hatcher Childress|title=Lost Cities of China, Central Asia, and India: A Traveler's Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBAeAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Adventures |isbn=978-0-932813-00-8|pages=186–187}}</ref>

The annual Hampi Utsava or "''Vijaya Festival''" has been celebrated since the reign of Vijayanagara. It is organised by the [[Government of Karnataka]] as ''Nada Habba'' (Festival).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karnataka.com/hampi/hampi-festival/|title=Hampi Utsav | Hampi Festival | Vurupaksha Temple|publisher=Karnataka.com|date=9 January 2015|accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box|collapsed =
|location = Hampi
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 30.9
|Feb high C = 33.5
|Mar high C = 36.5
|Apr high C = 37.9
|May high C = 37.5
|Jun high C = 33.2
|Jul high C = 30.8
|Aug high C = 31.0
|Sep high C = 31.2
|Oct high C = 31.4
|Nov high C = 30.5
|Dec high C = 29.9
|Year high C =
|Jan low C = 18.1
|Feb low C = 19.9
|Mar low C = 22.5
|Apr low C = 23.6
|May low C = 24.9
|Jun low C = 23.9
|Jul low C = 23.3
|Aug low C = 22.9
|Sep low C = 22.5
|Oct low C = 21.9
|Nov low C = 19.9
|Dec low C = 17.8
|Year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 0
|Feb precipitation mm = 0
|Mar precipitation mm = 2
|Apr precipitation mm = 24
|May precipitation mm = 58
|Jun precipitation mm = 61
|Jul precipitation mm = 87
|Aug precipitation mm = 90
|Sep precipitation mm = 129
|Oct precipitation mm = 123
|Nov precipitation mm = 25
|Dec precipitation mm = 16
|Year precipitation mm =
|source=[http://en.climate-data.org/location/277439/ Climate data: Hampi]
|date=December 2010}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Society}}
* [[Anegundi]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Fritz|first1=John M|last2=Michell |first2=George|title=Hampi Vijayanagara|publisher=Jaico |isbn=978-81-8495-602-3 |year=2016}}
* S.Srinivasachar, T.S.Satyan, ''Hampi : The fabled capital of the Vijayanagara Empire'', (Directorate of Archaeology and Museums), Govt. of Karnataka, 1995

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Hampi}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140625055724/http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_hampi.asp Archaeological Survey of India Museum Hampi]
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241 Group of Monuments at Hampi - UNESCO World Heritage List]
* [https://www.trikonjourneys.com/blog/architectural-wonders-of-india-hampi/ Architectural Wonder Hampi ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701165005/https://www.trikonjourneys.com/blog/architectural-wonders-of-india-hampi/ |date=1 July 2018 }}
* [http://www.karnataka.com/hampi/about-hampi/ Hampi @ Karnataka.com]

{{Historical Places in Karnataka}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hampi| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Vijayanagara district]]

Arjun (2004 film)

2026-03-10T17:26:44Z

Bpk: updated details

{{short description|2004 film by Gunasekhar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Arjun
| image = Arjun Poster.jpg
| caption =
| writer = '''Story''' & '''Screenplay''': Gunasekhar '''Dialogues''': [[Paruchuri Brothers]]
| starring = [[Mahesh Babu]] [[Shriya Saran]] [[Keerthi Reddy]] [[Raja Abel|Raja]] [[Prakash Raj]] [[Saritha]]
| director = [[Gunasekhar]]
| producer = [[Ramesh Babu|G. Ramesh Babu]]
| country = India
| cinematography = [[Sekhar V. Joseph]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| released = {{Film date|2004|08|18|df=y}}
| runtime = 174 minutes
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹20 crore<ref name="BSI" />
}}
'''''Arjun''''' is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Gunasekhar]] and produced by [[Ramesh Babu|G. Ramesh Babu]]. The film starred [[Mahesh Babu]] as the titular character along with [[Shriya Saran]], [[Keerthi Reddy]], [[Raja Abel|Raja]], [[Prakash Raj]], and [[Saritha]]. The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The film follows [[Twin|twin siblings]] Arjun and Meenakshi. When Meenakshi shares her plan to elope with her lover, Uday, Arjun successfully convinces Uday's parents to consent to the marriage. However, after the parents agree, they repeatedly attempt to murder Meenakshi to claim a family property, forcing Arjun to step in and save his sister's life.

The film featured a massive replica of the [[Meenakshi Temple|Madurai Meenakshi Temple]], designed by [[Thota Tharani]]. This set was one of the largest ever built in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] and took six months to build at [[Padmalaya Studios]].<ref name="id" /> The film released on 18 August 2004 and was moderately successful at the box office, however was unable to recoup its expensive budget of ₹20 crore and stood as an average success overall.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-25 |title=చిరంజీవికి పేరు లేని సినిమా ఏదో తెలుసా..? |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/in-rakshasudu-movie-chiranjeevi-dont-have-name-322601 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=[[Namasthe Telangana]] |language=te |quote=ఉదాహరణకు అర్జున్ సినిమా తీసుకోండి. మహేశ్‌ బాబు హీరోగా నటించిన ఈ సినిమాను గుణశేఖర్ తెరకెక్కించాడు. 2005లో విడుదలైన ఈ సినిమాకు యావరేజ్ కలెక్షన్స్ వచ్చాయి.}}</ref><ref name="BSI">{{Cite news |date=2005-01-01 |title=When Tollywood tunes didn't mesmerise box-office |url=http://www.business-standard.com:80/article/Companies/When-Tollywood-tunes-didn-t-mesmerise-box-office-105010101062_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312105938/http://www.business-standard.com:80/article/Companies/When-Tollywood-tunes-didn-t-mesmerise-box-office-105010101062_1.html |archive-date=2013-03-12 |access-date=2022-07-18 |work=Business Standard |location=India |quote=This was followed by a slew of duds that included the Rs 12-crore Nani, the Rs 20-crore Arjun ....}}</ref> The film won three [[Nandi Awards]]. ''Arjun'' was Keerthi Reddy's final acting performance prior to her retirement from the film industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Directorate of Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm36IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=36IIFA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323225446/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm36IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=36IIFA.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2015 |access-date=12 July 2015 |work=iffi.nic.in}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Arjun and his twin sister Meenakshi finish college, and their parents decide to look for a good man to marry Meenakshi. Meenakshi shows Arjun a letter from their friend Uday, who confesses his love for her and asks her to elope with him as his parents Bala Nayagar and Andal are arranging his marriage with a different girl. Meenakshi tells Arjun that she, too, is interested in Uday. Arjun goes to [[Madurai]], where Uday lives with his parents and is about to get married. Arjun tells Uday's parents about the letter and asks for their consent for marriage. Uday dares to marry Meenakshi before their parents' approval comes. Uday's parents agree for Meenakshi as their daughter-in-law, though they have different plans in mind.

Meanwhile, Arjun meets Roopa, who also happens to be from Madurai, and they fall for each other. In Meenakshi's house, Uday's parents plan to kill her as they had lost a chance to grab a millionaire's property by an arranged marriage. They make multiple attempts to kill Meenakshi, but she survives. Arjun comes to the conclusion that they are trying to kill his sister, but Uday and Meenakshi do not believe him. At last, Meenakshi believes him when they try to kill her while Uday was away. She escapes with Arjun and Roopa's help and gives birth to twins. In that fight, Bala dies, and Andal develops [[paralysis]]. Uday watches how they tried to kill Meenakshi and believes Arjun's version. They all reconcile and live peacefully.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mahesh Babu]] as Arjun
* [[Keerthi Reddy]] as Meenakshi, Arjun's twin sister (voice dubbed by [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]])
* [[Shriya Saran]] as Roopa
* [[Raja Abel|Raja]] as Uday, Meenakshi's husband
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Bala Nayagar, Uday's father
* [[Saritha]] as Andal, Uday's mother
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Police Commissioner Ratnavelu
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Roopa's father
* [[Murali Mohan]] as Anand Rao, Arjun and Meenakshi's father
* [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] as Parvathamma, Arjun and Meenakshi's paternal aunt
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as invigilator
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Doranna
* [[Rajan P. Dev]] as Govindarajulu
* Master Ram Teja (Maanas Nagulapalli)
}}

==Production==
The film was produced by Mahesh's brother [[Ramesh Babu|Ramesh]]. This was Mahesh's last film released before he married [[Namrata Shirodkar]]. On the other hand, this was the first movie (and the last as of July 2008) of Keerthi Reddy after her marriage. The film was launched at Padmalaya Studios in Hyderabad on 18 July 2003, to which the whole unit of the film attended. The technical team, except for art and lyrics, were retained from Mahesh-Gunasekhar's previous film, ''[[Okkadu]]''. The filming had a single schedule which started from 18 July itself.<ref name=ar>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-arjun.html|title=Muhurat of 'Arjun'|publisher=idlebrain.com|date=18 July 2003|accessdate=18 December 2013}}</ref> Mahesh played a role similar to the one he played in ''Okkadu'', while [[Shriya Saran]] was hired as the heroine opposite him. Keerthi Reddy played the role of Mahesh's sister and paired with [[Raja Abel|Raja]] in the film. [[Prakash Raj]] played the role of Bala Nayakar, the last heir of the Nayakar dynasty who were well known in the history of Madurai while [[Saritha]] made a comeback to Telugu cinema after 16 years in the role of Andal, the wife of Nayakar.<ref name=ar />

The main attraction of the film was the colossal set of [[Meenakshi Amman Temple|Madurai Meenakshi Temple]] created by art director [[Thota Tharani]]. Its details were revealed on 29 September 2003 by the production unit via a press meet. Thota Tharani, along with the director and his team, stayed in Madurai Meenakshi Temple for 15 days. He drew his sketches to the minute details and replicated them in Hyderabad. The initial estimate of the Temple set cost was {{INR}} 2.5 crores which were supposed to be built in three months. But, it took six months with over 500 workers constructing the set. The total cost of this set turned out to be {{INR}} 4 crores. This set was constructed in a 5-acre space of Padmalaya Studios near Gandipet. This set consist of Gaali Gopuram, Pond and Garbhagudi. The set had a lifetime of 3 years with resistance to all types of climatic conditions. Thota Tharani used 90 tons of iron in the construction of this temple set for longevity. 90 tons of iron itself cost around 42 lakhs. The pond in the temple has a depth of 3 feet. It took five days of continuous filling using five motors to fill the water. The Gaali Gopuram is of 130 feet, which is equivalent to the original Gaali Gopuram at Madurai temple. A set of temple priests from Madurai came to this set and installed a replica idol of Meenakshi Amman in the Garbhagudi. This traditional installation took 8 hours (from 6 am to 2 pm). Gunasekhar used 25 powerful generation sets for a song to be shot in the temple in night effect.<ref name=id />

Another set for the exterior of Prakash Raj character's house and the streets of Madurai were also created at Padmalaya studios of Gandipet. The shooting happened at Padmalaya Studios in these sets for 60 Days which was equivalent to 40% of the film's shoot. The song "Madhura Madhuratara" was shot in day effect while "Dum Dumaare" was shot in night effect at Madurai Temple set.<ref name=id>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/showcase/arjun.html|title=Arjun's Madura Meenakhi Temple set|publisher=idlebrain.com|date=29 September 2003|accessdate=18 December 2013}}</ref>

One song sequence with Mahesh and Shriya was shot in [[St. Petersburg]] in [[Russia]], and another was shot in the [[Issyk-Kul]] lake region, [[Tian Shan]] mountains, and [[Ala Archa National Park]] of [[Kyrgyzstan]].

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Arjun
| type = Soundtrack
| longtype =
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| caption =
| alt =
| released = 22 July 2004
| recorded = 2004
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Mani Sharma]]
| prev_title = [[Yagnam (2004 film)|Yagnam]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Gudumba Shankar]]
| next_year = 2004
}}

This film consists of six songs. The audio was launched at a floor of Padmalaya Studios on 22 July 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-arjun.html|title=Audio function - Arjun|date=22 July 2004|access-date=24 September 2025|website=Idlebrain}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Veturi]]
| all_music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| title1 = Okka Maata
| length1 = 05:41
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| title2 = Oh Cheli Nee Oyyarale
| length2 = 05:13
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title3 = Madhura Madhuratara
| length3 = 05:34
| extra3 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| title4 = Ra Ra Rajakumara
| length4 = 05:34
| extra4 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| title5 = Aey Pilla
| length5 = 04:50
| extra5 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[S. P. Charan]]
| title6 = Dum Dumare
| length6 = 06:14
| extra6 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], K. S. Chithra
}}

==Reception==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote "The movie starts with a terrific frame of Mahesh narrating his story. First half of the film is fair. There is no bang/twist for the interval. The graph goes down in second half. Action sequences dominated the sentiment feel in the climax of the film, which made the climax unimpressive".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-arjun.html|last=Jeevi|access-date=24 September 2025|title=Movie review: Arjun|website=Idlebrain}}</ref> ''Telugu Cinema'' wrote "Technical wizardry, Mahesh's performance, Mani Sarma's music, Thota-Tarani's art, and Sekhar's camera are the highlights of the film. The film is a rehash of [[Puttintiki Ra Chelli]]! starring Arjun, Meena & Swathi, and is filled with predictable stuff".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/movies/arjun_movie.shtml|date=18 August 2004|first=Sharat|last=Chandra|access-date=24 September 2025|website=Telugu Cinema|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820050237/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/movies/arjun_movie.shtml|archive-date=20 August 2004|title=Arjun - Movie Review}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]] - [[Keerthi Reddy]] {{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]] – [[Thota Tharani]]
*[[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Awards]] – [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Saritha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0907619}}

{{Gunasekhar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arjun (Film)}}
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gunasekhar]]
[[Category:Films set in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:2004 action drama films]]

Pellakur mandal

2026-03-06T00:26:58Z

Bpk: New Some Pg Needs Work

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pellakur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.8305399|N|79.8096502|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Mandal
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pellakur mandal,Tirupati district|Pellakur mandal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 41
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pellakur mandal''' is a Village and Mandal in [[Tirupati district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/
|title=List of Sub-Districts
|publisher=Census of India
|accessdate=2007-03-26
}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Pellakuru is located at {{coord|13.8333|N|79.8333|E}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Pellakuru.html Falling Rain Genomics.Pellakuru]</ref> It has an average elevation of 41 meters (137 feet).
Pellakuru is located in between Naidupet and Sri Kalahasthi.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tirupati district}}
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Tirupati district]]

Aakhri Ghulam

2026-03-03T23:47:59Z

Bpk: cleanup citations after review and added references

{{Short description|1989 Indian Hindi film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aakhri Ghulam
| image = Aakhri Ghulam.jpg
| caption = VCD Cover
| director = [[Shibu Mitra]]
| producer = [[Salim Khan]]
| writer =
| starring = [[Mithun Chakraborty]] [[Sonam (actress)|Sonam]]
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1989|07|07}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget = 
}}

'''''Aakhri Ghulam''''' is a 1989 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[Shibu Mitra]]. It stars [[Mithun Chakraborty]] and [[Sonam (actress)|Sonam]] in the lead roles,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Agnihotri |first=Ram Awatar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IP5kAAAAMAAJ&q=aakhri+ghulam |title=Artistes and Their Films of Modern Hindi Cinema: Cultural and Sociopolitical Impact on Society, 1931-1991 |date=1992 |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers |isbn=978-81-7169-180-7 |language=en}}</ref> along with [[Moushumi Chatterjee]], [[Raj Babbar]], [[Raza Murad]], [[Ranjeet]], [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Anupam Kher]] in significant supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player |url=https://www.mxplayer.in/movie/watch-aakhri-ghulam-movie-online-0ecb97e96c10741eed7dbff10523e7b9?pageLanguage=hi |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=mxplayer.in}}</ref>

== Plot ==
This is the story of Bheema, who has served the family of the tyrannical Zamindar Daulat Singh for generations. One day he revolts and challenges them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aakhri Ghulam (1989) Movie: Watch Full Movie Online on JioCinema |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/aakhri-ghulam?type=0&id=7b0d77c0e6ec11e7ba4283afdd11d221 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Jiocinema |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]] as Bheema
*[[Sonam (actress)|Sonam]] as Sonam Singh
*[[Moushumi Chatterjee]] as Kumar's Wife
*[[Raj Babbar]] as Kumar
*[[Raza Murad]] as Jaggu Dada
*[[Ranjeet]] as Shera
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Banwarilal
*[[Anupam Kher]] as Rai Bahadur Daulat Singh
*[[Saeed Jaffrey]] as Fakeer
*[[Viju Khote]] as Munim
*[[Jagdish Raj]] as Jailor
*[[Shiva Rindani]] as Shiva
*[[Tej Sapru]] as Shamsher Singh
*[[Anu Kapoor]] as Dinu

==Soundtrack==
#"Pyar Mila To Jana Yeh Dil Ne" – [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Shabbir Kumar]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
#"Sathiya O Sathiya" (Part-1) – Asha Bhosle, [[Shabbir Kumar]]
#"Sathiya O Sathiya" (Part-2) – Uttara Kelkar, Sarika Kapoor
#"Malik Mere" – [[K. J. Yesudas]]
#"Dil Ki Kitaab Hoon" – [[Alisha Chinai]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0178175|Aakhri Ghulam}}

[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:1989 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1989 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s action drama films]]
[[Category:1980s crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:1989 action films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Nallathe Nadakkum

2026-03-03T04:56:28Z

Bpk: made a info added tags...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nallathe Nadakkum
| director = [[K. Shankar]]
| screenplay = K. Shankar
| story = Thanga Balan
| producer = M. G. Vikas M. G. Vinoth
| starring = {{ubl|[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]|[[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]]|[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]}}
| cinematography = M. C. Sekar
| editing = K. Shankar V. Jayapal
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| studio = Paramount Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1993|07|30}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Nallathe Nadakkum''''' ({{translation|Only good things will happen}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[mystery film|mystery]] [[drama film]] directed by [[K. Shankar]]. The film stars [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], [[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]] and [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], with [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[Janagaraj]], [[Senthil]], [[Silk Smitha]] and [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] playing supporting roles. It was released on 30 July 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=நல்லதே நடக்கும் / Nallathe Nadakkum (1993) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/nallathe-nadakkum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082422/https://screen4screen.com/movies/nallathe-nadakkum |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>

==Plot==

Prakash is a public prosecutor who lives with his widow mother. In the past, his father was sentenced to the death penalty for the crime he didn't commit. So Prakash became a lawyer to save innocent people.

Sengodan is accused of killing the village chief Meganathan in the village (Mangalapuram) festival. During the first day of his trial, Sengodan claims innocence and refuses to have a lawyer. Prakash strongly believes that Sengodan is a killer. Later, Sengodan's sister Jeeva, who is also Prakash's lover, personally meets Prakash to prove that her brother is wrongfully accused. During the second day of his trial, Prakash tries everything to save Sengodan from the capital punishment but he fails and Sengodan is sentenced to the death penalty.

Afterwards, Prakash's mother who had a heart disease dies of heart attack. During the funeral rites, a wounded man states that Sengodan is innocent and passes away in the arms of Prakash. Prakash is now determined to save the innocent Sengodan from the hanging. He takes one-month leave and goes to Mangalapuram in order to investigate this odd affair. He learns that his lover Jeeva killed herself after the verdict, and her ghost is singing the night in the village. Prakash then takes refuge at Valliammal's house. Valliammal's daughter Jaya slowly falls in love with Prakash.

Prakash starts to suspect Meganathan's brother Vikraman and Meganathan's widow Ramadevi to be the murderers. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

==Cast==

{{cast listing|
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Prakash
*[[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]] as Jeeva
*[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Jaya
*[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Vikraman
*[[M. N. Nambiar]]
*[[Janagaraj]] as Rami
*[[Senthil]] as Boologam
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Ramadevi
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Valliammal
*[[Pasi Sathya]] as Vaigundam
*Anuja as Thaiyalnayaki
*Bhanumathi as Prakash's mother
*Sumathisri as Mangalam
*Saathappan Nandakumar as Meganathan
*[[Kumarimuthu]] as Siruppu Singaram
*[[Thideer Kannaiah]]
*[[LIC Narasimhan]]
*Thillai Rajan
*[[T. K. S. Natarajan]]
*[[Shanmugasundari]] as Anjala
*[[Samikkannu]]
}}

==Soundtrack==

The soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 1992 |title=Nallathu Nadakkum (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/nallathu-nadakkum-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/719520486 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240223091751/https://music.apple.com/au/album/nallathu-nadakkum-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/719520486 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| "En Swami Iyyappan" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 4:50
|-
| "Marangotthi" || [[S. Janaki]] || 4:42
|-
| "Nalla Rathiri" || [[K. S. Chithra]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 5:07
|-
| "Onnu Rendu" || S. Janaki || 5:06
|-
| "Vaa Thalaivaa" || S. Janaki || 5:03
|}

==Reception==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film a negative review, criticising the "insipid" screenplay and "lacklustre" treatment. She also felt the comedy subplot involving Janagaraj, Senthil and Sathya "evokes no laughs".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=30 July 1993 |title=Insipid |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930730&printsec=frontpage |access-date=4 November 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|3269096}}
{{K. Shankar}}

[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s mystery drama films]]
[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Shankar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian mystery drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Thendral Varum Theru

2026-03-03T04:55:43Z

Bpk: quick adjust formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thendral Varum Theru
| image = Thendral Varum Theru.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = N. G. Gowri Manohar
| writer = [[Mu. Metha]]
| producer = B. Anandhi S. Sikandar Batcha G. M. Manimegalai Mallika Metha S. Amuthakumar
| starring = [[Ramesh Aravind]] [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]]
| cinematography = [[Dinesh Baboo]]
| editing = P. R. Shanmugam
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Tamilmagal Creations
| released = {{Film date|1994|9|15|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Thendral Varum Theru''''' ({{Translation|A Breezy Street}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] which is the directorial debut of N. G. Gowri Manohar and screenwriting debut of [[Mu. Metha]]. The film stars [[Ramesh Aravind]] and [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]]. It was released on 15 September 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thendral Varum Theru ( 1994 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=1830 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040507222305/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=1830 |archive-date=7 May 2004 |access-date=21 February 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=August 2022}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Ramesh Aravind]]
*[[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]]
*[[Rizabawa]]
*[[Charuhasan]]
*[[Chinni Jayanth]]
*[[Charle]]
*[[Bonda Mani]]
*[[T. S. Raghavendra]]
*[[Omakuchi Narasimhan]]
}}

== Production ==
''Thendral Varum Theru'' is the directorial debut for N. G. Gowri Manohar, and Mu. Metha's first film as screenwriter.<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=23 September 1994 |title=Squaring up with triangle |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940923&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and lyrics for all songs were written by Mu. Metha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thai Mozhi / Thendral Varum Theru |url=https://avdigital.in/products/thai-mozhi-thendral-varum-theru |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220020444/https://avdigital.in/products/thai-mozhi-thendral-varum-theru |archive-date=20 February 2023 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=AVDigital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1994 |title=Thendral Varum Theru (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Ilayaraja |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/thendral-varum-theru-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1578685151 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220071103/https://music.apple.com/us/album/thendral-varum-theru-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1578685151 |archive-date=20 February 2023 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| Amma Pillaiya || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Uma Ramanan]], Baby Prasanna || 05:00
|-
| Meni Kodhikkuthadi || Mano || 05:01
|-
| Pachaiyappa || [[Gangai Amaran]], Pachaiyappa College Students || 05:01
|-
| Pudhiya Paravai || [[Swarnalatha]] || 04:59
|-
| Thendral Varum || Mano, [[Minmini]] || 04:55
|-
| Unnai Pole || 'Kovai' Soundararajan, Mano, [[K. S. Chithra]] || 05:00
|}

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' praised Gowri Manohar's direction and Metha's writing, but said Ramesh Aravind was probably the only actor with a "consistent performance and characterisation". She felt Kasturi failed to do complete justice to her role and Rizabawa's role was not well defined.<ref name="IE review" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0318754}}

[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1994 romance films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Zaeden

2026-02-28T19:30:42Z

Bpk:

{{Short description|Indian singer and record producer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Zaeden
| image =
| image_size = 261x261px
| caption = Zaeden in 2020
| alias =
| origin =
| birth_name = Sahil Sharma
| birth_place = Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| genre = [[Indian pop|I-pop]] • Pop • [[Dance-pop]] • [[electronic dance music|electronic]]
| occupation = Singer • Producer • DJ • Sound Engineer
| years_active = 2014–present
| label = [[Universal Music]], [[Warner Music Group]], [[Spinnin' Records|Spinnin']], [[Universal Music India|VYRL Originals]]
| website = {{URL|http://zaedenmusic.com/}}
| landscape = yes
}}
'''Sahil Sharma'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-17 |title=What Keeps Zaeden Looking This Good? |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/grooming-special/what-keeps-zaeden-looking-this-good-we-got-him-to-tell-us |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Man's World India |language=en}}</ref> (born 2 July 1995), better known by his stage name '''Zaeden''', is an Indian singer and record producer.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Isaac|first1=Christopher|title=The young and restless|url=http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/music/240117/the-young-and-restless.html|publisher=The Asian Age|date=24 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=celebrity hindi singer zaeden |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/singer/zaeden |newspaper=nettv4u.com}}</ref>

==Early life and career beginnings==
Zaeden was born in [[Gurugram]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Zaeden: I am open to exploring opportunities in Bollywood |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/zaeden-i-m-open-to-exploring-opportunities-in-bollywood-101736511962333.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Growing up, he attended The Heritage School,<ref name="MidDay">{{cite news|last1=Banan|first1=Aastha|title=DJ Zaeden says ingredient of a good remix is keeping it simple and easy|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/dj-zaeden-says-ingredient-of-a-good-remix-is-keeping-it-simple-and-easy/17931166|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|date=22 January 2017}}</ref> where he played the [[tabla]] and piano throughout school. At the age of 14, he began performing as a DJ.<ref name="HT">{{cite news|last1=Shah|first1=Manali|title=I played tabla, guitar during school: DJ Zaeden|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/i-played-tabla-guitar-piano-during-school-dj-zaeden/story-4VWaWGbwG5oHrdBU4OoaFJ.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 February 2017}}</ref> He briefly studied [[mass communication]] at [[Amity University, Noida]] before relocating to [[Mumbai]] to study [[sound engineering]].<ref name="HT"/>

Sharma stated that his given name was too common in India, and so he chose the stage name "Zaeden" as it meant "out of the box thinking" in [[Latin]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|last1=Paitandy|first1=Priyadarshini|title=DJ Zaeden on the origin of his name, and the emotional tug of certain songs|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/dj-zaeden-on-his-music/article17538461.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 March 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Zaeden got married on October 26, 2024, to DJ Nina Shah in an intimate wedding ceremony held in Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zaeden Reflects on the Beginning of His Love Story with Nina: Our Connection Through Music - Exclusive |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/zaeden-nina-love-story-music-article-151594104 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Sharma began his career at the age of 14,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arora|first1=Naina|title=DJ Zaeden says Delhi is always open to new music|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/dj-zaeden-says-delhi-is-always-open-to-new-music/story-Pog3e0OqHzI8TP3wdezNvI.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 February 2017}}</ref> by mixing tapes of dance music releases and distributing them among his friends, which led him to release his first single titled "Land of Lords" in 2014.<ref name="Hindu"/> That same year, his remix of [[Coldplay]]'s "[[Magic (Coldplay song)|Magic]]" aired on Dutch DJ [[Hardwell]]'s radio show [[Hardwell On Air]], making him one of the youngest DJs to be featured on the show.<ref name="MidDay"/> He further released his official remix of [[Maroon 5]]'s single "[[Don't Wanna Know]]" that year.<ref>{{cite news|title=DJ Zaeden : Going places!|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-02-22/DJ-Zaeden--Going-places/282440|publisher=[[The Hans India]]|date=22 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2015, he signed with [[Spinnin' Records]] and released his single "Yesterday," a collaborative effort with American DJ [[Borgeous]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Zwilling |first=Eric |url=http://www.dancingastronaut.com/2015/12/borgeous-zaeden-yesterday-original-mix/ |title=Borgeous & Zaeden – Yesterday (Original Mix) |publisher=Dancing Astronaut |date=28 December 2015 |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref>

In 2016, Sharma was a closing act for DJ [[David Guetta]]'s [[Mumbai]] concert.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ganguly|first1=Srijani|title=Meet the DJ who got to close David Guetta's Mumbai concert|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/music/story/dj-zaeden-maroon-5-dont-wanna-know-david-guetta-mumbai-concert-lifest-961465-2017-02-19|work=[[India Today]]|date=19 February 2017}}</ref> That same year, he became one of the few Indian artists to have performed at the [[Tomorrowland (festival)|Tomorrowland Festival]] in Belgium, where he premiered "Yesterday" along with his remix of [[Justin Bieber]]'s "[[Love Yourself]]."<ref name="HT"/> In July of that year, Sharma released his second single under Spinnin' titled "Never Let You Go," a collaborative effort with DJ duo Nina & Malika.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tagat|first1=Anurag|title=Zaeden's musical notes|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Zaedens-musical-notes/article14472613.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ganguly|first1=Srijani|title=This 21-year-old DJ chooses to be behind the turntable simply because it makes him happy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/music/story/21-year-old-dj-sahil-sharma-zaeden-never-let-you-go-lifest-336366-2016-08-21|work=[[India Today]]|date=21 August 2016}}</ref> The track featured vocals by Cimo Frankel, and the subsequent music video was shot across Europe.<ref name="Zaeden is new spin sensation">{{cite news|title=Zaeden is new spin sensation|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2016-08-28/Zaeden-is-new-spin-sensation/250850|publisher=[[The Hans India]]|date=28 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gautam|first1=Tanya|title=Making crowd go crazy|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Making-crowd-go-crazy/article14566453.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 August 2016}}</ref> He was also featured on [[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ]] magazine's 'Best Dressed List 2016' and MensXP's list of ‘Top 50 Indians who defined fashion in 2016.'<ref>{{cite news|title=DJ Zaeden collaborates with Maroon 5 for 'Don't Wanna Know' remix|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/170109-dj-zaeden-collaborates-maroon-5-dont-wanna|publisher=Radio & Music|date=9 January 2017}}</ref> He also spoke at the [[TED (conference)#TEDx|TEDx]] conference at The Heritage School that year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nadadhur|first1=Srivathsan|title=Talking 'music' with DJ Zaeden|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Talking-%E2%80%98music%E2%80%99-with-DJ-Zaeden/article14583519.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2017, Sharma released his official remix of Maroon 5's collaborative effort with American rapper [[Kendrick Lamar]], "[[Don't Wanna Know]]."<ref>{{cite news|title=DJ Zaeden : Going places!|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-02-22/DJ-Zaeden--Going-places/282440|publisher=[[Hans India]]|date=22 February 2017}}</ref> He also released his third single titled "City of the Lonely Hearts" featuring Cimo Frankel. That same year, he was one of the opening acts for the [[Mumbai]] date on Justin Bieber's [[Purpose World Tour]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber India Concert: Highlights|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/music/Justin-Bieber-leaves-India-hours-after-Mumbai-concert/photostory/58639843.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Zaeden and Sartek to open Justin Bieber's purpose tour India|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/press-releases/170427-zaeden-and-sartek-open-justin|publisher=Radio & Music|date=27 April 2017}}</ref>

On 5 September 2019, Zaeden released his first Hindi non-film song, "tere bina" on VYRL, Universal Music along with a music video featuring [[Amyra Dastur]]. A few weeks later, he released its acoustic version with [[Jonita Gandhi]]. A regular performer at [[Tomorrowland (festival)|Tomorrowland]], he debuted "tere bina" during his third appearance there.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

He went on to release four more singles, "kya karoon?", "dooriyan", "intezaar," and "socha na tha". He also collaborated with [[Lost Stories (DJs)|Lost Stories]] for "Noor," and Sez on the Beat for "Kahaani 2020". In 2021, he released his debut album titled "Genesis 1:1". It featured 11 tracks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zaeden Talks About His Debut Album Genesis 1:1 {{!}} Grazia India |url=https://www.grazia.co.in/people/zaeden-talks-about-his-debut-album-genesis-11_-7664.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.grazia.co.in |language=en}}</ref>

The 25-year-old has been featured on GQ's Best Dressed and MensXP's ‘Top 50 Indians who defined fashion in 2016’ list.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Sanjana |date=2024-09-28 |title=GQ Best Dressed 2024: Badshah, Zaeden bring the house down at the coolest party of the year |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/gq-best-dressed-2024-badshah-zaedan-bring-the-house-down-at-the-coolest-party-of-the-year |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref> He has collaborated with designers Shantanu & Nikhil, and Siddhartha Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B37CRfMBUt-/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>

In 2023, He launched his own [[fragrance]] brand "SOL".<ref>{{Cite web |last=IN |first=FashionNetwork com |title=Pop artist Zaeden launches unisex fragrance brand 'Sol' |url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Pop-artist-zaeden-launches-unisex-fragrance-brand-sol-,1540792.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=FashionNetwork.com |date=27 July 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Discography==

=== Albums ===
* ''Genesis 1:1'' (2021)

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;" | Year
!Album
! scope="col" style="width:15em;" | Song
!Co-singer
|-
| 2014
|{{Non-album single}}
| scope="row" | Land of Lords
|Syzz
|-
| 2015
|
| scope="row" | Yesterday
|[[Borgeous]]
|-
| 2016
|
| scope="row" | Never Let You Go
|<big>{{small|Nina & Malika}}</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
|
| scope="row" | City of the Lonely Hearts
|<big>{{small|Cimo Fränkel}}</big>
|-
|
| scope="row" | Tere Jaane Se
|[[Ankit Tiwari]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018
|
| scope="row" | [[Tempted to Touch]]
|[[Rupee (musician)|Rupee]]
|-
|
| scope="row" | Something like
|[[Yves V]], Jermaine Fleur
|-
|
| scope="row" | Uncomplicated
|[[Lost Stories (DJs)|Lost Stories]], Matthew Steeper
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
|
| scope="row" | tere bina
|
|-
|
|tere bina (Acoustic)
|[[Jonita Gandhi]]
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2020
| rowspan="2" |''Genesis 1:1''
| scope="row" | kya karoon?
|
|-
| scope="row" | dooriyan
|
|-
|
| scope="row" | Kahaani 2020
|Sez on the Beat, Enkore, yungsta,
Lit Happu, Shayan Roy
|-
|
| scope="row" | Noor
|[[Lost Stories (DJs)|Lost Stories]], Akanksha Bhandari
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Genesis 1:1''
| scope="row" | intezaar
|somanshu
|-
| scope="row" | socha na tha
|
|-
|
| scope="row" | for Christmas
|[[Natania Lalwani|Natania]]
|-
| rowspan="8" |2021
| rowspan="6" |''Genesis 1:1''
|yaadein
|AAKASH
|-
|1000 pieces
|Polar
|-
|jaaye na tu
|Nishu
|-
| scope="row" | KTMBK
|Hanita Bhambari
|-
| scope="row" | days
|
|-
| scope="row" | kho gaya
|[[Yashraj]], AAKASH
|-
|
| scope="row" | Settle Down
|[[Fly By Midnight]]
|-
|
| scope="row" | Setting Sail (Soundtrack from "Modern Love" Season 2)
|[[Lisa Mishra]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
|
| scope="row" |Paas Aa
|AAKASH
|-
|
| scope="row" |Lagda Na
|Stunnah Beatz
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|
|Aa Mil
|[[Lisa Mishra]]
|-
|
|jaana
|
|-
|
|Dreams
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|
|5 am
|
|-
|
|Aawara
|King, [[Kshmr]]
|-
|
|pia <3
|
|-
|
|Deewana
|
|-
|2025
|
|Raaz<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poorvaja |first=S. |date=September 15, 2025 |title=Singer-songwriter Zaeden on his new song ‘Raaz’ and what inspires his music |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-songwriter-zaeden-on-his-new-song-raaz-and-what-inspires-his-music/article70037236.ece |access-date=January 1, 2026 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Indian DJs]]
[[Category:Progressive house musicians]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Indian electronic musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Electronic dance music DJs]]

Ranoji

2026-02-20T15:40:06Z

Bpk: New New Stub Added Tags

{{unreliable sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Short description|16th-century Maharana of Jhalavad}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ranigdev
| title = [[Maharana]] [[Raja|Raj]]
| image = Maharana Raj Ranoji celebrates Navratri.ppm.png
| caption = Maharana Raj Ranoji dancing on ''Rasada Haq Pade Vinar Jagjo'' with the women of his family and court during the Navratri festival, 1515.
| succession = [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Maharana Raj Sahib of Jhalavad]]
| reign = 1500-1523
| predecessor = Ajoji
| successor = [[Mansinhji I]]
| birth_date = 1491
| birth_place = [[Halvad]], [[Kingdom of Jhalavad]]
| death_date = 1523
| death_place =
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*Hetkunvarba or Kalyande Vaghela, of [[Sanand]]
*Naniba Chavda of Mansa
*Jatan kunwar Rathore, Daughter of Rao Lunkaran of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]]
*Ajab kunvarba Jadeja of Bhadarwa
*Hirjiba Solanki of Gajana}}
| issue = [[Mansinhji I]] Vasaji Udaysinhji
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name = Ranigdev I Raidharji Jhala
| house = [[File:Drapeau Dhrangadhra.png|25px]] [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Halvad]]
| father = Raidharji
| mother = Asade [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]] of [[Muli State|Muli]]
| dynasty = [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]]
| module =
}}
[[Maharana]] [[Raja|Raj]] '''Ranigdev''', also known as '''Ranoji''', was the 26th [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Maharana of Jhalavad]]. He deposed his step-brother Ajoji in 1500 and ruled until his death in 1523.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha |pages=516–517 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Watson |first=John Whaley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIEoAAAAYAAJ&q=R%C3%A1noji&pg=PA24 |title=Statistical Account of Dhrángadhrá: Being the Dhrángadhrá Contribution to the Káthiáwár Portion of the Bombay Gazetteer |date=1878 |publisher=Education Society's Press,Byculla |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Mayne |first=C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBU-AQAAMAAJ |title=History of the Dhrangadhra State |date=1921 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |language=en}}</ref>

==Biography==

=== Early life ===
Ranoji was born in 1491 to Raidharji and his second wife, Asade [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]] of [[Muli State|Muli]]. After Raidharji's death in 1500, Ajoji, Ranoji's elder step-brother, succeeded to the throne of [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Jhalavad]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qHiAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteer |date=1989 |publisher=Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |pages=292–293 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Jhala |first=Jayasinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZqDwAAQBAJ&q=Ranoji&pg=PA228 |title=Genealogy, Archive, Image: Interpreting Dynastic History in Western India, c. 1090-2016 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060129-9 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Seizing the throne ===
Later, when Ajoji went to Haridwar to perform some rituals, Ranoji, with the support of his maternal grandfather Lakhdarji, the [[Thakur (title)|Thakore Sahab]] of [[Muli State|Muli]], closed the gates of [[Halvad]] and seized control. Ranoji was then declared the new Maharana, effectively deposing his step-brother. Although Rajmata Asade was the regent until Ranoji grew mature.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Wilberforce-Bell |first=Harold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmZDAAAAYAAJ |title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times |date=1980 |publisher=Ajay Book Service |pages=88 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Upon his return to Halvad, Ajoji learned of his brother's betrayal and went to seek help from the [[Sultan of Gujarat|Sultan of Ahmedabad]]. However, the Sultan, having received a large nazrana (gift) from Lakhdarji, refused to assist him. Other neighbouring [[Rajput kingdoms]] including [[Idar State|Idar]] and [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]] refused to help Ajoji against a powerful Rajput state.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

===Death===
Ranoji once ordered the execution of Malik Bakhan of [[Dasada Assembly constituency|Dasada]]. Malik Shajiv, the son of Malik Bakhan killed Ranoji to avenge his father's death in 1523. Ranoji was succeeded by his son [[Mansinhji I]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{morecat|date=December 2025}}

[[Category:1523 deaths]]
[[Category:1491 births]]

Hangoi

2026-02-19T06:09:59Z

Bpk: made a info from scratch!

{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

[[File:Princess and Frog.jpg|thumb|A [[Meitei princess]] and a Hangoi (Frog) in a [[Meitei folktale]]]]

'''Hangoi''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯉꯣꯏ}}), also known as '''Hangngoi''' or '''Hang-ngoi''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯪꯉꯣꯏ / ꯍꯡꯉꯣꯏ}}),<ref name=":untold_meaning_of_meetei_and_meitei_by_raghu_ningthoujam" /> refers to a [[frog]] or [[toad]] in the [[Meitei language]] of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=H. Surmangol|date=2006|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary ("Frog")|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=Frog&matchtype=default|access-date=2026-02-13|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|publisher=[[University of Chicago]]|location=Chicago, USA|page=202|language=mni, en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=XOBDO |title=hangoi - XOBDO.ORG Dictionary Entry |url=https://xobdo.org/dic/hangoi |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=xobdo.org |language=en}}</ref> The character of Hangoi holds a significant place in the Meitei arts, [[Meitei folklore|folklore]], [[Meitei mythology|mythology]], [[Sanamahism]] ([[traditional Meitei religion]]) of [[ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]), often depicted as clever, resourceful, or morally instructive in traditional stories.<ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul">[[Sharma, B. Jayantakumar]]. Phungawari Shingbul (Fungawari Singbul). New Delhi: [[Sahitya Akademi]], 2018. ISBN 9788126029112. (Code: MZQ764)</ref><ref name=":Haobam. 2009. Folk Tales of Manipur">Bilashini, Haobam. 2009. Folk Tales of Manipur. Vol. 1. India: Rajendra Sagolsem Publications Pvt. Ltd.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Interpreting the Princess and the Frog By James Oinam|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Interpreting_the_Princess_and_the_Frog_By_James_Oinam|access-date=2026-02-13|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== In creation myths ==
{{See|Meitei mythology}}
In Meitei cosmology, the Supreme Creator God entrusted his son, [[Lainingthou Sanamahi]], with the task of creating humans. During this process, Sanamahi produced a variety of creatures that did not meet the Creator’s expectations for what constituted a human being. Among these early creations was the frog, or Hang-ngoi. The frog occupies an important place in the narrative as one of the pre-human beings, showing the experimental stages of creation prior to the formation of humans.<ref name=":untold_meaning_of_meetei_and_meitei_by_raghu_ningthoujam">{{Cite web|title=The Untold Meaning of MEETEI and MEITEI|url=https://e-paolive.net/download/2025/03/untold_meaning_of_meetei_and_meitei_by_raghu_ningthoujam.pdf|website=e-paolive.net|quote=... His father did not accept it either. Undeterred, Lainingthou. Sanamahi continued His attempts, creating Hang-ngoi (a frog), followed by Maku (an owl), Oak ...}}</ref><ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" />
=== In the Wakoklon text ===
Hangoi or “frog” is referenced in the [[Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya]], a holy and sacred manuscript text of [[Sanamahism]], the indigenous religion of the [[Meitei civilisation]]. According to the text, Sitapa Mapu, literally “Immortal Master” or “Immortal Owner”, the Supreme Creator God, gave various beings with a [[soul]] (thouwai or thawai) during the primordial era, rather than creating them [[:en:wikt:ex nihilo|ex nihilo]]. Hangoi is mentioned alongside humans, fish, monkeys, insects, and other animals, as part of a [[cosmology]] in which all living beings possess a soul and participate in the divine order. Specifically, the manuscript text mentions humans (Mee), animals or beasts (Sa), fish (Nga), monkeys or apes (Yong), insects (Teel), mosquitoes (Kang), and other creatures such as [[grasshopper]]s (Kaucheng), [[houseflies]] (Haying), [[Drosophila|fruit flies]] (Tumit), and several additional beings referred to as Wahi, Khalou, and Khoiya. These entities are described as existing simultaneously with humans, showing a conception of the natural world in which all life forms are spiritually animated and integral to the primordial creation ordained by Sitapa Mapu.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466689|title=Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok|last=Thokchao Pangkanpa|first=Thokchom|date=1958|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|others=Manipur University Library|location=India|language=mni}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Concept Of The thouwai of The Meetei Race Of Kangleipak|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The-Concept-Of-The-thouwai-of-The-Meetei-Race-Of-Kangleipak|access-date=2026-02-13|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

[[File:Frog illustration.jpg|thumb|Frog illustration]]

== In folktales ==

Hangoi appears in several notable [[Meitei folktales]], including:
* Kei amadi Shamu bu Hangoi na Maithiba Piba (“The Clever Frog Defeats Tiger and Elephant”), in which Hangoi uses wit to overcome larger and stronger animals.<ref name=":The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant">{{Cite web|title=manipur channel >>Folks ~ E-Pao! News About Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epPrinter.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant|access-date=2026-02-13|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Folk_Tales.The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant">{{Cite web|title=The clever frog defeats Tiger and Elephant|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant|access-date=2026-02-13|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />
* Lukhrabi amadi Hangoi (“The Widow and the Frog”), also known as Lukhrabi Macha Hangoi Porabi (Toad, Widow’s Son),<ref name=":Haobam. 2009. Folk Tales of Manipur" /> which shows themes of kindness, cleverness, and the interaction between humans and animals.<ref name=":Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi_The_widow_and_the_frog">{{Cite web|title=Lukhrabi amadi Hangoi The widow and the frog By Nganthoi Lourembam|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi_The_widow_and_the_frog_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam#:~:text=We'll%20both%20lose%20our,they%20lived%20happily%20ever%20after.&text=Wonderful%20story.,ago%20and%20forgot%20about%20it.|access-date=2026-02-13|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":The_Widow_and_the_Frog_Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi">{{Cite web|title=The Widow and the Frog Lukhrabi amadi Hangoi|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.The_Widow_and_the_Frog_Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi|access-date=2026-02-13|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Folktales of Manipur_The Toad">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n63/mode/2up|title=Folktales of Manipur|last=B. Jayantakumar Sharma|last2=Dr. Chirom Rajketan Singh|date=2014|publisher=Cultural Research Center Manipur; Internet Archive|year=2014|page=|pages=62–66|language=mni|author-link=Bachaspatimayum Jayantakumar Sharma}}</ref><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />
These tales show the cultural importance of Hangoi as both a symbolic and narrative figure in Meitei oral tradition.<ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />
=== Kei Amadi Shamu bu Hangoi na Maithiba Piba ===

Kei Amadi Shamu bu Hangoi na Maithiba Piba (The Frog Defeats the Tiger and the Elephant) is a [[Meitei folktale]] from [[ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]). The main character of the story is Hangoi, the frog (or toad), who uses intelligence to overcome stronger animals.<ref name=":The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant" /><ref name=":Folk_Tales.The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant" /><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />

In the story, a tiger and an elephant meet in a forest while searching for food. They do not respect each other. A fight takes place, and the tiger defeats the elephant. The tiger captures the elephant but does not kill it because it is not hungry at that time. While being held captive, the elephant sees Hangoi nearby and calls out loudly. Hangoi becomes angry at the elephant’s tone. Hangoi then proposes a race to decide who is greater. The elephant agrees. When the race begins, Hangoi secretly climbs onto the elephant. Near the end of the race, Hangoi jumps ahead and reaches the finish point first. Hangoi is declared the winner. After this, Hangoi and the elephant become friends. Later, the tiger finds that the elephant is no longer under its control. The tiger becomes angry and meets Hangoi. They argue and decide to have a race. Hangoi uses the same method as before and wins again. After losing to Hangoi, the tiger leaves.<ref name=":The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant" /><ref name=":Folk_Tales.The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant" /><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />

The story presents Hangoi as intelligent and resourceful. The main idea of the folktale is that intelligence can be more effective than physical strength.<ref name=":The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant" /><ref name=":Folk_Tales.The_clever_frog_defeats_Tiger_and_Elephant" /><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />

=== Lukhrabi Amadi Hangoi ===
Lukhrabi Amadi Hangoi ({{translation|The Widow and the Frog}}), also known as Lukhrabi Macha Hangoi Porabi (Toad, Widow’s Son),<ref name=":Haobam. 2009. Folk Tales of Manipur" /> is a traditional [[Meitei folktale]] from the Meitei oral tradition of [[Manipur]]. The narrative centers on a supernatural frog who becomes the principal agent of transformation, justice, and social reversal within the tale.
Unlike many folktales where the animal figure is passive or enchanted without agency, the frog in Lukhrabi Amadi Hangoi drives the narrative forward through deliberate action, strategic persistence, and the use of hidden magical power.<ref name=":Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi_The_widow_and_the_frog" /><ref name=":The_Widow_and_the_Frog_Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi" /><ref name=":Folktales of Manipur_The Toad" /><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />

The story recounts how a frog possessing divine or supernatural abilities chooses to enter the life of a solitary widow. Observing her loneliness and industrious character, the frog proposes that they live together as mother and son. The widow accepts, and the frog becomes her adopted child.
From this point onward, the frog assumes an active and purposeful role. After hearing descriptions of the king’s daughter, he resolves to marry her. The frog repeatedly instructs his mother to approach the king with a formal proposal. Despite the king’s refusals and the public humiliation inflicted upon the widow—including physical assault ordered by the king—the frog remains unwavering.
The second rejection marks a turning point. When the widow returns injured and humiliated, the frog’s response is not defeat but resolve. He insists upon a third approach, this time offering to meet any condition imposed by the king and to accept any punishment if he fails.
The king, intrigued by the frog’s persistence, sets seemingly impossible demands: the construction of a palace equal to his own within a single night, surrounded by flourishing gardens, adorned with gold and silver pathways, and staffed by hundreds of attendants. Failure would result in execution.
During the night, while the widow sleeps, the frog reveals his concealed power. Producing jewels and precious stones from within his body, he invokes supernatural forces to manifest the palace and its grandeur exactly as demanded. By morning, the conditions are fulfilled, and the king is compelled to honor his promise.
The frog marries the princess.
On the wedding night, the princess dreams of a prince walking with her in a garden. Upon waking, she discovers the frog’s discarded skin. When she burns it, the frog’s true form is permanently revealed as a handsome prince. The frog’s animal form is thus understood to have been a temporary state or enchantment.<ref name=":Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi_The_widow_and_the_frog" /><ref name=":The_Widow_and_the_Frog_Lukhrabi_amadi_Hangoi" /><ref name=":Folktales of Manipur_The Toad" /><ref name=":Jayantakumar. Phungawari Shingbul" />

== In art ==
Frog imagery appears prominently in classical Meitei manuscript art from the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in the Subika Laisaba text. One notable illustration depicts a human figure rendered with frog-like characteristics. While the figure retains all anatomical features of a human, its surface is textured with polka dots to evoke the appearance of a frog. The eyes remain distinctly human, producing a hybrid impression of a human-frog. The artwork employs a limited palette of Indian red, black, and yellow ochre, showing the characteristic color scheme of Meitei artists of the period. This illustration is considered one of the more unusual and imaginative creations in historical Meitei art.
In an adjacent panel, another composition combines the images of a frog, a fish, and a human being in close proximity. Human traits are shown in the hands, head, and torso. The developmental stages of a frog, from egg to maturity, are shown through the use of tails and limbs. By slightly rotating the composition (approximately 45°) and adjusting the depiction of the head and tail portions, the figure can also be interpreted as a fish. Similar to the frog-human hybrid, this artwork uses Indian red, black, and yellow ochre, showing a regular aesthetic and color usage in Meitei manuscript illustrations. These artworks show the inventive visual language of Meitei artists, combining elements of human and animal forms to explore themes of transformation and hybridity.<ref name=":Subika_frog_artwork" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Illustrated Manuscripts 6|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Mutua_Bahadur_Art_Collection.Illustrated_Manuscripts_6|access-date=2026-02-13|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
[[File:Depictions of human figures in the illustrations from the Subika (ꯁꯨꯕꯤꯀꯥ), an 18-19th century Meitei language manuscript in Meitei script (18 × 12 cm).jpg|thumb|Depictions of a frog-like figure and a human figure in the illustrations from the [[Subika]] (ꯁꯨꯕꯤꯀꯥ), an 18-19th century [[Meitei language]] manuscript in [[Meitei script]] (18 × 12 cm)<ref name=":Subika_frog_artwork">{{Cite web|title=manipur channel >>Arts and Culture ~ E-Pao! News About Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epPrinter.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Mutua_Bahadur_Art_Collection.Illustrated_Manuscripts_6|access-date=2026-02-13|website=e-pao.net|quote=In Subika Laisaba of 18-19th century, there is a human figure that is drawn to look like a frog (Fig. 115). But a closer examination reveals all the anatomical details of a human being. Polka dots are used to give the surface texture of a frog. Human eyes are used instead of those peculiar to frogs and the overall impression is that of a human-frog. The colours used are Indian-red, black and yellow-ochre. This is one of the strange creations of Manipuri artists of the past. ... Above this drawing in another panel, there is one drawing in which the images of a frog, a fish and a human being are all put together closely. Human characteristics are given to the hands, the head and the middle portion. The evolutionary stages of a frog, from that of an egg to that of a grown-up one, are depicted with the help of tails and hands. With a slight change in the position of the drawing at about 45ï¿½ and a change in the portions of the head and the tails, the image of a fish can be deduced from the drawing. Here also the colours used are Indian-red, black and yellow-ochre. ...}}</ref>]]

== In archery ==
In [[Meitei traditional weaponry]], people in [[ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Meitei civilization]]) used a special kind of arrows known as the Hangoi Taokapli, for shooting at frogs, floating in the water bodies, like ponds, lakes, etc. for practicing archery to improve accuracy in target shooting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhogeshwar |first=Oinam |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.267343 |title=Numit Kappa |date=1977 |publisher=Unitversal Literary Association, Imphal, Manipur; Internet Archive; Digital Library of India |others=Manipur University Library |year=1977 |location=India |language=mni |trans-title=[[Numit Kappa|Shooting at the Sun]]|author-link=Oinam Bhogeshwar}}</ref><ref name=":ijmra.us_Weapon_Tradition_of_Manipur">{{Cite web|title=Weapon Tradition of Manipur|url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2018/IJRSS_MARCH2018/IJRSSmar18HRSRy.pdf|website=International Journal of Research in Social Sciences}}</ref>
== In literature ==
{{See|Meitei literature|Ancient Meitei literature}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.267427|title=Hangoi Khongbadasu Lingga Khongbadasu|last=Brojeshwor|date=1975|publisher=Internet Archive; Digital Library of India|others=Manipur University Library, Imphal|language=mni}}

== See also ==
* [[Frogs in culture]]
* [[The Frog Prince]]
* [[Shamu (Meitei culture)]]
* [[Houdong]]
* [[Meitei Hui]]
* [[Meitei Nganu]]
* [[Meetei San]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Children's literature]]
[[Category:The Frog Prince| ]]
[[Category:Fictional frogs]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about shapeshifting]]
[[Category:Animal tales]]
[[Category:Male characters in fairy tales]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about princesses]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about talking animals]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in fairy tales]]
[[Category:Frogs in culture]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about princes]]

Services football team

2026-02-08T10:38:25Z

Bpk: fixed issues

{{Short description|Football team representing Indian defense}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Services football team
| current =
| image = Services Sports Control Board.svg
| fullname = Services football team
| nickname =
| motto =
| founded =
| ground = ''Various''
| capacity =
| owner = [[Services Sports Control Board]] [[Indian Army]]
| chrtitle =
| chairman =
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = Mileswamy Govindaraju Ramachandran
| league = [[Santosh Trophy]]
| season = [[2024–25 Santosh Trophy|2024–25]]
| position = Semi-finals
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[[File:The Sevices team prior to the final match of the 2013 Santosh Trophy.jpg|thumb|Together photo prior to 2013 Santosh Trophy final match]]

The '''Services football team''' is a [[association football|football]] section of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], representing them in various regional competitions. It is operated by the [[Services Sports Control Board]],<ref name="Balai Dey – Jaydeep Basu">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan|title=Indian Football: Balai Dey, the Mohun Bagan legend who played for both India and Pakistan|website=scroll.in|publisher=[[Scroll.in|Scroll]]|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813112136/https://scroll.in/field/1030283/indian-football-balai-dey-the-mohun-bagan-legend-who-played-for-both-india-and-pakistan|archive-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> and competes in [[Santosh Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehardtackle.com/2011/legends-of-indian-football-jarnail-singh/|title=Legends of Indian Football : Peter Thangaraj|date=14 May 2018|access-date=7 October 2022|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|location=Mumbai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413164430/https://thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-peter-thangaraj/|archive-date=13 April 2021}}</ref>

==Santosh Trophy==
Services have appeared in the final of the [[Santosh Trophy]] ten times, and have won it seven times.

The team won their first Santosh Trophy in 1960–61 by beating [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]] 1–0 in the final. Since then, they have won the tournament another four times – 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016. Their latest win came at the [[2023–24 Santosh Trophy]] [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]] in [[Yupia]], where they beat [[Goa football team|Goa]] 1–0 in the final.

==Honours==
===State===
===State (senior)===
* '''[[Santosh Trophy]]'''<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiasantoshhist.html List of Santosh Trophy Finals]</ref>
** Winners (8): 1960–61, [[2011–12 Santosh Trophy|2011–12]], [[2012–13 Santosh Trophy|2012–13]], [[2014–15 Santosh Trophy|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Santosh Trophy|2015–16]], [[2018–19 Santosh Trophy|2018–19]], [[2023–24 Santosh Trophy|2023–24]], [[2025-26 Santosh Trophy|2025–26]]
** Runners-up (5): 1954–55, 1958–59, 1966–67, 1969–70, [[2007–08 Santosh Trophy|2007–08]]
** Third place (1): [[2022–23 Santosh Trophy|2022–23]]
*'''[[Football at the National Games of India|National Games]]'''
** Gold medal (1): [[2023 National Games of India|2023]]
** Bronze medal (1): [[2022 National Games of India|2022]]

===State (youth)===
* '''[[M. Dutta Ray Trophy]]'''
** Runners-up (1): 2002

===Others===
*'''[[IFA Shield]]'''
**Runners-up (1): 1950
*'''[[Sikkim Gold Cup]]'''
**Runners-up (1): [[2025 Sikkim Gold Cup|2025]]

==See also==
* [[Army Red football team|Army Red]]
* [[Army Green football team|Army Green]]
* [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
* [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]
* [[Railways football team]]
* [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]
* [[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|Central Reserve Police Force]]
* [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|Border Security Force]]
* [[National Games of India]]
* [[Army Service Corps (India)|Indian Army Service Corps]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Services football team}}
{{Indian state football teams}}

[[Category:Santosh Trophy teams]]
[[Category:Military football clubs in India]]
[[Category:Military sport in India]]
[[Category:Organizations with year of establishment missing]]

{{India-footyclub-stub}}

Daksharamam

2026-01-30T01:20:51Z

Bpk: Creating New Entry.

{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Draksharamam
| script =
| image = File:Draksharama temple, Draksharamam.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Bhimeswara Swamy temple
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|16.792|N|82.0633|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Konaseema]]
| locale = [[Draksharamam]]
| elevation_m = 31.4
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Kartik Purnima]]
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| established =
| temple_board =
| website =
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Draksharamam''' or '''Daksharamam''' is one of the five [[Pancharama Kshetras]], [[Trilinga Kshetras]] that are sacred to the Hindu god [[Shiva]] and also 12th of Ashtadasha Shakthi Peetams. The temple is located in [[Draksharamam]] town of [[Konaseema district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The poet [[Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu]] who wrote first independent work in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and who spread [[Lingayatism]] in Andhra region during medieval ages was born in this town.{{sfnp|Salva|Shu|G.|1994}}{{sfnp|K.|1978|p=535-538}}

== Etymology ==
The town was formerly known as {{IAST|Daṣkatapovana}} and {{IAST|Daṣkavāṭika}}.{{sfnp|Moorthy|1994}} This is the place where [[Daksha]] head of all prajapatis did a [[yagna]] called {{IAST|Nirīśvara yāga}} or {{IAST|Nirīśvara yajña}}. This place's present name is a compound of {{IAST|Daṣka}} and {{IAST|Ārāma}} which means "Abode of [[Daksha]]". This place was also referred to as {{IAST|Daṣkavāṭika}} by Jagadguru [[Adi Shankara]] in [[Shakta pithas|maha shakti peetha]] sloka at {{IAST|Māṇikye Dakṣa vāṭika}} which points to "Maanikyamba devi of Draksharama". The place where Daksha performed {{IAST|Nirīśvara yajña}} is still visited by pilgrims here.

== History ==
Inscriptions in the temple reveal that it was built between the 9th and 10th centuries CE by the Eastern Chalukyan king, Bhima. The big Mandapam of the temple was built by Ganga Mahadevi, daughter-in-law of [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty]] king [[Narasingha Deva I]] of [[Odisha]].{{sfnp|Rajguru|1986|p=29}} Architecturally and sculpturally, the temple reflects a blend of Chalukyan and Chola styles.{{sfnp|Ramaswamy|2017|p=16}}

The temple is historically prominent. It was built by [[Eastern Chalukyas]] who reigned over this area. It's believed to have been constructed earlier to the Bhimeswaraswamy temple in [[Samarlakota]] that was built between 892 C.E. and 922 C.E.

== Festivals ==
[[Maha Shivaratri]] and [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]] are the main festivals associated with Draksharamam

== See also ==
*[[Andhra Vishnu]]
*[[Pancharama Kshetras]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5YOAAAAYAAJ|title= A History of Telugu Literature: 1108 A.D.-1320 A.D|publisher= Institute of Asian Studies|year=1994|language=English|last1=Salva |first1= Krishnamurthi |last2=Shu |first2= Hikosaka |last3=G. |first3= John Samuel}}
* {{cite journal |last1= K.|first1=Lalithamba |date= 1978|title= Devotional Saivism In Medieval Andhra |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139392|journal= Indian History Congress |volume= 39 |access-date= 14 September 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Moorthy|first1=K. K.|title=The Aalayas of Andhra Pradesh: a sixteen-flower-garland|year=1994|publisher=Message Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OIbAQAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rajguru |first=Padmashri Dr. Satyanarayana |title= Odisha Ra Sanskrutika Itihasa |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi|year=1986|series= Odisha Ra Sanskrutika Itihasa |volume=4 |location=Cuttack, Odisha|chapter=No 1 - Ganga o Gajapati Bansha Ra Utpatti o Sankhipta Itihasa |author-link=Satyanarayana Rajguru}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/on-the-pancharamam-temples-in-andhra-pradesh-part-2/article19223618.ece|title=Rich in lore and sculptures|last=Ramaswamy|first=Chitra|date=2017-07-06|work=The Hindu|access-date= 14 September 2024|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
* {{citation |editor=Venkata Subbayya |title= {{transliteration|te|Śrī Bhīmēśvara Purāṇamu}} |language=Telugu |location=Madras |publisher= Krottapalli Venkata Padmanabha Sastri|year=1901|url=https://ia601409.us.archive.org/22/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.395642/2015.395642.Sree-Beemeswara.pdf}}
{{refend}}

{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Trilinga Kshetras}}
{{Pancharama Kshetras}}
{{Hindu Temples in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{East Godavari district}}
{{Shiva temples}}
{{Shaktism}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}
}}

[[Category:Shakta pithas|*]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Pancharama Kshetras]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh]]

No. 12 Squadron IAF

2026-01-27T05:59:24Z

Bpk: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= No. 12 Squadron
|image= No._12_Squadron_IAF_Logo.jpg
|caption=
|dates=1 December 1945- Present
|country=India
|allegiance=
|branch=
|type=
|role=[[Transport]]
|size=
|command_structure=
|garrison=[[Agra AFS|AFS Agra]]
|garrison_label=
|nickname="Yaks"
|patron=
|motto=''Amit Vikram'' Boundless Valour
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|disbanded=

|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=

|aircraft_attack=
|aircraft_bomber=
|aircraft_electronic=
|aircraft_fighter=
|aircraft_recon=
|aircraft_trainer=
|aircraft_transport=[[Antonov AN-32]]
}}

'''No. 12 Squadron''' is a unit of the [[Indian Air Force]] assigned to the [[Maintenance Command, Indian Air Force|Central Command]]. The Squadron participates in operations involving air, land and airdrop of troops, equipment, supplies, and support or augment special operations forces, when appropriate.

==History==
The No. 12 Squadron was raised on 1st Dec 1945 at Kohat, Pakistan. It was the 10th and the last Royal Indian Air Force sqns to be raised. and moved to the present location in Aug 1947. Also known as "The Striking Yaks".

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48, No. 12 Squadron flew sustained missions from Palam and Srinagar, providing close air support, troop transport, and reconnaissance. It played a decisive role in the defense of Uri and the air operations over the Kashmir Valley.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Anchit |title=The Epic Journey of No. 12 Squadron in the 1947 Kashmir War |url=https://iafhistory.in/2022/07/17/the-epic-journey-of-no-12-squadron-in-the-1947-kashmir-war/ |website=IAFHistory |date=17 July 2022 |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref>

===Lineage===
* Constituted as '''No. 12 Squadron (Yaks)''' on 1 December 1945<ref name=BRakshak>{{cite web|title=Squadrons and Helicopter Units|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Units/Squadrons/292-Squadrons.html|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-date=9 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209134909/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Units/Squadrons/292-Squadrons.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Assignments===
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]

===Aircraft===
* [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories184.htm|title = ..:: India Strategic ::.. Indian Air Force: Indian Air Force and its Transport Fleet}}</ref>
* [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-47]]
* [[AN-32]]
* [[Douglas DC-3]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons|012]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]

Palaruvi Express

2026-01-24T09:29:28Z

Bpk:

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{about|a train service|the famous waterfalls with similar name in [[Kollam district]]|Palaruvi Falls}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Palaruvi Express
| image = Paluravi express signboard.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Palaruvi Express Signboard
| type = [[Inter-city rail]]
| status = Operating
| locale = [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2017|4|20}} {{small|(initial service between [[Palakkad Junction railway station|Palakkad Jn]] and {{rws|Punalur}})}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://b-live.in/2017/04/19/suresh-prabhu-to-flag-off-palaruvi-express-today/ |title=Suresh Prabhu to flag off Palaruvi Express today |work=Blive |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> {{start date and age|df=yes|2018|7|9}} {{small|(extended to {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}})}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/palaruvi-express-train-extended-to-tirunelveli/articleshow/64901470.cms|title=Palaruvi extended to Tirunelveli|newspaper=TOI|date=8 July 2018 }}</ref> {{start date and age|df=yes|2024|8|15}} {{small|(extended to {{rws|Tuticorin}})}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2024/08/13/palaruvi-express-toothukudi-suresh-gopi-palakkad.html|title=Palaruvi Express extended to Toothukudi from Aug 15, 4 more coaches from Wednesday |work=Blive |date=13 August 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref>
| last =
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Tuticorin}} '''(TN)'''
| stops = 40
| end = {{rws|Palakkad Junction}} '''(PGT)'''
| distance = {{convert|537|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 14 hrs
| frequency = Daily
| class = 5 SL, 11 UR, 2 SLR
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el = [[25 kV AC]] [[Utility frequency|50 Hz]]
| trainnumber = 16791/16792
| speed = {{cvt|35|km/h}}
| maintenance = {{rws|Tuticorin}}
| sharing =
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The '''Palaruvi Express''' (Train number: 16791/16792) is a daily Intercity express train which runs between {{rws|Tuticorin}} in [[Tamil Nadu]] and {{rws|Palakkad Junction}} in [[Kerala]] via {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}}, {{rws|Tenkasi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Punalur}},
{{rws|Kollam Junction}}, {{rws|Tiruvalla}} and {{rws|Kottayam}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2024/08/13/palaruvi-express-toothukudi-suresh-gopi-palakkad.html |title=Palaruvi Express extended to Toothukudi from Aug 15, 4 more coaches from Wednesday |work=Blive |date=13 August 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> The train first introduced between [[Punalur]] in [[Kollam district|Kollam]] and [[Palakkad Junction|Palakkad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://b-live.in/2017/04/19/suresh-prabhu-to-flag-off-palaruvi-express-today/ |title=Suresh Prabhu to flag off Palaruvi Express today |work=Blive |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> On 9 July 2018, it was extended up to {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/palaruvi-express-train-extended-to-tirunelveli/articleshow/64901470.cms|title=Palaruvi extended to Tirunelveli|newspaper=TOI|date=8 July 2018 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> and later on 15 August 2024 it was extended till Tuticorin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palaruvi Express extended to Toothukudi from Aug 15, 4 more coaches from Wednesday |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2024/08/13/palaruvi-express-toothukudi-suresh-gopi-palakkad.html |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>

==Background==
The train was introduced on 19 April 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/prabhu-flags-off-45-freight-terminals-new-kerala-passenger-train-117041901193_1.html |title=Prabhu flags-off 45 freight terminals, new Kerala passenger train |work=Business Standard |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> providing better connectivity to the Eastern Kollam region with Central Kerala and as a relief for daily commuters, especially office-goers who have been relying on [[Venad Express]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2017/04/13/punalur-palakkad-palaruvi-express.html |title=Punalur-Palakkad Palaruvi Express to chug off on April 19 |work=On Manorama |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/apr/14/palaruvi-express-to-cool-down-passengers-1593438.html |title=Palaruvi Express to cool down passengers |work=TNIE |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/new-train-between-palakkad-punalur/article18002827.ece |title=New train between Palakkad, Punalur |work=The Hindu |date=13 April 2017 |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/more-stops-sought-for-new-train-from-punalur/articleshow/58200109.cms |title=More stops sought for new train from Punalur |work=Times of India |date=16 April 2017 |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>

On 29 May 2022 it became the first train to pass through the doubled track between Ettumanoor-Kottayam-Chingavanam section which made the Thiruvananthapuram-Kottayam-Ernakulam-Mangaluru section completely doubled electrified line.

On 2024 July 28, the Palaruvi Express from [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli]] to [[Palakkad Junction railway station|Palakkad]] was the first electric train that passed through the recently electrified [[Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line|Sengottai - Kollam railway line]].

==Route==
The service runs from {{rws|Tuticorin}}(16791) every night and reaches {{rws|Palakkad Junction}} the following afternoon. Prominent stoppages include {{rws|Tirunelveli Junction}}, {{rws|Tenkasi Junction}}, {{rws|Punalur}},{{rws|Kundara}}, {{rws|Kollam Junction}} ,{{efn|The service reverses its rakes to continue the journey.}} {{rws|Kayamkulam Junction}}, {{rws|Tiruvalla}}, {{rws|Kottayam}}, {{rws|Ernakulam Town}} and {{rws|Thrissur}}. On the return journey, the train leaves every evening, traverses the same route and reaches {{rws|Tuticorin}}, next morning.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/palaruvi-express-flagged-off/articleshow/58276301.cms |title=Palaruvi Express flagged off |work=Times of India |date=20 April 2017 |access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>

The train reverses its direction at Kollam.

== Coach composition ==
The train has eighteen coaches comprising five sleeper coaches, eleven unreserved general coaches and two luggage rakes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/96239 |title=16101/Chennai Egmore - Kollam Jn Express |publisher=Indiarailinfo|date= |access-date=6 March 2019}}</ref>{{efn|The coach composition is subject to change.}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:orange;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:yellow;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:yellow;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:yellow;"| 9
!10
!11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 14
!15
!16
!17
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:orange;" | 18
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] || SLR || GEN || GEN || GEN || GEN || GEN || S1|| S2 || S3|
|S4|| S5 || GEN || GEN || GEN
|GEN
|GEN
|GEN|| SLR
|-
|}

Since its introduction in April 2017, the train was running without even a single reservation compartment till September 2019. The train started 4 reservation sleeper compartments.

== Gallery ==
[[File:Palaruvi Express at Ernakulam Town, July 2017.jpg|thumb|Palaruvii Express at {{rws|Ernakulam Town}}]] 
[[File:Palaruvi Express at Kottayam.jpg|thumb|Palaruvi Express at Kottayam ]] 
[[File:WAP 4 CLOSEUP.jpg|thumb|WAP-4 pulling the Palaruvi Express ]] 
[[File:WAP4 with paluravi express at pkd junction.jpg|thumb|Train at Palakkad Junction ]] 
==See also==
{{Portal|Trains}}
* [[Venad Express]]
* [[Ernakulam–Velankanni Express]]
* [[Pearl City Express]]
* [[Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line]]
* [[Kollam–Sengottai branch line]]
* [[Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section]]
* [[Jolarpettai–Shoranur line|Jolarpettai- Shornur line]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Express trains running through Kerala}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palaruvi Express}}
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kollam]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2017]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Ravendra Pal Singh (politician)

2026-01-05T19:57:32Z

Bpk: New New Bio First Draft.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Ravendra Pal Singh''' is an [[Indian politician]] who is serving as [[Member of 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chharra Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/ElectedMembers/18 |website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}</ref> In [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he won with 1,11,293 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GEN ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT MARCH-2022 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS2474.htm?ac=74 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ravendra Pal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

List of railway stations in Jammu and Kashmir

2025-12-19T10:52:12Z

Bpk: refined page also

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Dynamic list}}
[[File:Kashmir Railway JUSBRL Project Map.png|250px|thumb|A map of the Jammu–Baramulla line]]
The railway stations in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] belongs to [[Jammu railway division|Jammu Division]] of [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway Zone]] of Indian Railways. The list of railway stations in Jammu and Kashmir can be divided into 2 parts:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/index/index.html|title=Indian Railways - Official Map}}</ref>
*Railway stations in Jammu Region
*Railway stations in Kashmir Region

==Jammu Region==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Sl. No. || Station name || Platforms || Station code || Elevation
|-
| 1||[[Kathua railway station]] || 2 || KTHU || {{Convert|393|m}}
|-
| 2||Budhi railway station || 2 || BDHY || {{Convert|361|m}}
|-
| 3||Chhan Arorian railway station || 2 || CHNR || {{Convert|390|m}}
|-
| 4||Chak Dayala railway station || 2 || CKDL || {{Convert|387|m}}
|-
| 5||[[Hira Nagar railway station]] || 2 || HRNR || {{Convert|381|m}}
|-
| 6||Ghagwal railway station || 2 || GHGL|| {{Convert|373|m}}
|-
| 7||[[Samba railway station]] || 2 || SMBX || {{Convert|366|m}}
|-
| 8||Basantar Block Hut railway station || 0 || BHBT || {{Convert|357|m}}
|-
| 9||[[Vijaypur Jammu railway station]] || 2 || VJPJ || {{Convert|355|m}}
|-
| 10||Bari Brahman railway station || 2 || BBMN || {{Convert|335|m}}
|-
| 11||[[Jammu Tawi railway station]] || 3 || JAT || {{Convert|343|m}}
|-
| 12||[[Bajalta railway station]] || 2 || BLA || {{Convert|385|m}}
|-
| 13||[[Sangar railway station]] || 1 || SGRR || {{Convert|450|m}}
|-
| 14||[[Manwal railway station]] || 1 || MNVL || {{Convert|490|m}}
|-
| 15||[[Ram Nagar railway station]] || 1 || RMJK || {{Convert|596|m}}
|-
| 16||[[Udhampur railway station]] || 3 || UHP || {{Convert|660|m}}
|-
| 17||[[Chak Rakhwal railway station]] || 2 || CRWL || {{Convert|710|m}}
|-
| 18||[[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station|Katra railway station]] || 3 || SVDK || {{Convert|813|m}}
|-
| 19||[[Reasi railway station]] || 2 || REAI || {{Convert|807|m}}
|-
| 20||[[Bakkal railway station]] || 2 || BAKK || {{Convert|867|m}}
|-
| 21||[[Dugga railway station]] || 2 || DUGA|| {{Convert|938|m}}
|-
| 22||[[Sawalkote railway station]] || 2 || SWKE || {{Convert|1036|m}}
|-
| 23||[[Sangaldan railway station]] || 3 || SGDN || {{Convert|1232|m}}
|-
| 24||[[Sumber railway station]] || 2 || SMBR || {{Convert|1417|m}}
|-
| 25||[[Khari railway station]] || 2 || KARI || {{Convert|1560|m}}
|-
| 26||[[Banihal railway station]] || 3 || BAHL || {{Convert|1705|m}}

|}

==Kashmir Region==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!Sl. NO || Station name || Platforms || Station code || Elevation
|-
| 1||Hiller Shahabad railway station || 1 || HRSB || {{Convert|1753|m}}
|-
| 2||[[Qazigund railway station]] || 2 || QG || {{Convert|1722|m}}
|-
| 3||[[Sadura railway station]] || 2 || SDUA || {{Convert|1633|m}}
|-
| 4||[[Anantnag railway station]] || 2 || ANT || {{Convert|1592|m}}
|-
| 5||[[Bijbehara railway station]] || 2 || BJBA || {{Convert|1599|m}}
|-
| 6||Panzgom railway station || 2 || PJGM || {{Convert|1592|m}}
|-
| 7||[[Awantipura railway station]] || 2 || ATPA || {{Convert|1589|m}}
|-
| 8||[[Kakapora railway station]] || 2 || KAPE || {{Convert|1588|m}}
|-
| 9||[[Pampore railway station]] || 2 || PMPE || {{Convert|1594|m}}
|-
| 10||[[Srinagar railway station]] || 3 || SINA || {{Convert|1583|m}}
|-
| 11||[[Budgam railway station]] || 3 || BDGM || {{Convert|1588|m}}
|-
| 12||[[Mazhom railway station]] || 2 || MZMA || {{Convert|1587|m}}
|-
| 13||[[Pattan railway station]] || 2 || PTTN || {{Convert|1580|m}}
|-
| 14||Hamre railway station || 2 || HME || {{Convert|1579|m}}
|-
| 15||[[Sopore railway station]] || 2 || SXZM || {{Convert|1594|m}}
|-
| 16||[[Baramulla railway station]] || 2 || BRML || {{Convert|1577|m}}

|}

==See also==

* [[Jammu–Baramulla line]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/ Ministry of Indian Railways, Official website]

{{railway stations in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}

[[Category:Northern Railway zone|*]]
[[Category:railway stations in Jammu and Kashmir|*]]
[[Category:Lists of railway stations in India|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir-related lists|railway stations]]

Sathya Jyothi Films

2025-12-07T14:26:05Z

Bpk:

{{Short description|Indian film production and distribution company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sathya Jyothi Films
| type = Film production and distribution
| image = Sathya Jyothi Films.png
| foundation = 1977
| founder = {{ubl|[[T. G. Thyagarajan]]|G. Saravanan}}
| industry = Motion pictures and television
| parent =
| homepage = {{URL|sathyajyothifilms.com}}
}}

'''Sathya Jyothi Films''' is an Indian film production and distribution company in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It was established in 1977 by [[T. G. Thyagarajan]].

== History ==
Sathya Jyothi Films was founded by T. G. Thyagarajan in the 1970s. Thyagarajan, an MBA graduate from the United States, is the son of film producer, late Venus T. Govindarajan, who had made films from the 1960s to the 1980s under Venus Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2007 |title=Venus Govindarajan passes away |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Venus-Govindarajan-passes-away/article14720594.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120072427/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Venus-Govindarajan-passes-away/article14720594.ece |archive-date=20 January 2022}}</ref> Thyagarajan initially ventured into film productions under the studio Sathya Movies, production company of his father-in-law [[R. M. Veerappan]] before founding Sathya Jyothi Films to make "slightly offbeat films".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=19 February 2022 |title=40 Years Of Moondram Pirai — Balu Mahendra, Kamal Haasan, Sridevi & Ilaiyaraaja's classic film |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/40-years-of-moondram-pirai-balu-mahendra-kamal-haasan-sridevi-ilaiyaraajas-classic-film/articleshow/89669992.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219075810/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/40-years-of-moondram-pirai-balu-mahendra-kamal-haasan-sridevi-ilaiyaraajas-classic-film/articleshow/89669992.cms |archive-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> The first film distributed by the company was the Tamil-dubbed version of ''[[Yashoda Krishna]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=15 September 2006 |title=A saga of success |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-saga-of-success/article3230655.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213112143/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-saga-of-success/article3230655.ece |archive-date=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=13 January 2005 |title=He knows the 'mantra' for success |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/he-knows-the-mantra-for-success/article28679043.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624000905/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/he-knows-the-mantra-for-success/article28679043.ece |archive-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> The company's first film as producers was ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'' (1982).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=22 February 2019 |title='Viswasam' is my biggest hit, says producer Thyagarajan |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sathya-jyothi-thyagarajan-interview/article26337613.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205035136/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sathya-jyothi-thyagarajan-interview/article26337613.ece |archive-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>

== Productions ==
=== Films ===

* ''All films are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Cast !!Notes
!{{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="1" |1982
| ''[[Moondram Pirai]]''
| [[Balu Mahendra]]
| [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Sridevi]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |1985
| ''[[Pagal Nilavu]]''
| [[Mani Ratnam]]
| [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Revathi]], [[Sathyaraj]]
|
| {{sfn|Rangan|2012|p=24}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1986
| ''[[Manithanin Marupakkam]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[K. Rangaraj]]
| [[Sivakumar]], [[Radha (actress)|Radha]], [[Jayashree (Tamil actress)|Jayashree]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Sathya Jyothi]]''
|[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|[[Kannada]] film
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |1988
| ''[[Jeeva (1988 film)|Jeeva]]''
| [[Pratap Pothen]]
| [[Sathyaraj]], [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 1988 |title=Jeeva |pages=5 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880701&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1990
| ''[[Kizhakku Vaasal]]''
| [[R. V. Udayakumar]]
| [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Revathi]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 1990 |title=Kizhakku Vaasal |pages=5 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19900712&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1991
| ''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]''
| [[Kathir]]
| [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Heera Rajagopal|Heera]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=6 September 1991 |title=Idayam |pages=5 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910906&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1992
| ''[[Endrum Anbudan]]''
| Bhagyanathan
| [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]], [[Heera Rajagopal|Heera]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 1992 |title=Endrum Anbudan |pages=7 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920814&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1993
| ''[[Vedan]]''
| [[Suresh Krissna]]
| [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=6 May 1993 |title=Vedan |pages=7 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930506&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1994 || ''[[Honest Raj]]'' || [[K. S. Ravi]] || [[Vijayakanth]], [[Gautami]], [[Aamani]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 1994 |title=Honest Raj |pages=15 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940414&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1998 || ''[[Harichandra (1998 film)|Harichandra]]'' || [[Cheyyar Ravi]] || [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2003 || ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]'' || [[Karu Palaniappan]]|| [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=23 May 2003 |title=Parthiban Kanavu |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/parthiban-kanavu/article28573222.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125113224/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/parthiban-kanavu/article28573222.ece |archive-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2006 || ''[[Em Magan]]'' || [[Thirumurugan (director)|Thirumurugan]] || [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Gopika]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2008 || ''[[Jayamkondaan]]'' || [[R. Kannan]] || [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]], [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]], [[Lekha Washington]] ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2010 || ''[[Baana Kaathadi]]'' || [[Badri Venkatesh]] || [[Atharvaa]], [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2016 || ''[[Thodari]]'' || [[Prabhu Solomon]] || [[Dhanush]], [[Keerthy Suresh]] ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017 || ''[[Sathriyan (2017 film)|Sathriyan]]'' || [[S. R. Prabhakaran]] || [[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Manjima Mohan]], [[Aishwarya Dutta]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vivegam]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Siva (director)|Siva]] || [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Akshara Haasan]] ||
|
|-
| t="1" | 2019||''[[Viswasam]]'' || [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Jagapathi Babu]]||
|
|-
| 2020||''[[Pattas]]'' ||[[R. S. Durai Senthilkumar]] || [[Dhanush]], [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]||
|
|-
| 2021||''[[Sivakumarin Sabadham]]'' ||[[Hiphop Tamizha]] ||[[Hiphop Tamizha Adhi]], Madhuri||Co-produced by Indie Rebels
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2021 |title=Sivakumarin Sabadham trailer out: Hiphop Adhi vows to entertain |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2021/sep/19/sivakumarin-sabadham-trailer-out-hiphop-adhi-vows-to-entertain-26725.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130150518/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2021/sep/19/sivakumarin-sabadham-trailer-out-hiphop-adhi-vows-to-entertain-26725.html |archive-date=30 January 2022 |access-date=30 January 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022||''[[Anbarivu]]''||[[Aswin Raam]]||[[Hiphop Tamizha|Hiphop Tamizha Adhi]], [[Kashmira Pardeshi]], [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2021 |title=Hiphop Tamizha Adhi's Anbarivu first look out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/apr/14/hiphop-adhis-anbarivu-first-look-out-23944.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221121046/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/apr/14/hiphop-adhis-anbarivu-first-look-out-23944.amp |archive-date=21 December 2021 |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maaran (2022 film)|Maaran]]''
|[[Karthick Naren]]
|[[Dhanush]], [[Malavika Mohanan]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Smruthi Venkat]], Krishna Kumar, [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Dhanush-Karthick Naren's D43 titled Maaran, first look out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/28/dhanush-karthick-narens-d43-titled-maaran-first-look-out-25736.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/28/dhanush-karthick-narens-d43-titled-maaran-first-look-out-25736.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Veeran (2023 film)|Veeran]]''
|ARK Saravan
|[[Hiphop Tamizha]], Athira Raj, [[Vinay Rai]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Hiphop Tamizha-ARK Saravan film titled Veeran |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/may/25/hiphop-tamizha-ark-saravan-film-titled-veeran-31750.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526133828/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/may/25/hiphop-tamizha-ark-saravan-film-titled-veeran-31750.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
|''[[Captain Miller (film)|Captain Miller]]''
|[[Arun Matheswaran]]
|[[Dhanush]], [[Sundeep Kishan]], [[Priyanka Arul Mohan]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 Sep 2022 |title=Dhanush, Sundeep Kishan-Starrer Period Film 'Captain Miller' Gets Rolling |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/dhanush-sundeep-kishan-starrer-period-film-captain-miller-gets-rolling-news-225189 |url-status=live |work=Outlook |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012110542/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/dhanush-sundeep-kishan-starrer-period-film-captain-miller-gets-rolling-news-225189 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2025
|''[[Thalaivan Thalaivii]]''
|[[Pandiraj]]
|[[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Nithya Menen]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-24 |title=Vijay Sethupathi to sign his next film with director Pandiraj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-sign-his-next-film-with-director-pandiraj/articleshow/109562689.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824211917/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-sign-his-next-film-with-director-pandiraj/articleshow/109562689.cms |archive-date=24 August 2024 |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mark (2025 film)|Mark]]''
|Vijay Karthikeya
|Sudeep
|[[Trilingual|Trilingual film]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Nov/07/sudeeps-mark-intro-offers-a-glimpse-of-an-octane-action-packed-ride|title=Sudeep’s Mark intro offers a glimpse of an octane action-packed ride|date=7 November 2025|first=A|last=Sharadhaa|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=7 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
*''[[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]]'' (2003–2009) - [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
*''[[Kalyanam (2009 TV series)|Kalyanam]]'' (2009) - [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
*''[[Idhayam (2009 TV series)|Idhayam]]'' (2009–2012) - [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
*''[[Aan Paavam (TV series)|Aan Paavam]]'' (2009) - [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
*''[[Puguntha Veedu]]'' (2012–2014) -[[Zee Tamil]]
*''[[Maya (2012 TV series)|Maya]]'' (2012–2013) - [[Jaya TV]]
*''[[Annakodiyum Aindhu Pengalum]]'' (2015–2016) - [[Zee Tamil]]
*''[[Sumangali (TV series)|Sumangali]]'' (2017–2019) - [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
*''[[Meena (2023 TV series)|Meena]]'' (2023–2024) - [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |title=Conversations with Mani Ratnam |title-link=Conversations with Mani Ratnam |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] India |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-670-08520-0 |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.sathyajyothifilms.com/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807183947/http://www.sathyajyothifilms.com/ |date=7 August 2018 }}

{{Sathya Jyothi Films}}

[[Category:1977 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Film production companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1977]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1977]]
[[Category:Television production companies of Tamil Nadu]]

Rotomac Global

2025-11-18T09:01:11Z

Bpk: New First Info Added Tags

'''Rotomac Global Pvt Ltd''' is an Indian [[private limited company]] which predominantly engages in manufacturing [[pen]]s. In 2018, the company became the center of attention after being scrutinized for its role in defaulting large sums of money, resulting in [[Non-performing loan|non-performing advances]] causing the deterioration of the quality of assets in the [[Banking in India|Indian banking]] sector. Rotomac approached seven Indian banks to obtain [[Letter of credit|documentary credit]] facilities ranging from INR 200 crore to 3,695 crore within the time duration beginning from 2008 until 2013.

== Corporate history ==
The company was founded initially as Rotomac Pen in 1992. The foundation for Rotomac Pen was laid following the success of [[paan masala]] business conducted by businessman [[Mansukhbhai Kothari]] as he managed business operations under the brand name Pan Parag. He also received support from his sons Vikram Kothari and Deepak Kothari and the Pan Parag group was diversified eventually laying foundation to the formation of Rotomac Pen.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Irshad |first=Zafar |date=2018-02-20 |title=The rise and fall of Rotomac's Vikram Kothari |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/3DFT2LURVA2yEQE5vBw3DL/The-rise-and-fall-of-Rotomacs-Vikram-Kothari.html |website=www.livemint.com}}</ref>

In 1999, Vikram and his brother Deepak decided to separate from each other. Vikram took over the ownership of Rotomac Pen Pvt Ltd while Deepak decided to continue his father's paan masala business.<ref name=":0" /> Rotomac Pen started manufacturing pens on a large scale and it quickly emerged as a market leader in [[Writing implement|writing instruments]] market.<ref name=":0" /> Rotomac incorporated a promotional tag line "likhtey, likhtey, love ho jaaye" and it also hired prominent Bollywood actors [[Salman Khan]] and [[Raveena Tandon]] as the official brand ambassadors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Khan features in new TVC for Rotomac Pens {{!}} Advertising |url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/salman-khan-features-in-new-tvc-for-rotomac-pens/414122 |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Campaign India}}</ref> The company was later rebranded as Rotomac Global Pvt Ltd with the advent of Vikram Kothari's expansion strategies by venturing into real estate, steel and infrastructure.<ref name=":0" />

== Controversies ==
The company was embroiled in controversies pertaining to the misappropriation of funds when settling payment obligations to buyers and sellers, while it was also allegedly called out for engaging in market manipulation tactics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-22 |title=Rotomac pens owner Vikram Kothari, son Rahul arrested by CBI in Rs 3,695-crore loan default case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/rotomac-pens-owner-vikram-kothari-son-rahul-arrested-by-cbi-in-rs-3695-crore-loan-default-case-5074470/lite/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In February 2018, an FIR was filed at [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] by [[Bank of Baroda]] against Rotomac Global after one of its directors, Vikram Kothari, was found guilty of willfully defaulting on a whopping amount of INR 3,695 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-20 |title=CBI books Rotomac Pen owner Vikram Kothari & family for Rs 3,695-crore 'default', seals house in Kanpur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rotomac-pen-vikram-kothari-fir-nirav-modi-raids-live-updates-5069508/lite/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-22 |title=CBI questions Rotomac owner Vikram Kothari, son |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cbi-questions-rotomac-owner-vikram-kothari-son-5073532/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It was identified by the CBI officials that such large sums of money had been raised from a group lending initiative ([[Syndicated loan|loan syndication]]) by a group of banks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-02-19 |title=Rotomac Owner Flees India After Taking Rs 800 Crore Loans |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/rotomac-owner-flees-india-after-taking-rs-800-crore-loans |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref> The funds obtained from a consortium of 7 banks, including the [[Bank of India]], Bank of Baroda, [[Indian Overseas Bank]], [[United Bank of India]], Bank of Maharashtra, [[Allahabad Bank]], and [[Oriental Bank of Commerce]], via a [[letter of credit]] facility, in order to settle payments from buyers and suppliers in order to execute export orders, were later revealed to have been diverted to the business accounts of Rotomac and to the [[Offshore bank|offshore accounts]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-20 |title=Rotomac scam: Tax department attaches 11 bank accounts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/rotomac-scam-tax-department-attaches-11-bank-accounts/articleshow/62995899.cms |access-date=2024-11-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The senior CBI officials, who took firm control of the legal proceedings of the case, insisted that Rotomac Global and its promoter Vikram Kothari had violated the [[Foreign Exchange Management Act]] guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Das |first1=Shaswati |last2=Archana |first2=Alekh |date=2018-02-20 |title=Rotomac bank fraud: CBI files FIR against scam worth ₹3,695 crore |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/vBvxbqXc0DFcIPWq6R57GJ/CBI-registers-FIR-against-Rotomac-promoter-for-Rs800-crore-b.html |website=www.livemint.com}}</ref>

Rotomac promoter Vikram Kothari obtained a slew of foreign letters of credit in order to facilitate payment arrangements to his buyers and suppliers abroad as part of Rotomac's [[international trade]] requirements.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-20 |title=Rotomac scam: How a Rs 3,700 crore con was penned |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/how-a-rs-3700-crore-con-was-penned/articleshow/62990080.cms |access-date=2024-11-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The company had submitted forged documents to the respective banks for the conduct of its trading activities and about 11 letters of credit had been issued in favour of two beneficiaries namely Fareast Distributors & Logistic P Ltd and RBA Venture Ltd. Rotomac allegedly failed to comply with [[documentary evidence]] and it raised concerns from the banks about the authenticity of the trade vessel and voyages used for the trading activities as mentioned in the [[bill of lading]]. The company also subsequently failed to meet debt obligations for the loans it borrowed from seven banks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-19 |title=Rotomac Pens owner Vikram Kothari booked in Rs 800-crore loan default case, CBI raids his Kanpur properties |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/cbi-detains-rotomac-pens-boss-vikram-kothari-in-rs-800-crore-loan-default-case-1172600-2018-02-19 |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The company was penalised by CBI under the [[Indian Penal Code]] sections including criminal conspiracy (120-B) and cheating offenses (420), in addition to the provisions under the [[Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pen-Maker Rotomac Global Charged In 750 Crores Bank Fraud Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pen-maker-rotomac-global-charged-in-750-crores-bank-fraud-case-3526317 |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The Enforcement Directorate also registered a [[money laundering]] case against Kothari and his family members under the provisions of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act to ascertain whether Kothari and his family members disguised the true origins of the money received from banks by purposefully navigating the funds to various offshore accounts in order to create illegal assets and [[Black market|black money]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-19 |title=Rotomac loan default swells to Rs 3,695 crore, CBI files case against Vikram Kothari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/rotomac-loan-default-swells-to-rs-3695-crore-cbi-files-case-against-vikram-kothari/articleshow/62982966.cms |access-date=2024-11-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 8 December 2018, Rotomac's manufacturing unit in [[Kanpur]] winded up its operations due to the unpaid liabilities to the consortium of banks and the CBI investigations against the directors of the company. The employment contracts of the employees who had been employed at the manufacturing unit of Rotomac were also terminated with immediate effect.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-21 |title=Never thought factory would be closed suddenly: Rotomac staff |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/never-thought-factory-would-be-closed-suddenly-rotomac-staff-5072067/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Pen manufacturers}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pen manufacturers]]
[[Category:Money laundering]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]

Nimish Ravi

2025-11-16T16:22:44Z

Bpk: New A Info W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nimish Ravi
| image = Nimish Ravi.jpg
| caption = Nimish Ravi as of 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|11|13}}
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]]
| yearsactive = 2019{{Endash}}present
}}

'''Nimish Ravi''' (born 13 November 1994)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ufffffff, 30 already? Ahaana Krishna’s sweet birthday message for cinematographer Nimish Ravi |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/13/ahaana-krishna-birthday-wish-nimish-ravi-cinematographer.html |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Ufffffff, 30 already? Ahaana Krishna’s sweet birthday message for cinematographer Nimish Ravi |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian cinematographer who works primarily in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-20 |title=Shades, shapes and shadows of 'Rorschach' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-grunge-and-nft-art-inspired-malayalam-psychological-thriller-rorschach-starring-mammootty/article65996510.ece |access-date=2023-06-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He made his feature‐film debut as director of photography with ''[[Luca (2019 film)|Luca]]'' (2019). He gained wide recognition for his period work on ''[[Kurup (2021 film)|Kurup]]'', for which he won the SIIMA Award for Best Cinematography, and the ultramodern ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=2022-09-12 |title=SIIMA 2022 Tamil and Malayalam Winners list: Doctor and Minnal Murali sweep maximum awards |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2022-tamil-and-malayalam-winners-list-doctor-and-minnal-murali-sweep-maximum-awards-1999165-2022-09-12 |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> His other notable credits include ''[[Rorschach (film)|Rorschach]]'' (2022), ''[[King of Kotha]]'' (2023), and ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' (2024).

== Career ==
He has been the recipient of [[SIIMA Awards]] for best cinematography for ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIIMA 2022 Tamil and Malayalam Winners list: Doctor and Minnal Murali sweep maximum awards |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2022-tamil-and-malayalam-winners-list-doctor-and-minnal-murali-sweep-maximum-awards-1999165-2022-09-12 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=India Today |date=12 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is known for his work in his debut film, ''[[Luca (2019 film)|Luca]]'' (2019). Followed by the success of ''Kurup'' and ''[[Rorschach (film)|Rorschach]]'' (2022). He reunited with Dulquer Salmaan and Mammootty in ''[[King of Kotha]]'' (2023) and ''[[Bazooka (film)|Bazooka]]'', respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=Tovino Thomas' Luca goes on floors |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/tovino-thomas-luca-5561294/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Nimish Ravi on visuals of Dulquer's Kurup: Street photos from '60s to '80s served as references |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-nimish-ravi-on-visuals-of-dulquer-s-kurup-street-photos-from-60s-to-80s-served-as-references/c53dc7ed77303 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan heaps praise on Mammootty's Rorschach |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/oct/13/vineeth-sreenivasan-heaps-praise-on-mammoottys-rorschach-35579.html |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=13 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=King of Kotha: Dulquer Salmaan's gangster drama gears up for teaser release! |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/32209/king-of-kotha-dulquer-salmaan-aishwarya-lekshmi-kok |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year !! Title !! Language !! class"unsortable" | Notes !! Ref.
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Luca (2019 film)|Luca]]'' || rowspan="5" |[[Malayalam]] || Debut in [[Malayalam cinema]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/13/ahaana-krishna-birthday-wish-nimish-ravi-cinematographer.html | title=Ufffffff, 30 already? Ahaana Krishna’s sweet birthday message for cinematographer Nimish Ravi. | date=13 November 2024 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=OnManorma}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2021 || ''[[Sara's]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/anna-ben-and-sunny-wayne-s-sara-s-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-on-july-5-1821674-2021-07-01 | title=Anna Ben and Sunny Wayne's Sara's to release on Amazon Prime Video on July 5 | date=1 July 2021 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/Jan/02/kurup-to-be-released-in-five-languages-2244169.html | title=Kurup to be released in five languages | date=2 January 2021 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 ||''[[Rorschach (film)|Rorschach]]'' || ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/Oct/01/mammoottys-rorschach-release-date-announced-2503936.html |title=Mammootty's 'Rorschach' release date announced | date=1 October 2022 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 ||''[[King of Kotha]]'' || || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dulquer-salmaan-on-king-of-kotha-response-i-have-always-received-more-love-than-i-could-ever-dream-of/articleshow/103065891.cms |title=Dulquer Salmaan on ‘King Of Kotha’ response: I have always received more love than I could ever dream of | date=25 August 2023 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Debut in [[Telugu cinema]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/dulquer-salmaans-lucky-baskhar-digital-streaming-on-netflix-1840154 |title=Lucky Baskhar OTT Release Date and Platform | date=21 November 2024 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Bazooka (film)|Bazooka]]'' || rowspan="2" | Malayalam || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-11-12 |title=Here's a release update on Mammootty's Bazooka |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Nov/12/heres-a-release-update-on-mammoottys-bazooka-49478.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-06-08 |title=Naslen-Kalyani Priyadarshan film titled Lokah Chapter One: Chandra |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jun/08/naslen-kalyani-priyadarshan-film-titled-lokah-chapter-one-chandra |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || {{pending film|[[Suriya 46]]}} || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Debut in [[Tamil cinema]]||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suriya, Venky Atluri, Mamitha Baju’s bilingual film Suriya 46 goes on floors |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/suriya-venky-atluri-mamitha-bajus-bilingual-film-suriya-46-goes-on-floors-73962.amp |date=19 May 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Other Works===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Language !! class"unsortable" | Notes !! Ref.
|-
| 2021 || ''Thonnal'' || rowspan="3" | Malayalam || Music Video || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ahaana-krishnas-music-video-thonnal-strikes-a-chord-with-the-audience/articleshow/87449429.cms |title=Ahaana Krishna’s music video ‘Thonnal’ strikes a chord with the audience | date=1 November 2021 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''Me Myself & I'' || Web Series || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/malayalam/ahaana-krishna-to-star-in-me-myself-i-web-series-heres-the-trailer/articleshow/93496724.cms |title=Ahaana Krishna to star in ‘Me Myself & I’ web series, here’s the trailer |date=11 August 2022 |access-date=12 August 2025 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024 || ''[[Manorathangal]]'' || Anthology Series Segment:''Kazhcha'' || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/manorathangal-review-kamal-haasan-mohanlal-fahadh-faasil-anthology-101723655573983-amp.html |title=Manorathangal review: Anthology with best of Malayalam film industry that captures the essence of human relationships | date=15 August 2024 | access-date=12 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''Shades Of Baby Pink'' || Telugu || Short Film || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shades-of-baby-pink-movie-review-a-heartwarming-take-on-love-and-longing/article68584436.ece |title=‘Shades of (Baby) Pink’ movie review: A heartwarming take on love and longing | date=30 August 2024 | access-date=12 August 2025 | work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2022
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Cinematographer {{Ndash}} Malayalam
|[[Kurup (film)|''Kurup'']]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hymavati |first=Ravali |date=2022-09-12 |title=SIIMA 2022: Here Is The Complete Winners List |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-2022-here-is-the-complete-winners-list-761467 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=nm9278539}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Indian cinematographers]]
[[Category:Telugu film cinematographers]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]

Jayciana

2025-11-03T14:57:29Z

Bpk: made initial stub nd citations

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{short description|Annual cultural festival}}{{Excessive detail|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Jayciana
|logo =
|genre = [[Cultural Festival (India)|Cultural festival]]
|filing = Student-run, non-profit organization
|founded = 1977
|location = Mysuru, India
|coordinates =
|sponsor = Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering
|events =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jayciana''' is the [[Cultural Festival (India)|annual cultural festival]] of the [[JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru|JSS Science and Technology University]]. The festival, located in [[Mysuru]], is usually held during the months of April and May.

In 2016, Jayciana hosted the maiden performance of [[West Indies cricket team|West Indian cricketer]] [[Dwayne Bravo|Dwayne John Bravo]], singer [[Benny Dayal]], [[tabla]] band Beat Gurus, and artiste [[Machas with Attitude|V. Brodha]].<ref>{{cite news|title='CHAMPION' BRAVO TO ENTHRAL MYSUREANS AT SJCE TOMORROW|url=http://www.starofmysore.com/main.asp?type=news&item=46727|accessdate=21 April 2016|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423010612/http://www.starofmysore.com/main.asp?type=news|archivedate=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bravo to set the stage on fire at Mysuru college|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Bravo-to-set-the-stage-on-fire-at-Mysuru-college/articleshow/51919418.cms|author=Manuja Veerappa|accessdate=21 April 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Bengaluru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering Jayciana '16 – Day 3|url=http://sjce.ac.in/event/jayciana-16-day-3/|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-date=28 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428182148/http://sjce.ac.in/event/jayciana-16-day-3/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jayciana 2014 featured the maiden performance of Romanian dance pop act [[Akcent]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Akcent to perform at Sri Jayachamaraja College of Engineering fest|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/Akcent-to-perform-at-Sri-Jayachamaraja-College-of-Engineering-fest/articleshow/33223905.cms|accessdate=4 April 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> [[Cinema of Karnataka|Sandalwood]] actor [[Vijay Raghavendra]] as part of the jury of a dance competition, music by [[Shankar Mahadevan]] and his troupe, a showcase of their ethnic collection, and judge appearance by [[Prasad Bidapa]] for a fashion contest.<ref name=Jayciana2014>{{cite news|title='Jayciana 2014' from tomorrow|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/396550/039jayciana-2014039-tomorrow.html|accessdate=3 April 2014|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref name=AMovieStyle>{{cite news|title=A Movie-Style Fun College Life|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/A-Movie-Style-Fun-College-Life/2014/09/08/article2416731.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508022033/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/A-Movie-Style-Fun-College-Life/2014/09/08/article2416731.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2016|author=A Sharadhaa|accessdate=8 September 2014|newspaper=The New Indian Express|location=Bengaluru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shankar Mahadevan to perform in Mysore tonight|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/Shankar-Mahadevan-to-perform-in-Mysore/articleshow/33279603.cms|author=Vinay Lokesh |accessdate=6 April 2014|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=Jayciana2016/> Sandalwood theater actor [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]], then a student at SJCE, participated in [[dramatics]] and [[folk dance]] events.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dhanu special|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/Dhanu-special/2013/09/16/article1782693.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508051615/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/Dhanu-special/2013/09/16/article1782693.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2016|author=A Sharadhaa|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|location=Bengaluru, India}}</ref> Sandalwood actor, filmmaker, and television presenter [[Ramesh Aravind|Ramesh Arvind]] participated and won prizes as an engineering student in Jayciana.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ramesh likens Mysore to Paris|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/217231/ramesh-likens-mysore-paris.html|newspaper=Deccan Herald – Star Concern|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref>

== History ==

Jayciana was founded in 1977 by the college's student union.<ref name=JaycianaBegins>{{cite news|title=Jayciana begins at SJCE|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may202006/district2225122006519.asp|accessdate=20 May 2006|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India|archive-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424225920/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may202006/district2225122006519.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NidhiSubbaiah>{{cite news|title=Nidhi Subbaiah to feature in a college documentary|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Nidhi-Subbaiah-to-feature-in-a-college-documentary/articleshow/33378516.cms|accessdate=7 April 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref>

Jayciana 2006 was inaugurated by [[Rangayana]] theatre Director Chidambar Rao Jambe; a fusion music performance was given by the troupe [[Swarathma]] and 'Swaranjana', a [[Band (rock and pop)|rock band]].<ref name=JaycianaBegins/><ref name=Jayciana2006>{{cite news|title='Jayciana 2006' draws to a close|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/jayciana-2006-draws-to-a-close/article3136480.ece|accessdate=22 May 2006|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref> In 2007, [[Race track#Surfaces|dirt track]] racing was held for both four-wheelers and [[Motorcycle|two-wheelers]]. The four-wheeler race (categorized by time-speed and distance) covered nearly 100 km of route length, touching the Outer Ring Road of Mysuru, Bogadi, Jayapura, H.D. Kote Road, [[Krishna Raja Sagara|KRS]] Road, and back.<ref>{{cite news|title=A field day for racing enthusiasts|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/a-field-day-for-racing-enthusiasts/article1829162.ece|author=SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT|accessdate=16 April 2007|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref> 2007 Jayciana also featured a performance from [[Cinema of Karnataka|Sandalwood]] actor [[Prem Kumar (Kannada actor)|Prem Kumar]].<ref name=ItsTimeToRock>{{cite news|title=It's time to rock at campus!|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/161146/content/213348/archives.php|accessdate=13 May 2011|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=In Mysore Today|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/in-mysore-today/article1831140.ece|accessdate=20 April 2007|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>


In 2009, a [[marathon]] was held for awareness on [[Road traffic safety|road safety]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Marathon|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/marathon/article315116.ece|author=Staff Correspondent|accessdate=25 April 2009|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref> it was won by Sriharsha (Mysore University), Rutvik (Mysore University), Sevant Kumar (SJCE).{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Jayciana 2010 saw the presence of Indian film actor and former model [[Diganth]], [[Parsi people|Parsi]] model and actress from [[Mumbai]] [[Jennifer Kotwal]], and the late [[Kannada]] film director Sandeep S. Gowda.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kannada film director Sandeep A S dies in Bengaluru crash|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/young-kannada-film-director-dies-in-bengaluru-crash/|author=Express News Service|accessdate=11 January 2016|newspaper=The Indian Express|location=Bengaluru, India}}</ref> On 25 April 2010, [[Parikrama (band)|Parikrama]] performed in Jayciana.<ref name="ItsTimeToRock" /><ref name="Jayciana10">{{cite web|title=Jayciana '10|url=http://solutionsinfini.net/studentMag_aug27/website/CampusBulletin_May_Jayciana10.php|author=The Students|location=Bengaluru, India|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-date=5 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805203611/http://solutionsinfini.net/studentMag_aug27/website/CampusBulletin_May_Jayciana10.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="JAYCIANACulturalShow">{{cite web|title=JAYCIANA cultural show begins at SJCE|url=http://www.inmysore.com/jayciana-cultural-show-begins-at-sjce|author=KCU Courtesy : Star of Mysore|accessdate=24 April 2010|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> The marathon of 2010 raised awareness of [[tiger conservation]]. Jayciana 2011 saw presence of Sandalwood actor [[Vijay Raghavendra|Vijaya Raghavendra]] and other cast members of [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada movie]] ''[[Vinayaka Geleyara Balaga|Sri Vinayaka Geleyara Balaga]]''. It also included a performance by singer-songwriter [[Raghu Dixit]].<ref name=ItsTimeToRock/> The 2011 marathon was for awareness on corruption.<ref name=WatchOutForJayciana/> [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] appeared at Jayciana in 2011.<ref name="ItsTimeToRock" />

Jayciana 2012 included 'Ride for Safety', a [[Harley-Davidson]] rally and [[Exhibition|expo]] by Bangalore Pandhis<ref>{{cite news|title=Pandhis bond over a bike|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Pandhis-bond-over-a-bike/articleshow/12845274.cms|author=Sunil Subbaiah|accessdate=24 April 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Bengaluru, India}}</ref> that included [[Harley-Davidson Sportster|Sportster]], [[Softail#Harley-Davidson Softail|Fatboy]], Iron 833, and Street Bob motorcycles.<ref>{{cite news|title='Superstars' on macho bikes steal hearts of fans|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/243838/superstars-macho-bikes-steal-hearts.html|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rally on safety|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/rally-on-safety/article3334613.ece|author=Staff Correspondent|accessdate=20 April 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> [[Limca Book of Records|Limca Record]] holder [[Shadowgraphy (performing art)|Amar Sen]] displayed his [[Sand art and play|sand art skills]]. A marathon called 'Green Run' was organised for awareness on importance of a clean and green environment. A cycle marathon called 'Jaycycle' was organised for awareness on conserving the earth and [[fossil fuel]]s, protecting the environment and reducing [[greenhouse gas emissions]], as well as the necessity for staying healthy and fit with regular exercise and to urge more people to take to cycling.<ref name=WatchOutForJayciana>{{cite news|title=Watch out for Jayciana|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/Watch-out-for-Jayciana/articleshow/12830096.cms|accessdate=23 April 2010|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=It was an out-and-out 'maiden' Jaycycle 2012!|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/245810/it-out-maiden-jaycycle-2012.html|accessdate=29 April 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cycle marathon held in Mysore city|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/cycle-marathon-held-in-mysore-city/article3369044.ece|author=STAFF CORRESPONDENT|accessdate=25 April 2009|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> People For Animals (PFA), an [[animal welfare]] oriented NGO located at Bogadi, Mysuru, was involved in awareness on protecting animals against [[cruelty]] and work to bring about a change in [[Attitude (psychology)|attitudes]], laws, and [[Lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyles]] towards improving conditions for animals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Care for four-legged on display at Jayciana|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/245320/care-four-legged-display-jayciana.html|accessdate=27 April 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref>

In Jayciana 2013, specially abled Aalok Jain showcased his talent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Specially abled makes a grand appearance at Yuva Dasara|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/361762/specially-abled-makes-grand-appearance.html|author=Sreekantswamy B|accessdate=7 October 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> The 2014 edition of Jayciana also saw performance by Abhinava Dance Company of [[Nirupama Rajendra|Nirupama-Rajendra]] and the presence of [[Sriimurali]],<ref name="Shaping rage into strength">{{cite news |title= Shaping rage into strength |url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/387699/shaping-rage-strength.html |work= Deccan Herald |date= 22 February 2014 |accessdate= 22 February 2014}}</ref> an Indian actor who works predominantly in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]], and [[Ragini Dwivedi|Ragini Dvivedi]], an Indian film actor and model who appears in [[South Indian cinema]] but primarily in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]].<ref name="Jayciana2014" /><ref name="AMovieStyle" /><ref>{{cite web|title=JSS_Masa_patrike_june20141|url=http://jssonline.org/jss/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JSS_Masa_patrike_june20141.pdf|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507135043/http://jssonline.org/jss/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JSS_Masa_patrike_june20141.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jayciana 2014 gets under way tomorrow|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/jayciana-2014-gets-under-way-tomorrow/article5870098.ece|author=SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT|accessdate=4 April 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> A cycle marathon, was organised to spread awareness on voting in view of the then upcoming [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha elections]] and also educate people on protecting the environment, which was flagged off by Kannada film director [[Simple Suni|Suni]].<ref>{{cite news|title=300 people participate in cycle marathon in Mysore|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/300-people-participate-in-cycle-marathon-in-mysore/article5853094.ece|author=SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT|accessdate=31 March 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref> The marathon under the theme of "Vote and save democracy" served for awareness on democracy and voting.<ref>{{cite news|title=SJCE marathon attracts 2,000 participants, creates voter awareness|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/sjce-marathon-attracts-2000-participants-creates-voter-awareness/article5881343.ece|author=SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT|accessdate=7 April 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref>

Jayciana 2015 saw performances by singer [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[electronic dance music|EDM]] by [[Sunburn Festival|SUNBURN]], and [[flute]] player [[Pravin Godkhindi|Praveen Godkhindi]].<ref name=Jayciana2016/><ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering|url=http://sjce.ac.in/home-slider/650/}}</ref> In Jayciana 2016, the Cyclothon motto was "One nation. One beautiful city. Let's keep it [[Cleanest cities in India|clean]]."<ref name=Jayciana2016/><ref>{{cite news|title=Mysuru tops Swachh Bharat rankings, Delhi Cantt. at 15th slot|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/swachh-bharat-mission-mysore-tops-swachh-bharat-rankings-delhi-cantt-at-15th-slot/article7516267.ece|agency=Press Trust of India|accessdate=8 August 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Trying hard to retain Mysuru's cleanest city tag|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/trying-hard-to-retain-mysurus-cleanest-city-tag/article8056579.ece|author=SHANKAR BENNUR|accessdate=2 January 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=136427 |title= Swachh Survekshan −2016 – ranks of 73 cities}}</ref>

Jayciana 2017 saw performances by [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Shefali Alvares]], and [[Edward Maya]]; and a guest appearance by Darshan Thoogudeepa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Inauguration of Jayciana at SJCE Tomorrow|url=https://starofmysore.com/inauguration-jayciana-sjce-tomorrow|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Musical Delight… At Jayciana-17|url=https://starofmysore.com/musical-delight-jayciana-17/|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jayciana-2017 Takes Off on a Colourful Note|url=https://starofmysore.com/jayciana-2017-takes-off-colourful-note/|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Edward Maya Entertains Enthusiastic Crowd at Jayciana|url=https://starofmysore.com/edward-maya-entertains-enthusiastic-crowd-jayciana|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref>

In Jayciana 2018 performance is expected by [[Vasishta N. Simha|Vasishta Simha]], [[Prakriti Kakar]], [[Lost Stories (DJs)|Lost Stories]] team and Chetas.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayciana from today|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/jayciana-from-today/article23517382.ece|author=Special Correspondent|accessdate=13 April 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref>{{Needs update|date=July 2024}}

==Events==
Generally, organised events are:
* [[Sports]] – [[chess]], [[kabaddi]], cyclothon, [[marathon]], [[basketball]], [[badminton]], [[table tennis]], [[volleyball]], [[cricket]], [[association football|football]], [[throwball]], [[arm wrestling]], [[tug of war]], [[Flying disc|frisbee]], [[handball]], car and [[Motorcycle|bike]] [[World's fair|expo]] and [[Rallying|rally]] respectively<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayciana Chess Tourney in City on Apr.8|url=https://starofmysore.com/jayciana-chess-tourney-in-city-on-apr-8/|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India}}</ref>
* [[Animal show|Pet show]]
* Culture and art – [[dramatics]], [[folk dance]], ethnic day, [[flash mob]], rock show, singing, Miss Jayciana, [[fashion show]], [[Sketch comedy|skit]], photo marathon, mad advertisements, [[charades]], [[Pictionary]], [[debate]], [[Ex tempore|extempore]], film music, [[Folk music|folk songs]], group songs, and orchestra<ref name=Jayciana2006/><ref name=ItsTimeToRock/><ref name=Jayciana10/><ref name=JAYCIANACulturalShow/><ref name=WatchOutForJayciana/><ref>{{cite news|title=City girl M.P. Roshini is Miss India Bengaluru Finalist|url=http://www.starofmysore.com/searchinfo.asp?search1=45321&search2=newsheadlines|accessdate=24 December 2015|newspaper=Star of Mysore|location=Mysuru, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911223719/http://www.starofmysore.com/searchinfo.asp?search1=45321&search2=newsheadlines|archive-date=11 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Informal – [[quiz]]zes, [[paintball]], [[Treasure hunt (game)|treasure hunt]]
* Digital – [[PC game|computer gaming]], [[Short film|short movie]], band wars<ref name=Jayciana2016>{{cite web|title=Jayciana 2016|url=http://jayciana2k16.in/|location=Mysuru, India|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-date=6 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006031121/http://jayciana2k16.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Publicity==
Jayciana has received coverage in print, digital, and online media like ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[Star of Mysore]]'', and News 1 [[ಕನ್ನಡ]] (News 1 [[Kannada]]).

===Associates, partners, and publicity===

Eventt sponsors have included:{{Excessive detail inline|date=July 2024}}

* Friendly Motors, [[Mysuru]]<ref>{{cite news|title=The fast and the furious|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/the-fast-and-the-furious/article298401.ece|author=Special Correspondent|accessdate=6 April 2009|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Karnataka, India}}</ref>
* Sandesh The Prince
* Samast International
* Pathak Developers Pvt. Ltd
* [[Karnataka Milk Federation|ನಂದಿನಿ, ಕೆ ಎಂ ಎಫ್]] ([[Karnataka Milk Federation|Nandini K M F]])
* Merako Media Pvt. Ltd
* Mysore Socials
* Loyal World
* Windflower Spa
* [[Sobha Ltd.|Sobha Limited]]
* Cafe [[Cornucopia]]
* Chirag ads
* [[Parle Agro|Bailley]]
* [[Radisson Blu]] Plaza Hotel
* News 1 [[ಕನ್ನಡ]] (News 1 [[Kannada]])
* [[BM Habitat Mall|DRC Cinemas]]
* MasthMysore<ref name="Jayciana2016" />

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://jayciana2k16.in/ Jayciana 2016 – Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006031121/http://jayciana2k16.in/ |date=6 October 2016 }}
* [https://www.facebook.com/jayciana16official Jayciana 2016, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering – Facebook Page]
* [https://www.instagram.com/jayciana2k16/ Jayciana 2016 – Instagram]
* [https://www.facebook.com/jayciana2015/ Jayciana 2015, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering – Facebook Page]
* [https://www.facebook.com/jacyciana14 Jayciana 2014, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering – Facebook Page]
* [https://www.facebook.com/jayciana13/ Jayciana 2013, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering – Facebook Page]
* [http://pfamysore.org PFA People For Animals Mysore]
* [https://www.facebook.com/People-For-Animals-Mysore-331731793509104/ People For Animals, Mysore – Facebook Page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayciana}}
[[Category:Culfests]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1980]]
[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]

2001–02 NKP Salve Challenger Trophy

2025-11-01T01:52:46Z

Bpk: starting post...

{{use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket series
|series=NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 2001/02 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/2002/jan/16misc.htm|title=NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 2001/02 score, Match schedules, fixtures, points table, results, news|website=Rediff}}</ref>
|image=
|caption=
|date= 10-13 January 2002
|place= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
|result= Won by India A
|player of series= [[Sarandeep Singh]] (India A)
|team1=India Seniors
|team2=India A
|team3=India B
|captain1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourav Ganguly]]
|captain2={{flagicon|IND}} [[VVS Laxman]]
|captain3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anil Kumble]]
|runs1= [[Hemang Badani]] (170)
|runs2= Sangram Singh (114)
|runs3= [[Dinesh Mongia]] (133)
|wickets1= [[Sourav Ganguly]] (5)
|wickets2= [[Sarandeep Singh]] (9)
|wickets3= [[Anil Kumble]] (3)
|previous= [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 2000-01|2000–01]]
|next= [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 2003-04|2003–04]]
}}

The 8th [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy]] was an [[Limited overs cricket|Indian domestic cricket]] tournament that was held in [[Bangalore]] from 10 January to 13 January 2002. The series involved the domestic and national players from India who were allocated in India Seniors, India A, and India B. India A defeated India Seniors by 8 wickets in the final to become the champions of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nkp-salve-challenger-trophy-2001-02-588469/india-vs-india-a-final-115501/full-scorecard|title=VVS Laxman's men are the champions of NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 2001/02|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Squads==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| {{flagicon|IND}} India Seniors <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/2002/jan/16misc.htm|title=India Seniors Squad - India Seniors Squad - NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 2001/02 Squad|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NKP Salve Trophy, 2001-02 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2001-02/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_2001-02_IND-SQUAD.html |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=static.espncricinfo.com}}</ref>
! style="width:15%;"| {{flagicon|IND}} India A <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/2002/jan/16misc.htm|title=India A Squad - India A Squad - NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 2001/02 Squad|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NKP Salve Trophy, 2001-02 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2001-02/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_2001-02_IND-A-SQUAD.html |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=static.espncricinfo.com}}</ref>
! style="width:15%;"| {{flagicon|IND}} India B <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/2002/jan/16misc.htm|title=India B Squad - India B Squad - NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 2001/02 Squad|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NKP Salve Trophy, 2001-02 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2001-02/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_2001-02_IND-B-SQUAD.html |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=static.espncricinfo.com}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Sourav Ganguly]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[SS Das]]
* [[Virender Sehwag]]
* [[Hemang Badani]]
* [[Sanjay Bangar]]
* [[Deep Dasgupta]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[Sunil Joshi]]
* [[Tinu Yohannan]]
* [[Iqbal Siddiqui]]
* [[Debasis Mohanty]]
* [[Jacob Martin (cricketer)|Jacob Martin]]
|
* [[VVS Laxman]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Connor Williams (cricketer)|Connor Williams]]
* [[Daniel Manohar]]
* [[Rohan Gavaskar]]
* Sangram Singh
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Ajay Ratra]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Reetinder Singh Sodhi]]
* [[Murali Kartik]]
* [[Zaheer Khan]]
* [[Ajit Agarkar]]
* [[Sarandeep Singh]]
* [[Shitanshu Kotak|Sitanshu Kotak]]
|
* [[Anil Kumble]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Mohammad Kaif]]
* [[Sridharan Sriram|S Sriram]]
* [[Dinesh Mongia]]
* [[Hrishikesh Kanitkar]]
* [[Arjun Yadav]]
* [[Zakaria Zuffri|Syed Zakaria Zuffri]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Vijay Bharadwaj]]
* [[Pankaj Dharmani]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Ashish Nehra]]
* [[Sanjay Pandey (cricketer)|Sanjay Pandey]]
* [[Amit Bhandari]]
* [[Devendra Bundela]]
|}

==Points Table==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|source=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nkp-salve-challenger-trophy-2001-02-588469/points-table-standings 'Points Table']
|winpoints=4
|nrpoints=2
|show_tie=no
|showteam={{{team}}}

|team1=India A|team2=India Seniors
|team3=India B

|result1=Q |result2=Q |result3=

|win_India A=2 |loss_India A=0 |nr_India A=0 |nrr_India A=+0.748
|win_India Seniors=1 |loss_India Seniors=1 |nr_India Seniors=0 |nrr_India Seniors=+0.439
|win_India B=0 |loss_India B=2 |nr_India B=0 |nrr_India B=-1.254

|name_India A={{flagicon|IND}} '''India A'''
|name_India Seniors={{flagicon|IND}} '''India Seniors'''
|name_India B={{flagicon|IND}} '''India B'''

|col_Q=#cfc
|col_O=#fcc
}}

==Matches==
===Group stage===
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 10 January 2002
| team1 = India Seniors {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 = 229/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 235/8 (47.5 overs)
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India A
| runs1 = [[Hemang Badani]] 41 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Sarandeep Singh]] 3/36 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 55 (77)
| wickets2 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 4/40 (10 overs)
| result = India A won by 2 wickets.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nkp-salve-challenger-trophy-2001-02-588469/india-vs-india-a-115408/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of India Seniors vs India A 2001/02 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore]]
| toss = India Seniors won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[MS Mahal]] (IND) and [[Satish Gupta]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain = Points: India A 4, India Seniors 0
}}
----
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 11 January 2002
| team1 = India B {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 = 288/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 289/5 (39.5 overs)
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India Seniors
| runs1 = [[Dinesh Mongia]] 131 (140)
| wickets1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/53 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 125 (93)
| wickets2 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 2/66 (10 overs)
| result = India Seniors won by 5 wickets.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nkp-salve-challenger-trophy-2001-02-588469/india-vs-india-b-115449/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of India Seniors vs India B 2001/02 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore]]
| toss = India B won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Krishna Hariharan]] (IND) and [[SK Sharma]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain = Points: India Seniors 4, India B 0
| notes = India Seniors were fined 3 overs for maintaining slow over rate. Hence, their target was 289 runs in 47 overs.
}}
----
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 12 January 2002
| team1 = India A {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 = 289/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 230 (38.4 overs)
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India B
| runs1 = [[Connor Williams (cricketer)|Connor Williams]] 73 (91)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 2/47 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Kaif]] 69 (68)
| wickets2 = [[Sarandeep Singh]] 5/57 (10 overs)
| result = India A won by 59 runs.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nkp-salve-challenger-trophy-2001-02-588469/india-a-vs-india-b-115487/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of India A vs India B 2001/02 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore]]
| toss = India B won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Satish Gupta]] (IND) and [[MS Mahal]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain =
| notes = Points: India A 4, India B 0
}}

==Final==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 January 2002
| team1 = India Seniors {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 = 154 (36 overs)
| score2 = 157/2 (32 overs)
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India A
| runs1 = [[Hemang Badani]] 52 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Murali Kartik]] 3/28 (5 overs)
| runs2 = Sangram Singh 75 (78)
| wickets2 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/30 (9 overs)
| result = India A won by 8 wickets.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nkp-salve-challenger-trophy-2001-02-588469/india-vs-india-a-final-115501/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of India Seniors vs India A Final 2001/02 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore]]
| toss = India Seniors won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Krishna Hariharan]] (IND) and [[SK Sharma]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain =
| notes = India A became the winners of the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 2001/02.
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 2001-02}}
[[Category:2001 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2002 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2001–02]]
[[Category:NKP Salve Challenger Trophy]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Diocese of Kurnool

2025-09-11T12:29:43Z

Bpk: Creating Details.

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Kurnool
|latin = Dioecesis Kurnoolensis
|country = {{flag|India}}
|local = कुरनूल के सूबा
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Our Lady of Lourdes Cathedral
|cocathedral = St. Teresa’s Co-Cathedral
|area_km2 = 43,000
|population =
|population_as_of = 2010
|catholics = 82,484
|catholics_percent=
|parishes = 52
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = Johannes Gorantla, {{small|O.C.D.}}
|vicar_general = [[Msgr. David Arulappa]]
|metro_archbishop = [[Anthony Poola]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|emeritus_bishops =
|website = [http://kurnooldiocese.org/ Website of the Diocese]
|headquarters=|denomination=|territory=[[Andhra Pradesh]] districts of [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]] and [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Kurnool''' ({{langx|la|Dioecesis Kurnoolensis}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Kurnool]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] in India.

==History==
[[Jesuits|Jesuit]] missionaries evangelized this region until 1773, when missionaries from the [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]] took over the mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title=India: Pope appoints new bishop of diocese of Kurnool |url=https://www.rvasia.org/asian-news/india-pope-appoints-new-bishop-diocese-kurnool |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=RVA News |language=en}}</ref>

The current Diocese of Kurnool was erected from the [[Diocese of Nellore]] on 12 June 1967.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

==Ordinary==

=== Bishop ===

# [[Joseph Rajappa]] (12 June 1967 – 18 January 1988)
# [[Mathew Cheriankunnel]], {{Small|[[P.I.M.E.]]}} (18 January 1988 – 16 July 1991)
# [[Johannes Gorantla]] (6 December 1993 – 20 January 2007)
# Cardinal [[Anthony Poola]] (8 February 2008 – 19 November 2020);<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title=Rinunce e nomine |trans-title=Resignations and Appointments |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2008/02/08/0082/00202.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=press.vatican.va |language=it}}</ref> elevated Archbishop of Hyderabad
# [[Johannes Gorantla (Carmelite)|Johannes Gorantla]], {{Small|[[O.C.D.]]}} (27 February 2024 – )<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2024 |title=Rinunce e nomine |trans-title=Resignations and Appointments |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2024/02/27/0168/00347.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=press.vatican.va |language=it}}</ref>

=== Apostolic administrator ===

# Bishop Abraham Aruliah Somavarapa (1991 – 6 December 1993)
# Monsignor Anthonappa Chowrappa (20 November 2020 – 2024)

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kurn0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkurn.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{coord|15.8083|N|78.0417|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurnool}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1967]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Christianity in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kurnool]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

Khurda Road Junction railway station

2025-09-08T00:27:15Z

Bpk: Structure improved and content revised

{{Short description|Railway station in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Khurda Road Junction
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] [[junction station]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Rail station, Khurda Road.JPG
| image_caption =
| address = Jatani, Khurda, Odisha
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|20.1535|N|85.7086|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|43|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| line = [[Khurda Road–Puri line]], [[Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section]] of [[Howrah–Chennai main line]], [[Khurda Road–Bolangir line]] (under construction)
| other =
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| tracks = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| parking = Available
| opened = {{start date and age|1897}}
| platform = 7
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KUR
| zone = [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Khurda Road}}
}}
| owned =
| operator =
| status = {{color|green|Functioning}}
| former = [[East Coast State Railway]], [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Odisha#India
| map_dot_label =
| map_caption = Location in Odisha##Location in India
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways
|line=East Coast Railway zone|left=Retang|right=Argul|to-left=Howrah Junction|to-right=Chennai Central|type=[[Howrah–Chennai main line]]
|line2=East Coast Railway zone|left2=Retang|right2=Haripur Gram|to-left2=Kharagpur Junction|to-right2=Puri|type2=[[Kharagpur–Puri line]]
|line3=East Coast Railway zone|left3=|right3=Khurda Town|to-right3=Balangir|type3=[[Khurda Road-Bolangir line]] (under construction)}}
}}

'''Khurda Road''' is One of the Most Important railway junction station of East Coast Railway Zone in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].

==History==
[[File:Khurda_road_junction_rail_station_(kurj).jpg|220x124px|thumb|right|alt=Khurda Road Railway Station|Khurda Road Railway Station]]
From 1893 to 1896, {{convert|1287|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of [[East Coast State Railway]] was built and opened to traffic. It necessitated construction of some of the largest bridges across rivers like the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]], [[Brahmani River|Brahmani]], [[Baitarani River|Baitarani]], [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]], [[Kathajodi River|Kathajodi]], [[Kuakhai River|Kuakhai]] and Birupa. [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]'s line to Cuttack was opened on 1 January 1899.<ref name=ser>{{cite web | url = http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1 | title = Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway | publisher = South Eastern Railway | access-date = 2013-01-02 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1 | archive-date = 1 April 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

The Khurda Road–Puri section was opened to traffic on 1 February 1897.<ref name=ser/>

The {{convert|514|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long northern section of the East Coast State Railway was merged with BNR in 1902.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261 | title = History | publisher = East Coast Railway | access-date = 2013-01-02 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110131114416/http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1%2C261 | archive-date = 31 January 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

===Railway reorganisation===
The [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] was nationalized in 1944.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = IR History: Part - III (1900–1947)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-11-21}}</ref> [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]] was formed on 14-April-1952 with the portion of [[East Indian Railway Company]] east of [[Mughalsarai]] and the Bengal Nagpur Railway.<ref name=zones>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone |title = Geography – Railway Zones| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-11-21 }}</ref> In 1955, [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]] was carved out of Eastern Railway. It comprised lines mostly operated by BNR earlier.<ref name=zones/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history4.html |title = IR History: Part - IV (1947-1970)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-11-21 }}</ref> Amongst the new zones started in April-2003 were [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]] and [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]]. Both these railways were carved out of South Eastern Railway.<ref name=zones/>

==Railway Division==
Khurda Road is one of the three divisions of East Coast Railway.<ref name="zones"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/khurda-road-junction-kur/219 Trains at Khurda Road]

{{Railway stations in Odisha}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Khorda district]]
[[Category:Khurda Road railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1897]]

Krishna Rajendra Market metro station

2025-08-30T16:15:09Z

Bpk:

{{Short description|Namma Metro's Green Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Krishna Rajendra Market
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Green}}
| other_name = K. R. Market, Market, Kalasipalya
| style = Namma Metro
| image = Krishna Rajendra Market metro station, Bangalore (2024) 01.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = Krishna Rajendra Road, Kalasipalya, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560002
| coordinates = {{coord|12.961353|77.574571|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Underground, [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Island platform]] 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagasandra}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}
| depth = 60 metres
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Yes<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kaushal|first1=Ravi|title=Namma Metro: Green line of Bengaluru metro to be inaugurated by President Pranab Mukherjee; all you must know|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/namma-metro-green-line-of-bengaluru-metro-to-be-inaugurated-by-president-pranab-mukherjee-all-you-must-know-2244123/|website=India.com|accessdate=18 June 2017|language=en|date=17 June 2017}}</ref>
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2017|June|18|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Staffed
| code = KRMT
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| architect = COASTAL - TTS [[Joint Venture|JV]]
| architectural_style =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line=Green |left=Chickpete |right=National College }}
| route_map = {{BMR Green Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Krishna Rajendra Market''' (also known as '''K. R. Market''') is an underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] serving [[K. R. Market]] in [[Bengaluru]], India. It was opened to the public on 18 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inaugural Metro ride to south is a sweep of lovely landscapes|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/617993/inaugural-metro-ride-south-sweep.html|website=Deccan Herald|accessdate=18 June 2017}}</ref>

In January 2017, ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that the station would most likely be named Fort (Kote) Station.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Reporter|title=K.R. Market metro station to showcase heritage of locality|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/K.R.-Market-metro-station-to-showcase-heritage-of-locality/article17075407.ece|website=The Hindu|accessdate=3 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> The station is located close to several heritage sites such as Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, his armoury in Kalasipalyam, the mud fort, Kote Venkataramana Swamy temple, and the century-old Victoria and Vanivilas hospitals. The BMRCL plans to integrate the station with the nearby landmarks, and recreate a historic ambience at the station by displaying a cannon used by Tipu Sultan at the station.<ref>{{cite web|title=KR Market Metro station likely to flaunt Tipu-era cannon soon|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kr-market-metro-station-likely-to-flaunt-tipu-era-cannon-soon/articleshow/56900777.cms|website=The Times of India|accessdate=3 February 2017}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Krishna Rajendra Market track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = HSTg\HSTf
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Chickpete}}
*'''P1'''\PSTR(L)\PSTR(R)\*'''P2'''
PSTR(L)\PSTR(R) ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|National College}}
HSTg\HSTf
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and one Island platform</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/ Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''M'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Mezzanine
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''P'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=85|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|National College}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] | Doors will open on the right {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagasandra}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Chickpete}}
|}

==Facilities==

List of available [[Cash machine|ATM]] at Krishna Rajendra Market metro station are as follows:-
* Kotak mahindra ATM
* Digi bank ATM
* State bank of India ATM in Lakshmi Complex (Front of Bangalore Medical College exit)

==Entry/Exits==
There are 5 Entry/Exit points – A, B, C, D and E. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel.

* Entry/Exit point A: Towards Kalasipalya side
* Entry/Exit point B: Towards KR Market side
* Entry/Exit point C: Towards ENT Govt. Hospital side
* Entry/Exit point D: Towards Vanivilas Hospital side
* Entry/Exit point E: Towards Bangalore Fort side

==See also==
*[[Bengaluru]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bengaluru}}
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Namma Metro|green line=yes}}

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bengaluru]]

{{Karnataka-railstation-stub}}

Shri Vinoba Bhave Institute of Medical Sciences

2025-07-20T11:12:48Z

Bpk: added section for accuracy and fixed typos

#REDIRECT [[NAMO Medical Education and Research Institute]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant

2025-07-08T01:44:13Z

Bpk: page fix

{{Short description|Thermal power station in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox power station
|name = Suratgarh super thermal power station
|image =
|image_caption =
|country = India
|location = [[Suratgarh]], [[Ganganagar district|Ganganagar]], [[Rajasthan]]
|coordinates = {{coord|29.1817|N|74.0194|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}}
|status = O
|operator = [[RVUNL]]
|th_fuel_primary = [[Coal]]
|th_fuel_tertiary =
|ps_units_operational= 6
|ps_electrical_capacity= 2820.00 MW
|commissioned = 1998
|extra = Source: https://rvunl.com/
}}
'''Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Station''' is [[Rajasthan]]'s first [[super thermal power station]]. It is located 27 km away from [[Suratgarh]] town in [[Ganganagar]] district. The power plant is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd ([[RVUNL]]). The power plant has 6 units that can produce 250 megawatt and 2 units can produce 660 MW.

== Awards ==
The plant received a gold shield on 8 August 2004 from Hon'ble President for consistently outstanding performance during the years 2000 to 2004. It also received a bronze shield from Hon' Prime Minister for outstanding performance during the years 2005 and 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rvunl.com/STPS.html|title=Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Station|publisher=Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd}}</ref>

==Installed capacity==
Following is the unit wise capacity of the plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ganganagar.nic.in/Suratgarh%20Super%20Thermal%20Power%20Station.htm|title=Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Station|publisher=Ganganagar District}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Stage !! Unit Number !! Installed Capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Date of Commissioning !! Status
|-
| Stage I || 1 || 250 || May 1998 || Running
|-
| Stage I || 2 || 250 || March 2000 || Running
|-
| Stage II || 3 || 250 || October 2001 || Running
|-
| Stage II || 4 || 250 || March 2002 || Running
|-
| Stage III || 5 || 250 || June 2003 || Running
|-
| Stage IV || 6 || 250 || March 2009 || Running
|-
|Stage V || 7 || 660 || March 2016 || Running
|-
|Stage V || 8 || 660 || 2016 ||Running
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Energy|India}}
* [[Kota Super Thermal Power Plant]]
* [[Giral Lignite Power Plant]]
* [[Chhabra Thermal Power Plant]]
* [[Ramgarh Gas Thermal Power Station]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Electricity generation|state=collapsed}}
{{Power Plants of Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sri Ganganagar district]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-powerstation-stub}}

Jitubhai Chaudhary

2025-06-24T00:34:16Z

Bpk: made some details first draft!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Jitubhai Harjibhai Chaudhary''' (born 1964)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jitubhai Harjibhai Chaudhari(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KAPRADA (ST)(VALSAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=4941 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kaparada Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[Valsad district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Election Results 2022: Full list of winners & constituencies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-constituencies/articleshow/96105904.cms |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chaudhary is from [[Kaparada taluka|Kaparada]], Valsad district, Gujarat. He is the son of Harjibhai Ratanbhai Chaudhari. He studied Class 9 in 1980 at Bhakat Shri Jalaram New High School, [[Nargol]], Umargaon taluk, Valsad district, and later discontinued his studies.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Chaudhary first became an MLA winning from Mota Pondha constituency representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]. After the delimitation, it became Kaprada Assembly constituency and he retained the seat for Congress in the [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaprada Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Jitubhai Harjibhai Chaudhari of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/kaprada-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6561529.html |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He won for a third time winning the [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaprada Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kaprada-gujarat-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> Later, he resigned for Congress and joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and won the by-election in 2020 defeating Babubhai Jivlabhai Patel of Congress by a margin of 47, 066 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Kaprada Election Result 2022 LIVE: Jitubhai Harjibhai wins again by margin of over 32,900 votes - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/kaprada-election-result-2022-live-how-to-check-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-15348611.htm |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He won the election for a fifth time and got his fourth term in the assembly as he retained the seat in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. In 2022, he polled 90,399 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Vasant Patel of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 32,968 votes.<ref>https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06181.htm?ac=181</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaprada Assembly Seat, Gujarat Election 2022 – Get Kaprada constituency news updates and complete details {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/kaprada-181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203045610/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/kaprada-181 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Jitubhai}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Valsad district]]

National Highway 505A (India)

2025-02-27T18:30:14Z

Bpk: minor correct formatting based on references and updated info

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 505A
| length_km = 20
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=13|frame-lat=31.54|frame-long=78.2665|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q56055064|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 505A}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = Map of the National Highway in red
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 5
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = Powari
| terminus_b = [[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]]
| junction =
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 5
| next_route = 505A
| states = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 505A''', commonly referred to as '''NH 505A''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/168407.pdf|title=New highways notification dated March, 2016|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 5 (India)|National Highway 5]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=11 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-505A traverses the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=168916|title=Declaration of Roads as National Highways in Himachal Pradesh |website=Press Information Bureau - [[Government Of India]]|access-date=11 Aug 2018}}</ref>

== Route ==
Powari - [[Reckong Peo]] - [[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]].<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: {{jct|NH|5|country=IND}} Terminal near Powari.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/8054667 NH 505A on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH5 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Himachal Pradesh]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Monkey menace

2025-02-02T21:35:46Z

Bpk:

'''''Monkey menace''''' is a common term for a [[social]] and [[ecological]] phenomenon in [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]], it describes the growing presence of [[monkey]] populations in the rural and urban environments, and the frequent [[Human–wildlife conflict|hostile encounters]] implicated by it. This situation is fueled by [[Habitat destruction|human encroachment of wildlife areas]] and the effects of [[global warming]] on the health of ecosystem on which such [[animal]]s depend, which motivates a competition for food with humans, especially the raiding of farms. The monkey menace is parallel to similar conflicts with [[elephant]]s and [[leopard]]s.<ref name=deutsch1>{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/indian-farmers-use-tech-solutions-to-keep-away-marauding-monkeys/a-60997954 |title=India: Tech solutions to deter marauding monkeys |last= |first= |date=March 18, 2022 |website= |publisher=Deutsch Welle |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/dealing-with-monkey-menace-ranjit-lal-8322011/ |title=How to deal with monkey menace|last= |first= |date=December 14, 2022 |website= |publisher=Indian Express |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/11/19/246206307/indias-solution-to-the-monkey-menace-put-em-on-the-pill |title=India's Solution To The Monkey Menace? Put 'Em On The Pill!|last= |first= |date=November 19, 2013 |website= |publisher=NPR |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>

==In philosophy==
In his book ''The Climate of History in a Planetary Age'', [[Dipesh Chakrabarty]] approaches the problem of monkey menace as a question of human relationship to nonhuman life and the restriction of political categories, perceived as unable to provide an integral account of the human proximity and [[conviviality]] to such beings. Chakrabarty aks if the concept of [[refugee]] should be extended to animals that came to increasingly inhabit cities while considered "unwelcomed".<ref>{{cite book |last=Chakrabarty |first=Dipesh |author-link= |date=2021 |title=The Climate of History in a Planetary Age |url=https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo8642262.html |location= |publisher=the University of Chicago Press |page=126 |isbn=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Human–wildlife conflict]]
[[Category:Environment of India]]
[[Category:Environment of Sri Lanka]]

Jai Chandiram

2025-01-22T01:37:18Z

Bpk: made the stub nd citations!

{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}
{{notability|bio|date=May 2013}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
'''Jai Chandiram''' (26 December 1937 – 11 May 2013) was a veteran media person and the former deputy director general of [[Doordarshan]]. She contributed greatly to the use of media in education and was instrumental in introducing its use at premier institutes like Central Institute of Education – NCERT, Indira Gandhi Open University (IGNOU), and the Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting and Development (AIBD) in Kuala Lumpur, among various other institutions.<ref name="the hindu">{{cite news|last=Ninan|first=Sevanti|title=Her career was catalytic|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/her-career-was-catalytic-everything-she-was-assigned-to-was-a-first/article4706900.ece|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Education==
Teacher's Training Diploma, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, 1957; Studied Drama and Radio at Briarcliff College, New York; Bachelor’s of Science majoring in Broadcasting Television, School of Journalism and Communications University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1961; Jai received her master's degree from the School of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, 1966.<ref name="indian television">{{cite web|title=Veteran votary of women's television Jai Chandiram loses battle with cancer|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k13/may/may58.php|publisher=Indian television}}</ref>

==Career==
Jai began her career as a producer in Doordarshan at the age of 24 in 1961, two years after the Television Division of the [[All India Radio]] was started. She worked as a temporary hand who was given charge of setting up India's school television broadcasts.<ref name="the hindu" /> She was one of the first TV professionals who had no radio background.<ref name="the hindu" /> Her main concerns were gender imbalance issues, children's education and distance learning. Since she had no predecessors to learn from at Doordarshan, her career was an inimitable journey in innovation. Doordarshan had a large audience base, and Jai looked at details, both big and small, to ensure that the programs were visually appealing and intellectually stimulating.

<blockquote>Later she would describe the extent of improvisation which was the norm: figuring out the exact 20-minute period when the light coming through the studio window was just right to go through the prism and demonstrate VIBGYOR, and supplementing studio lights for other programming with lights borrowed from her uncle’s car workshop."<ref name="the hindu" /></blockquote>

In the mid 1970s, she worked for the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment in Ahmedabad (SITE), which took television to Indian village schools.

Jai was also a part-time actress off-Broadway and donned several other roles with apparent ease. Several of her admirers were impressed with her "grasp of issues and networking skills".<ref name="business standard">{{cite news|title=Jai Chandiram gets IAWRT Lifetime Achievement Award|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/jai-chandiram-gets-iawrt-lifetime-achievement-award-113042700432_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|date=27 April 2013|access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref>

She was a jury member at NHK (Japan) and the IAWRT Awards.

=== List of positions held ===

Source:<ref name="indian television" />

*President of the International Association of Women in Radio and Television(IAWRT) and founder and Managing Trustee, IAWRT – India Chapter.<ref name="business standard" />
*Head of the television department at the Central Institute of Education of the National Council for Educational Research and Training(NCERT)
*Head of the department of television at the Film and Television Institute, Pune
*Head of the Fortune Institute of Information and Television (FICT)
*Advisor at the [[Delhi International Arts Festival]]
*Media consultant(Television) at the Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting and Development, (AIBD), Kuala Lumpur
*Head of the Educational Media Production Center of Indira Gandhi National Open University (EMPC-IGNOU)
*Executive director, Media, at the Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts (IGNCA)
*Advisor to the Government of [[Andhra Pradesh]] for the cluster of channels focussing on education, named Mana TV
*Director of Doordarshan, Delhi
*Director of Doordarshan, [[Ahmedabad]]
*Director of Doordarshan, Central Production Centre
*Examiner for the Jamia Millia Institute for Mass Communication
*Commonwealth of Learning Consultant and trainer for National Institute of Teachers (NIT) and NOUN, Nigeria
*Worked with [[Ammu Joseph]] to study the training of Sri Lankan journalists, for [[UNESCO]]
*Consultant for the Princess Diana Leprosy Mission Trust
*Media Advisor, DEP-SSA IGNOU

==Other traits==
Jai was a confident and inspiring woman who took bold steps with little regard for repercussions from influential circles. She was given a punitive transfer when she demanded written requests from politicians who requested broadcasts of a personal nature, such as covering the tonsuring ceremonies of their grandchildren.<ref name="the hindu" />

She was deeply concerned about women's rights and was involved with the IAWRT Asian Women's Film Festival which provides a platform for women film-makers to focus on gender issues. She also contributed to under-privileged women with money to buy cameras and learn the art of Film and a Film festival was named after her after she died. Although she used to be very busy with her work she always used to find time for her brother's elder son's daughter Diya Chandiram.

==Awards and Distinctions==
*First Asian president of IAWRT<ref name="business standard" />
*Recipient of the IAWRT Lifetime Achievement Award<ref name="business standard" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandiram, Jai}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Doordarshan]]
[[Category:Indian television executives]]

Boi system

2025-01-04T14:26:23Z

Bpk: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Bawi system]]

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Dargah of Shah Raju

2025-01-01T17:39:44Z

Bpk: Creating New Stub

{{Short description|Sufi shrine in Hyderabad, India}}

[[File:Holy_Shrine(Darga)_of_Hazrat_Shah_Raju_Qattal_Hussaini_ki_"gumbaz"_(tomb).JPG|thumb]]
'''Dargah of Shah Raju''' is the [[Sufi shrine|dargah]] of the Sufi saint Shah Raju in Misrigunj, [[Hyderabad]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=2017-07-15 |title=Dargah of Shah Raju’s dome to be in good shape soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/dargah-of-shah-rajus-dome-to-be-in-good-shape-soon/article19286612.ece |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==
Syed Shah Raju Qattal Hussaini was the spiritual guide of [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]]. The western wing was still under construction when the [[Sultanate of Golconda|Golconda Sultanate]] was conquered by the Mughals.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
It is a three storied building. The dome rises to 165 feet. On all four sides of the building, [[Nastaliq]] inscriptions are seen on wooden panels.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=2019-05-17 |title=Shah Raju Hussaini’s dome saved from meeting its doom |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/shah-raju-hussainis-dome-saved-from-meeting-its-doom/article27166777.ece |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bilgrami |first=Syed Ali Asgar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63136/page/n109/mode/2up |title=Landmarks Of The Deccan |date=1927 |pages=74-76}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India-religious-struct-stub}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Sufi shrines in India]]

Khilanmarg

2023-07-09T12:42:13Z

Bpk: made some pg from scratch

{{Short description|Small valley in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

[[File:Snow in Gulmarg, Kashmir.jpg|thumb|300px|Snow in Khillanmarg]]

'''Khilanmarg''' is a small valley in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India, located about {{convert|6|km}} away from the [[Gulmarg]]. The meadow, carpeted with flowers in the spring, is the site for Gulmarg's winter ski runs and offers a view of the surrounding peaks and over the Kashmir Valley. It's a {{convert|600|metre}} ascent from Gulmarg to Khilanmarg. The view spans from the Himalayas from [[Nanga Parbat]] to the twin {{convert|7,100|metre}} peaks of [[Nun Kun|Nun and Kun]] to the southeast.

==References==
* http://www.gulmarg.org/khilanmarg/

{{coord|34.048|74.385|display=title}}

[[Category:Valleys of Jammu and Kashmir]]

Chhota Bheem And The Crown of Valahalla

2023-03-18T07:45:48Z

Bpk:

#REDIRECT [[Chhota Bheem]]

Mantur

2023-03-13T13:34:04Z

Bpk: refined information after review and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mantur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.3809|N|75.3774|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bagalkot]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Mudhol
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10500
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =KA
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =

}}

''' Mantur ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name="censusindia">Village code= 144300 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com |title=Yahoomaps India : Mantur, Bagalkot, Karnataka |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082545/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/ |archive-date=2008-12-18 }}</ref> It is located in the [[Mudhol]] [[taluk]] of [[Bagalkot district]] in Karnataka.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Mantur had a population of 6297 with 3,174 males and 3,123 females.<ref name="censusindia" />

==See also==
* [[Bagalkot]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://Bagalkot.nic.in/

{{Settlements in Bagalkot district}}

[[Category:Villages in Bagalkot district]]

{{Bagalkot-geo-stub}}

Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)

2022-05-23T14:23:07Z

Bpk: redirected

#REDIRECT [[Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency]]

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Phulbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

2022-05-12T08:00:47Z

Bpk: further correct content after review and cleaned formatting

#REDIRECT [[Phulbari Assembly constituency]]

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