Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar

2026-05-24T15:17:26Z

Bogdansry: Redirect article

#Redirect [[Zee Marathi]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to list entry}}
}}

Sundaranga Jaana

2026-05-05T21:04:55Z

Bogdansry: Adding A Post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sundaranga Jaana
| image = Sundaranga Jaana Kannada Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = [[Ramesh Aravind]]
| producer = [[Rockline Venkatesh]] [[Allu Aravind]]
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Guruprasad
}}
| screenplay = Ramesh Aravind
| story = [[Maruthi]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''|[[Maruthi]]}}
| starring = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] [[Shanvi Srivastava]] [[Rangayana Raghu]] [[Devaraj]]
| narrator =
| music = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cinematography = Manohar Joshi
| editing = Jo. Ni. Harsha
| studio = [[Rockline Venkatesh|Rockline Entertainments Pvt Ltd]] [[Geetha Arts#GA2 Pictures (Vasu and Aravind)|GA2 Pictures]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2016|12|23}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sundaranga Jaana to release on 23 December|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14051-sundaranga-jana-release-postponed-to-december-23rd.html|website=Chitraloka|accessdate=29 November 2016|archive-date=29 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129150128/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14051-sundaranga-jana-release-postponed-to-december-23rd.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| runtime = 135 Minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Sundaranga Jaana''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಸುಂದರಾಂಗ ಜಾಣ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic comedy film]] directed by [[Ramesh Aravind]] and produced by [[Rockline Venkatesh]] and [[Allu Aravind]] under the banner Rockline Entertainments Pvt. Ltd and GA2 Pictures. A [[remake]] of the 2015 [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]'', the film stars [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Shanvi Srivastava]] in the lead roles, with [[Devaraj]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]] and [[Vasishta N. Simha]] featuring in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Between Shots They say Cheese|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Between-Shots-They-say-Cheese/2016/03/16/article3328800.ece|accessdate=23 April 2016|work=The New Indian Express|date=16 March 2016|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507193133/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Between-Shots-They-say-Cheese/2016/03/16/article3328800.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Veena|title='Gandu Endare Gandu' Go On Floors Tomorrow, Feb 24!|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/ganesh-ramesh-aravind-next-gandu-endare-gandu-go-on-floors-217008.html|accessdate=23 April 2016|work=Filmibeat.com|date=25 February 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304013043/http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/ganesh-ramesh-aravind-next-gandu-endare-gandu-go-on-floors-217008.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The title of the film was taken from a track of the same title from the 1970 Kannada film ''[[Samshaya Phala]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ganesh's next is Gandu Endare Gandu|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganeshs-next-is-Gandu-Endare-Gandu/articleshow/50818092.cms|accessdate=23 April 2016|work=The Times of India|date=2 February 2016|archive-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314004307/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganeshs-next-is-Gandu-Endare-Gandu/articleshow/50818092.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was earlier titled as ''Gandu Endare Gandu'' and later rechristened to ''Sundaranga Jaana''. Filming began on 25 February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/ganesh-and-shanvi-srivastava-next-gandu-endare-gandu-launched-217319.html|title=LAUNCHED: Ganesh & Shanvi Srivastava Starred 'Gandu Endare Gandu'|website=filmibeat.com|accessdate=29 March 2016|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408043042/http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/ganesh-and-shanvi-srivastava-next-gandu-endare-gandu-launched-217319.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/13835-gandandre-gandu-renamed-as-sundaranga-jana.html|title=Gandandre Gandu Renamed As Sundaranga Jana|publisher=Chitraloka|date=4 October 2016|access-date=6 October 2016|archive-date=6 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006105022/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/13835-gandandre-gandu-renamed-as-sundaranga-jana.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2016/11/18/452869.html|title=Haadutha aadutha banda sundaranga Jaana|publisher=Prajavani|date=18 November 2016|access-date=25 January 2018|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134946/http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2016/11/18/452869.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Lakshman Prasad alias Lucky is an absent-minded junior [[botanist]], who gets easily distracted by everything. Lucky's father Anjaneya Prasad arranges his marriage with the daughter of Panduranga Rao, who runs a [[security company]]. Rao soon breaks the alliance after learning about Lucky's mental condition and warns him not to show up again. On his way to donate blood to his boss, Lucky gets diverted after seeing and falling in love with Nandana, a [[kuchipudi]] dance teacher, and also creates a positive impression by unknowingly donating blood to one of her students.

In their frequent meetings, Lucky keeps forgetting things, but manages to hide this shortcoming from Nandana by claiming he is a philanthropist. Lucky is unaware of the fact that Nandana is Rao's daughter, whom he was supposed to marry before. Rao's friend "Wrong Talk" Ramanujam's son Ajay, a [[police inspector]], also falls in love with Nandana, while she is waiting for Lucky's proposal. While trying to propose on her birthday, Lucky ends up taking Nandana's pregnant sister-in-law, who is experiencing labour pains, to a nearby hospital. After the delivery, Nandana proposes to Lucky, and they decide to get married. Nandana informs Lucky that her father has accepted their proposal and wants to meet him.

Lucky and Rao meet as strangers when Rao insults Lucky after an incident with a little girl, who was about to fall into a pond. Lucky later realises that Nandana is Rao's daughter and flees. Lucky makes his friend Ali pose as Nandana's lover to Rao, while he joins Rao as an apprentice. When Nandana's relatives attend the [[naming ceremony]] of the newborn child, Rao's nephew assumes Ali is her potential lover, and all the others assume Lucky is Nandana's suitor. Rao's nephew becomes further confused when Lucky visits a sick Nandana to spend some quality time with her.

A few days later, Rao wants Lucky to escort Nandana and her relatives to [[Srisailam]]. While driving, Lucky misses a turn and reaches the outskirts of [[Bangalore]], but takes them to a nearby temple and explains that it is a very historically significant temple. Ajay, who is confused about the identity of Nandana's lover (as Lucky and his friend keep changing places depending on who is around at the moment) manages to learn Lucky's identity. When they all arrive back home in the morning, Ajay reveals Lucky's mental condition to Nandana and they break up. On the day of Nandana's engagement with Ajay, Rao, who has become aware of the sincerity of Lucky's love, advises her to choose Lucky over Ajay.

When Ajay protests over this, Ramanujam advises Ajay against making any stupid attempts to marry Nandana by force and tells him to choose someone else. Rao meets Lucky's parents and reveals that he has been aware of his love for Nandana, and says he is willing to get Nandana and Lucky married to each other. Lucky, by now, decides to settle in [[Canada]]. Rao and Lucky's parents head to the airport, but the Canada flight takes off. When they get disappointed, Rao and Lucky's parents notice that Lucky is still sitting in the passenger lounge. When they enquire, Lucky tells them that his forgetfulness had made him take his passbook instead of his passport. Nandana comes to the airport and meets Lucky. Lucky and Nandana marry and they live happily in their fantasy world.

==Cast==
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Lucky alias Lakshman Prasad.
* [[Shanvi Srivastava]] as Nandana alias Nandu, Panduranga Rao's daughter
* [[Devaraj]] as Panduranga Rao, Nandana's father
* [[Ravishankar Gowda]] as Ali, Lucky's friend
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Anjaneya Prasad, Lucky's father
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Hanumantha Rao, Nandana's uncle
* [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] as "Wrong Talk" Ramanujam, Panduranga Rao's friend and Ajay's father
* [[Vasishta N. Simha]] as [[Inspector]] Ajay
* [[Pradyumna Narahalli]] as Gungru, Lucky's friend
* [[Veena Sundar]] as Lucky's mother
* [[Jyothi Rai]] as Nandana's sister-in-law
*[[Ramesh Aravind]] as himself in a guest appearance

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Sundaranga Jaana
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2016
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:57
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Sipaayi (2016 film)|Sipaayi]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Srikanta (film)|Srikanta]]
| next_year = 2017
}}

[[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] composed the film's songs. Lyrics were penned by Jayant Kaikini and two debutant lyricists [[Pradyumna Narahalli]] and Balu. The soundtrack album consists of four tracks.

{{tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Kalkond Bitte
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Pradyumna Narahalli]]
| length1 = 3:47
| title2 = Ee Santhelu Siguva
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Santhosh Venky]]
| lyrics2 = [[Jayant Kaikini]]
| length2 = 3:29
| title3 = Fly Fly... Fly Fly
| extra3 = Lavanya, [[Shashank Sheshagiri]]
| lyrics3 = [[Pradyumna Narahalli]]
| length3 = 3:24
| title4 = Nandana
| extra4 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| lyrics4 = Balu
| length4 = 3:17
}}

== Reception ==
S. Shyam Prasad of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and verdicted "Overall, Ramesh Aravind has created a perfect holiday film for the family."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/sundaranga-jaana-movie-review-this-is-a-perfect-holiday-film-for-the-whole-family/articleshow/56145479.cms|title=Sundaranga Jaana movie review: This is a perfect holiday film for the whole family|first=Shyam Prasad|last=S.|date=23 December 2016|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801233312/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/sundaranga-jaana-movie-review-this-is-a-perfect-holiday-film-for-the-whole-family/articleshow/56145479.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "This film is especially for people who love their quintessential filmi tales, replete with a good dose of romance, comedy and masala."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sundaranga-jaana/movie-review/56152072.cms|title=SUNDARANGA JAANA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 December 2016|first=Sunayana|last=Suresh|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=2 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802020602/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sundaranga-jaana/movie-review/56152072.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> S. M. Shashiprasad from ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote "With the right proportion of comedy, romance and a pinch of emotion Sundaranga Jaana is perfect mix for an hilarious journey."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/241216/sundaranga-jaana-movie-review-forget-not-to-laugh.html|title=Sundaranga Jaana movie review: 'Forget' not to laugh|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|first=Shashiprasad|last=S. M.|date=24 December 2016|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801233311/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/241216/sundaranga-jaana-movie-review-forget-not-to-laugh.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A. Sharadhaa from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "The excellent production qualities are evident right from the beginning and the laudable performances by Ganesh and Shanvi just add to the joy of watching the film. Watch Sundaraanga Jaana for a balanced dose of wit with twists."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2016/Dec/24/sundaranga-jaana-review-clean-humour-with-ample-twists-1552459.html|title=Sundaranga Jaana review: Clean humour with ample twists|date=24 December 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801233313/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2016/dec/24/sundaranga-jaana-review-clean-humour-with-ample-twists-1552459.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|7915634}}

{{Ramesh Aravind}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Rockline Entertainments films]]
[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ramesh Aravind]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]

Rajnandgaon railway station

2026-04-28T03:06:29Z

Bogdansry: Made initial stub needs work...

{{short description|Railway station Chhattisgarh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Rajnandgaon राजनंदगांव
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Rajnandgaon Railway Station.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = Rajnandgaon, Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|21.1006|81.0386|format=dms|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline, title}}
| elevation = {{convert|307|m|ft}}
| line = [[Bilaspur–Nagpur section]] of [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]]
| other =
| structure = At ground
| platform = 4
| tracks =
| parking = Available(paid)
| opened = 1880
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1934–45
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = RJN
| zone = [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]]
| division = Nagpur
}}
| owned =
| operator =
| status = Active
| former =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Chhattisgarh#India
| map_dot_label = Rajnandgaon
| map_caption = Location in [[Chhattisgarh]]##Location in India
}}

'''Rajnandgaon Railway Station''' serves [[Rajnandgaon]] in [[Rajnandgaon district]] in the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raj Nandgaon Railway Station (RJN) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/raj-nandgaon-rjn-station|access-date=2021-10-14|website=[[NDTV]]|language=en}}</ref> and it is the best way to reach [[Rajnandgaon]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Reach {{!}} District Rajnandgaon, Govt of Chhattisgarh, India {{!}} India|url=https://rajnandgaon.nic.in/how-to-reach/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=[[National Informatics Centre]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ways to reach Rajnandgaon|url=https://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/raipur-rajnandgaon.html|website=[[MakeMyTrip]]}}</ref>

==History==
The [[Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway]] started construction of the {{convert|240|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Nagpur–Rajnandgaon section in 1878, after surveys were started in 1871. The Nagpur–Tumsar Road section was opened in April 1880 and the Tumsar Road–Rajnandgaon section in December 1880.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1312278598168-Tourist%20Places.pdf | title = Nagpur Division| publisher = | access-date = 2012-11-20 }}</ref>

The [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] was formed in 1887 for the purpose of upgrading the [[Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway]] and then extending it via [[Bilaspur Junction railway station|Bilaspur]] to [[Asansol Junction railway station|Asansol]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://railwaysofraj.blogspot.in/2011/08/number-1-down-mail.html |title = Number 1 Down Mail|last= |first= | publisher= Railways of the Raj| access-date = 2012-11-10 }}</ref> The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to Asansol, on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]], was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891.<ref name=ser>{{cite web|url=http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|title=Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway|publisher=South Eastern Railway|access-date=2012-11-10|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1|archivedate=1 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The cross country [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]] was opened in 1900.<ref name=ser/>

===Railway reorganisation===
The [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] was nationalized in 1944.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = IR History: Part - III (1900–1947)|last= |first= | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-11-21}}</ref>[[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]] was formed on 14 April 1952 with the portion of [[East Indian Railway Company]] east of [[Mughalsarai]] and the Bengal Nagpur Railway.<ref name=zones>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone |title = Geography – Railway Zones|last= |first= | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-11-21 }}</ref> In 1955, [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]] was carved out of Eastern Railway. It comprised lines mostly operated by BNR earlier.<ref name=zones/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history4.html |title = IR History: Part - IV (1947–1970)|last= |first= | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2012-11-21 }}</ref> Amongst the new zones started in April 2003 were [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]] and [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]]. Both these railways were carved out of South Eastern Railway.<ref name=zones/>

==Trains==
12441/12442 [[Bilaspur Rajdhani Express]] passes through this station. It arrives on Sunday, Wednesday at 8:40 from New Delhi and departs on Monday, Thursday at 16:58 for New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trains that Passes from Rajnandgaon|url=https://www.yatra.com/indian-railways/raj-nandgaon-rjn-railway-station|website=[[Yatra (company)]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.holidayiq.com/Rajnandgaon-Train-Tickets-Booking-Internet-Online-904.html Trains at Rajnandgaon]
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=South East Central Railway zone|left=Murhipar|right=Musra|type=[[Bilaspur–Nagpur section]] of [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]]}}

{{Railway stations in Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Rajnandgaon]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Rajnandgaon district]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1880]]
[[Category:Nagpur CR railway division]]

Pooja Dhingra

2026-04-25T16:59:20Z

Bogdansry: Made initial stub needs work

{{Short description|Indian pastry chef and businesswoman (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox chef
| honorific_prefix =
| name =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Pooja image 1.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Chef Pooja Dhingra at the Le15 Central Kitchen
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1986}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| education = [[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim]] [[César Ritz Colleges|César Ritz College]] [[Le Cordon Bleu]]
| spouse =
| style = [[French cuisine|French]]
| ratings = 
| restaurants = Le15 Patisserie
| prevrests = 
| television = 
| awards = 
| website = {{URL|le15.com}}
| module =
}}
'''Pooja Dhingra''' (born 1986) is an Indian [[pastry chef]] and [[businesswoman]]. She opened India's first [[macaron]] store and is the owner of bakery chain Le15 Patisserie that specialises in macarons and a host of French desserts.<ref name=bbc/>

==Biography==
Dhingra was born into a family interested in gastronomy. Both her father and her brother Vaarun Dhingra are restaurant owners. She attended the famous-[[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim|Bombay Scottish School]] in Mumbai. When still young, Dhingra learnt the art of baking from her aunt.<ref name=sp/> She initially enrolled at a law school in Mumbai before quitting in 2004, switching careers to attend a hospitality and management course at the [[Cesar Ritz Colleges|César Ritz school]] in [[Le Bouveret]], Switzerland.<ref name=sp/> Three years later, she began training at [[Le Cordon Bleu]] in Paris.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|last1=Pandya|first1=Kinjal|title=India's 'macaron queen'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-31292963|accessdate=16 February 2015|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Milan|title=Macaroons make Pooja Dhingra's cash register ring|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-11/news/29761050_1_french-cuisine-tarts-flavours|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726084247/https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-11/news/29761050_1_french-cuisine-tarts-flavours|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-07-26|accessdate=16 February 2015|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=11 July 2011}}</ref> There she came across her first macaron at one of [[Pierre Hermé]]'s patisseries.<ref>{{cite news|last1=K.|first1=Bhumika|title=Miss Macaron|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/miss-macaron/article6130145.ece|accessdate=16 February 2015|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 June 2014}}</ref> After completing her course, Dhingra returned to Mumbai and opened her first store in March 2010 with the single goal of creating Parisian styled culinary experiences in India.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Chanda|first1=Kathakali|title=Pooja Dhingra: Bringing Macarons to Mumbai|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30/pooja-dhingra-bringing-macarons-to-mumbai/37179/1|accessdate=16 February 2015|magazine=[[Forbes India]]|date=19 February 2014}}</ref> In 2016, Dhingra expanded her enterprise, opening a new location called Le15 Café in South Mumbai. While signature desserts named after French women will be featured, the cafe's menu includes simple, savoury food main course dishes.<ref name="Vij (2016)">{{cite news|last1=Vij|first1=Gauri|title=Where sweet and savoury meet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-mumbai/where-sweet-and-savoury-meet/article8221502.ece|accessdate=17 July 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 February 2016|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

When she opened her Mumbai business in 2010, she had a staff of only two. By October 2014, she had as many as 42. Her ambition is to open establishments throughout India.<ref name=sp>{{cite web|url=http://www.cesarritzcolleges.edu/media/swiss_education_group/document/0/cesar-ritz-alumni-international-recruitment-forum.pdf|title=La femme qui régale tout Bollywood|author=Pirolt, Sabine|publisher=L'Hebdo: Cesar Ritz Colleges|date=30 October 2014|accessdate=18 July 2016|page=61|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816165752/http://www.cesarritzcolleges.edu/media/swiss_education_group/document/0/cesar-ritz-alumni-international-recruitment-forum.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

She has been featured in national dailies and is a regular in fashion and lifestyle glossies not just for her abilities in the kitchen, but also as a dynamic businesswoman. Some consider her an inspiration to women. she was selected by Forbes India for inclusion in their ‘30 Under 30’ achievers list for 2014 and the Forbes 30 under 30 Asia list.

She has published two books, a best seller (in India) on baking.<ref name=bbc/> and The Wholesome Kitchen

She joined Chef [[Vikas Khanna]] and Chef [[Ranveer Brar]] as a judge of [[MasterChef India – Hindi (season 8)|''MasterChef India – Hindi 8'']] airing on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].
<ref name= "India Today">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/masterchef-india-pooja-dhingra-joins-chef-vikas-ranveer-as-co-judge-in-new-season-2426521-2023-08-25|title='MasterChef India': Pooja Dhingra joins Vikas, Ranveer as judge in new season|website=India Today|date=25 August 2023 }}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book| title=The Big Book of Treats| first1=Pooja |last1=Dhingra |author-mask=0 |publisher=Penguin Books India| year=2014 |isbn=978-0143422686 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Twitter}}
* [http://www.le15.co.in Le 15]
* [https://penguin.co.in/book_author/pooja-dhingra/ Pooja Dhingra] at [[Penguin India]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhingra, Pooja}}
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian chefs]]
[[Category:Pastry chefs]]
[[Category:Indian cookbook writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Alumni of Le Cordon Bleu]]

Rajendra University

2026-04-24T16:49:28Z

Bogdansry: Made some post and citations...

{{Short description|University in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Rajendra University
| native_name = Prajna Vihar
| image = Rajendra University Logo.png
| motto = आरोह तमसो ज्योतिः
| established = {{start date and age|3 July 1944}} (as College) {{start date and age|1 September 2020}} (as University)
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of Odisha]]
| vice_chancellor = Bibhuti Bhusan Malik
| city = [[Balangir]]
| postalcode = 767002
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = India
| coor ={{Coord|20.702142|N|83.467356|E|format=dms|region:IN-OR_type:edu|display=title, inline}}
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| campus = Urban
| website = {{url|https://rajendrauniversity.ac.in/}}|
}}

'''Rajendra University''', formerly known as '''Rajendra Autonomous College''' is situated in [[Balangir]], [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref name="test">{{Cite web |title=Front Page |url=https://rajendrauniversity.ac.in/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Rajendra University |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The university was established as an Intermediate college in 1944 by Maharaja [[Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo]], the erstwhile ruler of [[Patna State]] and one of the former [[Chief Ministers of Odisha]] as ''Rajendra College''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rajendrauniversity.ac.in/about-university/|title=ABOUT UNIVERSITY|newspaper=Rajendra University |publisher=www.rajendrauniversity.ac.in |access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref>

It started degree courses in July 1944 by offering B.A. (pass) class. It became a full-fledged degree college after the affiliation of Commerce Faculty (B.Com. class) in 1964–65 and Science faculty (B.Sc. class) in 1965–66. From 1978 to 1979, it started offering post graduate courses in Arts, Science and Commerce. From 1967 to 2002, this college was affiliated to [[Sambalpur University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suniv.ac.in/upload/List_of_Colleges%2520_Aff.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiYhaPQm5n7AhXoSmwGHUhMBbYQFnoECAwQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2GV2UKbXPl2OJTALDCSbuj|title=List of Colleges affiliated to Sambalpur University|date=6 Nov 2022}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The college was granted autonomy from 1 April 2002.

In December 2019, the college celebrated its platinum anniversary where Vice President of India [[Venkaiah Naidu]] was to inaugurate, but couldn't because of bad weather. He delivered a video message and inaugurated the function.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vice President's visit to Balangir cancelled due to bad weather|work=NFTV December 27, 2019|publication-place=Jharsuguda|url=https://newsfast.tv/vice-presidents-visit-to-balangir-cancelled-due-to-bad-weather/|access-date=6 November 2022|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106093049/https://newsfast.tv/vice-presidents-visit-to-balangir-cancelled-due-to-bad-weather/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

It was upgraded by the [[Government of Odisha]] to a university on 1 September 2020. Deepak Kumar Behera was appointed as first vice chancellor of this university.<ref>{{Cite news|title=First VC of Rajendra University in Balangir of Odisha appointed|work=[[Kalinga TV]] Jun 19, 2020|publication-place=Bhubaneswar|url=https://kalingatv.com/state/first-vc-of-rajendra-university-in-balangir-of-odisha-appointed/|access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Platinum jubble.jpg|thumb|Platinum Jubilee Gate]]

In 2020, [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] sanctioned 50 crores for development of this university.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Odisha CM announces Rs 50 crore package for Rajendra University|work=[[The Times of India]] Jan 2, 2020, 10:48 IST|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/rajendra-university-gets-rs-50cr-for-infra-development/articleshow/73051235.cms|access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>

==Academics==
The college offers three-year degree courses and two-year post-graduate degree programmes in following departments.

===Arts===

* Department of English
* Department of History
* Department of Political Science
* Department of Economics
* Department of Odia
* Department of Hindi
* Department of Sanskrit
* Department of Geography
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Education
* Department of Philosophy

===Science===

* Department of Physics
* Department of Chemistry
* Department of Botany
* Department of Zoology
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Computer Science

===Commerce===

* Department of Commerce

==Affiliated colleges==
The university has jurisdiction over colleges in [[Balangir district|Balangir]] and [[Subarnapur district]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location
|-
| Agalpur Panchayat Samiti College, Roth, Balangir || rowspan="28" |[[Balangir district|Balangir]]
|-
| Agalpur Science College, Agalpur, Balangir
|-
| Anchalik Degree Mahavidyalay, Kusang, Balangir
|-
| College Of Teacher Education, Balangir
|-
| Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) College, Titilagarh, Balangir
|-
| Kantabanji Degree Vocational College, Kantabanji, Balangir
|-
| Government Ayurvedic College, Balangir
|-
| Government Bolangir College (Even.) Balangir
|-
| Government Women's College, Balangir
|-
| Jagannath College, Sahajbahal, Balangir
|-
| Jawaharlal College, Patnagarh, Balangir
|-
| Jyoti Vikash College, Bhainsa, Balangir
|-
| Loisinga College, Loisinga, Balangir
|-
| Mahimunda College, Mahimunda, Balangir
|-
| Panchayat Samiti College, Muribahal, Balangir
|-
| Panchyat Degree College, Ghasian, Balangir
|-
| Panchayat Samiti Degree College,Bangomunda, Balangir
|-
| Panchayat Samiti 3 Mahavidyalaya Deogaon, Balangir
|-
| Panchayat Samiti College, Belpada, Balangir
|-
| Panchayat Samiti College, Lathore, Balangir
|-
| Patneswari Women's College, Patnagarh, Balangir
|-
| Radheshyam Anchalik Degree College, Bilaisarda, Balangir
|-
| Saswat Mahavidyalaya Jarasingha, Balangir
|-
| Sudam Charan Degree College, Chandanbhati, Balangir
|-
| Sushree Institute of Technical Education, Sadaipali, Balangir
|-
| Tusra Degree College, Tusra Balangir
|-
| Yuvadaya College of Advanced Technology, Balangir
|-
| +3 Women's College, Kantabanji
|-
| Area Education Society (AES) College, Tarbha, Subarnapur || rowspan="11" |[[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
|-
| Biju Patnaik Degree Women's College, Sonepur
|-
|Birmaharajpur College, Birmaharajpur, Subarnapur
|-
| Dunguripali College, Dunguripali, Subarnapur
|-
| Gram Panchayat College, Lachhipur, Subarnapur
|-
| Jaloe Degree College, Jaloe, Subarnapur
|-
| Panchayat Samiti Degree College, Ullunda, Subarnapur
|-
| Shree Ram College, S.Rampur, Subarnapur
|-
| Sidhartha College, Binka, Subarnapur
|-
| Sonepur College,Sonepur, Subarnapur
|-
| Anchaliik Degree College, Subalaya, Subarnapur
|} Ghuna degree college ghuna, Balangir

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://rajendrauniversity.ac/ Rajendra University Balangir website]
*[http://rajendracollege.nic.in/Gallary/index.htm Rajendra College Balangir photo gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124011056/http://www.rajendracollege.nic.in/Gallary/index.htm |date=24 November 2018 }}

{{Universities in Odisha}}
{{Department of Higher Education, Odisha}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendra University}}
[[Category:Balangir]]
[[Category:Department of Higher Education (Odisha)]]
[[Category:Autonomous Colleges of Odisha]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Odisha]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1944]]
[[Category:1944 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Sambalpur University]]
[[Category:Rajendra University| ]]

Sangrur Assembly constituency

2026-04-22T16:51:31Z

Bogdansry:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Punjab legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sangrur
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 108
| map_image = 108-Sangrur.svg
| mla = [[Narinder Kaur Bharaj]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1951
| electors = {{formatnum:189838}} (2022)<ref name="electors2022">{{Cite web|title=Vidhan Sabha 2022 Electoral Detail|url=https://www.ceopunjab.gov.in/electoraldetailfinalroll?year=16|access-date=2022-02-04|website=www.ceopunjab.gov.in|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204035852/https://www.ceopunjab.gov.in/electoraldetailfinalroll?year=16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Electors list 2022, 108-Sangrur|url=https://www.ceopunjab.gov.in/summary_page/VS/2022/acsumm108.pdf|access-date=2022-02-04|website=ceopunjab.gov.in|language=pa}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Sangrur in Punjab (India).svg|thumb|Location of [[Sangrur district]] in Punjab (India)]]
'''Sangrur Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 108) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Sangrur district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|title= List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies|accessdate= 19 July 2016|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|archivedate= 23 April 2016|df= dmy-all}}</ref> Constituency consists of [[Sangrur]], [[Bhawanigarh]] and other nearby villages. Current MLA from constituency is [[Narinder Kaur Bharaj]] of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].

==History==
Sangrur constituency was formed in 1951.

===Demographics===
It is categorized as general and semi-urban constituency. According to the report of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission, 2008]], there is around 28.26% [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] population in constituency. A total of 420 square kilometers area and 1,89,838 electors are covered by constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=sangrur Election 2022: sangrur Assembly Seat LIVE Results |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/sangrur-election-result-s19a108/ |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

=== Patiala and East Punjab States Union ===

{|class="wikitable sortable
!Election
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Gajjan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1954]]
|Devinder Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

=== Punjab ===
{|class="wikitable sortable
|+Members of Legislative Assembly<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/sangrur.html|title=Sangrur|website=elections.in|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
!Election
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Rajinder Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Hardit Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| J. Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Akali Dal – Sant Fateh Singh Group}}
|-
|[[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2"|Gurbaksh Singh
|rowspan="2"|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Gurdial Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]]
| [[File:Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa.jpg|50px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Ranjit Singh Balian|Ranjit Singh]]
|
|-
|[[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
| [[Jasbir Singh (politician)|Jasbir Singh]]
|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| [[Ranjit Singh Balian|Ranjit Singh]]
|
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Arvind Khanna]]
| [[File:Arvind Khanna BJP.jpg|50px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Surinder Pal Singh Sibia]]
|
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Parkash Chand Garg]]
| [[File:Parkash Chand Garg with Sardar Naurang Singh Zaildar.jpg|50px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Vijay Inder Singla]]<ref name=election2017/>
| [[File:Shri-Vijay-Inder-Singla.jpg|50px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Narinder Kaur Bharaj]]
|
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
{{Image frame
| content = {{Graph:Chart
| width=500
| height=300
| type=line
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisTitle=Vote share
| xAxisMin=1997
| xAxisMax=2022
| yAxisMin=0
| yAxisMax=0.6
| yAxisFormat=%
| legend=Legend
| y1Title=Congress
| y2Title=Aam Aadmi Party
| y3Title=Shiromani Akali Dal
| y4Title=Shiromani Akali Dal (Mann)
| linewidth=2
| x=1997,2002,2007,2012,2017,2022
| y1=0.4176,0.442,0.5136,0.3888,0.474,0.2652
| y2=,,,,0.25,0.5167
| y3=0.4413,0.1632,0.4128,0.4259,0.243,0.0724
| y4=0.0939,0.0957,,0.0008,0.00131,0.0308
| colors=#00BFFF,#0066A4,#0F204A,#FEA500
| showSymbols=true }}
| map_caption = Graph of election results in Sangrur assembly constituency
| align=center
}}

=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Sangrur<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab-Sangrur: Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS19108.htm?ac=108 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Narinder Kaur Bharaj]]<ref name="2022 Punjab AAP candidates">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Aam Aadmi Party candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-aam-aadmi-party-candidates/2404732/ |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=The Financial Express |date=21 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|votes = 74,851
|percentage = 51.67
|change =+25.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Vijay Inder Singla]]<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>|votes=38,421|percentage=26.52|change=-20.88}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Arvind Khanna]]|votes=13,766|percentage=9.5|change={{New}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Winnerjit Singh Goldy|votes=10,488|percentage=7.24|change=-17.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|candidate=Gurnaib Singh|votes=4,466|percentage=3.08|change=-1.77}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Sanyukt Sangharsh Party|candidate=Jagdeep Singh Mintu Toor|votes=1,209|percentage=0.83|change=New}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 36,430
|percentage = 25.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=144,873|percentage=76.31|change=-4.3}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:189838}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Sangrur<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Vijay Inder Singla]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 67,310
|percentage = 47.4%
|change = +8.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dinesh Bansal
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 36,498
|percentage = 25.7%
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Parkash Chand Garg]]
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 34,510
|percentage = 24.3%
|change = -18.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 768
|percentage = 0.54%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 30,812
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 142,781
|percentage = 80.61%
|change = +0.25
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Shiromani Akali Dal
|swing = +8.52
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>

=== 2012 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Sangrur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Parkash Chand Garg]]
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 53,302
|percentage = 42.59%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Surinder Pal Singh Sibia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 48,657
|percentage = 38.88%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Baldev Singh Mann
|party = PPOP
|votes = 17,665
|percentage = 14.11%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,645
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 125,156
|percentage = 80.36%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2007 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Legislative Assembly Election, 2007]]: Sangrur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Surinder Pal Singh Sibia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 61,171
|percentage = 51.36%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Parkash Chand Garg]]
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 49,161
|percentage = 41.28%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Avtar Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 4,603
|percentage = 3.86%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 12,010
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 119,096
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2002 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Legislative Assembly Election, 2002]]: Sangrur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Arvind Khanna]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 42,339
|percentage = 44.2%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ranjit Singh Balian]]
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 23,203
|percentage = 24.23%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanmukh Singh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 15,630
|percentage = 16.32%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jeet Singh Aloarakh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|votes = 9,168
|percentage = 9.57%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,132
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 95,793
|percentage = 65.7%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.24|75.84|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sangrur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]

Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency

2026-04-20T11:16:44Z

Bogdansry: new

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kanthi Dakshin
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Kanthi Dakshin.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Kanthi Dakshin Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Arup Kumar Das]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[East Medinipur district|East Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Contai]]
| constituency_no = 216
| established = 1951
| electors = 2,24,657
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in East Medinipur district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 216 Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Contai]] municipality, [[Contai I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Durmuth and Kusumpur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Contai III]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 6 August 2015| work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency is part of No. 31 [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Natendra Nath Das
|{{Full party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Rashbehari Pal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Sudhir Chandra Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Satyabrata Maity
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|[[Sisir Adhikari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|[[Sukhendu Maity]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="2"|Sailaja Kumar Das
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|[[Sisir Adhikari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]
|-
|2009^
|[[Dibyendu Adhikari]]
|-
!colspan="4"|''Major boundary changes; constituency renamed as Kanthi Dakshin''
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Dibyendu Adhikari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|2017^
|[[Chandrima Bhattacharya]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Arup Kumar Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanthi Dakshin}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Tarun Kumar Jana
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arup Kumar Das
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Teheran Hossain
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin| title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanthi Dakshin}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Arup Kumar Das]]
|votes = 98,477
|percentage = 50.58
|change = {{increase}}19.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Jyotirmoy Kar
|votes = 88,184
|percentage = 45.3
|change = {{decrease}}10.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Anurup Panda
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 6,014
|percentage = 3.09
|change = {{decrease}}7.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shrabani Pahari
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes = 1,136
|percentage = 3.09
|change = {{decrease}}7.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 870
|percentage = 0.45
|change = {{decrease}}0.28
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 10,293
|percentage = 5.28
|change = {{decrease}}19.64
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,94,681
|percentage = 86.66
|change = {{increase}}4.65
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017 by-election===
The bye election was necessitated by the resignation of the sitting [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Dibyendu Adhikari]], as he was elected as [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]] in the [[Indian Parliament]] from [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]] Lok Sabha Constituency on 19 November 2016.
{{Election box begin |title=2017 by-election: Kanthi Dakshin}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Chandrima Bhattacharya]]
|votes = 95,369
|percentage = 55.89
|change = +2.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sourindra Mohan Jana
|votes = 52,843
|percentage = 30.97
|change = +22.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Uttam Pradhan
|votes = 17,423
|percentage = 10.21
|change = -24.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Naba Kumar Nanda
|votes = 2,270
|percentage = 1.33
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Shrabani Pahari
|votes = 1,476
|percentage = 0.87
|change = +0.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,241
|percentage = 0.73
|change = -0.60
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 42,526
|percentage = 24.92
|change = +5.42
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,70,622
|percentage = 82.01
|change = -2.90
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,08,028
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanthi Dakshin}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Dibyendu Adhikari]]
|votes = 93,359
|percentage = 53.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Uttam Pradhan
|votes = 59,469
|percentage = 34.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kamalesh Mishra
|votes = 15,223
|percentage = 8.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = WPI
|candidate = Sridhar Dash
|votes = 1,038
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Manas Pradhan
|votes = 1,010
|percentage = 0.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = BNP
|candidate = Jahangir Mahammad Shaikh
|votes = 754
|percentage = 0.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
|candidate = Dr. Arun Kumar Giri
|votes = 639
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,311
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 33,890
|percentage = 19.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,73,803
|percentage = 84.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,04,691
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Kanthi Dakshin<ref name="Kanthi Dakshin">{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25216.htm |title = Kanthi Dakshin |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-17 |archive-date = 31 May 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160531074418/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25216.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=216| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519165317/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=216| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Kanthi Dakshin| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Kanthi Dakshin |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Dibyendu Adhikari
|votes = 86,933
|percentage = 57.12
|change = +3.30#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Uttam Kumar Pradhan
|votes = 58,296
|percentage = 38.31
|change = -5.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dr. Kamalesh Mishra
|votes = 5,004
|percentage = 3.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sek Mahammad Jilani
|votes = 1,233
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Biswanath Nayak
|votes = 72
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 152,187
|percentage = 87.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = 9.25
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006. 2009 by election not taken into consideration because of lack of sufficient data.

===2006===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2006]]: Contai South<ref name="Kanthi Dakshin">{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25216.htm |title = Kanthi Dakshin |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-17 |archive-date = 31 May 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160531074418/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25216.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=216| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519165317/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=216| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Kanthi Dakshin| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Kanthi Dakshin |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]
|votes = 68,608
|percentage = 50.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Satyendra Nath Panda
|votes = 60,028
|percentage = 38.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Harisadhan Das Adhikari
|votes = 4,380
|percentage = 3.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chittaranjan Jana
|votes = 1,758
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Adharchandra Nahal
|votes = 842
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 8,580
|percentage = 6.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,35,730
|percentage = (88.3%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing = 9.25
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on BJP+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006. 2009 by election not taken into consideration because of lack of sufficient data.

===1977-2006===
In the by-election held in 2009, because of the election of the sitting MLA [[Suvendu Adhikari]] to parliament from [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Dibyendu Adhikari of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] won the Contai South seat defeating Satyendra Nath Panda of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/pn101109.pdf|title=Results of bye – elections to the 31 (thirty one) Assembly Constituencies and 1(one) Lok Sabha Constituency|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date= 2009-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.colorsofcontai.com/Old/ELECTION.html | title = Trinamool Blooms with Green | publisher = Contai Royals | access-date = 2010-12-12 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110708175640/http://www.colorsofcontai.com/Old/ELECTION.html | archive-date = 2011-07-08 }}</ref>

In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]] Suvendu Adhikari of Trinamool Congress won the Contai South assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Satyendra Nath Panda of CPI. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. [[Sisir Adhikari]] of Trinamool Congress defeated Sukhendu Maiti of CPI in 2001. Sailaja Kumar Das of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] defeated Sukhendu Maity of CPI in 1996 and 1991. Sukhendu Maity of CPI defeated Sailaja Kumar Das of Congress in 1987. Sisir Adhikari of Congress defeated Deepak Mondal, Independent, in 1982. Satyabrata Maity of [[Janata Party]] defeated Sudhir Chandra Das, Independent, in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp211.htm |title = 211 - Contai South Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-07 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
[[Sudhir Chandra Das]] of [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] won in 1972, 1971, 1969, 1967 and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Rashbehari Pal of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]] Natendra Nath Das of [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|KMPP]] won the Contai South seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp |title=Statistical Reports of Elections |access-date=2010-12-01 |work=General Election Results and Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Rajbir Singh

2026-04-20T09:13:30Z

Bogdansry: Made initial biography and citations

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rajbir Singh
| image = Rajbir Singh.jpg
| office = Vice-Chancellor of [[Maharshi Dayanand University]]
| term_start = 21 February 2020
| term_end =
| chancellor =
| predecessor = [[Bijender Kumar Punia]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|7|17|df=y}}<ref name="t445">{{cite web | title=Vice Chancellor of Maharishi Dayanand University Prof Rajbir Singh planted tree on his birthday | website=Jagran | date=18 July 2020 | url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/rohtak-vice-chancellor-of-maharishi-dayanand-university-prof-rajbir-singh-planted-tree-on-his-birthday-20524800.html | language=hi | access-date=5 July 2025}}</ref>
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| occupation = Vice-Chancellor, professor
| children = 2
| office1 = Vice-Chancellor of [[Maharishi Valmiki Sanskrit University]]
| term_start1 = 5 April 2025
| term_end1 =
| office2 = Officiating Vice-Chancellor of [[Maharshi Dayanand University]]
| term_start2 = 7 January 2019
| term_end2 = 20 February 2020
| predecessor1 = Ramesh Bhardwaj
| office3 = Vice-Chancellor of [[Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts]]
| term_start3 = 1 March 2018
| term_end3 = 20 February 2020
| office4 = Director of the Consortium for Educational Communication
| term_start4 = 29 November 2012
| term_end4 = 29 December 2017
| alma_mater = [[Kurukshetra University]]
| signature = Rajbir Sign.jpg
| caption = Professor Rajbir Singh in 2025
| profession = Academic, educator, administrator
| spouse = Sharanjit Kaur
| birth_name = Rajbir Singh Lohan
}}
'''Rajbir Singh''' '''Lohan''' (born 17 July 1964) is an Indian academic and the current Vice-Chancellor of [[Maharshi Dayanand University]] (MDU), Rohtak, Haryana, and [[Maharishi Valmiki Sanskrit University]] (MVSU), Kaithal, Haryana.

He previously served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts]] and Director of the Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) in [[New Delhi]]. During his tenure at MDU, he has overseen academic reforms, international student enrollment, and social outreach initiatives.

== Career ==
From 29 November 2012 to 29 December 2017, Rajbir Singh served as the Director of the Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC), [[New Delhi]], an Inter-University Centre (IUC) under the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).<ref>{{Cite web| title=High quality educational programs' forms, strategies and techniques: Leaves from CEC's experience | url=https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/AsiaPacific/Documents/Events/2017/June-AMS2017/S3_Rajbir_Singh.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418084351/https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/AsiaPacific/Documents/Events/2017/June-AMS2017/S3_Rajbir_Singh.pdf | archive-date=2022-04-18}}</ref><ref>https://cec.nic.in/cec/sites/default/information/circular/Nomination.pdf{{Dead link | date=July 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

From 1 March 2018 to 20 February 2020, he served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Dada Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts]] .<ref name=":2" />

On 7 January 2019, Singh became the officiating Vice-Chancellor of [[Maharshi Dayanand University]] (MDU), a public university in [[Rohtak, Haryana]]. He was appointed as the regular Vice-Chancellor on 21 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof Rajbir is MDU VC |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/prof-rajbir-is-mdu-vc-45334/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=प्रोफेसर राजबीर बने महर्षि दयानंद यूनिवर्सिटी के स्थाई कुलपति, संभाला पदभार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/haryana/rohtak/news/professor-rajbir-became-permanent-vice-chancellor-of-maharishi-dayanand-university-rohtak-126808636.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

On 21 February 2023, his term was extended for three years by [[Bandaru Dattatreya|Bandaru Dattatraya]], the Governor of Haryana and Chancellor of MDU .<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Girish |date=6 January 2025 |title=On completion of 6 years as VC, Prof. Rajbir Singh commits to make MDU a renowned center of academic excellence. |url=https://www.cityairnews.com/content/on-completion-of-6-years-as-vc-prof-rajbir-singh-commits-to-make-mdu-a-renowned-center-of-academic-excellence |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Cityairnews |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=21 February 2023 |title=MDU vice-chancellor gets 3-year extension |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/mdu-vice-chancellor-gets-3-year-extension/articleshow/98109558.cms |access-date=5 July 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MDU VC gets 3-yr extension |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/mdu-vc-gets-3-yr-extension-481688/ |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

During the tenure of Singh, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU) received an A+ grade from the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) in 2019. From the year 2019 to 2023, the university was ranked among the top 100 universities in India under the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) conducted by the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], [[Government of India]]. MDU also maintained the highest position among universities in the state of [[Haryana]] during this period.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The Department of [[Pharmacology]] at Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU) was ranked among the top 50 pharmacology institutes in India. Additionally, in the NIRF Rankings 2024, MDU secured the 35th position among state universities nationwide.<ref name=":1" />

In 2025, Singh met with Haryana Chief Minister [[Nayab Singh Saini]] to discuss MDU’s academic achievements, research initiatives, and social outreach programs.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=1 July 2025 |title=MDU is 1st choice of Students: VC to CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mdu-is-1st-choice-of-students-vc-to-cm/articleshow/122175292.cms |access-date=5 July 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=kumar |first=joginder |date=2 July 2025 |title=एमडीयू कुलपति ने उठाये वित्तीय बोझ, स्टाफ भर्ती के मामले |url=https://www.dainiktribuneonline.com/news/rohtak/mdu-vice-chancellor-took-up-the-financial-burden-staff-recruitment-matters |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=dainiktribuneonline.com |language=hi}}</ref>

Under his leadership, MDU enrolled over 100 international students in 2025, and implemented social connect initiatives involving more than 200,000 students and 5,000 staff members in campaigns like Anaemia Mukt and Nasha Mukt Ghar (drug-free homes).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Growing interest in tech-driven courses, traditional programmes still in demand: MDU VC Rajbir Singh |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/growing-interest-in-tech-driven-courses-traditional-programmes-still-in-demand-mdu-vc-rajbir-singh/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Priyanka |title=MDU Rohtak Launches Nation's First 'Drug-Free Home' Campaign On Panchayati Raj Day News24 - |url=https://news24online.com/india/mdu-rohtak-launches-nations-first-drug-free-home-campaign-on-panchayati-raj-day/542824/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=News24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2025 |title=MDU Rohtak launches country's first 'Drug-Free Home' campaign on National Panchayati Raj Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mdu-rohtak-launches-countrys-first-drug-free-home-campaign-on-national-panchayati-raj-day/articleshow/120605475.cms |access-date=5 July 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कुलपति प्रो. राजबीर सिंह के दो साल के कार्यकाल में एमडीयू को मिली कई उपलब्धियां - Taking over the reins of MDU, Prof. Rajbir Singh got two years - Haryana Rohtak Common Man Issues News |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/rohtak-taking-over-the-reins-of-mdu-prof-rajbir-singh-got-two-years-22361879.html |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

A social connect [[mobile application]] was developed, scheduled for launch by the [[Chief Minister of Haryana]].<ref name=":3" />

In June 2025, Singh announced plans to introduce courses on the Indian traditional knowledge system, highlighting its cultural and practical value during a meeting with department heads.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohtak varsity to set up Centre for Indian knowledge system |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/rohtak-varsity-to-set-up-centre-for-indian-knowledge-system/ |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

On 5 April 2025, Singh was appointed as the Vice Chancellor of [[Maharishi Valmiki Sanskrit University|Maharshi Valmiki Sanskrit University]] in addition to his MDU role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Rajbir takes charge as the new VC of Maharishi Valmiki Sanskrit University in Kaithal |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/campus-buzz/news/dr-rajbir-takes-charge-as-the-new-vc-of-maharishi-valmiki-sanskrit-university-in-kaithal-283781 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.punjabnewsexpress.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Prof. Rajbir Singh is married to Dr. Sharanjit Kaur. The couple has two children, a son named Samarveer Singh and a daughter named Padma Jaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDU के VC प्रो. राजबीर सिंह ने बदली Lifestyle, गिलोय का पानी, नमक के गरारे और बैडमिंटन - Coronavirus lockdown effect MDU VC Professor Rajbir Singh changed his lifestyle |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/panchkula-coronavirus-lockdown-effect-mdu-vc-professor-rajbir-singh-changed-his-lifestyle-20139399.html |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
In 2025, Bengali film director [[Pavel (film director)|Pavel]] has selected Rajbir Singh for a [[documentary film]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohtak News: डॉक्यूमेंट्री फिल्म के लिए चुने गए प्रो. राजबीर सिंह |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/rohtak/prof-rajbir-singh-selected-for-documentary-film-rohtak-news-c-17-roh1020-672009-2025-06-15 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://mdu.ac.in/ASPX/Officers.aspx?Oid=1 MDU official website]
*[https://www.mvsu.ac.in/hi MVSU official website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajbir, Singh}}
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharshi Dayanand University]]
[[Category:Education in Haryana]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Maharshi Dayanand University]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]
[[Category:Educators from Haryana]]
[[Category:Kurukshetra University alumni]]

Jhabrera Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:27:48Z

Bogdansry: new

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jhabrera
| mla = [[Virendra Kumar Jaati]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Haridwar]]
| reservation = SC
| type = SLA
| electors = 121,491 (2022)
| loksabha_cons = [[Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency|Haridwar]]
| constituency_no = 29
| map_image = Jhabrera Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Jhabrera Legislative Assembly constituency (SC)''' is one of the seventy electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]]. It includes [[Jhabrera]] area of [[Haridwar]] District.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=The Election Commission of India|page=509|website=Eci.nic.in|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/RESULTS_2012_Uttarakhand_State.pdf|title=fo/kku lHkk ks= 01&iqjksyk ¼vuq-tk-½|website=Ceo.uk.gov.in|accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref> Jhabrera Legislative Assembly constituency (SC) is a part of [[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx|title=ac_pc|date=19 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619064401/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx|accessdate=10 December 2018|archive-date=2009-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx|title=Assembly Constituencies|date=1 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201021552/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx|accessdate=10 December 2018|archive-date=2010-12-01}}</ref>
The constituency also covers 5 wards of the [[Roorkee Municipal Corporation]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || [[Hari Das]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || [[Deshraj Karnwal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || [[Virendra Kumar (Uttarakhand politician)|Virendra Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jhabrera<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Virendra Kumar (Uttarakhand politician)|Virendra Kumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,652 |percentage=41.55% |change={{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rajpal Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=31,436|percentage=32.94%|change={{decrease}}5.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Aditya Brajwal|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=22,458|percentage=23.54%|change={{decrease}}0.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=385|percentage=0.40%|change={{decrease}}0.04}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,216 |percentage=8.61% |change= {{increase}}5.94 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=95,433|percentage=78.40%|change={{increase}}2.08}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,21,725 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jhabrera<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Deshraj Karnwal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=32,146 |percentage=38.06% |change={{increase}}14.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajpal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,893 |percentage=35.39% |change={{increase}}8.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagavat Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=20,468 |percentage=24.23% |change={{decrease}}8.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vimla |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=470 |percentage=0.56% |change={{decrease}}3.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=373 |percentage=0.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,253 |percentage=2.67% |change= {{decrease}}2.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,462 |percentage=76.32% |change= {{increase}}3.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,668 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bahujan Samaj Party |swing= {{increase}}5.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jhabrera<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hari Das]] |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=22,781 |percentage=32.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajpal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,972 |percentage=27.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vaiyajanti Mala |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,173 |percentage=23.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Budh Singh |party=Rashtriya Lok Dal |votes=3,981 |percentage=5.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Kumar Badi |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=3,031 |percentage=4.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimla |party=Rashtriya Lok Nirman Party |votes=1,373 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Singh Khalsa |party=Communist Party of India |votes=881 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nauratu Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=612 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=496 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaiprakash |party=Maidani Kranti Dal |votes=407 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,809 |percentage=5.49% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,346 |percentage=72.82% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,231 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bahujan Samaj Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|29.81|77.77|display=title}}

[[Category:Haridwar]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Kulattur, Aranthangi, Pudukkottai

2026-04-16T00:54:34Z

Bogdansry: creating

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Short description|Village in India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kulattur, Pudukkottai
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[revenue block]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Aranthangi ]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Panchayat President
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 547
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

''' Kulattur, Pudukkottai''' is a village in the [[Aranthangi block|Aranthangi]] [[revenue block]] of [[Pudukkottai district]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/pr_villages.php |title=Village Boundary Map |accessdate=2011-08-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807133947/http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/pr_villages.php |archivedate=2011-08-07 }}
</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} census, Kulattur had a total population of 547 with 271 males and 276 females in 136 households, with 52 children of age 0–6. 197 men and 122 women were literate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3320_PART_B_DCHB_PUDUKKOTTAI.pdf |title=District Census Handbook: Pudukkottai |pages=122–123 |year=2011 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |location=Tamil Nadu}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Villages in Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Palayam]]

{{Pudukkottai-geo-stub}}

Rajan Pillai

2026-04-11T12:34:12Z

Bogdansry: Made some article initial version

{{Short description|Indian businessman (1947–1995)}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Rajan Pillai
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1947
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = 7 July 1995
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| alias =
| motive =
| charge = Breach of trust and fraud
| conviction =
| conviction_penalty =
| conviction_status =
| occupation = Businessman
| spouse = Neena Pillai
| parents =
| children =
| relatives = [[K. Ravindranathan Nair]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kochipost.com/2020/05/31/the-life-and-death-of-biscuit-king-rajan-pillai/ | title=The Life and Death of 'Biscuit King' Rajan Pillai | date=31 May 2020 }}</ref>
}}

'''Rajan Pillai''' (1947 – 7 July 1995) was an Indian businessman from [[Kerala]], popularly known as the ''Biscuit Baron''. He was to be sentenced to a possible 14-year imprisonment on 23 counts of breach of trust and one of cheating-by the Singapore courts, but died in custody four days after his arrest, largely because he was denied medical treatment while in custody in Delhi, India;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19950731-denied-medical-attention-former-biscuit-baron-rajan-pillai-dies-in-judicial-custody-in-delhi-808253-1995-07-31 | title=Denied medical attention, former biscuit baron Rajan Pillai dies in judicial custody in Delhi | publisher=India Today | date=31 July 1995 | accessdate=14 July 2021}}</ref> the subsequent investigations led to jail reforms.

==Career==
Rajan Pillai was born in [[Kerala]], India in 1947, the son of a trader in [[cashew]]s.

Early in his career, he invested in a five-star hotel project in [[Goa]].<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/10/obituaries/rajan-pillai-47-fugitive-tycoon.html| title=Rajan Pillai, 47, Fugitive Tycoon| date=10 July 1995| access-date=4 May 2013| work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name=independent>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryrajan-pillai-1590758.html| title=OBITUARY:Rajan Pillai| author=Kuldip Singh| date=10 July 1995| access-date=4 May 2013| work=The Independent}}</ref>
In the mid-1970s, Rajan Pillai set up his base in [[Singapore]] with 20th Century Foods packaging [[potato chip]]s and peanuts. He collaborated with Canadian businessman [[F. Ross Johnson]], head of the giant American food corporation [[Standard Brands]]. In 1984, Johnson sent him to [[London]] to head the newly acquired [[Nabisco|Nabisco Commodities]].<ref name=book>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/The-rise-and-fall-of-Biscuit-King/articleshow/801965407.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317105127/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-28/bangalore/27242049_1_rajan-tihar-jail-singapore| url-status=live| archive-date=17 March 2012| title=The rise and fall of Biscuit King| author=Anantha Krishnan M| date=28 August 2001| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=4 May 2013}}</ref>
Soon after, Johnson took over the Asian subsidiaries of Huntley & Palmer, the British biscuit manufacturing company which controlled [[Britannia Industries]], [[India]]'s largest bakery and biscuit-making concern, and handed its entire area of operation in [[Asia]] to Pillai. Pillai became known in India as the 'Biscuit King' or 'Biscuit Baron'.

He took over Nabisco's other Asian subsidiaries. Pillai then established links with [[Groupe Danone|Boussois-Souchon-Neuvesel]] (BSN), the French food company, and by 1989 controlled six Asian companies worth over {{currency|400|USD}} [[million]].

Even though he claimed to own Britannia Industries, he actually controlled only 3 per cent of its equity; the rest of his businesses were a complex interwoven and interdependent financial mesh.<ref name=Advani>{{cite news| title=Rajan Pillai death: Advani rejects probe plea |work=Rediff.com |archive-date= 11 November 2013 | url-status=live |url=http://mypage.rediff.com/money/1998/aug/04rajan.htm |access-date= 27 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131111035857/http://mypage.rediff.com/money/1998/aug/04rajan.htm }}</ref>
In 1993, owing to debt, Pillai began selling off his companies to financial institutions.<ref name=independent/>
The [[Wadia Group]] acquired a stake in Associated Biscuits International (ABIL), and became an equal partner with [[Groupe Danone]] in Britannia Industries Limited. In what ''[[The Economic Times]]'' referred to as one of India's most dramatic corporate sagas,<ref name=pie>{{cite news |title=Pillai's brother eyes global JV for biscuits pie |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-12/news/28384619_1_global-majors-dry-fruit-rajmohan-pillai |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=12 February 2007 |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121130202/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-12/news/28384619_1_global-majors-dry-fruit-rajmohan-pillai |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref>
Pillai ceded control to Wadia and Danone after a bitter boardroom struggle.<ref name=barista>{{cite news |title=Barista to be sold again, for Rs 150–200 cr |url=http://www.articlearchives.com/consumer-products/food-beverage-products-nonalcoholics/1773492-1.html |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 October 2006 |access-date=4 March 2009}}</ref>
Pillai's mentor, Johnson, demanded the return of {{currency|30|USD}} million which he had advanced Pillai to buy Britannia. Singapore's Commercial Affairs Department, which was investigating Pillai's business deals, completed its investigation in March 1993 and charged Pillai on 22 counts of breach of trust and fraud and running up a debt of {{currency|17.2|USD}} million. As a court prepared to pronounce a 14-year prison term on him, Pillai fled his Singapore base to India in 1995.

==Arrest and death==
In his home state [[Kerala]], he obtained bail and a stay against his extradition to [[Singapore]], despite an [[Interpol]] red alert for his arrest. On 4 July 1995, Indian police seized him in a pre-dawn raid at [[New Delhi]]'s five-star [[Le Méridien|Le Méridien Hotel]], and took him to [[Tihar Jail]].<ref name=independent/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/19971230/36455183.html| title=Rajan Pillai associate nabbed in Singapore| author=Prema Viswanathan| date=30 December 1997| access-date=4 May 2013| work=Indian Express}}</ref>
Pillai appealed for medical treatment, and the judge wrote to the resident medical officer (RMO) of the jail enquiring about Rajan's ailment. However, there was no response to the appeal, and Pillai died the next day in custody from complications from liver cirrhosis. At the time of his death, he was awaiting an extradition hearing.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=book/>

Pillai's widow, Nina Pillai, alleged that a conspiracy was behind the death of her husband in the jail. She urged the court to direct a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] probe on the conspiracy angle as she feared foul play in the death of her husband. The Chief Metropolitan Magistrate (CMM) had ordered a CBI inquiry based on the petition.<ref>{{cite news| title=Delhi high court paves way for CBI probe into Rajan Pillai's death| url=http://www.rediff.com/business/1998/aug/08rajan.htm| date=8 August 1998| work=Rediff.com| access-date=4 May 2013 }}</ref>
The medical officer who conducted the autopsy, deposed before the CMM, and said that Pillai had died of asphyxia caused by blocking of blood in the respiratory system.<ref>{{cite news| title=Rajan Pillai died of asphyxia, court told| url=http://www.rediff.com/business/1998/aug/07rajan.htm| date=7 August 1998| work=Rediff.com| access-date=4 May 2013 }}</ref>
The Justice Leila Seth Commission under [[Leila Seth]] was constituted to enquire into the conspiracy angle of his custodial death, but did not find any conclusive evidence. The Commission had issued advertisements in the newspapers seeking public help in the matter. Nina Pillai said she would provide evidence about the conspiracy angle, but later she refused to name the conspirator. The Commission concluded that 'ways and means must be found to ensure that competent doctors were posted in the jail'. The Commission also suggested that the [[Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners|United Nations Standard Minimum Rules]] be followed, and a prisoner should be allowed to be treated by his own doctor. Following the submission of its report, there were systemic changes at the Tihar Jail, with a 24-hour attendance by doctors. There were 75 doctors on call compared to the previous 16, and initial medical check up was made imperative.<ref name=Advani/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2001/jan/09nayar.htm| title=Why should the BJP shy away from reopening the Rajan Pillai case?| author=Kuldip Nayar| author-link=Kuldip Nayar| date=9 January 2001| work=Rediff.com| access-date=4 May 2013}}</ref>

Nina Pillai filed another petition seeking compensation for her husband's death. In May 2011, the [[Delhi High Court]] noted that there was lack of communication between jail authorities and the magistrate who refused to give Pillai specialist treatment. The Court held the State liable for lapses which led to Pillai's death, and awarded a token compensation of {{currency|1|INR}} [[million]] to his wife and children.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/government-held-guilty-for-death-of-rajan-pillai-in-tihar-jail-133746-2011-05-13| title=Govt held 'guilty' for Pillai death in Tihar| date=14 May 2011| access-date=4 May 2013| author=Naziya Alvi| publisher=India Today}}</ref> In March 2012, Nina Pillai filed a petition again alleging that the Court's directions on jail reforms and handling of ailing prisoners, given on her earlier plea, were never implemented. The High Court sought a reply from the [[Government of Delhi|Delhi government]] on the plea and listed the matter for further hearing on 31 May 2012.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=755552| title=Respond to Petition of Nina Pillai: HC to City Govt| date=14 March 2012| access-date=19 May 2013| publisher=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>[[Rajmohan Pillai]]</ref>

==Family==
The famous Film producer and Businessman [[K. Ravindranathan Nair]] aka ‘Achani’ Ravi is his maternal uncle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Abhish K. |date=2020-05-31 |title=The Life and Death of 'Biscuit King' Rajan Pillai |url=https://kochipost.com/2020/05/31/the-life-and-death-of-biscuit-king-rajan-pillai/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=KochiPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

Pillai married Nina Gopika Nair Pillai (later Nina Pillai) in 1983, and had two sons. Krishna Pillai and Shiva Pillai .<ref name="nytimes" /><ref name="independent" />

Rajmohan established the Rajan Pillai Foundation in memory of his brother, to promote excellence in arts, sports, social sciences, and medicine, serving the cause of humanity. The Rajan Pillai Foundation institutes and presents awards to accomplished individuals in international relations, social welfare services and industry development.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala can show the way in plurality, says Tharoor |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/22/stories/2006122211800400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104225333/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/22/stories/2006122211800400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 December 2006 |access-date=15 December 2008}}</ref>
Rajmohan co-authored a book with K. Govindan Kutty titled ''A Wasted Death – the rise and fall of Rajan Pillai''.<ref>[[Penguin Books]], 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-14-100601-7}}</ref> The book was released in 2001 by the then Chief Minister of Kerala [[A. K. Antony]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/08/22/stories/0422211x.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320034736/http://hindu.com/2001/08/22/stories/0422211x.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=20 March 2012| title=CM releases book on Rajan Pillai| date=22 August 2001| work=[[The Hindu]]| access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> and it was subsequently translated and published in five Indian languages.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1395643/ Half-an-hour discussion regarding Leila Seth Commission] in the [[Lok Sabha]], 3 August 1998
* [http://indiankanoon.org/doc/874247/ Smt. Nina Pillai And Others vs Union Of India And Others], Delhi High Court, 10 January 1997. (1997 CriLJ 2359, ILR 1997 Delhi 271)
* [http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1524596/ Nina Rajan Pillai & Ors. vs Union Of India And Ors.], Delhi High Court, 13 May 2011

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Rajan}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on fraud charges]]
[[Category:Indian people who died in prison custody]]
[[Category:Deaths from cirrhosis]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]

J. C. Ashmit Reddy

2026-04-10T00:28:45Z

Bogdansry: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = J. C. Ashmit Reddy
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|5|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tadipatri]], [[Anantapur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Tadpatri (Assembly constituency)|Tadipatri]]
| predecessor = [[Kethireddy Pedda Reddy]]
| successor =
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| spouse = Smt Nikhila Reddy
| children = 3 (son & daughter) ?
| father = [[J. C. Prabhakar Reddy]]
| mother = J. C. Uma Reddy
| relatives = * [[J. C. Diwakar Reddy]] (uncle)
* J. C. Nagi Reddy (Grand Father)
| footnotes =
| date =
| phone no =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Juturu Chinnareddy Ashmit Reddy''' (born 1983) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He is a Member of the Legislative Assembly representing the [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadipatri Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref name="2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Tadpatri">{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |title=2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Tadpatri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01151.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610135454/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01151.htm |archivedate=10 June 2024 |accessdate=10 June 2024}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Reddy was born in Tadipatri, Anantapur district to [[J. C. Prabhakar Reddy]], a former MLA. He married Nikhila Reddy. They have a son, Dheer Diwakar Reddy, and a daughter, Aihika Reddy. He completed his post graduation in M.Litt (Marketing) in 2008 from University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Later, he did B.E. in Mechanical Engineering in 2007 from Anna University, Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=J C Ashmit Reddy(TDP):Constituency- TADIPATRI(ANANTAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/andhrapradesh2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5180 |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Reddy started his political career with TDP and served as Tadipatri councillor in 2014. Later, he contested the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Assembly election]] on TDP ticket from [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadpatri]] but lost by a narrow margin of 7,000 votes to YSRCP candidate [[Kethireddy Pedda Reddy]].<ref name="Wresting the Tadipatri seat from J.C. Diwakar Reddy family in the 2019 Assembly elections a remarkable performance, says Andhra Pradesh Minister Peddireddi Ramachandra Reddy">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |first1= |date=11 December 2022 |title=Wresting the Tadipatri seat from J.C. Diwakar Reddy family in the 2019 Assembly elections a remarkable performance, says Andhra Pradesh Minister Peddireddi Ramachandra Reddy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/wresting-the-tadipatri-seat-from-diwakar-reddy-in-the-2019-assembly-elections-a-remarkable-performance-says-andhra-pradesh-minister-peddireddi-ramachandra-reddy/article66251002.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610135343/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/wresting-the-tadipatri-seat-from-diwakar-reddy-in-the-2019-assembly-elections-a-remarkable-performance-says-andhra-pradesh-minister-peddireddi-ramachandra-reddy/article66251002.ece |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=10 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> In the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he contested on TDP ticket and won with a majority of 27,731 votes against YSRCP candidate [[Kethireddy Pedda Reddy]].<ref name="2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Tadpatri" /><ref name="‘Developed’ Tadipatri constituency cries for attention">{{cite news |newspaper=The New Indian Express |first1= |title='Developed' Tadipatri constituency cries for attention |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Apr/25/developed-tadipatri-constituency-cries-for-attention-2 |access-date=10 June 2024 |date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610141144/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Apr/25/developed-tadipatri-constituency-cries-for-attention-2 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NDA claims landslide victory in Rayalaseema districts of Andhra Pradesh">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |first1= |title=NDA claims landslide victory in Rayalaseema districts of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nda-claims-landslide-victory-in-rayalaseema-districts-of-andhra-pradesh/article68251304.ece |access-date=10 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610141101/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nda-claims-landslide-victory-in-rayalaseema-districts-of-andhra-pradesh/article68251304.ece |archive-date=10 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, J.C.Ashmit}}
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Anantapur district]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

2015 WBPF World Championship

2026-04-08T12:09:04Z

Bogdansry: Starting New Details W/ Infobox

{{Short description|International competition in bodybuilding and fitness (2015)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{update|date=July 2017}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox tournament
| name = 7th WBPF World Championship in Bodybuilding and Fitness
| sport = Bodybuilding / Fitness
| year = 2015
| image =
| caption =
| location = [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]
| start_date = November 24
| end_date = 30th, 2014
| administrator =
| tournament_format =
| host =
| venues = The Mall Bangkapi Convention Center
| participants = 
| purse =
| champions =
| runners-up1 = 
| runners-up2 = 
| matches =
| points =
| tries =
| goals =
| attendance =
| noaverage = 
| mvp =
| top_scorer =
| top_try_scorer =
| stat1_label =
| stat1 =
| stat2_label =
| stat2 =
| previous = {{flagicon|India}} [[2014 WBPF World Championship|2014 Mumbai]]
| next = [[2016 WBPF World Championship|2016 Pattaya]] {{flagicon|Thailand}}
}}

The '''7th WBPF World Championship''' was a major international competition in [[bodybuilding]] and [[Physical fitness|fitness]], as governed by the [[World Bodybuilding and Physique Federation]] (WBPF). It took place in The Mall Bangkapi Convention Center venue, [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] from November 24 to November 30, 2015.

This championship was preceded by [[2014 WBPF World Championship]] held in [[Mumbai]], [[India]] and succeeded by [[2016 WBPF World Championship]] held in [[Pattaya City|Pattaya]], [[Thailand]].

==External links==

 

[[Category:Bodybuilding competitions]]
[[Category:Fitness and figure competitions]]
[[Category:International sports competitions hosted by Thailand]]

{{sport-event-stub}}

Death of Sidharthan

2026-03-26T07:11:26Z

Bogdansry: starting initial details first draft

{{Short description|2024 death of a Kerala student}}
{{Update|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Death of Sidharthan
| image =
| image_upright =
| caption =
| date = {{start date and age|2024|2|18}}
| time =
| place = [[Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University]], Kerala, India
| coordinates =
| cause =
| participants =
| outcome =
| reported deaths =
| burial =
| inquiries = [[Kerala Police]] investigations
| inquest =
| coroner =
| arrests =
| suspects =
| accused =
| convicted =
| charges =
| sentence =
| verdict =
| convictions =
| litigation =
| notes =
}}

On 18 February 2024, '''Sidharthan''', a 20-year-old veterinary science student<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title=Six held in custody for ragging death of Wayanad Vet student |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/six-accused-in-police-custody-in-ragging-death-case-of-wayanad-student-1.9363602 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=After death of 20-year-old at Kerala college, claims that he was mercilessly ragged by members of CPI(M)'s student outfit |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/as-suicide-and-ragging-claims-rock-kerala-university-cpim-student-wing-comes-under-scanner-sfi-9187314/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> of [[Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University]], was found dead in his hostel in [[Pookode]], [[Wayanad]], Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assary |first=Gilvester |date=2024-02-29 |title=Vet University Student's Death Rocks Kerala |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/news/crime/vet-university-students-death-rocks-kerala-883771 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=Death of veterinary student: College officials accused of laxity |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/death-of-veterinary-student-wayanad-1.9369078 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> The [[Students' Federation of India|Students' Federation of India (SFI)]]<ref name="indianexpress.com" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> branch at the university was accused of [[ragging]] Sidharthan because Sidharthan had danced with some senior female students at a [[Valentine's Day]] event. Leadership of the Students' Federation of India visited Sidharthan's family and apologized for the conduct of SFI members at the university.

==Investigation==
On 18 February, Sidharthan was found hanging in the washroom of his hostel.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Raghunath |first=Arjun |date=2024-02-29 |title=Brutal ragging and mob trial led to student's death in Kerala |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/brutal-ragging-and-mob-trial-led-to-students-death-in-kerala-2916197 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> An autopsy suggested that Sidharthan had died due to hanging,<ref name="indianexpress.com" /> and that prior to his death, Sidharthan had "sustained multiple blunt injuries"<ref name="indianexpress.com" /> and had not eaten.<ref name=":0" />

Following his death, the [[Students' Federation of India|Students' Federation of India (SFI)]]<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=4 SFI members among 11 arrested in Kerala college student death |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-veterinary-student-death-arrest-9189636/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=rashmi.kuttan |title=Kerala student death case: SFI seeks apology from family of Sidharthan; police conduct evidence collection |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/kerala-news/kerala-student-death-case-sfi-seeks-apology-from-family-of-sidharthan-police-conduct-evidence-collection-rkn-s9t3jp |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sreejith |first=K. S. |date=2024-03-04 |title=SFI, CPM under lens over Sidharthan death case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Mar/04/sfi-cpm-under-lens-over-sidharthan-death-case |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> branch at the university was accused of [[ragging]] Sidharthan, which had led to his death; Sidharthan's parents accused the group of murdering him outright.<ref name=":0" />

According to police, there had been a 'tiff' on 14 February<ref name=":0" /> because Sidharthan had danced with some senior female students at a Valentine's Day event.<ref name="indianexpress.com" /> This escalated into "brutal assault" by a group of senior students in the courtyard of the hostel on 15 February. Sidarthan contacted his mother briefly on 16 February, saying he was not feeling well and was resting.<ref name=":0" />

The Special Investigation Team of [[Kerala Police]] arrested four [[Students' Federation of India|SFI Kerala]] leaders on 1 March 2024. The SFI also fired the four.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-02-29 |title=Wayanad student suicide: Six arrested for college student's suicide |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Feb/29/wayanad-student-suicide-six-arrested-for-college-students-suicide |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://english.janamtv.com/news/kerala/97085/six-students-arrested-in-pookode-veterinary-college-students-death-case-12-others-including-sfi-leaders-abscond/</ref> By 1 March, 11 people had been arrested in connection with the death, with 18 students accused in total.<ref name="indianexpress.com" />

==Reactions==
[[List of governors of Kerala|Kerala governor]] [[Arif Mohammad Khan|Arif Mohammed Khan]] issued an order suspending the Vice-Chancellor of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU) over Sidharthan's death on 2024 February 18.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Governor to visit Pookode Veterinary University |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/sidharthans-death-governor-likely-to-visit-university-campus-in-wayanad-1.9377354 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

Kerala General Education minister [[V. Sivankutty|V Sivankutty]] said that the government will take strict action against those behind the death of Sidharthan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ഡെസ്ക് |first=സമകാലിക മലയാളം |date=2024-03-01 |title='രാഷ്ട്രീയം നോക്കില്ല, പ്രതികൾ ആരാണെങ്കിലും പരമാവധി ശിക്ഷ ഉറപ്പാക്കും': സിദ്ധാർഥന്റെ വീട്ടിലെത്തി വി ശിവൻകുട്ടി |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/keralam/2024/Mar/01/v-sivankutty-visit-sidharthan-house |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Samakalika Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

[[Indian National Congress]]’s [[V. D. Satheesan|V D Satheesan]], the Leader of Opposition, called on Kerala's Chief Minister, [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], to have the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] investigate the death.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-03-03 |title=Congress leaders seek CBI probe into death of Sidharthan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/satheesan-seeks-cbi-probe-into-death-of-siddharth/article67909981.ece |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The leadership of the Students' Federation of India visited Sidharthan's family and apologized for the conduct of SFI members at the university.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Sidharthan's death: SFI apologises |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/sfi-apologises-in-sidharthan-death-case-1.9377298 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Campus violence in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sidharthan}}
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in India]]
[[Category:February 2024 in India]]
[[Category:2024 in Kerala]]
[[Category:Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]

Darulifta-Deoband.com

2026-03-23T12:08:57Z

Bogdansry:

{{Short description|Islamic website}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Darulifta-Deoband.com
| logo = Darulifta-Deoband (website) logo.png
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_caption =
| screenshot = Darulifta-Deoband website (screenshot) 3 February 2022.jpg
| caption = Screenshot of homepage on 3 February 2022
| url = {{url|https://darulifta-deoband.com/en}}
| commercial = No
| type = [[Islam|Islamic]], [[Hanafi]], Legal/Religious
| country_of_origin = [[India]]
| author =
| reg = Required
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2007}}
| current_status = Active
| revenue =
}}

'''Darulifta-Deoband.com''' is a bilingual (Urdu and English) [[fatwa]] website maintained by the Online Fatwa Department of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. As of 2016, it is the world's largest bilingual fatwa website.<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis |last=Ullah |first=Mohammed |title=The Contribution of Deoband School to Hanafi Fiqh A Study of Its Response to Modern Issues and Challenges |publisher=Centre for Federal Studies, [[Jamia Hamdard]] |year=2018 |page= |location=India |language=en |hdl=10603/326073 |degree=PhD |pages=105–106}}</ref> About 15,000 fatwas are sought in Darul Uloom Deoband every year, of which 6 to 7 thousand are online.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hashmi |first=M. Riyaz |date=10 November 2017 |title=Uttar pradesh: Darul Uloom Deoband's fresh decrees revive debate over relevance of fatwas |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20171120-darul-uloom-deoband-fatwas-eyebrows-posting-pictures-uttar-pradesh-1083409-2017-11-10}}</ref> In January 2022, India's [[National Commission for Protection of Child Rights]] recommended the government to shut down the website, citing its content as violating the country's laws.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2022 |title=NCPCR asks UP government to probe Darul Uloom Deoband portal for 'unlawful' fatwas |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ncpcr-asks-up-government-to-probe-darul-uloom-deoband-portal-for-unlawful-fatwas-7726261/lite/}}</ref>

== History ==
Darul Uloom Deoband started their institutional website journey in 2002 after the arrival of internet facility to towns and cities of India.<ref name=":0" /> After the launch of the website and email communication, Darul Uloom Deoband's fatwa department or Darul Ifta started answering questions from the world over the [[internet]]. Thus, due to the increase in online queries and other requirements, Darul Uloom Deoband established Online Fatwa Department in 2005 and a bilingual (Urdu and English) website named Darulifta-Deoband.com was launched in 2007. As of December 2016, the website has about thirty thousand selected fatwas in Urdu and English sections, making it the world's largest bilingual fatwa website.<ref name=":0" /> As of January 2022, the website has 9,181 fatwas in the English section and 32,812 fatwas in the Urdu section. The number of respondent [[Mufti|muftis]] is 9, [[Habibur Rahman Khairabadi]] is the Chief.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://darulifta-deoband.com/en/about |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=darulifta-deoband.com}}</ref>
== Criticism ==
Considering a complaint under 13 (1) (j) of the [[Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005|Protection of Child Rights Act]], The [[National Commission for Protection of Child Rights]] (NCPCR) said that the explanations and answers given on Darul Uloom Deoband's fatwa portal were not in accordance with the laws and regulations of the country. Such comments violate children's rights and harm them with free access to the Internet, the commission claimed. They have recommended to the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] to ban access to the website until such content is removed.<ref name=":1" />

The [[Students Islamic Organisation of India]] referred to this as "another attempt to undermine the madrassa".<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2022 |title=NCPCR Asks UP Govt To Investigate Darul Uloom Deoband Portal For 'Unlawful & Deceptive' Fatwas |work=[[ABP News]] |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/ncpcr-asks-up-govt-to-investigate-darul-uloom-deoband-portal-for-unlawful-deceptive-fatwas-1506784/amp}}</ref> [[Abul Qasim Nomani]], VC of Darul Uloom Deoband said in response to the complaint that "those who seek fatwas in the light of the Sharia are only answered in the light of the Sharia. There is no obligation here."<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 2022 |title=Controversy on Fatwas: Know what Mohtamim said on the order of investigation of the portal of Darul Uloom Deoband |work=The India Print |url=https://www.theindiaprint.com/up-news-english/controversy-on-fatwas-know-what-mohtamim-said-on-the-order-of-investigation-of-the-portal-of-darul-uloom-deoband-163933 |archive-date=2 February 2022 |access-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202204542/https://www.theindiaprint.com/up-news-english/controversy-on-fatwas-know-what-mohtamim-said-on-the-order-of-investigation-of-the-portal-of-darul-uloom-deoband-163933 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It was banned in India on 7 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2022 |title=Darul Uloom's portal banned |work=[[ThePrint]] |url=https://theprint.in/india/darul-ulooms-portal-banned/823824/}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Askimam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==

* {{Cite book |last=Razavian |first=Christopher Pooya |chapter=Deoband's Conservatism: The Dār al-Iftā', Nadwatul Ulama and Muftī Muhammad Taqi Usmani |date=2018 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/modern-islamic-authority-and-social-change-volume-1/deobands-conservatism-the-dar-alifta-nadwatul-ulama-and-mufti-muhammad-taqi-usmani/FB564A11A892ADC865A2295BB727694B |series=Modern Islamic Authority and Social Change |volume=1 |title=Evolving Debates in Muslim Majority Countries |pages=252 |editor-last=Bano |editor-first=Masooda |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-3324-2}}
{{Darul Uloom Deoband}}
[[Category:Publications of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2007]]
[[Category:Sunni Islamic websites]]
[[Category:Deobandi websites]]
[[Category:Indian websites]]
[[Category:Islamic websites]]
[[Category:Fatwas]]
[[Category:Question-and-answer websites]]

List of chutneys

2026-03-21T18:51:18Z

Bogdansry:

{{short description|Chutney varieties}}
[[File:Plum chutney ingredients.jpg|thumb|Ingredients being used in the preparation of a [[plum]] chutney]]

This is a '''list of notable chutney varieties'''. [[Chutney]] is a [[sauce]] and [[condiment]] in [[Indian cuisine]], the cuisines of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and [[South Asian cuisine]]. It is made from a highly variable mixture of [[spice]]s, [[vegetable]]s, or [[fruit]].<ref name="Gisslen 2010"/> Chutney originated in India, and is similar in preparation and usage to a [[relish|pickle]].<ref name="Gisslen 2010"/><ref>{{cite book | last=Raghavan | first=S. | title=Handbook of Spices, Seasonings, and Flavorings, Second Edition | publisher=CRC Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4200-0436-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bePKBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA255 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=255}}</ref> In contemporary times, chutneys and pickles are a [[mass production|mass-produced]] food product.

==Chutneys==

[[File:Fresh coconut chutney.jpg|thumb|Fresh [[coconut chutney]]]]
[[File:Aloo Tikki served with chutneys.jpg|thumb|[[Lamiaceae|Mint]] chutney (left), [[Sooth (chutney)|saunth chutney]] (right), yogurt (top) and ''[[aloo tikki]]'' (bottom)]]
[[File:Clear Glass Bottle Full of Major Grey’s Sun Brand Chutney From the 1904 World’s Fair.jpg|thumb|A clear glass bottle of Sun Brand [[Major Grey's Chutney]] from the [[1904 World’s Fair]]]]

* [[Blatjang]] —a South African chutney made from dried fruit.
* [[Branston (brand)|Branston Pickle]]—a jarred, mass-produced [[Pickling|pickled]] chutney first made in England in 1922 by [[Crosse & Blackwell]].<ref name="Ruddick 2012">{{cite news|last=Ruddick |first=Graham |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9642506/Branston-Pickle-sold-to-Japans-Mizkan-in-92.5m-deal.html |title=Branston Pickle sold to Japan's Mizkan in £92.5m deal |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=30 Oct 2012 |access-date=2017-10-26}}</ref><ref name="Ayto 2012">{{cite book | last=Ayto | first=J. | title=The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink | publisher=OUP Oxford | series=Oxford Quick reference collection | year=2012 | isbn=978-0-19-964024-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoicAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 | access-date=26 October 2017 | page=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=van Wyk | first=B.E. | title=Culinary Herbs and Spices of the World | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-226-09183-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEPbAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 | access-date=26 October 2017 | page=36}}</ref> It is sweet and spicy with a chutney-like consistency, containing chunks of vegetables in a thick brown sticky sauce.<ref name="Martin 2017"/>
* ''[[Chammanthi podi]]''—a dry condiment and coconut chutney<ref name="Kannampilly 2003"/> from the Indian state of [[Kerala]].
* [[Coconut chutney]]—a [[South Indian]] chutney [[side dish]] and [[condiment]],<ref name="Wahhab Singh 2016"/> it is common in [[South Indian]] states. It is made with coconut pulp ground with other ingredients such as [[tamarind]], green chili peppers and [[coriander]].<ref name="Wahhab Singh 2016"/>
* Coriander chutney—common in Indian cuisine.<ref name="Madavan 2009"/><ref name="Hutton Kawana Choi 2012"/><ref name="Sodha 2016"/><ref name="Makan 2017"/>
* [[Dahi chutney]]—[[strained yogurt]] mixed into a chutney of onions and (for example) [[Mentha|mint]], popular in South India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mint Yogurt Chutney Recipe|url=http://recipe2cook.com/chutney-recipes/mint-yogurt-chutney-recipe.html|publisher=recipe2cook.com|access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref> In North India this is called [[raita]].
* [[Garlic chutney]]—prepared using fresh [[garlic]], dry or fresh [[coconut]], [[peanut|groundnut]]s and green or red chili peppers, prepared in both wet and dried forms.<ref name="Gopal 2017"/><ref name="Bharadwaj 2005"/><ref name="The Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency"/><ref name="Koranne-Khandekar 2017"/><ref name="Thaker Barton 2012"/>
* [[Phyllanthus emblica|Gooseberry]] chutney—gooseberry (''amla'') chutney or "amlakir chutney" is common in [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali]] cuisine. It is prepared by boiling raw sliced gooseberries in spicy jaggery or sugar syrup.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kitchen|first=Archana's|title=Sweet & Spicy Amla Chutney Recipe|url=https://www.archanaskitchen.com/sweet-spicy-amla-chutney-recipe|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Archana's Kitchen|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Green mango chutney]]—an Indian, Kenyan chutney prepared using unripe [[mango]]es.
* ''Hara choley'' chutney—made with raw unripe green chickpeas, often mixed with green coriander leaves.
* [[Hog plum]] chutney—common in Bengali and [[Cuisine of Karnataka|Karnataka]] cuisine. It is called "Amrar chutney" in [[West Bengal]]. Ambade (''tulu'') chutney made from hog plum is a special dish from coastal districts of the [[Karnataka]] state of India (Bharat).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://udupi-recipes.com/2015/09/hog-plum-chutney-recipe-ambate-kayi-chutney.html|title=Hog plum chutney, Ambate kayi chutney|publisher=udupi-recipes.com|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref>
* ''Kachri ki'' chutney—made with ''kachri'' ([[wild melon]]).
* [[Major Grey's Chutney]]—reputedly created by a 19th-century British Army officer of the same name who, though likely [[apocryphal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodreference.com/html/artchutney.html|title=Chutney Origins|publisher=FoodReference.com|access-date=2017-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Carpender | first=D. | title=500 More Low-Carb Recipes | publisher=Fair Winds Press | year=2004 | isbn=978-1-61673-783-2 | url=https://archive.org/details/500morelowcarbre0000carp | url-access=registration | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=[https://archive.org/details/500morelowcarbre0000carp/page/442 442]}}</ref><ref name="ATK 2012"/> presumably lived in [[British India]].<ref name="Scott 2012"/><ref name="Helstosky 2014"/> It has been described as a mild chutney compared to others that have a spicier flavor profile.<ref name="Sheraton 1982"/>
* [[Curcuma amada|Mango ginger]] chutney—a Bengali chutney prepared using mango ginger (''amada'') and tamarind (''tetul'') paste. Usually served as a condiment with [[samosa]] (''singara'') and other fritters.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nair|first=Pradeepa|date=2019-09-06|title=Mango Ginger Chutney|url=https://culinarylabz.com/2019/09/06/mango-ginger-chutney/|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Culinary Labs|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Papaya]] chutney—a chutney common in Bengali cuisine. This chutney which is also called "plastic chutney" is prepared with boiling fresh sliced green papaya in water with sugar and lemon juice. Dried fruits like raisins and [[cashews]] may also be added later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengali Plastic Chutney - Sweet Raw Papaya Chutney {{!}} Food Indian|url=https://foodindian.org/green-papaya-sweet-chutney.html|access-date=2020-07-07|website=foodindian.org}}</ref>
* [[Peanut chutney]]—a mildly spicy chutney that can be used to accompany many various foods.
* [[Pineapple]] chutney—common in Bengali cuisine as "anaros er chutney". This chutney is prepared by boiling thin slices of pineapple (''anaras'') in sugar or [[jaggery]] syrup. [[Pomegranate|Pomegranate seeds]] can also be added with sliced pineapples.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pineapple chutney|url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/pineapple-chutney|access-date=2020-07-30|website=BBC Good Food|language=en}}</ref>
* Pudina chutney—prepared using [[Lamiaceae|mint]].<ref name="Prasad 2011"/>
* [[Ridge gourd]] chutney—part of [[Udupi cuisine]] eaten during the meal or as accompaniment to snacks like ''[[Dosa (food)|dosa]]'' or ''[[idli]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://udupi-recipes.com/2016/02/ridge-gourd-chutney-without-coconut.html|title=Ridge Gourd Chutney without Coconut|publisher=udupi-recipes.com|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref>
* [[Sooth (chutney)|''Saunth'']]—a sweet chutney used in Indian ''[[chaat]]s'', made from dried [[ginger]] (''sooth'') and tamarind (''imli'') paste, hence the name.<ref>{{cite web|title=Imli (Tamarind) Saunth (Dried Ginger) Chutney conserve Recipe|url=http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/ch002tamarind.htm|publisher=Indiacurry.com|access-date=17 May 2012}}</ref>
*[[Tamarind]] chutney—also known as ''imli'' chutney, it is used in some [[List of snack foods from the Indian subcontinent|Indian snacks]]. Tamarind chutney made from ''imli'', banana, and some spices can also be used with ''[[samosa]]'', ''kachori'', and other fried Indian snacks.<ref>{{Cite web|last=vikas|first=m|title=5 Best Chutney Recipes That Can Make Your Food & Snacks Tasty
|url=https://bestindianrecipesfood.blogspot.com/2021/02/chutney-recipes.html|access-date=February 2, 2021|website=bestindianrecipesfood.blogspot.com/|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Tomato chutney]]—a type of chutney prepared using [[tomato]]es as a primary ingredient.<ref name="Sudheer Indira 2007"/> ''Tamtar kasundi'' originated in [[Bengal]] and is typically a spicy and savory tomato and mustard chutney.<ref name="Green 2015"/> Tomato chutney has been a mass-produced product in the United States.<ref name="Court Appeals 1910"/> Gordon & Dilworth in New York produced it in the 1890s–1900s, and exported some of the product.<ref name="Court Appeals 1910"/><ref name="El Paso Herald 1897"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed caption="">
File:Branston Pickle close-up.jpg|A close-up view of Branston Pickle
File:Chutney being hand-made.jpg|Chutney being hand-made
File:Various jarred chutneys.jpg|Various [[canning|jarred]] chutneys
File:Cranberry chutney.jpg|Close-up view of a [[cranberry]] chutney
File:Vegetable samosas with Major Grey's chutney.jpg|Major Grey's Chutney and vegetable samosas
File:Plain Dosa with Peanut Chutney.jpg|Peanut chutney (top) with a [[Dosa (food)|dosa]]
File:Tomato Chutny.jpg|Homemade tomato chutney
</gallery>

==See also==

{{div col}}
* {{annotated link|Anglo-Indian cuisine}}
* {{annotated link|Chow-chow (food)|Chow-chow}}
* {{annotated link|List of ancient dishes}}
* {{annotated link|List of condiments}}
* {{annotated link|List of Indian condiments}}
* {{annotated link|List of Indian pickles}}
* {{annotated link|List of Pakistani condiments}}
* {{annotated link|List of pickled foods}}
* {{annotated link|Piccalilli}}
* {{annotated link|South Asian pickles}}
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Sudheer Indira 2007">{{cite book | last1=Sudheer | first1=K.P. | last2=Indira | first2=V. | title=Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops | publisher=New India Pub. Agency | series=Horticulture science series | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-89422-43-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws_SQUB5tj0C&pg=PA166 | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=166}}</ref>
<ref name="Green 2015">{{cite book | last=Green | first=A. | title=The Magic of Spice Blends: A Guide to the Art, Science, and Lore of Combining Flavors | publisher=Quarry Books | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-63159-074-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3xsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=105}}</ref>
<ref name="Court Appeals 1910">{{cite book | title=Treasury Decisions Under the Customs, Internal Revenue, and Other Laws: Including the Decisions of the Board of General Appraisers and the Court of Customs Appeals | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | issue=v. 18 | year=1910 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSM8AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA11-PA4 | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=4}}</ref>
<ref name="El Paso Herald 1897">{{cite web | title=El Paso Herald from El Paso, Texas on March 19, 1897 | website=El Paso Herald | url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/47696772/ | access-date=October 27, 2017|page=4}}</ref>
<ref name="Wahhab Singh 2016">{{cite book | last1=Wahhab | first1=I. | last2=Singh | first2=V. | title=The Cinnamon Club Cookbook | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4729-3307-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXv_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA160 | access-date=October 26, 2017 | page=160}}</ref>
<ref name="Makan 2017">{{cite book | last=Makan | first=C. | title=Chai, Chaat & Chutney: a street food journey through India | publisher=Octopus Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-78472-303-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cgoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT404 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=404}}</ref>
<ref name="Sodha 2016">{{cite book | last=Sodha | first=M. | title=Made in India: Cooked in Britain: Recipes from an Indian Family Kitchen | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2016 | isbn=978-0-241-27883-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6tpCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT414 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=pt414}}</ref>
<ref name="Prasad 2011">{{cite book | last=Prasad | first=V. | title=Indian Vegetarian Cooking from an American Kitchen | publisher=Random House Publishing Group | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-307-87439-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vncDSNYACJgC&pg=PT25 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=pt25}}</ref>
<ref name="Scott 2012">{{cite book | last=Scott | first=L. | title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Sugar-Free Cooking and Baking | publisher=DK Publishing | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-101-58577-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3ocgfoPVkUC&pg=PA68 | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=68}}</ref>
<ref name="Sheraton 1982">{{cite web | last=Sheraton | first=Mimi | title=De Gustibus; Tea and Chutney: 2 Different Greys | website=The New York Times | date=July 10, 1982 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/10/style/de-gustibus-tea-and-chutney-2-different-greys.html | access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="ATK 2012">{{cite book | last=Kitchen | first=A.T. | title=Simple Weeknight Favorites: More Than 200 No-Fuss, Fullproof Meals | publisher=[[America's Test Kitchen]] | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-936493-20-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34RKCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT151 | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=pt151}}</ref>
<ref name="Helstosky 2014">{{cite book | last=Helstosky | first=C. | title=The Routledge History of Food | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Histories | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-317-62113-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6vBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA330 | access-date=October 27, 2017 | page=330}}</ref>
<ref name="Gopal 2017">{{cite web | last=Gopal | first=Sena Desai | title=Recipe for Coconut-garlic Chutney | website=The Boston Globe| date=June 19, 2017 | url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/food-dining/2017/06/19/recipe-for-coconut-garlic-chutney/oicV9hzpMfJlHMMEnkXLdM/story.html | access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Bharadwaj 2005">{{cite book | last=Bharadwaj | first=M. | title=The Indian Spice Kitchen: Essential Ingredients and Over 200 Authentic Recipes | publisher=Hippocrene Books, Incorporated | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-7818-1143-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTm23d7gIk0C&pg=PA113 | access-date=October 26, 2017 | page=113}}</ref>
<ref name="The Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency">{{cite book | title=The Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency | publisher=Printed at the Government Photozinco Press | series=The Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency | year=1961 | issue=v. 25, pt. 3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWQwAQAAIAAJ | access-date=October 26, 2017 | page=237}}</ref>
<ref name="Koranne-Khandekar 2017">{{cite web | last=Koranne-Khandekar | first=Saee | title=A case for chutney | website=Live Mint | date=June 23, 2017 | url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/DZ5frc2tZ5sOTJMgKDXwCI/A-case-for-chutney.html | access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Thaker Barton 2012">{{cite book | last1=Thaker | first1=A. | last2=Barton | first2=A. | title=Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics | publisher=Wiley | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4051-7358-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YF1YCg5Ig-EC&pg=PA44 | access-date=October 26, 2017 | page=44}}</ref>
<ref name="Kannampilly 2003">{{cite book | last=Kannampilly | first=V. | title=The Essential Kerala Cookbook | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-14-302950-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYfOCaAPb3sC&pg=PA224 | access-date=October 26, 2017 | page=224}}</ref>
<ref name="Madavan 2009">{{cite book | last=Madavan | first=V. | title=Cooking the Indian Way | publisher=Lerner Publishing Group | series=Cooking around the world | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-7613-4395-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ic8bMTwilb8C&pg=PA60 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=60}}</ref>
<ref name="Hutton Kawana Choi 2012">{{cite book | last1=Hutton | first1=W. | last2=Kawana | first2=M. | last3=Choi | first3=S.C. | title=Cook's Guide to Asian Vegetables | publisher=Tuttle Publishing | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4629-0716-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5jTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT171 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=171}}</ref>
<ref name="Gisslen 2010">{{cite book | last=Gisslen | first=W. | title=Professional Cooking, College Version | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-470-19752-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5el9CYbEP0C&pg=PA202 | access-date=October 30, 2017 | page=202}}</ref>
<ref name="Martin 2017">{{cite book | last=Martin | first=K. | title=Famous Brand Names and Their Origins | publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-78159-015-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c76wDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 | access-date=27 October 2017 | pages=8–9}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Chutney}}
* [http://food.ndtv.com/lists/10-best-indian-chutney-recipes-693943 10 Best Indian Chutney Recipes]. [[NDTV]].

{{Condiments}}
{{Lists of prepared foods}}

[[Category:Condiments]]
[[Category:Indian condiments]]
[[Category:Chutney| ]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi condiments]]

Jharkhand Day

2026-03-16T20:55:54Z

Bogdansry: stub

{{Short description|Day of the formation of the state of Jharkhand}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Jharkhand Day
| type = State
| image = Jharkhand map for WLM-IN.svg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| nickname = Jharkhand Day, Jharkhand Sthapna Divas
| observedby = [[Jharkhand]], India
| litcolor =
| longtype =
| significance = Marks the formation of the state of [[Jharkhand]] from [[Bihar]]
| begins =
| ends =
| scheduling = Same day each year
| date = 15 November
| duration = 1 day
| frequency = Annual
| celebrations = Official ceremonies, cultural programmes
| observances = Government functions, award distribution, cultural events
| relatedto = [[Janjatiya Gaurav Divas]]
| official_name = ''Jhārkhaṇḍ Sthāpana Divasa''
}}

'''Jharkhand Day''' is the state foundation day of [[Jharkhand]], observed annually on 15 November.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why is November 15 Celebrated as Jharkhand Foundation Day? History and Key Facts |url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/why-is-november-15-celebrated-as-jharkhand-foundation-day-history-and-key-facts-8662099.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=Jharkhand Foundation Day: All you need to know about this day |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/jharkhand-foundation-day-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-day-11623681.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> On this day in 2000, Jharkhand was carved out of southern districts of [[Bihar]] to become the 28th state of [[India]] under the [[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Sthapna Diwas |url=https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/jharkhand-sthapna-diwas |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=utsav.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Statehood Day (November 15) |url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2023/nov/doc20231115270601.pdf |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2017-11-15 |title=PM Modi greets Jharkhand on its foundation day |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/pm-modi-greets-jharkhand-foundation-day-1502528560.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The demand for a separate state of Jharkhand originated in the early 20th century with organisations such as the [[Jharkhand Party]], which sought recognition of the distinct cultural and tribal identity of the region.<ref name="JagranJosh">{{cite web |title=Jharkhand Foundation Day 2023: Date, history and significance |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/jharkhand-foundation-day-1573730974-1 |website=Jagran Josh |date=15 November 2019 |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref> After decades of political movements and deliberations, the [[Parliament of India]] passed the [[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]], during the tenure of the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] government led by Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-15 |title=Atal Bihari Vajpayee's willpower brought Jharkhand state into existence: PM Modi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/atal-bihari-vajpayees-willpower-brought-jharkhand-state-into-existence-pm-modi/articleshow/87710383.cms |access-date=2025-09-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2018-08-23 |title=Tributes flow for Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Jharkhand's creator |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/Aug/23/tributes-flow-for-atal-bihari-vajpayee-jharkhands-creator-1861629.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-11-06 |title=Seven CMs, Three President's Rule: Jharkhand Saw It All In 24 Years |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/seven-cms-three-presidents-rule-jharkhand-saw-in-all-in-24-years-enn24110602169 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> The Act came into effect on 15 November 2000, and [[Babulal Marandi]] was sworn in as the first Chief Minister of the newly created state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formation of Jharkhand |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/why-is-november-15-celebrated-as-jharkhand-foundation-day-history-and-key-facts-837862 |website=The Hans India |date=15 November 2023 |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-15 |title=Jharkhand Chief Minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/politics/jharkhand-chief-minister/articleshow/98658930.cms |access-date=2025-09-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukul |first=Sushim |date=2024-02-01 |title=12 chief ministers in 23 years: How Jharkhand is a political minefield |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-ed-mla-state-assembly-election-shibu-kalpana-sita-basant-madhu-koda-babulal-marandi-2495991-2024-02-01 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Significance ==
The date coincides with the birth anniversary of [[Birsa Munda]], a tribal freedom fighter and folk hero of the region.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-15 |title=J'khand celebrates 24th Statehood Day on Birsa Munda's birth anniv |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/jharkhands-24th-statehood-day-celebrated-with-tributes-to-birsa-munda/articleshow/115342456.cms |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Since 2021, the Government of India has also observed 15 November as [[Janjatiya Gaurav Divas]] (Tribal Pride Day) in honour of Birsa Munda and the contribution of tribal communities to the freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government declares November 15 as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1769383 |website=Press Information Bureau |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref> Jharkhand Foundation Day highlights the cultural heritage of the state and acknowledges the contribution of its tribal communities in shaping its identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2020-11-15 |title=Leaders pay tributes to Birsa Munda, greet Jharkhand on Foundation Day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/leaders-pay-tributes-to-birsa-munda-greet-jharkhand-on-foundation-day/article33101535.ece |access-date=2025-09-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Observance ==
The state government organises official ceremonies in the capital city, [[Ranchi]], including parades, cultural events, and distribution of state awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-11-22 |title=Jharkhand Foundation Day: Governor honours Shaurya Chakra awardee Md Javed |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-foundation-day-governor-honours-shaurya-chakra-awardee-md-javed/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Foundation Day: झारखंड स्थापना दिवस, मोरहाबादी मैदान से समारोह का लाइव प्रसारण - Jharkhand Foundation Day Today: Jharkhand Foundation Day Celebrations Broadcast Live In All Districts From Morhabadi Maidan Ranchi |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-jharkhand-foundation-day-today-celebrations-broadcast-live-in-all-districts-from-morhabadi-maidan-ranchi-23204665.html |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Schools, colleges and civic organisations across Jharkhand also conduct programmes to mark the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-11-15 |title=Loyola School Jamshedpur celebrates 23rd Jharkhand Diwas with cultural splendor |url=https://avenuemail.in/loyola-school-jamshedpur-celebrates-23rd-jharkhand-diwas-with-cultural-splendor/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bihar Day]]
* [[Chhattisgarh Rajyotsava|Chhattisgarh Day]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Day]]
* [[Janjatiya Gaurav Divas]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Culture of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:History of Jharkhand (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Indian state foundation days]]

List of districts of Gujarat

2026-03-15T23:30:17Z

Bogdansry: reworked structure additionally and fixed typos per sources

{{Short description|none}}
{{see also|Cities of Gujarat|Talukas of Gujarat|Metropolitan areas of Gujarat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Districts of Gujarat
| map = Administrative map of Gujarat.png
| category = Districts
| territory = [[Gujarat]]
| start_date =
| current_number = 34 districts<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat {{!}} District Portal |url=https://gujarat.s3waas.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=gujarat.s3waas.gov.in}}</ref>
| number_date =
| population_range = [[Dang district, India|Dang]] – 228,291 (lowest); [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] – 7,214,225 (highest)
| area_range = [[Dang district, India|Dang]] – {{Convert|1,764|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (smallest); [[Kutch District|Kutch]] – {{Convert|45,674|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (largest)
| government = [[Government of Gujarat]]
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Talukas of Gujarat]]
* [[Cities of Gujarat]]
* [[Metropolitan areas of Gujarat]]
}}
| caption = Districts of Gujarat
| website = www.gujarat.s3waas.gov.in/
}}
The western [[India]]n state of [[Gujarat]] has 34 [[districts of India|districts]] after several splits of the original 17 districts at the formation of the state in 1960.<ref name="IE gujarat new districts">{{cite news|last=Dave|first=Kapil|title=Next Republic Day, Gujarat will be bigger...|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/next-republic-day-gujarat-will-be-bigger.../1013137/1|access-date=13 October 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=7 October 2012}}</ref> Kutch is the largest district of Gujarat while Dang is the smallest. Ahmedabad is the most populated district while Dang is the least. There are 251 [[Taluka]]s (subdivisions of districts) in Gujarat.<ref name="Internetof-7-new-districts-and-22 Archive 2016">{{cite web|title=Village Map - Revenue Department |website=Internet Archive |date=25 March 2016 |url=https://revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/village-map |access-date=9 April 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325222236/https://revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/village-map |archive-date=25 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="HighBeam Research 2013">{{cite web | title=State Govt Announces 23 New Talukas | date=10 September 2013 | url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3066956611.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206082747/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3066956611.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 February 2016 | access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref>

The district administration is headed by the [[District Collector]], an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer appointed by the [[Government of Gujarat|government]]. The Collector is assisted by Additional Collectors and [[Deputy collector|Deputy Collectors]] at the district (collectorate) level, Prant Officers ([[Sub-divisional magistrate|Sub-Divisional Magistrates]]) at the [[Subdivision in India|subdivision]] (prant) level, and [[Tehsildar|Mamlatdars]] at the [[Tehsil|taluka]] level.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collectorate {{!}} District Gandhingar, Govt. of Gujarat |url=https://gandhinagar.nic.in/collectorate/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rai |first=Haridwar |date=January 1966 |title=Co-ordination of Development Programmes at the District Level with Special Reference to the Role of the District Officer in Gujarat |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556119660103 |journal=Indian Journal of Public Administration |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=28–59 |doi=10.1177/0019556119660103 |issn=0019-5561|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== History ==

=== 1960 ===
Gujarat state was created on 1 May 1960, out of the 17 northern districts of [[Bombay State]] when that was split on a linguistic basis (also creating [[Marathi language|Marathi]] speaking [[Maharashtra]]).

They are as follow : [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]], [[Amreli district|Amreli]], [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]], [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]], [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]], [[Dang District, India|Dang]], [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]], [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]], [[Kheda district|Kheda]], [[Kutch District|Kachchh]], [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]], [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]], [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]], [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]], [[Surat district|Surat]], [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]] and [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]].

=== 1964 ===
In 1964, [[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]] was formed from parts of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] and [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]].

=== 1966 ===
In 1966, [[Valsad district|Valsad]] was split from [[Surat district|Surat]].

=== 1997 ===
On 2 October 1997, five new districts were created:
* [[Anand District|Anand]] was split from [[Kheda district|Kheda]].
* [[Dahod District|Dahod]] was split from [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]].
* [[Narmada District|Narmada]] was split from [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]].
* [[Navsari District|Navsari]] was split from [[Valsad district|Valsad]].
* [[Porbandar District|Porbandar]] was split from [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]].

=== 2000 ===
In 2000, [[Patan District]] was formed from parts of [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]] and [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]].

=== 2007 ===
On 2 October 2007, [[Tapi District|Tapi]] was split from [[Surat district|Surat]], as the state's 26th district.

=== 2013 ===
On 15 August 2013, seven new districts were created:<ref name="dholerametrocity">{{cite web|title=Gujarat Govt made major announcement Dholera SIR at Dholera district|url=http://www.dholerametrocity.com/Dholera-SIR.php|work=[[Dholera SIR]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=6 January 2009}}</ref>

* [[Aravalli District|Aravalli]] was split from [[Sabarkantha District|Sabarkantha]].
* [[Botad District|Botad]] was created from parts of [[Ahmedabad District|Ahmedabad]] and [[Bhavnagar District|Bhavanagar]] districts.
* [[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]] was split from [[Vadodara District]].
* [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]] was split from [[Jamnagar District|Jamnagar]].
* [[Mahisagar District|Mahisagar]] was created from parts of [[Kheda district|Kheda]] and [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]].
* [[Morbi district|Morbi]] was created from parts of [[Rajkot District|Rajkot]] and [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]] districts.
* [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]] was split from [[Junagadh District|Junagadh]].

=== 2025 ===
On 2nd October 2025, '''[[Vav-Tharad district|Vav-Tharad]]''' was formed from parts of [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]

== List of districts ==
{{main|Demographics of districts of Gujarat}}

{| class="wikitable sortable style="text-align: center;"
|-
! District
! [[Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes|Code]]<ref name="distcodes">{{cite web |date=12 February 2018 |title=NIC Policy on format of e-mail Address: Appendix (2): Districts Abbreviations as per ISO 3166–2 |url=https://eforms.nic.in/docs/assets/download/NIC_Policy_on_format_of_e-mail_Address.pdf |access-date=10 May 2021 |publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry Of Communications and Information Technology]], Government of India |pages=5–10 }}</ref>
! Headquarters
! Established
! Area (km2)
! Population (2011)<ref name="censusdist2011">{{cite web |title=Indian Districts by Population, Growth Rate, Sex Ratio 2011 Census |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |access-date=27 December 2012 |publisher=[[2011 census of India]]}}</ref>
! Population Density (/km2)
! class="unsortable"| Location Map
|-
! [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
| BK
| [[Palanpur]]
| 1 May 1960
| 6,176
| 2,141,666
| 290
| [[File:Banaskantha in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
| AR
| [[Modasa]]
| 15 August 2013
| 3,217
| 1,051,746
| 327
| [[File:Aravalli in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Patan district|Patan]]
| PA
| [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]
| 2 October 2000
| 5,738
| 1,342,746
| 234
| [[File:Patan in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
| GA
| [[Gandhinagar]]
| 1 May 1964
| 2,163
| 1,387,478
| 660
| [[File:Gandhinagar in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
| MA
| [[Mehsana]]
| 1 May 1960
| 4,386
| 2,027,727
| 462
| [[File:Mehsana in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
| SK
| [[Himmatnagar]]
| 1 May 1960
| 7,390
| 2,458,589
| 328
| [[File:Sabarkantha in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Vav-Tharad district|Vav-Tharad]]
|
| [[Tharad]]
| 2 October 2025
| 6,527
| 978,840
| 220
| [[File:Vav-Tharad in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| AH
| [[Ahmedabad]]
| 1 May 1960
| 7,170
| 7,208,200
| 890
| [[File:Ahmedabad in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Anand district|Anand]]
| AN
| [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
| 2 October 1997
| 2,942
| 2,090,276
| 711
| [[File:Anand in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
| CU
| [[Chhota Udaipur]]
| 15 August 2013
| 3,237
| 1,071,831
| 331
| [[File:Chhota Udaipur in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Dahod district|Dahod]]
| DA
| [[Dahod]]
| 2 October 1997
| 3,642
| 2,126,558
| 582
| [[File:Dahod in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Kheda district|Kheda]]
| KH
| [[Nadiad]]
| 1 May 1960
| 3,667
| 2,298,934
| 541
| [[File:Kheda in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
| MH
| [[Lunawada]]
| 15 August 2013
| 2,500
| 994,624
| 440
| [[File:Mahisagar in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
| PM
| [[Godhra]]
| 1 May 1960
| 5,219
| 2,388,267
| 458
| [[File:Panchmahal in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
| VD
| [[Vadodara]]
| 1 May 1960
| 4,312
| 3,639,775
| 467
| [[File:Vadodara in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Surat district|Surat]]
| ST
| [[Surat]]
| 1 May 1960
| 4,418
| 6,081,322
| 953
| [[File:Surat in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
| BR
| [[Bharuch]]
| 1 May 1960
| 6,524
| 1,550,822
| 238
| [[File:Bharuch in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Dang district|Dang]]
| DG
| [[Ahwa]]
| 1 May 1960
| 1,764
| 226,769
| 129
| [[File:Dang in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Narmada district|Narmada]]
| NR
| [[Rajpipla]]
| 2 October 1997
| 2,749
| 590,379
| 214
| [[File:Narmada in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Navsari district|Navsari]]
| NV
| [[Navsari]]
| 2 October 1997
| 2,211
| 1,330,711
| 602
| [[File:Navsari in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Tapi district|Tapi]]
| TA
| [[Vyara]]
| 2 October 2007
| 3,435
| 806,489
| 249
| [[File:Tapi in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Valsad district|Valsad]]
| VL
| [[Valsad]]
| 1 June 1966
| 3,034
| 1,703,068
| 561
| [[File:Valsad in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
| RA
| [[Rajkot]]
| 1 May 1960
| 11,203
| 3,157,676
| 282
| [[File:Rajkot in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Amreli district|Amreli]]
| AM
| [[Amreli]]
| 1 May 1960
| 6,760
| 1,513,614
| 205
| [[File:Amreli in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
| BV
| [[Bhavnagar]]
| 1 May 1960
| 11,155
| 2,877,961
| 288
| [[File:Bhavnagar in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Botad district|Botad]]
| BT
| [[Botad]]
| 15 August 2013
| 2,564
| 656,005
| 256
| [[File:Botad in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
| DD
| [[Jamkhambhaliya|Khambhaliya]]
| 15 August 2013
| 5,684
| 752,484
| 132
| [[File:Devbhoomi Dwarka in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]
| GS
| [[Veraval]]
| 15 August 2013
| 3,754
| 1,217,477
| 324
| [[File:Gir Somnath in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
| JA
| [[Jamnagar]]
| 1 May 1960
| 14,125
| 2,159,130
| 153
| [[File: Jamnagar in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
| JU
| [[Junagadh]]
| 1 May 1960
| 8,839
| 2,742,291
| 310
| [[File:Junagadh in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Kutch district|Kutch]]
| KA
| [[Bhuj]]
| 1 May 1960
| 45,652
| 2,090,313
| 46
| [[File:Kutch in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Morbi district|Morbi]]
| MB
| [[Morbi]]
| 15 August 2013
| 4,871
| 960,329
| 197
| [[File:Morbi in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
| PO
| [[Porbandar]]
| 2 October 1997
| 2,294
| 586,062
| 255
| [[File:Porbandar in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|-
! [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
| SN
| [[Surendranagar]]
| 1 May 1960
| 10,489
| 1,755,873
| 167
| [[File:Surendranagar in Gujarat (India).svg|150px]]
|}

==Proposed districts==

Listed west to east"

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Proposed district<ref>{{citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/govt-plans-to-carve-out-4-5-new-districts/articleshow/113638682.cms|title=Gujarat government planning to carve out new districts before panchayat elections|website=Times of India|date=2024-09-24}}</ref>
!Current district
! Comment
|-
|East Kutch
| rowspan="2" |[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
| rowspan="2" |Since 2009, Kutch already has 2 police districts East Kutch (Gandhidham) and West Kutch (Bhuj).<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/kutch-divided-into-two-police-districts/ Kutch divided into two police districts], Indian Express, 7 Nov 2009.</ref> Demand for dividing existing Bhuj district into 3 districts include - '''West Kutch''' (HQ: Nakhatrana - 50 km west of Bhuj city or Mandvi - 60 km south of Bhuj city), - '''Bhuj''' (HQ: Bhuj city), - '''East Kutch''' (HQ: Gandhidham - 55 km southeast of Bhuj city).<ref>[https://www.gidb.org/pdf/kutchdevelpmentfinalreport2005GIDBVOLII.pdf Final Report: Volume II Infrastructure Development and Growth Management Strategies - Study on Potential Development of Kutch, Gujarat], Gujarat Infrastructure Development Board, July 2005.</ref>
|-
|West Kutch

|-
|[[Radhanpur]]
|[[Patan district|Patan]]
| In the northwestern Gujarat, 60 km west of Patan city.

|-
|[[Vadnagar]]
|[[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
| In the northwestern Gujarat, 60 km east of Patan and 40 km northeast of Mehsana city.

|-
| [[Ahmedabad| Ahmedabad City]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Ahmedabad District|Ahmedabad]]
| rowspan="3" | In the Central Gujarat region. Ahmedabad city is 60 km east of Viramgam and 100 km north of Dholera cities.
|-
|[[Viramgam]]
|-
|[[Dholera]]

|-
|[[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]]
|[[Bhavnagar District|Bhavnagar]]
| In the eastern Saurashtra region, 95 km south of Bhavnagar city.

|}

==Regions==

The five regions of Gujarat are as follows (clockwise from north):<ref name=regg1>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/gujarat/regions.html Five regions of Gujarat], Maps Of India, accessed 26 Feb 2025.</ref>

* '''[[North Gujarat]]''' (Northern part of Gujarat):comprises districts of Banaskantha, Mehsana, Sabarkantha, Gandhinagar, Patan, Aravalli and Vav-Tharad<ref name=regg1/>
* '''[[Central Gujarat]]''' (central-east side of Gujarat): comprises districts of Ahmedabad, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Anand, Dahod, Chhota Udaipur and Mahisagar<ref name=regg1/>
* '''[[South Gujarat]]''' (southeastern part of Gujarat): comprises districts of Bharuch, Dang, Surat, Valsad, Narmada, Navsari and Tapi<ref name=regg1/>
* '''[[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]''' (southwestern part of Gujarat): comprises districts of Amreli, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Rajkot, Surendranagar, Porbandar, Botad, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gir Somnath and Morbi<ref name=regg1/>
* '''[[Kutch]]''' (western part of Gujarat): comprises district of Kutch.<ref name=regg1/>

== See also ==
* [[India]]
* [[Gujarat]]
* [[Government of Gujarat]]
* [[List of cities in Gujarat by population]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in Gujarat]]
* [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India]]
* [[List of states and union territories of India by population]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Maps of Gujarat }}
* [http://gujarathistory.googlepages.com/districts.htm Districts of Gujarat: At a Glance]
* [https://gujarat.s3waas.gov.in/ Govt Of India site shows Districts of Gujarat]
* [https://igod.gov.in/sg/GJ/E042/organizations Govt of Gujarat site shows profile of each districts]

{{Clear}}
{{Gujarat}}
{{Districts of India}}

[[Category:Districts of Gujarat| ]]
[[Category:Gujarat-related lists|Districts, List of, Gujarat]]
[[Category:Lists of districts in India|Gujarat, Lists of districts]]

==External links==
* [https://gpsc-ojas.com/complete-list-of-gujarat-pincodes-by-city-and-region/ Complete list of Gujarat PIN codes by city and region] – Comprehensive pincode directory categorized by district, city, and region.

Killings of Raju Pargai and Amit Arya

2026-03-15T21:17:19Z

Bogdansry: Adding some data initial version.

{{Short description|2011 police killings in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}

On September 5, 2011, Raju Pargai and Amit Arya were killed at the [[Nepal]] border of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite news |title= The gang wars to control Uttarakhand's illegal mining |url= https://lifestyle.livemint.com/amp/news/big-story/raw-hitman-hussain-zaidi-books-gang-wars-111689581168221.html |work=livemint.com |language=English}}</ref> The Uttarakhand police arrested [[Lucky Bisht]] in connection with the killings,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/lifestyle/the-curious-case-of-former-nsg-commando-raw-agent-lucky-bisht-10924031.html|title=The curious case of former NSG commando & RAW agent Lucky Bisht|date=July 8, 2023|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/lucky-bishts-story-in-the-book-raw-hitman-the-real-story-of-agent-lima/article67037005.ece|title=Lucky Bisht’s story in the book ‘R.A.W Hitman: The real story of Agent Lima’|date=July 4, 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> who was later released by the court.

== Victims ==
Pargai and Arya had a history of criminal involvement, including [[murder]], [[kidnapping]], and [[extortion]]. They had been imprisoned multiple times in connection with various murder cases. Intelligence reports suggested their involvement in the illegal [[Firearm|arms]] trade, playing a significant role in facilitating transportation of weapons from Nepal into India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/10-great-books-to-sink-into-as-the-monsoon-begins-preview-them-here-101686325711271.html|title=10 great books to sink into as the monsoon begins. Preview them here|date=June 9, 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Following his arrest, Bisht spent over four years in jail, during which he was transferred to 11 different [[jails]]. Bisht was eventually released by the court, on the grounds of insufficient evidence.<ref>{{cite web |title=राजू परगई और अमित आर्य के पांचां हत्यारोपी बरी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/nainital/crime/21520368952-nainital-news |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 March 2018 |title=डबल मर्डर केस में एनएसजी कमांडो सहित पांच लोग बरी |language=hi |work=Dainik Jagran |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-five-people-including-nsg-commando-acquitted-in-double-murder-case-17618500.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 March 2018 |title=दोहरे हत्याकांड में लकी कमांडो समेत पांचों आरोपी बरी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/haldwani/story-five-accused-including-lucky-commando-in-double-murder-casea-acquitted-1837453.html |work=livehindustan.com |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=R.A.W Hitman: The real story of Agent Lima brings the interesting story of Lucky Bisht |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/r-a-w-hitman-the-real-story-of-agent-lima-brings-the-interesting-story-of-lucky-bisht/cid/1945689 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=एक्स रॉ एजेंट लकी बिष्ट की ज़िन्दगी से रूबरू होगी दुनिया, एस. हुसैन जैदी ने लिखी 'रॉ हिटमैन' बायोग्राफी |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/news/delhi/nsg-commando-ex-raw-agent-lucky-bishts-biography-raw-hitman-published-s-hussain-zaidi-is-the-author-6112950/ |website=www.india.com}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Research and Analysis Wing]]

== Further reading ==

* [https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/R-A-W-Hitman/S-Hussain-Zaidi/9789392099632 R.A.W. Hitman]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uttrakhand Assassination, 2011}}
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Extrajudicial killings in India]]
[[Category:2010s in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Crime in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2011 crimes in India]]
[[Category:Police misconduct in India]]

Shyamal Dutta Ray

2026-03-14T05:29:46Z

Bogdansry: Adding A Data

{{Short description|Indian painter (1934–2005)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Tone|date=February 2024}}
{{Primary sources|date=July 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox artist
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1934|05|08}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2005|05|19|1934|05|08}}
| birth_place = [[Ranchi]] (present-day [[Jharkhand]])<ref name='auto3'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray Biography|url=https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/5039/Dutta%20Ray/Shyamal |date =30 December 2008|work=Annex Galleries}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Government College of Art and Craft]], [[Calcutta]]<ref name='auto3'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray Biography|url=https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/5039/Dutta%20Ray/Shyamal |date =30 December 2008|work=Annex Galleries}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| notable_works =
| movement = [[Contemporary art]]
| known_for = [[Painting]]
| image =
}}
'''Shyamal Dutta Ray''', also spelt as '''Shyamal Dutt Ray''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: শ্যামল দত্ত রায়) (8 May 1934 – 19 May 2005) was a [[Bengalis|Bengali]][[Contemporary art| contemporary painter]].<ref name='auto2'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://dagworld.com/shyamalduttaray.html#:~:text=The%20masterful%20depiction%20of%20pathos,Calcutta%2C%20Lalit%20Kala%20Akademi's%20national |date =30 December 2008|work=[[Delhi Art Gallery]]}}</ref>

His paintings marked a pivotal role in the history of the [[Bengal School of Art]]. He is recognised to have brought intensity to the medium of [[watercolour]]s when the Bengal School of Art used light and watery hues.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://www.saffronart.com/artists/shyamal-dutta-ray |date =30 December 2008|work=Saffronart}}</ref> He was also one of the founding members of the artists' collective Society of Contemporary Artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=The power of ideas in art |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/live/the-power-of-ideas-in-art/41175/1 |date =8 Oct 2015|work=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref>

Dutta Ray served as a teacher in the Jagadbandhu Institution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Shyamal-Dutta-Ray/40E048D418C06324/Artworks|title = Shyamal Dutta Ray | 85 Artworks | MutualArt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O434365/painting-shiamal-dutta-ray/|title = Painting | Shiamal Dutta Ray | V&A Explore the Collections| date=1984 }}</ref>

His pieces can be found in the collections of the Glenbarra Art Museum in [[Japan]], the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in [[London]], the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] in [[Delhi]], the National Museum of Modern Art in [[Baghdad]], the [[Chittagong University]] museum in [[Bangladesh]], and the Shilpa Kala Academy, as well as the Government College of Arts in [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]].

He was a recipient of the Gold Medal from the [[Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata]], in 1958. In 1982, he was honoured with the National Award from the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]]. In 1968, the [[Rabindra Bharati University]] honoured him with the Rabindra Bharati University Award.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://www.saffronart.com/artists/shyamal-dutta-ray |date =30 December 2008|work=Saffronart}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://dagworld.com/shyamalduttaray.html#:~:text=The%20masterful%20depiction%20of%20pathos,Calcutta%2C%20Lalit%20Kala%20Akademi's%20national |date =30 December 2008|work=[[Delhi Art Gallery]]}}</ref>

In addition, he received the Birla Academy of Art and Culture Award four times, in 1972, 1973, 1975 and 1978. Dutta Ray has garnered other honours, including the 1988 Shiromani Kala Puraskar and the Special Commendation of the [[Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath]] in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]].

==Artistic style==
The paradoxes of the world around him are reflected in his reflective and gloomy paintings. Dutta Ray's art mostly depicts Calcutta's urban life, with all of its joy and sadness, conflict and hardship, poverty and optimism.<ref name='auto1'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://www.saffronart.com/artists/shyamal-dutta-ray |date =30 December 2008|work=Saffronart}}</ref>

==Accolades and participations==
Dutta Ray has won numerous awards, including the [[Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath]]'s Special Commendation in 1988 as well as the Shiromani Kala Puraskar which he received in 1988. He was also the recipient of the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]]'s Merit Award. Indian major cities like [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], and [[Bangalore]] have all hosted exhibitions of his paintings. He was also the four-time winner of the Birla Academy of Art and Culture Award for 1972, 1973, 1975 and 1978. He has taken part in international exhibitions such as the ''Havana Biennale'' in [[Cuba]] and the ''Third World Biennale of Graphics'' in [[London]].<ref name='auto1'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://www.saffronart.com/artists/shyamal-dutta-ray |date =30 December 2008|work=Saffronart}}</ref><ref name='auto2'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray |url=https://dagworld.com/shyamalduttaray.html#:~:text=The%20masterful%20depiction%20of%20pathos,Calcutta%2C%20Lalit%20Kala%20Akademi's%20national |date =30 December 2008|work=[[Delhi Art Gallery]]}}</ref><ref name='auto3'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray Biography|url=https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/5039/Dutta%20Ray/Shyamal |date =30 December 2008|work=Annex Galleries}}</ref>

==Death==
Dutta Ray died on the 5 May 2005.<ref name='auto3'>{{cite web |title=Shyamal Dutta Ray Biography|url=https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/5039/Dutta%20Ray/Shyamal |date =30 December 2008|work=Annex Galleries}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta Ray, Shyamal}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Indian founders]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Indian watercolourists]]
[[Category:Organization founders]]
[[Category:Painters from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Painters from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Ranchi]]

DY Patil Stadium

2026-03-11T19:30:12Z

Bogdansry: slightly improved section based on references and added references

{{Short description|Cricket stadium in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}

{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = DY Patil Stadium
| nickname =
| image = D Y Patil Sports Stadium.jpg
| caption =
| country = India
| location = [[Nerul]], [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| website = https://dypatilstadium.com/
| coordinates = {{coord|19|2|31|N|73|1|36|E|type:landmark|display=it}}
| establishment = 2008<ref>[http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/5203546.article Six of the best: The architecture of cricket grounds | The Critics | Architects Journal]</ref>
| seating_capacity = 45,300<ref name="ll">{{cite book |title=AFC Asian Cup 2027 Bidding Nation India |date=28 December 2020 |publisher=All India Football Federation |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/migration/e/x/ext-afc-asian-cup-2027-bid-book-india--pdf |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>
| owner = [[D. Y. Patil|Dnyandeo Yashwantrao Patil]]
| operator = DY Patil Sports Academy
| end1 = Media End
| end2 = Pavilion End
| international = Yes
| firsttestdate =
| firsttestyear =
| firsttesthome =
| firsttestaway =
| lasttestdate =
| lasttestyear =
| lasttesthome =
| lasttestaway =
| firstodidate =
| firstodiyear =
| firstodihome =
| firstodiaway =
| lastodidate =
| lastodiyear =
| lastodihome =
| lastodiaway =

| onlywtestdate = 14–16 December
| onlywtestyear = 2023
| onlywtesthome = India
| onlywtestaway = England
| firstwtestdate =
| firstwtestyear =
| firstwtesthome =
| firstwtestaway =
| lastwtestdate =
| lastwtestyear =
| lastwtesthome =
| lastwtestaway =
| firstwodidate = 20 October
| firstwodiyear = 2025
| firstwodihome = Bangladesh
| firstwodiaway = Sri Lanka
| lastwodidate = 2 November
| lastwodiyear = 2025
| lastwodihome = India
| lastwodiaway = South Africa
| firstwt20idate = 9 December
| firstwt20iyear = 2022
| firstwt20ihome = India
| firstwt20iaway = Australia
| lastwt20idate = 19 December
| lastwt20iyear = 2024
| lastwt20ihome = India
| lastwt20iaway = West Indies
| date = 2 November
| year = 2025
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/343050.html ESPNcricinfo
|othernames=Dr. DY Patil sports academy<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/343050.html | title=Dr DY Patil Sports Academy - Cricket Ground in Navi Mumbai, India }}</ref>
| tenants = * [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (2023–present)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/wpl-2023-tickets-go-on-sale-women-to-get-free-entry-to-matches-371863-2023-03-01 | title=WPL 2023 tickets go on sale; women to get free entry to matches | date=March 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Mumbai City FC]] (selected matches)
* [[Mumbai Cricket Association]]
* [[Deccan Chargers]]
* [[Mumbai Indians]]
* [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]
* [[Pune Warriors India]]
}}

The '''DY Patil Stadium''' is a [[multi-purpose stadium|multi-purpose]] [[arena|sports arena]] in [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DY Patil sports academy |url=https://dypatilstadium.com/&ved=2ahUKEwiO_7bT0O_8AhV2xjgGHWH0BH8QFnoECEAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3Ir0XBw1arlhIlwWfSNra2 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=DY Patil Sports academy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DY Patil Stadium Profile Navi Mumbai |website=cricwindow.com |url=https://www.cricwindow.com/Venues/dy-patil-stadium-navi-mumbai.html |access-date=2023-01-10}}</ref> Owned by [[D. Y. Patil|Dnyandeo Yashwantrao Patil]], it is based in the DY Patil Sports Academy in [[Nerul]]. It is primarily a [[cricket]] stadium, though it is sometimes used for [[association football|football]], [[music concert]]s and other events.

== Structure ==
Designed by Indian architect [[Hafeez Contractor]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2009 |title=D Y Patil sixth best stadium in world: British journal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/d-y-patil-sixth-best-stadium-in-world-british-journal/articleshow/4830973.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226034446/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/d-y-patil-sixth-best-stadium-in-world-british-journal/articleshow/4830973.cms |archive-date=26 February 2026 |access-date=26 February 2026 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>, the stadium has a capacity of 45,300 that makes it the [[List of stadiums in India|tenth -largest cricket stadium in India.]] The stadium makes use of bucket seats and cantilever gull wing roofs that eliminate the need for columns. This provides the spectators with an unobstructed view of the match from any place within the stands. On the other hand, the stadium has a 120-person capacity air-conditioned media center. The upper level of the viewing galleries has 60 private corporate boxes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=IPL 2022: All you need to know about DY Patil Stadium, Mumbai |url=https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-2022-all-you-need-to-know-about-dy-patil-stadium-mumbai/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=CricTracker |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable events ==
It was inaugurated on 4 March 2008 as the home ground of [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[Mumbai Indians]]. It has hosted the inaugural IPL season's final in [[2008 Indian Premier League final|2008]] and the [[2010 Indian Premier League final|2010]] season final.<ref>[http://iplt20.com/fixtures/flash/player.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423110400/http://iplt20.com/fixtures/flash/player.html|date=23 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rohit Sharma Biography |url=https://thecricketscores.com/rohit-sharma-biography/ |access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> In [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]] season the arena hosted number of games.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=Feb 23, 2022 |title=IPL 2022 set to be held in four venues in Mumbai and Pune. Cricket News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2022-set-to-be-held-in-four-venues-in-mumbai-and-pune/articleshow/89780255.cms |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

The seventh [[One Day International|ODI]] between [[India cricket team|India]] and [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] during [[Australian cricket team in India in 2009–10|Australia's 2009 tour of India]] was to be played on 11 November 2009, but was cancelled due to heavy rain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IND vs AUS Cricket Scorecard, 7th ODI at Navi Mumbai, November 11, 2009 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2009-10-416234/india-vs-australia-7th-odi-416242/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India look to salvage pride |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-look-to-salvage-pride-433876 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bad weather washes out dead rubber |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bad-weather-washes-out-dead-rubber-433907 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

The stadium has also hosted international football matches during the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup|2017 FIFA U17 World Cup]], [[2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2022 FIFA U17 Women's World Cup]], [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]] and the [[2023–24 AFC Champions League]].

The arena is hosting games of the [[Women's Indian Premier League|Women's Premier League]] since 4 March 2023. It has hosted the opening game-ceremony and scheduled to host final match.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 January 2023 |title=महिला आयपीएल लिलावात ४००० कोटींची कमाई ! |trans-title=In auction Women's IPL minted 4K Cr ! |pages=6 |work=[[Lokmat]] }}</ref>

==Local cricket tournaments==
'''Times Shield'''

[[Mumbai Cricket Association]] Times Shield matches are played at DY Patil. The Dr. DY Patil Sports Academy organised India's first official T20 tournament in 2005. The tournament is hosted annually at the stadium and includes:<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCA :: 16th Dr. D.Y. Patil T20 Cup 2020 |url=https://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/16th_Dr_DY_Patil_T20_Cup_2020.php |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=www.mumbaicricket.com}}</ref>

* D.Y. Patil 'A'
* D.Y. Patil 'B'
* Mumbai Customs
* Jain Irrigation
* Indian Oil
* Central Railway
* Income Tax
* BPCL
* Reliance 1
* CAG
* Indian Navy
* Bank of Baroda
* Canara Bank
* Air India
* RBI
* Western Railway

==Concerts==
In December 2015, [[Hardwell]] was invited by Shailendra Singh to perform for the ''World's Biggest Guestlist'' event at the venue, waiving his personal appearance fee in favour of donating all of the proceeds to charity. Guestlist4Good opened 75,000 spots on Hardwell's personal guestlist for over 125,000 pre-registered fans, while also accepting pledges and donations to provide educational aid for 2,800 children from age 8 to 18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guestlist4good.com/hardwell.html|title=Hardwell|website=www.guestlist4good.com|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=DJ Hardwell and Shailendra Singh unite at the DY Patil Stadium on Sunday in Mumbai - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/dj-hardwell-and-shailendra-singh-unite-at-the-dy-patil-stadium-on-sunday-in-mumbai/articleshow/50187884.cms |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=The Times of India |date=16 December 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shailendra Singh teams up with DJ Hardwell to raise funds for education - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/music/news/shailendra-singh-teams-up-with-dj-hardwell-to-raise-funds-for-education/articleshow/50025267.cms |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=The Times of India |date=4 December 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

On May 10th 2017, [[Justin Bieber]] performed here as part of his [[Purpose World Tour|''Purpose World Tour'']].

In December 2017, the ''World's Biggest Guestlist'' festival, 2-day event was held, organised by Shailendra Singh and Guestlist4Good, with [[Hardwell]], [[W&W]], [[Nucleya]], [[Adnan Sami]], Shaan, [[Mithoon]], KillTheBuzz, Suyano, [[Aditi Singh Sharma]], [[Armaan Malik]] performing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/music/dj-hardwell-and-shailendra-singh-to-release-festival-anthem-today/articleshow/64494186.cms|title=DJ Hardwell and Shailendra Singh to release festival anthem today|newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 June 2018 |publisher=The Times Group|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> 75,000 fans were in attendance on the second day, United we Are by Hardwell, and the event supported the education of 100,000 underprivileged Indian children through Magic Bus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-30 |title=Hardwell Succeeds at World's Biggest Guestlist and 'United We Are' |url=https://www.uslmag.com/2017/12/30/hardwell-succeeds-worlds-biggest-guestlist-festival-aims-educate-100000-children-united/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=USL Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 16 November 2019, [[Dua Lipa]] and [[Katy Perry]] (plus Indian acts: [[The Local Train]], [[Ritviz]], [[Amit Trivedi]], etc.) headlined the ''One Plus Music Festival''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/katy-perry-dua-lipa-ritviz-head-mumbai-oneplus-music-festival-weekend/|title=Katy Perry, Dua Lipa, Ritviz and More Head To Mumbai For The OnePlus Music Festival This Weekend -|date=13 November 2019|language=en-US|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

On 15 December 2019, [[U2]] performed a concert in the stadium as part of the [[The Joshua Tree Tours 2017 and 2019|''Joshua Tree Tour'']].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.u2.com/news/title/live-in-mumbai | title = 'MUMBAI - LET'S ROCK THE HOUSE!'| publisher=U2.com | access-date = 18 September 2019}}</ref>

On 25 November 2023, the American rapper, [[50 Cent]], performed here in his ''[[The Final Lap Tour]].''

British rock band [[Coldplay]] performed two concerts on 18, 19 January 2025 as part of their [[Music of the Spheres World Tour|''Music of the Spheres World Tour'']].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/shorts/wIMmwyYoJ5Y?feature=shared | title=✨ 2025 ABU DHABI, MUMBAI, HONG KONG & SEOUL DATES ANNOUNCED - see the official site for info! | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> Due to the overwhelming demand for tickets, an additional show was added on 21 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rodrigues |first=Fabian |date=2025-01-20 |title=Coldplay in Mumbai: A concert hampered by chaotic management |url=https://www.thehindu.com/incoming/coldplay-in-mumbai-a-concert-hampered-by-chaotic-management/article69118744.ece |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 14 March 2025, [[Martin Garrix]] performed the ''World’s Biggest Holi Celebration''. The event had a guest appearance by [[Arijit Singh]] during Garrix’s finale, the live video of which was featured in Garrix's ''Angels for Each Other'' music video.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Holi 2025: Martin Garrix delivers world's largest Holi celebration performance with over 45,000 fans? Know more |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/holi-2025-martin-garrix-delivers-worlds-largest-holi-celebration-with-over-45000-fans-know-more-23500388?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}

On 3 May 2025, [[A. R. Rahman]] performed at the DY Patil Stadium as part of ''The Wonderment Tour''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-02 |title=Percept Live teams up with A R Rahman for The Wonderment Tour; to draw 50K fans in Mumbai |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/percept-live-teams-up-with-a-r-rahman-for-the-wonderment-tour-to-draw-50k-fans-in-mumbai/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==World record==
The [[Guinness World Records]] lists the "largest health awareness lesson (single venue)" as 51,861 participants, achieved by Nanasaheb Dharmadhikari Pratishthan at the Stadium on 20 December 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-health-awareness-lesson-(single-venue)|title=Largest health awareness lesson (single venue) |publisher=Guinness World Records |access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/The-health-awareness-and-check-up-camp-held-at-DY-Patil-Stadium-Nerul-on-Friday-has-been-recognized-as-the-latest-record-breaking-event-and-officially-marked-its-entry-in-the-Guinness-Book-Of-World-Records-The-camp-organized-by-Dr-Nanasaheb-Dharmadhikari-Prathishthan-saw-participating-from-over-1-5-lakh-people-from-Navi-Mumbai-Mumbai-Thane-Pune-and-other-adjacent-cities-/articleshow/27692114.cms |title=The health awareness and check-up camp held at DY Patil Stadium, Nerul on Friday has been recognized as the latest record-breaking event and officially marked its entry in the Guinness Book Of World Records. The camp, organized by Dr. Nanasaheb Dharmadhikari Prathishthan, saw participating from over 1.5 lakh people from Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Thane, Pune, and other adjacent cities. |first=Sumitra |last=Debroy |work=Times of India |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of stadiums by capacity]]
*[[List of association football stadiums by capacity]]
*[[List of cricket grounds by capacity]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://dypatilstadium.com/ D. Y. Patil Sports Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329111201/https://dypatilstadium.com/ |date=29 March 2022 }}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box |
title=[[FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]] Final Venue|
before=[[Estadio Charrúa]] [[Montevideo]]|
after=[[Félix Sánchez Olympic Stadium]] [[Santo Domingo]]|
years=[[2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2022]]
}}

{{S-end}}

{{Indian Super League stadiums}}
{{Navi Mumbai}}
{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Football stadiums in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dy Patil Stadium}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Navi Mumbai]]
[[Category:Sport in Navi Mumbai]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tennis venues in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2008]]
[[Category:Indian Super League stadiums]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Football venues in Maharashtra]]

Kanjirapuzha Dam

2026-03-10T16:15:52Z

Bogdansry: cleanup lead after review per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Kanjirapuzha Dam
| image = Kanjirapuzha Dam - കാഞ്ഞിരപ്പുഴ അണക്കെട്ട് 05.JPG
| image_caption = Kanjirapuzha Dam
| name_official =
| dam_crosses = Kakki tributary
| res_name = Kanjirapuzha
| location = Mannarkkad, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| operator = Irrigation Department
| dam_length = {{Convert|2127|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_height = {{Convert|30.78|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| construction_began = 1961
| opening = 1995
| cost =
| res_capacity_total = 70.83 MCM
| res_catchment = {{Convert|7000|ha}}
| res_surface = {{Convert|465|ha}}
| res_elevation = {{convert|97.54|m|abbr=on}}
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| location_map = India#India Kerala
| coordinates = {{Coord|10|59|9|N|76|32|18|E|region:IN-KL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| extra =
| website =
}}

The '''Kanjirapuzha Dam''', a masonry earth dam built for providing irrigation to a Cultural Command Area (CCA) of {{Convert|9713|ha}}, is located in the [[Palakkad district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Kerala]].<ref name=water>{{Cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Kanhira_Puzha%28Id%29_Dam_D03027|title= Salient Features of Kanhira Puzha (Id) Dam|accessdate=14 May 2016|publisher=Water Resources Information System of India, Government of India}}</ref> The reservoir, which has three islands within it, also has an established commercial fisheries development programme operated by the Fisheries Department.<ref name=Kanji>{{cite web|url=http://palakkad.nic.in/tourism.htm|title=Places Of Tourist Interest|accessdate=14 May 2016|publisher=National Informatics Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510202454/http://palakkad.nic.in/tourism.htm|archive-date=10 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Construction of the dam, including the irrigation system, was started in 1961 at an initial cost of [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 3.65 crores (1954 price level) which was revised to Rs. 101.19 crores (1970 price level). The irrigation command was partially developed in 1980 with a total CCA of {{Convert|8465|ha}}. To complete the irrigation development in the entire command a new scheme titled "Extension, Renovation and Modernisation (ERM) Irrigation Project" under the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) initiated by the [[Prime Minister of India]], was approved by the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] in the year 2008 for an estimated cost of Rs 30.0 crore, to cover balance CCA of 1,247 hectare.<ref name=Irrigation>{{Cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Kanhirapuzha_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI02675|title=Kanhirapuzha Major Irrigation Project JI02675|accessdate=14 May 2016|publisher=Water Resources Information System of India, Government of India }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Shiruvani Hills - panoramio (4).jpg|left|thumb|Vadakodan Mala Kanjirapuzha Dam]]
The Kanjirapuzhan Dam is located on the [[Kanjirappuzha (Mannarkkad)|Kanjirapuzha River]], a tributary of the [[Thuthapuzha|Thuthapuzha River]], which itself joins the [[Bharatapuzha River]], a part of the west-flowing rivers from Tadri to Kanyakumari. The dam has a catchment area of {{Convert|7000|ha}}, which lies entirely within the state boundary.<ref name=water/><ref name=Irrigation/> The densely-covered green forest area of the catchment is called the "Vettilachola".<ref name=Kanji/>

[[Mannarkkad]], the nearest town to the site of the dam, is {{Convert|13|km}} away and [[Palakkad]] is {{Convert|43|km}} away.<ref name=water/><ref name=Irrigation/> It is built near to [[Agali Hills]]. Vaakkodan mala is another tourist spot.

==Features==
The project involving an earth masonry dam and irrigation canal system envisages benefits of irrigation to a gross command area of {{Convert|9713|ha}} in the three districts of Palakkad, Mannarkkad and Ottappalam. Commercial fisheries and development of tourism by constructing a garden around the dam are also part of the project.<ref name=Irrigation/>

===Dam===
[[File:Kanjirapuzha dam 2.JPG|thumb|The spillway of the dam]]
The irrigation project's head works consists of an earth masonry dam of {{Convert|2128|m}} length with the earthen section extending over a total length of {{Convert|1896|m}}. The masonry part of this composite dam is {{Convert|231.60|m}} in length including the spillway {{Convert|36.6|m}} in length, has a maximum height of {{Convert|30.78|m}} above the deepest foundation level. The spillway, which is an Ogee shaped structure, and is designed for passing a flood discharge of {{Convert|512.5|m3}} per second and operated with three gates of {{Convert|12.20|x|4.574|m}} size fitted over a crest level of EL {{Convert|92.5|m}}. The total quantity of material used in the dam is 6,240 TMC. The design of the dam takes into account the seismic factors relevant to Seismic Zone-III. The construction work of the dam was started in 1961 and completed in 1980.<ref name=water/>

===Reservoir===
[[File:കാഞ്ഞിരപ്പുഴഡാം.jpg|thumb|Reservoir water spread]]
The reservoir created behind the dam has a gross storage capacity of 70.83 million cubic meter at a Full Reservoir Level (FRL) of EL 97.54 m. The live storage between the FRL and Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of EL 77.42 m is 69.23 million cubic meter. The Dead Storage in the reservoir is 11.32 million cubic meter. The area of submergence behind the dam is {{Convert|465|ha}}. The reservoir caused a submergence of one village resulting in the relocation of 44 [[Scheduled Tribe|tribal community families]].<ref name=water/><ref name=Irrigation/>

===Irrigation development===
Irrigation development under the project envisaged a Culturable Command Area of {{Convert|9713|ha}} covering three districts; an annual irrigation efficiency of 225% was also envisaged to provide irrigation to {{Convert|21853|ha}}. Two main canal systems, one on the left bank and the other on the right bank, draw water from the reservoir. The main Right Bank Canal is {{Convert|9.36|km}} long and is designed to carry a discharge of {{Convert|2.83|m3}} per sec to bring an area of {{Convert|1525|ha}} (CCA) under its command. The main Left Bank Canal extends over a length of {{Convert|61.71|km}}, has a carrying capacity of {{Convert|11.33|m3}} per second to provide irrigate benefits to an area of {{Convert|8187|ha}} (CCA). When the project was partially commissioned in 1980 and the total CCA developed was {{Convert|8465|ha}} and with an annual irrigation efficiency of 225% irrigation was provided to cover {{Convert|19051|ha}}.<ref name=Irrigation/>

Under a revised ERM project started in 2008–09, the distribution system is being improved to save water and extend the irrigation benefits to the balance CCA of {{Convert|1247|ha}}.<ref name=Irrigation/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Dams in Kerala}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Kanjirapuzha Dam}}

{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:Reservoirs in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Palakkad district]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Dams in Palakkad district]]

Sankri

2026-03-09T23:14:29Z

Bogdansry: Adding Pg...

{{Short description|Village in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}

'''Sankri''' is a village situated at an altitude of 1950 m above sea level in Mori Tehsil, [[Uttarkashi district]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]. Part of the [[Govind Pashu Vihar National Park|Govind Balabh Pant Wildlife Sanctuary]], Sankri is 25 km away from the sub-district headquarters Mori and 195 km from the district headquarters Uttarkashi. Barkot is the closest town to Sankri at approximately 86 km. The total geographical area of Sankri village is 40.01 hectares. According to 2009 statistics, Saur is the gram panchayat of Sankri, and according to 2011 census information, the location code or village code of Sankari village is 040230.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

Sankri is also considered as the base camp of several treks like [[Har Ki Doon]], [[Kedarkantha]], Ruinsara Tal, Bali Pass, Borasu Pass, Dev Kyara Bugyal, Bharadsar Lake, Saru Tal, Nalgan Pass, Maldaru and is also the base village of various mountain peaks such as [[Swargarohini|Swargarohini Ranges]], [[Bandarpunch|Banderpunch]], and [[Black Peak (India)|Black Peak]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sankri Village Trekking Base Camp - Sankri Village Location How to Reach Sankri|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/sankri-village.php|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.euttaranchal.com}}</ref>
[[File:Base_of_Kedarkantha_trek.jpg|center|974x974px]]
One has to go through [[Dehradun]] to reach Sankri. The route from Dehradun to Sankri is 200 km long that can be completed by taxis or government buses from Dehradun. There is no road beyond Sankri village; hence this village is also considered as the last road of [[Govind Pashu Vihar National Park|Govind Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guides |first=Rough |title=The Rough Guide to India (Travel Guide EBook) |publisher=Apa Publications |date=3 October 2016 |isbn=9780241295397 |pages=HAR-KI-DUN VALLEY TREK |language=English}}</ref> Unlike other villages present in Uttarakhand, the lush greenery of the Himalayan valley is seen inside Sankri.{{cn|date=December 2024}} Sankri is the only village present in Uttarakhand, situated between [[mountain]]s, [[deodar forests]], and [[river]]s like Supin, Tons and Kedarganga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sankri Village Trekking Base Camp - Sankri Village Location How to Reach Sankri|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/sankri-village.php|access-date=2022-01-21|website=www.euttaranchal.com}}</ref>

== Trekking Destinations ==
Sankri serves as a base camp for many treks in the western Garhwal Himalayas. Some of the accessible destinations are mentioned below-

* '''[[Kedarkantha|Kedarkantha Peak]]:''' The peak is known for its moderatly easy trail and thrilling summit climb. The trail includes campsites such as Juda Ka Talab, Kedarkantha Base Camp, and Hargaon. It reaches an altitude of 12,500 feet with a steep summit climb; however, the overall difficulty is considered easy to moderate. The summit offers 360-degree Himalayan views, including Mt. Swargarohini, Mt. Bandarpunch, Black Peak, and other mountain ranges.
* '''[[Har Ki Doon|Har ki Dun Valley]]:''' The valley is famous as a traditional cultural trek that passes through villages including Taluka, Dhatmeer, Gangad, and Osla. The route to the valley follows the Supin River and moves through dense deodar forests. Mt Swargarohini can be seen up close from the Har ki Dun Valley.
* '''Bali Pass:''' This mountain pass connects two valleys, Har Ki Dun Valley and Yamunotri Valley. Moving ahead from Sankri, the route reaches 16,200 feet at Bali Pass with a steep and difficult climb.

== Accessibility ==

* '''By train:''' The nearest railway station is [[Dehradun railway station|Dehradun Railway Station]], approximately 200 km from Sankri.
* '''By air:''' Located about 30 km southeast of Dehradun city, [[Dehradun Airport|Jolly Grant Airport]] (DED) is the nearest airport to Sankri.
Mountain Sankri

== Weather ==
The village receives annual snowfall in the months of January and February.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sankri Village FAQs: Sankri Village Travel Questions Answers - How When Where Why in Sankri Village|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/sankri-village-faqs.php|access-date=2022-01-21|website=www.euttaranchal.com}}</ref> The average temperature is estimated to be in the range of 10 to 15 degrees [[celsius]] and the annual precipitation is about 1328 mm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sankri: The BaseCamp of many Himalayan Trekking adventures|url=https://www.moxtain.com/blogs/treks-from-sankri-uttarakhand|access-date=2022-01-21|website=Moxtain|language=en-gb}}</ref>

{{coord|31.07844|78.183698|region:IN_type:city|display=title}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Uttarakhand-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Villages in Uttarkashi district]]

Maya Puthagam

2026-03-09T19:29:24Z

Bogdansry:

{{short description|Indian fantasy thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maya Puthagam
| image = Maya Puthagam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Rama Jayaprakash
| writer = Rama Jayaprakash
| producer = B Vinod Jain
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan]]
* [[Abarnathi]]
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]]
}}
| cinematography = Arumugam
| editing = Priyan
| music = Ravi Vijayanand
| studio = Jaguar Studios
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|7|19|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Maya Puthagam''''' ({{Translation|Magic book}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[fantasy]] [[thriller film]] directed by Rama Jayaprakash. The film stars [[Ashok Kumar (Tamil actor)|Ashok Kumar]] and [[Abarnathi]] along with [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Aadukalam Naren]], Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy and [[K. S. G. Venkatesh|K S G Venkatesh]] supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=நாகமாக நடிக்கும் அபர்ணதி... வெளியானது மாய புத்தகம் படத்தின் ட்ரெய்லர்! |url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/maya-puthagam-trailer-is-out-now-starring-srikanth-ashok-kumar-abarnathi-maya-puthagam-teaser-and-trailer-video-111630838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720173809/https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/maya-puthagam-trailer-is-out-now-starring-srikanth-ashok-kumar-abarnathi-maya-puthagam-teaser-and-trailer-video-111630838 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=TimesNowTamil |language=ta}}</ref>

Synopsis: film starts with a group of goons trying to take away the diamond stone that is over the mayaputhagam, suddenly a huge snake enters and all the goons die as they get burnt. Now guru who is a struggling director comes to Naren who advised him of the abandoned palace and gives him some companions and tells heroine will join them later. While at the abandoned palace strange experience all faces, by the time pass heroine also joins with makeup man . Guru gradually finds he gets extra ability to dance very well and also gets protected by some superpower and identifies the snake that is following him and protecting him. Guru outbursts one day asking why the snake protecting him, to this the snake now shown as panchamidevi tells flashback as she is daughter of queen and happens to handle a diamond stone that others get burnt if tries to handle the diamond so panchamidevi idetifies she is daughter of nagas. Now panchamidevi has extreme ability and starts defeating other kings, she sets free the prisoners. One of the prisoner was Srikanth who later loves each other. One day enemy king while talking stabs panchamidevi to death and they conquer the kingdom and kills many people. Now a weeping panchamidevi tells she idetifies Srikanth in guru so trying to protect guru. Later dasarath who is enemy to guru comes to kill guru but panchamidevi kills him and suddenly gets her body shape like a queen back and she tells guru she is leaving the diamond stone for them and she about to ascend but guru takes the stone and stops her ascending and panchamidevi sees Srikanth in guru and film ends both of them as Srikanth as guru and panchamidevi in her queen shape unite and go together.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan]] as Guru
* [[Abarnathi]] as Panchamadevi
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] as Yoga Narasimha
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Rangaraja Yaadhavrayar
* [[Pawan (actor)|Pawan]]
* Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy
* [[K S G Venkatesh]]
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Sambasivam
* Dasarathi Narasimhan as Vikram
}}

== Production ==
The film noted the debut direction for director Rama Jayaprakash.<ref>{{Cite web |title=இருட்டு அறையில் முரட்டு தேவதையாக மிரட்டும் 'மாய புத்தகம்' |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/188148 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720173809/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/188148 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Virakesari.lk |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Maalai Malar]]'' critic rated two point five out of five and stated that "The first half of the screenplay moves to a dilapidated bungalow, opening the door to a room that is made for ghost movies, and the scares."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-18 |title=Maya Puthagam |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/maya-puthagam-159605 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=2 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602213348/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/maya-puthagam-159605 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[Times of india]]'' wrote that "''Maya Puthagam'' is a film that promises magic but delivers mediocrity" and rated two out of five star.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maya Puthagam Movie Review : A magic book of missed opportunities |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maya-puthagam/movie-review/111880866.cms |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721013517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maya-puthagam/movie-review/111880866.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt15816256}}

[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian adventure thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Dangri

2026-03-08T15:34:22Z

Bogdansry:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Tangri river
| name_other = Dangri river
| etymology =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = Sarasvati river.jpg
| map_size =
| map_caption = Ghaggar-Hakra ("Sarasvati") rivers and tributaries
| map_alt =
| source1_location = [[Shivalik Hills]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_location =
| mouth_elevation =
| basin_size =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = India
| length = {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_location= [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]] in [[Haryana]]
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right = Balaiali river, Amri river (Dadri river or Shahzadpur Wali river)
| city = [[Ambala Cantt]]
| waterfalls =
| bridges = Ambala cantt bridge, Barwala bridge, Ambala railway bridge
| ports =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Tangri River''', also called the '''Dangri River''', which originates in the [[Siwalik Hills|Shivalik Hills]], is a tributary of the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar River]] in the [[Haryana]] state of [[India]].<ref name="Ambala">[http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala AmbalaOnline - Rivers in Ambala]</ref><ref name="IE1">{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | newspaper=The Indian Express | title=Overflowing Ghaggar, Tangri inundate some villages along Punjab-Haryana border | first=Sanjeev | last=Chopra | date=25 September 2010 | accessdate=9 April 2017 }}</ref>

==Origin and route==
The Tangri river originates in the [[Shivalik hills]] on the border of [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] states, and flows along the Haryana and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] border before meeting with the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]].<ref name="Har1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |title=HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |archive-date=1 February 2016 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The basin is classified in two parts, [[Khadir and Bangar]], the higher area that is not flooded in rainy season is called ''Bangar'' and the lower flood-prone area is called ''Khadar''.<ref name="Har1"/>

The '''Dangri''' or '''Tangri''' is a stream that rises in the [[Morni|Morni Hill]]s of the [[Siwalik Hills]] of south-eastern [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name="valdiya"/> and flows for 70 km in Haryana.<ref name=sand1>[https://sandrp.wordpress.com/2017/04/04/haryana-rivers-profile/ Haryana rivers profile], South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People.</ref> It joins the [[Markanda River (Haryana)]] at the Haryana-Punjab border north of Sadhpur Viran in the northwest of the [[Kurukshetra district]] and south of Mehmudpur Rurki in south [[Patiala district]]. The combined Dangir-[[Markanda]] stream merges with the [[Sarsuti|Sarsuti River]] in northeast [[Kaithal district]], east of Diwana and southwest of Adoya, before joining the [[Ghaggar]] river just east of Dhandota village near [[Kasoli, Kaithal|Kasoli]] town in northwest Kaithal.<ref name="valdiya"/> It is thereafter known as the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]]. Further downstream on the banks of the Ghaggar stands a derelict fort at [[Sirsa]] town named Sarsuti.<ref name="valdiya"/> After the [[Ottu barrage]], the Ghaggar river is called the Hakra River and in Sindh it is called the Nara River. The order of rivers from left to right is the Ghaggar, Dangri, Markanda and Sarsuti. Further left to the right, the [[Chautang]] and [[Somb river]]s are tributaries of the Yamuna.

It is believed that Sarsuti is a corruption of the word [[Sarasvati]] and that the 6–8 km wide channel of the Sarsuti–Ghaggar system might have once been the [[Sarasvati River]] mentioned in the [[Rig Veda]].<ref name="valdiya">{{cite book | date=2002 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | authorlink=Kharag Singh Valdiya | first1=K.S. | isbn=9788173714030 | last1=Valdiya | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_P4KnbgYyoC | title=Saraswati : the river that disappeared | publisher=Orient Longman | location=Hyderabad | pages=23–27}}</ref><ref name="danino">{{cite book | date=2010 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | authorlink=Michel Danino | first1=Michel | last1=Danino | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8yc7-OirxKEC | title=The lost river : on the trail of the Sarasvatī | publisher=Penguin Books India | location=New Delhi | page=12 | isbn=9780143068648}} (Chapter 1, page 12)</ref> This Sarsuti channel is currently being revived by the [[Government of Haryana]] as the ancient Sarasvat river.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===Tributaries===
[[File:Tangri River Ambala.jpg|thumb|Tangri River at Ambala]]
Originating from the Morni Hills, the Tangri joins its southern tributary called the ''Balaiali River'' (which originates near the south of the Morni Hills) near Chajju Majra, south of [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]]. Near Panjokhra, southeast of Ambala, the Tangri River divides into two streams that flow north and south of Ambala. Further downstream near Segti and Segta villages, the Tangri River joins its tributary called the ''Amri River'' (also known as the ''Dadri River'' and the ''Shahzadpur Wali River'', which originates near Rataur)) after Amri has already collected its own tributary called the ''Omla River''.<ref name=ambala1>[http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala Rivers in Ambala]</ref>

* [[Ghaggar-Hakra river|Ghaggar]], 250 km<ref name=sand1/>
**[[Kaushalya river]], 20 km,<ref name=sand1/> tributary of the Ghaggar which converges in Panchkula
** [[Markanda river, Haryana|Markanda river]], 90 km,<ref name=sand1/> eastern tributary of the Ghaggar
*** Dangri river (Tangri), 70 km,<ref name=sand1/> western tributary of the Markanda
**** Balaiali river, eastern tributary of the Dangri
**** Amri river (Dadri River or Shahzadpur Wali river), eastern tributary of the Dangri
***** Omla river, tributary of the Amri river
**** Numerous other streams in Yamunanagar district
** [[Sarsuti]], ? km,<ref name=sand1/> eastern tributary of the Ghaggar
** [[Chautang]], 9 km,<ref name=sand1/> eastern tributary of the Ghaggar

Several archaeologists have identified the old [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]] with the [[Sarasvati river]], on the banks of which the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] developed.<ref name="Possehl 1997">{{citation |first=Gregory L. |last=Possehl |authorlink=Gregory Possehl |title=The Transformation of the Indus Civilization |journal=Journal of World Prehistory |volume=11 |number=4 |date=December 1997 |pages=425–472 |jstor=25801118 |doi=10.1007/bf02220556|s2cid=161129625 }}</ref><ref name="Kenoyer 1997">{{citation |last=Kenoyer |first=J. M. |year=1997 |chapter=Early City-states in South Asia: Comparing the Harappan Phase and the Early Historic Period |title=The Archaeology of City States: Cross Cultural Approaches |editor1=D. L. Nichols |editor2=T. H. Charlton |pages=52–70 |location=Washington |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|isbn=1560987227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iORzQgAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last1=Allchin|first1=Bridget|last2=Allchin|first2=Raymond|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC|year=1982|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-28550-6 |page=160}}</ref><ref>{{citation |editor-last=Erdosy |editor-first=George |title=The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A6ZRShEIFwMC |year=1995 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-014447-5 |pages=44, 266}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
IVC-major-sites-2.jpg|[[Indus Valley civilisation|Indus–Sarasvati civilisation]] major sites
Ghaggar river in Panchkula.jpg|[[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]] flowing through [[Panchkula]] in [[Haryana]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Western Yaumna Canal|Western Yamuna Canal]], branches off [[Yamuna]]
* [[Yamuna]], a current left-side tributary of the Ganges and an earlier right-side tributary of Sarasvati river
* [[Sutlej]], a current right-side tributary of [[Indus]] and an earlier left side tributary of Sarasvati river
* [[Ganges]]
* [[Indus]]
{{col div end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070101164930/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/members/indus.html Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization and Sarasvati River]
*[http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/archaeology/site/archs0001.htm The Saraswati: Where lies the mystery by Saswati Paik]

{{Hydrography of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Hydrography of Haryana}}
{{Hydrography of Punjab, India}}
{{Haryana}}

{{coord|30|13|N|76|43|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Rivers of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rigvedic rivers]]
[[Category:Indus basin]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Sarasvati River]]

Kum Kum Khanna

2026-02-26T11:06:58Z

Bogdansry:

{{short description|Indian molecular biologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

'''Kum Kum Khanna''' is an Indian molecular biologist and professor at the [[Mater Research Institute]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Kum Kum Khanna |url=https://www.materresearch.org.au/researchers/our-researchers/find-a-researcher/prof-kum-kum-khanna |website=Mater Research |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref> She has published numerous [[peer review]]ed articles in journals including [[Nature Genetics]], [[Cancer Cell (journal)|Cancer Cell]], [[Nature (journal)|Nature]], and [[Oncogene (journal)|Oncogene]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=zuy2qyUAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&pagesize=100|title=Kum Kum Khanna|publisher=[[Google Scholar]]|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-date=15 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415120439/http://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=zuy2qyUAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&pagesize=100|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Her most cited article,<ref>DNA double-strand breaks: signaling, repair and the cancer connection, KK Khanna, SP Jackson, ''Nature Genetics'' 27 (3), 247–254</ref> has received over 1,500 citations since its publication in 2001. She has made discoveries relating to single-stranded DNA binding proteins hSSB1 and hSSB2 involved in DNA repair, identified the protein Cep55 involved in regulation of the final stage of the cell cycle, and functionally characterised the BRCA2-interacting protein Centrobin.<ref name="the conversation">{{cite web |title=Kum Kum Khanna |url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/kum-kum-khanna-197004 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref>

According to Research.com, she has a D-index of 88 in Molecular Biology, with 280 publications and over 28,000 citations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kum Kum Khanna |url=https://research.com/u/kum-kum-khanna |website=Research.com |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanna, Kum Kum}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century births]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Mandrem

2026-02-21T18:56:41Z

Bogdansry: Put up a pg first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandrem
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = File:Mandrem Beach and Mandrem River, Mandrem, Goa, India (edit).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mandrem Beach and river
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt = 0
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Goa, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.658123|N|73.713062|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Goa district|North Goa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 18.9
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8,336<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/626659-mandrem-goa.html|title = Mandrem Census Town City Population Census 2011-2021 | Goa}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 403527<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goaonline.in/|title=Goa's Largest Business Directory Network - www.goaonline.in|website=GoaOnline.in}}</ref>
| registration_plate = GA
| website = {{URL|goa.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mandrem''' is a coastal village famous as a tourist spot in [[Pernem]] taluka in [[North Goa]] district of [[Goa]] state in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/00/Mandrem.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Mandrem, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It is 21 km from the capital [[Panaji]].

== About ==

It has two main beaches: Junas and Ashvem.

The village has 11 wards.<ref name="IsidoreToI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/of-white-beaches-and-arabian-horses/articleshow/58583705.cms|title=Of white beaches and Arabian horses |last=Mendis |first=Isidore |date=May 9, 2017 |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref>

Mandrem or Mandre, originally named as Manjrey, was converted to Mandrem by the Portuguese. The "D" is pronounced as "J" in Portuguese.

== Mandrem beach ==
Mandrem Beach is a white sand beach with clear water. The beach of Mandrem lies between the twin beaches of Morjim and Arambol. This beach is a quiet and peaceful beach. The beauty of Mandrem Beach is especially during the High Tide time when the seawater rushes into the Mandrem Creek or River. This Mandrem creek moves parallel to the waterline. Mandrem has a small fishing community and occasionally one might see local fishermen hauling their catch from the sea. The beach has been notified as a turtle nesting site under CRZ 2011.

==Government and politics==
Mandrem is part of [[Mandrem (Goa Assembly constituency)]] and [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

==Notable residents==
* [[Bhau Daji Lad]] – Sanskrit scholar, physician and antique collector. Born in Aska vaddo
* [[Anurag Mhamal]] – Goa’s first chess [[international master]]<ref name="IsidoreToI" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Mandrem}}

* [https://goa.tours/product/mandrem-beach/ Mandrem Beach] a small tidal creek runs parallel to the shoreline and connects to the Arabian Sea during high tide, giving the beach its distinctive landscape. The area is also a nesting site for Olive Ridley sea turtles and home to white-bellied fish eagles, herons, and kingfishers.
[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]
[[Category:Beaches of Goa]]
[[Category:Beaches of North Goa district]]

Vicky Batra

2026-02-12T03:25:52Z

Bogdansry: fix details based on references for consistency

{{short description|Indian television actor|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vicky Batra
| image =
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| years_active = 2009–present
}}

'''Vicky Batra''' is an Indian [[television]] [[actor]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130302035606/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-27/tv/37329892_1_jodha-akbar-chetan-hansraj-paridhi-sharma Vicky Batra as Sujamal in Jodha Akbar!]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Aham-Sharma-Vicky-Batra-in-Shapath/articleshow_b2/20224113.cms Aham Sharma & Vicky Batra in Shapath]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012340/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-23/tv/39474173_1_shapath-hum-ne-li-hai-super-cops-v-s-super Aham Sharma & Vicky Batra in Shapath]</ref> He appeared in one episode of Sony TV's ''Adaalat'' and played the role of Sujamal in Zee TV's series ''Jodha Akbar''.

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Serial
!Character
|-
|2009
|[[Shakuntala (TV series)|Shakuntala]]
|Rajkumar Mritunjaya
|-
|2012
|[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]
|Chandra
|-
|2013-15
|[[Jodha Akbar (TV series)|Jodha Akbar]]
|Rajkumar Sujamal
|-
|2014
|[[SuperCops vs Supervillains]]
|Treeman
|-
|2015
|[[Suryaputra Karn]]
|[[Dhrishtadyumna]]
|-
|}2016
|-[[Fearfiles]]
|. [[Rahul]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=nm5810733|name=Vicky Batra}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Batra, Vicky}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Bhagur Assembly constituency

2026-01-31T18:18:36Z

Bogdansry: Starting Initial Details From Scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhagur
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1962 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1961 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 1967
| electors = 56,303
| mla = Dattaraya Tulsiram Kale
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = SC
}}

'''Bhagur Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Dattaraya Tulsiram Kale || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1964 elections in India#Maharashtra|1964 By-election]] || A. T. Kale
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly By-election 1964===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1964 elections in India#Maharashtra|1964 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Bhagur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=A. T. Kale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 15,607 |percentage = |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. Duttumanji |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 9,862 |percentage = |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,745 |percentage = |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 0}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhagur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dattaraya Tulsiram Kale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,289 |percentage = 58.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Janardan Sambhaji Unawane |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 8,462 |percentage = 30.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tulshiram Dadaji Pawar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,226 |percentage = 7.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shiwaji Gangaram Kale |party=Independent politician |votes = 959 |percentage = 3.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,827 |percentage = 28.02% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 29,653 |percentage = 52.67% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,936}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,303|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Dara Shikoh Road

2026-01-25T17:56:39Z

Bogdansry:

{{Short description|Road in Central Delhi, India named after Dara Shikoh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
<mapframe latitude="28.611067" longitude="77.20361" zoom="16" width="227" height="190" />

'''Dara Shikoh Road''' is the name given to a road in [[Central Delhi district|Central Delhi]] to honour [[Dara Shikoh]], a [[Mughal people|Mughal]] prince who was the [[heir apparent]] of [[Shah Jahan]]. The road was originally named '''Dalhousie Road''', after [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|Lord Dalhousie]]. This road is located just 2 km from [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapathi Bhavan]].<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/Dalhousie-Road-becomes-Dara-Shikoh-Road/article17201267.ece|title=Dalhousie Road becomes Dara Shikoh Road|newspaper=The Hindu|first=Damini|last=Nath|date=6 February 2017|access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>

==Background==

The renaming of roads is a part of India's attempt to distance itself from its colonial past. This was the third time that the NDMC has renamed a road in less than two years. In 2015, Aurangzeb Road was named as [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] Road.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/finally-aurangzeb-lane-is-now-dr-apj-abdul-kalam-lane/videoshow/101548961.cms|title=abdul kalam road: Finally, Aurangzeb Lane is now Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Lane {{pipe}} News - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref> [[Race Course Road]], where the Prime Minister's residence is located, was renamed as [[Lok Kalyan Marg]] in 2016.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/iconic-race-course-road-renamed-as-lok-kalyan-marg/articleshow/54448916.cms|title=Iconic Race Course Road renamed as Lok Kalyan Marg {{pipe}} Delhi News|website=Times of India|date=21 September 2016 |access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>

==Dara Shikoh==
{{main|Dara Shikoh}}[[File:Dara Shikoh.jpg|thumb|'''Prince Dara Shikoh''']]
[[Dara Shikoh]], also transliterated as Dara Shukoh, (20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659) was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. Dara was designated with the title Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba (lit. 'Prince of High Rank') and was favoured as a successor by his father and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum. He had been given the title of 'Shah-e-Buland Iqbal' by [[Shah Jahan]]. In the war of succession which ensued after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657, Dara was defeated by his younger brother Prince Muhiuddin (later, the Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]). He was executed in 1659 on [[Aurangzeb]]'s orders in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne.<ref name="scroll">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/879195/aurangzeb-and-dara-shikohs-fight-for-the-throne-was-entwined-with-the-rivalry-of-their-two-sisters|author=Ira Mukhoty|website=scroll.in|title=Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh's fight for the throne was entwined with the rivalry of their two sisters|date=17 May 2018 |access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>

The new namesake, was more than just a Mughal prince. He was a scholar deeply interested in fostering peace and understanding between [[Hinduism]] and [[Islam]]. A patron of the arts as well, Dara Shikoh's legacy extends beyond religious tolerance, encompassing a deep appreciation for Indian culture.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/11/stories/2008111158760200.htm|archive-date=2011-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905080509/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/11/stories/2008111158760200.htm|website=hindu.com|title=The Hindu : Karnataka / Bangalore News : A forgotten symbol of composite culture|access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>

==Renaming==
Dalhousie Road, located less than 2 kilometers from the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhawan]], previously bore the name of [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|the 1st Marquess of Dalhousie]], the [[Governor-General of India]] from 1848 to 1856. The NDMC's decision to rename the road reflects a shift towards honoring figures associated with India's rich cultural heritage.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

The proposal was first moved in 2014 for renaming Aurangzeb Road after [[Dara Shikoh]]. However, after former President [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] died, the road was renamed in his honour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=abdul kalam road: Finally, Aurangzeb Lane is now Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Lane {{!}} News - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/finally-aurangzeb-lane-is-now-dr-apj-abdul-kalam-lane/videoshow/101548961.cms |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

The municipal body passed the new proposal on 6 Feb 2017, put forward by BJP MP Meenakshi Lekhi, who was also a council member, to this effect at a special meeting convened by its chairman, Naresh Kumar. It came effect on the same day.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/Feb/06/dalhousie-road-renamed-as-dara-shikoh-road-after-aurganzebs-brother-1567571.html|website=newindianexpress.com|title=Dalhousie Road renamed as Dara Shikoh Road after Aurganzeb's brother|date=6 February 2017 |access-date=2024-06-30}}</ref>

==Criticism==

The renaming of Dalhousie Road sparked a conversation about the importance of remembering historical figures who championed tolerance and intellectual pursuits. While some may debate the necessity of renaming historical landmarks, this shift undeniably reflects a desire to celebrate figures who embody the values of a pluralistic society.{{POV statement|date=January 2025}} AAP MLA Surinder Singh questioned the timing of the recommendation in view of assembly polls in four states.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==See also==
*[[Dara Shikoh]]
*[[Lok Kalyan Marg]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Roads in Delhi]]
[[Category:Streets in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Decolonization]]
[[Category:Tourism in Delhi]]

M. Narmadha

2026-01-21T20:53:13Z

Bogdansry: Improved wording and formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2013}}
[[File:Dr.M.Narmadha.jpg|thumb]]
Dr.M.Narmadha is a violinist who performs solo violin concerts of Indian Music.

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.facebook.com/drmnarmadhaviolin
* http://archives.chennaionline.com/musicseason99/profile/narmadha.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620102609/http://archives.chennaionline.com/musicseason99/profile/narmadha.html |date=20 June 2016 }}
* http://www.sabhash.com/artist/22/dr.-m.-narmadha.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306053352/http://www.sabhash.com/artist/22/dr.-m.-narmadha.htm |date=6 March 2013 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narmadha, M.}}
[[Category:Carnatic violinists]]
[[Category:Hindustani violinists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian violinists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian women violinists]]
[[Category:Indian musicologists]]
[[Category:Indian women musicologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Dargah Hafiz Shah Jamalullah

2026-01-02T17:41:41Z

Bogdansry: starting a stub more to come

{{Short description|Sufi shrine in India}}
{{Orphan|date=May 2025}}

'''Dargah Hafiz Shah Jamalullah''' is a [[Sufi]] shrine of Shah Jamalullah Rampuri, a Sufi saint who is often known as ''Badhsah-e-Rohilkhand'' ({{Translation|The King of [[Rohilkhand]]}}).<ref>{{Cite news |title=रामपुर में बादशाह-ए-रुहेलखंड हाफिज शाह जमाल उल्लाह का उर्स शुरू:237वें उर्स में देश विदेश से आए ज़ायरीन, आधी रात को होगा विशाल आयोजन |trans-title=Urs of Badshah-e-Rohilkhand Hafiz Shah Jamal Ullah begins in Rampur: Pilgrims from across the country and abroad come for the 237th Urs, a huge event will be organized at midnight |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/rampur/news/urs-of-badshah-e-ruhilkhand-hafiz-shah-jamal-ullah-begins-in-rampur-133452476.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हाफिज साहब का सलाना उर्स शुरू |trans-title=Hafiz sahab's annual Urs begins |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur-hafiz-shah-jamal-ullah-19631681.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

The shrine is around 250 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=एशिया की सबसे खास है ये 250 साल पुरानी मजार, यहां हर दुआ होती है कबूल! |trans-title=This 250 year old tomb is the most special in Asia, every prayer is accepted here! |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/rampur-250-years-old-famous-tomb-of-asia-dargah-hafiz-shah-jamal-ullah-rampur-8199513.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हाफिज साहब के उर्स में कुलशरीफ |trans-title=Kul Sharif in the Urs of Hafiz Saheb |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur-11808383.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is situated in the Roshanbagh area of [[Rampur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-09 |title=रामपुर: हजरत हाफिज शाह जमाल उल्लाह का 234वां सालाना उर्स परचम कुशाई के साथ शुरू |trans-title=Rampur: 234th annual Urs of Hazrat Hafiz Shah Jamal Ullah begins with flag hoisting |url=https://www.amritvichar.com/article/111471/rampur-234th-annual-urs-of-hazrat-hafiz-shah-jamal-ullah-begins-with-parcham-kushai |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=www.amritvichar.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dargahs in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rampur district]]
[[Category:Rohilkhand]]

Zydus Wellness

2025-11-20T23:42:19Z

Bogdansry: Adding New Entry

{{short description|Indian consumer goods company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Zydus Wellness Limited
| logo = Zydus Wellness Logo.jpg
| logo_size =
| caption =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| genre =
| traded_as = {{NSE|ZYDUSWELL}} {{BSE|531335}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 1994<ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Wellness Ltd. |url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/zydus-wellness-6367/information/company-history |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>
| defunct =
| location_city = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{cite news |title=India's beloved Complan, Glucon-D, and Nycil brands now have a fully Indian owner |url=https://qz.com/india/1435329/indias-zydus-wellness-buys-complan-glucon-d-from-kraft-heinz/ |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Quartz}}</ref>
| location_country = India
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = Sharvil Patel (Chairman) Tarun Arora (CEO)<ref>{{cite web |title=Zydus beats the drums for the Heinz band |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/business-standard/20200313/282235192724952 |publisher=Business Standard |access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
| industry = [[Fast-moving consumer goods]]
| products = Glucon-D, Sugar Free, EverYuth, [[Complan]], Nycil
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|2708.9|c}} (FY25)<ref name="fy25"/>
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|346.9|c}} (FY25)<ref name="fy25"> {{cite news |title=Zydus Wellness posts 30% profit growth in FY25, driven by strong show in personal care segment |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/zydus-wellness-posts-30-profit-growth-in-fy25-driven-by-strong-personal-care-segment/article69593639.ece |access-date=19 May 2025 |work=Business Line}} </ref>
| owner = [[Zydus Lifesciences]] (57.59%)<ref>{{cite news |title=Cadila Healthcare Limited |url=https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/CadilaHealthcareLimited_November%2030,%202021_RR_281821.html |access-date=31 January 2023 |work=CRISIL}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.zyduswellness.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Zydus Wellness''' (previously '''Carnation Nutra-Analogue Foods''') is an Indian [[Fast-moving consumer goods|consumer goods]] company, which produces [[human nutrition|nutrition]] and [[skincare]] products. Headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]], it is a subsidiary of the pharmaceutical company [[Zydus Lifesciences]] (formerly known as Cadila Healthcare). Its brands include Glucon-D, Sugar Free, EverYuth,<ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Wellness' Everyuth goes for an image makeover in beauty market |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/zydus-wellness-everyuth-goes-for-an-image-makeover-in-beauty-market-118100200819_1.html |access-date=16 May 2023 |work=Business Standard |date=2 October 2018}}</ref> [[Complan]], and Nycil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zydus Wellness Q3 revenues up 14.7% at Rs381.58cr on brand push|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/zydus-wellness-q3-revenues-up-14-7-at-rs381-58cr-on-brand-push-121020100595_1.html|access-date=2021-07-18|website=www.indiainfoline.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dandekar |first1=Vikas |last2=Majumdar |first2=Debleena |title=Zydus Wellness: The Complan kid needed nutrition. Zydus has figured out a plan to make it grow. |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/prime/consumer/the-complan-kid-needed-nutrition-zydus-has-figured-out-a-plan-to-make-it-grow-/primearticleshow/66423171.cms |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> As of 2021, the company operates three manufacturing plants, one in [[Gujarat]] and two in [[Sikkim]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zydus Wellness Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/zydus-wellness-6367/information/company-history|access-date=2021-07-18}}</ref>

==History==
The company was founded in 1994 as Carnation Nutra-Analogue Foods, a producer of [[Milk substitute|dairy substitutes]] and known for its [[margarine]] product Nutralite.<ref name=bizstan/>

In 2006, [[Cadila Healthcare]] acquired a 14.96% stake in the company.<ref name=bizstan>{{cite news |title=Cadila buys stake in Carnation Foods |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/cadila-buys-stake-in-carnation-foods-106031801038_1.html |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Business Standard India |date=18 March 2006}}</ref> Cadila's stake in the company increased to over 70% in 2008, after the merger of Cadila's consumer goods business, which included [[sugar substitute]] brand Sugar Free and EverYuth range of skincare products, into Carnation. The merged entity was then named as Zydus Wellness Limited in January 2009.<ref name=ecoti/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zydus Wellness Ltd: Reports, Company History, Directors Report, Chairman's Speech, Auditors Report of Zydus Wellness Ltd - NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business|access-date=2021-07-18|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, the company began manufacturing men's grooming and skincare products.<ref name=ecoti>{{cite news |last1=Mohapatra |first1=Sushmita |last2=Dutta |first2=Vishal |title=Zydus eyes acquisitions to turn consumer arm into Rs 500-cr company |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/zydus-eyes-acquisitions-to-turn-consumer-arm-into-rs-500-cr-company/articleshow/4940361.cms |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=27 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gopalan |first1=Krishna |title=Zydus Wellness – Not all is well |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/specials/fastest_40/not-all-is-well-2247 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Outlook Business |date=26 May 2012}}</ref> In 2011, Zydus Wellness launched its milk additive brand Actilife.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unified strokes, a new growth strategy |url=https://zyduscadila.com/public/pdf/financial/annual/AR-12.pdf |work=zyduscadila.com |access-date=11 December 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

In 2017, Zydus Wellness developed [[stevia]] products as part of its sugar substitute business.<ref>{{cite news |title=Skin care or functional food? Zydus Wellness eyes acquisitions in FY19 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/skin-care-or-functional-food-zydus-wellness-eyes-acquisitions-in-fy19-118011600153_1.html |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Business Standard |date=23 June 2017}}</ref> In 2018, it launched its second sugar substitute brand called Sugarlite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Wellness Expands Portfolio By Launching Sugar Lite |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/zydus-wellness-expands-portfolio-by-launching-sugar-lite-3300141.html |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sweet & sour |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/sweet-sour/67543557 |access-date=16 May 2023 |work=Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2019, Zydus Wellness acquired a part of [[Kraft Heinz|Heinz India]]'s business for {{INRconvert|4595|c|year=2019|mode=historical}}, which included the health drink brand [[Complan]], glucose-based energy drink additive Glucon D, [[talcum powder]] brand Nycil, and Sampriti Ghee. It also took over Heinz India's manufacturing facilities in [[Aligarh]] and [[Sitarganj]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus to buy iconic Heinz brands for ₹4,595 cr |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/zydus-wellness-cadila-to-buy-kraft-heinz-india-for-rs-4595-cr/article25308544.ece |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Wellness completes acquisition of Heinz India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/zydus-wellness-completes-acquisition-of-heinz-india/articleshow/67761812.cms |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Riding on Heinz, Zydus Wellness eyes Rs 4,500-crore turnover in 5 years |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/riding-on-heinz-zydus-wellness-eyes-rs-4-500-crore-turnover-in-5-years-119060500884_1.html |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>

In 2020, Zydus Wellness began making [[hand sanitiser]]s<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: Zydus Wellness launches hand sanitizer under Nycil brand to meet growing demand |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-zydus-wellness-launches-hand-sanitizer-under-nycil-brand-to-meet-growing-demand/1787413 |publisher=Outlook India |access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> and chocolate products.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ambwani |first1=Meenakshi Verma |title=Zydus Wellness looks to strengthen nutrition, immunity play |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/zydus-wellness-looks-to-strengthen-nutrition-immunity-play/article32140018.ece |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Wellness expects to continue growth momentum on back of new launches |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/zydus-wellness-expects-to-continue-growth-momentum-on-back-of-new-launches/articleshow/79113450.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Economic Times}}</ref>

In November 2024, Zydus Wellness acquired Naturell India for ₹390 crore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/zydus-wellness-board-approves-acquisition-of-naturell-india-for-rs-390-cr-124103001366_1.html |title=Zydus Wellness board approves acquisition of Naturell India for Rs 390 cr |work=Business Standard |access-date=30 October 2024}}</ref> In August 2025, Zydus Wellness acquired UK-based Comfort Click for £239 million, its first overseas acquisition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-29 |title=Zydus Wellness acquires UK-based Comfort Click for GBP 239 mn; enters VMS market; strengthens global push |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/zydus-wellness-acquires-uk-based-comfort-click-for-gbp-239-mn-enters-vms-market-strengthens-global-push/articleshow/123590416.cms |access-date=2025-11-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Pharmaceutical industry in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical industry in India| ]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies of India]]
[[Category:Cosmetics companies of India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:Health care companies of India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Juri River

2025-10-18T06:21:10Z

Bogdansry: expanded formatting based on references and added references

{{Short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
The '''Juri River''' is a [[trans-boundary river]] in India and [[Bangladesh]]. It rises in the [[Jampui Hills]] of the Indian state of [[Tripura]]. The Juri has a length of 79 kilometers.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Showing-Deo-River-River-Kakri-is-the-earlier-name-of-River-Juri-after-Kakri-Bridge_fig5_303842614</ref> It crosses into Bangladesh in [[Juri Upazila]] of [[Maulvi Bazar District]]. The [[Juri Upazila]] is named after this river.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trpenvis.nic.in/surfacew.htm|title=Rivers of Tripura|publisher=Tripura State Pollution Control Board|access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of rivers in Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Tripura}}
{{Hydrography of North-east India}}
{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}
{{coord|24|42|N|91|57|E|display=title|region:BD_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tripura]]
[[Category:Kulaura Upazila]]
[[Category:Juri Upazila]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sylhet Division]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}
{{Sylhet-geo-stub}}
{{Bangladesh-river-stub}}

Puravankara Limited

2025-10-14T03:18:58Z

Bogdansry: Made some entry basic info...

{{Short description|Indian publicly-held real estate development company}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup press release|1=article|date=July 2025}}
{{COI|date=July 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Puravankara Limited
| logo = File:Puravankara Limited.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| former_name =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|532891}} {{NSE|PURVA}}
| industry = [[Real estate]] & [[construction]]
| founded = {{Start date and age| 1975}}
| founder = Ravi Puravankara
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|Ravi Puravankara ([[Chairman]]) |Nani R Choksey ([[Vice-Chairman]])| Ashish Puravankara ([[Managing Director]])| Mallanna Sasalu ([[CEO]] South)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Sobia |date=2025-05-10 |title=Puravankara appoints Mallanna Sasalu as CEO – South; Abhishek Kapoor resigns |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/puravankara-appoints-mallanna-sasalu-as-ceo-south-abhishek-kapoor-resigns/articleshow/121049925.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>}}
| products = [[Residential]], [[Commercial property|Commercial]]
| brands =
| services =
| num_employees = 2700+ (2021)
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| website = {{URL|www.puravankara.com}}
}}

'''Puravankara Limited''' is an Indian [[publicly-held]] [[real estate]] development company. It was established in 1975 by Ravi Puravankara and is headquartered in [[Bangalore]]. It operates in the residential and commercial sectors, having developed projects in [[Bengaluru]], [[Chennai]], [[Kochi]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Dubai]] and [[Colombo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-29 |title=Puravankara launches new project |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/Puravankara-launches-new-project/article14966443.ece |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sapam |first=Bidya |date=2018-10-21 |title=Bengaluru's Puravankara re-enters Mumbai housing market |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/7l0pLbxPUgrf7wooQ5vxGI/Bengalurus-Puravankara-reenters-Mumbai-housing-market.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Puravankara Limited was incorporated by Ravi Puravankara in 1975.

In March 2017, [[Hetero Drugs|Hetero Group]], acquired a 19-acre land along with a 100% equity stake in the companies from Puravankara Projects for Rs. 475 crore. In March 2017, The company's board passed a resolution to divest its investment in Raidurg Panamaktha Village, which is valued at Rs 403 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Sobia |date=2017-03-29 |title=Puravankara sells 19 acre land in Hyderabad for Rs 475 crore |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/puravankara-sells-19-acre-land-in-hyderabad-for-rs-475-crore/articleshow/57875102.cms |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru-Based Puravankara Sells Land In Hyderabad For Rs 475 Crore |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/bengaluru-based-puravankara-sells-land-in-hyderabad-for-rs-475-crore-1674539 |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

In January 2018, Puravankara Projects Ltd changed its name to Puravankara Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-04 |title=Puravankara name change |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/real-estate/puravankara-name-change/article9459545.ece |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2019, Abhishek Kapoor was appointed [[chief operating officer]] and later promoted to the role of CEO in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-26 |title=Bengaluru-based Puravankara puts its legacy issues behind |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/bengaluru-based-puravankara-puts-its-legacy-issues-behind/2503172/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, Abhishek Kapoor stepped down, and Mallanna Sasalu was appointed as CEO South.<ref name="a412">{{cite web | last=Khan | first=Sobia | title=Puravankara appoints Mallanna Sasalu as CEO – South; Abhishek Kapoor resigns | website=The Economic Times | date=10 May 2025 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/puravankara-appoints-mallanna-sasalu-as-ceo-south-abhishek-kapoor-resigns/articleshow/121049925.cms?from=mdr | access-date=23 June 2025}}</ref>

==Funding==
In March 2011, Puravankara raised foreign direct investment from [[Keppel Corporation]] of Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-29 |title=Puravankara launches new project |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/Puravankara-launches-new-project/article14966443.ece |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

In April 2015, Puravankara received ₹82 crore (US$13 million) from ASK Group for its subsidiary, Provident Housing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puravankara Projects rejigs top deck; Ashish Puravankara becomes MD & CEO |url=https://www.vccircle.com/puravankara-projects-rejigs-top-deck-ashish-puravankara-becomes-md-ceo |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}</ref>

In December 2020, Puravankara obtained a $76 million investment from [[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC) and IFC Emerging Asia Fund for its affordable housing projects under the housing brand Provident.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-17 |title=IFC to invest in Puravankara group's affordable housing platform |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ifc-to-invest-in-puravankara-group-s-affordable-housing-platform-11608204251590.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandy |first=Madhurima |date=2022-07-21 |title=Puravankara maiden fund raises ₹200 crore in first close |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/puravankara-maiden-fund-raises-200-crore-in-first-close-11658409561996.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2022, Puravankara launched a fund of ₹750 crore to invest in affordable housing projects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandy |first=Madhurima |date=2022-04-20 |title=Puravankara launches ₹750 cr fund to invest in affordable housing projects |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/puravankara-launches-rs750-crore-real-estate-fund-11650460683762.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2024, Provident Housing received ₹1,150 crore investment from HDFC Capital.<ref name="i414">{{cite web | title=HDFC Capital invests ₹1,150 crore in Provident Housing | website=The Hindu | date=25 April 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/hdfc-capital-invests-1500-crore-in-provident-housing/article68107294.ece | access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Real estate companies of India]]
[[Category:Real estate companies established in 1975]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Karnataka]]

The Indian War of Independence (book)

2025-10-05T17:40:53Z

Bogdansry: slightly cleanup lead additionally per standard format

{{Short description|1909 history book by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}

{{infobox book|
| name = The Indian War of Independence
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = File:The_Indian_War_of_Independence_(book).png
| caption = Title page for ''The Indian War of Independence'' (1909)
| author = [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]], English
| genre = History ([[Nationalist]])
| publisher = Sethani Kampani, Bombay (reprint, India)
| release_date = 1909, 1947 (First public edition, India)
| english_release_date = 1909
| media_type =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''The Indian War of Independence''''' is an Indian [[Historical revisionism|nationalist history]] of the [[1857 revolt]] by [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] that was first published in 1909.{{sfn|Ranbir Vohra|2000|p=70}}

== Creation ==

Savarkar initially wrote ''The Indian War of Independence'' in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], in response to celebrations in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] of the 50th anniversary of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] with records from [[India Office]] archives. The project received support from Indian nationalists in Britain, including the likes of [[Madame Cama]], [[V.V.S. Iyer]] and [[M.P.T. Acharya]], as well as Indian students who had dared not show their support or sympathy for [[India House]] openly.{{sfn|B.D. Yadav|1992|p=14}} The book sought to bring the [[Indian independence movement|Indian movement]] to public attention in Britain as well as to inspire [[Indian nationalism|nationalist]] movements in India.

Savarkar finished writing the book in 1907, when he was at the [[India House]] in London, but could not find a publisher in Europe because the book was written in Marathi. So, he decided to publish an English translation. It is not clear who translated the book, but the language is quite consistent throughout the translation, which suggests that the translation was done by a single person. The anonymous publisher simply states that "other residents at the India house" translated the work, and that they expedited the publication without waiting for an elegant translation.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|pp=87-88}}

== Inspiration ==

The book was influenced by histories of the [[French Revolution]], the [[American Revolution]] and Indian histories of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] conquests.{{sfn|Vikram Visana|2021|pp=1-24}}

Savarkar was inspired by the Italian revolutionary [[Giuseppe Mazzini]]'s assertion that the history of a revolution must consider "the principles and motives of the people involved", and referred to the [[First Italian War of Independence]] as an example for the Indian historians to consider.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=91}}

[[Karl Marx]] had published a short article named "The Indian Revolt" in the [[New-York Tribune]] in 1857.<ref name="UCalI">{{cite web
| publisher = University of California, Irvine
| url= https://eee.uci.edu/programs/humcore/Student/Spring2008/LectureNotes/LNWk5-2_SavarkarLecture1_S08.htm
| title= V.D. Savarkar and The Indian War of Independence, 1857
| access-date=2008-06-20
}}{{dead link|date=October 2022}}</ref> Some later writers have wrongly claimed that Karl Marx inspired Savarkar's use of the term "war of independence" for the event. Marx never used the term to describe the 1857 revolt, although a volume of his articles was published in [[Moscow]] in 1959 under the title ''The First Indian War of Independence 1857–1859''. This volume was based on a Russian-language edition, whose title does not use the term "First". The title may have been inspired by Savarkar's book, whose original edition did not use the term "First" either. The word "first" appears in an edition of Savarkar's book published in 1945 in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. The edition, titled ''The Volcano, or The First War of Indian Independence'', was published by the [[Indian National Army]] (INA) and the Japanese Ministry of Propaganda.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|pp=29-31}} The book is said to have inspired the formation of the [[Rani of Jhansi Regiment]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=The Book by Veer Savarkar |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?11408 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209205829/https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?11408 |archive-date=9 February 2025 |website=amritmahotsav.nic.in |quote=The fifth edition of "Indian Independence Summer: 1857" was published in Japan by Shri Rash Behari Bose and distributed amongst the members of the Indian National Army. It is said that the inspiration from this book lay behind the formation of the Rani Lakshmi Bai Regiment.}}</ref>

==Ban==

The book was seen at the time as highly inflammatory, and the Marathi edition was banned in [[British Raj|British India]] even before its publication.{{sfn|Peter Hopkirk|2001|p=45}} Publication of the English translation faltered after British printers and publishing houses were warned by the [[Home Office]] of its highly seditious content, while the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|Foreign Office]] brought pressure on the French government to prevent its publication in [[Paris]].{{sfn|Peter Hopkirk|2001|p=45}} In July 1909, [[Madan Lal Dhingra]], a member of Savarkar's [[Abhinav Bharat Society]], assassinated the British official [[Curzon Wyllie]]. British authorities knew that Savarkar had planned to release a text, and were concerned that it may incite further acts of violence similar to that committed by Dhingra.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=87}}

Savarkar's earlier works were not widely read: his first book - on Mazzini - was immediately banned by the government; the manuscript of his second book - on the history of the [[Sikhs]] - was either lost in post or destroyed by officials before it could be published. Therefore, Savarkar's associates maintained secrecy regarding the book's publication and circulation. An underground network of revolutionaries circulated the book, hoping that it would encourage further unrest in British India.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=87}}

On 21 July 1909, H .A. Stuart, the Director of the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|CID]] in [[Bombay]], sent a [[telegram]] to Indian government officials urging them to intercept the text that was expected to arrive in Indian ports from England. He knew that the subject of the text was 1857 uprising, but did not know the title of the work or the number of copies being shipped. He suspected that there were two editions of the text - the original Marathi text published in Germany, and an English translation published in London.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=87}} The Viceroy of India, [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|Lord Minto]], supported the confiscation even though officials complained that they could not confiscate the book under the Sea Customs Act or the Indian Post Office Act, without more details about the text. By this time, the first edition of Savarkar's work had already been published as a 451-page book titled ''The Indian War of Independence of 1857'', with the author listed as "An Indian Nationalist".{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=86}}

The book was ultimately printed in the Netherlands in 1909, with the British government not tracing it was until too late.{{sfn|B.D. Yadav|1992|p=14}}{{sfn|Peter Hopkirk|2001|p=45}}<ref name=EdinUni>{{cite web
| publisher=University of Edinburgh
| url=http://www.csas.ed.ac.uk/mutiny/history3.html#_edn1
| title=Mutiny at the Margins
| access-date=2008-06-20
| archive-date=18 May 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518004312/http://www.csas.ed.ac.uk/mutiny/history3.html#_edn1
| url-status=dead
}}</ref> The copies were printed with false dust wrappers purporting to be copies of ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]'' and other literary works, and large quantities were shipped to India, where it quickly became a bible of political extremists.{{sfn|Peter Hopkirk|2001|p=45}} It was excluded from the [[British Library]]'s catalogue to prevent Indian students from accessing it. In India, the book remained banned until the end of British rule in 1947.{{sfn|Peter Hopkirk|2001|p=45}}

== Savarkar's views ==

{{Quote box |width=25em |align=right |salign = right
|quote=So, now, the original antagonism between Hindus and Mahomedans might be consigned to the Past. Their present relation was one not of rulers and ruled, foreigner and native, but simply that of brothers with the one difference between them of religion alone. For, they were both children of the soil of Hindusthan. Their names were different, but they were all children of the same Mother; India therefore being the common mother of these two, they were brothers by blood.
|source = V.D. Savarkar, ''The Indian War of Independence''{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=98}}
}}
The book describes the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] as a unified and national uprising of India as a nation against British authority.{{sfn|Amalendu Misra|2004|p=184}}

Savarkar states that both the British and the Indians committed cruel and brutal acts during the uprising, but characterizes such acts by Indians as justifiable acts of vengeance. On the other hand, he describes such acts by the British as oppressive and disproportionate, giving the example of massacres by General [[James George Smith Neill]]. According to Savarkar, the number of Indians killed by Neill in [[Allahabad]] alone was more than all the English people killed, but the colonial historians described him as a "bold and brave" man, whose "timely cruelty" showed his "great love of humanity". Stating that [[Krishna]] advised [[Arjuna]] to abandon the code of ethics against an enemy who was unethical, Savarkar argues that the cruel acts committed by Indians in revenge were justifiable.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|pp=100-103}}

Unlike Savarkar's later works, the book emphasizes [[Hindu-Muslim unity]], stating that they worked together for "freeing their country". In the introduction to the book, Savarkar states that the feeling of hatred against the Muslims was necessary during [[Shivaji]]'s period, but it would be "unjust and foolish" to nurse such hatred now.{{sfn|Vinayak Chaturvedi|2022|p=97}}

== Critical reception and legacy ==

Regarding the national character of the revolt, some erstwhile and modern histories draw similar conclusions as Savarkar,{{sfn|Farhat Hasan|1998|p=149}} while others, including [[R.C. Majumdar]], disagree with Savarkar's conclusions in his book on the national and unified character of the mutiny.{{sfn|Ranbir Vohra|2000|p=70}}{{sfn|Farhat Hasan|1998|p=149}}{{sfn|Krishan Nanda|1965|p=701}}

The book is considered to be an influential work in Indian history and nationalist writing,{{sfn|Nicholas B. Dirks|2001|p=127}} and also one of Savarkar's most influential works in developing and framing ideas of [[Hinduism]].{{sfn|Sikata Bannerjee|2005|p=50}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Amalendu Misra |year=2004 |title=Identity and Religion: Foundations of Anti-Islamism in India |publisher=SAGE |isbn= 0-7619-3226-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=B.D. Yadav |title=M.P.T. Acharya, Reminiscences of an Indian Revolutionary |year=1992 |publisher=Anmol |isbn= 81-7041-470-9 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Farhat Hasan |title=A Welcome Study |year=1998 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=26 |issue=1/4 |pages=148–151 |doi=10.2307/3517586 |jstor=3517586 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Krishan Nanda |title=1857 in India: Mutiny or War of Independence? by Ainslee T. Embree |journal=The Western Political Quarterly |volume=18 |issue=3 |year=1965 |pages=700–701 |publisher=University of Utah on behalf of the Western Political Science Association |doi=10.2307/445762 |jstor=445762 }}
* {{cite book |author=Nicholas B. Dirks |year=2001 |title=Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-08895-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Peter Hopkirk |author-link=Peter Hopkirk |year=2001 |title=On Secret Service East of Constantinople |publisher=Oxford Paperbacks |isbn=0-19-280230-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ranbir Vohra |year=2000 |title=The Making of India: A Historical Survey |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn= 0-7656-0712-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sikata Bannerjee |title=Make Me a Man!: Masculinity, Hinduism, and Nationalism in India |year=2005 |publisher = SUNY Press |isbn=0-7914-6367-2 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Vikram Visana |title=Savarkar before Hindutva: Sovereignty, Republicanism, and Populism in India, c.1900–1920 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |issn=1479-2443 |volume=18 |issue=4 |year=2021 |pages=1106–1129 |doi=10.1017/S1479244320000384 |s2cid=224983230 |url=https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/27768049/Visana_Savarkar_Article_Edited21.pdf }}
* {{cite book |author=Vinayak Chaturvedi |title=Hindutva and Violence: V. D. Savarkar and the Politics of History |year=2022 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9781438488776 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oiRbEAAAQBAJ }}
{{ref end}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book |author=Vinayak Damodar Savarkar |title=The Indian War of Independence of 1857 |date=1909-05-10 |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/ldpd_6260651_000 |access-date=9 November 2017}}

{{India House}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian War of Independence}}
[[Category:Marathi-language literature]]
[[Category:Literature of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:1909 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:India House]]
[[Category:Works about the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]
[[Category:Censored books]]

Ratnagiri railway station

2025-09-24T07:35:53Z

Bogdansry:

{{Short description|Railway Station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ratnagiri
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Regional rail]] and [[Light rail]] station
| image = File:Ratnagiri Station.jpg
| image_caption = Ratnagiri railway station building
| style = Indian Railways
| style2 =
| address = [[Ratnagiri]], [[Ratnagiri district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|17.003441|N|73.358159|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| line = [[Konkan Railway]]
| elevation = {{convert|125.000|m|ft}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/1248? | title=96 COVID-19 Special Departures from Ratnagiri KR/Konkan Zone - Railway Enquiry }}</ref>
| structure = Standard on-ground station
| platform = 3
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 6
| parking = yes
| bicycle = yes
| opened = yes
| closed = no
| rebuilt =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = RN
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Central Railways]]
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Konkan Railway|left=Bhoke Panvel|right=Nivasar Madgaon Junction|type=[[Konkan Railway]]}}
| route_map = {{Konkan Railway Map|inline=1}}
| mapframe = Yes
| map_state = collapsed
| map_type = India#Maharashtra
| map_dot_label = Ratnagiri
}}

'''Ratnagiri railway station (RN)''' is a [[train station]] that serves the city of [[Ratnagiri]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]].
It is one of the main railway stations of the [[Konkan Railway]]. The station has modern facilities like elevator and escalator. The station offers free [[Wi-Fi]].<ref name="wifi">{{cite news |title=Govt launches free WiFi facility at 28 Konkan railway stations |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/govt-launches-free-wifi-facility-28-konkan-railway-stations-62418 |access-date=6 February 2019 |publisher=The NEWS Minute |date=22 May 2017}}</ref> All [[Konkan Railway]] trains halt at Ratnagiri. It is 7 km away from the city. It falls under the [[Ratnagiri railway division]]. Platform 1 is used for South India bound trains, platform 2 for North India bound trains and platform 3 is used for trains starting/terminating their journey at the railway station. Platform 3 may sometimes be used by platform 2 trains, if the track switch is set to platform 3. However, it rarely happens.

== Administration ==
Ratnagiri station lies on the [[Konkan Railway]] zone of [[Indian Railways]] that runs along the west coast of India.

== Services ==
The railway station has the daily connectivity to important cities of India like – [[Mumbai]], New Delhi, Amritsar, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, [[Mangalore]], Coimbatore, Ernakulam.

[[Thiruvananthapuram Rajdhani Express]] and [[Madgaon Rajdhani Express]] connect with Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station in New Delhi along with other trains like [[Mangala Lakshadweep Express]], [[Kerala Sampark Kranti Express]] and [[Goa Sampark Kranti Express]].

Other trains include [[Tirunelveli–Gandhidham Humsafar Express]], [[Marusagar Express]], [[Kochuveli–Shri Ganganagar Junction Express]], [[Kochuveli–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Garib Rath Express]], [[Netravati Express]], [[Konkan Kanya Express]], [[Mandovi Express]], [[Matsyagandha Express]], [[Tutari Express]], [[Mumbai CSMT–Karmali Tejas Express]], [[Dadar–Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express]], [[Tirunelveli-Gandhidham Humsafar Express]], Madgaon–Mumbai CSMT Vande Bharat Express connect Madgaon to Mumbai.

All the seasonal summer special trains, [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] special trains, and Christmas special trains halt at Ratnagiri railway station.

The railway station has all the modern facilities that has to offer, escalators and lifts on each platforms, handicap-friendly environment and access. Canteen, etc.

There is also a goods yard on the west side of rail station. A passenger coach depot is also being built adjoining to the station.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

==Gallery==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Ratnagiri railway station - Station board.jpg|Ratnagiri railway station - Stationboard
File:Ratnagiri railway station platform.jpg|Ratnagiri railway station platform
File:Ratnagiri railway station - Platform board.jpg|Ratnagiri railway station – Platform board
</gallery>

== See also ==

*[[Rajdhani Express]]
*[[Tejas Express]]
*[[Duronto Express]]
*[[Humsafar Express]]
*[[AC Express (Indian Railways)]]
*[[Vande Bharat Express]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Railway stations in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Railway stations along Konkan Railway line]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Ratnagiri district]]
[[Category:Ratnagiri railway division]]
[[Category:Ratnagiri]]

{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}

Sherdil Shergill

2025-09-06T09:22:31Z

Bogdansry: Adding New Stub...

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Sherdil Shergill.jpg
| genre = [[Romantic comedy]] [[Drama]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| creator = Saurabh Tewari
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 95 
| story = Srinita Bhoumick Saurabh Tewari
| director = Praveen Punia
| producer = Saurabh Tewari
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 16-43 min
| company = Parin Multimedia
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|26}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2023|2|10}}
}}
'''''Sherdil Shergill''''' ({{translation|''Lionheart Shergill''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television romantic comedy drama series that aired on [[Colors TV]] from 26 September 2022 to 10 February 2023. It is digitally available on [[Voot]]. Produced by Saurabh Tewari under Parin Multimedia, it stars [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] and [[Surbhi Chandna]].<ref name="c">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=After Quitting Kundali Bhagya, Dheeraj Dhoopar To Romance Surbhi Chandna In New Show |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/after-quitting-kundali-bhagya-dheeraj-dhoopar-to-romance-surbhi-chandna-in-new-show-5371471.html |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/dheeraj-dhoopar-and-surbhi-chandna-could-be-seen-in-saurabh-tewari-next-show-sherdil-shergill-2146409|title=धीरज धूपर और सुरभि चंदना जल्द करेंगे रोमांस, सौरभ तिवारी के शेरदिल शेरगिल में आएंगे नजर!|date=15 June 2022|website=www.abplive.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story introduces Manneet Shergill, a 30-year-old architect who has achieved recognition in the male-dominated field of architecture despite past challenges from her family and society. As a single parent to her son, Anmol Shergill, conceived through IVF, she faces further complications when invited to her sister Gunjan's wedding. Her father stipulates that she may only attend if she leaves Anmol at home.

Unwillingly, Manmeet has assigned a trainee at her office, Rajkumar Yadav, who is playful and fun at all times. Manmeet soon realises that Raj is actually a stand-up comedian. Since knowing his secret, Manmeet requests him to become her (fake) husband just for the time of Gunjan’s marriage; to face no obstacles from society and the family. Helpless, and desperate to hide from his namesake girlfriend Nikki, Raj agrees to Manmeet’s plead.

At Shimla, Raj manages to unite Manmeet with her father, as the latter has been at odds with for years. However, during the marriage ceremony, Bhairav and Nirali Yadav, the parents of Raj, arrive creating a tension. Confused, they question the same while Manmeet apologises and tells them that it was all an act.

Nikki, who is furious at Raj, blackmails Raj with a suicide message. So this time, Raj requests Manmeet to pretend like his wife to convince Nikki. Manmeet and Raj manage to tell Nikki that they are in love. However, Nikki creates a scene and informs the Yadavs once again, causing chaos, as they call over the Shergill family to Mumbai to reveal the truth.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Surbhi Chandna]] as Manmeet "Chitti" Shergill: Puneet and Ajeet's daughter; Gunjan's sister; Rajkumar's wife; Anmol's mother
* [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] as Rajkumar "Raj" Yadav: Nirali and Bhairav's son; Pankhudi and Priyanka's brother; Manmeet's husband; Anmol's father

===Recurring===
* Sai Ballal as Bhairav Yadav: Nirali's husband; Pankhudi, Rajkumar and Priyanka's father; Murari and Manmeet's father-in-law; Anmol's grandfather
* Kiran Deep Sharma as Nirali Yadav: Bhairav's wife; Pankhudi, Rajkumar and Priyanka's mother; Murari and Manmeet's mother-in-law; Anmol's grandmother
* Preeti Singh as Pankhudi Yadav: Bhairav and Nirali's daughter; Rajkumar and Priyanka's sister; Anmol's aunt; Murari's wife
* Bhoomika Mirchandani as Priyanka "Chhoti" Yadav: Bhairav and Nirali's daughter; Punkhudi and Rajkumar's sister; Manmeet and Murari's sister-in-law; Anmol's aunt
* Sunita Rawat Pai as Bhairav and Nirali's daughter; Punkhudi, Rajkumar and Priyanka's sister; Manmeet and Murari's sister-in-law; Anmol's aunt
* Stavya/Hredhaan Mandal as Anmol Yadav: Rajkumar and Manmeet's daughter; Pankhudi, Priyanka and Gunjan's niece; Bhairav and Nirali's granddaughter; Ajeet and Puneet's granddaughter;
* [[Iqbal Azad]] as Ajeet Sherdill: Puneet's husband; Manmeet and Gunjan's father; Rajkumar's father-in-law; Anmol's grandfather
* Anindita Chatterjee as Puneet Sherdill: Ajeet's wife; Manmeet and Gunjan's mother; Rajkumar's mother-in-law; Anmol's grandmother
* Sneha Tomar as Gunjan Sherdill: Ajeet and Puneet's daughter; Manmeet's sister; Rajkumar's sister-in-law; Anmol's aunt
* Masshe Uddin Qureshi as Murari: Pankhudi's husband
* Ayesha Kapoor as Nikki: Rajkumar's former girlfriend
* Srishti Mandal as Vidya: Manmeet's helper; Anmol's nanny
* Nitin Bhatia as Radhe
* Aarya Dharmchand Kumar as Hussain: Manmeet's partner in 'Soorti constructions'
* Ahmad Harhash as Raj Kumar Anmol’s friend who Ruled to be his friend

==Production ==
=== Casting ===
In June 2022, [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] was cast for the lead role of Rajkumar Yadav.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/surbhi-chandna-and-dheeraj-dhoopar-to-play-leads-in-sherdil-shergill-1970894-2022-07-06|title=Surbhi Chandna and Dheeraj Dhoopar to play leads in Sherdil Shergill|first1=Shweta|last1= Keshri|date=July 6, 2022|website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="TOI_Jun2022">{{cite news |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Neha |date=14 June 2022 |title=Breaking! Dheeraj Dhoopar signs a new show; will romance Surbhi Chandna in Saurabh Tewari's next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/breaking-dheeraj-dhoopar-signs-a-new-show-will-romance-surbhi-chandna-in-saurabh-tewaris-next/articleshow/92200883.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> [[Surbhi Chandna]] was signed as the female lead Manmeet Shergill.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/lanes-of-love-409935|title=Surbhi Chandna, Dheeraj Dhoopar to be seen in 'Sherdil Shergill'|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/breaking-dheeraj-dhoopar-signs-a-new-show-will-romance-surbhi-chandna-in-saurabh-tewaris-next/articleshow/92200883.cms|title=Breaking! Dheeraj Dhoopar signs a new show; will romance Surbhi Chandna in Saurabh Tewari's next - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 June 2022 }}</ref>

Sneha Tomar was cast to play Manmeet's sister Gunjan in the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sneha-tomar-shares-bts-pics-from-dheeraj-dhopar-surbhi-chandnas-sherdil-shergill-see-pic/articleshow/92807066.cms|title=Sneha Tomar shares BTS pics from Dheeraj Dhopar, Surbhi Chandna's Sherdil Shergill; see pic - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=11 July 2022 }}</ref> Ayesha Kapoor was cast as Rajkumar's girlfriend Nikki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive - Ayesha Kapoor on enacting a drunken scene in Sherdil Shergill: I did a monologue in one take and everyone clapped - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-ayesha-kapoor-on-enacting-a-drunken-scene-in-sherdil-shergill-i-did-a-monologue-in-one-take-and-everyone-clapped/articleshow/95308792.cms |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=The Times of India |date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Filming===
The shooting of the series, began in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shooting begins of TV Show 'Sherdil Shergill' starring Dheeraj Dhoopar and Surbhi Chandna |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/shooting-begins-of-tv-show-sherdil-shergill-starring-dheeraj-dhoopar-and-surbhi-chandna-hot-news-1539169 |work=ABP Live |date=25 June 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref> It is mainly shot at the [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], [[Mumbai]]. Some initial sequences were shot in [[Shimla]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/dheeraj-dhoopar-shares-a-snap-from-the-sets-from-sherdil-shergill-hot-news-1539444|title=Dheeraj Dhoopar shares a snap from the sets from 'Sherdil Shergill' in Shimla|date=27 June 2022|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

===Release===
''Sherdil Shergill'''s promos were released in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/dheeraj-dhoopar-reveals-how-shraddha-arya-reacted-to-his-sherdil-shergill-promo-exclusive-1190386%3famp|title=Dheeraj Dhoopar reveals how Shraddha Arya reacted to his Sherdil Shergill's promo- EXCLUSIVE|website=Pinkvilla|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref> It premiered on 26 September 2022 on [[Colors TV]] and on [[Voot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-surbhi-chandna-on-sherdil-shergill-the-biggest-apprehension-for-me-was-playing-a-mother-on-screen-but-my-character-manmeets-story-changed-things/articleshow/94383772.cms|title=Exclusive - Surbhi Chandna on Sherdil Shergill: The biggest apprehension for me was playing a mother on-screen, but my character Manmeet's story changed things|website=Times of India|date=23 September 2022 |access-date= 23 September 2022}}</ref>

===Cancellation===
The show went off-air within four months due to low ratings. The show bid adieu to viewers on February 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=It was always a finite show, Producer Saurabh Tiwari on Sherdill Shergill wrapping up in 4 months - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/it-was-always-a-finite-show-finite-shows-are-going-to-be-the-future-producer-saurabh-tiwari-on-sherdill-shergill-wrapping-up-in-4-months/articleshow/97276051.cms |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Times of India |date=24 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sukarna Mondal of ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, "Sherdil Shergill looks promising with two big names paired for the first time. Surbhi and Dheeraj’s pairing is quite refreshing. Also, Surbhi underplays Manmeet compared to how successful her character is established."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sherdil Shergill review: Surbhi Chandna and Dheeraj Dhoopar's show dwells on the important topic of embracing motherhood without getting married|work=Times Of India|date=28 September 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sherdil-shergill-review-surbhi-chandna-and-dheeraj-dhoopars-show-dwells-on-the-important-topic-of-embracing-motherhood-without-getting-married/articleshow/94497209.cms|access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of programmes broadcast by Colors TV]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.colorstv.com/shows/sherdil-shergil/ ''Sherdil Shergill''] on [[Colors TV]]
* {{IMDb title|id=21280104}}
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/sherdil-shergill/297373 ''Sherdil Shergill''] on [[Voot]]

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]

Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam

2025-09-03T15:10:11Z

Bogdansry: enhanced lead as per guidelines and updated info

#REDIRECT [[Archeparchy of Kottayam]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Danny Denzongpa filmography

2025-08-09T23:10:59Z

Bogdansry: starting a data basic info

{{short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
The following is the filmography of '''[[Danny Denzongpa]]''', an Indian actor, singer, and film director.

==Filmography==
=== 1970s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|1971 || ''[[Mere Apne]]'' || Sanju ||<ref name="BlessYou">{{cite book |last1=Rishi |first1=Tilak |title=Bless You Bollywood! |date=2012 |publisher=Trafford |isbn=9781466939639 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&dq=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22Mere+Apne%22&pg=PA46 |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1972 || ''[[Zaroorat]]'' || Danny||<ref name="BlessYou"/>
|-
| ''[[Milap (1972 film)|Milap]]'' || Raju ||
|-
| ''[[Rakhi Aur Hathkadi]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Yeh Gulistan Hamara]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |1973 || ''Nai Duniya Naye Log'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dhund (1973 film)|Dhund]]'' || Thakur Ranjit Singh ||<ref name="BlessYou"/>
|-
| ''[[Naya Nasha]]'' || Narrator || Uncredited
|-
| ''[[Khoon Khoon]]'' || Raghav || remake of ''[[Dirty Harry]]''
|-
| ''Chalaak'' || Manoj ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |1974 || ''Ghatna'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Khote Sikkay]]'' || Danny ||
|-
| ''[[Chor Machaye Shor]]'' || Raju Ustad ||
|-
| ''Ek Ladki Badnaam Si'' || ||
|-
| ''Vada Tera Vada'' || Danny ||
|-
| ''[[36 Ghante]]'' || Dilawar Khan ||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1975 || ''[[Apne Rang Hazaar]]'' || Vicky ||
|-
| ''[[Zorro (1975 Hindi film)|Zorro]]'' || Sher 'Sheroo' Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Dharmatma]]'' || Jangoora ||
|-
| ''[[Kaala Sona]]'' || Shera ||<ref name="BlessYou"/>
|-
| ''[[Raftaar (1975 film)|Raftaar]]'' || Pramod Kumar ||
|-
| ''[[Ponga Pandit]]'' || Rocky ||
|-
| ''Mounto'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aakhri Dao]]'' || Robert ||
|-
| ''[[Rani Aur Lalpari]]'' || Himself || Special appearance
|-
| rowspan="5" |1976 || ''[[Kalicharan]]'' || Shaaka ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lokapally |first1=Vijay |title=Kalicharan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kalicharan-1976/article4928263.ece |access-date=28 January 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=18 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Fakira (film)|Fakira]]'' || Munna / Ajay / Toofan ||<ref>{{cite book |title=Film World |date=1977 |publisher=T. M Ramachandran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3dTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22Fakira%22 |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Laila Majnu (1976 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' || Prince Bahksh ||
|-
| ''Sangram'' || Salim / Altaf ||<ref name="IEEnterPerf"/>
|-
| ''Gumrah'' || Ramesh ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |1977 || ''[[Abhi To Jee Lein]]'' || Danny ||
|-
| ''[[Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka]]'' || Vikram (Jamunadas' son) ||
|-
| ''[[Paapi]]'' || Abdul ||
|-
| ''[[Chandi Sona]]'' || Bikram ||
|-
| ''[[Khel Khilari Ka]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1978 || ''[[Naya Daur (1978 film)|Naya Daur]]'' || Mark ||
|-
| ''[[Devata (1978 film)|Devata]]'' || Inspector Lawrence ||
|-
| ''Lal Kuthi'' || Dev || Bengali film
|-
| rowspan="5" |1979|| ''Pehredaar'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Griha Pravesh (1979 film)|Griha Pravesh]]'' || Danny ||
|-
| ''[[Lahu Ke Do Rang (1979 film)|Lahu Ke Do Rang]]'' || Suraj ||
|-
| ''[[Heera-Moti]]'' || Ajay / Moti ||
|-
| ''[[Aaj Ki Dhara]]'' || Danny ||
|-
|}

=== 1980s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="7" |1980 || ''[[Kali Ghata (1980 film)|Kali Ghata]]'' || Kishore ||
|-
| ''[[Chunaoti]]'' || Thakur Ajay Singh ||
|-
| ''[[The Burning Train]]'' || Randhir ||
|-
| ''Choron Ki Baraat'' || Heera ||
|-
| ''[[Phir Wahi Raat]]'' || Ashok || Also director
|-
| ''[[Abdullah (1980 film)|Abdullah]]'' || Khaleel ||
|-
| ''[[Bandish (1980 Indian film)|Bandish]]'' || Kapil Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1981 || ''[[Bulundi]]'' || Lobo ||
|-
| ''[[Love Story (1981 film)|Love Story]]'' || Ram Dogra ||
|-
| ''[[Hum Se Badkar Kaun]]'' || Raju / Johny ||<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Diptakirti |title=Bollygeek |date=2021 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=9789389253467 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXojEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22Hum+se+badkar+kaun%22&pg=PT27 |access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |1982 || ''[[Kachche Heere]]'' || Arjun ||
|-
| ''[[Dial 100 (1982 film)|Dial 100]]'' || Sangeet Samrat Shambhu Sen ||
|-
| ''Lakshmi'' || Jagdishchandra Mathur ||
|-
| ''Raj Mahal'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jeeo Aur Jeene Do]]'' || Inspector Jwala Singh||
|-
| ''Do Ustad'' || Daku Badal Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1983 || ''Siskiyan'' || ||
|-
| ''Kanku Ni Kimat'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ganga Meri Maa]]'' || Malan ||
|-
| ''[[Andha Kanoon]]'' || Akhbar Ali ||
|-
| ''[[Lovers (1983 film)|Lovers]]'' || David ||
|-
| ''[[Mujhe Insaaf Chahiye]]'' || Dayashankar Ray ||
|-
| ''Mujhe Vachan Do'' || Jabbar Khan ||
|-
| ''Hum Se Hai Zamana'' || Karan Kalicharan ||
|-
| ''[[Naukar Biwi Ka]]'' || Himself ||
|-
| rowspan="11" |1984 || ''[[Boxer (1984 film)|Boxer]]'' || Dharma ||
|-
| ''[[Farishta (1984 film)|Farishta]]'' || Ustad ||
|-
| ''[[Dharm Aur Qanoon]]'' || Superintendent of Police Kader ||
|-
| ''[[Andar Baahar]]'' || Shera ||
|-
| ''[[Jagir (1984 film)|Jagir]]'' || Danny ||
|-
| ''[[Manzil Manzil]]'' || Gautam (Pahadi Baba) ||
|-
| ''[[Karishmaa]]'' || Raja Saab ||
|-
| ''[[Meraa Dost Meraa Dushman]]'' || Shaitan Singh ||
|-
| ''Kanoon Kya Karega'' || Raghuvir Singh ||
|-
| ''Dilawar'' || ||
|-
| ''Farishta'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="11" |1985 || ''Paththar'' || Major Balwant Rai ||
|-
| ''[[Pyar Jhukta Nahin]]'' || Bhanu Pratap ||
|-
| ''[[Aitbaar]]'' || Inspector Barua ||
|-
| ''[[Aandhi Toofan]]'' || Balbir ||
|-
| ''Jawaab'' || Seth. Jagmohan ||
|-
| ''[[Yudh (film)|Yudh]]'' || Gama Maating / Mr. Chinoy ||
|-
| ''Maha Shaktiman'' || Maharudra || aka ''Maharudra''
|-
| ''[[Oonche Log (1985 film)|Oonche Log]]'' || Thakur Maan Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Zulm Ka Badla]]'' || Shambhu / Bunty ||
|-
| ''Patthar Dil'' || Jung Bahadur ||
|-
| ''Ram Tere Kitne Nam'' || Himself || Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="4" |1986 || ''[[Bhagwaan Dada]]'' || Shambu Dada ||
|-
| ''Chambal Ka Badshah'' || Sultan ||
|-
| ''[[Adhikar (1986 film)|Adhikar]]'' || Vishal's lawyer || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Allah Rakha (film)|Allah Rakha]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |1987 || ''[[Itihaas (1987 film)|Itihaas]]'' || Alexander ||
|-
| ''[[Aag Hi Aag]]'' || Daulat Singh / Choudhury ||
|-
| ''[[Diljalaa]]'' || Ratanmuni Gupta ||
|-
| ''Kaun Kitney Pani Mein'' || ||
|-
| ''Faqir Badshah'' || Vijay and Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Deewana Tere Naam Ka]]'' || Shambhu ||
|-
| rowspan="15" |1988 || ''Anjaam Khuda Jaane'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mardon Wali Baat]]'' || Raja Sunder Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Paap Ki Duniya]]'' || Pasha ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Hi Maqsad]]'' || Inspector. Deepak ||
|-
| ''Shoorveer'' || Shankar ||
|-
| ''[[Commando (1988 film)|Commando]]'' || Ninja ||
|-
| ''Soorma Bhopali'' || ||
|-
| ''Janam Janam'' || Mukhiya ||
|-
| ''[[Yateem]]'' || Girivar Prasad Mathur ||
|-
| ''[[Zalzala (1988 film)|Zalzala]]'' || Sona Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Mera Shikar]]'' || Changez ||
|-
| ''[[Jeete Hain Shaan Se]]'' || J.P. ||
|-
| ''[[Gunahon Ka Faisla]]'' || Dacoit ||
|-
|Lahure
|Narrator
|Nepali film
|-
| ''[[Saino]]'' || Mitjoo || Nepali film
|-
| rowspan="10" |1989 || ''Ustaad''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ustaad (1989) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/-6738/cast-crew |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>|| Shamsher Singh / DK ||
|-
| ''Sau Saal Baad'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Saaya (1989 film)|Saaya]]'' || Rakesh ||
|-
| ''[[Kasam Suhaag Ki]]'' || Lohari - Sultan's goon ||
|-
| ''Do Yaar'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jung Baaz]]'' || Mahakal ||
|-
| ''[[Khoj (1989 film)|Khoj]]'' || Father Anthony ||
|-
| ''[[Shehzaade]]'' || Thakur Roshan Singh || Uncredited
|-
| ''Paanch Paapi'' || Inder||
|-
| ''[[Galiyon Ka Badshah]]'' || Inspector Vijay ||
|-
|}

=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="8" |1990 || ''[[Pyar Ke Naam Qurbaan]]'' || Prince Yeshwant Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'' || Kancha Cheena ||<ref name="HTimesRoles">{{cite news |last1=Kukreja |first1=Monika Rawal |title=Danny Denzongpa: '70s and '80s were the worst time for the Hindi film industry |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/danny-denzongpa-70s-and-80s-were-the-worst-time-for-the-hindi-film-industry/story-Tfle95Mm1jQoZq5vpnkTaK.html |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=14 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Shandaar]]'' || Dhaga ||
|-
| ''Gunahon Ka Devta'' || Raghuvir ||
|-
| ''Sheshnaag'' || Aghori ||<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Meheli |title=Haunting Bollywood |date=2017 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=9781477311585 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZA7BDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22Milap%22&pg=PA197 |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''Jagira'' || ||
|-
| ''Chingariyan'' || ||
|-
| ''Shesh Naag'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1991 || ''Woh Subah Kabhie To Aayegi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sanam Bewafa]]'' || Sher Khan || <ref name="BlessYou"/>
|-
| ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' || Bakhtawar ||<ref name="IEEnterPerf">{{cite news |last1=Ayaz |first1=Shaikh |title=Danny Denzongpa's most entertaining performances |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/danny-denzongpa-birthday-most-entertaining-performances-5598736/ |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vishnu-Devaa]]'' || Thakur Shamsher Singh / Samppat ||
|-
| ''[[Yodha (1991 film)|Yodha]]'' || Daaga / Justice Dharmesh Agnihotri ||
|-
| ''[[Lakshmanrekha]]'' || Birju ||
|-
| ''[[First Love Letter]]'' || Thakur Ajit Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1992 || ''Bahadur'' || Bahadur || Bengali film
|-
| ''[[Khule-Aam]]'' || Insp. Uday Singh / Insp. Ranvir Singh Rathod ||
|-
| ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'' || Khuda Baksh ||<ref name="BlessYou"/>
|-
| ''[[Bandhu (1992 film)|Bandhu]]'' || Bandhu ||
|-
| ''[[Balwaan]]'' || Bhaiji ||
|-
| ''[[Antham]]'' || J.P.Sethi ||
|-
| ''Kisme Kitna Hai Dum'' || Vijay Singh||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1993 || ''[[Sangram (1993 film)|Sangram]]'' || Madhu's father ||
|-
| ''[[Dhartiputra]]'' || Kripal Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Gurudev (film)|Gurudev]]'' || Khakan ||
|-
| ''[[Tahqiqaat]]'' || Bhanu Pratap ||
|-
| ''[[Prateeksha]]'' || Dinesh Khanna ||
|-
| ''Jai Devaa'' || ||
|-
| ''Bulund'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |1994 || ''[[Ajnabi]]'' || Captain ||''[[Doordarshan]]'' TV series; Episode: "Introductory"
|-
| ''[[Chauraha]]'' || Baba Bhatti ||
|-
| ''Mohabbat Ki Arzoo'' || Jagpal Singh alias Jaggu dada ||
|-
| ''[[1942: A Love Story]]'' || Major Bisht ||
|-
| ''[[Krantiveer]]'' || Chatursingh ||
|-
| ''[[Vijaypath]]'' || Dilawar Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1995 || ''Faisla Main Karungi'' || Inspector Nadeem ||
|-
| ''[[Sarhad: The Border of Crime]]'' || Gundecha ||
|-
| ''[[Barsaat (1995 film)|Barsaat]]'' || ACP Neghi ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |1996 || ''Muthi Bhar Zameen'' || Thakur Raghuvir Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Rajkumar (1996 film)|Rajkumar]]'' || Ali ||
|-
| ''[[Army (1996 film)|Army]]'' || Naagraj ||
|-
| ''[[Shastra (film)|Shastra]]'' || Babu ||
|-
| ''[[Ghatak: Lethal|Ghatak]]'' || Katya ||<ref name="HTimesRoles"/>
|-
| ''[[Ram Aur Shyam]]'' || Tatar ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1997 || ''[[Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film)|Seven Years in Tibet]]'' || Regent ||
|-
| ''[[Udaan (1997 film)|Udaan]]'' || Mr. Rana ||
|-
| ''[[Himalay Putra]]'' || Narsingh Rana ||
|-
| ''[[Dhaal]]'' || Advocate Diwan ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1998 || ''[[Vinashak – Destroyer]]'' || Jailer Lankeshwar ||
|-
| ''[[Zulm O Situm]]'' || Sikander ||
|-
| ''[[China Gate (1998 film)|China Gate]]'' || Maj. Ranjir Singh Gurung ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999 || ''[[Silsila Hai Pyar Ka]]'' || Jabbar Khargoshi ||
|-
| ''[[Kohram]]'' || Minister Virbhadra Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Dahek|Dahek: A Burning Passion]]'' || Jabbar Bahkshi ||
|-
|}

=== 2000s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000 || ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]'' || Abhrush ||<ref>{{cite book |title=KBC Quiz Book 2023 (English Edition) - Kaun Banega Crorepati - 55 Practice Tests (1600+ Solved MCQs) |date=2023 |publisher=EduGorilla Community Pvt Limited |isbn=9789355569820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtnbEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22Abhrush%22&pg=PA7 |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''Tune Mera Dil Le Liya'' || Raja Sahab ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |2001 || ''Jagira'' || ||<ref name="BollySwar">{{cite book |last1=Arunachalam |first1=Param |title=BollySwar: 2001 - 2010 |publisher=Mavris Infotech Private Limited |isbn=9788193848203 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UNvyDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22Jagira%22&pg=PT140 |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Officer (2001 film)|Officer]]'' || Dushyant Singh (after plastic surgery) ||
|-
| Pratap Rai (fake identity)
|
|-
| ''[[Lajja (2001 film)|Lajja]]'' || Gajendra ||
|-
| ''[[Aśoka (film)|Aśoka]]'' || Virat ||
|-
| ''[[Indian (2001 film)|Indian]]'' || Shankar Singhania ||
|-
| ''[[Moksha (2001 film)|Moksha]]'' || Bachelor Simon ||<ref name="BollySwar"/>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2002 || ''[[Yeh Mohabbat Hai]]'' || Aman Khan ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Flashback video: Shooting of Danny Denzongpa and Mohnish Behl starrer 2002 movie 'Yeh Mohabbat Hai' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/flashback-video-shooting-of-danny-denzongpa-and-mohnish-behl-starrer-2002-movie-yeh-mohabbat-hai/videoshow/84345533.cms |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=Time of India |date=12 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[16 December (film)|16 December]]'' || Major General Vir Vijay Singh ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=K Jha |first1=Subhash |title=Mani Shankar, director of '16 December' believes good |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mani-shankar-director-of-16-december-believes-good-films-dont-need-a-list-stars/articleshow/98898198.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=22 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ab Ke Baras]]'' || CBI Officer Sikander Baksh ||
|-
| ''[[Soch]]'' || Nautiyal ||
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004 || ''[[Shikaar (2004 film)|Shikaar]]'' || Darshan Damania ||
|-
| ''[[Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo]]'' || Colonel Ashfaque Khan ||
|-
|2005 || ''Dil Jo Bhi Kahey...'' || Narrator ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007 || ''[[Hattrick (film)|Hattrick]]'' || David Anna ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Anindita |title=Why Paresh Rawal, Rimi Sen's Hattrick was far-off from anything but success. On Wahiyat Wednesday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/why-paresh-rawal-rimi-sen-s-hattrick-was-far-off-from-anything-but-success-on-wahiyat-wednesday-1926081-2022-03-16 |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=India Today |date=16 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Big Brother (2007 film)|Big Brother]]'' || Police Commissioner Kulkarni
|
|-
| ''[[Frozen (2007 film)|Frozen]]'' || Karma ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008 || ''[[Chamku]]'' || Baba ||
|-
| ''[[Karzzzz]]'' || Kabira ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Nisha |title=Wahiyat Wednesday: How Himesh Reshammiya destroyed Karz with his Karzzzz |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/wahiyat-wednesday-how-himesh-reshammiya-destroyed-karz-with-his-karzzzz-1627277-2019-12-11 |access-date=28 January 2024 |publisher=India Today |date=11 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009 || ''[[Luck (2009 film)|Luck]]'' || Lakhan Tamang ||
|-
| ''[[Acid Factory]]'' || J.D. / Om / Sultan / Sarthak Sanghv / Inspector Balwant ||<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=IRRFAN |date=2023 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=9789395624527 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lga_EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Danny+Denzongpa%22+%2B+%22acid+factory%22&pg=PT237 |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== 2010s and 2020s ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2010 || ''[[Enthiran]]'' || Professor Bohra || Tamil film
|-
|2013 || ''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]'' || Big Boss ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Danny Denzongpa to play Akshay Kumar's BIG BOSS! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/danny-denzongpa-to-play-akshay-kumars-big-boss/articleshow/23091902.cms?from=mdr |access-date=27 January 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=26 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014 || ''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' || Home Minister Dashrath Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' || Omar Zafar 'Diamond smuggler'||
|-
|2015 || ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' || Feroz Ali Khan ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gera |first1=Sonal |title=Akshay Kumar's "BABY": Everybody's waiting! |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumars-baby-everybodys-waiting/ |access-date=24 January 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2017 || ''[[Naam Shabana]]'' || Feroz Ali Khan || Cameo appearance
|-
|2018 || ''[[Bioscopewala]]'' || Rehmat Khan ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaushal |first1=Sweta |title=Bioscopewala movie review: A sparkling Danny Denzongpa and the power of cinema |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/bioscopewala-movie-review-a-sparkling-danny-denzongpa-and-the-power-of-cinema/story-vGH0d1X318El66hWQROorO.html |access-date=24 January 2024 |publisher=The Hindustan Times |date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=28 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528212651/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/bioscopewala-movie-review-a-sparkling-danny-denzongpa-and-the-power-of-cinema/story-vGH0d1X318El66hWQROorO.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|2019 || ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]'' || Ghulam Ghaus Khan ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Kangana Ranaut's 'Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi': Interesting facts about the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/kangana-ranauts-manikarnika-the-queen-of-jhansi-interesting-facts-about-the-film/manikarnika-the-queen-of-jhansi-cinematographer-kiran-deohans-opens-up-on-how-they-reimagined-the-film-under-kangana-ranauts-guidance/photostory/67652424.cms |access-date=24 January 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=15 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2022
| ''[[Uunchai]]''
| Bhupen
| Cameo<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-plays-role-tourist-guide-nepal-sooraj-barjatyas-uunchai-film-shot-worlds-dangerous-airport/|title=Parineeti Chopra plays the role of a tourist guide in Nepal in Sooraj Barjatya's Uunchai; film shot at world's most DANGEROUS airport|date=9 October 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref>
|}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0219939/ IMDb]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Danny-Denzongpa/movies Danny Denzongpa filmography on the Indian Times]

[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]

Sachin Garg

2025-07-25T02:07:29Z

Bogdansry: Adding New Details...

{{short description|Indian novelist (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sachin Garg
| image = We_Need_A_Revolution_video.jpg
| caption = Garg in 2016
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|06|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[Delhi College of Engineering]], [[Management Development Institute]]
| occupation = Author, publisher, entrepreneur, speaker
| years_active = 2008–present
| employer = Grapevine India Pvt. Ltd. (founder
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| networth =
| credits =
| agent =
| website = {{url|www.grapevineindia.com}}
}}

'''Sachin Garg'''<ref>Sachin Garg – Author & Co-founder http://businesssaga.com/sachin-garg/, Retrieved 31 March 2016</ref><ref>indianfusion.aglasem. http://indianfusion.aglasem.com/sachin-garg-author-co-founder-grapevine-india-publishers/, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>ndtv. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/the-new-breed-of-popular-fiction-authors-in-india-382372, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref> is an Indian bestselling novelist, a first generation entrepreneur, publisher and speaker, best known for his semi-autobiographical chronicles. He has authored bestsellers like Never Let Me Go, It's First Love, Just Like The Last One, I'm Not Twenty Four, I Have Been Nineteen For Five Years, Come on, inner peace, I don't have all day. His last book topped the [[Hindustan Times]] [[AC Neilsen]] charts within a week of its release in June 2013<ref>livemint.com. http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/P3898xrcqwSO7LU906rFMM/Reading--The-School-of-Singh.html/, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/sachingarg123/come-on-inner-peace-sachin-garg, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>northindiatimes. http://www.northindiatimes.com/2012/02/28/my-friends-suggested-that-i-could-write-about-my-own-lifegul/
, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref>

== His work ==
His most recent work We Need A Revolution, released in February 2016, is stated to be a marked change from his previous college fiction romance genre of writing.<ref>news.statetimes.in. http://news.statetimes.in/sachin-gargs-book-need-revolution-released/, Retrieved 16 January 2016</ref> At the New Delhi launch of the book, the author stated that, "This book is not only about the [[Jarawa people (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]] tribe in The [[Andaman Islands]], it also asks the question that whether a bunch of boys and girls, today's youth, can fight for a cause they believe in, and how far are they willing to go for it." As a part of his social entrepreneurship travel project, he has collaborated with NGOs like the [[Survival International]] to push the cause of the marginalized in India and to weave narratives around these issues in an engaging writing style which will reach out to his huge youth following across the country.

Described as an 'author worth checking out' [[MTV]], 'a must read author' [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]], 'a writer who will be enjoyed by all' [[Times of India]], he continues to write stories which redefine genres in the Indian publishing industry.<ref>ibnlive. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gul-panag-unveils-sachin-garg-novel-says-its-for-all/235217-40-100.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727095412/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gul-panag-unveils-sachin-garg-novel-says-its-for-all/235217-40-100.html |date=27 July 2014 }}, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>idiva. http://idiva.com/interviews-iwork-life/how-to-get-published-sachin-garg/11954, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>livemint. http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/P3898xrcqwSO7LU906rFMM/Reading--The-School-of-Singh.html, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/sachingarg123/come-on-inner-peace-sachin-garg, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref><ref>northindiatimes. http://www.northindiatimes.com/2012/02/28/my-friends-suggested-that-i-could-write-about-my-own-lifegul/, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sachin Garg was born and brought up in New Delhi. He completed his schooling at the N. K. Bagrodia Public School, Rohini and went on to pursue electronics and communication engineering from the [[Delhi College of Engineering]] (now Delhi Technological University). He did his post graduation from [[Management Development Institute]] and also from [[IAE Paris]]. He started writing while he was still in college. In 2011, he quit his job at [[JSW Steel Ltd]] and co-founded Grapevine India Publishers Pvt. Ltd. with [[Durjoy Datta]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bookworm/bookworm-s-trail/gul-panag-unveils-sachin-garg-novel-says-it-s-for-all_2217.htm|title=Gul Panag unveils Sachin Garg novel, says it's for all|date=29 February 2012|work=Zee News|access-date=2018-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>gulfnews. http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/celebrity/gul-panag-unveils-sachin-garg-s-latest-book-1.988094, Retrieved 19 July 2014</ref>

*We need a Revolution, {{ISBN|9789381841860}} when opposites meet-2017
*Come On, Inner Peace: I Don't Have All Day!, {{ISBN|9789381841303}}
*Never Let Me Go..., {{ISBN|9789381841006}}
*I'm Not Twenty Four... I've Been Nineteen for Five Years..., {{ISBN|9788192222622}}
*It's First Love!: ...Just Like The Last One!, {{ISBN|9788192222660}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garg, Sachin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Delhi Technological University alumni]]

R. Manickam

2025-05-03T14:12:19Z

Bogdansry:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. Manickam
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term1 = May 2006 - April 2011
| predecessor1 = [[A. Pappa Sundaram]]
| successor1 = A. Pappa Sundaram
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulithalai]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = N. R. Chandrasekar
| successor = E. Ramar
}}

'''R. Manickam''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulithalai]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 2006 and 2021.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211228064930/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC137.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC137.pdf|access-date= 1 May 2022 |archive-date=28 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kulithalai Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a137|access-date= 1 May 2022}}</ref>

== Elections contested ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election
! Constituency
! Party
! Result
! Vote %
! Runner-up
! Runner-up Party
! Runner-up vote %
! Ref.
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulithalai]]|| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] || Won ||51.37% || N. R. Chandrasekar|| [[ADMK]] || 39.38%|| <ref name=":0" />
|- style="background:#ffc;"
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulithalai]]|| [[AIADMK]] || Lost ||40.70% || [[A. Pappa Sundaram]]|| [[AIADMK]] || 54.78%|| <ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulithalai]]|| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] || Won ||52.78% || [[A. Pappa Sundaram]]|| [[AIADMK]] || 39.46%|| <ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manickam, R}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Chevella mandal

2025-04-18T04:50:54Z

Bogdansry: starting new article w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chevella Mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = చేవెళ్ళ మండలం

| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.3067|N|78.1353|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rangareddy district|Rangareddy]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]
| subdivision_type4 = Headquarter
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chevella]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="geo">{{cite web|title=redirect to /world/IN/02/Chevella.html|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Chevella.html|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 623
| population_total = 63983 (Total mandal)
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages Telugu Urdu
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 501 203, 501501, 501503, 501504, 509217
| registration_plate = TS 07
| leader_title1 = [[Parliament of India|MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]
| leader_title2 = [[Parliament of India|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = [[Kale Yadaiah]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Chevella
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Chevella
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chevella mandal''' is one of the 27 mandals in [[Rangareddy district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is under the administration of Chevella revenue division and the headquarters are located at [[Chevella]] town.the near by villages are urella, aloor etc. The mandal is bounded by Shabad, Moinabad, Shankarpally and Pudur mandals.

==Villages==
*Chevella Municipality
**Chevella
**[[Pamena]]
**Kandawada
**Palgutta
**Mallareddy Guda
**Damargidda
**Devuni Erravally
**[[Malkapur, Ranga Reddy|Malkapur]]
**[[Kesaram]]
**Orella
**Ramannaguda
**Ibrahipalle
*Grama panchayats
**1 [[Allawada]]
**2 Aloor
**3 Antawaram
**4 [[Bastepur]]
**5 [[Chanvelly]]
**6 Devarampalli
**7 [[Gollapally, Ranga Reddy district|Gollapally]]
**8 Gundala
**9 Hasthepur
**10 [[Kammeta]]
**11 [[Khanapur]]
**12 [[Kowkuntla]]
**13 [[Kummera]]
**14 [[Mirjaguda]]
**15 Mudimyal
**16 Naincheru
**17 [[Nyalata]]
**18 Ravulapally (Khurd)
**19 Regadi ghanapur
**20 [[Tallaram]]
**21 Tangedapally
**22 [[Yenkepalle]]

==MPTC==
*1 Aloor-I MPTC
**Aloor part
*2 Aloor-II MPTC
**Aloor part
*3 Antharam MPTC
**Antharam
**Kowkuntla
**Hastepur
*4 Chanvelly MPTC
**Bastepur
**Chanvelly
** Mirjaguda
*5 Gundala MPTC
**Gundal
**Allawada
*6 Khanapur MPTC
**Khanapur
**Nancheru
**Regadi ghanapur
**Devarampally
*7 Mudimyal MPTC
**Mudimyal
**Ravulapally
**Kummera
**Gollapally
*8 Nyalata MPTC
**Nyalata
**Singappaguda
**Tallaram
*9 Thangadpally MPTC
**Thangadpally
*10 Yenkepally MPTC
**Yenkepally
**Eerlapally
**Kammeta
**Gollaguda

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Ranga Reddy district|state=expanded}}
[[Category:Mandals in Ranga Reddy district]]

Suraj Prasad

2025-03-16T17:15:41Z

Bogdansry: brief expanded content after review and fixed typos based on references

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Suraj Prasad
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|1|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Shivpur East village, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| residence =
| death_date = December 2009 (aged 84)
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Bihar]]
| term =1968–1974
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 =
| constituency =
| term1 = 1982–1988
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| religion =
| otherparty =
| spouse = Rajbanshi Devi
| children = 3 sons and 4 Daughters
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source =
}}

'''Suraj Prasad''' (2 January 1925 – December 2009) was an Indian politician. He was a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Bihar]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]]) as a member of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/s.pdf| title=RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952 - 2003 | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="Srivastava1980">{{cite book|author=Meera Srivastava|title=Constitutional Crisis in the States in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DAroH5ZqPgsC&pg=PA10|accessdate=30 December 2017|year=1980|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|pages=10–|id=GGKEY:0BS5QYU7XF2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4HiAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=30 December 2017|year=1969|page=297}}</ref> He died in December 2009 at the age of 84.<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/bihar/buxar-suraj-prasad-remember-18792860.html पुण्यतिथि पर याद किए गए सूरज प्रसाद]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Khowarpara Assembly constituency

2025-01-24T15:32:34Z

Bogdansry: creating

{{one source|date=January 2025}}
{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Khowarpara
| type= SLA
| state = Jammu and Kashmir
| established = 1962
| abolished = 1967
| electors = 24,576
| mla = Noor-Ud-Din Dar
| party = {{Party index link|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

'''Khowarpara Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-

|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] ||Noor-Ud-Din Dar || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Khowarpara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Noor-Ud-Din Dar|party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=24,576 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,576 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}

LGBT rights in Kerala

2024-12-28T20:31:09Z

Bogdansry: Adding first details initial version.

#REDIRECT [[LGBTQ rights in Kerala]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Hardware Park, Hyderabad

2024-10-10T15:02:00Z

Bogdansry: enhance article for clarity and fixed typos

{{Short description|Special Economic Zone in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
'''Hardware Park''' is a [[Special Economic Zone]] located at [[Shamshabad]] in [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]. The Industries in Hardware Park include [[Tata Teleservices]], Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), HCL TalentCare Pvt Ltd, Zen Technologies, Sigma Microsystems Pvt Ltd etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-06/india/29516053_1_sez-electronics-hardware-park |title=Ex-CVC Vittal to set up SEZ in Andhra - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909173151/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-06/india/29516053_1_sez-electronics-hardware-park |archive-date=9 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is promoted by TSIIC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/15/stories/2009101560971800.htm |title=The Hindu : Business : Analogics introduces hand-held devices |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019045408/http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/15/stories/2009101560971800.htm |archive-date=19 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It has an area of {{convert|1700|acre|order=flip}}.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Special Economic Zones of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Telangana]]
[[Category:Economy of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Business parks of India]]

South African cricket team in India in 2004–05

2024-08-15T23:16:47Z

Bogdansry: New...

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use South African English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = South Africa cricket team in India in 2004/05
| team2_image = Flag of South Africa.svg
| team2_name = South Africa
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| from_date = 14 November
| to_date = 2 December 2004
| team2_captain = [[Graeme Smith]]
| team1_captain = [[Sourav Ganguly]]
| no_of_tests = 2
| team2_tests_won = 0
| team1_tests_won = 1
| team2_tests_most_runs = {{nowrap|[[Jacques Kallis]] (241)}}
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Virender Sehwag]] (262)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Makhaya Ntini]] (8)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Harbhajan Singh]] (13)
| player_of_test_series = [[Virender Sehwag]] (Ind)
}}
The '''[[South Africa national cricket team]]''' visited India in 2004 for a 2-match test series.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/61858.html?template=fixtures Tournament Fixtures]</ref> India won the test series with 1–0.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/61858.html Result Summary]</ref> Indian cricketer [[Virender Sehwag]] scored 262 run in two test and becomes player of the series. [[Harbhajan Singh]] took highest number of wicket 13.

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:45%;margin:auto"
|-
!style="background:#ffd8c1; border:1px solid #000;" colspan="2"|Tests
|-
! style="width:15%;"|{{cr|IND}}<ref>[http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004-05/RSA_IN_IND/RSA_IN_IND_NOV-DEC2004_IND-SQUAD.html Indian Test Squad]</ref>
! style="width:15%;"|{{cr|RSA}}<ref>[http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004-05/RSA_IN_IND/RSA_IN_IND_NOV-DEC2004_RSA-SQUAD.html South African Test Squad]</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Sourav Ganguly]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Gautam Gambhir]]
* [[Virender Sehwag]]
* [[Rahul Dravid]]
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
* [[VVS Laxman]]
* [[Mohammad Kaif]]
* [[Dinesh Karthik]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Anil Kumble]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[Murali Kartik]]
* [[Zaheer Khan]]
* [[Irfan Pathan]]
* [[Ashish Nehra]]
|
* [[Graeme Smith]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Hashim Amla]]
* [[Zander de Bruyn]]
* [[Boeta Dippenaar]]
* [[Andrew Hall]]
* [[Jacques Kallis]]
* [[Makhaya Ntini]]
* [[Justin Ontong]]
* [[Robin Peterson]]
* [[Shaun Pollock]]
* [[Jacques Rudolph]]
* [[Thami Tsolekile]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Alfonso Thomas]]
* [[Martin van Jaarsveld]]
|}

==Tests==

===1st Test===
{{Test match |
date = 20–24 November|
team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}|
team2 = {{cr|IND}}|

score-team1-inns1 = 510/9 dec (190.4 overs)|
runs-team1-inns1 = [[Andrew Hall]] 163 (454)|
wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 6/131 (54 overs)|

score-team2-inns1 = 466 (134.4 overs)|
runs-team2-inns1 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 164 (228)|
wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Makhaya Ntini]] 3/135 (39 overs)|

score-team1-inns2 = 169/4 (64 overs)|
runs-team1-inns2 = [[Andrew Hall]] 47 (100)|
wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Murali Kartik]] 2/17 (14 overs)|

score-team2-inns2 = |
runs-team2-inns2 = |
wickets-team2-inns2 = |

result = Match Drawn|
venue = [[Green Park, Kanpur]]|
umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus), [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus) & [[Arani Jayaprakash]](Ind)|
motm = [[Andrew Hall]] (SA)|
report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64109.html (scorecard)]|
toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat|
notes = Test Debuts: [[Zander de Bruyn]] & [[Thami Tsolekile]] (SA)|
}}

===2nd Test===
{{Test match |
date = 28 November – 2 December|
team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}|
team2 = {{cr|IND}}|

score-team1-inns1 = 305 (121.3 overs)|
runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 121 (259)|
wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Irfan Pathan]] 3/72 (31 overs)|

score-team2-inns1 = 411 (150.1 overs)|
runs-team2-inns1 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 88 (118)|
wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Makhaya Ntini]] 4/112 (44 overs)|

score-team1-inns2 = 222 (74.4 overs)|
runs-team1-inns2 = [[Graeme Smith]] 71 (124)|
wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 7/87 (30 overs)|

score-team2-inns2 = 120/2 (39.4 overs)|
runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 47 (104)|
wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Makhaya Ntini]] 1/11 (4 overs)|

result = {{cr|IND}} won by 8 wickets|
venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]|
umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus), [[Simon Taufel]] (Aus) & [[Ivaturi Shivram]] (Ind)|
motm = [[Harbhajan Singh]] (Ind)|
report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64110.html (scorecard)]|
toss = South Africa won the toss and elected to bat|
notes = Test Debuts: [[Hashim Amla]] (SA)|
}}

==Statistics==

===Batting===
Most runs<ref name="espncricinfoci">{{cite web |url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=514;type=series|title=Most runs|publisher= ESPNcricinfo | accessdate= 30 November 2013 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!No
! Team
!Player!! Matches !! Innings !! Runs !! HS !! Avg
!SR!! Balls Faced
|- style="background:gold" align="center"
|1
|{{flagicon|IND}} || [[Virender Sehwag]] || 2 || 3 || '''262''' || 164 || 87.33
|71.98|| 364
|- align="center"
|2
|{{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Jacques Kallis]] || 2 || 4 || '''241''' || 121 || 80.33
|41.76|| 577
|- align="center"
|3
|{{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Andrew Hall]] || 2 || 4 || '''217''' || 163 || 54.25
|37.22|| 583
|- align="center"
|4
|{{flagicon|IND}} || [[Rahul Dravid]] || 2 || 3 || '''181''' || 80 || 90.50
|34.15|| 530
|- align="center"
|5
|{{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Graeme Smith]] || 2 || 4 || '''155''' || 71 || 38.75
|53.08|| 292
|}

===Bowling===
Most wickets<ref>{{cite web |url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=514;type=series|title=Most wickets|publisher= ESPNcricinfo | accessdate= 30 November 2013 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!No
! Team
!Player!! Matches !! Wickets !! Runs !! BBI !! BBM !! Econ
|- style="background:gold" align="center"
|1
|{{flagicon|IND}} || [[Harbhajan Singh]] || 2 || '''13''' || 307 || {{sort|7913|7/87}} || {{sort|9859|9/141}} || 2.73
|- align="center"
|2
|{{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anil Kumble]] || 2 || '''10''' || 341 || {{sort|6869|6/131}} || {{sort|6817|6/183}} || 2.44
|- align="center"
|3
|{{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Makhaya Ntini]] || 2 || '''8''' || 258 || {{sort|4888|4/112}} || {{sort|5877|5/123}} || 2.96
|- align="center"
|4
|{{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Andrew Hall]] || 2 || '''4''' || 163 || {{sort|3907|3/93}} || {{sort|3907|3/93}} || 2.92
|- align="center"
|5
|{{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Shaun Pollock]] || 2 || '''4''' || 223 || {{sort|2900|2/100}} || {{sort|2900|2/100}} ||2.47
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket in 2004–05}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:South African cricket team in India in 2004-05}}
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2004–05]]
[[Category:2004 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2004 in South African cricket]]
[[Category:South African cricket tours of India|2004-05]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 2000–01]]

{{India-cricket-tour-stub}}

Article 356 of the Constitution of India

2024-03-14T19:10:13Z

Bogdansry:

#REDIRECT [[President's rule]] {{Redirect category shell|
{{R from alternative name}}
}}

Aakrosh Diwas

2024-03-10T05:17:08Z

Bogdansry: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation]] {{R from merge}}