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Hyderabad

2023-10-11T19:01:19Z

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{{Short description|Capital of Telangana, India}}

{{for-multi|the Pakistani city|Hyderabad, Sindh|other uses}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hyderabad
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]] 
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Charminar sumeet photography 3.JPG {{!}} The Charminar during the Ramzan night bazaar
| image2 = Birla Mandir in Hyderabad.jpg {{!}} Birla Mandir
| image3 = Qutb Shahi Tomb 5.jpg {{!}} Qutb Shahi tombs
| image4 = High Rise buildings in Madhapur from Golkonda hill.jpg {{!}} High Rise buildings in Madhapur from Golkonda hill
| image5 = The Giant Buddha Statue, Lumbini Park, Hyderabad.jpg {{!}} Buddha Statue
| image6 = Falaknuma Palace 01.jpg {{!}} Falaknuma Palace }}
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top''': [[Charminar]] during Ramzan night bazaar, [[Qutb Shahi tombs]], [[Buddha Statue of Hyderabad|Buddha Statue]] at [[Hussain Sagar]], [[Falaknuma Palace]], skyline at [[Gachibowli]] and [[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad|Birla Mandir]].
| other_name =
| blank_emblem_type = Logo of the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]
| blank_emblem_size = 100px
| blank_emblem_alt =
| image_blank_emblem = GHMC Logo 1.jpg
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=Q1361|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining Hyderabad}}
| pushpin_map_alt = A map showing location of Hyderabad in Telangana, India.
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana##Location in India##Location in Asia##Location in Earth
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|17|23|06.0|N|78|29|12.1|E|type:city()_region:IN-TG|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|Districts]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{Plain list|
*[[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]]
*[[Medchal-Malkajgiri district|Medchal–Malkajgiri]]
*[[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]]
*[[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]]
}}
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{Start date and age|1591}}
| founder = [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]], [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]]
| total_type = [[City proper|City]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 650
| area_metro_km2 = 7,257
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 524
| population_total = 6,809,970 ([[List of cities in India by population|4th]])
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="greater Hyderabad" />
| population_density_km2 = 10477
| population_est = 9,482,000
| pop_est_as_of = 2018
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Cities in 2018 |url=https://www.un.org/en/events/citiesday/assets/pdf/the_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf |work=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]] |year=2018 |access-date=11 July 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315074343/https://www.un.org/en/events/citiesday/assets/pdf/the_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2021}}</ref>
| population_urban = 7,749,334 ([[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|6th]])
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="2011UA" />
| population_metro = 9.7 million ([[List of metropolitan areas in India|6th]])
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="metropop">{{cite news |title=Time to put metropolitan planning committee in place |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Time-to-put-metropolitan-planning-committee-in-place/articleshow/39138115.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 March 2016 |date=28 July 2014 |location=Hyderabad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314172214/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Time-to-put-metropolitan-planning-committee-in-place/articleshow/39138115.cms |archive-date=14 March 2021}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Hyderabadi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN(s)]]
| postal_code = 500xxx, 501xxx, 502xxx
| area_codes = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91–40, 8413, 8414, 8415, 8417, 8418, 8453, 8455]]
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India|TS-07 to TS-15]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP]] ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])
| blank_info_sec1 =
| leader_party = [[Telangana Rashtra Samiti|TRS]]
| leader_title = [[Parliament of India]]
| leader_name = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] ([[AIMIM]]) [[G. Kishan Reddy]]([[BJP]]) [[Revanth Reddy]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]]) [[G. Ranjith Reddy]] ([[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|TRS]])
| leader_title2 = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|Mayor]]
| leader_name2 = [[Gadwal Vijayalakshmi]]
| blank2_name = {{nowrap|Official languages}}
| blank2_info = {{hlist|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|[[Urdu language|Urdu]]}}
| website = {{URL|www.ghmc.gov.in}}
| official_name =
| blank_name_sec2 = [[International Airport]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]](HYD)
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Rapid Transit]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Hyderabad Metro]]
}}

'''Hyderabad''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|ər|ə|b|æ|d|audio=Hyderabad.ogg}} {{respell|HY|dər|ə|bad}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Hyderabad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516065002/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Hyderabad |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2021 |title=Hyderabad |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPA-te|ˈɦaɪ̯daraːbaːd|lang}}, {{IPA-ur|ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd|lang}}) is the capital and largest city of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It occupies {{cvt|650|km2|sqmi}} on the [[Deccan Plateau]] along the banks of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]], in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of {{cvt|542|m|ft}}, much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around [[Hyderabad city lakes|artificial lakes]], including the [[Hussain Sagar]] lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Hyderabad is the [[List of cities in India by population|fourth-most populous city in India]] with a population of {{nowrap|6.9 million}} residents within the city limits, and has a population of {{nowrap|9.7 million}} residents in the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Region|metropolitan region]], making it the [[List of metropolitan areas in India|sixth-most populous metropolitan area]] in India. With an output of {{US$}}74 billion, Hyderabad has the fifth-largest urban economy in India.

The Qutb Shahi dynasty's [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the [[Golconda Fort|fortified Golconda]]. In 1687, [[Siege of Golconda|the city was annexed]] by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. In 1724, [[Asaf Jah I]], the [[Viceroy of the Deccan|Mughal viceroy]], declared his sovereignty and founded the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]], also known as the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]]. Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi's from 1769 to 1948. As capital of the [[princely state|princely state of Hyderabad]], the city housed the [[British Residency, Hyderabad|British Residency]] and [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board|cantonment]] until [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]] in 1947. [[Annexation of Hyderabad|Hyderabad was annexed]] by the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] in 1948 and continued as a capital of [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]] from 1948 to 1956. After [[Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956|the introduction]] of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganisation Act of 1956]], Hyderabad was made the capital of the [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|newly formed Andhra Pradesh]]. In 2014, [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|Andhra Pradesh was split]] to form the state of Telangana, and Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states with a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2024. Since 1956, the city has housed the [[Rashtrapati Nilayam]], the winter office of the [[president of India]].

Relics of the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras remain visible today; the [[Charminar]] has come to symbolise the city. By the end of the early modern era, the Mughal Empire had declined in the Deccan, and the Nizam's patronage attracted men of letters from various parts of the world. [[Culture of Hyderabad|A distinctive culture]] arose from the amalgamation of local and migrated artisans, with [[Deccan painting|Painting]], [[Bidriware|handicraft]], [[Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad|jewellery]], [[Deccani Masnavi|literature]], [[Deccani language|dialect]] and [[Clothing of Hyderabad, India|clothing]] are prominent still today. Through [[Hyderabadi cuisine|its cuisine]], the city is listed as a [[City of Gastronomy|creative city of gastronomy]] by [[UNESCO]]. The [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film industry]] based in the city is the highest-grossing film industry in India {{as of|2021|lc=on}}.

Until the {{nowrap|19th century}} Hyderabad was known for the [[Hyderabad pearl|pearl industry]] and was nicknamed the "City of Pearls", and was the only trading centre for [[Golconda diamonds]] in the world. Many of the city's historical and traditional [[bazaar]]s remain open. Hyderabad's central location between the [[Deccan Plateau]] and the [[Western Ghats]], and industrialisation throughout the {{nowrap|20th century}} attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. Since the 1990s, the city has emerged as an [[Genome Valley|Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology]] and information technology. The formation of the [[special economic zone]]s of [[Hardware Park, Hyderabad|Hardware Park]] and [[HITEC City]], dedicated to information technology, has encouraged leading multinationals to set up operations in Hyderabad.

{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of Hyderabad}}
=== Toponymy ===


The name ''Hyderabad'' means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from ''[[haydar]]'' 'lion' and ''[[-abad|ābād]]'' 'city', after [[Caliph]] [[Ali Ibn Abi Talib]], also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battle.<ref name="Everett-Heath2005">{{cite book |title=Concise dictionary of world place names |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=223 |isbn=978-0-19-860537-9 |last=Everett-Heath |first=John |year=2005}}</ref>

The city was originally called ''Baghnagar'' ("city of gardens"<ref name="AnPet">{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Islamic architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr/page/112 112] |isbn=978-0-415-06084-4 |last=Petersen |first=Andrew |year=1996 |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref>), and later acquired the name ''Hyderabad''.<ref name="AnPet"/><ref name="Holister">{{cite book |title=The Shia of India |url=https://insideismailism.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/shia-of-india-1953-john-norman-hollister_txt.pdf |publisher=Luzac and company limited |last=Holister |first=John Norman |pages=120–125 |year=1953 |access-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010135146/https://insideismailism.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/shia-of-india-1953-john-norman-hollister_txt.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The European travelers [[Heinrich von Poser|von Poser]] and [[Jean de Thévenot|Thévenot]] found both names in use in the 17th century.<ref name="Lach&Kley">{{cite book |title=Asia in the Making of Europe |volume=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPiumz4vx0C |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |page=? |isbn=978-0-226-46768-9 |last1=Lach |first1=Donald F |last2=Kley |first2=Edwin J. Van |year=1993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303193015/https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPiumz4vx0C& |archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="TH-Hyd name">{{cite news |title=The city of love: Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-city-of-love-Hyderabad/article15474440.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=7 October 2016 |access-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207155308/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-city-of-love-Hyderabad/article15474440.ece |archive-date=7 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="McCann(1994)">{{cite book |title=Rights at work: pay equity reform and the politics of legal mobilization |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-55571-3 |last=McCann |first=Michael W. |year=1994}}</ref>{{rp|6}}

One popular legend suggests that the founder of the city, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], named it ''Bhagya-nagar'' ("fortunate city"<ref name=Bernier>{{Cite book |first=Francois |last=Bernier |title=Travels in the Mogul Empire, 1656 - 1668 |publisher=Archibald Constable |year=1891 |edition=1st |location=London |page=19 |url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinmogulem00bernuoft/page/18/mode/2up}}</ref>) after [[Bhagmati]], a local [[nautch]] (dancing) girl whom he married. She converted to [[Islam]] and adopted the title ''Hyder Mahal''. The city would have been named ''Hyderabad'' in her honour.<ref name="McCann(1994)"/>{{rp|6}}<ref name="Hyderabad_and_Bhagmati">{{cite book |title=The march of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5AhAQAAMAAJ |access-date=7 January 2013 |year=1959 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Informations and Broadcasting, Government of India |page=89 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103024703/http://books.google.com/books?id=d5AhAQAAMAAJ |archive-date=3 January 2014}}
* {{cite book |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=14–15 |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |last=Khan |first=Masud Ḥusain |year=1996}}
* {{cite book |title=With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in south India |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=6 |isbn=978-0-226-70755-6 |last=Reddy |first=Gayatri |year=2005}}
* {{cite book |title=The colors of violence: cultural identities, religion, and conflict |url=https://archive.org/details/colorsofviolence00kaka |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/colorsofviolence00kaka/page/23 23] |isbn=978-0-226-42284-8 |last=Kakar |first=Sudhir |year=1996}}</ref>

=== Early and medieval history ===
{| role="Historical affiliations" class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
| Historical affiliations
|-
|
*{{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda Sultanate]] 1518–1687
:(inception of Hyderabad city in 1591)
*{{flagicon image|Captured flag of the Mughal Empire (1857).png}} [[Mughal Empire]] 1687-1724
*{{flagicon image|Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg}} [[Nizam State]] 1724-1948
*{{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]] 1948–1956
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Andhra Pradesh.svg}} [[Andhra Pradesh]] 1956–2014
*{{flagicon image|Telangana flag.svg}} [[Telangana]] 2014-Till date
|}
The discovery of [[Megalithic]] burial sites and [[Hasmathpet cairns|cairn circles]] in the [[suburb]]s of Hyderabad, in 1851 by [[Philip Meadows Taylor]], a [[polymath]] in the service of the Nizam, had provided evidence that the region in which the city stands has been inhabited from the [[South Asian Stone Age|Stone Age]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Prehistoric and megalithic cairns vanish from capital's landscape|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/prehistoric-and-megalithic-cairns-vanish-from-capitals-landscape/articleshow/59696497.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 July 2017|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="yimene">{{cite book |title=An African Indian community in Hyderabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DigPvwHTqJ4C|last=Yimene |first=Ababu Minda |year=2004|publisher=Cuvillier Verlag |page=2|isbn=978-3-86537-206-2|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> In 2008, Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed [[Iron Age]] sites that may date from 500 [[BCE]].<ref name="Hyd_BC">{{cite news |title=Iron Age burial site discovered |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/10/stories/2008091058090100.htm |last=Venkateshwarlu |first=K. |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 September 2008 |access-date=7 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234947/http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/10/stories/2008091058090100.htm |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was ruled by the [[Chalukya dynasty]] from 624 [[Common Era|CE]] to 1075 CE.<ref name="kolluru">{{cite book |title=Inscriptions of the minor Chalukya dynasties of Andhra Pradesh |publisher=Mittal Publications |page=1 |isbn=978-81-7099-216-5 |last=Kolluru |first=Suryanarayana |year=1993}}</ref> Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golconda—now part of Hyderabad—came under the control of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] from 1158, whose seat of power was at [[Warangal]]—{{cvt|148|km|mi|0}} northeast of modern Hyderabad.<ref name="Golctime">{{harvtxt|Sardar, Golconda through Time|2007|pp=19–41}}</ref> The Kakatiya ruler [[Ganapatideva]] 1199–1262 built a [[Hilltop castle|hilltop]] [[Outpost (military)|outpost]]—later known as [[Golconda Fort]]—to defend their western region.<ref name="yimene"/>

The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the [[Khalji dynasty]] in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan [[Alauddin Khalji]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. This lasted until 1321, when the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by [[Malik Kafur]], Allaudin Khalji's general.<ref name="medival India">{{cite book |title=Historical dictionary of medieval India |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |pages=85 and 141 |isbn=978-0-8108-5503-8 |last=Khan |first=Iqtidar Alam |year=2008}}</ref> During this period, Alauddin Khalji took the ''[[Koh-i-Noor]]'' diamond, which is said to have been mined from the [[Kollur Mine]]s of Golconda, to Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heritage Golconda diamond up for auction at Sotheby's |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-29/hyderabad/31109972_1_heritage-golconda-type-iia-golconda-diamond |last=Ghose |first=Archana Khare |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=1 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510184349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-29/hyderabad/31109972_1_heritage-golconda-type-iia-golconda-diamond |archive-date=10 May 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]], [[Malik Maqbul Tilangani]] was appointed its governor. In 1336 the regional chieftains [[Musunuri Nayakas]]—who revolted against the Delhi sultanate in 1333—took Warangal under their direct control and declared it as their capital.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Delhi Sultanate |chapter=Muhammad Bin Tughluq |pages=61–89 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |year=1967 |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |access-date= 5 March 2020}}</ref> In 1347 when [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah]], a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan Plateau]], with [[Gulbarga]]—{{cvt|200|km|mi|0}} west of Hyderabad—as its capital, both the neighboring rulers Musunuri Nayakas of Warangal and Bahmani Sultans of Gulbarga engaged in many wars until 1364–65 when a peace treaty was signed and the Musunuri Nayakas ceded Golconda Fort to the Bahmani Sultan. The Bahmani Sultans ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.{{sfn|Prasad, History of the Andhras|1988|p=172}}{{sfn|Sardar, Golconda through Time|2007|p=20}}<ref name="Mainak">{{cite book|title=Perception, Design and Ecology of the Built Environment: A Focus on the Global South|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyTMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA504|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]|page=504|isbn=9783030258795|last=Ghosh|first=Mainak|year=2020|access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Govardhan II, Visit of sufi-singer Shir Muhammad to Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, ca. 1720, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.jpg|thumb|right|A 17th century [[Deccani painting|Deccani School]] miniature of [[Qutb Shahi]] ruler [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] with Sufi singers in the ''[[Mehfil]]''-("gathering to entertain or praise someone").|alt=A deccani style of painting of the last Qutb Shahi ruler Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]]

In 1496 [[Quli Qutb Mulk|Sultan Quli]] was appointed as a Bahmani governor of Telangana, he rebuilt, expanded and [[Fortification|fortified]] the old mud-fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad nagar". In 1518, he revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]].<ref name="Golctime" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad through the ages |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/05/28/stories/2002052800050300.htm |last=Nayeem |first=M.A |newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 May 2002 |access-date=18 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604122609/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/05/28/stories/2002052800050300.htm |archive-date=4 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Golconda |url=http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/index/map_e.htm |last=Matsuo |first=Ara |publisher=[[University of Tokyo]] |date=22 November 2005 |access-date=18 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613080243/http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/index/map_e.htm |archive-date=13 June 2013}}</ref> The fifth Qutb Shahi sultan, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591,<ref name="James">{{cite book |title=Historical dictionary of the British empire |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |page=544 |isbn=978-0-313-27917-1 |last1=Olson |first1=James Stuart |last2=Shadle |first2=Robert |year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |title=Opinion A Hyderabadi conundrum |date=15 November 2018 |access-date=15 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115151348/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |archive-date=15 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> to avoid water shortages experienced at Golconda.<ref>{{cite book |title=Developments in administration under H.E.H. the Nizam VII |publisher=Osmania University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWYeAAAAMAAJ |page=243 |year=1984|editor1-first=Shamim|editor1-last=Aleem|editor2-last=Aleem|editor2-first=M. Aabdul |access-date=15 June 2012 |archive-date=16 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216141226/https://books.google.com/books?id=nWYeAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> During his rule, he had the [[Charminar]] and [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]] built in the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of India |publisher=Smriti Books |page=61 |isbn=978-81-87967-71-2 |last=Bansal |first=Sunita Pant |year=2005}}</ref> On 21 September 1687, the Golconda Sultanate came under the rule of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] after a [[Siege of Golconda|year-long siege]] of the Golconda Fort.<ref name="Richards1">{{cite journal |title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707 |first=J. F. |last=Richards |year=1975 |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |pages=241–260 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996 |volume=9 |issue=2|s2cid=142989123 }}</ref><ref name="Waldemar Hansen">{{cite book |title=The Peacock throne: the drama of Mogul India |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |pages=168 and 471 |isbn=978-81-208-0225-4 |last=Hansen |first=Waldemar |year=1972}}</ref> The annexed city "Hyderabad" was renamed ''Darul Jihad'' (House of War),<ref name="TH&Journal">{{cite news |title=Living Hyderabad: drum house on the hillock |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/living-hyderabad-drum-house-on-the-hillock/article21571851.ece |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 December 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226211248/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/living-hyderabad-drum-house-on-the-hillock/article21571851.ece |archive-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> whereas the main territories of the Golconda Sultanate were incorporated into the Mughal empire as the province [[Hyderabad Subah]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Richards |first=J. F. |date=1975 |title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687-1707 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/311962 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=241–260 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996 |jstor=311962 |s2cid=142989123 |issn=0026-749X}}</ref> Mughal rule in Hyderabad was administered by three main governors: Jan Sipar Khan (1688–1700), his son Rustam Dil Khan (1700–13) and [[Mubariz Khan]] (1713–24).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/268771115 |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |pages=210 |oclc=268771115}}</ref>

=== Modern history ===
In 1713, Mughal emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]] appointed [[Mubariz Khan]] as Governor of Hyderabad. During his tenure, he [[City Wall of Hyderabad|fortified the city]] and controlled the internal and neighbouring threats.<ref name="Richards">{{cite book |title=The Mughal Empire, Part 1 |volume=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC |pages=279–281 |last=Richards |first=John.F. |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1993 |isbn=9780521566032 |access-date=29 June 2021 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529043831/https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1714 [[Farrukhsiyar]] appointed [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Asaf Jah I]] as [[Viceroy of the Deccan]]—(administrator of six Mughal governorates) with the title ''Nizam-ul-Mulk'' (Administrator of the Realm). In 1721, he was appointed as Prime Minister of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name="Mehta&Roy">{{cite book |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707–1813 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |page=143 |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |year=2005}}
* {{cite book |title=Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |page=95 |isbn=978-0-231-80042-6 |last=Roy |first=Olivier |year=2011}}</ref> His differences with the court nobles led him to resign from all the imperial responsibilities in 1723 and leave for Deccan.<ref name="Mehta">{{cite book |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707–1813 |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |page=143 |year=2005 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6}}</ref><ref name="Roy">{{cite book |title=Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways |last=Roy |first=Olivier |page=95 |year=2011 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-80042-6}}</ref> Under the influence of Asaf Jah I's opponents, Mughal Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] issued a decree to [[Mubariz Khan]], to stop Asaf Jah I which resulted in the [[Battle of Shakar Kheda]].<ref name="Mehta"/>{{rp|93–94}} In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the ''[[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]'', named the region ''[[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad Deccan]]'', and started what came to be known as the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]. Subsequent rulers retained the title ''Nizam ul-Mulk'' and were referred to as Asaf Jahi Nizams, or [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]].<ref name="Richards" /><ref name="columbia&TOI">{{cite book |last=Ikram |first=S. M. |title=Muslim civilization in India |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |year=1964 |isbn=978-0-231-02580-5 |editor-last=Embree |editor-first=Ainslie T |editor-link=Ainslie Embree |chapter=A century of political decline: 1707–1803 |author-link=S. M. Ikram |access-date=8 October 2011 |chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306002641/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |last=Rao |first=Sushil |date=11 December 2009 |title=Testing time again for the pearl of Deccan |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Testing-time-again-for-the-Pearl-of-Deccan/articleshow/5324913.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910232115/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Testing-time-again-for-the-Pearl-of-Deccan/articleshow/5324913.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> The death of Asaf Jah I in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons and grandson—[[Nasir Jung]] (1748–1750), [[Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat|Muzaffar Jang]] (1750–1751) and [[Salabat Jung]] (1751–1762)—contended for the throne backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. The accession of [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]], who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the [[Treaty of Masulipatam]]—by which the [[East India Company]] in return for a fixed annual rent, got the right to control and collect the taxes at [[Coromandel Coast]].<ref name="Reg Sal Geo">{{cite book |title=Nizam-British relations, 1724–1857 |publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=130–150 |isbn=978-81-7022-195-1 |last=Regani |first=Sarojini |year=1988}}
* {{cite book |title=A comprehensive history of medieval India |publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |page=346 |isbn=978-81-317-3202-1 |last=Farooqui |first=Salma Ahmed |year=2011}}
* {{cite book |title=An historical sketch of the native states of India in subsidiary alliance with the British government |publisher=Asian Education Services |pages=280–292 |isbn=978-81-206-1971-5 |last=Malleson |first=George Bruce |year=2005}}
* {{cite book |title=The annals of Indian administration, Volume 14 |publisher=BiblioBazaar |page=467 |isbn=978-1-145-42314-5 |last=Townsend |first=Meredith |year=2010}}</ref>

In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Asaf Jahi Nizams.<ref name="Richards" /><ref name="columbia&TOI" /> In response to regular threats from [[Hyder Ali]] (Dalwai of [[Mysore]]), [[Baji Rao I]] ([[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by [[French India|French]] General the [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]]), the Nizam signed a [[subsidiary alliance]] with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the [[British Indian Army]] to be stationed at [[Bolarum]] (modern [[Secunderabad]]) to protect the state's capital, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.<ref name="Reg Sal Geo" />

Until 1874 there were no modern industries in Hyderabad. With the introduction of railways in the 1880s, four factories were built to the south and east of [[Hussain Sagar]] lake,<ref>{{cite web |title=The mills, Hyderabad. |url=https://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92037/_http___www_bl_uk_onlinegallery_onlineex_apac_photocoll_t_zoomify62268_html.html?start=6&query= |year=2013 |publisher=[[Europeana]] |last=Dayal |first=Deen |access-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92037/_http___www_bl_uk_onlinegallery_onlineex_apac_photocoll_t_zoomify62268_html.html?start=6&query= |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> and during the early 20th century, Hyderabad was transformed into a modern city with the establishment of transport services, underground drainage, running water, [[Hussain Sagar Thermal Power Station|electricity]], telecommunications, universities, industries, and [[Begumpet Airport]]. The [[Nizams]] ruled the [[princely state]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Richards" /><ref name="columbia&TOI" />

==== Post-Independence ====
[[File:Hyderabad mills.jpg|thumb|A mill with a canal connecting to Hussain Sagar lake. Following the introduction of railways in the 1880s, factories were built around the lake.|alt=Sepia photograph of buildings around the water canal]]
After India [[Indian independence movement|gained independence]], the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] or newly formed [[Dominion of Pakistan]].<ref name="Reg Sal Geo" /> The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Communist Party of India]], began agitating against [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Nizam VII]] in 1948. On 17 September that year, the [[Indian Army]] took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed [[Annexation of Hyderabad|Operation Polo]]. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an [[Instrument of Accession]], which made him the ''[[Rajpramukh]]'' (Princely Governor) of the state until it was abolished on 31 October 1956.<ref name="columbia&TOI" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Momentous day for lovers of freedom, democracy |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091706840400.htm |last=Venkateshwarlu |first=K |date=17 September 2004 |access-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817055717/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091706840400.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=17 August 2012}}</ref>

Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the [[Telangana Rebellion|Telangana uprising]] against the [[Indian feudalism|feudal]] lords of the [[Telangana region]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Affirming life and diversity |publisher=Pragati Offset |pages=1–10 |isbn=978-1-84369-674-2 |last1=Sathees |first1=P.V. |last2=Pimbert |first2=Michel |last3=The DDS Community Media Trust |year=2008}}</ref> The [[Constitution of India]], which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the [[States Reorganisation Act#Three types of states|part B states]] of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital.<ref>{{cite news |title=Demand for states along linguistic lines gained momentum in the '50s |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Demand-for-states-along-linguistic-lines-gained-momentum-in-the-50s/articleshow/7250365.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 January 2011 |access-date=31 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910201915/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Demand-for-states-along-linguistic-lines-gained-momentum-in-the-50s/articleshow/7250365.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> In his 1955 report ''Thoughts on Linguistic States'', [[B. R. Ambedkar]], then chairman of the [[Constitution of India#Drafting|Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution]], proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the [[second capital]] of India because of its amenities and strategic central location.<ref name="Mahesh Ambedkar">{{cite book |title=The Architect of Modern India Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books |pages=132–133 |isbn=978-81-288-0954-5 |last=Ambedkar |first=Mahesh |year=2005}}</ref>

On 1 November 1956 the states of India [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|were reorganised]] by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]]. The nine [[Telugu language|Telugu]]- and [[Urdu]]-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking [[Andhra State]] to create Andhra Pradesh,<ref>{{cite book |title=Multi-sited ethnography: theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=165–166 |isbn=978-0-7546-9144-0 |last=Falzon |first=Mark-Anthony |year=2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Police in India |publisher=Atlantic Publishers |page=142 |isbn=978-81-7156-628-0 |last=Chande |first=M.B |year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Living together, separately |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/living-together-separately/article4358004.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |date=30 January 2013 |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053616/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/living-together-separately/article4358004.ece |archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the [[Telangana movement]], attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=How Telangana movement has sparked political turf war in Andhra |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-telangana-movement-has-sparked-political-turf-war-in-andhra/20111005.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=5 October 2011 |access-date=19 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123122405/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-telangana-movement-has-sparked-political-turf-war-in-andhra/20111005.htm |archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref> The city suffered several explosions: one at [[Dilsukhnagar]] in 2002 claimed two lives;<ref>{{cite news |title=Timeline:history of blasts in Hyderabad |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/timeline-history-of-blasts-in-hyderabad-635152.html |newspaper=[[First Post (India)]] |date=22 February 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225025636/http://www.firstpost.com/india/timeline-history-of-blasts-in-hyderabad-635152.html |archive-date=25 February 2013}}</ref> terrorist bombs in [[Mecca Masjid blast|May]] and [[August 2007 Hyderabad bombings|August]] 2007 caused [[Religious violence in India|communal tension and riots]];<ref>{{cite news |title=At least 13 killed in bombing, riots at mosque in India |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/at-least-13-killed-in-bombing-riots-at-mosque-in-india-1.646677 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=18 May 2007 |access-date=21 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923074108/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/at-least-13-killed-in-bombing-riots-at-mosque-in-india-1.646677 |archive-date=23 September 2013}}</ref> and two bombs exploded in [[2013 Hyderabad blasts|February 2013]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad bomb blasts:two deadly explosions leave terror cloud over India |url=http://world.time.com/2013/02/21/hyderabad-bomb-blasts-two-deadly-explosions-leave-terror-cloud-over-india/ |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |last=Mahr |first=Krista |date=21 February 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224052121/http://world.time.com/2013/02/21/hyderabad-bomb-blasts-two-deadly-explosions-leave-terror-cloud-over-india/ |archive-date=24 February 2013}}</ref> On 30 July 2013 the government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal,<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana at last: India gets a new state, demand for other states gets a boost |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-at-last-india-gets-a-new-state-clamour-for-other-states-grow/article1-1100983.aspx |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |last=Naqshbandi |first=Aurangzeb |date=31 July 2013 |access-date=31 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125041752/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-at-last-india-gets-a-new-state-clamour-for-other-states-grow/article1-1100983.aspx |archive-date=25 January 2014}}
* {{cite web |title=Creation of a new state of Telangana by bifurcating the existing State of Andhra Pradesh |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=99854 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=3 October 2013 |access-date=3 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214211/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=99854 |archive-date=4 October 2013}}
* {{cite web |title=Text of Cabinet note on Telangana |url=http://epaper.thehansindia.com/PUBLICATIONS/THEHANSINDIA/THI/2013/10/06/ArticleHtmls/Text-of-Cabinet-Note-on-Telangana-06102013007003.shtml?Mode=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013165402/http://epaper.thehansindia.com/PUBLICATIONS/THEHANSINDIA/THI/2013/10/06/ArticleHtmls/Text-of-Cabinet-Note-on-Telangana-06102013007003.shtml?Mode=1 |archive-date=13 October 2013 |newspaper=[[The Hans India]] |date=6 October 2013 |access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref> and in February 2014 both houses of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] [[Act of Parliament|passed]] the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|Telangana Bill]]. With the final assent of the President of India, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=what you need to know about India's newest state-Telangana |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-about-india-s-newest-state-telangana-1992986 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=2 June 2014 |access-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205152545/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-about-india-s-newest-state-telangana-1992986 |archive-date=5 December 2014}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of Hyderabad}}
[[File:Hyderabad, India ESA392443.jpg|thumb|A satellite view of Hyderabad captured by [[Sentinel-2A]], the yellow and brown colours features the city core, the light green shows [[Aridity|arid fields]] and the dark green depicts vegetation. The Musi river and its adjecent small water bodies are highlighted with the blue colour.<ref name="ESA">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad, India|url=https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/04/Hyderabad_India|work=[[European Space Agency]]|date=13 April 2018|access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>|alt=A Large colourful image representing the Hyderbad city's geographical area]]
Hyderabad is {{cvt|1566|km}} south of [[Delhi]], {{cvt|699| km}} southeast of [[Mumbai]], and {{cvt|570|km}} north of [[Bangalore]] by road.<ref>{{Google maps | url =https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=17.366,78.476&spn=0.1,0.1&t=h&q=17.366,78.476 | access-date =6 January 2013 }}</ref> It is situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India,<ref name="Hyderabad_tg_location">{{cite journal |title=Consecutive days maximum rainfall analysis by gumbel's extreme value distributions for southern Telangana |url=http://www.tnsroindia.org.in/JOURNAL/FULL%20TEXT%20ISSUE%207.pdf |last1=Momin |first1=Umar farooque |last2=Kulkarni |first2=Prasad.S |last3=Horaginamani |first3=Sirajuddin M |last4=M |first4=Ravichandran |last5=Patel |first5=Adamsab M |last6=Kousar |first6=Hina |volume=2 |issue=7 |page=411 |journal=Indian Journal of Natural Sciences |year=2011 |issn=0976-0997 |access-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608085835/http://www.tnsroindia.org.in/JOURNAL/FULL%20TEXT%20ISSUE%207.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2015}}</ref> along the banks of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]], a tributary of [[Krishna River]] located on the [[Deccan Plateau]] in the northern part of [[South India]].<ref name=area>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/New-geographical-map-of-Hyderabad-released/articleshow/45543021.cms |title=New geographical map of Hyderabad released |date=17 December 2014 |access-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303140652/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/New-geographical-map-of-Hyderabad-released/articleshow/45543021.cms |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp |website=www.ghmc.gov.in |access-date=23 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hyderabad_Geo">{{cite web |title=Physical Feature |url=http://www.apind.gov.in/Library/District/hyderabad.pdf |work=AP Government |year=2002 |access-date=4 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416235458/http://www.apind.gov.in/Library/District/hyderabad.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2012}}</ref> Greater Hyderabad covers {{cvt|650|km2|sqmi}}, making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India.<ref name=":0" /> With an average altitude of {{cvt|542|m|ft|0}}, Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink [[granite]], dotted with small hills, the highest being [[Banjara Hills]] at {{cvt|672|m|ft|0}}.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo" /><ref name="JNTU_Geo">{{cite web |title=Hyderabad geography |url=http://jntuhdufr.com/geography |work=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|JNTU]] |access-date=4 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111002233/http://jntuhdufr.com/geography |archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> [[Hyderabad city lakes|The city has numerous lakes]] sometime referred to as ''sagar'', meaning "sea". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built in 1562 near the city centre), [[Osman Sagar]] and [[Himayat Sagar]].<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo" /><ref name="rainwaterharvesting">{{cite web |title=Water sources and water supply |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/hussain_sagar/hussainsagar%202.pdf |work=rainwaterharvesting.org |page=2 |year=2005 |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111100030/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/hussain_sagar/hussainsagar%202.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> {{As of|1996}}, the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds).<ref name="Sreoshi Singh">{{cite web |title=Water security in peri-urban south Asia |url=http://saciwaters.org/periurban/Scoping_Study_Report_Hyderabad.pdf |first=Sreoshi |last=Singh |publisher=South Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies |year=2010 |access-date=18 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116235407/http://saciwaters.org/periurban/Scoping_Study_Report_Hyderabad.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Hyderabad has a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') bordering on a hot [[semi-arid climate]] (Köppen ''BSh'').<ref>{{cite book |title=Climate and food security |publisher=International Rice Research Institute |page=[https://archive.org/details/climatefoodsecur0000inte/page/348 348] |year=1987 |isbn=978-971-10-4210-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/climatefoodsecur0000inte/page/348}}
* {{cite book |title=The ecology of tropical food crops |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=249–251 |isbn=978-0-521-41062-5 |last1=Norman |first1=Michael John Thornley |first2=C.J |last2=Pearson |first3=P.G.E |last3=Searle |year=1995}}</ref> The annual mean temperature is {{cvt|26.6|C|F|1}}; monthly mean temperatures are {{cvt|21|–|33|C|F|0}}.<ref name="weatherbase hyd">{{cite web |title=Weatherbase entry for Hyderabad |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=82134&units=metric |publisher=Canty and Associates LLC |access-date=13 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030043855/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=82134&units=metric |archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref> Summers (March–June) are hot and dry, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius;<ref name="imd hyd">{{cite web |title=Hyderabad |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/hyderabad2.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=13 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110233943/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/hyderabad2.htm |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> maximum temperatures often exceed {{cvt|40|C|F}} between April and June.<ref name="weatherbase hyd" /> The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to {{cvt|10|C|F|0}}.<ref name="weatherbase hyd" /> May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from {{cvt|26-39|C}}; December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from {{cvt|14.5-28|C}}.<ref name="imd hyd" />

Heavy rain from the [[Southwest monsoon|south-west summer monsoon]] falls between June and October, supplying Hyderabad with most of its mean annual rainfall.<ref name="imd hyd" /> Since records began in November 1891, the heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period was {{cvt|241.5|mm|in|0}} on 24 August 2000. The highest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|45.5|C|0}} on 2 June 1966, and the lowest was {{cvt|6.1|C|0}} on 8 January 1946.<ref>{{cite web |title=Extreme weather events Overall |url=http://www.imdhyderabad.gov.in/tssite/tlngextwx.htm |publisher=Meteorological Centre, Hyderabad |date=December 2013 |access-date=6 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140911/http://www.imdhyderabad.gov.in/tssite/tlngextwx.htm |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> The city receives 2,731 hours of sunshine per year; maximum daily [[Insolation|sunlight exposure]] occurs in February.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical weather for Hyderabad, India |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=82134&refer=&units=metric |publisher=Weatherbase |access-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204143148/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=82134&refer=&units=metric |archive-date=4 December 2011}}</ref>
{{Hyderabad weatherbox}}

=== Conservation ===
[[File:Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)- Male & female in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7268.jpg|thumb|right|[[Blackbuck]]s grazing at [[Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park]]|alt=Three antelopes]]

Hyderabad's lakes and the sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. {{As of|2016}}, the tree cover is 1.7% of the total city area, a decrease from 2.7% in 1996.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bats seen in the day? Experts blame habitat loss |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Bats-seen-in-the-day-Experts-blame-habitat-loss/articleshow/53732842.cms |last=Tadepalli |first=Siddharth |newspaper=Times of India |date=17 August 2016 |access-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817172152/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Bats-seen-in-the-day-Experts-blame-habitat-loss/articleshow/53732842.cms |archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of [[national park]]s, [[zoo]]s, mini-zoos and a [[wildlife sanctuary]]. [[Nehru Zoological Park]], the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger [[safari park]]. Hyderabad has three national parks ([[Mrugavani National Park]], [[Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park]] and [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park]]), and the [[Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary]] is about {{cvt|50|km|mi|0}} from the city. Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: [[Hyderabad Botanical Garden|Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens]], [[Ameenpur Lake]], [[Shamirpet Lake]], [[Hussain Sagar]], [[Fox Sagar Lake]], [[Mir Alam Tank]] and [[Patancheru#Geography|Patancheru Lake]], which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] from different parts of the world.<ref name="hyd-wildlife">{{cite web |title=Annual administration report 2011–2012 |url=http://www.forests.ap.gov.in/pdf/AAR/AAR11-12.pdf |page=78 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh Forest Department]] |access-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.forests.ap.gov.in/pdf/AAR/AAR11-12.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2016}}
* {{cite web |title=Nehru Zoological Park |url=http://www.hydzoo.com/about-the-zoo.html |publisher=[[Nehru Zoological Park]] |access-date=11 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508173049/http://www.hydzoo.com/about-the-zoo.html |archive-date=8 May 2017}}
* {{cite web |title=Search Establishment |url=http://cza.nic.in/htmlreports/htmlsearchzoo.aspx |publisher=[[Central Zoo Authority of India]] |access-date=21 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909064232/http://cza.nic.in/htmlreports/htmlsearchzoo.aspx |archive-date=9 September 2013}}
* {{cite news |title=A study in green |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/11/stories/2003061100390100.htm |last=Seshan |first=K.S.S |date=11 June 2003 |access-date=21 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234111/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/11/stories/2003061100390100.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=10 November 2013}}
* {{cite news |title=Govt mining policy destroying India's rich biodiversity:NGO |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Govt-mining-policy-destroying-Indias-rich-biodiversity-NGO/articleshow/16711337.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 October 2012 |access-date=21 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910201914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Govt-mining-policy-destroying-Indias-rich-biodiversity-NGO/articleshow/16711337.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}
* {{cite news |title=No place for migratory birds in city |url=http://postnoon.com/2012/01/08/no-place-for-migratory-birds-in-city/17511 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126152841/http://postnoon.com/2012/01/08/no-place-for-migratory-birds-in-city/17511 |archive-date=26 November 2012 |last=Koka |first=Sudeshna |newspaper=PostNoon |date=8 January 2012 |access-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the [[Telangana Forest Department]],<ref>{{cite news |title=T'gana forest dept to develop 10 nature parks around Hy'bad |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/t-gana-forest-dept-to-develop-10-nature-parks-around-hy-bad-114100801046_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard |date=8 October 2014 |access-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219000626/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/t-gana-forest-dept-to-develop-10-nature-parks-around-hy-bad-114100801046_1.html |archive-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]], the [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] (ICRISAT), the [[Animal Welfare Board of India]], the [[Blue Cross of Hyderabad]] and the [[University of Hyderabad]].<ref name="hyd-wildlife" />

== Administration ==
{{Main|Administration of Hyderabad}}

=== Common capital status ===
[[File:Hyderabad Town Hall.jpg|thumb|left|[[Telangana Legislature]]|alt=White building with multiple domes]]
According to the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]] part 2 Section 5:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Telangana/AP%20Reorganisation%20Bill,%202014.pdf |title=AP Reorganisation Bill, 2014 |date=2014 |work=prsindia.org |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327124943/http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Telangana/AP%20Reorganisation%20Bill,%202014.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2014}}</ref> "(1) On and from the appointed day, Hyderabad in the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, shall be the common capital of the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh for such period not exceeding ten years. (2) After the expiry of the period referred to in sub-section (1), Hyderabad shall be the capital of the State of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh."

The same sections also define that the common capital includes the existing area designated as the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] under the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955. As stipulated in sections 3 and 18(1) of the Reorganisation Act, city MLAs are members of the Telangana state assembly.

=== Local government ===
{{See also|Administrative divisions of Hyderabad}}
[[File:GHMC NEW ZONES,CIRCLE MAP.jpg|thumb|right|The GHMC is divided into six municipal zones]]
The [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] (GHMC) oversees the civic infrastructure of the city, there are six administrative zones of GHMC: South Zone–([[Charminar]]), East Zone–([[L. B. Nagar]]), West Zone–([[Serilingampally]]), North Zone–([[Kukatpally]]), Northeast Zone–([[Secunderabad]]) and Central Zone–([[Khairatabad]]); these zones consist of 30 "circles", which together encompass [[List of Hyderabad Corporation wards|150 municipal wards]]. Each ward is represented by a [[corporator]], elected by popular vote, {{as of|2020|lc=on}} the city has 7,400,000 voters of which 3,850,000 are male and 3,500,000 are female.<ref name="news18">{{cite news |title=Live Results: Greater Hyderabad Municipal Elections 2020|url=https://www.news18.com/ghmc-election-results-2020-tally-live/|newspaper=[[Network18 Group]]|year=2020|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> The corporators elect the [[Mayor]], who is the [[Titular ruler|titular head]] of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The GHMC carries out the city's infrastructural work such as building and maintenance of roads and drains, town planning including construction regulation, maintenance of municipal markets and parks, solid waste management, the issuing of birth and death certificates, the issuing of trade licenses, collection of property tax, and community welfare services such as mother and child healthcare, and pre-school and non-formal education.<ref name="citi charter">{{cite web |title=Citizen's charter |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/tender%20pdfs/Citizen%20Charter-19.06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717215758/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/tender%20pdfs/Citizen%20Charter-19.06.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2013 |publisher=GHMC |access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> The GHMC was formed in April 2007 by merging the [[Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad]] (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]], [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]] and [[Medak district|Medak]] districts covering a total area of {{cvt|650|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Drinking water: issues in access and equity |url=http://jointactionforwater.org/sites/default/files/Hyderabad-Water-Briefing-paper-CR.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110235911/http://jointactionforwater.org/sites/default/files/Hyderabad-Water-Briefing-paper-CR.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |publisher=jointactionforwater.org |last=Ramachandraia |first=C |year=2009 |access-date=18 November 2012}}</ref>{{rp|3}} The [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]] is a civic administration agency overseeing an area of {{cvt|40.1|km2|sqmi}},<ref name="Wba ci rep">{{cite web |title=Exploring urban growth management in three developing country cities |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1169585750379/Urban_Growth_June_2008.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |date=15 June 2008 |access-date=6 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605133128/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1169585750379/Urban_Growth_June_2008.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>{{rp|93}} where there are several military camps.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1">{{cite web |title=Survey of child labour in slums of Hyderabad: final report |url=http://cgg.gov.in/publicationdownloads/Survey%20of%20Child%20Labour%20in%20slums%20of%20Hyderabad.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629112955/http://cgg.gov.in/publicationdownloads/Survey%20of%20Child%20Labour%20in%20slums%20of%20Hyderabad.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2012 |publisher=Center for Good Governance, Hyderabad |date=17 December 2008 |access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Information hand book under right to information act Secunderabad cantonment board |url=http://scb.aponline.gov.in/SCBPortal/RTI-Act.pdf |publisher=[[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]] |page=6 |access-date=31 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110232944/http://scb.aponline.gov.in/SCBPortal/RTI-Act.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> The [[Osmania University]] campus is administered independently by the university authority.<ref name="Wba ci rep" />{{rp|93}} Appointed in February 2021, [[Gadwal Vijayalakshmi]] of [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] (TRS) is serving as the Mayor of GHMC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor a highly educated and accomplished person |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/mayor-a-highly-educated-and-accomplished-person/article33814972.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 February 2021 |access-date=18 February 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222145640/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/mayor-a-highly-educated-and-accomplished-person/article33814972.ece |archive-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

In Hyderabad [[Law enforcement agency|police]] jurisdiction is divided into three commissionerates: [[Hyderabad City Police|Hyderabad]] (established in 1847 AD, an oldest police commissionerate in India ), [[Cyberabad Metropolitan Police|Cyberabad]], and [[Rachakonda Police Commissionerate|Rachakonda]], each headed by a [[Commissioner of Police (India)|commissioner of police]], who are [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officers. The Hyderabad police is a division of the [[Telangana Police]], under the state Home Ministry.<ref name="hp">{{cite web |title=About us |url=https://hyderabadpolice.gov.in/AboutUs.html |publisher=Hyderabad City Police |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="cp">{{cite web |title=Know your police station |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/who-will-control-law-and-order-in-hyderabad-after-formation-of-telangana/articleshow/26730958.cms?from=mdr |publisher=The Economic Times|date=2 December 2013|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>

The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district, the GHMC area ("Hyderabad city"), and the area under the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]] (HMDA). The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 ''[[Tehsil|mandals]]'' in five districts encircling the city. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board]] (HMWSSB).<ref name="HMDA1">{{cite web |title=Welcome to HMDA |url=http://www.hmda.gov.in/ |work=[[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]] |access-date=7 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208055156/http://www.hmda.gov.in/ |archive-date= 8 February 2015}}</ref>

Hyderabad is the seat of the [[Government of Telangana]], [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] and the President of India's winter retreat [[Rashtrapati Nilayam]], as well as the [[Telangana High Court]] and various local government agencies. The Lower City Civil Court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court are under the jurisdiction of the High Court.<ref>{{cite web|title=Presidential Retreats|url=https://presidentofindia.nic.in/presidential-retreats.htm|work=[[National Informatics Centre]]|date=5 August 2019|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="toi her">{{cite news |title=Advantage Telangana over immovable assets |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Advantage-Telangana-over-immovable-assets/articleshow/21521630.cms?referral=PM |last=Nagaraju |first=Jinka |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 August 2013 |access-date=11 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910235124/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Advantage-Telangana-over-immovable-assets/articleshow/21521630.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India |url=http://www.redress.org/downloads/country-reports/india.pdf |publisher=[[Redress (charitable organisation)]] |year=2002 |access-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004082512/http://www.redress.org/downloads/country-reports/india.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref>{{rp|1}} The GHMC area contains 24 State Legislative Assembly constituencies,<ref>{{cite news |title=KCR's early election gamble gives enough ammo to TRS |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/kcrs-early-election-gamble-gives-enough-ammo-to-trs/articleshow/66104449.cms | newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=7 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007181033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/kcrs-early-election-gamble-gives-enough-ammo-to-trs/articleshow/66104449.cms |archive-date=7 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> which form five constituencies of the [[Lok Sabha]] (the [[lower house]] of the Parliament of India).<ref name="GHMC-The Hindu">{{cite news |title=GHMC polls: all set for the d-day |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/ghmc-polls-all-set-for-the-dday/article52463.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 November 2009 |access-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110235141/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/ghmc-polls-all-set-for-the-dday/article52463.ece |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>

=== Utility services ===
[[File:Street in Hyderabad, India.JPG|thumb|upright|A GHMC sweeper cleaning the [[Tank Bund Road]]|alt=Woman sweeping the road]]
The HMWSSB (Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewage Board) regulates [[rainwater harvesting]], sewerage services, and water supply. In 2005, the HMWSSB started operating a {{cvt|116|km|mi|-long|0|adj=mid}} water supply pipeline from [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]] to meet increasing demand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.hyderabadwater.gov.in/en/index.php/about/profile-us |publisher=Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board |access-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/https://www.hyderabadwater.gov.in/en/index.php/about/profile-us |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="CSE">{{cite journal |title=Hyderabad |publisher=[[Centre for Science and Environment]] |url=http://cseindia.org/userfiles/hyderabad_portraits.pdf |year=2011 |author=Anon |pages=331–341 |journal=Excreta Matters |access-date=20 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074515/http://cseindia.org/userfiles/hyderabad_portraits.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The [[Telangana State Southern Power Distribution Company Limited|Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited]] (TSPDCL) manages electricity supply.<ref>{{cite web |title=About TSSPDCL |url=https://www.tssouthernpower.com/CPDCL_Home.portal;jsessionid=2sVQJntXymj13nDLBGDh5kkRjbQbcP8HGG3JjVlG3xhX9JcsmL63!-2089831870?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=CPDCL_Home_portal_page_69_page_70 |publisher=Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited |access-date=20 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220201201/https://www.tssouthernpower.com/CPDCL_Home.portal;jsessionid=2sVQJntXymj13nDLBGDh5kkRjbQbcP8HGG3JjVlG3xhX9JcsmL63!-2089831870?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=CPDCL_Home_portal_page_69_page_70 |archive-date=20 February 2015}}</ref> {{As of|2014}}, there were 15 [[fire station]]s in the city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department.<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana has fewer fire stations than A.P. |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/telangana-has-fewer-fire-stations-than-ap/article6517175.ece |last=Lasania |first=Yunus Y |newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 October 2014 |access-date=18 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/telangana-has-fewer-fire-stations-than-ap/article6517175.ece |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> The government-owned [[India Post]] has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, which are complemented by private courier services.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo" />

=== Pollution control ===
Hyderabad produces around 4,500 [[metric tonnes|tonnes]] of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in [[Imlibun]], [[Yousufguda]] and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in [[Jawaharnagar, Telangana|Jawaharnagar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Twin festivals pile more garbage load on GHMC |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2420707.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 September 2011 |access-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917193731/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2420707.ece |archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> Disposal is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Waste management project gets nod |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Waste-management-project-gets-nod/articleshow/5466250.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=18 January 2010 |access-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911045645/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Waste-management-project-gets-nod/articleshow/5466250.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity has led to increased [[industrial waste]], [[air pollution|air]], [[noise pollution|noise]] and [[water pollution]], which is regulated by the [[Telangana Pollution Control Board]] (TPCB).<ref>{{cite web |title=Co-benefits analysis of air pollution and GHG emissions for Hyderabad, India |url=http://environmentportal.in/files/2008-03-IES-Co-Benefits-Hyderabad.pdf |last=Guttikunda |first=Sarath |publisher=Integrated Environmental Strategies Program |date=March 2008 |access-date=20 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220203320/http://environmentportal.in/files/2008-03-IES-Co-Benefits-Hyderabad.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pollution up in Hyderabad post Pollution Control Board split |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141117/nation-current-affairs/article/pollution-hyderabad-post-pollution-control-board-split |newspaper=The Deccan Chronicle |date=17 November 2014 |access-date=20 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220220851/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141117/nation-current-affairs/article/pollution-hyderabad-post-pollution-control-board-split |archive-date=20 February 2015}}</ref> The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from a combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish.<ref name="Bh Gur">{{cite book |title=Air pollution:health and environmental impacts |publisher=Taylor and Francis |page=90|editor1-first=Bhola R.|editor1-last=Gurjar|editor2-first=Luisa T.|editor2-last=Molina|editor3-first=Chandra S.P.|editor3-last=Ojha |isbn=978-1-4398-0963-1 |year=2010}}</ref> Deaths resulting from [[Particulates|atmospheric particulate matter]] are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year.<ref name="pollu multi">{{cite news |title=50 research scholars to study pollution |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/50-research-scholars-to-study-pollution/217031-60-121.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=3 January 2012 |access-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111164248/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/50-research-scholars-to-study-pollution/217031-60-121.html |archive-date=11 January 2012}}
* {{cite news |title=Be a pal and stop polluting |at=Lifestyle section |work=The Deccan Chronicle |date=26 October 2011}}
* {{cite journal |title=Use of multi-objective air pollution monitoring sites and online air pollution monitoring system for total health risk assessment in Hyderabad |last1=Anjaneyulu |first1=Y. |last2=Jayakumar |first2=I. |last3=Hima Bindu |first3=V. |last4=Sagareswar |first4=G. |last5=Mukunda Rao |first5=P.V. |last6=Rambabu |first6=N. |last7=Ramani |first7=K.V. |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=August 2005 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=343–354 |doi=10.3390/ijerph2005020021 |pmid=16705838 |pmc=3810641|doi-access=free}}</ref> The city's "VIP areas", the Assembly building, Secretariat, and Telangana chief minister's office, have particularly low [[air quality index]] ratings, suffering from high levels of [[PM2.5]]'s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/gasping-for-breath-in-vip-areas-blame-it-on-toxic-cloud-in-the-air/articleshow/55991387.cms |title=Gasping for breath in VIP areas, blame it on toxic cloud in the air |work=The Times of India |last=Sikdar |first=Prabeerkumar |date=15 December 2016 |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616074728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/gasping-for-breath-in-vip-areas-blame-it-on-toxic-cloud-in-the-air/articleshow/55991387.cms |archive-date=16 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Groundwater|Ground water]] around Hyderabad, which has a [[Hard water|hardness]] of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable,<ref>{{cite news |title=Ground water in city unfit for use |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/ground-water-city-unfit-use-198 |newspaper=The Deccan Chronicle |date=30 August 2011 |access-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214115551/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/ground-water-city-unfit-use-198 |archive-date=14 December 2011}}</ref> is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels.<ref name="TOI wa sup">{{cite news |title=If Singur, Manjira dry up, there's Krishna |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/If-Singur-Manjira-dry-up-theres-Krishna/articleshow/1018913.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 February 2005 |access-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911051148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/If-Singur-Manjira-dry-up-theres-Krishna/articleshow/1018913.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="TOI wa sca">{{cite news |title=City stares at water scarcity |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/City-stares-at-water-scarcity/articleshow/11468495.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 January 2012 |access-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910232114/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/City-stares-at-water-scarcity/articleshow/11468495.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> This shortage is further exacerbated by inadequately treated [[effluent]] discharged from industrial treatment plants polluting the water sources of the city.<ref name="TOI wa pol">{{cite news |title=Manjira faces pollution threat |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Manjira-faces-pollution-threat/articleshow/329239.cms?referral=PM |last=Chunduri |first=Mridula |newspaper=The Times of India |date=29 November 2003 |access-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911023846/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Manjira-faces-pollution-threat/articleshow/329239.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref>

=== Healthcare ===
{{See also|Healthcare in Hyderabad}}
[[File:NTR Garden, Hussain Sagar.jpg|thumb|The [[NTR Gardens]] is among the gardens in the vicinity of [[Hussain Sagar]] lake serving as a recreation park.|alt=People in a garden]]
The Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of all facilities related to health and preventive services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare |url=http://cfw.tg.nic.in/index.html |publisher=Government of Telangana state |access-date=18 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501184316/http://cfw.tg.nic.in/index.html |archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ruet and Tawa">{{cite book |title=Governing India's metropolises: case studies of four cities |publisher=Routledge |chapter=7: Assessing urban governance through the prism of healthcare services in Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai |last1=Kennedy |first1=Loraine |last2=Duggal |first2=Ravi |last3=Lama-Rewal |first3=Stephanie Tawa |isbn=978-0-415-55148-9|editor1-last=Ruet|editor1-first=Joel|editor2-last=Lama-Rewal|editor2-first=Stephanie Tawa |year=2009}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}–11, the city had 50 government hospitals,<ref>{{cite web |title=Government hospitals |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/ghmcservices/hosnur.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802015031/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/ghmcservices/hosnur.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 August 2012 |publisher=GHMC |year=2011 |access-date=9 May 2012}}</ref> 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes providing around 12,000 hospital beds, fewer than half the required 25,000.<ref name="NorthBridge Capital">{{cite web |title=Hyderabad hospital report |url=http://www.northbridgeasia.com/ResearchReports/HYDERABAD%2520HOSPITAL%2520REPORT.pdf |publisher=Northbridge Capital |page=8 |date=May 2010 |access-date=10 May 2012 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815040646/http://www.northbridgeasia.com/default.aspx |archive-date=15 August 2010}}</ref> For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 17.6 hospital beds,<ref name="hospital_beds_ratio">{{As of|2011}}, the census city population was 6,809,970 and there were 12,000 available hospital beds, giving the derived rate.</ref> 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians.<ref name="NorthBridge Capital" /> The city has about 4,000 individual clinics.<ref name="TheHindu_Health">{{cite news |title=Healthcare sector takes a leap in city |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2809193.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Gopal |first=M.Sai |date=18 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508040709/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2809193.ece |archive-date=8 May 2012}}</ref> Private clinics are preferred by many residents because of the distance to, poor quality of care at and long waiting times in government facilities,<ref name="NFHS-3">{{cite web |title=Health and living conditions in eight Indian cities |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ634.pdf |work=National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005–06 |publisher=International Institute for Population Sciences |last1=Gupta |first1=Kamla |last2=Arnold |first2=Fred |last3=Lhungdim |first3=H. |year=2009 |access-date=13 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212040205/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ634.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2012}} The cities surveyed were [[Delhi]], [[Meerut]], [[Kolkata]], [[Indore]], [[Mumbai]], [[Nagpur]], [[Chennai]] and Hyderabad.</ref>{{rp|60–61}} despite the high proportion of the city's residents being covered by government health insurance: 24% according to a National Family Health Survey in 2005.<ref name="NFHS-3" />{{rp|41}} {{As of|2012}}, many new private hospitals of various sizes were opened or being built.<ref name="TheHindu_Health" /> Hyderabad has outpatient and inpatient facilities that use [[Unani medicine|Unani]], [[Homeopathy|homoeopathic]] and [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] treatments.<ref>{{cite news |title=168 professors needed in Ayush department |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140805/nation-current-affairs/article/168-professors-needed-ayush-department |last=Garari |first=Kaniza |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |date=5 August 2014 |access-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219000201/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140805/nation-current-affairs/article/168-professors-needed-ayush-department |archive-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>

In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's [[total fertility rate]] is 1.8,<ref name="NFHS-3" />{{rp|47}} which is below the [[replacement rate]]. Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic [[vaccine]]s ([[BCG vaccine|BCG]], [[Measles vaccine|measles]] and full courses of [[Polio vaccine|polio]] and [[DPT vaccine|DPT]]), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except [[Meerut]].<ref name="NFHS-3" />{{rp|98}} The infant [[mortality rate]] was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.<ref name="NFHS-3" />{{rp|97}} The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are [[Anemia|anaemic]], and up to 20% of children are underweight,<ref name="NFHS-3" />{{rp|44, 55–56}} while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from [[diabetes]].<ref name="NFHS-3" />{{rp|57}}

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Hyderabad}}
{{Historical population
| references = <ref name="Census 1951-61">{{cite book |title=Process of urban fringe development: A model |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buz5csyXFmwC |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |page=25 |last=Gopi |first=K.N |year=1978 |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083435/https://books.google.com/books?id=buz5csyXFmwC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Census Hyderabad">{{cite web |title=Economy, population and urban sprawl a comparative study of urban agglomerations of Banglore and Hyderabad, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques |url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf |last1=Iyer |first1=Neelakantan Krishna |last2=Kulkarni |first2=Sumati |last3=Raghavaswam |first3=V. |page=21 |date=13 June 2007 |publisher=circed.org |access-date=10 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519132559/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="greater Hyderabad">{{cite web |title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, census 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |page=11 |year=2011 |publisher=Government of India |access-date=10 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2012}}</ref>
|1951 | 1085722
|1961 | 1118553
|1971 | 1796000
|1981 | 2546000
|1991 | 3059262
|2001 | 3637483
|2011 | 6809970
}}

When the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]] was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from {{cvt|175|km2|sqmi}} to {{cvt|650|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporation History |url=https://www.ghmc.gov.in/CorporationHistory.aspx |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=[[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] |archive-date=22 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522090129/https://www.ghmc.gov.in/CorporationHistory.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Consequently, the population increased by 87%, from 3,637,483 {{As of|2001|lc=on}} census to 6,809,970 {{As of|2011|lc=on}} census, 24% of which are migrants from elsewhere in India,<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1" />{{rp|2}} making Hyderabad the nation's [[List of cities in India by population|fourth most populous city]].<ref name="greater Hyderabad" /><ref name="2011UA">{{cite web |title=Urban agglomerations/cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |publisher=Government of India |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2011}}
* {{cite news |title=Hyderabad district records highest literacy rate |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/hyderabad-district-records-highest-literacy-rate |newspaper=The Siasat Daily |access-date=6 April 2011 |date=1 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408210319/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/hyderabad-district-records-highest-literacy-rate |archive-date=8 April 2011}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the population density is {{cvt|18480|/sqkm|/sqmi}}<ref name="TOI_City Density">{{cite news |title=Sex ratio goes up in state |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Sex-ratio-goes-up-in-state-/articleshow/7840622.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 April 2011 |access-date=16 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910233621/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Sex-ratio-goes-up-in-state-/articleshow/7840622.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> and the Hyderabad urban agglomeration had a population of 7,749,334 making it the [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|sixth most populous urban agglomeration]] in the country.<ref name="2011UA" /> {{As of|2011|lc=on}} [[2011 Census of India|census]], there are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000.<ref name="Census">{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011
|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|page=11|year=2011|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Urban sex ratio below national mark |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Urban-sex-ratio-below-national-mark-/articleshow/10061412.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 September 2011 |access-date=16 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910225106/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Urban-sex-ratio-below-national-mark-/articleshow/10061412.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> Among children aged {{nowrap|0–6}} years, 373,794 are boys and 352,022 are girls—a ratio of 942 per 1000. Literacy stands at 83% (male 86%; female 80%), higher than the national average of 74.04%.<ref name="Census"/><ref>{{cite news |title=AP slips further in national literacy ratings |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/AP-slips-further-in-national-literacy-ratings/articleshow/8521983.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Henry |first=Nikhila |date=23 May 2011 |access-date=18 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910210428/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/AP-slips-further-in-national-literacy-ratings/articleshow/8521983.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> The socio-economic strata consist of 20% [[upper class]], 50% [[middle class]] and 30% [[working class]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Incidence and burden of road traffic injuries in urban India |last1=Dandona |first1=Rakhi |last2=Kumar |first2=Anil |last3=Ameer |first3=Md Abdul |last4=Ahmed |first4=G Mushtaq |last5=Dandona |first5=Lalit |date=16 November 2009 |pmc=2777413 |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=354–359 |doi=10.1136/ip.2008.019620 |journal=Injury Prevention |pmid=19074239}}</ref>

===Ethnicity===

Referred to as "Hyderabadi", the residents of Hyderabad are predominantly [[Telugu people|Telugu]] and [[Dakhini|Urdu speaking]] people, with minority Arab, [[Marathi people|Marathi]], [[Marwari people|Marwari]], and [[Pathan]] communities.<ref name="krank freitag">{{cite web|title=Cultural, spatial and socio-economic fragmentation in the Indian megacity Hyderabad |url=http://www.irmgard-coninx-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/urbanplanet/identities/ws2/050%20Krank.pdf |work=Irmgard Coninx Stiftung |author=Sabrina Kran |year=2007 |accessdate=6 August 2023|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508110230/http://www.irmgard-coninx-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/urbanplanet/identities/ws2/050%20Krank.pdf |archivedate=8 May 2013 }}
* {{cite book |title=Hadhrami traders, scholars, and statesmen in the Indian ocean, 1750s–1960s |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |pages=77–81 |isbn=978-90-04-10771-7 |last1=Freitag |first1=Ulrike |last2=Clarence-Smith |first2=W.G. |year=1997}}
* {{cite news |title=Hyderabad appeal endures |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3509617.ece |last=Ifthekhar |first=J.S. |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 June 2012 |access-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611203955/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3509617.ece |archive-date=11 June 2012}}</ref>

[[Hyderabadi Muslims]] are a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled.<ref> {{cite news |title=Hyderabadi Muslims hold unique identity in service to people|url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabadi-muslims-hold-unique-identity-in-service-to-people-turkish-consul-general-2531542/|last=Khan|first=Sameer|newspaper=The Siasat Daily |date=21 February 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Muslims of Hyderabad|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4412356|last=Vithal|first=B.P.R|volume=37|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|year=2002|issue=28 |pages=2883–2886 |jstor=4412356 |accessdate=18 August 2023}}</ref> [[Hadhrami people|Hadhrami Arabs]], [[Afro-Arab|African Arabs]], [[Armenians]], [[Habesha people|Abyssinians]], [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]], [[Pashtun diaspora|Pathans]] and [[Turkish people]] were present before 1948; these communities, of which the Hadhrami Arabs are the largest, declined after [[Hyderabad State]] became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Asaf Jahi Nizams.<ref name="krank freitag"/><ref>{{cite news|title=From Yemen to India's Hyderabad|url=https://gulfnews.com/special-reports/from-yemen-to-indias-hyderabad-tracing-the-history-of-barkas-1.1637497858155|last=Siddique|first=Mohammad|newspaper=Gulf News|date=21 November 2021|access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="Bennett, Coleman">{{cite book|title=The Land of the Rupee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TrWS_ELC4JQC|quote="Perhaps there is no city in India with a population so varied or so warlike as that of Hyderabad. Every man goes about armed with a weapon of some kind, while the military classes are literally armed to the teeth. Here may be seen the Arab, the Siddi, the Rohilla, the Pathan, the Mahratta, the Turk, the Sikh, Persians, Parsis, Madrasis, Negroes, and others."|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman and Company]] and [[The University of Michigan]]|page=311|year=1912|access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Greater Hyderabad (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-01 Population By Religious Community: Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Census of India}}</ref>
|titlebar=#fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|64.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|30.13}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|2.75}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|2.19}}
}}
[[Hindus]] are in the majority. [[Muslims]] form a very large minority, and are present throughout the city and predominate in and around [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|the Old City of Hyderabad]]. There are also Christian, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist and Parsi communities and iconic [[List of churches in Secunderabad and Hyderabad|churches]], [[List of mosques in Hyderabad|mosque]]s and [[Temples of Hyderabad|temples]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Muslim population in AP |url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Aug04-Print-Edition/163108200423.htm |last=Khan |first=Masood Ali |newspaper=[[The Milli Gazette]] |date=31 August 2004 |access-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420135424/http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Aug04-Print-Edition/163108200423.htm |archive-date=20 April 2012}}
* {{cite book |title=Hyderabad: an expat survival guide |publisher=Chillibreeze |page=21 |isbn=978-81-904055-5-3 |year=2007}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/19472498.2011.577568 |title=Hindu temples in Hyderabad: State patronage and politics in South Asia |journal=South Asian History and Culture |volume=2 |issue=3 |page=352 |year=2011 |last1=Leonard |first1=Karen |s2cid=132551060 |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/0440f2ee30ae4f34f2a6ebaf398a235cacfad313 |access-date=22 November 2019 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083413/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hindu-temples-in-Hyderabad%3A-state-patronage-and-in-Leonard/0440f2ee30ae4f34f2a6ebaf398a235cacfad313 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2011|alt=According to the 2011}} census, the religious make-up of Greater Hyderabad was: Hindus (64.9%), Muslims (30.1%), Christians (2.8%), Jains (0.3%), Sikhs (0.3%) and Buddhists (0.1%); 1.5% did not state any religion.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs| access-date = 22 February 2020| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html| archive-date = 13 September 2015 }} ''On this page, select "Andhra Pradesh" from the download menu. Data for "GHMC (M Corp. + OG)" is at row 11 of the downloaded excel file.''</ref>

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Hyderabad (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh (Urban)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10254/download/13366/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 58.23 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 29.47 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 4.89 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value4 = 1.54 |color4 = red
|label5 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value5 = 1.09 |color5 = royalblue
|label6 = Others |value6 = 4.78 |color6 = grey
}}

[[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Urdu]] are both official languages of the city, and most Hyderabadis are bilingual.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Urdu is now first language in Indian state of Telangana |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/national/urdu-is-now-first-language-in-indian-state-of-telangana/186887.html |newspaper=[[Greater Kashmir]] |date=20 May 2015 |access-date=24 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514164824/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/national/urdu-is-now-first-language-in-indian-state-of-telangana/186887.html |archive-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> The Telugu dialect spoken in Hyderabad is called [[Telangana Baasha|Telangana Mandalika]], and the Urdu spoken is called [[Deccani language|Deccani]].<ref name="James Minahan">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the stateless nations: ethnic and national groups around the world |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |volume=4 |isbn=978-0-313-32384-3 |last=Minahan |first=James |year=2002}}</ref>{{rp|1869–70}}<ref>{{cite book |title=1000 languages: living, endangered, and lost |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |page=120 |isbn=978-0-520-25560-9 |last=Austin |first=Peter K |year=2008}}</ref> English is a "Secondary official language" is pervasive in business and administration, and it is an important medium of instruction in education and publications.<ref name="TOI_Language">{{cite news |title=MCH plans citizens' charter in Telugu, Urdu |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/MCH-plans-Citizens-Charter-in-Telugu-Urdu/articleshow/8502281.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 May 2002 |access-date=25 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022340/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/MCH-plans-Citizens-Charter-in-Telugu-Urdu/articleshow/8502281.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> A significant minority speak other languages, including [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[Kannada]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="krank freitag">{{cite web|title=Cultural, spatial and socio-economic fragmentation in the Indian megacity Hyderabad |url=http://www.irmgard-coninx-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/urbanplanet/identities/ws2/050%20Krank.pdf |work=Irmgard Coninx Stiftung |author=Sabrina Kran |year=2007 |accessdate=6 August 2023|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508110230/http://www.irmgard-coninx-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/urbanplanet/identities/ws2/050%20Krank.pdf |archivedate=8 May 2013 }}
* {{cite book |title=Hadhrami traders, scholars, and statesmen in the Indian ocean, 1750s–1960s |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |pages=77–81 |isbn=978-90-04-10771-7 |last1=Freitag |first1=Ulrike |last2=Clarence-Smith |first2=W.G. |year=1997}}
* {{cite news |title=Hyderabad appeal endures |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3509617.ece |last=Ifthekhar |first=J.S. |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 June 2012 |access-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611203955/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3509617.ece |archive-date=11 June 2012}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2023}}

=== Slums ===
As of 2012, in the greater metropolitan area, 13% of the population live [[Below Poverty Line|below the poverty line]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty reduction at city level: strategy development for Hyderabad |url=http://www.cgg.gov.in/workingpapers/UPRS%20for%20Hyderabad.pdf |publisher=Center for Good Governance, Hyderabad |access-date=17 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629182139/http://cgg.gov.in/workingpapers/UPRS%20for%20Hyderabad.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2012}}</ref> According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the [[World Bank]], Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements.<ref>{{cite news |title=World bank team visits Hyderabad slums |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/World-bank-team-visits-Hyderabad-slums/articleshow/14036371.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=12 June 2012 |access-date=12 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911030859/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/World-bank-team-visits-Hyderabad-slums/articleshow/14036371.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in the last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1" />{{rp|55}} Overall literacy in the slums is {{nowrap|60–80%}} and female literacy is {{nowrap|52–73%}}. A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depends on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government-aided schools, 175 private schools, and 528 community halls in the slum areas.<ref name="GHMC_Slums">{{cite web |title=Basic services to the urban poor |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/cdp/chapter%205.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206043309/http://ghmc.gov.in/cdp/chapter%205.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2009 |work=City development plan |publisher=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |access-date=17 April 2012}}</ref>{{rp|70}} According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are [[nuclear family|nuclear families]], 18% are very poor, with an income up to {{INR convert|20000}} per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is {{INR convert|24000}} per annum), 27% of the [[SEC Classification|chief wage earners]] (CWE) are [[casual labour]] and 38% of the CWE are illiterate. About 3.7% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.2% work as [[child labour]], of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1" />{{rp|59}}

== Cityscape ==
{{Wide image| Gachibowli IT %26 Financial District Skyline View, Dec 2018.jpg|1280px|Gachibowli IT & Financial District skyline view}}
=== Neighbourhoods ===
{{See also|Neighbourhoods of Hyderabad}}
[[File:Hussain sagar, sailing festival. Hyderabad India.JPG|thumb|[[Optimist (dinghy)|Optimist]] and [[Laser (dinghy)|Laser]] dinghies during the [[Hussain Sagar#Sailing|Hyderabad Sailing Week]] [[Regatta]] at Hussain Sagar|alt=People sailing in the lake regatta]]
The historic city established by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the southern side of the Musi River forms the heritage region of Hyderabad called the ''[[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Purana Shahar]]'' (Old City), while the "New City" encompasses the urbanised area on the northern banks. The two are connected by many bridges across the river, the oldest of which is [[Purana pul|Purana Pul]]—("old bridge") built in 1578 AD.<ref name="pulol">{{cite news |title=Puranapul 'rented' out to vendors by extortionist |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/puranapul-%E2%80%98rented%E2%80%99-out-vendors-extortionist-291 |newspaper=[[The Deccan Chronicle]] |date=24 June 2011 |access-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809100406/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/puranapul-%E2%80%98rented%E2%80%99-out-vendors-extortionist-291 |archive-date= 9 August 2011}}</ref> Hyderabad is [[Twin cities|twinned]] with neighbouring [[Secunderabad]], to which it is connected by [[Hussain Sagar]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy">{{cite book |title=Urban growth theories and settlement systems of India |publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=79–99 |isbn=978-81-8069-739-5 |last1=Alam |first1=Shah Manzoor |last2=Reddy |first2=A. Geeta |last3=Markandey |first3=Kalpana |year=2011}}</ref>


Many historic and heritage sites lie in south central Hyderabad, such as the Charminar, Mecca Masjid, [[Salar Jung Museum]], [[Nizam Museum]], [[Telangana High Court]], [[Falaknuma Palace]], [[Chowmahalla Palace]] and the traditional retail corridor comprising the [[Pathargatti|Pearl Market]], [[Laad Bazaar]] and [[Madina, Hyderabad|Madina Circle]]. North of the river are hospitals, colleges, major railway stations and business areas such as [[Begum Bazaar]], [[Koti, Hyderabad|Koti]], [[Abids]], [[Sultan Bazar]] and [[Moazzam Jahi Market]], along with administrative and recreational establishments such as the [[Reserve Bank of India#Offices and branches|Reserve Bank of India]], the [[Telangana Secretariat]], the [[India Government Mint, Hyderabad|India Government Mint]], the [[Telangana Legislature]], the [[Public Gardens, Hyderabad|Public Gardens]], [[Shahi Masjid]], the [[Nizam Club]], the [[Ravindra Bharathi]], the [[Telangana State Archaeology Museum|State Museum]], the [[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad|Birla Temple]] and the [[Birla Science Museum|Birla Planetarium]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy" /><ref name="Rao">{{cite book |title=Cities in transition |publisher=Routledge |pages=117–140 |isbn=978-0-203-39115-0 |first=Nirmala |last=Rao |year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Gop to fati">{{cite book |title=Process of urban fringe development:a model |publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=13–17 |isbn=978-81-7022-017-6 |last=Gopi |first=K.N |year=1978}}
* {{cite book |title=Urbanization, urban development, and metropolitan cities in India |publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=375–380 |isbn=978-81-8069-412-7 |last1=Nath |first1=Viswambhar |last2=Aggarwal |first2=Surinder K |year=2007}}
* {{cite book |title=Poverty in metropolitan cities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sO1yDYWxsGgC |publisher=Concept Publishing |last1=Alam |first1=Shah Manzoor |last2=Khan |first2=Fátima Ali |year=1987 |pages=139–157 |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083454/https://books.google.com/books?id=sO1yDYWxsGgC |url-status=live}}</ref>

North of central Hyderabad lie Hussain Sagar, [[Tank Bund Road]], [[Rani Gunj]] and the [[Secunderabad Junction railway station|Secunderabad railway station]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy" /> Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as [[Sanjeevaiah Park]], [[Indira Park]], [[Lumbini Park]], [[NTR Gardens]], the [[Hussain Sagar#Buddha statue|Buddha statue]] and [[Hussain Sagar#Patton Tank|Tankbund Park]] are located here.<ref name="Hussain Sagar">{{cite web |title=Implementing the ecosystem approach to preserve the ecological integrity of urban lakes: the case of lake Hussain sagar, Hyderabad, India |url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/Hussainsagar.pdf |work=Ecosystem approach for conservation of lake Hussainsagar |page=3 |last=Kodarkar |first=Mohan |publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation |access-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209123821/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/Hussainsagar.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2012}}
* {{cite news |title=Hussain sagar stink is not a bother |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hussain-sagar-stink-is-not-a-bother/articleshow/469132.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507020604/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-02/hyderabad/28340004_1_hussain-sagar-buddha-statue-stink |archive-date=7 May 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 February 2004 |access-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as [[Banjara Hills]], [[Jubilee Hills]], [[Begumpet]], [[Khairtabad]], [[Tolichowki]], [[Jagannath Temple, Hyderabad|Jagannath Temple]] and [[Miyapur]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Miyapur most 'searched' on web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-propertyplus/miyapur-most-searched-on-web/article4467740.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 March 2013 |access-date=2 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305103614/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-propertyplus/miyapur-most-searched-on-web/article4467740.ece |archive-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> The northern end contains industrial areas such as [[Kukatpally]], [[Sanathnagar]], [[Moosapet]], [[Balanagar, Medchal district|Balanagar]], [[Patancheru]] and [[Chanda Nagar]]. The northeast end is dotted with residential areas such as [[Malkajgiri]], [[Neredmet]], [[A. S. Rao Nagar]] and [[Uppal Kalan|Uppal]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy" /><ref name="Rao" /><ref name="Gop to fati" /> In the eastern part of the city lie [[List of defence research centers in Hyderabad|many defence research centres]] and [[Ramoji Film City]]. The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city, consisting of [[Madhapur]] and [[Gachibowli]] has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, [[Osman Sagar]], [[Himayat Sagar|Himayath Sagar]] and [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park]].<ref name="roy aih">{{cite book |title=Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |page=253 |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4051-9277-4 |last1=Roy |first1=Ananya |last2=Aihwa |first2=Ong}}</ref><ref name="toi chary">{{cite news |title=An Amazon shot for city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/An-Amazon-shot-for-city/articleshow/10335301.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 October 2011 |first1=Swati Bharadwaj |last1=Chand |access-date=13 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226140847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/An-Amazon-shot-for-city/articleshow/10335301.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=26 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Landmarks ===
[[Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India|Heritage buildings]] constructed during the [[Qutb Shahi]] and [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Nizam]] eras showcase [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] influenced by [[Medieval architecture|Medieval]], [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] and [[Art of Europe|European]] styles.<ref name="AnPet" /><ref name="Bur Mic">{{cite book |title=Indian Islamic architecture: forms and typologies, sites and monuments |pages=146–148 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-16339-3 |first1=John |last1=Burton-Page|author1-link=John Burton-Page |first2=George |last2=Michell}}</ref> After the 1908 [[Great Musi Flood of 1908|flooding of the Musi River]], the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad.<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila" /><ref name="musi flood">{{cite web |title=Architecture of Hyderabad during the CIB period |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20Links/Hist-Cult/architecture_arc.html |publisher=aponline.gov.in |access-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212025600/http://aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/HIST-CULT/architecture_arc.html |archive-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India".<ref name="Best_Heritage_City">{{Cite news |title=Heritage award for Hyderabad raises many eyebrows |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Heritage-award-for-Hyderabad-raises-many-eyebrows/articleshow/12105415.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 March 2012 |access-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211173202/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Heritage-award-for-Hyderabad-raises-many-eyebrows/articleshow/12105415.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 February 2015}}</ref>

Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical [[Iranian architecture|Persian architecture]] featuring domes and colossal arches.<ref name="George Michell and Jubilee_Hall">{{cite book |title=The new Cambridge history of India, volumes 1–7 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=218–219 |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-521-56321-5 |last=Michell |first=George}}
* {{cite news |title=Jubilee hall a masterpiece of Asaf Jahi architecture |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/%E2%80%98jubilee-hall%E2%80%99-masterpiece-asaf-jahi-architecture |newspaper=The Siasat Daily |date=31 December 2011 |access-date=12 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512184548/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/%E2%80%98jubilee-hall%E2%80%99-masterpiece-asaf-jahi-architecture |archive-date=12 May 2012}}</ref> The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of the Golconda Fort built in the 16th century. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of [[Charminar]] towards the fort. The Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides {{cvt|20|m|ft}} long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a {{cvt|56|m|ft}}-high minaret. The Charminar, Golconda Fort and the [[Qutb Shahi tombs]] are considered to be [[Monuments of National Importance of India|monuments of national importance in India]]; in 2010 the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage status]].<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila" /><ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |title=The Qutb Shahi monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi tombs, Charminar |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/ |work=[[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] |year=2010 |access-date=22 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222105425/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/ |archive-date=22 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tourist guide">{{cite book |title=Tourist guide to Andhra Pradesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4l78qG3TkAC |year=2006 |publisher=Sura Books |isbn=978-81-7478-176-5 |access-date=22 February 2013 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083410/https://books.google.com/books?id=E4l78qG3TkAC |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|11–18}}<ref name="Qutb shahi style architecture">{{cite web |title=Qutb Shahi style (mainly in and around Hyderabad city) |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_qut.html |publisher=aponline.gov.in |access-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110075247/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_qut.html |archive-date=10 January 2013}}</ref>

Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the [[Chowmahalla Palace]], which was the [[Durbar Hall#Durbar Hall – Khilawat Mubarak, Hyderabad|seat of royal power]]. It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the [[Baroque]] [[Harem]] to its [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] royal court. The other palaces include [[Falaknuma Palace]] (inspired by the style of [[Andrea Palladio]]), [[Purani Haveli]], [[King Kothi Palace]] and [[Bella Vista, Hyderabad|Bella Vista Palace]] all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century. During Mir Osman Ali Khan's rule, European styles, along with Indo-Islamic, became prominent. These styles are reflected in the [[Indo-Saracenic architecture|Indo-Saracenic]] style of architecture seen in many civic monuments such as the [[Telangana High Court|Hyderabad High Court]], [[Osmania General Hospital|Osmania Hospital]], [[City College Hyderabad|City College]] and the [[Kacheguda railway station]], all designed by [[Vincent Esch]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/02666030.1993.9628458 |first=G. H. R. |last=Tillotson |title=Vincent J. Esch and the Architecture of Hyderabad, 1914–36 |date=1993 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=29–46}}</ref> Other landmark structures of the city constructed during his regin are the [[State Central Library, Hyderabad|State Central Library]], the Telangana Legislature, the [[Telangana State Archaeology Museum|State Archaeology Museum]], [[Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad|Jubilee Hall]], and [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Hyderabad railway station]].<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila" /><ref name="George Michell and Jubilee_Hall" /><ref name="UNESCO_Asia">{{cite web |title=UNESCO Asia-Pacific heritage awards for culture heritage conservation |url=http://www.unescobkk.org/unit-archive-folders/clt-archive-folder/heritage/world-heritage-and-immovable-heritage/asia-pacific-heritage-awards-for-culture-heritage-conservation/ |work=[[UNESCO]] |year=2010 |access-date=8 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403002556/http://www.unescobkk.org/unit-archive-folders/clt-archive-folder/heritage/world-heritage-and-immovable-heritage/asia-pacific-heritage-awards-for-culture-heritage-conservation/ |archive-date=3 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Palaces of the Nizam">{{cite web |title=Palaces of the Nizam: Asaf Jahi style (mainly in and around Hyderabad city) |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_niz.html |publisher=aponline.gov.in |date=24 February 2013 |access-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706131005/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_niz.html |archive-date=6 July 2013}}</ref> Other landmarks of note are [[Paigah Palace]], [[Asman Garh Palace]], [[Basheer Bagh Palace]], [[Errum Manzil]] and the [[Spanish Mosque]], all constructed by the [[Paigah family]].<ref name="Tourist guide" />{{rp|16–17}}<ref name="paigah palaces">{{cite news |title=Structure so pure |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/12/31/stories/2003123100350300.htm |date=31 December 2003 |access-date=22 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025183156/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/12/31/stories/2003123100350300.htm |archive-date=25 October 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Paigah Palaces">{{cite web |title=The Paigah Palaces (Hyderabad city) |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_pai.html |publisher=aponline.gov.in |access-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212025507/http://aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/HIST-CULT/architecture_pai.html |archive-date=12 December 2012}}</ref>

{{Wide image| Chowmahalla Palace Hyderabad.JPG|680px|The [[Chowmahalla Palace]]—a principal palace of the Nizam's, constructed by [[Salabat Jung]] in 1750|alt=Single-story colonnaded façade with grass and trees in front}}

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Hyderabad}}
[[File:MindSpace campus in Hyderabad, India.jpg|thumb|[[HITEC City]], the hub of information technology companies|alt=City panorama showing gardens, clean roads and modern office buildings]]
[[File:Uppal aerial view.jpg|thumb|[[Middle class]] apartments in [[Uppal Kalan]]—a [[rural–urban fringe]] of Hyderabad city]]
Recent estimates of the economy of Hyderabad's metropolitan area have ranged from {{US$}}40-{{US$}}74 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]), and have ranked it either [[List of cities by GDP|fifth- or sixth- most productive metro area of India]].<ref name=gdp>{{cite web |title=Global city GDP 2014 |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/ |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] |date=22 January 2015 |access-date=4 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525113815/https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/ |archive-date=25 May 2017}}
* {{cite web |title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025 |url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |publisher=[[Pricewaterhouse Coopers|PwC]] |access-date=16 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |archive-date=4 May 2011}}
* {{cite web |title=Drinking water supply for urban poor: City of Hyderabad |url=http://www.safewaternetwork.org/sites/default/files/Safe%20Water%20Network_Hyderabad%20City%20Report.pdf |publisher=Safe Water Network |date=1 October 2016 |access-date=3 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201127/http://www.safewaternetwork.org/sites/default/files/Safe%20Water%20Network_Hyderabad%20City%20Report.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the [[gross domestic product]] (GDP), tax and other revenues, of Telangana, and the sixth largest deposit centre and fourth largest credit centre nationwide, as ranked by the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI) in June 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=India's 25 most competitive cities |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-25-most-competitive-cities/20101209.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=10 December 2010 |access-date=10 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211114607/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-25-most-competitive-cities/20101209.htm |archive-date=11 December 2010}}
* {{cite news |title=Civic infra bodies get a raw deal in budget |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Civic-infra-bodies-get-a-raw-deal-in-Budget/articleshow/11957060.cms?referral=PM |last=Jafri |first=Syed Amin |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 February 2012 |access-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910200408/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Civic-infra-bodies-get-a-raw-deal-in-Budget/articleshow/11957060.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> Its per capita annual income in 2011 was {{INR convert|44300}}.<ref name="TOI_Hyd_Economy" /> {{As of|2006}}, the largest employers in the city were the state government (113,098 employees) and central government (85,155).<ref>{{cite web |title=Employee census 2006 |url=http://www.apdes.ap.gov.in/Census%20&%20Surveys%202006/emp-2006/sec_wise.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226015719/http://www.apdes.ap.gov.in/Census%20%26%20Surveys%202006/emp-2006/sec_wise.htm |archive-date=26 December 2010 |publisher=Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh Government |year=2006 |access-date=17 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |title=Census of central government employees |url=http://www.dget.nic.in/publications/ccge/census2001.pdf |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5r4NgRobm?url=http://www.dget.nic.in/publications/ccge/census2001.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2010 |year=2003 |publisher=Ministry of Labour, Government of India |access-date=17 May 2010}}</ref> According to a 2005 survey, 77% of males and 19% of females in the city were employed.<ref name="delhi_gov">{{cite conference |title=National Seminar on N.S.S. 61st Round Results |contribution=Employment–unemployment situation in million plus cities of India |url=http://delhi.gov.in/DoIT/DES/Publication/paper61.pdf |publisher=[[Delhi Government]] |page=15 |first1=B. K. |last1=Sharma |first2=N. T. |last2=Krishna |date=October 2007 |access-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812091829/http://www.delhi.gov.in/DoIT/DES/Publication/paper61.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2011}}</ref> The [[service industry]] remains dominant in the city, and 90% of the employed workforce is engaged in this sector.<ref name="MIT">{{cite web |title=Country briefing:India–economy |url=http://globalhealth.mit.edu/india-economy/ |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |date=1 September 2010 |access-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517090452/http://globalhealth.mit.edu/india-economy/ |archive-date=17 May 2013}}</ref>

Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name "[[Hyderabad Pearls|City of Pearls]]" and up until the 18th century, the city was the only global trading centre for diamonds known as [[Golconda Diamonds]].<ref name="Waldemar Hansen" /><ref name="Saudi-aramco">{{cite web |title=City of Pearls |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199805/city.of.pearls.htm |work=[[Saudi Aramco]] |last=Werner |first=Louis |year=1998 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510030006/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199805/city.of.pearls.htm |archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="From pearls">{{cite book |title=Frommer's India |publisher=[[Wiley Publishing]] |page=403 |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-470-55610-8 |last1=de Bruyn |first1=Pippa |last2=Bain |first2=Keith |last3=Allardice |first3=David |last4=Joshi |first4=Shonar}}
* {{cite news |title=Hyderabad in NYT 2011 list of must see places |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hyderabad-in-NYT-2011-list-of-must-see-places/articleshow/7363573.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=26 January 2011 |access-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209082918/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hyderabad-in-NYT-2011-list-of-must-see-places/articleshow/7363573.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports.<ref name="Albion CX19">{{cite web |title=Other Albion CX19 |url=http://www.albioncx19project.org.uk/other_cx19s.htm |work=Albion CX19 restoration project |access-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422220423/http://www.albioncx19project.org.uk/other_cx19s.htm |archive-date=22 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Neelakantan">{{cite conference |title=Economy, population and urban sprawl |url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf |conference=Urban population, development and environment dynamics in developing countries |pages=7–19 |date=13 June 2007 |access-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519132559/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL), [[Nuclear Fuel Complex]] (NFC), [[National Mineral Development Corporation]] (NMDC), [[Bharat Electronics]] (BEL), [[Electronics Corporation of India Limited]] (ECIL), [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL), [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] (CCMB), [[Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics]] (CDFD), [[State Bank of Hyderabad]] (SBH) and [[Andhra Bank]] (AB)<ref name="Rao" /> were established in the city.<ref name="TOI_EcoGrow">{{cite news |title=Brand Hyderabad loss of gloss? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Brand-Hyderabad-loss-of-gloss/articleshow/10725855.cms?referral=PM |last=Bharadwaj Chand |first=Swati |newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 November 2011 |access-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911025354/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Brand-Hyderabad-loss-of-gloss/articleshow/10725855.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> The city is home to [[Hyderabad Stock Exchange|Hyderabad Securities]] formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE),<ref name="HSE-TOI">{{cite news |title=Sebi allows exit of Hyderabad stock exchange |url=http://www.livemint.com/Money/V10pI34CQWj6f6eAJDCkOL/Sebi-allows-exit-of-Hyderabad-stock-exchange.html |last=Laskar |first=Anirudh |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=26 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111044701/http://www.livemint.com/Money/V10pI34CQWj6f6eAJDCkOL/Sebi-allows-exit-of-Hyderabad-stock-exchange.html |archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> and houses the regional office of the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI).<ref name="SEBI-TOI">{{cite news |title=Sebi opens local office in the city |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Sebi-opens-local-office-in-the-city/articleshow/18689654.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=26 February 2013 |access-date=26 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910222059/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Sebi-opens-local-office-in-the-city/articleshow/18689654.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-[[Mumbai]] by the end of 2014.<ref name="BSE">{{cite news |title=Hyderabad realty sector looking up |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad-realty-sector-looking-up/article5387954.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 November 2013 |access-date=26 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127083807/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad-realty-sector-looking-up/article5387954.ece |archive-date=27 November 2013}}</ref> The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre.<ref name="Rao" /> Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.<ref name="Neelakantan" /> {{As of|2021}}, the IT exports from Hyderabad were {{INR}}1,45,522 crore ({{US$}}19.66 billion), the city houses 1500 IT and ITES companies that provide 628,615 jobs.<ref>{{cite news |title=IT exports grew 12.98% to ₹1.45 lakh cr. last fiscal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/it-exports-grew-1298-to-145-lakh-cr-last-fiscal/article34783417.ece |newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 June 2021}}
* {{cite web |title=Telangana IT exports grows 18% at ₹1.28 lakh crore in FY20 |date=21 May 2020 |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/infotech/telangana-it-exports-grows-18-at-rs-1-28-lakh-crore-in-fy20-11590060044912.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101211/https://www.livemint.com/industry/infotech/telangana-it-exports-grows-18-at-rs-1-28-lakh-crore-in-fy20-11590060044912.html |archive-date=8 March 2021}}
* {{cite news |title=Hyderabad overtakes Bengaluru in IT office space occupation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-overtakes-bengaluru-in-it-office-space-occupation/article29480100.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406194142/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-overtakes-bengaluru-in-it-office-space-occupation/article29480100.ece |archive-date=6 April 2021}}
* {{cite web |title=Hyderabad IT companies told to gradually ramp up operations |date=10 May 2020 |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/hyderabad-it-companies-told-to-gradually-ramp-up-operations-11589079377864.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308151341/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/hyderabad-it-companies-told-to-gradually-ramp-up-operations-11589079377864.html |archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>


Hyderabad's commercial markets are divided into four sectors: central business districts,<ref name="TOICBD&THCBD">{{cite news |title=Despite Telangana heat, city's information technology cup brimming over: report |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Despite-Telangana-heat-citys-Information-Technology-cup-brimming-over-Report/articleshow/13015756.cms?referral=PM |last=Bharadwaj-Chand |first=Swati |newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 May 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910230610/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Despite-Telangana-heat-citys-Information-Technology-cup-brimming-over-Report/articleshow/13015756.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}
* {{cite news |title=Will the real central hub stand up? |url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2005/07/23/stories/2005072300260100.htm |last=Mathew |first=Dennis Marcus |date=23 July 2005 |access-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234752/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2005/07/23/stories/2005072300260100.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> sub-central business centres, neighbourhood business centres and local business centres.<ref name="Peter Scott">{{cite book |title=Geography and retailing |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |pages=137–138 |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-202-30946-0 |last=Scott |first=Peter}}</ref> Many traditional and historic [[bazaar]]s are located throughout the city, Laad Bazaar being the prominent among all is popular for selling a variety of traditional and cultural antique wares, along with gems and pearls.<ref name="TheHindu_LB">{{cite news |title=Laad bazaar traders cry foul |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/22/stories/2008022257980200.htm |last=Kumar |first=Abhijit Dev |date=22 February 2008 |access-date=22 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226172413/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/22/stories/2008022257980200.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=26 February 2008}}
* {{cite book |title=The rough guide to south India |publisher=[[The Penguin Group]] |page=553 |year=1982 |isbn=978-1-84353-103-6 |last1=Abram |first1=David |last2=Edwards |first2=Nick |last3=Ford |first3=Mike}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Glory of the gates |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/10/stories/2004031000490300.htm |last=Venkateshwarlu |first=K. |date=10 March 2004 |access-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110141925/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/10/stories/2004031000490300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Laad Bazaar bridal ware shops view.jpg|thumb|left|Bridalwear shops in [[Laad Bazaar]], near the [[Charminar]]|alt=four men in traditional bridalwear shops in the market]]
The establishment of [[Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited]] (IDPL), a public sector undertaking, in 1961 was followed over the decades by many national and global companies opening manufacturing and research facilities in the city.<ref name="Kenneth&WB">{{cite book |title=The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places |publisher=Britannica educational publishing |page=188 |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-61530-202-4 |last=Pletcher |first=Kenneth}}
* {{cite journal |title=The pharmaceutical industry in India and Hungary |publisher=[[World Bank Publications]] |pages=9–10 |year=1997 |issn=0253-7494 |last1=Felker |first1=Greg |last2=Chaudhuri |first2=Shekhar |last3=György |first3=Katalin |journal=World and Regional Supply and Demand Balances for Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}, the city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of biotechnology products,<ref name="hyd pharma">{{cite web |title=Biotechnology and pharmaceutical opportunities in India |url=http://www.clustercollaboration.eu/documents/10147/101938/Biotechnology+and+Pharmaceutical+Opportunities+in+India.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202085111/http://www.clustercollaboration.eu/documents/10147/101938/Biotechnology%2Band%2BPharmaceutical%2BOpportunities%2Bin%2BIndia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 December 2012 |publisher=[[UK Trade & Investment]] |year=2010 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="biotech">{{cite web |title=Biotech industry India |url=http://www.ded.mo.gov/mostep/docs/main/indian-biotech-industry.pdf |publisher=Department of Information Technology, Biotechnology and Science & Technology, Government of Karnataka |year=2012 |access-date=4 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907101916/http://www.ded.mo.gov/mostep/docs/main/indian-biotech-industry.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2012}}</ref> contributing to its reputation as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and the "[[Genome Valley]] of India".<ref name="Gen Tgr hp">{{cite web |title=Hyderabad: India's genome valley |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/nov/30spec.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=30 November 2004 |access-date=13 June 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525063233/http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/nov/30spec.htm |archive-date=25 May 2011}}
* {{cite news |title=Hyderabad is a hot destination for Walsh |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/4339614/Hyderabad-is-a-hot-destination-for-Walsh.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=25 January 2009 |access-date=18 October 2011 |first=Alistair |last=Osborne |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423045405/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/4339614/Hyderabad-is-a-hot-destination-for-Walsh.html |archive-date=23 April 2012}}
* {{cite news |title=Job market booming overseas for many American companies |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/28/job-market-booming-overseas_n_801839.html |newspaper=[[Huffington Post]] |date=28 December 2010 |access-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825122948/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/28/job-market-booming-overseas_n_801839.html |archive-date=25 August 2011}}</ref> Hyderabad is a global centre of information technology, for which it is known as ''Cyberabad'' (Cyber City).<ref name="roy aih" /><ref name="toi chary" /> {{As of|2013}}, it contributed 15% of India's and 98% of Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors<ref name="toi-it">{{cite news |title=Special governance for Hyderabad needed for growth |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Special-governance-for-Hyderabad-needed-for-growth/articleshow/20753414.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 June 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910200409/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Special-governance-for-Hyderabad-needed-for-growth/articleshow/20753414.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> and 22% of [[NASSCOM]]'s total membership is from the city.<ref name="TOI_Hyd_Economy" /> The development of [[HITEC City]], a township with extensive technological infrastructure, prompted multinational companies to establish facilities in Hyderabad.<ref name="roy aih" /> The city is home to more than 1300 IT and ITES firms that provide employment for 407,000 individuals; the global conglomerates include [[Microsoft]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[Google]], [[IBM]], [[Yahoo!]], [[Oracle Corporation]], [[Dell]], [[Facebook]], [[CISCO]],<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1" />{{rp|3}}<ref name="goo bus">* {{cite news |title=The top five cities |url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/the-top-five-cities/0/4265.html |newspaper=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]] |date=27 August 2011 |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402035602/http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/the-top-five-cities/0/4265.html |archive-date=2 April 2012}}
* {{cite web |title=Our office locations |url=http://careers.microsoft.com/careers/en/in/offices.aspx |year=2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902080539/http://careers.microsoft.com/careers/en/in/offices.aspx |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=9 September 2011 |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}
* {{cite news |title=Presence of global IT boosts Hyderabad image |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/190117/presence-of-global-it-boosts-hyderabad-image.html |url-status=live |newspaper=Deccan chronicle |last=Suares |first=Coreena |date=19 January 2017 |access-date=3 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203164829/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/190117/presence-of-global-it-boosts-hyderabad-image.html |archive-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> and major Indian firms including [[Tech Mahindra]], [[Infosys]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]] (TCS), Polaris, [[Cyient]] and [[Wipro]].<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1" />{{rp|3}} In 2009 the [[World Bank Group]] ranked the city as the [[Ease of doing business index|second best Indian city for doing business]].<ref name="Doing Business">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/india/sub/hyderabad |title=Ease of doing business in Hyderabad – India (2009) |publisher=[[World Bank Group]] |access-date=8 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127135011/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/india/sub/hyderabad/ |archive-date=27 January 2011}}</ref> The city and its suburbs contain the highest number of [[special economic zone]]s of any Indian city.<ref name="TOI_Hyd_Economy">{{cite news |title=Heat on Hyderabad |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Heat-on-Hyderabad/articleshow/9191298.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live |last=Sivaramakrishnan |first=K.C. |newspaper=The Times of India |date=12 July 2011 |access-date=19 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910223603/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Heat-on-Hyderabad/articleshow/9191298.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref>

The [[Automotive industry in Hyderabad]] is also emerging and making it an automobile hub.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Telangana emerging as automobile hub |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/telangana-emerging-as-automobile-hub/article23247160.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |author= |date=14 March 2018 |access-date=27 June 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202843/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/telangana-emerging-as-automobile-hub/article23247160.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Automobile companies including as [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]], [[Hyderabad Allwyn]], [[Praga Tools]], [[HMT (company)|HMT Bearings]], [[Ordnance Factory Medak]], Deccan Auto and [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] have units in the Hyderabad economic zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Automobile |url=https://invest.telangana.gov.in/automobiles/ |work=[[Government of Telangana]] |year=2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628091446/https://invest.telangana.gov.in/automobiles/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]], [[Maruti Suzuki]] and [[Triton Energy]] will invest in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fiat Chrysler setting up $150 million global digital hub in Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/fiat-chrysler-setting-up-150-million-global-digital-hub-in-hyderabad/article33343983.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Kumar |first=N. Ravi |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=27 June 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231161912/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/fiat-chrysler-setting-up-150-million-global-digital-hub-in-hyderabad/article33343983.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Like the rest of India, Hyderabad has a large [[informal economy]] that employs 30% of the labour force.<ref name="GHMC_Slums" />{{rp|71}} According to a survey published in 2007, it had 40–50,000 [[Hawker (trade)|street vendors]], and their numbers were increasing.<ref name="wipper&Christoph">{{cite web |title=Urban street food vendors in the food provisioning system of Hyderabad |url=http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/36909/2/Megacity%20Report-4.pdf |last1=Wipper |first1=Marlis |last2=Dittrich |first2=Christoph |year=2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504154643/http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/36909/2/Megacity%20Report-4.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2013 |access-date=18 June 2012 |work=Analysis and action for sustainable development of Hyderabad |publisher=[[Humboldt University of Berlin]]}}</ref>{{rp|9}} Among the street vendors, 84% are male and 16% female,<ref name="Sharit&Debdulal">{{cite web |title=Street vending in ten cities in India |url=http://nasvinet.org/upload/NASVI_FINAL%20REPORT.pdf |publisher=[[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] |year=2012 |last1=Bhowmik |first1=Sharit K. |last2=Saha |first2=Debdulal |access-date=18 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105184331/http://nasvinet.org/upload/NASVI_FINAL%20REPORT.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref>{{rp|12}} and four fifths are "stationary vendors" operating from a fixed pitch, often with their own [[Market stall|stall]].<ref name="Sharit&Debdulal" />{{rp|15–16}} Most are financed through personal savings; only 8% borrow from moneylenders.<ref name="Sharit&Debdulal" />{{rp|19}} Vendor earnings vary from {{INR convert|50}} to {{INR convert|800}} per day.<ref name="wipper&Christoph" />{{rp|25}} Other unorganised economic sectors include dairy, poultry farming, brick manufacturing, casual labour and domestic help. Those involved in the informal economy constitute a major portion of urban poor.<ref name="GHMC_Slums" />{{rp|71}}<ref name="Kumar-Business Line">{{cite news |title=Hyderabad in UNESCO list for rich culinary heritage |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/hyderabad-in-unesco-list-for-rich-culinary-heritage/article29870823.ece |last=Kumar |first=V.Rishi |newspaper=Business Line |date=3 November 2019 |access-date=1 March 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406023824/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/hyderabad-in-unesco-list-for-rich-culinary-heritage/article29870823.ece |archive-date=6 April 2021}}</ref>

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Hyderabad}}
[[File:Macca view from Charminar.jpg|thumb|[[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makkah Masjid]] constructed during the [[Qutb Shah]]i and [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in Hyderabad|alt=Stone mosque]]
Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]]. After the [[Siege of Delhi|fall of Delhi in 1857]], the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the [[Indian subcontinent]], under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu.<ref name="TOI-culture">{{cite news |title=The courtesans of Hyderabad & Mehboob Ki Mehendi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/The-courtesans-of-Hyderabad-Mehboob-Ki-Mehendi/articleshow/17724790.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 December 2012 |access-date=4 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910204924/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/The-courtesans-of-Hyderabad-Mehboob-Ki-Mehendi/articleshow/17724790.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Court">{{cite book |title=The Nocturnal Court: The Life of a Prince of Hyderabad |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=xlii |year=2004 |last1=Jaisi |first1=sadiq |last2=Luther |first2=Narendra |isbn=978-0-19-566605-2}}</ref> This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a [[Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb|co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions]], for which the city has become noted.<ref name="NS&voyager">{{cite book |title=Hyderabad: an expat survival guide |publisher=Chillibreeze |page=9 |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-904055-5-3}}
* {{cite news |last=Mohammed |first=Syed |title=Hyderabad through the eyes of a voyager |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hyderabad-through-the-eyes-of-a-voyager/articleshow/9340561.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=24 July 2011 |access-date=27 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910211931/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hyderabad-through-the-eyes-of-a-voyager/articleshow/9340561.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Lynton1987">{{cite book |last=Lynton |first=Harriet Ronken |title=Days of the beloved |year=1987 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-0-86311-269-0}}</ref>{{rp|viii}} A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Urdu]] are official languages of Telangana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Languages |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/languages.html |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |year=2011 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208110254/http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/HIST-CULT/languages.html |archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref> The mixing of religions has resulted in many festivals being celebrated in Hyderabad such as [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Diwali]] and [[Bonalu]] of Hindu tradition and [[Eid ul-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]] by Muslims.<ref name="TOI_fest">{{cite news |title=Mosques in Hyderabad remain a picture of neglect |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Mosques-in-Hyderabad-remain-a-picture-of-neglect/articleshow/9561076.cms?referral=PM |last=Naseeruddin |first=Md |newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 August 2011 |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911023848/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Mosques-in-Hyderabad-remain-a-picture-of-neglect/articleshow/9561076.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref>

Traditional Hyderabadi garb reveals a mix of Muslim and Hindu influences with men wearing ''[[sherwani]]'' and ''[[kurta]]–[[paijama]]'' and women wearing ''[[khara dupatta]]'' and ''[[salwar kameez]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |title=Clothes make-over for men |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/03/21/stories/2002032100230100.htm |date=21 March 2002 |access-date=22 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127202917/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/03/21/stories/2002032100230100.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI_Culture">{{cite news |title=Changing trends in city's culture |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Changing-trends-in-citys-culture/articleshow/14738898.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 July 2012 |access-date=8 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911051150/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Changing-trends-in-citys-culture/articleshow/14738898.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Karen Leonard">{{cite book |last=Leonard |first=Karen Isaksen |title=Locating home: India's Hyderabadis abroad |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |pages=14 and 248–255 |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8047-5442-2}}</ref> Most Muslim women wear ''[[burqa]]'' and ''[[hijab]]'' outdoors.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Untold Charminar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ww3GYpMrwysC&pg=PT187 |publisher=Penguin |page=187 |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-8475-971-6 |first=Syeda |last=Imam |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083449/https://books.google.com/books?id=ww3GYpMrwysC&pg=PT187 |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to the traditional Hindu and Muslim garments, increasing exposure to western cultures has led to a rise in the wearing of [[Casual wear|western style clothing]] among youths.<ref>{{cite news |title=Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear |url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/23/stories/2009032350730400.htm |date=23 March 2009 |access-date=14 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234115/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/23/stories/2009032350730400.htm |archive-date=10 November 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Literature ===
In the past, [[Qutb Shah]]i rulers and [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi Nizams]] attracted artists, architects, and men of letters from different parts of the world through patronage. The resulting ethnic mix popularised cultural events such as ''[[mushaira]]s'' (poetic symposia), ''[[Qawwali]]'' (devotional songs) and ''[[Dholak ke Geet]]'' (traditional folk songs).<ref name="Int Mushaira">{{cite news |title=Anjuman Muhibban-e-Urdu to hold international mushaira |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/anjuman-muhibban-e-urdu-hold-international-mushaira |newspaper=The Siasat Daily |date=13 April 2012 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111041310/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/anjuman-muhibban-e-urdu-hold-international-mushaira |archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="qawwali">{{cite news |title=Wah! This Hyderabadi family has been carrying foward [sic] the legacy of qawwali for over 900 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/wah-this-hyderabadi-family-has-been-carrying-foward-the-legacy-of-qawwali-for-over-900-years/articleshow/59239321.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|last=Paul|first=Papri|date=21 June 2021|access-date=22 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Traditional Indian Forms of Deccani Poetry|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23340243|volume=53|pages=211–19|year=2009|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |jstor=23340243 |access-date=13 July 2022|via=JSTOR|last1=Panchal |first1=Parmanand |journal=Indian Literature |issue=5 (253) }}</ref> The Qutb Shahi dynasty particularly encouraged the growth of [[Deccani literature]] leading to works such as the ''[[Deccani Masnavi]]'' and ''[[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan poetry]]'', which are among the earliest available manuscripts in Urdu.<ref name="Masud">{{cite book |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=50–77 |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |last=Hussain Khan |first=Masud}}</ref> ''[[Lazzat Un Nisa]]'', a book compiled in the 15th century at Qutb Shahi courts, contains erotic paintings with diagrams for secret medicines and stimulants in the eastern form of ancient sexual arts.<ref name="Lizzat-un-nisa">{{cite book |title=Scent in the Islamic Garden: A Study of Deccani Urdu Literary Sources |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=40 |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-579334-5 |first=Ali Alber |last=Husain}}</ref> The reign of the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi Nizams]] saw many literary reforms and the introduction of Urdu as a language of court, administration and education.<ref name="Datta">{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian literature: Devraj to Jyoti, Volume 2 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=1260, 1746–1748 |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |last=Datta |first=Amaresh}}</ref> In 1824, a collection of Urdu ''[[Ghazal]]'' poetry, named ''Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa'', authored by [[Mah Laqa Bai]]—the first female Urdu poet to produce a Diwan—was published in Hyderabad.<ref name="Mah laqa bai">{{cite book |title=Women writing in India volume 1, 600 BC to the early twentieth century |publisher=[[The Feminist Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenwritinginin00thar/page/120 120]–122 |year=1991 |isbn=978-1-55861-027-9 |first1=Susie J. |last1=Tharu |first2=K. |last2=Lalita |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/womenwritinginin00thar}}</ref> Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual [[Hyderabad Literary Festival]], held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Celebrating creativity |url=http://www.hyderabadliteraryfestival.com/ |work=Hyderabad Literary Festival 2012 |year=2012 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419043414/http://www.hyderabadliteraryfestival.com/ |archive-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the [[Sahitya Akademi]], the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the [[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]], the Comparative Literature Association of India, and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad. Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891,<ref name="Asifia_library">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=T. Lalith |title=State central library to sport a grand look again |url=http://hindu.com/2005/08/06/stories/2005080615910300.htm |date=6 August 2005 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409172950/http://hindu.com/2005/08/06/stories/2005080615910300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=9 April 2012}}</ref> and other major libraries including the [[Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam]], the [[British Library, Hyderabad|British Library]] and the [[Sundarayya Vignana Kendram]].<ref name="dsal and sundarayya">{{cite web |title=The original Urdu research centre (URC) |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/bibliographic/urlc/urc.html |publisher=Digital South Asia Library |date=29 September 2009 |access-date=29 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727033037/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/bibliographic/urlc/urc.html |archive-date=27 July 2012}}
* {{cite web |title=The Urdu research centre, Hyderabad: a souvenir |url=http://www.sundarayya.org/pdf/BBC-URLC.pdf |work=[[Sundarayya Vignana Kendram]] |date=10 June 2004 |access-date=29 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110235124/http://www.sundarayya.org/pdf/BBC-URLC.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
{{Wide image| A typical charminar evening.jpg|680px|Evening view of the [[Charminar]] along with other [[Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India|heritage structures]] and [[List of bazaars in Hyderabad|bazaars]]}}

=== Music and films ===
[[File:Hyderabad, spazio culturale Ravindra Bharathi.jpg|thumb|[[Ravindra Bharati]], an auditorium named after [[Rabindranath Tagore]]|alt=A rectangular building]]
[[South Indian music]] and dances such as the [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam]] styles are popular in the Deccan region. As a result of their culture policies, [[North Indian music]] and dance gained popularity during the rule of the Mughals and Nizams,<ref name="Nigam&Bhatnagar">{{cite book |title=Romance of Hyderabad culture |page=44 |last1=Nigam |first1=Mohan Lal |last2=Bhatnagar |first2=Anupama |publisher=Deva Publication |year=1997 |oclc=644231278}}</ref> and it was also during their reign that it became a tradition among the nobility to associate themselves with [[tawaif]] (courtesans). These courtesans were revered as the epitome of etiquette and culture, and were appointed to teach singing, poetry, and classical dance to many children of the aristocracy.<ref name="rekha">{{cite journal |title=Women in the Hyderabad State in 19th and 20th centuries |url=http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=143 |last=Pande |first=Rekha |editor=Tiwari, Pushpa |journal=Journal of History and Social Sciences |year=2012 |issn=2229-5798 |access-date=6 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104122459/http://jhss.org/articleview.php?artid=143 |archive-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> This gave rise to certain styles of court music, dance and poetry. Besides [[Western culture|western]] and Indian popular music genres such as [[filmi]] music, the residents of Hyderabad play city-based ''[[marfa music]]'', ''Dholak ke Geet'' (household songs based on local [[folklore]]), and [[qawwali]], especially at weddings, festivals and other celebratory events.<ref name="thehindu_marfa">{{cite news |title=It's "teen maar" for marriages, festivals |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/23/stories/2008102358610200.htm |last=Kumar |first=Abhijit Dev |date=23 October 2008 |access-date=17 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129001233/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/23/stories/2008102358610200.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=29 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Dholak ke geet">{{cite book |title=Deccan Heritage |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-81-7371-285-2 |page=218 |last1=K Gupta |first1=Harsh |last2=Parasher Sen |first2=Aloka |last3=Balasubramanian |first3=Dorairajan |year=2000}}</ref> The state government organises the Golconda Music and Dance Festival, the Taramati Music Festival and the Premavathi Dance Festival to further encourage the development of music.<ref name="TOI and NYT_Culture">{{cite news |title=Doorway to culture in the name of Taramati |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Doorway-to-culture-in-the-name-of-Taramati/articleshow/387074.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=28 December 2003 |access-date=23 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912002257/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Doorway-to-culture-in-the-name-of-Taramati/articleshow/387074.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=12 September 2015}}
* {{cite news |title=36 hours in Hyderabad, India |last=Vora |first=Shivani |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/travel/36-hours-in-hyderabad-india.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 May 2012 |access-date=23 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515160316/http://www.nytimes.com//2012/05/13/travel/36-hours-in-hyderabad-india.html |archive-date=15 May 2012}}</ref>

Although the city is not particularly noted for theatre and drama,<ref name="TheHindu_Theatere">{{cite news |title=Theatre is catching up in Hyderabad |url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/01/19/stories/2009011950120100.htm |last=Kumar |first=S. Sandeep |date=19 January 2009 |access-date=23 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234122/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/01/19/stories/2009011950120100.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> the state government promotes theatre with multiple programmes and festivals<ref name="The Hindu_theater2">{{cite news |title=Verse drama feast |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041550400300.htm |last=Srihari |first=Gudipoodi |date=15 April 2011 |access-date=23 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110235229/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041550400300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh state film television and theater development corporation limited |url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/departments/general%20administration/a%20p%20state%20film,%20t%20v%20and%20theatre%20development%20corporation%20limited/forms/note%20on%20film%20development%20corporation%20as%20on%2031.3.2008.pdf |publisher=aponline.gov.in |date=31 March 2008 |access-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234232/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/departments/general%20administration/a%20p%20state%20film%2C%20t%20v%20and%20theatre%20development%20corporation%20limited/forms/note%20on%20film%20development%20corporation%20as%20on%2031.3.2008.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> in such venues as the [[Ravindra Bharati]], [[Shilpakala Vedika]], Lalithakala Thoranam and [[Lamakaan]]. Although not a purely music oriented event, [[Numaish]], a popular annual exhibition of local and national consumer products, does feature some musical performances.<ref name="siasat numaish">{{cite news |title=Exhibition named 'Numaish' at last |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/exhibition-named-%E2%80%98numaish%E2%80%99-last |newspaper=The Siasat Daily |date=20 December 2009 |access-date=17 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224081127/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/exhibition-named-%E2%80%98numaish%E2%80%99-last |archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref>

The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]]—{{As of|2021|lc=on}} it is the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film industry]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tollywood {{!}} ఆ విషయంలో బాలీవుడ్‌ను వెనక్కి నెట్టేసిన టాలీవుడ్.. |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/in-this-year-tollywood-surpassed-bollywood-with-collections-at-box-office-391576|newspaper=Namasthe Telangana|date=5 January 2022|access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> In the 1970s, [[Deccani language]] realist films by globally acclaimed [[Shyam Benegal]] started a movement of [[coming of age]] [[art film]]s in India, which came to be known as [[parallel cinema]].<ref name="cinema-in-Hyderabad">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT77|pages=172–173|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|publisher=Routledge |year=2014|isbn=9781315062549|access-date=15 September 2021}}
*{{cite web|title=Shyam Benegal's 'Ankur' and the beginning of a film movement|url=https://scroll.in/reel/823176/shyam-benegals-ankur-and-the-beginning-of-a-film-movement|last=Datta|first=Sangeeta|work=Scroll|date=14 December 2016|access-date=15 September 2021}}
*{{cite web|title=Shyam Benegal's Ankur was written as a story for college magazine|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shyam-benegals-ankur-was-written-as-a-story-for-college-magazine-629931|newspaper=[[New Delhi Television Ltd ]]|date=23 November 2012|access-date=15 September 2021}}
*{{cite news|title=Ankur (1974)|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/ankur-1974/article3918198.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|last=Salam|first=Zia Us|date=20 September 2012|access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> The [[Deccani film industry]] ("Dollywood") produces films in the local Hyderabadi dialect, which have gained regional popularity since 2005.<ref name="City_movies">{{cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |title=New breed of Hyderabadi stars |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/New-breed-of-Hyderabadi-stars/articleshow/8126745.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 May 2011 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911212052/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/New-breed-of-Hyderabadi-stars/articleshow/8126745.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> The city has hosted international film festivals such as the [[The Golden Elephant|International Children's Film Festival]] and the [[Hyderabad International Film Festival]].<ref name="IBN&TH">{{cite news |title=17th international children's film fest starts in Hyderabad |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/17th-childrens-film-fest-starts-in-hyderabad/202515-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=26 December 2011 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227010530/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/17th-childrens-film-fest-starts-in-hyderabad/202515-8-66.html |archive-date=27 February 2012}}
* {{cite news |last=K. |first=Sangeetha Devi |title=Fuelled by passion |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/15/stories/2007031500260100.htm |date=15 March 2007 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107033503/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/15/stories/2007031500260100.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> In 2005, ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' declared [[Ramoji Film City]] to be the world's largest film studio.<ref>{{cite book |title=Largest film studio |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-film-studio/ |publisher=Guinness World Records |date=1 January 2005 |access-date=22 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218024841/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-film-studio/ |archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Art and handicrafts ===
[[File:Water pipe base, Bidriware, Hyderabad, India.jpg|thumb|left|An 18th century Bidriware, water pipe base of [[Hookah]], displayed at the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]]|alt=Decorated metal vase]]

The region is well known for its Golconda and Hyderabad painting styles which are branches of [[Deccan painting]].<ref name="ccrtindia.gov.in">{{cite web |title=Miniature painting |url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/miniaturepainting.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318231813/http://ccrtindia.gov.in/miniaturepainting.htm |archive-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=[[Centre for Cultural Resources and Training]] |access-date=9 June 2012}}</ref> Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the [[Mysore painting|Vijayanagara paintings]] of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style.<ref name="1 Mark_Zebrowski and 2 Ralph and Lefèvre">{{cite book |title=Deccani painting |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=40–66 |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-85667-153-1 |last=Zebrowski |first=Mark}}
* {{cite book |title=National exhibition of works of art, at Leeds, 1868: official catalogue |publisher=The Executive Committee |pages=301–313 |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-165-04393-4 |last1=James |first1=Ralph |last2=Lefèvre |first2=L}}</ref> The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century under the Nizams. Highly influenced by [[Mughal painting]], this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes, and jewellery.<ref name="ccrtindia.gov.in" />

Although not a centre for handicrafts itself, the patronage of the arts by the Mughals and Nizams attracted artisans from the region to Hyderabad. Such crafts include: [[Wootz steel]], [[Silver Filigree of Karimnagar|Filigree work]], [[Bidriware]], a metalwork handicraft from neighbouring [[Karnataka]], which was popularised during the 18th century and has since been granted a [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)#Geographical Indications tags|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag under the auspices of the [[WTO]] act;<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila">{{cite book |title=The grove encyclopedia of Islamic art and architecture, volume 2 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=179 and 286 |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530991-1 |last1=Bloom |first1=Jonathan |last2=Blair |first2=Sheila}}</ref><ref name="Bidriware">{{cite news |title=Proving their mettle in metal craft |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Proving-their-mettle-in-metal-craft/articleshow/11332582.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911200450/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Proving-their-mettle-in-metal-craft/articleshow/11332582.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> and [[Zari]] and [[Zardozi]], embroidery works on textile that involve making elaborate designs using gold, silver and other metal threads.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Geographical indications journal no:49 |url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/journal/Journal_49.pdf |volume=1 |issue=49 |page=15 |journal=Government of India |year=2012 |access-date=16 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809220647/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/journal/Journal_49.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2013}}</ref> [[Chintz]]—a glazed [[calico]] textiles was originated in Golconda in 16th century.<ref>{{cite book |title=India: Cultural Patterns And Processes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACyNDwAAQBAJ |page=1 |last=Noble |first=Allen G. |isbn=978-0-429-72463-3 |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |access-date=23 June 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083419/https://books.google.com/books?id=ACyNDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Golconda Chintz: Manufacture and Trade in The 17th Century |volume=49 |year=1988 |last=Singh |first=Seema |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |pages=301–305 |jstor=44148394}}</ref> and another example of a handicraft drawn to Hyderabad is [[Kalamkari]], a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile that comes from cities in Andhra Pradesh. This craft is distinguished in having both a Hindu style, known as [[Srikalahasti]] and entirely done by hand, and an Islamic style, known as [[Machilipatnam]] which uses both hand and block techniques.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohammed |first=Syed |title=Kalamkari losing Islamic thread |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Kalamkari-losing-Islamic-thread/articleshow/11562051.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 January 2012 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911194938/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Kalamkari-losing-Islamic-thread/articleshow/11562051.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}
* {{cite book |title=Hyderabad state |publisher=Atlantic Publishers |page=42 |year=1991|orig-year=1909 |author=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series}}</ref> Examples of Hyderabad's arts and crafts are housed in various museums including the Salar Jung Museum (housing "one of the largest one-man-collections in the world"<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnership with the Salar Jung museum, Hyderabad |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/skills-sharing/world_collections_programme/salar_jung_museum.aspx |work=World collections programme |publisher=[[British Museum]] |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617002126/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/skills-sharing/world_collections_programme/salar_jung_museum.aspx |archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref>), the [[Telangana State Archaeology Museum]], the [[Nizam Museum]], the [[City Museum, Hyderabad|City Museum]] and the [[Birla Science Museum]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Muffakham Jah opens city museum |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2985506.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 March 2012 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316101124/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2985506.ece |archive-date=16 March 2012}}
* {{cite news |title=Here's a treasure trove |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kids/article2023279.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |first=Aparna |last=Menon |date=16 May 2011 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502041447/http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kids/article2023279.ece |archive-date=2 May 2012}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Hyderabadi cuisine}}

[[File:Hyderabadi biryani (406687573).jpg|thumb|[[Hyderabadi biryani]] along with other [[Hyderabadi cuisine]]|alt=Hyderabadi food]]

Hyderabadi cuisine comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and [[Lamb and mutton|meat]] dishes and the skilled use of various spices.<ref name="Elsa Hahne">{{cite book |title=You are where you eat: stories and recipes from the neighborhoods of New Orleans |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |pages=47–49 |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-57806-941-5 |last=Hahne |first=Elsa}}</ref> Hyderabad is listed by [[UNESCO]] as a [[City of Gastronomy|creative city of gastronomy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad figures in UNESCO list for rich culinary heritage |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-figures-in-unesco-list-for-rich-culinary-heritage/article29845839.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=1 November 2019 |access-date=1 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117230004/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-figures-in-unesco-list-for-rich-culinary-heritage/article29845839.ece |archive-date=17 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO designates 66 new Creative Cities |url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |date=30 October 2019 |access-date=7 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201210257/https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities |archive-date=1 February 2021}}</ref> [[Hyderabadi biryani|Hyderabadi ''biryani'']] and [[Hyderabadi haleem|Hyderabadi ''haleem'']], with their blend of [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]] and [[Arab cuisine]]s,<ref name="Sanjeev Kapoor" /> carry the national [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications tag]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabadi haleem now close to being patented |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/hyderabadi-haleem-now-close-to-being-patented-49064.html |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=2 September 2010 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204151143/http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/hyderabadi-haleem-now-close-to-being-patented-49064.html |archive-date=4 December 2011}}
* {{cite news |title=The original 'slow food' staple: a GI tag for the iconic Hyderabadi dish is reason to raise a toast |url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/09/10214526/The-original-8216slow-food.html?h=B |last=Roy |first=Amrita |newspaper=Mint (newspaper) |date=10 September 2010 |access-date=14 April 2012 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083442/https://www.livemint.com/2010/09/10214526/the-original-8216slow-food.html |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news |title=Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad news: legendary biryani now turns 'single' |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/18/stories/2005081817520200.htm |date=18 August 2005 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829060517/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/18/stories/2005081817520200.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=29 August 2012}}</ref> Hyderabadi cuisine is influenced to some extent by [[French cuisine|French]],<ref name="TNE">{{cite web|title=The french connection|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2020/dec/03/the-french-connection-2231070.html|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=3 December 2020|access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref> but more by Arabic, [[Turkish cuisine|Turkish]], [[Iranian cuisine|Iranian]] and native [[Telugu cuisine|Telugu]] and [[Marathwada]] cuisines.<ref name="Karen Leonard" /><ref name="Sanjeev Kapoor">{{cite book |title=Royal Hyderabadi cooking |publisher=Popular Prakashan |page=3 |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7991-373-4 |last=Kapoor |first=Sanjeev}}</ref> Popular native dishes include ''[[nihari]]'', ''[[chakna]]'', ''[[baghara baingan]]'' and the desserts ''[[qubani ka meetha]]'', ''[[double ka meetha]]'' and ''kaddu ki kheer'' (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).<ref name="Karen Leonard" /><ref>{{cite news |title=A plateful of culture |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-plateful-of-culture/article911611.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 November 2010 |access-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-plateful-of-culture/article911611.ece |archive-date=1 January 2016}}
* {{cite news |title=Times food guide 2012 reaches Hyderabad |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/Times-Food-Guide-2012-reaches-Hyderabad/articleshow/12005484.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2012 |access-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912075827/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/Times-Food-Guide-2012-reaches-Hyderabad/articleshow/12005484.cms |archive-date=12 September 2015}}</ref>

== Media ==
{{Main|Media in Hyderabad}}
One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, ''[[The Deccan Times]]'', was established in the 1780s.<ref>{{cite book |title=The history of Urdu press: a case study of Hyderabad |publisher=Classical Publishing |page=27 |year=1995 |oclc=246868337 |first=Khan |last=Masood Ali}}</ref> Major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are ''[[Eenadu]]'', ''[[Sakshi (magazine)|Sakshi]]'' and ''[[Namasthe Telangana]]'', while major English papers are ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'' and ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. The major Urdu papers include ''[[The Siasat Daily]]'', ''[[The Munsif Daily]]'' and ''[[Indian Etemaad|Etemaad]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magazine publishers of India |url=http://www.publishersglobal.com/directory/india/media/magazine-publishers/1/ |page=1 |publisher=Publishers Global |access-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218063342/http://www.publishersglobal.com/directory/india/media/magazine-publishers/1 |archive-date=18 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad Urdu papers launch campaign for simple weddings |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/hyderabad-urdu-papers-launch-campaign-for-simple-weddings/1043888/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=12 December 2012 |access-date=1 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/hyderabad-urdu-papers-launch-campaign-for-simple-weddings/1043888/ |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> The Secunderabad Cantonment Board established the first radio station in Hyderabad State around 1919. [[Deccan Radio (Nizam Radio 1932)|Deccan Radio]] was the first radio public broadcast station in the city starting on 3 February 1935,<ref name="Wavescan">{{cite web |title=The long and interesting story of all India Radio, Hyderabad – part 1 |url=http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan100815.html |work=ontheshortwaves.com |date=15 August 2010 |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052736/http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan100815.html |archive-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> with [[FM broadcasting]] beginning in 2000.<ref name="CIA_India">{{cite web |title=South Asia: India |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/ |work=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |date=12 April 2012 |access-date=22 May 2012 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318202107/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india |url-status=live}}</ref> The available channels in Hyderabad include [[All India Radio]], [[Radio Mirchi]], [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]], [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]], [[BIG FM 92.7|Big FM]] and [[Fever 104 FM|Fever FM]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Radio stations in Andhra Pradesh, India |url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india/andhra-pradesh-radio.htm#hyderabad-radio |work=asiawaves.net |access-date=18 September 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927015040/http://www.asiawaves.net/india/andhra-pradesh-radio.htm#hyderabad-radio |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>

Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of ''[[Doordarshan]]'', the government of India's [[Public broadcasting|public service broadcaster]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Kendra's origin |url=http://www.ddsaptagiri.tv/kendrasOrigin.html |publisher=Doordarshan Kendra Hyderabad |year=2008 |access-date=7 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106005016/http://www.ddsaptagiri.tv/kendrasOrigin.html |archive-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> which transmits two [[free-to-air]] terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel. Private satellite channels started in July 1992 with the launch of [[STAR (India)|Star TV]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Invasion from the skies: the impact of foreign television in India |first=Usha |last=Manchanda |journal=Australian Studies in Journalism |volume=7 |year=1998 |page=146}}</ref> Satellite TV channels are accessible via [[Cable television|cable subscription]], [[direct-broadcast satellite]] services or [[IPTV|internet-based television]].<ref name="CIA_India" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Consolidated list of channels allowed to be carried by cable operators/ multi system operators/ DTH licensees in India |url=http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905131430/http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2012 |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]] |access-date=13 May 2012}}</ref> Hyderabad's first dial-up internet access became available in the early 1990s and was limited to software development companies.<ref name="Fortner and Fackler">{{cite book |title=The handbook of global communication and media ethics |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4051-8812-8 |last1=Fortner |first1=Robert.S |last2=Fackler |first2=P. Mark}}</ref> The first public internet access service began in 1995, with the first private sector [[internet service provider]] (ISP) starting operations in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Information and communication technologies throughout the world |url=http://www.unesco.org/webworld/wcir/en/pdf_report/chap15.pdf |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |page=210 |year=1998 |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005120335/http://www.unesco.org/webworld/wcir/en/pdf_report/chap15.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> In 2015, high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad begins rollout of public WiFi |url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/NrFl3eM6vrzzk9WEYcPQUN/Hyderabad-begins-rollout-of-public-WiFi.html |newspaper=Livemint |date=16 April 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418182728/http://www.livemint.com/Industry/NrFl3eM6vrzzk9WEYcPQUN/Hyderabad-begins-rollout-of-public-WiFi.html |archive-date=18 April 2015}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{Main|Education in Hyderabad}}

[[File:Osmania College of Arts and Social.jpg|thumb|left|[[Osmania University]] College of Arts|alt=Large pink granite building]]
Public and [[Public school (India)|private schools]] in Hyderabad are governed by the [[Board of Secondary Education, Telangana]] or [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], depending on the affiliation and follow a [[Education in India#10+2+3 pattern|"10+2+3" plan]]. About two-thirds of pupils attend privately run institutions.<ref name="TNYT_School">{{cite news |title=Many of India's poor turn to private schools |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html |last1=Bajaj |first1=Vikas |last2=Yardley |first2=Jim |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 December 2011 |access-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401181603/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html |archive-date=1 April 2012}}</ref> Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Centre extends 40-cr aid to Urdu schools |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Centre-extends-40-cr-aid-to-Urdu-schools/articleshow/2211395.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 February 2002 |access-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911190425/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Centre-extends-40-cr-aid-to-Urdu-schools/articleshow/2211395.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> Depending on the institution, students are required to sit the [[Secondary School Certificate]]<ref name="ssc">{{cite news |title=SSC results: girls score higher percentage |date=22 May 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=9 September 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234109/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> or the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]]. After completing secondary education, students enroll in schools or junior colleges with higher secondary facilities. Admission to professional graduation colleges in Hyderabad, many of which are affiliated with either [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad]] (JNTUH) or Osmania University (OU), is through the [[Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test]] (EAM-CET).<ref name="ouwebsite">{{cite web |title=Vice chancellor's speech about Osmania university |url=http://www.osmania.ac.in/AboutUsVCSpeech.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112105013/http://www.osmania.ac.in/AboutUsVCSpeech.htm |archive-date=12 November 2007 |publisher=Osmania University |access-date=15 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EAMCET 2013 |url=http://www.apeamcet.org/pdfs/AMBOOKLET.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701081320/http://www.apeamcet.org/pdfs/AMBOOKLET.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2014 |publisher=Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education |year=2013 |access-date=10 August 2013}}</ref>

There are 13 universities in Hyderabad: two private universities, two [[deemed universities]], six state universities, and three [[Central University, India|central universities]]. The central universities are the [[University of Hyderabad]] (Hyderabad Central University, HCU),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/pub/annualreport/annualreport_0506.pdf |title=Annual report 2005–2006 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)]] |pages=195–217 |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020032352/http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/pub/annualreport/annualreport_0506.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref> [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] and the [[English and Foreign Languages University]].<ref name="central_univ">{{cite web |title=Central universities |url=http://mhrd.gov.in/central-universities |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India |access-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009011555/http://www.mhrd.gov.in/central-universities |archive-date=9 October 2014}}</ref> [[Osmania University]], established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and {{as of|2012|lc=y}} is India's second most popular institution for international students.<ref name="IBN_Edu">{{cite news |title=OU to hike fee for foreign students |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ou-to-hike-fee-for-foreign-students/243697-60-121.html |last=Reddy |first=T. Karnakar |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=30 March 2012 |access-date=2 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421024041/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ou-to-hike-fee-for-foreign-students/243697-60-121.html |archive-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University]], established in 1982, is the first distance-learning [[open university]] in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Distance no bar |url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2005/08/22/stories/2005082200020100.htm |last=Reddy |first=R. Ravikanth |date=22 August 2005 |access-date=3 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208001541/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2005/08/22/stories/2005082200020100.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref>

Hyderabad is home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals,<ref name="rediff">{{cite news |title=Hyderabad: India's Genome Valley |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/nov/30spec.htm |last=Iype |first=George |work=Rediff.com |date=30 November 2004 |access-date=3 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019113823/http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/nov/30spec.htm |archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref> such as the [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad|National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research]] (NIPER) and [[National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad|National Institute of Nutrition]] (NIN).<ref>{{cite news |title=A fillip to pharma sector |url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/09/21/stories/2009092151160300.htm |access-date=3 January 2011 |date=21 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060245/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/09/21/stories/2009092151160300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=23 October 2013}}</ref> Hyderabad has five major medical schools—[[Osmania Medical College]], [[Gandhi Medical College]], [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Deccan College of Medical Sciences]] and [[Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of colleges teaching MBBS |url=http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/ForStudents/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx |publisher=[[Medical Council of India]] |year=2010 |access-date=3 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607111811/http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/ForStudents/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx |archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref>—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. An [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] has been sanctioned in the outskirts of Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2018/dec/18/cabinet-gives-nod-for-setting-up-aiims-at-bibinagar-1913062.html |title=Cabinet gives nod for setting up AIIMS at Bibinagar in Telangana |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=11 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182344/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2018/dec/18/cabinet-gives-nod-for-setting-up-aiims-at-bibinagar-1913062.html |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Government Nizamia Tibbi College]] is a college of [[Unani medicine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Blow to students as Unani PG seats slashed |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Blow-to-students-as-Unani-PG-seats-slashed/articleshow/15410989.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 August 2012 |access-date=3 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911220606/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Blow-to-students-as-Unani-PG-seats-slashed/articleshow/15410989.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the [[Indian Heart Association]], a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.<ref>[http://indianheartassociation.org/ Indian Heart Association Webpage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703040111/http://indianheartassociation.org/ |date=3 July 2017 }}. Retrieved 30 April 2015.</ref>

Institutes in Hyderabad include the [[National Institute of Rural Development]], [[National Law Universities|NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad]] (NLU), the [[Indian School of Business]], the [[National Geophysical Research Institute]], the [[Institute of Public Enterprise]], the [[Administrative Staff College of India]] and the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]]. Technical and engineering schools include the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]] (IIITH), [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad]] (BITS Hyderabad), [[Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management Hyderabad Campus]] (GITAM Hyderabad Campus), and [[Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad]] (IIT-H) as well as [[agricultural engineering]] institutes such as the [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] (ICRISAT) and the [[Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University]]. Hyderabad also has schools of fashion design including Raffles Millennium International, [[NIFT Hyderabad]] and [[Wigan and Leigh College, India|Wigan and Leigh College]]. The National Institute of Design, Hyderabad (NID-H), will offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses from 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fashion and Textile Design Institutes |url=http://www.designinindia.net/everywhere/disciplines/fashion-textile-design/institutions/schools-india.html |publisher=Design in India |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809072055/http://www.designinindia.net/everywhere/disciplines/fashion-textile-design/institutions/schools-india.html |archive-date=9 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anand Sharma lays foundation for National Institute of Design, Hyderabad |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Anand-Sharma-lays-foundation-for-National-Institute-of-Design-Hyderabad/articleshow/20264059.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 May 2011 |access-date=11 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527023718/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Anand-Sharma-lays-foundation-for-National-Institute-of-Design-Hyderabad/articleshow/20264059.cms |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{clear left}}

== Sports ==
{{See also|Sports in Hyderabad}}
[[File:Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal.jpg|thumb|The [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]]]]
At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 [[National Games of India]], the [[2003 Afro-Asian Games]], the [[2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open]] women's tennis tournament, the [[2007 Military World Games]], the [[2009 World Badminton Championships]] and the 2009 [[IBSF World Snooker Championship]]. The city hosts a number of venues suitable for professional competition such as the [[Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex]] for [[field hockey]], the [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium]] in [[Gachibowli]] for athletics and football,<ref>{{cite news |title=Synthetic track at GMC Balayogi stadium will be protected:SAAP |url=http://hindu.com/2005/12/15/stories/2005121505350200.htm |date=15 December 2005 |access-date=9 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005005858/http://hindu.com/2005/12/15/stories/2005121505350200.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=5 October 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=Balayogi athletic stadium |url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/india/hyderabad_balayogi.shtml |work=World stadiums |access-date=7 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104063053/http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/india/hyderabad_balayogi.shtml |archive-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> and for cricket, the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], home ground of the [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stadiums in India |url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml |publisher=World Stadium |access-date=22 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924095432/http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml |archive-date=24 September 2011}}</ref> Hyderabad has hosted many international cricket matches, including matches in the 1987 and the 1996 [[ICC Cricket World Cup]]s. The [[Hyderabad cricket team]] represents the city in the [[Ranji Trophy]]—a [[first-class cricket]] tournament among India's states and cities. Hyderabad is home to the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) franchise [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], champion of [[2016 Indian Premier League]]. Previous franchise [[Deccan Chargers]] was the champion of [[2009 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Last in 2008, toppers this year: Deccan script IPL fairytale |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/last-in-2008-toppers-this-year-deccan-scri/465138/ |work=The Indian Express |date=24 May 2009 |access-date=30 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/last-in-2008-toppers-this-year-deccan-scri/465138/ |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> The new professional [[Association football|football]] club of the city [[Hyderabad FC]] competes in [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) and was the champions of [[2021-22 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The coronation of the Nizams | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/isl-2021-2022-hyderabad-fc-beats-kerala-blasters-to-win-title/article38463166.ece |magazine=[[Sportstar]] | last=Bhattacharjee |first=Neeladri |date=29 March 2022 | access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref>

During British rule, Secunderabad became a well-known sporting centre and many race courses, parade grounds and [[polo]] fields were built.<ref name="Prasad1986">{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Dharmendra |title=Social and cultural geography of Hyderabad city: a historical perspective |year=1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0045-1}}</ref>{{rp|18}} Many elite clubs formed by the Nizams and the British such as the [[Secunderabad Club]], the [[Nizam Club]] and the [[Hyderabad Race Club]], which is known for its horse racing<ref>{{cite news |title=Race course slows traffic in Malakpet |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Race-Course-slows-traffic-in-Malakpet/articleshow/538514.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=5 March 2004 |access-date=5 March 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911222113/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Race-Course-slows-traffic-in-Malakpet/articleshow/538514.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> especially the annual Deccan derby, still exist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Starsky claims The Hindu Deccan Derby |url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/10/03/stories/07030879.htm |date=3 October 2001 |access-date=30 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234318/http://www.hindu.com/2001/10/03/stories/07030879.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> In more recent times, motorsports has become popular with the Andhra Pradesh Motor Sports Club organising popular events such as the Deccan {{frac|4}} Mile Drag,<ref>{{cite news |title=Excitement unlimited at drag race |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/14/stories/2009121459890400.htm |date=14 December 2009 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308151417/http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/14/stories/2009121459890400.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=8 March 2012}}</ref> [[Regularity rally|TSD Rallies]] and 4x4 off-road rallying.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gokak racer wins off-road rally in Mumbai |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3652088.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111000251/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3652088.ece |archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> The [[2023 Hyderabad ePrix]], at the [[Hyderabad Street Circuit]], was the first [[Formula E|FIA Formula E World Championship]] race in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikdar |first=S |date=11 February 2023 |title=Jean-Eric Vergne wins first E-Prix held in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/jeaneric-vergne-wins-first-e-prix-held-in-india-101676127530934.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409205114/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/jeaneric-vergne-wins-first-e-prix-held-in-india-101676127530934.html |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{Main|Transport in Hyderabad}}
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2/1
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| align = left
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| image1 = Stadium metro railway station, Hyderabad.jpg
| caption1 = [[Stadium metro station]], [[Hyderabad Metro]].
| image2 = Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station, Hyderabad - 1.jpg
| caption2 = An early morning scene at [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]] (MGBS).
}}
{{As of|2018}}, the most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Hyderabad include government-owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and [[auto rickshaw]]s. These altogether serve 3.5 million passengers daily. Bus services operate from the [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]] in the city centre with a fleet of 3800 buses serving 3.3 million passengers.<ref name="transport">{{cite news |title=1,200 new vehicles a day choke Hyderabad roads |url=https://telanganatoday.com/1200-new-vehicles-a-day-choke-hyderabad-roads |newspaper=Telangana Today |last=Baski |first=Sunny |date=13 January 2019 |access-date=14 January 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153418/https://telanganatoday.com/1200-new-vehicles-a-day-choke-hyderabad-roads |archive-date=14 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chaos reigns supreme at MGBS |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2562114.ece |date=22 October 2011 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023115053/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2562114.ece |archive-date=23 October 2011}}</ref>

[[Hyderabad Metro]]—(a light-rail [[rapid transit]] system) was inaugurated in November 2017. {{As of|2020}} it is a 3 track network spread upon {{cvt|69.2|km|0}} with 57 stations, it is the second-largest metro rail network in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-metro-rail-is-now-second-largest-metro-network-in-country/article25029210.ece |title=Hyderabad Metro Rail is now second largest metro network in country |last=Geetanath |first=V. |date=24 September 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 January 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109083715/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-metro-rail-is-now-second-largest-metro-network-in-country/article25029210.ece |archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad Metro Rail becomes second largest metro network in India. |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/infrastructure/hyderabad-metro-rail-becomes-second-largest-metro-network-in-india-see-photos-11581095057705.html |newspaper=Livemint |date=7 February 2020 |access-date=3 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118013856/https://www.livemint.com/industry/infrastructure/hyderabad-metro-rail-becomes-second-largest-metro-network-in-india-see-photos-11581095057705.html |archive-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> Hyderabad's [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS)]], is a three-line suburban rail service with 121 services carrying 180,000 passengers daily.<ref name="transport" /> Complementing these government services are minibus routes operated by [[Setwin]] (Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities).<ref>{{cite news |title=SETWIN buses back on roads |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/04/stories/2006090419800300.htm |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=28 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602232830/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/04/stories/2006090419800300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> Intercity rail services operate from Hyderabad; the main, and largest, station is [[Secunderabad Railway Station|Secunderabad railway station]], which serves as [[Indian Railways]]' [[South Central Railway zone]] headquarters and a hub for both buses and MMTS light rail services connecting Secunderabad and Hyderabad. Other major railway stations in Hyderabad are {{Stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}}, {{Stnlnk|Kacheguda}}, {{Stnlnk|Begumpet}}, {{Stnlnk|Malkajgiri}} and {{Stnlnk|Lingampalli}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,283 |publisher=[[Indian Railways]] |access-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223043/http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1%2C283 |archive-date=8 January 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Begumpet main road from Metro station.jpg|right|thumb| A scene from the street of Hyderabad shows—Public transport busses operated by [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation|TSRTC]], [[Auto rickshaw]], private cars and bikes, on the right—[[Traffic congestion]] over the [[Begumpet|Begumpet Flyover bridge]].]]
{{As of|2018}}, there are over 5.3 million vehicles operating in the city, of which 4.3 million are two-wheelers and 1.04 million four-wheelers.<ref name="transport" /> The large number of vehicles coupled with relatively low road coverage—roads occupy only 9.5% of the total city area<ref name="Wba ci rep" />{{rp|79}}—has led to widespread traffic congestion<ref>{{cite web |title=Pre-feasibility study for bus rapid transit |url=http://www.itdp.org/documents/Hyderabad_BRT.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508075537/http://www.itdp.org/documents/Hyderabad_BRT.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2012 |publisher=[[Institute for Transportation and Development Policy]] |date=March 2005 |access-date=11 September 2012}} pp. 2–3</ref> especially since 80% of passengers and 60% of freight are transported by road.<ref>{{cite web |title=Co-benefits from transportation sector: A case study-Hyderabad, India |url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/18360745/Co-benefits-from-transportation-sector-A-case-study-Hyderabad-India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110214814/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/18360745/Co-benefits-from-transportation-sector-A-case-study-Hyderabad-India |archive-date=10 November 2013 |publisher=Institute for Global Environmental Strategies |format=PDF |last=Ramani |first=K.V. |date=22 April 2008 |access-date=14 May 2013}}</ref>{{rp|3}} The Inner Ring Road, the [[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad|Outer Ring Road]], the [[Elevated Expressways in Hyderabad#P.V. Narasimha Rao Elevated Expressway|Hyderabad Elevated Expressway]], the longest flyover in India,<ref>{{cite news |title=India's longest flyover opens |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/india-s-longest-flyover-opens/530789/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=20 October 2009 |access-date=15 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208155905/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/india-s-longest-flyover-opens/530789 |archive-date=8 February 2014}}</ref> and various [[Interchange (road)|interchanges]], overpasses and underpasses were built to ease congestion. Maximum speed limits within the city are {{cvt|50|km/h|mph|0}} for two-wheelers and cars, {{cvt|35|km/h|mph|0}} for auto rickshaws and {{cvt|40|km/h|mph|0}} for [[light commercial vehicle]]s and buses.<ref>{{cite news |title=Speed limits fixed for vehicles on city roads |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm |date=10 January 2010 |access-date=25 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918131728/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=18 September 2011}}</ref>

Hyderabad sits at the junction of three [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] linking it to six other states: [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH-44]] runs {{cvt|3963|km|0}} from [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], in the north to [[Kanyakumari]], [[Tamil Nadu]], in the south; [[National Highway 65 (India)|NH-65]], runs {{cvt|841|km|0}} east-west between Machilipatnam, [[Andhra Pradesh]] connects Hyderabad and [[Suryapet]] with [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]; {{cvt|334|km|0|adj=on}} [[National Highway 163 (India)|NH-163]] links Hyderabad and [[Bhopalpatnam]], [[Chhattisgarh]]; {{cvt|270|km|0|adj=on}} [[National Highway 765 (India)|NH-765]] links Hyderabad to [[Srisailam]], Andhra Pradesh. Five state highways, {{cvt|225|km|0|adj=on}} [[State Highway 1 (Telangana)|SH-1]] links Hyderabad, to [[Ramagundam]], SH-2, SH-4, and SH-6, either start from, or pass through, Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Municipal infrastructure |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/downloads/chapter%204.pdf |publisher=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |access-date=6 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903112131/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/downloads/chapter%204.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2013}}</ref>{{rp|58}}

Air traffic was previously handled via [[Begumpet Airport]] established in 1930, but this was replaced by [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] (RGIA) {{airport codes|HYD|VOHS}} in 2008,<ref>{{cite news |title=A hub beginning to take roots |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2010/03/03/stories/2010030353660400.htm |last=Kurmanath |first=K.V |newspaper=Business Line |date=3 March 2010 |access-date=9 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110214905/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2010/03/03/stories/2010030353660400.htm |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> capable of handling 25 million passengers and 150,000 metric-tonnes of cargo per annum. In 2020, [[Airports Council International]], an autonomous body representing the world's airports, judged RGIA the Best Airport in Environment and Ambience and the Best Airport by Size and Region in the {{nowrap|15-25 million}} passenger category.<ref>{{cite news |title=RGIA is sixth busiest airport in country |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/rgia-is-sixth-busiest-airport-in-country/article30446704.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=1 January 2020 |access-date=11 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226033442/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/rgia-is-sixth-busiest-airport-in-country/article30446704.ece |archive-date=26 February 2021}}
* {{cite news |title=Honour for Hyderabad international airport |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/honour-for-hyderabad-international-airport/article31025242.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 March 2020 |access-date=10 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227090601/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/honour-for-hyderabad-international-airport/article31025242.ece |archive-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of flyovers and under-passes in Hyderabad]]
* [[List of people from Hyderabad]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Hyderabad]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Notelist-ua}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited references ==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
* {{Cite book |first=G. Durga |last=Prasad |title=History of the Andhras up to 1565 A.D. |publisher=P.G. Publishers |location=Guntur |year=1988 |url=http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Prasad, History of the Andhras|1988}} |access-date=1 June 2016 |archive-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705212933/http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Sardar |first=Marika |title=Golconda through Time: A Mirror of the Evolving Deccan |type=PhD thesis |publisher=New York University |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-549-10119-2 |ref={{sfnref|Sardar, Golconda through Time|2007}}}}
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Akbar S. |date=July 1985 |title=Muslim society in South India: the case of Hyderabad |journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=317–331 |doi=10.1080/13602008508715945}}
* {{Cite book |last=Austin |first=Ian |title=City of Legends: The Story of Hyderabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zY1uAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-670-84724-2 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=zY1uAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Husain |first=M. Burhan |title=Hyderabad, 400 Years of Science & Technology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yAxHAQAAIAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=Al-Kitab Publishers |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=yAxHAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |title=Hyderabad, After the Fall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0ovAAAAMAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=Hyderabad Historical Society, South Asia Books |isbn=978-0-930811-02-0 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=M0ovAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |title=Romance of the Golconda Diamonds |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCTDQgAACAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=Mapin Publishing |isbn=978-1-890206-10-9 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=KCTDQgAACAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Krishnan |first=Usha Ramamrutham Bala |title=Jewels of the Nizams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cT_rAAAAMAAJ |year=2001 |publisher=Department of Culture, Government of India, India Book House |isbn=978-81-85832-15-9 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=cT_rAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Law |first=John |title=Modern Hyderabad: Deccan (1914) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O6-qcQAACAAJ |year=2010 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-1-164-08734-2 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=O6-qcQAACAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Luther |first=Narendra |title=Hyderabad: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDluAAAAMAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567535-1 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDluAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Naidu |first=Ratna |title=Old Cities, New Predicament : A Study Of Hyderabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdUPAQAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-7036-202-9 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=BdUPAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pernau |first1=Margrit |title=The Passing of Patrimonialism: Politics and Political Culture in Hyderabad, 1911–1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnJuAAAAMAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Manohar Publication |isbn=978-81-7304-362-8 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=jnJuAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Dharmendra |title=Social and Cultural Geography of Hyderabad City: A Historical Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDtuAAAAMAAJ |date=1 January 1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0045-1 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224337/https://books.google.com/books?id=dDtuAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |title=A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=192 |isbn=978-0-19-560686-7 |last=Sastri |first=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta |year=1976}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==


* [http://oar.icrisat.org/866/1/RA_00105.pdf A guide to Hyderabad]
* {{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/Andhra_Pradesh/Localities/Hyderabad/}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hyderabad
|North = [[Maharashtra]]
|East = [[Chhattisgarh]] [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|South = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|West = [[Karnataka]]
}}
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Pia Rebello Britto

2023-10-08T21:27:35Z

Bollywoodreporter471:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|image = File:Pia Rebello Britto Speaking.jpg
|caption= Photo of Pia Rebello Britto speaking at an event, Yale 2014.
}}
'''Pia Rebello Britto''' (born 7 May 1966) is an Indian academic and development professional. She is the global chief of early childhood development at [[UNICEF]].

Britto joined [[UNICEF]] in 2013. She was responsible for bringing neuroscience to inform global policies, and spearheaded the push to add early childhood development as another sustainable development goal. Britto has worked toward creating a global movement for early childhood development.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britto |first=Pia Rebello |date=September 2011 |title=Global Battleground or School Playground: The Bullying of America’s Muslim Children |url=https://www.ispu.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2011_ISPU_Policy_Brief__49_Britto_WEB.pdf |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=[[Institute for Social Policy and Understanding]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-02 |title=Britto, P.R. (August 2008). "Who Am I? Ethnic Identity Formation of Arab Muslim Children in Contemporary U.S. Society". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent |url=https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(08)60051-9/pdf |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Laos News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2020, Britto receive the [[Order of Development]] Second Class from Laos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-26 |title=UNICEF awarded 2nd Class Medal of Development |url=https://kpl.gov.la/detail.aspx?id=55524 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Laos News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Publications==
* ''Britto, P.R.; Engle, P.L; Super, C.M. Handbook of Early Childhood Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.'' [[New York City|New York]], 2013, {{ISBN|9780199922994}}<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/pages/op-migration-welcome Migration Welcome, Academic Oup]. academic.oup (April 2016).</ref>
* ''Britto, P.R.; Kagan, S.L. (2010). "Global status of early learning and development standards". In Penelope Peterson; Eva Baker; Barry McGaw. International Encyclopedia of Education. Volume 2. .'' [[Oxford]]: Elsevier. pp. 138–143.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.unicef.org UNICEF]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Britto, Pia Rebello}}{{India-bio-stub}}
[[Category:UNICEF people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women]]

Priyamudan Priya

2023-10-04T13:40:49Z

Bollywoodreporter471:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Priyamudan Priya
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = A. J. Sujith
| writer = A. J. Sujith
| producer = A. J. Sujith A. Banu
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan|Ashok Kumar]]
*[[Leesha Eclairs]]
*[[Suresh (actor)|Suresh]]
}}
| cinematography = Sha
| editing = Idris K.
| music = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| studio = Golden Glory Movies
| distributor = Nimo Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|08|05}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Priyamudan Priya''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and produced by A. J. Sujith and starring [[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan|Ashok Kumar]] and [[Leesha Eclairs]] in the lead roles. The film was released on 5 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/priyamudan-priya-official-teaser/videoshow/102376104.cms|title=Priyamudan Priya |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

The film garnered attention for being the 100th film that music composer [[Srikanth Deva]] worked on.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-cinemadetail/srikanth-deva-s-100th-movie-priyamudan-priya-audio-launch-event-8999.html|title=இசையமைப்பாளர் ஸ்ரீகாந்த் தேவாவின் 100 வது படமாக உருவாகியுள்ள ‘பிரியமுடன் ப்ரியா’!|first=இசையமைப்பாளர் ஸ்ரீகாந்த் தேவாவின் 100 வது படமாக உருவாகியுள்ள ‘பிரியமுடன்|last=ப்ரியா’!|website=www.cinemainbox.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan|Ashok Kumar]] as Markendeya
*[[Leesha Eclairs]] as Priya
*[[Suresh (actor)|Suresh]]
*[[Thalaivasal Vijay]]
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
*[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
*Baby Vedhika
*Baby Meera
*Vaibhavi Joshi

==Production==
The film began production in September 2013, with a photoshoot held with [[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan|Ashok Kumar]] and [[Rashmi Gautam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/tamil/priyamudan-priya/articleshow/23350423.cms|title=Ashok in a still from the Tamil movie Priyamudan Priya|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinejosh.com/gallery-large/13890/3/61/priyamudan-priya-tamil-movie-stills.html|title=Priyamudan Priya Tamil Movie Stills - Photo Gallery|website=Cine Josh}}</ref> In May 2015, Srikanth Deva announced that the project would mark his 100th venture as a music composer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121052632/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/srikanth-deva-scores-a-ton/article7256351.ece|title=Srikanth Deva scores a ton - The Hindu|date=21 January 2022|website=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/%E2%80%98I-am-tired-of-kuthu-numbers%E2%80%99/article14580434.ece|title=Music director Srikanth Deva is all set to compose for his 100th film|date=20 August 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> By July 2016, Rashmi had exited the project and been replaced by [[Leesha Eclairs]], who worked on the films alongside her commitments on the unreleased ''Sirikka Vidalama'' and ''[[Podhu Nalan Karudhi]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/debut-actress-leesha-talks-about-her-films-with-nithin-sathya-and-ashok-selvan.html|title=Debut actress Leesha talks about her films with Nithin Sathya and Ashok Selvan|date=13 July 2016|website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020518/ashok-on-a-roll.html|title=Ashok on a roll}}</ref>

The film began release promotions, almost ten years after the launch, with a ceremony held to facilitate Srikanth Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chennaionline.com/gallery/priyamudan-priya-movie-audio-launch-stills/|title=Priyamudan Priya Movie Audio Launch Stills – Chennaionline|website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Prior to its theatrical release, the film was shown at international film festivals including the PIFFA International Film Festival held in Malaysia. [[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan|Ashok Kumar]] won the best actor award for his performance in the film at the ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theauteur.in/the-award-goes-to-ashok-kumar-from-india/|title=The Award goes to Ashok Kumar from 'INDIA'|date=3 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chennaivision.com/tamil-movies/actor-ashok-kumar-stills-filmography-details/|title=Actor Ashok Kumar Stills & Filmography details|date=7 June 2021}}</ref>

The film was released on 5 August 2023 across theatres in Tamil Nadu. A Telugu dubbed version title ''Priyamaina Priya'' was released across Telangana and Andhra Pradesh on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southindianactress.in/leesha-eclairs-at-priyamudan-priya-movie-audio-launch/|title=Leesha Eclairs at Priyamudan Priya movie audio launch|first=South Indian|last=Actress|date=26 May 2023}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' gave the film a mixed review noting that the film showed a "different tale of a girl stuck with a psychotic lover".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/priyamudan-priya-cinema-review-1026433|title=பிரியமுடன் பிரியா: சினிமா விமர்சனம்|date=9 August 2023|website=www.dailythanthi.com}}</ref> A reviewer of the Telugu version noted it was "an engaging love story with thrilling elements".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://industryhit.com/t/priyamaina-priya-movie-review/|title=Priyamaina Priya Movie Review|date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|28356777}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2020s Tamil-language films]]

Aval Appadithan 2

2023-10-04T04:22:40Z

Bollywoodreporter471: 2 reviews

{{Short description|2023 Tamil film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aval Appadithan 2
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ra. Mu. Chidambaram
| writer = Ra. Mu. Chidambaram
| producer = Syed Abdagir
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Syed Abdagir
*Sneha Parthibaraja
*Rajeshwari
}}
| cinematography = Vedha Selvam
| editing =
| music = Aravind Siddharth
| studio = Yun Flicks
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|07|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Aval Appadithan 2''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Ra. Mu. Chidambaram and starring Syed Abdagir, Sneha Parthibaraja and Rajeshwari in the lead roles. It was released on 21 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mykollywood.com/news/kollywood-news/aval-appadithaan-2-review/|title=Aval Appadithaan 2 - Review|date=22 July 2023|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*Syed Abdagir as Ramu
*Sneha Parthibaraja as Manju
*Rajeshwari
*Vanitha Sri
*Sumithra
*Karthika
*Venkatramanan

==Production==
The title of the film was inspired by [[C. Rudraiah]]'s 1978 feminist drama ''[[Aval Appadithan]]'', and served as a separate film, rather than a sequel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minnambalam.com/cinema/aval-appadithan-2-story/|title="அவள் அப்படித்தான் - 2" கதை இது தான்!|date=12 December 2022|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref> The shoot of the film was completed in a single location within ten days. Lawyer-activist Sneha Parthibaraja, who had earlier received media attention for becoming the first Indian to obtain an official 'no caste, no religion' certificate', was cast in the lead female role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.themooknayak.com/india/sneha-is-a-lawyer-and-atheist-totally-opposed-to-caste-and-religion|title=Aval Appadithan: She Is Like That!|first=Geetha Sunil|last=Pillai|date=8 March 2023|website=The Mooknayak English - Voice Of The Voiceless|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was released on 21 July 2023 across theatres in [[Tamil Nadu]]. A critic from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' gave the film a positive review, praising the way the makers had shown female independence and social responsiility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MiniCinemaWorld/status/1682272693348081666?s=20|title=அவள் அப்படித்தான் 2 - சினிமா விமர்சனம்|date=21 July 2023|website=[[Dina Thanthi]]}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Kumudam]]'', in contrast, gave the film a negative review.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kumudam.com/kumudam/movie-review-shes-like-that-2|title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: அவள் அப்படித்தான் 2|first=Kumudam|last=Team|website=Kumudam Publications Private Limited|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thamizhpadam.com/aval-appadithan-2-tamil-movie-review/|title=அவள் அப்படித்தான் 2 தமிழ் திரைப்பட விமர்சனம்|first=Robert|last=D|date=21 July 2023|website=Thamizhpadam|accessdate=4 October 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|26240814}}

[[Category: 2023 films]]
[[Category: 2020s Tamil-language films]]

Ulagammai

2023-10-02T12:01:10Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Created page with '{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} {{Infobox film | name = Ulagammai | image = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = V. Jayaprakash | writer = Su. Samuthiram | producer = V. Jayaprakash | starring = {{plainlist| *Gouri Kishan *Vetri Mithran *Pranav }} | cinematography = K. V. Mani | editing = Suresh Urs | music = | studio = V. Jaya...'

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ulagammai
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[V. Jayaprakash]]
| writer = [[Su. Samuthiram]]
| producer = V. Jayaprakash
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]]
*Vetri Mithran
*Pranav
}}
| cinematography = K. V. Mani
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| music =
| studio = [[V. Jayaprakash|Madras Digital Cinema Academy]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|09|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Ulagammai''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and produced by [[V. Jayaprakash]] and starring [[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]] and Vetri Mithran in the lead roles. Based on ''Oru Kottukku Veliye'', a popular novel by Tamil writer [[Su. Samuthiram]], the film was released on 22 September 2023.

The film garnered attention for releasing its background score over a year before the theatrical release of the film, marking the first such attempt in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref name="novel">{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/ilaiyaraajas-background-score-for-vijay-prakashs-ulagammai-released|title=Ilaiyaraaja’s background score for Vijay Prakash’s ‘Ulagammai’ released|first=|last=|date=3 March 2022|website=Telangana Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/k-bhagyraj-releases-the-background-score-from-ulagammai-composed-by-ilaiyaraaja/articleshow/89967181.cms|title=K Bhagyraj releases the background score from 'Ulagammai' composed by Ilaiyaraaja|date=3 March 2022|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]] as Ulagammai
*Vetri Mithran as Loganathan
*Pranav as Aruna
*[[G. Marimuthu]] as Marimuthu Nadar
*[[G. M. Sundar]] as Palavesam Nadar
*Arulmani
*Kandharaj
*Samy
*James

==Production==
Director [[V. Jayaprakash]], who had earlier made ''Sathi Sanam'' (1997) and ''[[Kadhal FM]]'' (2005), delayed post-production works on his project ''Kuchi Ice'' and began to make ''Ulagammai'' in early 2021. He brought the rights of Tamil writer [[Su. Samuthiram]]'s popular novel ''Oru Kottukku Veliye'' from the writer's wife, and built a screenplay around the story.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ulagammai-gouri-kishan-to-feature-in-a-period-drama/08ede77e4b198|title=Ulagammai: Gouri Kishan to feature in a period drama|website=OTTPlay}}</ref> [[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]] was cast in the lead role, while [[Ilaiyaraaja]] was signed as the film's music composer. The shoot of the film began in July 2021 in [[Tirunelveli]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/aug/02/ilaiyaraaja-to-compose-music-for-gouri-kishans-next-ulagammai-25851.html|title=Ilaiyaraaja to compose music for Gouri Kishan's next Ulagammai|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/28807/gouri-g-kishan-ulagammai-based-on-oru-kottuku-veliye|title=Gouri Kishan in yet another period role! Ilayaraja to compose music!|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref> Production on the film was completed by April 2022.<ref name="novel"/>

In a novel move, the film's team released the background score of the film prior to the film's theatrical release in April 2022. This became the first instance of such a custom in Tamil cinema.<ref name="novel"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaThuligal/2021/08/13175935/In-the-music-of-Ilayaraja-Ulagammai.vpf|title=இளையராஜா இசையில் ‘உலகம்மை’|date=13 August 2021|website=www.dailythanthi.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was released on 22 September 2023 across theatres in Tamil Nadu. A critic from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' gave the film a mixed review noting that the film told an "important story of a female's life".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ulagammai-27440|title=Ulagammai|date=23 September 2023|website=www.maalaimalar.com}}</ref> A further reviewer from Minnambalam, praised Ilaiyaraaja's work on the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://india.postsen.com/movies/amp/1103672|title=Ulagammai Tamil Movie Review by Minnambalam Cinema News}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2020s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]

Harvinder Sahota

2023-09-27T15:45:22Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Created page with '{{Infobox person | name = Harvinder Sahota | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Iqbal | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1941|04|15}}...'

{{Short description|Indian American cardiologist}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{peacock|date=February 2017}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harvinder Sahota
| image =
| alt =
| caption =Dr. Sahota in 2014
| birth_name = Iqbal
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|04|15}}
| birth_place = Basti Tankawali, [[Ferozepur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University, Chandigarh|University of Punjab]] [[M.B.B.S.]] (1965) [[University of Liverpool]] (1970) [[Cardiff University]] (1971) [[University of Rochester]] (1976)
| boards = Orange County Emergency Medicine Commission Metro Hospital Heart Institute Institute of Therapy, Tbilisi [[Claremont Lincoln University]]
| occupation = [[Cardiologist]], [[Surgeon]]
| years_active = 1976-present
| other_names = H Sahota, Harry Sahota, Harvy Sahota
| known_for = Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty
}}

'''Harvinder Sahota''' (born 15 April 1941) is an [[Indian American]] cardiologist.<ref name="newsindiawest">{{cite news|title=Dr Harvinder Sahota: The father of Perfusion Balloon in Angioplasty|url=http://newseastwest.com/dr-harvinder-sahota-the-father-of-perfusion-balloon-in-angioplasty/|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Claremont Lincoln University Launches Center for Sikh Studies|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/claremont-lincoln-university-launches-center-for-sikh-studies/article_8e19c136-f7b0-59ac-a737-2990f0aab96d.html|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=17 February 2013}}</ref> He is the inventor of the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] approved Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty known as "Sahota Perfusion Balloon".<ref name="indiatimess"/><ref name="indiawestangioplasty">{{cite news|title=American Heart Association Honors SoCal Physician|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/american-heart-association-honors-socal-physician/article_ab0f272b-3ceb-5e21-893b-7eeab9b17223.html|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=30 May 2012}}</ref>

Sahota holds two dozen patents for other medical inventions including Red Laser Light for prevention of Restenosis, Multi-Lobe Balloon, Fibrin coated Stent, Hemostat to stop bleeding from ruptured artery during the procedure.<ref name="sikhchic">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Khushwant |date=21 August 2008 |title=Dr Harvinder Singh Sahota: Mender of Hearts |url=http://www.sikhchic.com/columnists/dr_harvinder_singh_sahota_mender_of_hearts |accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Harvinder Singh Sahota, icon cardiologist from Punjab|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIdoctors/A_USA/A_Z/S/Dr.Harvinder_Sahota/cardiologist_from_Punjab.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=NRI News|date=10 January 2010}}</ref> He holds license to promote a drug-coated stent. He performed the first coronary Angioplasty in many hospitals around the world including India, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine and the United States.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Kul |date=19 March 2018 |title=An Affair of the Heart to Heal the Heart |url=http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/an-affair-of-the-heart-to-heal-the-heart/ |access-date=19 March 2018 |website=Mauritiustimes.Com}}</ref> He has served as the Vice Chairman and Chairman of Orange County Emergency Medicine Commission in California and Research Director and Advisory Board members of the Metro Hospital Heart Institute in New Delhi, India, and Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia.<ref name="indiatimess">{{cite news|last1=Duttagupta|first1=Ishani|title=Dil ka doctor|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-12-22/news/27530886_1_angioplasty-advisory-board-doctors-of-indian-origin|accessdate=10 June 2015|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 December 2003}}</ref> Currently, he serves on the Board of Directors of [[Claremont Lincoln University]].<ref name="claremontlincoln">{{cite web|title=Board of Directors - Claremont Lincoln University|url=https://www.claremontlincoln.org/about/board-of-directors/|accessdate=10 June 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405101840/http://www.claremontlincoln.org/about/board-of-directors/|archivedate=5 April 2015}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sahota was born on 15 April 1941 to Lachman Singh and Dhan Kaur in Basti Tankawali, near [[Ferozepur]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India]].<ref name=sikhchic/> He was named Iqbal.<ref name=sikhchic/> Later at the age of five, his name was changed to Harvinder as a result of medical setback he suffered in which he was declared dead.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Gurmukh|title=A Hero of American Hearts|year=2004|publisher=Rupa & Co|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-291-0515-2|page=83|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041121/spectrum/book10.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> Because he was revived by a physician, the event was considered a second birth requiring a new name.<ref name=sikhchic/>

Sahota attended high schools and colleges in India, majoring in medicine. After completing an [[M.B.B.S.]] from the University of Punjab in 1965, Harvinder did Internship in Punjab Medical College. In 1967, he went to [[England]] to do further residency and specialization in medicine. For further specialization he enrolled as a post graduate student at the [[University of Liverpool]] where he did his specialization in [[tropical medicine]] and [[pulmonary medicine|pulmonary]] in Cardiff and London Hammersmith Hospitals.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

==Career==
Sahota came to the [[United States]] in 1974. He did his fellowship in cardiology at the [[University of Rochester]] in [[New York (state)|New York]]. Then he went to Regina, [[Saskatchewan]], [[Canada]] to complete his chief residency. In 1977, he came to [[St. Vincent Medical Center (Los Angeles)|St Vincent's hospital]] in [[Los Angeles, California]] to do another fellowship in cardiology. After completing his second fellowship in cardiology at St. Vincent, he started his practice in cardiology in Los Angeles in 1978. He holds licenses to practice cardiology in California, [[New York (state)|New York]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[India]].{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 1985, Sahota invented "Sahota Perfusion Balloon" which allows blood to flow to the heart muscle during inflation and prevents chest pain during the operation. After getting the US FDA approval in the 1980s the balloon is now used in angioplasty surgeries all over the world.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Gary|title=Dr.Harvinder Singh Sahota, cardiologist- invented "Sahota Perfusion Balloon" & holding 24 patents|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIdoctors/A_USA/A_Z/S/Dr.Harvinder_Sahota/innovation.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015|date=19 January 2010}}</ref> Sahota went on to invent several others devices, some non-medical, including the one with his son Neil about Identity Theft, especially for credit cards.<ref name=sikhchic/> On 17 January 1990 Sahota performed the first coronary angioplasty in North India and nine more followed in the week that the team spent in Chandigarh.<ref name="newsindiawest"/><ref name="claremontlincoln"/>

After the perfusion balloon, Sahota invented Multi-lobe perfusion balloon that straightens the artery on inflation during operation preventing blockages to occur at the bend of the artery. As an inventor, he holds a total of 24 patents and many other medical inventions such as Red Laser Light for prevention of Restenosis, Fibrin coated Stent, Hemostat to stop bleeding from ruptured artery during the procedure.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 2000, Sahota received the distinguished physician award presented by former Indian Prime Minister [[I. K. Gujral]] and was honored by the National Federation of Indian-American Associations in the United States.<ref name="indiatimess"/> In 2003, he was appointed commissioner of medicine for Orange County, California, by the Orange County board of supervisors. He has also received the excellence in medicine award from the Global Indian Congress of San Francisco.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 2012, Sahota was honored by the [[American Heart Association]] for his cardiovascular science and medicine research and his significant contribution to interventional cardiology.<ref name="indiawestangioplasty"/><ref name="dailypilot"/> In the same year, he was also awarded the Golden Orange Award by the World Affairs Council of Orange County.<ref name="goldenorangeaward"/>

==Awards, honors and recognitions==
* American Heart Association Award (2012)<ref name="indiawestangioplasty"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cook|first1=B.W.|title=The Crowd: A heartfelt night at the BBC|url=http://articles.dailypilot.com/2012-05-16/entertainment/tn-dpt-0517-cook-20120516_1_quest-software-dinner-event-sponsors|accessdate=15 June 2015|publisher=[[Daily Pilot]]|date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
* World Affairs Council - Golden Orange Award (2012)<ref name="dailypilot">{{cite news|title=World Affairs Council Award for NRI Dr. SAHOTA|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIdoctors/A_USA/A_Z/S/Dr.Harvinder_Sahota/2012/GOLDEN_ORANGE_AWARD.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=NRIpress News Services|date=14 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="goldenorangeaward">{{cite news|title=Sahota Receives Golden Orange Award|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/sahota-receives-golden-orange-award/article_a633432c-7ca5-52c2-8448-593cfe0e7ec8.html|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Crowd: World Affairs Council honors three longtime members|url=http://articles.dailypilot.com/2012-07-20/entertainment/tn-dpt-0721-cook-20120720_1_dream-guild-nuclear-threat-world-affairs-council|accessdate=15 June 2015|publisher=[[Daily Pilot]]|date=20 July 2012}}</ref>
* Global Indian Congress - Excellence in Medicine Award (2003)<ref name="indiatimess"/>
* Distinguished Physician Award - presented by I.K. Gujral, Prime minister of India (2000)<ref name="indiatimess"/><ref>{{cite web|title=DISTINGUISHED PHYSICIAN AWARDEES|url=http://www.imasc.org/past_events_and_awards.asp|website=Indian Medical Association of Southern California|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref>
* Plaque of Excellence in Medicine - National Federation of Indian American Association, Dallas (2000)<ref name="indiatimess"/>

==Publications==
* Harvy Sahota, et al., (2000) "Endoluminal Reconstruction of the Arterial Wall with Endothelial Cell/Glue Matrix Reduced Restenosis in an Atherosclerotic Rabbit," Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 36. No. 4.
* Harvy Sahota, et al., (2000), "Long-term Follow-up after Coronary Stenting and Intravascular Red Laser Therapy," American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 86 (9): 927–937.
* Vossoughi Jafar, (2000), "Stent Graph Update," Medical & Engineering Publisher Inc. ISN 1-903-636-00-8.

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Rashmee |date=2011 |title= Roshni: The Light of South Asia North America |url=https://www.amazon.com/Roshni-Light-South-North-America/dp/B007MOVP88|location=Singapore |publisher=Tien Wah Press|asin= B007MOVP88 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Kushwant |date=2007 |title= The Sikhs Unlimited |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2221910.Sikhs_Unlimited |location=New Delhi |publisher= Rupa & Co |isbn=978-8129112071 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |date=2006 |title= California Dream |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ual5AAAAMAAJ|location=Canada |publisher=British Columbia Books |asin= B007HG6WBG |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |date=2004 |title= A Hero of American Hearts: Dr. Harvinder Sahota Pioneer in Angioplasty|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2767229-a-hero-of-american-hearts?from_search=true&search_version=service_impr |location=New Delhi |publisher= Rupa & Co |isbn=81-291-0515-2 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |date=2004 |title=The Rise of the Sikhs Abroad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tx91AAAAMAAJ |location=New Delhi |publisher= Rupa & Co |isbn=81-291-0068-1 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahota, Harvinder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:People from Firozpur district]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Bellflower, California]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool]]
[[Category:Alumni of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:University of Rochester alumni]]
[[Category:University of Saskatchewan alumni]]
[[Category:Indian cardiac surgeons]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:American cardiologists]]
[[Category:American health professionals of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American Sikhs]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century surgeons]]

Nimrat Khaira

2023-09-27T09:39:34Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Indian singer and actress

{{short description|Indian singer and actress}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Nimrat Khaira
| image = Nimrat Khaira 2020.jpg
| caption = Nimrat Khaira in 2020
| background = solo_singer
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|08|08|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/NimratKhairaOfficial/photos/a.1628141370764770/1821426248102947/?type=3|title=Nimrat Khaira|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/happy-birthday-nimrat-khaira-know-some-lesser-known-facts-about-the-singer/|title=Happy Birthday Nimrat Khaira: Know Some Lesser Known Facts About The Singer|last=Kapoor|first=Diksha|date=8 August 2019|website=[[PTC Punjabi]]|language=en-US|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Batala]], [[Punjab, India]]<ref name="LJ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelifestylejournalist.in/the-begum-of-pollywood-nimrat-khaira/|title=The Begum of Pollywood : Nimrat Khaira -|date=4 January 2018|language=en-US|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
| genre = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| occupations = {{flatlist|
*Singer
*actress
}}
| instrument = Vocals guitar
| years_active = (2014 –present)
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Arjan Dhillon]]
* [[Amrinder Gill]]
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
* [[Tarsem Jassar]]
* [[Amrit Maan]]
* [[Ranjit Bawa]]}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*Brown Studios
*Panj-aab
*Speed Records
*White Hill}}
*Rhythm Boyz
*brand b
*Worldwide records punjabi
*GEET MP3
| website = {{Facebook|NimratKhairaOfficial|Nimrat Khaira}}
}}
'''Nimrat Khaira''' is an Indian singer, and actress known for her work in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi- language]] music and films.

==Early life==
Born in [[Gurdaspur]], Khaira also started singing in third grade. She is the only child of her parents. She completed her schooling from D.A.V.{{cn|date=September 2022}}

==Career==
She is the winner of [[Voice of Punjab]] season 3.<ref>{{cite web|title=Voice of Punjab Season 3 winners|url=http://www.yespunjab.com/entertainment/item/6762-nimrat-pal-kaur-and-anant-pal-singh-win-‘voice-of-punjab’-titles}}</ref> She gained fame after the release of her single "Ishq Kacheri".<ref>{{cite news|title= Nimrat Khaira female singers |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/her-wakhra-swag/317350.html |accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> She performed at Saras Mela, held in [[Bathinda]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Saras Mela Performance |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/a-blend-of-culture-tradition-and-artwork-on-display/309618.html |accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Saras Mela Performance |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Regional-Saras-Mela-at-Bathinda-from-Oct-14-rural-development-minister-Maluka-to-inaugurate/articleshow/54818925.cms |accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> She hosted the third edition of Radio Mirchi Music Awards.<ref>{{cite news |title= Radio Mirchi Music Awards |url= http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail-NQ/MjkyOTcx/radio-mirchi-honours-best-of-punjabi-music-at-mma-punjabi.html |accessdate= 22 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203856/http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail-NQ/MjkyOTcx/radio-mirchi-honours-best-of-punjabi-music-at-mma-punjabi.html |archive-date= 22 March 2017 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

She started her singing career from a duet song "Rab Karke" with Nishawn Bhullar, which was released on 24 September 2015 by record label Punj-aab Records. The song received good response from audience, but she got much fame through her next two songs "Ishq Kacheri" and "SP De Rank Wargi" both released in 2016. She continued her success with songs like "Salute Wajde" in 2016. In 2017, she launched many singles many of them overcame as massive hits like "Rohab Rakhdi", "Dubai Wale Sheikh", "Suit" and "Designer". She also won Best female vocalist award for her duo "Dubai Wale Sheikh" from [[Manje Bistre]] at Brit Asia Awards and nominated at [[Filmfare Punjabi Awards|Filmare Punjabi Award]]. The song also peaked on [[Official Charts Company|UK Asian chart]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-download-chart/20170428/asian/|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> Her single "Suit" entered top 20 in the chart.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-download-chart/20171020/asian/|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref>

Also, her song "Designer" produced by [[Deep Jandu]] came in controversy after a foreign composer "Zwirek" claimed the music and the song was removed from YouTube but later, the song was readded to YouTube after music was proved legally original.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.in/news/entertainment/nimrat-khairas-designer-song-deleted-youtube/|title=Nimrat Khaira's 'Designer' song deleted from Youtube|date=16 December 2017|work=Latest Punjab News, Breaking News Punjab, India News {{!}} Daily Post|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref>

==Discography==

=== Albums ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Albums as lead artist, showing year released
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" style="width:10em;" |Album details
! scope="col" | Lyricist
|-
! scope="row" | ''Nimmo''
|
* Released: 2022
* Music : Desi Crew, Yeah Proof, J Statik, Arsh Heer
*Tracks : 10
* Label: Speed Records
* Format: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| [[Arjan Dhillon]] Gifty Bachan Bedill
|}

===Singles===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of singles as lead artist, showing year released and album name
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Title
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:2em;" | Year
!Peak chart position
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:10em;" | Music
! rowspan="2" |Lyrisist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:8em;" | Album
|-
![[UK Asian Music Chart|UK Asian]]
|-
! scope="row" | "Rab Karke" {{Small|(with Nishawn Bhullar)}}
| 2015
| || Rupin Kahlon
| Jass Chahal||
|-
! scope="row" | "SP De Rank Wargi"
| rowspan="4" |2016
| || Desi Crew
| [[Narinder Batth|Narinder Baath]] ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Ishq Kacheri"
| || Preet Hundal
| Preet Hundal ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Salute Wajde"
| || [[Deep Jandu]]
| Harf Cheema ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Taanvi Changa Lagda"
| || Gold Boy
| Babbu ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Rohab Rakhdi"
| rowspan="8" |2017
| || Preet Hundal
| Bittu Cheema||
|-
! scope="row" | "Jhumke" {{Small|(with [[Jassi Gill]] & [[Babbal Rai]])}}
| || Jay K
| Veet Baljeet || ''[[Sargi]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Dubai Wale Sheikh" {{Small|(with [[Gippy Grewal]])}}
| || Jay K
| [[Happy Raikoti]] || ''[[Manje Bistre]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "DJ Waaleya"
| || Jay K
| Dalvir Sarobad||
|-
! scope="row" | "Akhar" {{Small|(with [[Amrinder Gill]])}}
| || [[Jatinder Shah]]
| Surinder Saadhpuri|| ''[[Lahoriye]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Bhangra Gidha"
| || Desi Crew
| Babbu ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Suit" {{Small|(featuring Mankirt Aulakh)}}
| 4<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20171027/asian/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>|| Preet Hundal
| [[Arjan Dhillon]] ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Designer"
| || [[Deep Jandu]]
| Happy Raikoti||
|-
! scope="row" | "Brober Boli"
| rowspan="7" |2018
| || DesiRoutz
| Maninder Kailey ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Ranihaar"
| || Preet Hundal
| [[Arjan Dhillon]], Prince Bhullar||
|-
! scope="row" | "Sun Sohniye" {{Small|(with [[Ranjit Bawa]])}}
| || [[Jaidev Kumar]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Arjan Dhillon]] || rowspan="4" |''[[Afsar (2018 film)|Afsar]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Udhaar Chalda" {{Small|(with [[Gurnam Bhullar]])}}
| || rowspan="5" | Preet Hundal
|-
! scope="row" | "Khat"
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Ravaya Na Kar"
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Sacha Jhootha"
|
| Shah Ali ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Tohar"
| rowspan="5" |2019
|
| [[Arjan Dhillon]] ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Jattan De Munde" {{Small|(with [[Tarsem Jassar]])}}
| || Desi Crew
| Tarseem Jassar|| rowspan="2" |''[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Channan"
| || Desi Crew
|Taseem Jassar
|-
! scope="row" | "Baddlan De Kaalje" {{Small|(with [[Amrinder Gill]])}}
| || [[Dr Zeus]]
| Bunty Bains|| ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Supna Laavan Da"
| || Preet Hundal
| Gifty||
|-
! scope="row" | "Lehnga"
| rowspan="12" |2020
| || The Kidd
| [[Arjan Dhillon]] ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Majhe Wal Da" {{Small|(with Amrinder Gill)}}
| || Desi Crew
| Laddi Chahal || ''[[Chal Mera Putt 2]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Ajj Kal Ajj Kal"
| || Desi Crew
|Bunty Bains||
|-
! scope="row" | "Vail" {{Small|(with Mankirt Aulakh)}}
| || Avvy Sra
|Shree Brar||
|-
! scope="row" | "Sohne Sohne Suit"
| || Rox- A
|Farmaan||
|-
! scope="row" | "Track Suit" {{Small|(with [[Diljit Dosanjh]])}}
| || Desi Crew
|Laddi Chahal|| ''[[G.O.A.T. (Diljit Dosanjh album)|G.O.A.T.]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Lemme Check"
| || Rox A
| Babbu ||
|-
! scope="row" | "Sangdi Sangdi" {{Small|(with Tarsem Jassar)}}
| || [[MixSingh]]
|Tarseem Jassar|| ''My Pride''
|-
! scope="row" | "Busy Busy"
| || Pendu Boyz
| D Harp||
|-
! scope="row" | "Blink"
| ||Desi Crew
|Bunty Bains
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Time Chakda"
|
| rowspan="2" |Desi Crew
|Rony Ajnali , Gill Machrai
|
|-
! scope="row" | Gulabi Rang
|32 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20201211/asian/ |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Mandeep Maavi
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Sira E Hou" {{Small|(with [[Amrit Maan]])}}
| rowspan="3" | 2021
| 4<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20210321/punjabi/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>|| Desi Crew
|Amrit Maan|| ''All Bamb''
|-
! scope="row" | "Jaan"
| || Arsh Heer
|Gifty||
|-
! scope="row" | "What Ve" {{Small|(with Diljit Dosanjh)}}
| || Desi Crew
|[[Arjan Dhillon]]||
|-
! scope="row" | "Challa"
| rowspan="2" | 2022
| || Desi Crew
|[[Arjan Dhillon]]
| rowspan="2" | ''Nimmo''
|-
! scope="row" | "Ki Karde Je" {{Small|(with [[Arjan Dhillon]])}}
| || Desi Crew
| [[Arjan Dhillon]]
|}

==Film career==
She started her film career in 2017 with ''[[Lahoriye]]'', wherein she played the role of Kikkar ([[Amrinder Gill]])'s sister ''Harleen Kaur''. Her performance in film was appreciated by audience. She was also nominated for ''Best Debut Performance'' and ''Best Supporting Actress'' in different Award Ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nimrat Khaira Films|website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm8674718/}}</ref>

Her second film ''[[Afsar (2018 film)|Afsar]]'' released on 5 October 2018. Film marks as Debut as lead actress for ''Nimrat Khaira''. In film, ''Nimrat Khaira'' had shared screen with [[Tarsem Jassar]]. She had played the role of Harman who is Teacher in Government school.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/afsar-first-look-pollywood-gets-a-new-on-screen-jodi-nimrat-khaira-and-tasrem-jassar/articleshow/64540403.cms|title='Afsar' first look: Pollywood gets a new on-screen jodi – Nimrat Khaira and Tasrem Jassar |work=The Times of India|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref> Her film ''[[Jodi (2023 film)|Jodi]]'', which is written and directed by [[Amberdeep Singh]], was released in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Trailer of Diljit Dosanjh's 'Jodi' to release soon?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/punjabi-movies-to-look-forward-to-in-2020/trailer-of-diljit-dosanjhs-jodi-to-release-soon/photostory/76149856.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=28 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In the film, she is co-starring [[Diljit Dosanjh]]. It is her second collaboration with Singh and Rhythm Boyz Entertainment after ''[[Lahoriye]]'' (2017).

She is co-starring [[Ammy Virk]] and [[Sargun Mehta]] in another ambitious project of [[Amberdeep Singh]], ''[[Saunkan Saunkne]] '', which is set to be released in 2021.

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="row" | Year
! scope="row" | Film(s)
! scope="row"| Role
! scope="row"| Director
! scope="row"| Notes
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Lahoriye]]''
| Harleen Kaur || [[Amberdeep Singh]] || Punjabi Film Debut
|-
| 2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Afsar (2018 film)|Afsar]]''
| Harman || Gulshan Singh ||
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" |''Teeja Punjab''
|| Mohni || [[Amberdeep Singh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |''2022''
!''Saamna''
|Mohini Kaur
|Smeep Kang
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Saunkan Saunkne]]''
|| Kirna || Amarjeet Singh Saraon ||
|-
!''Cancer Reloaded''
|Sunaina
|Raj & D.K
|Hindi debut
|-
| 2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Jodi (2023 film)|Jodi]]''
|| Kamaljot || [[Amberdeep Singh]] ||
|}

==Awards and nominations==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! width=5%|Year
! style="width:20%;"|Film
! style="width:30%;"|Award Ceremony
! style="width:29%;"|Category
! style="width:15%;"|Result
|-
|rowspan="6"|2018
|rowspan="2"|''[[Lahoriye]]''
|rowspan="3"|Brit Asia Awards<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://britasia.tv/full-list-of-winners-from-the-punjabi-film-awards-2018/|title=FULL LIST OF WINNERS FROM THE PUNJABI FILM AWARDS 2018 – BritAsia TV|date=14 May 2018|publisher=BritAsia TV|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
|Best Debut Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|''[[Manje Bistre]]''
| Best Female Vocalist
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Awards Punjabi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018/nominations|title=Filmfare Awards Punjabi 2018 Nominations {{!}} Filmfare.com|website=filmfare.com|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
| Best playback singer (female)
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|''Lahoriye''
|rowspan="2"| Best Debut Female
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ptcpunjabifilmawards.in/nomination/|title=NOMINATION – PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2018 {{!}} PTC Punjabi|website=ptcpunjabifilmawards.in|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="1"|2019
| ''[[Afsar (2018 film)|Afsar]]''
| Brit Asia TV Awards
| Best Female Playback Vocalist
| {{nom}}
|-
|2022
|Teeja Panjab
|PTC Panjabi Film Awards
|Best Female Actress
|'''Won'''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8674718}}
* {{Facebook|NimratKhairaOfficial}}
* {{Instagram|nimratkhairaofficial}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:khaira, Nimrat}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]

Kash Gill

2023-09-27T06:20:04Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Kash Gill

{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use British English}}
{{distinguish|Kashmir Gill}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox boxer
|name = Kash Gill
|image =
|imagesize =
|realname = Kashmir Singh Gill
|nickname = The Flash
|weight = {{convert|75|kg|st lb|abbr=on}}
|height = {{height|ft=6|in=3}}
|reach =
|nationality = British
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|7|2}}
|birth_place = [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[Birmingham]], England
|death_date =
|death_place =
|style =
|total = 100
|wins = 84
|losses = 16
|draws = 1
|no contests =
|KO = 43
}}

'''Kashmir Singh Gill''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਗਿੱਲ, born 2 July 1966) popularly known as '''Kash "The Flash" Gill''', is a retired British professional [[kickboxing|kickboxer]] who is a former four-time world champion.<ref name="BirminghamMail2008">[http://www.birminghammail.net/news/top-stories/2008/03/07/gym-dream-comes-true-for-birmingham-s-kash-gill-97319-20578160/ Gym dream comes true for Birmingham's Kash Gill] ''Birmingham Mail'' (7 March 2008). Retrieved on 7 January 2011.</ref>

Gill became a world champion in kickboxing at the age of 21.<ref name="AsianToday2008">[http://www.theasiantoday.com/article.aspx?articleId=901 Kickboxing Kings to light up Birmingham: Triple title bonanza in showpiece event] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928022526/http://www.theasiantoday.com/article.aspx?articleId=901 |date=28 September 2011 }} ''The Asian Today'' (7 May 2008). Retrieved on 7 January 2011.</ref> He formally retired from fighting in 2002. In 1991, he won the [[World Kickboxing Association]] (WKA) [[light middleweight]] and [[super welterweight]] full contact titles.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} The following year he won the WKA middleweight championship.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} He was the [[International Sport Karate Association]] freestyle champion of 1993.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}}

==Biography==
Born in 1966 as Kashmir Gill, he is an alumnus of Christ Church, Oxford where he studied biochemistry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/20357415/asha-roka|title=Boxing worked for Asha Roka, but MMA works better|last=Selvaraj|first=Jonathan|date=2017-08-16|website=[[ESPN]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> Gill discovered kickboxing at the age of 14 when he saw a demo in a local park went down for a trial session and fell in love with the sport.

His speed and athletic ability as well as his flashy showmanship soon earned him the nickname ‘The Flash’. By 1984, having earned his black belt, Gill at the age of 18, had entered and won his first competition in a three-round contest in full-contact karate.

He won a number of world titles anx in 1986 when he won a gold medal at the World PKA Amateur Full Contact Championships. He collected his first Professional world title, the WKA Junior Middleweight in 1991 when he also won the World full contact Karate championships. In the two consecutive years following, he went on to win the WKA World Middleweight kickboxing title and the ISKA World Light Middleweight title.

==Comeback==
In December 2011, Gill fought former world kickboxing champion [[Don "The Dragon" Wilson]] in a mixed martial arts cage match in [[Kazakhstan]]. The bout was originally billed as an exhibition, but Wilson, 57, was awarded the decision at the end of the match.

==See also==
*[[List of male kickboxers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kashtheflash.co.uk/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130605223450/http://kashtheflashgym.com/ Gym website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Kash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English male kickboxers]]
[[Category:Welterweight kickboxers]]
[[Category:Middleweight kickboxers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Birmingham, West Midlands]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:English Muay Thai practitioners]]

Dhar Mann

2023-09-26T23:07:09Z

Bollywoodreporter471: not helpful

{{short description|American entrepreneur, film producer and YouTuber (born 1984)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dhar Mann
| image = Dhar Mann Updated (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = Mann in 2018
| birth_name = Dharminder Mann
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|05|29}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| education =
| occupation = {{hlist|Entrepreneur|film producer}}
| partner = Laura Avila
| children = 2
| parents =
| relatives =
| website = {{URL|https://www.dharmann.com/}}
}}

'''Dharminder "Dhar" Mann''' (born May 29, 1984) is an American entrepreneur, film producer and [[YouTuber]]. He is best known for his video production company, Dhar Mann Studios, that creates short films for social media platforms such as YouTube. The films target a young audience and typically feature a turn of events that teaches the antagonist a moral lesson.<ref name="NYT 2021" />

In 2010, Mann and stockbroker Derek Peterson founded the [[weGrow]] store that sold [[hydroponics]] marketed for growing [[medical marijuana]]. weGrow was closed two years later amid lawsuits between the business partners.

In 2013, Mann was convicted of defrauding the city of [[Oakland, California]], through his real estate company MannEdge Properties.<ref name="SFGate 2012" /><ref name="BC 2012" /><ref name=":0" />

==Early life==
Dharminder Mann was born on May 29, 1984,<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1398720779538345993 |user=dharmann |title=Today's not only special because it's my 37th bday- it's also the 3-year anniversary of Dhar Mann Studios. I'm not always the best at describing my feelings, but from what I've been told I am pretty good at telling stories. [Read more on my Instagram] |date=May 29, 2021 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529192005/https://twitter.com/dharmann/status/1398720779538345993 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |url-status=live |link=https://twitter.com/dharmann/status/1398720779538345993 |last=Mann |first=Dhar}}</ref> to Surinder Mann and Baljit Singh Mann, who emigrated from India to the United States.<ref name="NYT 2021">{{Cite news |last=Marcus |first=Ezra |date=August 19, 2021 |title=The Moral Philosopher of YouTube |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/style/dhar-mann-youtube.html |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Oaklandside">{{cite news |last1=Orenstein |first1=Natalie |title=Oakland landlord hit with $3.9 million penalty for hazardous housing conditions |url=https://oaklandside.org/2021/09/13/oakland-landlord-hit-with-3-9-million-penalty-for-hazardous-housing-conditions/ |access-date=February 5, 2022 |work=The Oaklandside |date=September 14, 2021}}</ref><ref name="SFGate 2014">{{Cite news |last1=Matier |first1=Phillip |last2=Ross |first2=Andrew |date=April 28, 2014 |title=FBI agents' sting tried to lure more S.F., Oakland officials |work=[[SFGate]] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/FBI-agents-sting-tried-to-lure-more-S-F-5433978.php |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> The Singh family owns Friendly Cab, a taxi cab operator based in [[Oakland, California]].<ref name="SFGate 2014" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harkinson |first=Josh |date=December 11, 2013 |title=How a local "Ganjapreneur" bummed Oakland's high, and cheated the city out of thousands. |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2013/12/marijuana-entrepreneur-dhar-mann-fraud-oakland/ |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> They have owned several local real estate companies since 1980, and more than 130 properties.<ref name="Oaklandside" /><ref name="EBX 2015">{{Cite news |last=BondGraham |first=Darwin |date=April 24, 2015 |title=Oakland Taxicab Family Hit with $37,500 Fine for Defrauding Oakland |work=[[East Bay Express]] |url=https://eastbayexpress.com/oakland-taxicab-family-hit-with-37500-fine-for-defrauding-oakland-2-1/ |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>

Mann recalls growing up in a one-bedroom [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]] apartment that was shared with three other families. As his parents were focused on managing their company, he has said that rather than "give me their time, they gave me money to do things".<ref name="NYT 2021" />

== Early career and legal issues ==
At the age of nineteen, Mann started a real estate company, and founded other, often failed, companies within the decade,<ref name="NYT 2021" /> including ventures in [[luxury car]] rental services and mortgage refinancing.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harkinson|first=Josh|title=Weedmart: Marijuana Superstores. IPOs. Reality TV.|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|issue=January/February 2011|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/12/wegrow-dhar-mann-derek-peterson/|access-date=September 4, 2021}}</ref> Mann founded [[weGrow]], a retailer of [[cannabis]]-growing [[hydroponics]], with former stock broker Derek Peterson in January 2010. Mann and Peterson rented a supply store in Oakland, California, to sell hydroponics equipment, and aimed to open franchises in eight other states.<ref name="NYT 2021" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=McLean |first=Kate |date=July 18, 2010 |title=Proposal for Marijuana Factories Prompts a Battle for Control |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/18/us/18bcmarijuana.html |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref>

In early 2011, the weGrow store was closed, and Peterson filed lawsuits against the company, citing unpaid debts,<ref name="NYT 2021" /> and accusing Mann of running a "hydroponzi scheme" in a ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' interview.<ref name="MJ 2011">{{Cite news |last=Harkinson |first=Josh |date=March 1, 2011 |title=WeGrow's "Joint Venture" Goes Up in Smoke |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2011/03/wegrow-joint-venture-goes-smoke/ |access-date=September 4, 2021}}</ref> A spokesman for Mann subsequently accused Peterson of fabricating the allegations in retaliation for Mann's decision to downsize their partnership,<ref name="MJ 2011" /> and Mann successfully countersued Peterson for a cash settlement and stocks in Peterson's own company.<ref name="NYT 2021" />

In 2012, Mann was charged with thirteen felony counts of fraud for allegedly defrauding a city beautification program while operating his real estate company MannEdge Properties in 2008 and 2009.<ref name="SFGate 2012">{{Cite news |last1=Bulwa |first1=Demian |last2=Kuruvila |first2=Matthai |date=May 18, 2012 |title=Oakland pot entrepreneur charged with fraud |work=[[SFGate]] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Oakland-pot-entrepreneur-charged-with-fraud-3567342.php |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref><ref name="BC 2012">{{Cite news |date=September 6, 2012 |title=Indicted Oakland Pot Entrepreneur Leaned on Political Relationships |publisher=[[NBC Bay Area]] |url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/indicted-oakland-pot-entrepreneur-leaned-on-political-relationships/1927584/ |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> Prosecutors reduced the charges to five felony counts in August 2013, and later that year Mann pled [[no contest]] to the five counts.<ref name="OT 2013">{{Cite news |last=Artz |first=Matthew |date=December 10, 2013 |title=Oakland "ganjapreneur" pleads no contest to fraud charges |work=[[Oakland Tribune]] |url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/news/ci_24697161/oakland-ganjapreneur-pleads-no-contest-fraud-charges |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215004843/http://www.insidebayarea.com/news/ci_24697161/oakland-ganjapreneur-pleads-no-contest-fraud-charges |archive-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref> He was sentenced to five years of [[probation]] and ordered to pay a $10,000 fine and [[restitution]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Tucker |first=Jill |date=February 1, 2014 |title='Ganja-preneur' of Oakland sentenced, fined $10,000 |work=[[SFGate]] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Ganja-preneur-of-Oakland-sentenced-fined-5195154.php |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> Mann told ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 2021 that the conviction was later [[expunged]].<ref name="NYT 2021" />

== Dhar Mann Studios ==
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Dhar Mann
| channel_name =
| channel_direct_url = @DharMann
| channel_display_name = Dhar Mann
| channel_url =
| years_active = 2018–present
| genre = [[Morality plays]]
| subscribers = 18.7 million
| views = 11.5 billion
| network =
| associated_acts =
| location = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U. S.
| silver_button = y
| silver_year =
| gold_button = y
| gold_year = 2020
| diamond_button = y
| diamond_year = 2021
| ruby_button = n
| ruby_year =
| red_diamond_button = n
| red_diamond_year =
| stats_update = Aug 11, 2023
}}

In 2018, Mann founded Dhar Mann Studios, a video production company that produces films for social media platforms such as [[YouTube]].<ref name="NYT 2021" /><ref name="HR 2021">{{Cite news |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=April 7, 2021 |title=Filmmaker Dhar Mann Signs With CAA (Exclusive) |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/filmmaker-dhar-mann-signs-with-caa-exclusive |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> When Mann began publishing videos on YouTube in 2018, his output comprised [[Motivational speaker|motivational]] videos, and later shifted focus to [[morality plays]].<ref name="NYT Magazine 2021">{{Cite news |last=Kaiser-Schatzlein |first=Robin |date=August 4, 2021 |title=The Internet Demands Uplifting Videos. So He Stages Them. |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/04/magazine/wholesome-youtube-dhar-mann.html |access-date=September 6, 2021}}</ref> In 2021, Mann started a contract with the [[Creative Artists Agency]]<ref name="HR 2021" /> and launched a mobile app where users can watch videos produced by his studio.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weiss |first=Geoff |date=October 22, 2021 |title=YouTube Moralist Dhar Mann Launches His Own Video App, Rockets To No. 1 On Apple |work=[[Tubefilter News]] |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/10/22/dhar-mann-video-app-no-1/ |access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref>

A ''New York Times'' profile of Mann described his YouTube videos as "timely narratives about police-calling [[Karen (slang)|Karen]]s and [[Covid-19]] hoarders" told in the fashion of "1980s [[after-school special]]s and the educational short films of the '50s", and noted their often "thin and absolutist" moral philosophy and "openly [[click bait]]" titles.<ref name="NYT 2021" /> ''[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]'' called them "feel-good" videos intended to "encourage people to be decent to one another."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burney |first=Lawrence |date=March 3, 2021 |title=Watching YouTube Through My Daughter's Eyes |work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/watching-anna-oop-youtube-drama-daughter.html |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>

As of May 2023, the channel has received 18.1 million subscribers and 10.78 billion views.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/c/dharmannofficial |title=Dhar Mann's YouTube Stats (Summary Profile) - Social Blade Stats |newspaper=Socialblade.com |date= |accessdate=February 10, 2023}}</ref>

=== Workplace scandal and actors' protest ===
In February 2023, multiple actors employed by Dhar Mann Studios stated on social media that they had poor working conditions and unsustainable pay.<ref name="ABC">{{cite news|last=Hayes|first=Rob|date=February 14, 2023|url=https://abc7.com/dhar-mann-studios-youtube-channel-burbank-actor-protest/12816197/|title=Actors for popular Burbank-based YouTube channel protest for better wages, work conditions|location=[[Burbank, California]]|publisher=ABC7|access-date=July 5, 2023}}</ref> Many of the actors took to protesting outside of one of Mann's studio lots, with the protests happening abruptly. Actor Charles Laughlin revealed that many actors requested a meeting with Mann about working conditions, but Mann declined to meet with them. Laughlin also accused Mann of firing actress Jessica Ruth Bell after the actors requested the meeting. Laughlin and actor Colin Borden stated that actors who spoke out against the working conditions were immediately let go. Borden stated that many of the actors employed by Mann could not afford rent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Joseph |date=2023-02-09 |title=Actors in Influencer Dhar Mann's Videos Have Gone on Strike Over Low Wages |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-dhar-mann-actors |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Distractify |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Beskyldninger mot YouTube-gigant |url=https://www.vg.no/i/mQ3Q9l |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-10 |title=YouTube's Dhar Mann Studios Accused Of Paying Actors Unfair Wages |url=https://www.cgmagonline.com/news/dhar-mann-paying-actors-poorly/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=www.cgmagonline.com |language=en-CA}}</ref> After the protests, Mann issued a statement on his YouTube channel and Instagram account disputing the claims of the protesting actors and accusing them of "spreading false information" about his studio, family and himself. He explained how the studio operated and disclosed hourly rates for actors.<ref name="ABC"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gutelle |first1=Sam |title=Moral video creator Dhar Mann responds to the protest launched by some of his regular actors |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/02/14/protest-dhar-mann-actors-speak-out-moral-videos-response/ |publisher=[[Tubefilter]] |access-date=February 22, 2023 |date=February 14, 2023 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2014, Mann was in a relationship with businesswoman Lilly Ghalichi, known for participating on the reality television series ''[[Shahs of Sunset]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Zach |last2=Sobol |first2=Beth |date=April 4, 2014 |title=''Shahs of Sunset''{{Apostrophe}}s Lilly Ghalichi Engaged to Entrepreneur Dhar Mann—But Will She Keep the Ring? |work=[[E! Online]] |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/528442/shahs-of-sunset-s-lilly-ghalichi-engaged-to-entrepreneur-dhar-mann-but-will-she-keep-the-ring |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Webber |first=Stephanie |date=December 19, 2014 |title=Lilly Ghalichi, Dhar Mann Split: ''Shahs of Sunset'' Star Ends Engagement |work=[[E! Online]] |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/607973/shahs-of-sunset-s-lilly-ghalichi-calls-off-engagement-i-know-that-every-ending-is-a-new-beginning |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref> Mann met his fiancée Laura Avila in 2015. Together, the couple manage LiveGlam, a cosmetics company that Mann founded in 2015.<ref name="NYT 2021" /> The couple had their first child in 2020.<ref name="Variety 2020">{{Cite news |last=McClain |first=James |date=November 3, 2020 |title=Khloe Kardashian Sells $15.5 Million Calabasas Mansion to Dhar Mann |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2020/dirt/entertainers/khloe-kardashian-sells-15-5-million-calabasas-mansion-to-dhar-mann-1234822374/ |access-date=August 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103173001/https://variety.com/2020/dirt/entertainers/khloe-kardashian-sells-15-5-million-calabasas-mansion-to-dhar-mann-1234822374/ |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In late 2020, Mann purchased a mansion in [[Calabasas, California]], previously owned by media personality [[Khloé Kardashian]].<ref name="Variety 2020" /> Along with his family's real estate activities in Oakland, Mann and his brother Harmit also own property across the city.<ref name="Oaklandside" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.dharmann.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|4990531}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mann, Dhar}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American businesspeople convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in the online media industry]]
[[Category:American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American cosmetics businesspeople]]
[[Category:American entertainment industry businesspeople]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American real estate businesspeople]]
[[Category:American YouTubers]]
[[Category:YouTube channels launched in 2018]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:University of California, Davis alumni]]

Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)

2023-09-20T21:32:24Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Reorganising and improving

{{short description|Leader of the Opposition in Singapore since 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Singapore English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| honorific_suffix =
| name = Pritam Singh
|native_name =
|image = [[File:Pritam Singh Singapore 4 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|caption =
|office = [[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start = de jure: 24 August 2020 ''de facto'': 8 April
2018 – 23 June 2020
|term_end =
|primeminister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
|predecessor = [[Low Thia Khiang]]<ref name="ST11Jul20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pm-lee-pap-will-designate-pritam-as-opposition-leader-urges-all-sporeans-to-put-aside|title=GE2020: Election results a clear mandate for PAP but also reflects desire for more diversity of voices in Parliament, says PM|date=11 July 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711041638/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pm-lee-pap-will-designate-pritam-as-opposition-leader-urges-all-sporeans-to-put-aside|archive-date=11 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|constituency =
|office2 = [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Secretary-General of the Workers' Party]]
|term_start2 = 8 April 2018
|term_end2 =
|primeminister2 =
|1blankname2 = Chair
|2blankname2 = Vice-Chair
|1namedata2 = [[Sylvia Lim]] {{small|(since 2003)}}
|2namedata2 = [[Muhamad Faisal Manap]] {{small|(since 2016)}}
|predecessor2 = [[Low Thia Khiang]]
|successor2 =
|constituency_MP3 = [[Aljunied Group Representation Constituency|Aljunied GRC]] (Eunos)
|term_start3 = 7 May 2011
|term_end3 =
|predecessor3 = [[Zainul Abidin (politician)|Zainul Abidin]] ([[People's Action Party|PAP]])
|majority3 =
|successor3 =
| birth_name = Pritam Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1976|8|2}}
| birth_place= [[Singapore]]
| party= [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] (2011 — present)
| spouse = {{marriage|Loveleen Kaur Walia|2012}}
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[National University of Singapore]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[King's College London]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) [[Singapore Management University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|lawyer|author}}
|branch = [[Singapore Army]]
|serviceyears = 1994–2002
|rank = [[Major]]<ref name="cna180408">{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/workers-party-secretary-general-pritam-singh-10-things-to-know-10116750|title=The Workers' Party's new Secretary-General: 10 things to know about Pritam Singh|website=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408095821/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/workers-party-secretary-general-pritam-singh-10-things-to-know-10116750|archive-date=2018-04-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
'''Pritam Singh''' (born 2 August 1976) is a Singaporean politician, lawyer and author who has been serving as [[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]] since 2020. A member of the opposition [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] (WP), he has been appointed as Secretary-General of the WP since 2018. Singh has been the [[Parliament of Singapore|Member of Parliament]] (MP) representing the Eunos division of [[Aljunied Group Representation Constituency|Aljunied GRC]] since 2011.

Singh graduated from the [[National University of Singapore]] in 2000 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[history]]. In 1999, he won the Straits Steamship Prize for being the top undergraduate student in history and [[political science]].<ref>Exclusive Interview with Pritam Singh, Univantage, [[Singapore Management University|SMU]], October 2011</ref> He was later awarded the [[Chevening Scholarship]] for postgraduate studies at [[King's College London]], where he completed a [[Master of Arts]] degree in war studies in 2004.<ref>[http://ukinsingapore.fco.gov.uk/en/visiting-uk/studying-in-uk/our-scholarships/015chevening-04Aug2011 2011's Chevening Scholars] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120718161411/http://ukinsingapore.fco.gov.uk/en/visiting-uk/studying-in-uk/our-scholarships/015chevening-04Aug2011 |date=18 July 2012 }}, British High Commission Singapore website, retrieved 8 April 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/warstudies/people/alumni/news.aspx News from our alumni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825174639/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/warstudies/people/alumni/news.aspx |date=25 August 2012}}, kcl.ac.uk, retrieved 8 April 2012.</ref>

Singh joined the Workers' Party and was elected to [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] in the [[2011 Singaporean general election|2011 general election]], and has retained his parliamentary seat in subsequent elections. That same year, Singh completed a [[Juris Doctor]] degree at the [[Singapore Management University]] as well as qualifying for the [[Bar (law)|bar]]. In 2013, Singh joined the litigation and dispute resolution practice at [[Donaldson & Burkinshaw]], Singapore's oldest law firm.

Singh was elected Secretary-General of the Workers' Party on 8 April 2018 as part of a leadership renewal, succeeding [[Low Thia Khiang]]. Singh was the 9th ''[[de facto]]'' [[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]] between 2018 and 2020. After the [[2020 Singaporean general election|2020 general election]], his party emerged as the largest opposition party in Parliament, and he was appointed 1st ''[[de jure]]'' [[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]] by [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] [[Lee Hsien Loong]].

==Early life and education==
Singh was born on 2 August 1976 in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koh |first1=Jamie |title=Sikh community |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-29_174120.html |website=Infopedia |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Parliament Profile">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gov.sg/mps/list-of-current-mps/mp/details/pritam-singh|title = MP | Parliament of Singapore}}</ref> He grew up the younger of two children.<ref name="straitstimes.com">{{cite news |title=Lunch With Sumiko: WP chief Pritam Singh on the need to keep calm and stay grounded |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/lunch-with-sumiko-keep-calm-and-stay-grounded |access-date=27 March 2023 |agency=Straits Times |date=17 January 2021}}</ref>

He attended Woodsville Primary School, Belvedere Primary School, [[Bukit Merah Secondary School|Saint Thomas Secondary School]] — under the [[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Normal Level|Normal (Academic) stream]], and [[Jurong Junior College]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Teo |first1=Melissa |title=Dropouts, neighbourhood schools and Normal stream: These people made it big without going to 'elite schools' |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/dropouts-neighbourhood-schools-and-normal-stream-these-people-made-it-big-without-going |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=AsiaOne |date=17 September 2021}}</ref> He graduated from the [[National University of Singapore]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[history]] in 2000 under the [[Singapore Armed Forces]]'s Local Study Award scholarship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pritam Singh is Singapore's first formally designated Leader of the Opposition |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/people/pritam-singh |website=Tatler Asia |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref>

He also graduated from [[King's College London]] in 2004 with a [[Master of Arts]] degree in [[war studies]] under the [[Chevening Scholarship]].<ref name="cna180408"/>

Singh also completed a diploma in [[Islamic studies]] from the [[International Islamic University Malaysia]] in 2005.<ref>[http://wp.sg/wpge/candidates/pritam-singh-2/ Pritam Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626121923/http://wp.sg/wpge/candidates/pritam-singh-2/ |date=26 June 2011}}, wp.sg, retrieved 6 April 2012.</ref> In 2007, Singh founded Opinion Asia, an online commentary syndicate with a focus on issues related to Asia and Asians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.smu.edu.sg/images/law/pdf/ST_20110508_1.pdf|title=Pritam Singh|website=law.smu.edu.sg|publisher=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925024834/https://law.smu.edu.sg/images/law/pdf/ST_20110508_1.pdf|archive-date=25 September 2019|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref> He obtained a [[Juris Doctor]] degree from the [[Singapore Management University]] in 2011.<ref name="cna180408"/><ref name="donburk"/>

==Career==
===Military career===
Singh enlisted in the [[Singapore Armed Forces]] in 1994 and served as a commissioned officer between 1996 and 2002. During his service, he was a [[Singapore Combat Engineers|combat engineer]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Loss of fellow NSman hits close to home': WP's Pritam Singh on Aloysius Pang's death |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/pritam-singh-aloysius-pang-death-tribute-nsman-909036 |website=CNA |access-date=10 December 2021 |language=en |date=24 January 2019}}</ref> At present, he is a reservist commander with the rank of [[Major]].<ref name="cna180408"/>

===Legal career===
In 2013, Singh joined the litigation and dispute resolution practice at [[Donaldson & Burkinshaw]], Singapore's oldest law firm.<ref name="donburk">{{cite web |url=http://www.donburk.com.sg/pritamsingh.html |title=SINGH Pritam |access-date=2013-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502120255/http://www.donburk.com.sg/pritamsingh.html |archive-date=2015-05-02 }}, Donaldson & Burkinshaw website, retrieved 3 February 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pritam Singh elected as new Workers' Party chief |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/pritam-singh-elected-new-workers-party-chief-072133647.html |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=sg.news.yahoo.com |date=8 April 2018 |language=en-SG}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Pritam Singh Singapore 3.jpg|thumb|Singh posing with a family at a [[hawker centre]]]]
[[File:Pritam Singh Singapore 2.jpg|thumb|Singh with an elderly constituent]]
Singh joined the Workers' Party while completing a juris doctor degree at the Singapore Management University, citing its "level-headedness and leadership" as his primary motivator.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hussain |first1=Zakir |title=Postgraduate law student is potential WP candidate |url=https://law.smu.edu.sg/images/law/pdf/ST_20110402_5.pdf |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The Straits Times |date=2 May 2011}}</ref>

During the [[2011 Singaporean general election|2011 general election]], Singh was part of the five-member Workers' Party team which contested in [[Aljunied Group Representation Constituency|Aljunied GRC]]. The team included the party's secretary-general [[Low Thia Khiang]], chairwoman [[Sylvia Lim]] and members [[Chen Show Mao]] and [[Muhamad Faisal bin Abdul Manap]]. They faced the team from the incumbent [[People's Action Party]] (PAP), which was led by [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Foreign Affairs minister]] [[George Yeo]]. The Workers' Party's team defeated the PAP team by 72,289 votes (54.7%) to 59,829 (45.2%),<ref>
[http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-2011-ge/aljunied-grc.html Parliamentary General Election 2011: Aljunied GRC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330065404/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-2011-ge/aljunied-grc.html |date=30 March 2012}} , singapore-elections.com, retrieved 6 April 2012.</ref> marking the first occasion in Singapore's history in which an opposition party had won an election in a GRC.

Since the election, Singh has represented the [[Geylang East|Eunos]] ward within the constituency in Parliament.<ref>[http://aljunied.wp.sg/mps/pritam-singh/ MP for Aljunied GRC, Eunos Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406195413/http://aljunied.wp.sg/mps/pritam-singh/ |date=6 April 2012}} , aljunied.wp.sg, retrieved 6 April 2012.</ref> Singh was appointed as the assistant secretary general on the party's executive council.<ref>
[http://wp.sg/our-organisation/executive-council/ Executive Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728110917/http://wp.sg/our-organisation/executive-council/ |date=28 July 2013}} , wp.sg, retrieved 6 April 2012.</ref> Singh was also previously the chairman of the Aljunied–Hougang Town Council (AHTC) from 2016 to 2020.

===Leadership of the Workers' Party===
In 2017, after [[Low Thia Khiang]] announced that he was contemplating retirement as well as wanting to rejuvenate the party for "younger blood", Singh was widely regarded to be the next chief of the Workers' Party before the general election that would have been scheduled to be held by 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pritam-singh-tipped-to-be-next-wp-chief|title=Pritam Singh tipped to be next WP chief|date=14 November 2017|work=The Straits Times|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211055326/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pritam-singh-tipped-to-be-next-wp-chief|archive-date=2017-12-11|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Singh was eventually confirmed as secretary-general of the Workers' Party on 8 April 2018 after Low stepped down for a leadership self-renewal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pritam-singh-elected-new-wp-chief-succeeding-low-thia-khiang-10116736|title=Pritam Singh elected new WP chief, succeeding Low Thia Khiang|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=2018-04-29|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408110827/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pritam-singh-elected-new-wp-chief-succeeding-low-thia-khiang-10116736|archive-date=2018-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2020 general election===
The results of the [[2020 Singaporean general election|2020 general election]] saw Singh, together with [[Sylvia Lim]], [[Muhamad Faisal Manap]] and former NCMPs [[Gerald Giam]] and [[Leon Perera]], being re-elected to represent the Aljunied GRC constituents, with an increased share of the vote of 59.95%, defeating the PAP team that received 40.05%.<ref name="CNAAljunied">{{cite news |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ge2020-workers-party-retains-aljunied-grc-12922390 |title=GE2020: Workers' Party retains Aljunied GRC with wider margin against PAP |author=Chew Hui Min |work=Channel News Asia |date=11 June 2020 |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> The Workers' Party had also won [[Hougang Single Member Constituency|Hougang SMC]], its stronghold which has been held since 1991,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/ge2020-workers-party-retains-hougang-smc-with-61-19-of-votes-12922396 |title=GE2020: Workers' Party retains Hougang SMC with 61.19% of votes |last=Yeoh |first=Grace |work=Channel News Asia |date=11 July 2020 |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> and the newly created [[Sengkang Group Representation Constituency|Sengkang GRC]],<ref name="CNAAljunied"/> the first time the Workers' Party had won a general election in a second GRC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2020-results-wp-projected-to-win-sengkang-grc-with-53-of-votes-based-on-sample-count|title = GE2020 official results: WP wins Sengkang GRC with 52.13% of votes, clinching its second GRC|newspaper = The Straits Times|date = 11 July 2020|last1 = Toh|first1 = Wen Li|last2 = Lim|first2 = Yan Liang}}</ref>

Singh is a member of the Estate and Liaison Committee and the Tenders and Contracts Committee. He is the Town Councillor of the Public Relations Committee in the Aljunied–Hougang Town Council (AHTC).

===Leader of the Opposition===
Following the 2020 general election in which the Workers' Party won ten seats, Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] decided to formally designate Singh as [[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]], and said that he would be "provided with appropriate staff support and resources" to carry out his new parliamentary appointment role.<ref name="ST11Jul20" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlhusR7McMg |title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on GE2020 results: 'We have a clear mandate' |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=11 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712020524/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlhusR7McMg |archive-date=12 July 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to this, the leader of the opposition was an unofficial ''de facto'' position in Parliament as the [[Constitution of Singapore|Constitution]] and standing orders of Parliament did not provide for such a position. With the creation of the formal office, Parliament announced that the appointment holder will draw an annual salary of [[Singapore dollar|S$]]385,000, double the salary of a regular Member of Parliament. Singh decided to donate half of the allowance increase from his new appointment for his party, charitable causes as well as his residents' needs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/wp-chief-pritam-singh-clarifies-that-he-will-donate-half-his-salary-increase-not-half-his |title=WP's Pritam Singh clarifies he will donate half his salary increase as Opposition Leader, not half his entire salary|date=1 August 2020|website=The Straits Times}}</ref>

==Political positions==
In 2020, Singh recommended a universal monthly minimum wage of S$1,300 in place of [[progressive wage]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ho |first1=Grace |title=WP chief Pritam Singh calls for universal minimum wage with $1,300 base |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/wp-chief-pritam-singh-calls-for-universal-minimum-wage-with-1300-base |website=www.straitstimes.com |access-date=27 February 2023 |language=en |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> In 2023, Singh advocated for a mandatory knowledge of the [[Singapore English|English language]] when accessing aspirants of [[Singaporean nationality law|citizenship]] or [[permanent residency in Singapore|permanent residency]] in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tang |first1=Louisa |title=Pritam Singh advocates for English test in Singapore citizenship, PR applications |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/new-citizen-permanent-resident-singapore-application-english-test-pritam-singh-josephine-teo-3309261 |website=CNA |access-date=27 February 2023 |language=en |date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Singh is of Indian origin and is a practising [[Sikh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title=Want new citizens who know Singapore; not here for powerful passport: Opposition leader Pritam Singh |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/latest-updates/want-new-citizens-who-know-singapore-not-here-for-powerful-passport-opposition-leader-pritam-singh/articleshow/98298318.cms |access-date=2023-09-16 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kor |first1=Kian Beng |title=Chen: I never stopped being a Singaporean |url=https://law.smu.edu.sg/images/law/pdf/ST_20110426_1.pdf |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Straits Times |date=26 April 2011}}</ref> He married Loveleen Kaur Walia, a Singaporean theatre practitioner, in 2012.<ref name="straitstimes.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/wp-s-pritam-singh-ties-the-knot-in-colourful-ceremony.html|title=WP's Pritam Singh ties the knot in colourful ceremony|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en-SG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053640/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/wp-s-pritam-singh-ties-the-knot-in-colourful-ceremony.html|archive-date=2017-12-11|url-status=live}}</ref> The couple have two daughters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wp-chief-pritam-singh-now-father-of-two-baby-girl-delivered-by-emergency-caesarian|title=WP chief Pritam Singh now father of 2; baby girl delivered by emergency caesarian|first=Royston|last=Sim|date=2018-08-17|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=2019-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102143248/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wp-chief-pritam-singh-now-father-of-two-baby-girl-delivered-by-emergency-caesarian|archive-date=2019-01-02|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=Q7245929|c=Category:Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|q=Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}

*[https://www.parliament.gov.sg/mps/list-of-current-mps/mp/details/pritam-singh Pritam Singh] on [[Parliament of Singapore]]
*[https://www.wp.sg/candidates/pritam-singh/ Workers' Party of Singapore profile]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|sg}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]]|years=2020–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Low Thia Khiang]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Unofficial Leader of the Opposition]]|years=2018–2020}}
{{s-non|reason=Position abolished}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Zainul Abidin bin Mohamed Rasheed|Zainul Abidin Mohamed Rasheed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Parliament of Singapore|Member of Parliament]] for [[Aljunied GRC]] (Eunos)|years=2011–present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Low Thia Khiang]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Workers' Party of Singapore|Secretary-General of the Workers' Party]] | years=2018–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{end}}

{{Workers' Party (Singapore)}}
{{Navboxes|title=Member of multiple Parliaments of Singapore|list=
{{14th Parliament of Singapore}}
{{13th Parliament of Singapore}}
{{12th Parliament of Singapore}}
}}
{{Singapore Legal Profession}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Pritam}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National University of Singapore alumni]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Singapore Management University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Singapore]]
[[Category:Workers' Party (Singapore) politicians]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:21st-century Singaporean lawyers]]
[[Category:Singaporean Sikhs]]
[[Category:Singaporean politicians of Indian descent]]

Sapekhati

2023-09-08T19:02:56Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Page formed.

'''Sapekhati''', also known as '''Sapekhati Gaon''', is a village in [[Sivasagar district]], [[Assam]], India. Its latitude and longitude are 27.1101125, 95.1623119. Its population on the 2011 census was 1212.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapekhati Gaon Village Population - Sonari - Sivasagar, Assam |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/293090-sapekhati-gaon-assam.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

The village was the location of the crash of a [[B-29 Superfortress]] bomber during [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scientists ID WWII-era airman killed in 1944 bomber crash as 33-year-old Michigander |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/scientists-id-wwii-era-airman-killed-1944-bomber-crash-33-year-old-michigander |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Associated Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Sivasagar district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Aflatoon (2023 film)

2023-07-19T21:21:48Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Wrote an informative guide.

{{Infobox film
| name = Aflatoon (अफलातून)
| image = Aflatoon 2023 film.jpg
| director = [[Paritosh Painter]]
| writer = Paritosh Painter
| producer = Rajeev Kumar Saha
| starring = [[Johny Lever]] [[Siddharth Jadhav]] [[Paritosh Painter]]
| cinematography = Suresh Deshmane
| music = Kashyap Sompura
| studio = Saha & Sons Studios Ideas The Entertainment Company
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2023|07|21|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Aflatoon''''' ({{Translation|Maverick}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[comedy-drama film]] directed by [[Paritosh Painter]] and produced by Rajeev Kumar Saha.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Aflatoon' teaser: Johnny Lever and Siddharth Jadhav starrer is all set to tickle your funny bone- Watch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/aflatoon-teaser-johnny-lever-and-siddharth-jadhav-starrer-is-all-set-to-tickle-your-funny-bone-watch/articleshow/101391430.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film stars an ensemble cast of [[Siddhartha Jadhav]], Paritosh Painter, Jayesh Thakkar, [[Johnny Lever]], Bharat Dabholkar, [[Shweta Gulati]], [[Tejaswini Lonari]], [[Vijay Patkar]], [[Resham Tipnis]], Jesse Lever and Vishnu Mehra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Saam |title=Upcoming Marathi Movie : सिद्धार्थ जाधव - जॉनी लिव्हरसह दमदार कास्ट असलेला ‘अफलातून’ लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://www.saamtv.com/entertainment/siddharth-jadhav-vijay-patkar-johny-lever-comedy-movie-aflatoon-releasing-soon-psd94 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Saam TV {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Johnny Lever: जॉनी लिव्हरचा मुलासोबत पहिल्यांदाच अभिनय, या मराठी सिनेमात झळकणार |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/johnny-lever-work-with-son-jesse-lever-in-aflatoon-marathi-movie-drj96 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
==Premise==
This is the story of three detective friends, Shri, Adi and Manav, who take up the task of helping a girl who has been cheated.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dange |first=Pooja |title=Aflatoon Teaser Out : सिद्धार्थ जाधव - जॉनी लिव्हरच्या कॉमेडीचा डबल डोस ; अफलातून टीजर प्रदर्शित |url=https://www.saamtv.com/entertainment/siddharth-jadhav-johnny-levers-upcoming-marathi-comedy-movie-aflatoon-teaser-out-psd94 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Saam TV {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Siddhartha Jadhav]] as Shree
* [[Paritosh Painter]] as Adi
* Jayesh Thakkar as Manav
* [[Johnny Lever]] as Nawab Sahab
* Bharat Dabholkar as Mr. Ganesh D'souza
* [[Shweta Gulati]] as Durdevi Maria
* [[Tejaswini Lonari]] as Alia Sawant<ref>{{Cite web |title=तेजस्विनी लोणारीचा 'अफलातून' डॅशिंग अंदाज |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/592163/tejaswini-lonari-dashing-role-in-aflatoon-movie/ar |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=पुढारी |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aflatoon Tejaswini Lonari: सुंदर तेजस्विनी पहिल्यांदाच झाली डॅशिंग पोलीस, सिनेमातला अफलातुन लुक व्हायरल |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/tejaswini-lonari-first-time-will-played-goa-police-in-upcoming-film-aflatoon-marathi-movie-drj96 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
* [[Vijay Patkar]]
* [[Resham Tipnis]]
* Jesse Lever as Aftab<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Video: ‘अफलातून’ चित्रपटातून जॉनी लिव्हर यांचा मुलगा करणार मराठी मनोरंजन विश्वात पदार्पण! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/videos/aflatoon-marathi-movie-johnny-lever-s-son-jessey-lever-debut-in-acting-141688457399420.html |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
* Vishnu Mehra

== Production ==
It is the first film which features real life father-son duo Johnny Lever and Jesse Lever together.<ref name=":1" />

== Soundtrack ==
The songs and background music are composed by Kashyap Sompura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aflatoon {{!}} Song - Maka Naka {{!}} Entertainment - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/marathi/aflatoon-song-maka-naka/videoshow/101693230.cms |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Maka Naka
| length1 = 2:50
| lyrics1 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra1 = [[Avadhoot Gupte]] [[Vaishali Samant]]
| total_length = 2:50
}}

== Release ==
''Aflatoon'' is scheduled to be theatrically released on 21 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |title='अफलातून' चित्रपट दिवशी येणार प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीस |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/aflatoon-marathi-movie-teaser-release-siddharth-jadhav-and-johnny-lever-movie-1188606 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28232127|Aflatoon}}

[[Category:2020s Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2020s buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Upcoming films]]
[[Category:Upcoming Indian films]]

Mr. Bachelor

2023-07-17T18:12:54Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Wrote an inspiring article.

{{Infobox film
| name = Mr. Bachelor
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Naidu Bandaaru
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Srinivas L. Hanumanth Rao Swarnalatha D.
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]]
*Nimika Ratnakar
*[[Milana Nagaraj]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sri Crazy Mindz
| editing = Sri Crazy Mindz
| music = [[Manikanth Kadri]]
| studio = Milind Raso Studios Sri Chandra Productions
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|1|6}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mr. Bachelor''''' is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Naidu Bandaaru and starring [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]], Nimika Ratnakar, and [[Milana Nagaraj]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/darling-krishna-teams-up-with-nimika-ratnakar-for-his-next/articleshow/80102578.cms|title=Darling Krishna teams up with Nimika Ratnakar for his next|work= The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/darling-krishnas-mr-bachelor-will-release-on-january-6/articleshow/96514009.cms|title=Darling Krishna's 'Mr. Bachelor' will release on January 6|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]] as Karthik
* Nimika Ratnakar as Pallavi
*[[Milana Nagaraj]] as Pallavi
*[[Chikkanna]] as Chikku
*Giri Shivanna as Giri
*Ayyappa P. Sharma
*Yash Shetty
*[[Pavitra Lokesh]]

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "A significant part of Krishna’s role reminds us of his own Love Mocktail series. He brings in all-around entertainment and also gets to showcase a bit of his dancing skills".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/jan/07/mr-bachelor-movie-review-an-effective-timepass-entertainer-2535389.html|title='Mr. Bachelor' movie review: An effective timepass entertainer|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "Darling Krishna appears natural in romantic comedies but he soon needs to find the right scripts".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/mr-bachelor-movie-review-a-tasteless-adult-comedy-1178665.html|title='Mr Bachelor' movie review: A tasteless adult comedy|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "''Mr Bachelor'' is the latest in a streak of romantic comedies for Darling Krishna, which has become his forte. This film touches on the question of relationships and marriage, while throwing in some thriller elements".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mr-bachelor/movie-review/96781286.cms|title=Mr. Bachelor Movie Review : An engaging romantic comedy that serves its purpose|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Anayadikuthu Waterfalls

2023-07-08T03:17:52Z

Bollywoodreporter471:

{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{short description|Waterfalls in Kerala, India}}
{{Infobox waterfall|name=Anayadikuthu Waterfalls|photo=|photo_caption=|location=[[Idukki district]], [[Kerala]], India|coords=|elevation=|type=|height=|height_longest=|average_width=|number_drops=|average_flow=|watercourse=|image=Anayadikuthu waterfalls.jpg}}

'''Anayadikuthu Falls''', also known as '''Anachadi Kuth Falls''' is located in the [[Idukki district]], [[Kerala]], India, 20 km from [[Thodupuzha|Thodopuzha]]. It is located on the way to the [[Thommankuthu|Thommankuth]] Ecotourism point. During the [[monsoon]], the waterfall rises and flows the maximum. Anayadikuthu is considered as one of the safest waterfalls in the Idukki district, making it a popular family getaway destination. [[Kattadikkadavu]] is located near to Anayadikuthu waterfalls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anayadikuthu: A pristine waterfall waiting to be explored |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2023/02/24/anayadikuthu-waterfall-idukki-neelakurinji-tourism.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

==Overview==
[[File:People with waterfall pouring over them.jpg|thumb|Anayadikuthu waterfall pouring over visitors]]
Anayadikuthu Waterfalls is located on the border of [[Kariyannur|Karimannur]] and [[Vannappuram|Vannapuram]] Panchayats, one kilometer from [[Thommankuthu|Thommankuth falls]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=മനോഹരം, വന്യം; സഞ്ചാരികളുടെ മനംകവരാൻ തൊമ്മൻകുത്ത്, ആനചാടിക്കുത്ത് വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടങ്ങൾ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/travel/destination/thommankuthu-waterfalls-aanachadikuth-waterfalls-thodupuzha-idukki-1.8333156 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> The ancients say that many years ago, herds of elephants from the inner forests used to reach the flat rock above this waterfall to drink water in summer. Legend has it that the name AnayadiKuthu came from a clash between two elephants and one of them fell into the waterfall and died. The waterfall is located at the bottom of the stream that flows through Kambakakanam and Neikuthanal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=മഴക്കാലത്ത് ദൃശ്യവിരുന്നൊരുക്കി ആനയാടിക്കുത്ത് വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/idukki/2020/06/01/idukki-anayadikuthu-waterfalls.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref> There is a concrete bridge for people to walk across the top of the falls. There are monkeys and many types of birds near the waterfall.

==See also==
* [[Kattadikkadavu]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Kerala]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Idukki district]]

{{waterfall-stub}}

Gurcharan Singh Sekhon

2023-06-09T04:30:09Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Creating

{{short description|Singaporean army officer}}
{{other people||Gurcharan Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Gurcharan Singh}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Colonel|COL]] [[Singapore Armed Forces ranks#Suffixes to rank titles|(RET)]]
| name = Gurcharan Singh Sekhon
| native_name = ਗੁਰਚਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੇਖੋਂ
| native_name_lang = [[Punjabi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1937|}}
| nickname = "Father of the Engineers", "The Unsmiling Colonel", "Guru"<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIONEER - The unsmiling colonel|url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/pioneer/article/regular-article-detail/people/2020-Q4/09nov20_news1/!ut/p/z1/jZBPC4JAFMQ_kbznc1U8moX9UctC2_YiezATbJUSgz59dlUy323gN_OGAQEchJJdWci2rJWsen0RVmbvl94aGUVoBQxjP41029ghkgHnAeAfzR5A90TmgVhsgpjjxx_n4jz_BCCm47f_HvQL0CP0wgJEI9ubVqprDbzJ66bKgRMSajEDjo6qO8JM5a-n3rcSg1yK7O8uqzhNDUSfjYDxcP-qN_ck4e9g4WxK9wMKwFvL/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.mindef.gov.sg|language=en}}</ref>
| allegiance = Singapore
| branch = Army
| serviceyears = 1966–1989
| rank = [[File:07-RSA-OF05.svg|20px]] [[Colonel]]
| unit =
| commands = [[Assistant Chief of General Staff (Operations)]] [[Singapore Combat Engineers|Chief Engineer Officer]] [[Goh Keng Swee Command and Staff College|Commandant, Singapore Command and Staff College]]
| relations =
| laterwork = Managing the design and construction of golf courses
}}
[[Colonel]] [[Singapore Armed Forces ranks#Suffixes to rank titles|(RET)]] '''Gurcharan Singh Sekhon''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: {{lang|pa|ਗੁਰਚਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੇਖੋਂ}}, born 1937) is a retired Singaporean army officer. Nicknamed "Father of the Engineers", he is a pioneer of the [[Singapore Armed Forces]], credited with setting up the [[Singapore Combat Engineers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/55511901/singapore-at-50-50-sikhs-and-their-contributions|title=Singapore at 50: 50 Sikhs and their contributions|publisher=Young Sikh Association|year=2015|isbn=9789810977481|editor-last=Singh|editor-first=Malminderjit|location=Singapore|pages=66–69|editor-last2=Singh|editor-first2=Sarabjeet|editor-last3=Kaur|editor-first3=Harsimar|editor-last4=Singh|editor-first4=Hernaikh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2016|title=Speech by Col (Retd.) Lim Yeow Pheng|url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/20160724002/SPEECH%20BY%20CHAIRMAN%20OF%20THE%20COMMEMORATIVE%20BOOK%20EDITORIAL%20COMMITTEE%20COL%20(RET)%20LIM%20YEOW%20PHENG%20AT%20THE%20LAUNCH%20OF%20'50%20SAF%20PIONEERS'%20NOSTALGIC%20MARCH%20-%209%20AUG%202015'%20BOOK.pdf|website=National Archives of Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 1996|title=Speech by Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the Sikh Singaporeans and Singapore Khalsa Association National Day Dinner 1996|url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/lhl19960825s.pdf|access-date=19 November 2020|website=National Archives of Singapore|quote="We are honouring several of them tonight, including retired Justice Choor Singh, COL (Rtd) Gurcharan Singh, MP and lawyer Mr Davinder Singh, and this year's Businessman of the Year, Mr Kartar Singh Thakral."}}</ref> He served as the 6th Commandant of the [[Goh Keng Swee Command and Staff College|Singapore Command and Staff College]] from 1979–1981, and thereafter as the Assistant Chief of General Staff (Operations) of the [[Singapore Army]], an appointment today held by an officer of [[one-star rank]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army|url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/army/about-the-army/organisation-structure/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zizf1dnD0MTIz8_N2cXAwC3d1MQ9yNggwMXM31w9EUBIc6ARX4-AR5hIUYeAYa60cRo98AB3A0IE4_HgVR-I0P14_Ca4WvOYYCTC8SsqQgNzQ0wiDTEwABiuJY/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119042057/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/army/about-the-army/organisation-structure|archive-date=19 November 2020|access-date=19 November 2020|website=www.mindef.gov.sg|language=en}}</ref> In July 1967, he became a graduate of Singapore's first batch of officer cadets.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=PIONEER - The unsmiling colonel|url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/pioneer/article/regular-article-detail/people/2020-Q4/09nov20_news1/!ut/p/z1/jZBPC4JAFMQ_kbznc1U8moX9UctC2_YiezATbJUSgz59dlUy323gN_OGAQEchJJdWci2rJWsen0RVmbvl94aGUVoBQxjP41029ghkgHnAeAfzR5A90TmgVhsgpjjxx_n4jz_BCCm47f_HvQL0CP0wgJEI9ubVqprDbzJ66bKgRMSajEDjo6qO8JM5a-n3rcSg1yK7O8uqzhNDUSfjYDxcP-qN_ck4e9g4WxK9wMKwFvL/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119042034/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/pioneer/article/regular-article-detail/people/2020-Q4/09nov20_news1|archive-date=19 November 2020|access-date=19 November 2020|website=Pioneer Magazine, Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|language=en}}</ref> Of that batch, he was the first to command a specialist branch, to hold this command alongside command of a battalion, to command the Singapore Command and Staff College, and to command the First Division of the Singapore Armed Forces.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Singapore|first=Prime Minister's Office|date=2018-12-27|title=PMO {{!}} PM Lee Hsien Loong at SAFTI Inaugural Commissioning Parade Golden Jubilee Dinner|url=http://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/pm-lee-hsien-loong-safti-inaugural-commissioning-parade-golden-jubilee-dinner|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Prime Minister's Office Singapore|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gurcharan Singh Sekhon was born in a [[Jat]] Sikh family in 1937 to Mall Singh, a disciplinarian who owned a farm in [[Aljunied Road]] with cows and buffaloes, and who later became a successful moneylender.<ref name=":0" /> His early life was disrupted by the [[Japanese invasion of Singapore|Japanese invasion]] and subsequently [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|occupation of Singapore]], and he described these experiences as formative. He attended a Japanese school, with strict and uncaring teachers who caned their students. At home, he lived with a reality of Japanese raids. Following the [[Surrender of Japan]] in 1945, he joined [[Saint Andrew's School, Singapore|Saint Andrew's School]], which he enjoyed and where he held multiple leadership positions, a rare occurrence for non-Christians in the school at that time.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Singapore at 50: 50 Sikhs and their contributions|publisher=Young Sikh Association|year=2015|isbn=9789810977481|editor-last=Singh|editor-first=Malminderjit|location=Singapore|pages=66–69|editor-last2=Singh|editor-first2=Sarabjeet|editor-last3=Kaur|editor-first3=Harsimar|editor-last4=Singh|editor-first4=Hernaikh}}</ref> Gurcharan Singh secured a place at the [[University of Malaya]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]] in 1959, and went on to secure a degree in engineering. Following his graduation, he worked for a dredging company in Malaysia.<ref name=":0" />

== Military career ==
Some time after he began working, his father Mall Singh, and then Assistant Commissioner of Police in Singapore Gurdial Singh, called to ask him to enter the [[uniformed services]]. Singh was reluctant, but did not want to disappoint his father, so he returned to Singapore in March 1966 and underwent recruitment tests. He joined the [[Singapore Armed Forces]] three months later, at the age of 29.<ref name=":0" />

As one of the oldest recruits and one of the few with a university degree, he became an obvious choice as a group leader. He eventually became a [[Platoon leader|platoon commander]]. When the [[SAFTI Military Institute|Singapore Armed Forces Training Institute]] (today known as the SAFTI Military Institute) was established in 1967, a plan was included for a wing to train [[Combat engineer|combat engineers.]] Alongside [[Chng Teow Hua]] (who would later become Commissioner of the [[Singapore Civil Defence Force]]),<ref name=":0" /> he was selected to attend a basic engineer officer's course in [[Fort Belvoir|Fort Belvoir, Virginia]]. He left for the course having just completed his training as an officer cadet, leaving him unable to attend his own [[Commissioned officer|commissioning ceremony]].<ref name=":1" /> When they returned from the course, the two junior officers and their commanding officer, [[Major]] George Mitchell, conducted the first Engineer Commanders’ Course in Singapore, spanning April to August 1968. These officers then formed the nucleus of the Singapore Combet Engineers. Singh was fondly referred to as the "Father of Engineers". Singh remained with the combat engineers until 1984. Singh was also the first man from the first batch of SAFTI Military Institute to command the Command Staff College as well as the first man to command the First Division from his batch. At that point, Singh was one of three Sikh colonels in a group of seven colonels in the Singapore Armed Forces.<ref name=":0" />

He was later selected to attend the [[United States Army Command and General Staff College]] at [[Fort Leavenworth|Fort Leavenworth, Kansas]], from which he graduated in 1975.<ref name=":1" />

== Retirement ==
Following his retirement, Singh applied his engineering knowledge to the design and construction of golf courses. He also became a member of the [[Singapore Sports Council]], the Singapore Rugby Association, the Singapore Cricket Association and was President of the Singapore Khalsa Association.<ref name=":0" /> Singh was in charge in building the Singapore Central Sikh Temple as well assisted in building the Silat Road Sikh Temple

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh Sekhon, Gurcharan}}
[[Category:Military of Singapore]]
[[Category:Military of Singapore under British rule]]
[[Category:Singapore Army]]
[[Category:Singaporean military leaders]]
[[Category:Singaporean colonels]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Tom Singh

2023-03-24T03:52:05Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Tom Singh

{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tom Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1949|08}}
| birth_place = Punjab, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| education = [[Wellington School, Somerset|Wellington School]]
| alma_mater = [[Aberystwyth University|University of Wales, Aberystwyth]]
| occupation = Businessman
| known for = Founder of [[New Look (company)|New Look]]
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| boards =
| spouse = Kuljit Singh
| children = 2
| parents =
| relatives = [[Simon Singh]] (brother) [[Anita Anand (journalist)]] (sister-in-law) 
| website =
}}

'''Tom Singh''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE}} (born August 1949) is the founder of the [[New Look (company)|New Look]], a chain of high street fashion stores in the [[United Kingdom]].

==Early life==
Singh was born into a Punjabi Sikh family,<ref name="auto">{{cite news|last=Leroux|first=Marcus|title=Bigshot of the week|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article7025684.ece|accessdate=4 February 2011|newspaper=The Times|date=13 Feb 2011|location=London}}</ref> who emigrated from the Punjab to England in the late 1940s when he was a baby.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/1096499.new_looks_tom_singh_honoured_with_an_obe/|title=New Look's Tom Singh honoured with an OBE|website=Bournemouth Echo|accessdate=3 July 2018}}</ref> He was educated at [[Wellington School, Somerset|Wellington School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetcountygazette.co.uk/news/taunton_news/15265127.From_Wellington_market_stall_to___385million_-_the_incredible_rise_of_Tom_Singh/|title=From Wellington market stall to £385million - the incredible rise of Tom Singh|website=Somerset County Gazette|accessdate=3 July 2018}}</ref> He earned a degree in international politics and geography from the [[Aberystwyth University|University of Wales, Aberystwyth]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="spearswms.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.spearswms.com/britains-bollygarchs/|title=Britain's Bollygarchs|date=29 April 2010|publisher=|accessdate=3 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://magentapartners.com/team/tom-singh-bio/|title=Tom Singh – Magenta Partners|date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421033841/http://magentapartners.com/team/tom-singh-bio/|archive-date=2018-04-21}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1969, Singh founded the UK fashion retail chain [[New Look (company)|New Look]] in [[Taunton]], Somerset, starting with a loan from his parents of £5,000.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/2808595/Top-20-Richest-Asians.html|title=Top 20 Richest Asians|first=Josephine|last=Moulds|date=7 May 2007|publisher=|accessdate=3 July 2018|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/New-Look-founder-Singh-to-bag-200m/articleshow/2046073.cms|title=New Look founder Singh to bag £200m - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 May 2007 |publisher=|accessdate=3 July 2018}}</ref>

In 2019, his net worth was estimated at £340 million by The ''[[Sunday Times Rich List]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunday-times-rich-list-2019-profiles-351-399-queen-elton-john-david-beckham-tfs5wbck9|title=Rich List 2019: profiles 351-399=, featuring the Queen, Elton John and David Beckham|last=Times|first=The Sunday|newspaper = [[The Times]]|date=2019-05-12|access-date=2019-09-09|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

In June 2019, Singh announced his departure from New Look.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Look founder Tom Singh departs - Retail Gazette|url=https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2019/06/new-look-founder-tom-singh-departs/|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.retailgazette.co.uk|date=7 June 2019 }}</ref>

In 2020, Singh invested in Love the Sales, an online marketplace for discounted clothes.<ref>{{Cite news|title=New Look founder Tom Singh backs Love the Sales website|newspaper=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/new-look-founder-tom-singh-backs-love-the-sales-website-kf7tbc76c|access-date=2021-11-12|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

==Honours==
He was appointed an [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] in the [[New Year's Honours List]] December 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rod and Zara top New Year Honours|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6217693.stm|work=BBC News website|accessdate=4 February 2011|date=30 December 2006}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
He is also the principal of Rianta Philanthropy, an India-focused [[impact investing]] fund that operates the Artha Platform, an investor network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techsangam.com/2013/05/28/artha-platform-closed-social-enterprise-version-angel-list-challenge/ |title=Artha Platform, closed social enterprise version of Angel List, announces Challenge |author=Vishy Kuruganti|date=May 28, 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is married to Kuljit Singh.<ref name="indiatimes.com"/> They live in [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]], Dorset.<ref name="spearswms.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1565586/New-Look-heir-dies-in-car-crash.html|title=New Look heir dies in car crash|first=Gary|last=Cleland|date=8 October 2007|publisher=|accessdate=3 July 2018|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> He is the eldest brother of author and broadcaster [[Simon Singh]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Tom}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:English businesspeople in fashion]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:Alumni of Aberystwyth University]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:People educated at Wellington School, Somerset]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:British company founders]]
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]

Ranj Dhaliwal

2022-09-24T09:59:36Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Created page with ''''Ranj Dhaliwal''' (born July 14, 1976) is a Paralegal and bestselling Canadian crime-fiction novelist best known for his novel ''Daaku,'' and...'

{{short description|Canadian author|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ranj Dhaliwal ਰਣਜ ਧਾਲੀਵਾਲ
| image = Ranj Dhaliwal.jpg
| birth_name = Ranj Dhaliwal
| birth_date = 1976/1977
| birth_place = [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, Canada
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Writer
| nationality = Canadian
| period = 2006–present
| genre = [[Crime fiction]]
| website = {{URL|www.ranjdhaliwal.com}}
}}

'''Ranj Dhaliwal''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਰਣਜ ਧਾਲੀਵਾਲ; born 1976/1977) is a Canadian author.

==Early life==
Born in Vancouver, Dhaliwal grew up in Surrey Central, British Columbia in the 1980s, which was a time when [[Indo-Canadians|Indo-Canadian]] families were scattered across the suburbs. Unfortunately this was a time when minorities were subjected to discrimination and racism, which Dhaliwal faced firsthand.

During his youth, Dhaliwal grew up with kids that at the early age of 13 were packing guns, stealing cars, getting into fights, making alliances, and selling drugs at school with police always close by watching the beginning of the Indo-Canadian gang culture rise.<ref name="Quill & Quire">{{cite web|last=Hanson|first=Cheri|title=Gangs Of B.C.|url=http://www.quillandquire.com/authors/profile.cfm?article_id=7383|work=Quill & Quire|date=19 September 2006 |publisher=St. Joseph Media|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="News 1130">{{cite web|title=Well-Known Gangster Believed To Be Victim in Fatal Shooting|url=http://www.news1130.com/Local/Article/358314|work=News 1130|publisher=Rogers Communications|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ranj Dhaliwal is a [[Sikh]]. He and his wife live in [[Surrey, British Columbia]] and have three sons.<ref name=SurreyLeader>{{cite web|last=Reynolds|first=Sheila|title=Is There Life Outside The Underworld?|url=http://www.surreyleader.com/entertainment/134002858.html|work=SurreyLeader|publisher=BlackPress|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=DesiToday>{{cite web|title=DAAKU DELIGHT : Ranj Dhaliwal promises sequel to saga – but not just yet|url=http://www.desitoday.ca/daaku-delight-ranj-dhaliwal-promises-sequel-to-saga-but-not-just-yet/|publisher=DesiToday|accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/ranj-dhaliwal-on-indo-canadian-gangs/|title=Ranj Dhaliwal on Indo-Canadian gangs: Canada's stories|date=29 June 2014|access-date=21 September 2016}}</ref>

==Writing career==
In 2006, Dhaliwal's first novel ''[[Daaku]]'' was published. The release of Dhaliwal's novel was the subject of controversy in the South Asian community for breaking the code of silence in the Indo-Canadian community, though not based on a true story.<ref name=CBC>{{cite web|title=New Book On Indo-Canadian Gangs Stirs Controversy|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2006/10/16/bc-indo-canadian.html|work=CBCNews|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref>

In 2011, Dhaliwal's second novel ''Daaku: [[The Gangster's Life]]'' was published.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=ABC>{{cite web|title=Dhaliwal, Ranj|url=http://www.abcbookworld.com/view_author.php?id=8731|work=ABC Bookworld|publisher=BC Bookworld|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref>

Ranj Dhaliwal is currently working on his third novel ''Gangland'', which is predicted to be released in 2016. A fourth novel ''Gang Related'' is also in the works and set to be released in coming years.<ref name="DesiToday"/>

==Community and politics==
Dhaliwal was praised as an important community leader by the Walrus magazine in his bid to gain control of a controversial Sikh temple in Surrey, BC that was involved in a violent and bloody clash between fundamentalists and moderates over edicts from the head priest of Sikhs. Dhaliwal was elected in and became the Vice-President elect of the temple in 2008. He then resigned to focus his attention on at-risk youth while a litigious battle ensued in the courts over his slate's election.<ref name=SAP>{{cite web |title=Writer Quits Gurdwara Body in Surrey, BC |url=http://www.southasiapost.org/2009/20090228/canada.htm#4 |date=28 February 2009 |work=South Asia Post |accessdate=27 August 2009}}</ref><ref name=Walrus>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Timothy|title=Showdown On Scott Road|url=http://walrusmagazine.com/article.php?ref=2009.09-religion-sikh-youth-daaku-Indo-Canadian-timothy-taylor&page=|work=Walrus Magazine|publisher=The Walrus Foundation|accessdate=17 May 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311191958/http://walrusmagazine.com/article.php?ref=2009.09-religion-sikh-youth-daaku-Indo-Canadian-timothy-taylor&page=|archivedate=11 March 2012}}</ref>

Dhaliwal continues to be involved in politics in Surrey and coordinates youth programs. Because of his active involvement in the community, Ranj has been called upon to mediate local disputes and conflicts.<ref name=":0" /> His involvement in politics isn't just locally, as Dhaliwal brings Sikh leaders from India to tour Canadian Sikh temples.<ref name=SurreyLeader />

Dhaliwal has worked with aboriginal and environmental law organizations for many years, and volunteers with several organizations aimed at helping at-risk youths.<ref name="Quill & Quire" /><ref name=":0" /> Dhaliwal speaks on organized crime at high schools and universities, and alongside police officers in an effort to educate youth about the dangers of the gangster lifestyle.<ref name=SurreyLeader /><ref name="Nes1130 B">{{cite web|last=Johnston|first=Jesse|title=Don't Put Gangsters' Faces On Wanted Posters: Crime Expert|url=http://www.news1130.com/news/local/article/359550--don-t-put-gangsters-faces-on-wanted-posters-crime-expert|work=News1130|publisher=Rogers Communications|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Order of Release
! Title
! Year
! Page Count
! Notes
|-
| 1.
| ''[[Daaku]]''
| 2006
| 312
| Print {{ISBN|9781554200276}}, ebook {{ISBN|9780987811905}}
|-
| 2.
| ''[[The Gangster's Life]]''
| 2011
| 288
| Print {{ISBN|9781554200597}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|1=http://www.ranjdhaliwal.com}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhaliwal, Ranj}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian novelists]]
[[Category:Canadian male novelists]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Canadian writers of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:Organized crime novelists]]
[[Category:People from Surrey, British Columbia]]
[[Category:Writers from Vancouver]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian male writers]]

Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)

2022-02-06T00:06:19Z

Bollywoodreporter471: Wrote an insightful write-up.

#REDIRECT [[Ministry of Heavy Industries]]
{{R from move}}