Left Front (Bharat)

2023-09-17T15:31:57Z

Boomra: Wrote an informative guide.

{{Infobox Indian political party|name=Left Front|eci=|abbreviation=LF|party_logo=Cpm election symbol.svg|colorcode={{Party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}|no_states={{Composition bar|3|31|hex={{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}|ideology={{nowrap|[[Communism]]<ref name="OUP_Ideology">{{cite book|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies|author=Chakrabarty, Bidyut|isbn=978-0-1999-7489-4|lccn=2014003207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref> [[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="ramguha">
*{{cite book|title=The Past and Future of the Indian Left: Penguin Petit|author=[[Ramachandra Guha|Guha, Ramachandra]]| isbn=978-9-3511-8310-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfOXAAAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=[[Penguin Random House|Penguin Random House India Private Limited]] }}
*{{cite book|title=Left Radicalism in India|author=Chakrabarty, Bidyut|isbn=978-1-3176-6805-3|series=Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0xWBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}
*{{cite book|title=Marxism in India|author=Maitra, Kiran|isbn=978-8-1743-6951-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9JbBAAAQBAJ|year=2012|publisher=[[Roli Books]] }}</ref>}}|Political position=[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|6|543|hex={{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|7|543|hex={{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
| state_seats ={{Composition bar|116|4036|hex={{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
| state2_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]]
| state2_seats ={{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
}}

The '''Left Front''' is a [[Political alliances|political alliance]] of [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]] political parties in India. It is led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. It has started working with the newly formed [[big tent]] [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]] [[Political alliances|alliance]] in 2023 [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] led by the [[Indian National Congress]] in order to deflect the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] led [[National Democratic Alliance]] in the [[Next Indian general election|2024 Indian general election]] and to form [[secularism|secular]], [[Progressivism|progressive]], [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Liberalism|liberal]] government at the centre. Most of its members are part of this alliance.

== Members ==
=== Active Members ===

{|class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"
|-
! colspan="3" style="width:30px;" |Party
!Political Position
! style="width:30px;" |Leader
! Logo/Flag
! style="width:100px;" |[[Lok Sabha]]
! style="width:100px;" |[[Rajya Sabha]]
! style="width:170px;" |Base
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| '''CPI(M)'''
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
|[[File:S Yechury Agartala.jpg|90px]] [[Sitaram Yechury]]
|[[File:Cpm election symbol.svg|75px]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of recognised political parties in India#National parties|National Party]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|'''CPI'''
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
|[[File:D. RAJA DSC 0637.resized.JPG|90px]][[Doraisamy Raja]]
|[[File:CPI-banner.svg|75px|centre]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|2|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|2|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Manipur]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|'''RSP'''
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|[[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
|[[Manoj Bhattacharya]]
|[[File:RSP-flag.svg|75px|centre]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{dash}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|'''CPI(ML)L'''
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
|[[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
|[[File:Dipankar Bhattacharya in 2021.jpg|90px]]
[[Dipankar Bhattacharya]]
|[[File:CPIML LIBERATION FLAG.png|75px|centre]]
| rowspan="3" |{{dash}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{dash}}
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}};" |
|'''AIFB'''
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
|[[G. Devarajan]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |[[West Bengal]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}; text-align: center;color:black;" |
|'''PWPI'''
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
|
[[Jayant Prabhakar Patil]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}; text-align: center;" |
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Left Front'''
|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|6|543|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
|{{Composition bar|7|245|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}}
|
|-
|}
==Electoral history==
{{Main|Electoral history of the Left Front (India)}}
===General Election===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;border:1px solid black;background-color:#F4F9FF"
|+ Performance of Left Front in Lok Sabha elections
! style="background-color:#99CCFF"|[[Lok Sabha]]
! style="background-color:#99CCFF"|Lok Sabha constituencies
! style="background-color:#99CCFF"|Won
! style="background-color:#99CCFF"|Net Change in seats
|-
| align=left|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]
| 489 || 22 || -

|-
| align=left|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]
| 494 || 33 || {{increase}} 11

|-
| align=left|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]
| 494 || 33 || {{nochange}} 00
|-
| align=left|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]
| 520 || 46 || {{increase}} 13

|-
| align=left|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]
| 518 || 53 || {{increase}} 07

|-
| align=left|[[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]
| 542 || 40 || {{decrease}} 13

|-
| align=left|[[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]
| 529 ( 542* ) || 54 || {{increase}} 14

|-
| align=left|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]
| 541 || 36 || {{decrease}} 18

|-
| align=left|[[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]
| 529 || 54 || {{increase}} 18

|-
| align=left|[[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]
| 534 || 57 || {{increase}} 03

|-
| align=left|[[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]
| 543 || 52 || {{decrease}} 05

|-
| align=left|[[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]
| 543 || 49 || {{decrease}} 03

|-
| align=left|[[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]
| 543 || 40 || {{decrease}} 09

|-
| align=left|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]
| 543 || 59 || {{increase}} 19

|-
| align=left|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]
| 543 || 24 || {{decrease}} 35
|-
| align=left|[[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]
| 543 || 12 || {{decrease}} 12
|-
| align=left|[[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]
| 543 || 6 || {{decrease}} 6
|-
|}
*It only include CPI(M), CPI, RSP, AIFB

*12 seats in Assam and 1 in Meghalaya did not vote.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/ | title=Seventh Lok Sabha elections (1980) | work=Indian Express | date=March 14, 2014 | agency=Indian Express | accessdate=October 18, 2014}}</ref>

== List of chief ministers ==
;Key
*{{legend inline|1 = #faecc8|text = {{asterisk}}}} – Incumbent chief minister

{| class="plainrowheaders wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- align=center
!scope=col | State
!scope=col | Name
!scope=col | Portrait
!scope=col | Term(s)
!scope=col | Tenure(s){{efn|Sources:{{ubl|Kerala: Official website of Kerala Legislature<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_5.htm|title=Chief Ministers|website=Kerala Legislature|access-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131008/http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_5.htm|archive-date=8 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>|West Bengal: Official website of West Bengal Legislative Assembly<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiChMin.html|title=Premiers and Chief Ministers of West Bengal|website=West Bengal Legislative Assembly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312211800/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiChMin.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=24 August 2018}} Note: The website link may not work as it has few glitches; only the archive link works. Also, the source has few errors regarding the tenure of Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee; the correct dates are provided in the "Origin and Growth" section of the given website.</ref>|Tripura: Legislative Bodies in India (an Indian government website) page on Tripura Legislative Assembly<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/tripura.html|title=Tripura Legislative Assembly|website=Legislative Bodies in India|access-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084001/https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/tripura.html|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and a news article for the date of end of Manik Sarkar's term.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/biplab-kumar-deb-takes-oath-as-tripura-cm/article22992682.ece|title=Biplab Kumar Deb takes oath as Tripura CM|access-date=8 August 2019|website=[[Business Line]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809004415/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/biplab-kumar-deb-takes-oath-as-tripura-cm/article22992682.ece|archive-date=9 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}}}}
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" |[[Kerala]]
!scope=row|{{sortname|E. M. S.|Namboodiripad}}
|[[File:E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg|100px|alt=A portrait of E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]
|3{{efn|Namboodiripad has served two terms as a chief minister; the first in 1957 as a CPI leader and second in 1967 as a CPI(M) leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1507/15070040.htm|title=Farewell to EMS|website=Frontline|first=R.|last=Krishnakumar|location=Thiruvananthapuram|volume=15|issue=7|access-date=11 August 2019|date=4 April 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010612/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1507/15070040.htm|archive-date=6 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1957|4|5}}-{{dts|format=dmy|1959|7|31}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1957|4|5|1959|7|31}})}}{{dts|format=dmy|1967|3|6}}-{{dts|format=dmy|1969|11|1}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1967|3|6|1969|11|1}})}}
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|C. Achutha|Menon}}
!
|2
|
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|P. K. Vasudevan|Nair}}
!
!1
|
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|E. K.|Nayanar}}
|[[File:Ek_nayanar.jpeg|100px|A photograph of E.K. Nayanar]]
|3
|{{dts|format=dmy|1980|1|25}}–{{dts|format=dmy|1981|10|20}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1980|1|25|1981|10|20}} )}} {{dts|format=dmy|1987|3|26}} – {{dts|format=dmy|1991|6|17}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1987|3|26|1991|6|17}})}} {{dts|format=dmy|1996|5|20}} – {{dts|format=dmy|2001|5|13}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1996|5|20|2001|5|13}})}}
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|V. S.|Achuthanandan}}
|[[File:Vs_achutanandann.jpg|100px|A photograph of V.S. Achutanandan]]
|1
|{{dts|format=dmy|2006|5|18}} – {{dts|format=dmy|2011|5|14}} {{small|({{age in years and days|2006|5|18|2011|5|14}})}}
|-
!scope=row style="background:#faecc8;text-align:center;" |{{sortname|Pinarayi|Vijayan}}*
|[[File:Pinarayi_Vijayan_1.jpg|100px]]
|2
|{{dts|format=dmy|2016|5|25}} – ''Incumbent''
{{small|({{age in years and days|2016|5|25}})}}
|-
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Tripura]]
!scope=row|{{sortname|Nripen|Chakraborty}}
|[[File:Nripen_Chakraborty.jpg|100px]]
|2
|{{dts|format=dmy|1978|1|5}} – {{dts|format=dmy|1988|2|5}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1978|1|5|1988|2|5}})}}
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|Dasarath|Deb}}
|[[File:Dasarath_Deb1946.jpg|100px]]
|1
|{{dts|format=dmy|1993|4|10}} – {{dts|format=dmy|1998|3|11}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1993|4|10|1998|3|11}})}}
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|Manik|Sarkar}}
|[[File:Manik_Sarkar.jpg|100px|alt=A photograph of Manik Sarkar]]
|4
|{{dts|format=dmy|1998|3|11}} – {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|9}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1998|3|11|2018|3|9}})}}
|-
!scope=row rowspan=2|[[West Bengal]]
!scope=row|{{sortname|Jyoti|Basu}}
|[[File:Jyoti_Basu_-_Calcutta_1996-12-21_089_Cropped.png|100px|alt=A portrait of Jyoti Basu]]
|5
|{{dts|format=dmy|1977|6|21}} – {{dts|format=dmy|2000|11|5}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1977|6|21|2000|11|5}})}}
|-
!scope=row|{{sortname|Buddhadeb|Bhattacharjee}}
|[[File:Buddhadev Bhattacharjee.jpg|100px|alt=A portrait of Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
|3
|{{dts|format=dmy|2000|11|6}} – {{dts|format=dmy|2011|5|13}} {{small|({{age in years and days|2000|11|6|2011|5|13}})}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Political party alliances]]
[[Category:Left-wing political party alliances]]
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}

Vithya Ramraj

2023-09-15T20:23:26Z

Boomra: Drafted an original article.

'''Vithya Ramraj''' (born 20 September 1998) is an Indian athlete from [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. She is a three-time National champion. She competes in 100m and 400m hurdles and 400 metres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vithya RAMRAJ {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/ramraj-vithya-14776046 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref> On 11 September 2023, she clocked a blistering 55.43 seconds in the 400-metre hurdles at the Athletics Grand Prix in Chandigarh coming 0.01 sec close to [[P. T. Usha|PT Usha]]'s record in 400m hurdles set at the [[1984 Summer Olympics|Los Angeles Olympics]] in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vithya Ramraj comes within 0.01 seconds of matching PT Usha record in 400m hurdles |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/vithya-ramraj-comes-within-0-01-seconds-of-matching-pt-usha-record-in-400m-hurdles-8935525/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vithya Ramraj Misses Out on Breaking PT Usha's Record By One Hundredth Of A Second {{!}} Athletics News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/athletics/vithya-ramraj-misses-out-on-breaking-pt-ushas-record-by-one-hundredth-of-a-second-4379759 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halder |first=Aditya K |title=Indian Grand Prix 5 Chandigarh Highlights, Day 2: Vithya Ramraj misses out on PT Usha record by whisker! |url=https://www.mykhel.com/more-sports/indian-grand-prix-5-chandigarh-live-updates-day-2-232573.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.mykhel.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Vithya hails from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Her father is a truck driver and her Meena is a home maker.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grewal |first=Indervir |title=Indian Grand Prix-5: Twin sisters fulfilling mother’s dream |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/indian-grand-prix-5-twin-sisters-fulfilling-mothers-dream-543223 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> Her identical twin Nithya is also an athlete. Vithya works with [[Indian Railways]]. The girls started playing hockey and her mother joined them in the Erode Girls Sports School for Class 7.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selvaraj |first=Jonathan |title=.01 seconds shy of Usha’s 39-year-old record, Vithya Ramraj looks to hurdle into record books |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/athletics/vithya-ramraj-400m-hurdles-pt-usha-national-record-timing-1984-olympics-indian-grand-prix/article67297929.ece |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> Later they shifted to athletics

== Athletics career ==
Till 2017 Vithys also ran 100m and 200m sprint events but later on started focusing on 400m hurdles. But she and her coach decided that she will do both 400m and 400m hurdles and she is also continuing with both 100m events. The tournaments she took part in 20023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vithya RAMRAJ {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/ramraj-vithya-14776046 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref> are:

* 15-17 May 2023: 100m and 100m hurdles - [[Birsa Munda Football Stadium|Birsa Munda Foot Ball Stadium]], Morabadi, Ranchi (IND);

* 17 June 2023: {{nowrap|4 × 100 m}} relay - Indian Championships, [[Kalinga Stadium]], Bhubaneshwar (IND);

* 13 July 2023: 100m hurdles - [[Asian Athletics Championships]], [[Supachalasai National Stadium]], Bangkok (THA);

* 30 July 2023: {{nowrap|4 × 400 m}} relay, {{nowrap|4 × 400 m}} mixed relay - Mahinda Rajapaksha Stadium, Diyagama (SRI)

* 10, 11 September 2023: 400m, 400m hurdles - Indian Grand Prix 5, Chandigarh (IND).

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==
* [https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-grand-prix-5-athletics-2023-day-2-india-result-scores Olympics.com]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramraj, Vithya}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female hurdlers]]
[[Category:Athletes from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Tamil Nadu]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Left Front (Bharat)

Vithya Ramraj