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Kaliaganj Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T06:00:10Z

Bihar: Made some bio from scratch.

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|its namesake municipal town|Kaliaganj|its namesake community development block|Kaliaganj (community development block)}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kaliaganj
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Kaliaganj.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Kaliaganj Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raiganj Lok Sabha constituency|Raiganj]]
| constituency_no = 34
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Utpal Brahmacharo]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 282,575
}}

'''Kaliaganj Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Uttar Dinajpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 34 Kaliaganj Assembly constituency (SC) covers [[Kaliaganj]] municipality, [[Kaliaganj (Community development block)|Kaliaganj]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Barua and Birghai [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Raiganj (Community development block)|Raiganj]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2 July 2014| work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Kaliaganj Assembly constituency is part of No. 5 [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election Year
!MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" |Syama Prasad Barman
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="7" | '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]|| rowspan="2" |Debendra Nath Roy
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]|| rowspan="2" |Naba Kumar Roy
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]|| rowspan="2" |Ramani Kanti Debsarma
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]'''
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pramatha Nath Ray ]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]|| rowspan="1" |Nani Gopal Roy
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|rowspan="1" | '''[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]'''
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pramatha Nath Ray ]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|2019^|| rowspan="1" |[[Tapan Deb Singha]]
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|rowspan="1" | '''[[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]'''
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]|| rowspan="1" |[[Soumen Roy]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|rowspan="2" |'''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Utpal Brahmacharo]]
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kaliaganj]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Utpal Brahmacharo]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:158349}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nitai Baishya
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:81924}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hiru Roy Sarkar
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = {{formatnum:5779}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Giridhari Pramanik
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:4747}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:2993}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, [[Soumen Roy]] of [[BJP]] defeated his nearest rival [[Tapan Deb Singha]] of [[Trinamool Congress]]. Soumen Roy himself later defected to Trinamool Congress. He later rejoined the BJP.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kaliaganj]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Soumen Roy]]
|votes = 116,768
|percentage = 48.71
|change = +5.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Tapan Deb Singha]]
|votes = 94,948
|percentage = 39.61
|change = -5.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pravash Sarkar
|votes = 16,770
|percentage = 7.00
|change = -1.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sudhir Sarkar
|votes = 4,004
|percentage = 1.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 3,007
|percentage = 1.25
|change = +0.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Gopal Chunary
|votes = 1,073
|percentage = 0.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shyama Sarkar
|votes = 781
|percentage = 0.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dilip Chandra Ray
|votes = 552
|percentage = 0.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Alen Sarkar
|votes = 408
|percentage = 0.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Namala Kanta Sarkar
|votes = 387
|percentage = 0.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 239,726
|percentage = 88.80
|change = +7.76
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

====2019 bye-poll====
A bye-poll was necessitated due to the death of the incumbent MLA, [[Pramatha Nath Ray]]. In this election, [[Tapan Deb Singha]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Kamal Chandra Sarkar of BJP.
{{Election box begin | title=2019 West Bengal state assembly bye- elections: Kaliaganj}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Tapan Deb Singha]]
|votes = 97,428
|percentage = 44.65
|change = +13.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kamal Chandra Sarkar
|votes = 95,014
|percentage = 43.54
|change = +30.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dhitashri Roy
|votes = 18,857
|percentage = 8.64
|change = -43.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,273
|percentage = 1.04
|change = -0.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Darbindu Sarkar
|votes = 1,868
|percentage = 0.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Pradip Kumar Ray
|votes = 1,860
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Jagadish Rajbhar
|votes = 900
|percentage = 0.41
|change = -0.20
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 218,200
|percentage = 81.04
|change = -4.61
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, [[Pramatha Nath Ray]] of [[Indian National Congress]] defeated his nearest rival Basanta Roy of [[Trinamool Congress]].
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kaliaganj]]}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Pramatha Nath Ray]]
|votes = 112,868
|percentage = 52.58
|change = +4.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Basanta Roy
|votes = 66,266
|percentage = 30.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rupak Roy
|votes = 27,252
|percentage = 12.70
|change = +9.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 3,533
|percentage = 1.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Basudeb Debsharma
|votes = 1,850
|percentage = 0.86
|change = +0.04
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Samajwadi Jan Parishad
|candidate = Jiten Roy Sinha
|votes = 1,560
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Jagadish Rajbhar
|votes = 1,313
|percentage = 0.61
|change = +0.11
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 214,642
|percentage = 85.65
|change = -2.30
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, [[Pramatha Nath Ray]] of [[Indian National Congress]] defeated his nearest rival Nani Gopal Roy of [[CPI(M)]].

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kaliaganj]]<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=34| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165659/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=34| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 14 July 2014|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Kaliaganj| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Pramatha Nath Ray]]
|votes = 84,873
|percentage = 47.59
|change = -2.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Nani Gopal Roy
|votes = 77,583
|percentage = 43.51
|change = -1.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bhupati Roy
|votes = 6,563
|percentage = 3.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hriday Chandra Sarkar
|votes = 3,302
|percentage = 1.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Basudeb Debsharma
|votes = 1,471
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Himangshu Roy
|votes = 1,251
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Jagadish Rajbhar
|votes = 894
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sunil Barman
|votes = 817
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kanu Roy
|votes = 684
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sushila Barman
|votes = 486
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rabindranath Barman
|votes = 400
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 178,324
|percentage = 87.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = -1.15
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Nani Gopal Roy of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Kaliaganj (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Pramatha Nath Ray of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Pramathanath Ray of Congress defeated Ramani Kanta Debsarma of CPI(M) in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> and 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Ramani Kanta Debsarma of CPI(M) defeated Pramatha Nath Roy of Congress in 1991<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> and Naba Kumar Roy of Congress in 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Naba Kumar Roy of Congress defeated Nani Gopal Roy of CPI(M) in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> and 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp32.htm | title = 32 - Kaliaganj (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 29 August 2009}}</ref>

===1962–1972===
Debendra Nath Roy of Congress won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Syama Prasad Barman won the Kaliaganj seat in 1969,<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> 1967<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Prior to that the Kaliaganj seat was not there. In 1957 and 1951 Raiganj was a joint seat. Hazi Badirudddin Ahmad and Syama Prasad Barman, both of Congress, won from Raiganj in 1957.<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref> Syama Prasad Barman and Gulam Hamidur Rahman, both of Congress, won from Raiganj in 1951.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Satyen |date=2024-02-28 |title=ফের বিজেপিতে ফিরলেন কালিয়াগঞ্জের বিধায়ক, পার্থর হাত ধরে গিয়েছিলেন তৃণমূলে! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/districts/kaliyaganj-mla-soumen-roy-returns-to-bjp-again-31709120441307.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228144615/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/districts/kaliyaganj-mla-soumen-roy-returns-to-bjp-again-31709120441307.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>{{Uttar Dinajpur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Dinajpur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Nool Veli

2026-05-07T20:56:49Z

Bihar: Created new post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nool Veli.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster in Tamil
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| screenplay = K. Balachander
| story = Sharief
| producer = P. R. Govindarajan J. Doraswamy
| starring = [[Sarath Babu]] [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] [[Saritha]]
| cinematography = [[B. S. Lokanath]]
| editing = N. R. Kittu
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Kalakendra Movies
| released = {{Film date|1979|09|07|Tamil|1979|11|02|Telugu|df=y}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil Telugu
}}

'''''Nool Veli''''' ({{IPAc-en|v|eɪ|l|i}} {{Translation|Fence of Yarn}}) is a 1979 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[K. Balachander]] starring [[Sarath Babu]], [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] and [[Saritha]] in prominent roles. It was [[Multiple-language version|made simultaneously]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as '''''Guppedu Manasu''''' ({{Translation|Fist-sized heart}}), and is a remake of the 1977 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Aa Nimisham]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2023 |title=On Sridevi's 5th death anniversary, take a look at 5 must-watch Malayalam films of the actress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/on-sridevis-5th-death-anniversary-take-a-look-at-5-must-watch-malayalam-films-of-the-actress/photostory/98199933.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303155644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/on-sridevis-5th-death-anniversary-take-a-look-at-5-must-watch-malayalam-films-of-the-actress/photostory/98199933.cms |archive-date=3 March 2023 |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Kamal Haasan]] does a guest role in both Tamil and Telugu versions. ''Nool Veli'' was released on 7 September 1979, and ''Guppedu Manasu'' on 2 November the same year.

== Plot ==
Buchi Babu, an architect, his wife Vidya, a writer, and their young daughter, move in next door to Srimati, an out of work actress who is living with her teenage daughter Baby. Vidya also works at the Andhra Pradesh Film Censor Board.

The two families become good neighbours. Baby, who is very playful and naughty visits them very often. The neighbours have a lot of fun together playing games and going to the beach. There is a slight hint of inappropriate behaviour by Buchi and Baby at the beach, but is dismissed off as she calls him Uncle. Vidya's brother who is a house surgeon in Osmania General hospital, comes to visit them, and falls in love with Baby.

A film producer comes to talk to Vidya, for permission to use one of her novels for his movie and offers her substantial money. She refuses saying that the adaptation will not be in line with her story and will do injustice to her ideal characters. While at her house, the producer sees Srimati, and asks Buchi if she is the veteran actress Srimati. He then approaches her and decides to cast her in a movie starring Kamal Haasan, as the mother of a lead character. She agrees, but on the set she realises that she has lost her acting skills. With a heavy heart she goes to bed that night, and dies in her sleep. Vidya decides to bring up Srimati's daughter Baby, as her own daughter. Baby moves in with Vidya and her family.

Baby finishes school, and is sent to study in a hostel. Buchi Babu meets with an accident in his car, but escapes with minor injuries. His servant Tirupati phones Baby and tells her about the accident. Worried about Buchi, she immediately takes a taxi home, which breaks down at a distance from her home. She runs from there in the rain, and gets wet. She feels assured after seeing that it's just a minor injury. Buchi asks her to dry herself and change since she is wet. As Baby goes in to change behind a curtain, the wind blows away the curtain, and Buchi looks at her undressed. He is tempted toward Baby. He stands next to her and holds her hand and sees that she reciprocates the attraction.

Meanwhile, At the Film Censor Board, a director presents her a movie where a man marries his adopted daughter in a twist in the climax. She is disgusted with the idea and objects to the incestuous content. After work, she gets her little daughter from school, and as she opens the door of her house, she finds her husband and Baby in bed together.

Although disgusted with what has happened, she tries to be ideal, like the characters in her novels. She tries to restore normalcy in the house by ignoring the incident. They all have dinner together and she seems to deal with it quite maturely. Later that night, she tells her husband that its ok, and that she understands the situation. A bit relieved, Buchi touches her hand to show her affection. At this point, she can no longer control her real feelings of disgust and she pushes him away. She tells him that she thought she could be ideal, but is not. At the core, she is just an ordinary woman, who needs fidelity, and she sleeps on the floor henceforth, away from her husband, refusing to share the bed.

She then calls up the Film Censor Board and withdraws her previous objections saying that far worse things happen in the real world, and there is no need to hide the truth.

A few weeks later, Vidya finds out that Baby is pregnant and has decided to keep the child. Vidya approaches her dad, for advice, telling him the entire story. He doesn't have any solution. Vidya thinks about it a lot, and decides to ask her brother to marry Baby and asks him to visit. Meanwhile, she talks to Baby and finds out that not only is Baby pregnant, but also she is attracted to her husband. When Mouli tells that he will marry her in spite of anything, Vidya scolds him, saying that he is just like any other man, thinking women as a piece of meat. Mouli is hurt, and takes a vow of celibacy, and leaves.

Vidya talks to her husband and he is very non-cooperative, and out of anger, that he is being repeatedly questioned, says that he is a man, and he will do as he wants. Vidya storms out with her daughter, and soon after, Baby leaves to Hyderabad and delivers a daughter who she names Vidya.

In the climax, they get together on the terrace of a 9-storey building, and she makes peace between them all and commits suicide.

== Cast ==
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Vidya
*[[Sarath Babu]] as Buchi Babu
*[[Saritha]] as Baby
*[[G. V. Narayana Rao]] as Mouli
*[[J. V. Ramana Murthy]] as Vidya's father
;Guest appearances
*[[Kamal Haasan]]
*[[S. V. Venkatraman]] as himself

== Production ==
The shadow hand art which appeared in the films' title credits was done by Radhakrishnan.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=கோபாலன் |first=சாந்தி |date=4 November 1979 |title=படிக்கவிடாமல் செய்தவர்! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1979-11-04/page/n27/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240410144023/https://archive.org/details/kalki1979-11-04/page/n27/mode/2up? |archive-date=10 April 2024 |access-date=10 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=26 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]]. For the Tamil version, [[Kannadasan]] wrote the lyrics,<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 1976 |title=Noolveli |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/noolveli/GaS3kIwbXns_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505114504/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/noolveli/GaS3kIwbXns_ |archive-date=5 May 2019 |access-date=7 June 2019 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Noolveli Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/noolveli-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325082536/https://mossymart.com/product/noolveli-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> and for the Telugu version, [[Acharya Aatreya]] did.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guppedu Manasu (1979)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CTX/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230325081552/https://indiancine.ma/TUS/info |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The song "Mounathil Vilayadum" is set in [[:ta:சாமா|Sama]], a [[Carnatic raga]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஏழிசை எம்எஸ்வி {{!}} பயோகிராபி |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/msv/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626130400/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/msv/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=144}} and "Therottam Anandha Shenbaga Poovvattam" is set to [[Bowli]].{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=162}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Naana Paadhuvadhu Naana
| note1 =
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]], L. R. Anjali
| length1 =
| title2 = Therottam Anandha Shenbaga Poovvattam
| note2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length2 =
| title3 = Veenai Sirippil Asai Anaippil
| note3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
| length3 =
| title4 = Mounathil Vilaiyadum Manasakshiye
| note4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
| length4 =
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kanne Valapu Kannela Pilupu
| note1 =
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Mouname Nee Basha O Mooga Manasa
| note2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Nenaa Paadanaa Paata Meera Annadi Maata
| note3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Vani Jairam]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 =
| title4 = Nuvvena Sampangi Puvvuna Nuvvena
| note4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Nool Veli'' was released on 7 September 1979,<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 September 1979 |title=நூல் வேலி |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_3_317/4.jp2/full/1000,1347/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115152555/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_3_317/4.jp2/full/1000,1347/0/default.jpg |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=Ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> and ''Guppedu Manasu'' on 2 November that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guppedu Manasu |url=https://indiancine.ma/TUS/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230325081552/https://indiancine.ma/TUS/info |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Reviewing the former for ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', Kutty Krishnan wrote if not for the acting performances of Saritha and Sujatha, this film would have been a huge yawn.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=கிருஷ்ணன் |first=குட்டி |date=30 September 1979 |title=நூல் வேலி |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1979/sep/30-09-1979/p19.jpg |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220728092945/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1979/sep/30-09-1979/p19.jpg |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=15 March 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=19 |language=Ta}}</ref> Naagai Dharuman of ''Anna'' praised acting, music, screenplay and direction.<ref>{{Cite news |last=தருமன் |first=நாகை |date=23 September 1979 |title=நூல் வேலி |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_3_334/3.jp2/full/1000,1380/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115152946/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_3_334/3.jp2/full/1000,1380/0/default.jpg |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Anna |pages=3 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{K. Balachander}}

[[Category:1979 Indian films]]
[[Category:1979 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1979 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1979 drama films]]
[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:1979 multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]

K. A. Damodara Menon

2026-05-04T14:48:50Z

Bihar:

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

{{Indian patronymic|Damodara Menon|Kalappurakkal Achutha}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. A. Damodara Menon
| image = K.A.Damodara_menon.png
| birth_name =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = Minister of Industries, [[Government of Kerala]]
| term_start = February 22, 1960
| term_end = September 10, 1964
| predecessor = [[K. P. Gopalan]]
| successor = [[T. V. Thomas]]
| office1 = Minister of Local Self Government, [[Government of Kerala]]
| constituency =
| term_start1 = September 26, 1962
| term_end1 = September 10, 1964
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = [[M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal]]
| office2 = Member of Parliament ([[Lok sabha]])
| constituency2 = [[Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kozhikode]]
| term_start2 = April 17, 1952
| term_end2 = April 4, 1957
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = [[K. P. Kutti Krishnan Nair]]
| office3 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
| term_start3 = February 9, 1960
| term_end3 = September 10, 1964
| predecessor3 = [[N. Sivan Pillai]]
| successor3 = [[K. T. George]]
| salary =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1906|6|10}}
| birth_place = [[Karumalloor]], [[Cochin Kingdom]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1980|11|1|1906|6|10}}
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| father = T. R. Achuthan Pillai
| mother = Nangu Amma
| spouse = [[Leela Damodara Menon]]
| children = 4 Dr. V.K Ravindran, V.K. Harindran
| website =
}}

'''Kalappurakkal Achutha Damodara Menon''' (1906-1980) was an [[Indian National Congress]] politician, minister, journalist, writer, freedom fighter and an activist in the movement for united Kerala. He was elected to the Provincial Parliament in 1950 and Indian Parliament ([[lok sabha]]) from Kozhikode ([[Madras State]]) as a representative of [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]], in 1952. During his term as a member of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]], he served as the Minister for Industries and Local Administration.

==Biography==
K. A. Damodara Menon was born on June 10, 1906, the son of T. R. Achuthan Pillai of the Thazhathuveettil house, and Nangu Amma of the Kalappurakkal house at [[Karumalloor]] in present-day [[Ernakulam district]] of [[Kerala]].<ref name="keralamediaacademy">{{cite web |title=Damodara Menon. K.A. (1906-1980) {{!}} Kerala Media Academy |url=http://keralamediaacademy.org/archives/?q=content/damodara-menon-ka-1906-1980 |website=keralamediaacademy.org}}</ref>

After primary education Menon joined [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]] High School. Damodaran's father, Achuthan, died while he was still a schoolboy. He came to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] with his elder brother Parameswaran, who got a government job in Thiruvananthapuram at that time; and continued his schooling at [[SMV High School, Thiruvananthapuram]]. During this time he became attracted towards the national independence movement and the thoughts of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. When Raghavaya, the then Diwan of Travancore decided to increase school fees, he took part in the student protest against the fees hike. He passed the matriculation examination in 1922 and completed his college education in Thiruvananthapuram itself. In 1926 he received his B.A. Graduation.

On June 12, 1941, Damodara Menon married [[Leela Damodara Menon]], who later became active in Kerala politics.<ref name="loksabha">{{cite web |title=Members Bioprofile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/849.htm |website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> The couple have four children.<ref name="loksabha"/> He died on November 1, 1980.

==Career and activism==
===Abroad and Return===
After completing his education, Damodara Menon worked at the Devaswom Commissioner's Office for a short time and then moved to Burma ([[Myanmar]]) in search of a better career.<ref name="mahacharithamala">{{Cite book|title=Mahacharithamala|last=Aravindaksha Menon|first=Panampilly|publisher=DC Books|pages=273}}</ref> He got a job as a clerk in the Accountant General's office in Burma. He later became a teacher at Kelly High School in [[Mandalay]]. A year later he joined a teacher training course at the University of Rangoon. After completing DT (Diploma in Teaching), he worked for a year as a teacher at a government school in [[Pyapon]], southern Burma. For participating in the freedom struggle in Kerala, he quit his job and returned home. On the way back, he observed the freedom struggle in [[Kolkata]], [[Bihar]], [[Surat]], [[Mumbai]] and other important centers of India.

===Congress party===
On the day he reached [[Palakkad]] in 1930, Damodara Menon was arrested at the Congress convention venue and lodged in the Palakkad sub-jail. Two weeks later he was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment and transferred to the Central Jail in [[Coimbatore]] and from there to the Bellary Camp Jail. After his release from prison, he returned to full-time politics. He was arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment at jails in [[Kozhikode]] and [[Kannur]], for violating a government ban and speaking at a public meeting at [[Kozhikode Beach]]. While in prison, he authored the book ''Rashtra Vijnanam''.<ref name="mahacharithamala"/> After his release, Menon and his accomplices were again arrested by the police and lodged in the Alipore Jail in Calcutta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=K.A. Damodara Menon |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?3277 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref> In the Gandhian and Socialist sections of the Congress organization in Kerala at that time, Damodara Menon was a follower of Gandhian ideology. Menon was also involved in activities related to the labor movement.

When a faction called the Democratic Front emerged in the Congress, Damodar Menon joined them. Acharya Kripalani was the leader of this sect. This faction later became a new political party, the [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]]. Damodar Menon has been elected Parliamentary Secretary of the party. He left the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party and returned to the Congress in 1955.

As a member of Congress party, Damodara Menon served as the secretary of [[Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee]] (KPCC) from 1930 to 1932 and 1948 to 1949; treasurer of the KPCC from 1945 to 1947; president of KPCC in 1957 and member of the [[All India Congress Committee]] (AICC) from 1948 to 1949 and 1950 to 1951.<ref name="loksabha"/>

===Journalism===
By 1933, the Indian National Congress had decided to stop violating the law and focus on the legislature. During this time Damodara Menon took a break from public career and joined the Law College, Thiruvananthapuram to study law. His relationship with journalist [[Kesari Balakrishna Pillai]] helped him to train in journalism. After graduating in law, Menon took up law practice in Thiruvananthapuram. During this time he took over the editorship of the weekly ''Samadarshi'' and also wrote in ''[[Kesari (Marathi newspaper)|Kesari]]'' newspaper. In 1937, Damodar Menon became the editor of [[Mathrubhumi]].

The Morazha incident that occurred in [[Malabar District|Malabar]] in the 1940s took place when he was the editor of Mathrubhumi. A police inspector has been killed in a dispute over a farmers' union meeting. On February 27, 1942, Mathrubhumi wrote an introductory speech calling for the saving of the life of [[K. P. R. Gopalan]], a Communist leader who had been sentenced to death in this case.<ref name="mahacharithamala"/> On March 5, KPR day was observed all over Kerala. Following the intervention of [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]], the death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment. Following this, Mathrubhumi was banned. In 1948 he resigned from the editorial board of Mathrubhumi.

===Indian independence movement===
Damodara Menon served as the Secretary of the ''Thiruvithamkoor Samarasahaya Committee'' (Travancore Struggle Assistance Committee) formed in Kozhikode to assist in the struggle for responsible governance in [[Travancore]]. He also took an active part in the [[Indian independence movement]] and was arrested in 1942 in connection with the [[Quit India Movement]] and was lodged in the [[Vellore]] and [[Amravati]] jails.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=History of Indian journalism linked to India's freedom |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/history-of-indian-journalism-linked-to-india-s-freedom-113083100663_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=31 August 2013}}</ref> He was imprisoned until June 1945. After his release, he continued to work in Mathrubhumi.

===[[Aikya Kerala Movement]]===
Damodara Menon has advocated for a united Kerala, organized many meetings and has written extensively for it. He was also a member of the committee formed in September 1946, by KPCC to form a Joint Committee for the implementation of United Kerala and to take other practical steps, in consultation with various political parties in Malabar, Kochi and Travancore.<ref name="aikya">{{Cite web |title=ഐക്യകേരള സമ്മേളനത്തിന് 75 വയസ്സ് |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/features/edit-page/kerla-1.7466633 |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref> Based on this, a meeting was held on October 26, 1946 at [[Cheruthuruthy]] under the chairmanship of [[K. P. Kesava Menon]].<ref name="aikya"/> After Indian independence, the Aikya Kerala Convention held at Aluva in 1948, appointed an Action Committee of 15 members with [[K. Kelappan]] as the President and Damodara Menon as the Secretary.<ref>{{Cite book |title=BA history study material |publisher=University of Calicut |pages=7 |language=English |url=http://sdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/VI_SemContemporary_Kerala.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Electoral politics===
Damodara Menon was elected to the Provincial Parliament of India in 1950.<ref name="stateofkerala">{{cite web |last1=Suresh |first1=Sreelakshmi |title=Kerala State - Everything about Kerala |url=http://www.stateofkerala.in/niyamasabha/k_a_damodara_menon.php |website=www.stateofkerala.in |language=en}}</ref> As a representative of [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]], in 1952, he became a Member of Parliament from Kozhikode (Madras).<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/members/partyardetail.aspx?party_code=69&lsno=1 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> In the first elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, Menon contested from Perumbavoor and his wife Leela from Kundamangalam, in which he lost and his wife won.<ref name="Janmabhumi">{{cite news |title=ജയിച്ച 'ഭര്‍ത്താവ്' ജി ആര്‍ അനില്‍ മാത്രം; ഭാര്യയുടെ പിന്‍ഗാമി; മുന്‍ഗാമി കെ എ ദാമോദര മോനോന്‍ |url=https://www.janmabhumi.in/news/kerala/wife-husband-mla |work=Janmabhumi |language=en}}</ref> In the second Kerala Assembly elections of 1960, Menon contested from Paravur and his wife Leela from Kunnamkulam, as an Indian National Congress candidate, and both of whom won.<ref name="Janmabhumi"/> As a member of the second [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]], he also served as the Minister for Industries from February 2, 1960 to September 26, 1962 and Minister for Industries and Local Administration from September 26, 1962 to September 10, 1964.<ref name="stateofkerala"/>

===Others===
Representative from Kerala to the All India Kisan Mazdoor Sangh and General Secretary of the United Kerala Conference (1947) in Thrissur. When Kerala Press Academy was formed in 1979, Damodara Menon was appointed its first Chairman.<ref name="keralamediaacademy"/>

==Literary works==
* ''Thoppile Nidhi'' (meaning: Treasure in the garden)<ref name="loksabha"/>
* ''Alasa Velakal'' (meaning: Lazy times)
* ''Raashtra Vijnjanam'' (meaning: Political Science)<ref name="loksabha"/>
* ''Bhavanaasoonam'' (meaning: Imagination)<ref name="loksabha"/>
* ''Narma kathakal'' (meaning: Humorous stories) (two parts)<ref name="loksabha"/>
* ''Balaramam''<ref name="loksabha"/>
* ''Thirinju Nokkumpol'' (meaning: Looking back) (autobiography)<ref>{{Cite web |title=THIRINJU NOKKUMBOL |url=http://kslc.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=79753&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=80731 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Damodara Menon, K. A.}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1960–1964]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Presidents of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee]]
[[Category:Industries ministers of Kerala]]

Sanjiv Bajaj

2026-04-30T19:02:01Z

Bihar: put up a article w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian businessman (born 1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjiv Bajaj
| image = File:Sanjiv_Bajaj.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|11|02|df=yes}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Pune]], [[University of Warwick]], [[Harvard University]]
| title = Chairman & MD, [[Bajaj Finserv]]
| term = 2008–present
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[Businessman]]
| parents = [[Rahul Bajaj]], Ruparani Bajaj
| spouse = Shefali Bajaj
| children = 2
| relations = ''See'' [[Bajaj Family]]
}}

'''Sanjiv Bajaj''' (born 2 November 1969) is an Indian billionaire entrepreneur who currently serves as the chairman and managing director of [[Bajaj Finserv]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lockdown diaries with Sanjiv Bajaj|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/article/lockdown-diaries-with-sanjiv-bajaj/605960|access-date=1 February 2021|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=13 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|date=21 July 2020|title=Rahul Bajaj to step down as Bajaj Finance chairperson, son Sanjiv Bajaj to take over|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/rahul-bajaj-to-step-down-as-bajaj-finance-chairperson-son-sanjiv-bajaj-to-take-over/story-2GFXd6vVfh5Vm7M2KLTbWI.html|access-date=1 February 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Born into the [[Bajaj Family|Bajaj family]], Sanjiv is the great-grandson of founder [[Jamnalal Bajaj]] and the younger son of Bajaj Group chairman [[Rahul Bajaj]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=John |first=Nevin |date=12 September 2022 |title='Hamara' Bajaj: The Secret Sauce |work=Fortune India |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/long-reads/hamara-bajaj-the-secret-sauce/109602 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

He completed his education at a Swiss missionaries-run Catholic convent school.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghunathan |first=Anu |title=All In The Family: Meet The 4th-Generation Scion Behind India's Bajaj Finserv |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2017/08/23/bajaj-finserv-asia-fab-50/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> He then pursued his mechanical engineering degree from the [[University of Pune]], master's degree in manufacturing systems engineering from the [[University of Warwick]], and his management degree from [[Harvard Business School]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZscAQAAMAAJ&q=Sanjiv+Bajaj|title=Harvard Business School Bulletin|date=2002|publisher=Harvard Business School|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanjiv Bajaj|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/sanjiv-bajaj/|access-date=1 February 2021|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Who is Sanjiv Bajaj? Meet Bajaj Finance Ltd's newly appointed Chairman|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/who-is-sanjiv-bajaj-meet-bajaj-finance-ltds-newly-appointed-chairman|access-date=1 February 2021|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref>

His elder brother [[Rajiv Bajaj]] is also involved in the management of Bajaj companies. His younger sister, [[Sunaina Kejriwal]], was the director of the Kamalnayan Bajaj Hall and Art Gallery, and died in October 2024, aged 53, after battling cancer for three years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunaina Kejriwal, 53, passes away after battle with cancer |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sunaina-kejriwal-53-dies-after-battle-with-cancer-9606297/ |work=The Indian Express |date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=October 8, 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bajaj began his career in 1994 with [[Bajaj Auto]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sanjiv Bajaj resigns as Executive Director of Bajaj Auto|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sanjiv-bajaj-resigns-as-executive-director-of-bajaj-auto/articleshow/12445664.cms|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sanjiv Bajaj's next big move |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/at-the-top-of-their-game/103350 |access-date=1 February 2021 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |date=4 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> During his years at Bajaj Auto, he held various leadership roles<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=Apoorva |last2=Thukral |first2=Sonal |last3=Paul |first3=Justin |date=2022-01-01 |title=Role of socioemotional wealth (SEW) in the internationalisation of family firms |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2021-0961 |journal=International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1108/IJEBR-12-2021-0961 |s2cid=246767364 |issn=1355-2554|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Sumantra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aArtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sanjiv+Bajaj%22 |title=World Class in India: A Casebook of Companies in Transformation |last2=Piramal |first2=Gita |last3=Budhiraja |first3=Sudeep |date=2001 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-100667-3 |language=en}}</ref> in finance, legal, and international business functions within the organisation.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Rao|first1=C. Appa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KcAemEDJTB4C&q=Sanjiv+Bajaj&pg=PA624|title=Strategic Management and Business Policy|last2=Rao|first2=B. Parvathiswara|last3=Sivaramakrishna|first3=K.|date=2009|publisher=Excel Books India|isbn=978-81-7446-668-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sirkin|first1=Harold L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BohF5P3Lm_cC&q=Sanjiv+Bajaj&pg=PT132|title=Globality|last2=Hemerling|first2=James W.|last3=Bhattacharya|first3=Arindam K.|date=26 April 2012|publisher=Headline|isbn=978-0-7553-6238-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain (FCA.)|first=Rajesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIlRiDt5t2sC&q=Sanjiv+Bajaj&pg=PA61|title=Chains that Liberate, Governance of Family Ties|date=2006|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-2869-6|language=en}}</ref> He is credited with bringing American-style supply chain management to Bajaj Auto, using [[General Motors]] as a model.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Maheshwari|first1=R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-D3DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Sanjiv+Bajaj%22&pg=PA169|title=Strategic Management: A publication of SBPD Publishing House (Sanjay Sahitya Bhawan)|last2=Agarwal|first2=Saurabh|date=17 August 2020|publisher=SBPD Publishing House|isbn=978-93-5047-656-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Geeta |date=2023-08-07 |title=Access to capital easy, but there is a dark side to private equity: Sanjiv Bajaj |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-access-to-capital-easy-but-there-is-a-dark-side-to-private-equity-sanjiv-bajaj-3201790/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Arindam |last2=Buerkner |first2=Hans-Paul |title=Why your company's culture needs a 'fractal redesign' |url=https://fortune.com/2023/12/19/corporate-culture-fractal-redesign-bcg/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |language=en}}</ref> Currently, he serves as the non-executive director of Bajaj Auto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 March 2012|title=Sanjiv Bajaj resigns as Executive Director of Bajaj Auto|url=https://zeenews.india.com/business/news/companies/sanjiv-bajaj-resigns-as-executive-director-of-bajaj-auto_44805.html|access-date=1 February 2021|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref>

After Bajaj Auto's demerger in 2007, Bajaj took charge as the managing director of [[Bajaj Finserv]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Sanjiv Bajaj Turned Bajaj Finserv Into A Financial Powerhouse|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/anniversary-special/how-sanjiv-bajaj-turned-bajaj-finserv-into-a-financial-powerhouse/43283/1|access-date=1 February 2021|website=Forbes India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In five years, Sanjiv Bajaj comes into his own- Business News|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/sanjiv-bajaj-finserv-holdings/story/191068.html|access-date=1 February 2021|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=3 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=How Bajaj Auto shaped Sanjiv Bajaj's entrepreneurial journey - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/sanjiv-bajaj-auto-financial-services-entrepreneurial-journey-19577351.htm |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> Also, he took on additional roles like the chairman of [[Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance]] and [[Bajaj Allianz General Insurance]], vice chairman of [[Bajaj Finance]], and managing director of Bajaj Holdings & Investment Limited in 2012.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rahul Bajaj steps down as Bajaj Finance Chairman; son Sanjiv to take over |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/rahul-bajaj-steps-down-as-bajaj-finance-chairman-son-sanjiv-to-take-over |access-date=1 February 2021 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
Market analysts indicated in 2015 that Bajaj is shaping his company in a manner similar to [[GE Capital]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last1=Kalesh |first1=Baiju |last2=Sinha |first2=Shilpy |date=2015-10-07 |title=How Sanjiv Bajaj has created financial services supermarket |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/how-sanjiv-bajaj-has-created-financial-services-supermarket/articleshow/49249643.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Taknet|first1=D. K.|author-link=D. K. Taknet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXS2DAAAQBAJ&q=Sanjiv+Bajaj&pg=PA397|title=The Marwari Heritage|last2=IntegralDMS|date=22 July 2016|publisher=IntegralDMS|isbn=978-1-942322-06-1|language=en}}</ref> In 2023, he oversaw the launch of Bajaj Finserv Mutual Fund..<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Buch |first1=Himadri |last2=Shah |first2=Ami |title=Bajaj Finserv is now the 43rd player in mutual funds space. Its task is to leave the crowd behind |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/prime/money-and-markets/bajaj-finserv-enters-as-the-43rd-player-in-the-mutual-funds-space-the-task-is-now-to-stand-apart-/primearticleshow/100829969.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Under his leadership, Bajaj Finserv has launched several digital platforms. These include Bajaj Marketplace, an insurance and investment aggregation platform that partners with more than 100 financial institutions; Bajaj Health, a platform connecting patients with doctors, hospitals, laboratories, and wellness providers (and which acquired TPA firm Vidal Health in 2024); and Bajaj Technology, a fintech and data services unit that originated internally in 2014 to develop data infrastructure and tools for fraud detection, cybersecurity, and customer analytics, and later expanded to serve external clients in India, the Middle East, and the United States. Bajaj has stated that these initiatives align with the company’s goal of becoming “the financial life cycle partner to every Indian.”<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatesh |first=Latha |date=29 December 2025 |title=Sanjiv Bajaj: The bug of entrepreneurship, not just finance, was what drove me |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/sanjiv-bajaj-the-bug-of-entrepreneurship-not-just-finance-was-what-drove-me-13747510.html |access-date=30 April 2026 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

Bajaj has held several positions within the [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] (CII), including Chairman of the Western Region for 2019–20.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Pandey|first=Piyush|date=29 March 2019|title=Sanjiv Bajaj elected as chairman of CII, Western Region for 2019-20|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sanjiv-bajaj-elected-as-chairman-of-cii-western-region-for-2019-20/article26681132.ece|access-date=1 February 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> For 2020–21, he was elected as the vice president of CII.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CII|url=https://www.cii.in/CII_Leadership.aspx|access-date=1 February 2021|website=www.cii.in}}</ref> In June 2021, he got elected as the President Designate of CII for 2021–22.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 May 2021|title=CII elects TV Narendran as new President, Sanjiv Bajaj as President-designate|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/cii-elects-tv-narendran-as-new-president-sanjiv-bajaj-as-president-designate-9491701.htm|access-date=27 July 2021|website=www.cnbctv18.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sanjiv Bajaj takes over as CII prez|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/sanjiv-bajaj-takes-over-as-cii-prez/articleshow/91526307.cms|access-date=13 May 2022|newspaper=The Times of India|date=13 May 2022 }}</ref> In May 2022, he took charge as the President of CII for 2022–23.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanjiv Bajaj takes charge as president of CII|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sanjiv-bajaj-takes-charge-as-president-of-cii-11652363247504.html|access-date=13 May 2022|website=www.livemint.com|date=12 May 2022 |last1=Luthra |first1=Swati }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanjiv Bajaj elected as CII president|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sanjiv-bajaj-elected-cii-president/article65407192.ece|access-date=13 May 2022|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|date=12 May 2022 }}</ref> He also participated in the B20 India Secretariat during [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit|India's G-20 presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=B20 India - Governance |url=https://www.b20india2023.org/governance |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=www.b20india2023.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-07 |title=Tata Sons' N Chandrasekaran appointed Chair of B20 India |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-sons-n-chandrasekaran-appointed-chair-of-b20-india/articleshow/96064314.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-16 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Currently, he is the chairman and managing director of [[Bajaj Finserv]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahul Bajaj To Step Down As Chairman Of Bajaj Finance|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/rahul-bajaj-to-step-down-as-bajaj-finance-chairman-sanjiv-bajaj-to-take-over-2266379|access-date=1 February 2021|website=NDTV.com|date=21 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Jul 22, 2020|title=Rahul Bajaj: Corona hits Bajaj Finance, Sanjiv to replace Rahul Bajaj as chairman {{!}} India Business News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/corona-hits-bajaj-fin-sanjiv-to-replace-rahul-as-chairman/articleshow/77095461.cms|access-date=1 February 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lele|first=Abhijit|date=22 July 2020|title=Rahul Bajaj steps down as Bajaj Finance's chairman, son Sanjiv to take over|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/rahul-bajaj-steps-down-as-bajaj-finance-s-chairman-son-sanjiv-to-take-over-120072200064_1.html|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref> He was reappointed as managing director for five years in May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajaj Finserv reappoints Sanjiv Bajaj as MD for 5 more years |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/bajaj-finserv-reappoints-sanjiv-bajaj-as-md-for-5-more-years-326279-2022-03-16 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Business Today |date=16 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In January 2022, Bajaj and his company's higher management were threatened by a hacker for a possible cyber security attack on his group companies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=Pune: Bajaj Finserv MD, three other officials receive threat mails; FIR lodged |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-bajaj-finserv-md-three-other-officials-receive-threat-mails-fir-lodged-7717289/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sanjiv is married to Shefali Bajaj and they have two kids.<ref name=":0" />

== Awards ==
[[File:The_Vice_President,_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu_giving_away_the_Business_Leader_of_the_year_Award_to_the_Managing_Director,_Bajaj_Finserv,_Shri_Sanjiv_Bajaj,_at_the_Economic_Times_Awards_2018_for_Corporate_Excellence,_in_Mumbai.JPG|right|thumb|250px|India's Vice President [[M. Venkaiah Naidu]] presenting the Business Leader of the Year Award to Bajaj at the Economic Times Awards 2018 for Corporate Excellence in [[Mumbai]] on November 17, 2018]]
* Transformational Leader Award (large-cap category) 2017 at the Asian Center's Leadership, Corporate Governance, Sustainability, & CSR Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 September 2018|title=5th Asia Business Responsibility Summit|url=https://www.asiancentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/5th-ABRS-Report.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Asian Centre for Corporate Governance and Sustainability}}</ref>
* Bombay Management Association 2015-2016: – Entrepreneur of the Year Award.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-01 |title=Who is Sanjiv Bajaj: The Chairman and MD of Bajaj Finserv and son of Rahul Bajaj; know about this business scion and his net worth |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/who-is-sanjiv-bajaj-the-chairman-and-md-of-bajaj-finserv-and-son-of-rahul-bajaj-know-about-this-business-scion-and-his-net-worth/3256474/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Businessworld]] India's Most Valuable CEOs 2016.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjiv Bajaj – Chairman and Managing Director, Bajaj Finserv |url=https://www.ey.com/en_in/entrepreneur-of-the-year/jury/sanjiv-bajaj |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.ey.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* [[Ernst & Young]] Entrepreneur of the Year Award 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanjiv Bajaj is 2017's EY Entrepreneur of the Year|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sanjiv-bajaj-is-2017s-ey-entrepreneur-of-the-year/article22765119.ece|access-date=2 February 2021|website=@businessline|date=15 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Feb 16, 2018|title=Sanjiv Bajaj: Sanjiv Bajaj is EY Entrepreneur of the Year 2017 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/sanjiv-bajaj-is-ey-entrepreneur-of-the-year-2017/articleshow/62939959.cms|access-date=2 February 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Team|first=BS Web|date=16 February 2018|title=Sanjiv Bajaj, MD, Bajaj Finserv is EY Entrepreneur Of the Year 2017|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sanjiv-bajaj-md-bajaj-finserv-is-ey-entrepreneur-of-the-year-2017-118021600898_1.html|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
* [[Economic Times Awards]] for Business Leader of the Year 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ET Awards 2018 for Business Leader of the Year: Sanjiv Bajaj, Managing Director, Bajaj Finserv|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/et-awards-2018-for-business-leader-of-the-year-sanjiv-bajaj-managing-director-bajaj-finserv/articleshow/65713946.cms|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
* [[All India Management Association]]'s Managing India Awards - Entrepreneur of the Year 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 April 2019|title=Current Affairs 09 April 2019 Digest 5: AIMA Awards 2019; world's first gene edited Lizard|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/current-affairs-09-april-2019-digest-5-aima-awards-2019-worlds-first-gene-edited-lizard-1554802410-1|access-date=1 February 2021|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref>
* [[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]: Banker of the Year 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 September 2019|title=FE Best Bank Awards: Know who are the winners in different categories|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/fe-best-banks/fe-best-bank-awards-know-who-are-the-winners-in-different-categories/1717818/|access-date=1 February 2021|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[T. V. Narendran]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of [[Confederation of Indian Industry]]|years=2022—2023}}
{{s-aft|after=R. Dinesh}}
{{s-end}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite news |last=Moharkan |first=Furquan |date=17 June 2025 |title=Exclusive: Sanjiv Bajaj's Bajaj Finserv needs to be in everything, everywhere all at once |url=https://themorningcontext.com/business/exclusive-sanjiv-bajajs-bajaj-finserv-needs-to-be-in-everything-everywhere-all-at-once |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=The Morning Context}}
*{{Cite news |last=Venkatesh |first=Latha |date=28 April 2025 |title='The only business was to finance Bajaj Auto's products and then when Sanjeev took over...': Rajiv Bajaj on transformation of Bajaj Finance |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/the-only-business-was-to-finance-bajaj-autos-products-and-then-when-sanjeev-took-over-rajiv-bajaj-on-transformation-of-bajaj-finance-13006926.html |access-date=1 May 2025 |work=[[Moneycontrol]]}}
*{{Cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Shayan |last2=Gopakumar |first2=Gopika |last3=John |first3=Satish |date=24 March 2025 |title=How Sanjiv Bajaj plans leadership transition, succession at Bajaj Finserv |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/succession-at-bajaj-finserv-starts-by-spotting-young-leaders-says-sanjiv-bajaj-rajiv-bajaj-american-express-11742724100003.html |access-date=30 March 2025 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Geeta |date=22 February 2025 |title=Sanjiv Bajaj calls for broader distribution of financial services |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/banking-finance-sanjiv-bajaj-calls-for-broader-distribution-of-financial-services-3756834/ |access-date=1 March 2025 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]}}
*{{Cite news |date=12 February 2025 |title=India needs to be 'more accepting of the world' to be a player on the global stage: Sanjiv Bajaj |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2025/02/12/bajaj-finservs-sanjiv-bajaj-discusses-india-budget-competition.html |access-date=31 March 2025 |work=[[CNBC TV18]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Kanwal |first=Rahul |author-link=Rahul Kanwal |date=23 January 2025 |title=WEF Davos {{!}} India's Blueprint For Global Leadership |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/wef-2025/video/wef-davos-indias-blueprint-for-global-leadership-461861-2025-01-23 |access-date=30 March 2025 |work=[[Business Today (India)]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Varier |first=Aathira |date=16 September 2024 |title=Interest, trust of investors humbling: Sanjiv Bajaj on BHFL listing |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/sanjiv-bajaj-expects-12-15-credit-growth-in-housing-finance-industry-124091601124_1.html |access-date=26 September 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Tendulkar |first=Reema |date=5 September 2024 |title=Government's housing for all initiative creates significant growth potential, says Sanjiv Bajaj |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/government-housing-significant-growth-potential-sanjiv-bajaj-atul-jain-19470765.htm |access-date=29 November 2024 |work=[[CNBCTV18]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Shaikh |first=Subhana |date=3 September 2024 |title=Why Bajaj Finserv's Sanjiv Bajaj Does Not Need A Banking License |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/why-bajaj-finservs-sanjiv-bajaj-does-not-need-a-banking-license |access-date=25 December 2024 |work=[[NDTV Profit]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Gopakumar |first=Gopika |date=3 September 2024 |title=Bajaj Housing will not need more capital in the next few years: Sanjiv Bajaj |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/bajaj-housing-finance-sanjeev-bajaj-ipo-home-loans-11725367636905.html |access-date=28 October 2024 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint]]}}
*{{Cite news |date=3 September 2024 |title=Sanjiv Bajaj just set his sights on the 'HDFC of the future' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/sanjiv-bajaj-just-set-his-sights-on-the-hdfc-of-the-future/articleshow/113013714.cms |access-date=28 October 2024 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=John |first=Nevin |date=8 July 2024 |title=Bajaj After Rahul |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/long-reads/bajaj-after-rahul/117439 |access-date=29 November 2024 |work=[[Fortune India]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Anushka |date=23 February 2024 |title=Sanjiv Bajaj wants NBFCs to cast a wider borrowing net |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/sanjiv-bajaj-wants-nbfcs-to-cast-a-wider-borrowing-net-19125391.htm |access-date=26 September 2024 |work=[[CNBC TV18]]}}
*{{Cite news |last1=Galani |first1=Una |last2=Slodkowski |first2=Antoni |date=15 January 2024 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Alexander |title=Davos 2024: India on cusp of FDI flood, Bajaj Finserv Chair says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-cusp-fdi-flood-bajaj-finserv-chair-says-davos-2024-01-15/#:~:text=DAVOS%2C%20Switzerland%2C%20Jan%2015%20(,Forum%20annual%20meeting%20on%20Monday. |access-date=28 July 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}
*{{Cite book |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Shital |url=https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/corporate-governance/25842000 |title=Corporate Governance: Creating Value for Stakeholders |date=2023 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer Link]] |isbn=978-981-99-2707-4 |pages=25–52 |chapter=They Set the Way, Go the Way, Pave the Way |doi=10.1007/978-981-99-2707-4}}
*{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Geeta |date=7 August 2023 |title=Access to capital easy, but there is a dark side to private equity: Sanjiv Bajaj |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-access-to-capital-easy-but-there-is-a-dark-side-to-private-equity-sanjiv-bajaj-3201790/ |access-date=28 July 2024 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Ravi Kumar |first=N |date=17 March 2023 |title=RBI's rigorous supervision keeps Indian banks healthy: CII president Sanjiv Bajaj |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/rbis-rigorous-supervision-keeps-indian-banks-healthy-cii-president-sanjiv-bajaj/article66630765.ece |access-date=28 August 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Shobhana |date=28 March 2019 |title=Lack of banking licence is not something we miss: Bajaj Finserv MD |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/lack-of-banking-licence-is-not-something-we-miss-bajaj-finserv-md-1529960/ |access-date=25 December 2024 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Piramal Raje |first=Aparna |date=29 May 2016 |title=Sanjiv Bajaj: The balanced builder |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/sanjiv-bajaj-the-balanced-builder-1541246773877.html |access-date=28 August 2024 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Adhikari |first=A |date=2013 |title=The Other Bajaj |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=84624940&site=eds-live&scope=site |url-status= |access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |via=[[EBSCOHost]]}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Harish |first=R |date=2011 |title=Bajaj Auto: From Chetak to Pulsar and Beyond |url=https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A6%3A4260886/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A59337821&crl=c |journal=IUP Journal of Marketing Management |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=63 |issn=0972-6845 |via=[[EBSCO Industries|EBSCO]]}}

{{Bajaj Group}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajaj, Sanjiv}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Marwari people]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]
[[Category:Bajaj Group]]
[[Category:Bajaj family|Sanjiv]]

Masterpiece

2026-04-30T04:26:36Z

Bihar: New

{{Short description|Creation that has been given much critical praise}}
{{Redirect-several|Masterwork|Magnum opus|Masterpiece}}
{{Redirect|Opus magnum|the video game|Opus Magnum{{!}}''Opus Magnum'' (video game)|the album|Opus Magnum (album){{!}}''Opus Magnum'' (album)}}
[[Image:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|In painting, [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' ({{Circa}} 1503–06) is considered an archetypal masterpiece,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/30/138800110/the-theft-that-made-the-mona-lisa-a-masterpiece |title=The Theft That Made Mona Lisa a Masterpiece |date=July 30, 2011 |access-date=February 15, 2019 |work=NPR }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/why-i-think-mona-lisa-became-an-icon/164983.article |title=Why Mona Lisa Became An Icon |date=21 September 2001 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=John|last= Lichfield|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-moving-of-the-mona-lisa-530771.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-moving-of-the-mona-lisa-530771.html |archive-date=2022-05-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=The Moving of the Mona Lisa|quote=the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world |newspaper= The Independent |date=April 2, 2005}}</ref> although it was not produced for admission to a guild or academy.]]

A '''masterpiece''', {{langnf|la|'''magnum opus'''|great work|paren=}}, or {{langnf|fr|'''chef-d'œuvre'''|master of work|paren=left}}; {{plural form|{{lang|fr|chefs-d'œuvre}}}}; {{IPA|fr|ʃɛ.d‿œvʁ|lang}}) is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding [[creativity]], skill, profundity, or [[workmanship]].

Historically, a "masterpiece" was a work of a very high standard produced by an apprentice to obtain full membership, as a "[[Master craftsman|master]]", of a [[craft guild]] or [[academy]] in various areas of the visual arts and crafts.

== Etymology ==
The form ''masterstik'' is recorded in English or [[Scots language|Scots]] in a set of [[Aberdeen guild regulations]] dated to 1579, whereas ''masterpiece'' is first found in 1605, already outside a guild context, in a [[Ben Jonson]] play.<ref>[[OED]]:"Masterpiece". See also: [http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861628683/masterpiece.html Encarta]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091107141731/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861628683/masterpiece.html Archived] 2009-11-01.</ref> ''Masterprize'' was another early variant in English.<ref>[[OED]]:"Masterprize"</ref>
[[File:Things Fall Apart signed.jpg|thumb|''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' by Igbo author [[Chinua Achebe]] is often considered a literary masterpiece, and one of the greatest works of [[Nigerian literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe: 9780385474542 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/565351/things-fall-apart-by-chinua-achebe/9780385474542 |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Obioma |first=Chigozie |date=2022-10-05 |title=Top 10 books about Nigeria |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/05/top-10-books-about-nigeria |access-date=2023-09-11 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardison |first=Erika |date=2022-04-25 |title=15 Of The Best Nigerian Books By Nigerian Authors |url=https://bookriot.com/best-nigerian-books/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=BOOK RIOT |language=en-US}}</ref>]]
In English, the term rapidly became used in a variety of contexts for an exceptionally good piece of creative work, and was "in early use, often applied to man as the 'masterpiece' of God or Nature".<ref>[[OED]], and examples</ref>

== History ==
{{Citations needed|section|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Zuccari Two painter's apprentices.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Federico Zuccari]], ''Two Painter's Apprentices'', 1609. They would have to produce a ''masterpiece'' to become masters at the end of their apprenticeships.]]
Originally, the term ''masterpiece'' referred to a piece of work produced by an [[apprentice]] or [[journeyman]] aspiring to become a [[master craftsman]] in the [[old European guild system]]. Their fitness to qualify for guild membership was judged partly by the masterpiece, and if they were successful, the piece was retained by the guild. Great care was therefore taken to produce a fine piece in whatever the craft was, whether confectionery, painting, [[goldsmith]]ing, [[Knife making|knifemaking]], leatherworking, or many other trades.

In London, in the 17th century, the [[Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths]], for instance, required an apprentice to produce a masterpiece under their supervision at a "workhouse" in [[Goldsmiths' Hall]]. The workhouse had been set up as part of a tightening of standards after the company became concerned that the level of skill of goldsmithing was being diluted. The wardens of the company had complained in 1607 that the "true practise of the Art & Mystery of Goldsmithry is not only grown into great decays but also dispersed into many parts, so as now very few workmen are able to finish & perfect a piece of plate singularly with all the garnishings & parts thereof without the help of many & several hands...". The same goldsmithing organization still requires the production of a masterpiece but it is no longer produced under supervision.<ref>[http://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/library/archives/a-history-of-the-goldsmiths%27-company/ ''A History of the Goldsmiths' Company.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503103210/http://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/library/archives/a-history-of-the-goldsmiths%27-company/ |date=2016-05-03 }} The Goldsmiths' Company. Retrieved 30 December 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.goldsmiths-centre.org/professional-training/goldsmiths-company-apprenticeship-programme/ Goldsmiths' Company Apprenticeship Programme.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20141230121155/http://www.goldsmiths-centre.org/professional-training/goldsmiths-company-apprenticeship-programme/ |date=2014-12-30 }} The Goldsmiths' Centre. Retrieved 30 December 2014.</ref>

In [[Nuremberg]], Germany, between 1531 and 1572, apprentices who wished to become master goldsmith were required to produce [[columbine cup]]s, dies for a steel seal, and gold rings set with precious stones before they could be admitted to the goldsmiths' guild. If they failed to be admitted, then they could continue to work for other goldsmiths but not as a master themselves. In some guilds, apprentices were not allowed to marry until they had obtained full membership.<ref>[https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O91876/cup-jamnitzer-wenzel/ Cup, Silver, room 69, case 25.] Victoria & Albert Museum. Retrieved 30 December 2014.</ref>

In its original meaning, the term was generally restricted to tangible objects, but in some cases, where guilds covered the creators of intangible products, the same system was used. The best-known example today is [[Richard Wagner]]'s opera ''[[Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg]]'' (1868), where much of the plot is concerned with the hero's composition and performance of a "masterpiece" song, to allow him to become a ''[[meistersinger]]'' in the (non-commercial) Nuremberg guild. This follows the surviving rulebook of the guild.

The practice of producing a masterpiece has continued in some modern academies of art, where the general term for such works is now [[reception piece]]. The [[Royal Academy]] in London uses the term "[[diploma work]]" and it has acquired a fine collection of diploma works received as a condition of membership.

== Modern use ==
In modern use, a masterpiece is a creation in any area of [[the arts]] that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship. For example, the novel ''[[David Copperfield]]'' by [[Charles Dickens]] is generally considered a literary masterpiece.<ref>{{cite book |last=Forster |first=John |title=Life of Charles Dickens |location=London |publisher=Everyman's Library |year=1976 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofcharlesdic00john/page/6 6] |chapter=VII |isbn=0460007823 |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofcharlesdic00john |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofcharlesdic00john/page/6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/jforster/bl-jforster-cdickens-6.htm |work=Classic Literature |title=John Forster, The Life of Charles Dickens |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-date=17 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517065841/http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/jforster/bl-jforster-cdickens-6.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Sylvère |last=Monod |title=Dickens the Novelist |url=https://archive.org/details/lish00sylv |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1968 |isbn=978-0806107684}}</ref> The term is often used loosely, and some critics, such as Edward Douglas of ''The Tracking Board'', feel it is overused in describing recent films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tracking-board.com/can-we-please-stop-overusing-the-word-masterpiece-opinion/|title=Can We Please Stop Overusing the Word "Masterpiece"? (Opinion)|date=February 17, 2018|access-date=October 18, 2019|archive-date=December 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211203136/https://www.tracking-board.com/can-we-please-stop-overusing-the-word-masterpiece-opinion/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Artistic merit]]
* [[Classic]]
* [[Great books]]
* [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]]
* ''[[Painting the Century: 101 Portrait Masterpieces 1900–2000]]''
* [[Virtual Collection of Asian Masterpieces]]
* [[Western canon]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|masterpiece}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aesthetics]]
[[Category:Guilds]]
[[Category:Semiotics]]
[[Category:Visual arts]]
[[Category:Visual arts terminology]]
[[Category:Western art]]
[[Category:Works of art]]

Vungzagin Valte

2026-04-26T13:14:23Z

Bihar: put up first post first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician (1964–2026)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vungzagin Valte
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1964|4|3|df=y}}
| death_date = {{dda|2026|2|20|1964|4|3|df=y}}
| image = Vungzagin Valte.jpg
| caption =
| office = Member of Manipur Legislative Assembly
| term_start =
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Thanlon Assembly constituency|Thanlon]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (from 2017)
| other_party =
[[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
}}
'''Vungzagin Valte''' (3 April 1964 – 20 February 2026) was an Indian politician from Manipur. He was a three-time member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Thanlon Assembly constituency|Thanlon constituency]] in [[Pherzawl district]], first as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and later, from 2017, as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2017 |title=2 former Manipur Congress MLAs switch to BJP |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/2-former-manipur-congress-mlas-switch-to-bjp/articleshow/56792950.cms |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thanlon (Manipur) Elections and Results 2017, Candidate list, Winner and Runner-up |website=Elections in India |url=https://www.elections.in/manipur/assembly-constituencies/thanlon.html}}</ref> He was a cabinet minister during [[First Biren Singh ministry|2017–2022]], holding the portfolios of Transport, Tribal Affairs & Hills, and General Administration. After 2022, he had the role of chief advisor to the chief minister [[N. Biren Singh]] on tribal affairs.<ref name="Hindu Jun 2023">Vijaita Singh, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/crippled-in-mob-attack-kuki-bjp-mla-from-manipur-admitted-to-delhi-hospital/article66942275.ece Crippled in mob attack, Kuki BJP MLA from Manipur admitted to Delhi hospital], ''The Hindu'', 7 June 2023.</ref>

After the eruption of the [[2023–2025 Manipur violence]], Valte was brutally attacked by a [[Meitei people|Meitei mob]] in [[Imphal]] while returning from a meeting with the chief minister. He was seriously crippled and partly paralysed, and spent months hospitalised.<ref name="Hindu Jun 2023"/><ref name="Print Jul 2023"/> After partial recovery and return to [[Churachandpur]], he continued to suffer from ailments related to the attack, and finally succumbed to them in February 2026.<ref name="Hindu Feb 2026">Vijaita Singh, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/vungzagin-valte-kuki-zo-mla-dead-manipur-ethnic-violence/article70659832.ece Kuki-Zo MLA, attacked by mob in 2023 ethnic violence in Manipur, dies in Gurugram hospital], The Hindu, 21 February 2026.</ref> No one was held accountable for his killing.<ref>Vishal Arora, [https://newsreel.asia/articles/manipur-mla-valte-death-state-accountability-crisis ‘No One’ Killed This Manipur MLA, and That Defines the State’s Accountability Crisis], Newsreel Asia, 22 February 2026.</ref>

== Early life ==
Valte was born on 3 April 1964 in the village [[Mualnuam]] in [[Churachandpur district]].<ref name="Assembly">{{cite web |title=Vungzagin Valte |publisher=Manipur Legislative Assembly |url=https://assembly.mn.gov.in/members/profile/vungzagin-valte |access-date=20 February 2026 |archive-date=5 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105104147/https://assembly.mn.gov.in/members/profile/vungzagin-valte}}</ref> He belonged to the [[Paite people|Paite]] tribe, and adopted the [[Zomi people|Zomi]] identity in preference to the [[Kuki people|Kuki-Zo]] identity.<ref>Debanish Achom, Ratnadip Choudhury, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kuki-zo-wrong-term-to-describe-us-say-3-manipur-mlas-from-different-tribes-6403567 "Kuki-Zo" Wrong Term To Describe Us, Say 3 Manipur MLAs From Different Tribes], NDTV News, 23 August 2024.</ref> Valte held a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree.<ref name="Assembly"/>

== Career ==
Valte was elected to the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Thanlon Assembly constituency|Thanlon constituency]] in [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] on an [[Indian National Congress]] ticket. In 2017, Valte switched to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) along with a number of Manipur legislators, and retained his Thanlon seat. In 2020, after a Cabinet shuffle, he was appointed as a Cabinet minister, holding the portfolios of Transport, Tribal Affairs & Hills, and General Administration.<ref name="Assembly"/>
In [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]], he retained his Thanlon seat again. Valte did not receive a ministerial post this time, but was given the role of "Advisor to the Chief Minister".<ref>[https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=12..131122.nov22 MANITEX 2022: Churachandpur and Pherzawl Day], The Sangai Express, via e-pao.net, 12 November 2022.</ref>

== Attack and death ==
On 3 May 2023, [[2023–2025 Manipur violence|ethnic violence]] broke out between the [[Meitei people|Meitei]] and [[Kuki people|Kuki-Zo]] (or "Kuki") communities in the state. The Kuki-Zo people living in the Meitei-dominated [[Imphal Valley]] bore the brunt of the violence, with 18 people getting killed on 3 May and 33 people the next day.<ref>Prateek Goyal, [https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/09/15/tracing-the-sparks-behind-manipurs-ring-of-fire-free-run-for-first-bloodbath-blind-eye-to-protests As Modi’s visit looms, tracing the missed warnings that set Manipur on fire], Newslaundry, 15 September 2023.</ref> According to the Kuki Organisation for Human Rights (KOHUR), most Kuki-Zo colonies in the [[Imphal City]] were attacked on the night of 3 May, partially burnt down and the residents driven out.<ref>{{citation |title=Report on the Manipur Violence: A historical contextualization of state-sponsored ethnic cleansing |publisher=Kuki Organisation for Human Rights Trust |location=New Delhi |date=December 2024 |page=62}}</ref>

The following day, Valte attended a meeting called by the chief minister [[N. Biren Singh]] in the secretariat, where he is reported to have argued for the safety and transport of the Kuki-Zo people fleeing Imphal. He received a government order addressing the issues, with which he was returning to his official residence.<ref name="TOI Jul 2023">Kangkan Kalita, [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/never-in-imphal-again-kin-of-mla-given-electric-shocks/articleshow/102120065.cms Never in Imphal again: Kin of BJP MLA Vungzagin Valte given 'electric shocks'], The Times of India, 26 July 2023.</ref><ref name="Newsreel Feb 2026">Vishal Arora, [https://newsreel.asia/articles/manipur-mla-valte-death-state-accountability-crisis ‘No One’ Killed This Manipur MLA, and That Defines the State’s Accountability Crisis], Newsreel Asia, 22 February 2026.</ref>
On the way, his car was stopped by a group of people wearing black clothes, whom Valte later described as "Meitei militia",<ref name="Hindu wrote to PM">Vijaita Singh, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/months-before-his-death-manipur-mla-wrote-to-pm-sought-probe-on-mob-attack/article70664357.ece Months before his death, Manipur MLA wrote to PM, sought probe on mob attack], The Hindu, 22 February 2026.</ref> widely understood to be [[Arambai Tenggol]] militias.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NwedrgZpkE Arambai Tenggol Behind Attack But No Arrests So Far: Valte's Son Joseph Valte | Manipur Violence], India Today, via YouTube, 24 July 2023.</ref><ref name="Hindu wrote to PM"/> According to his son, Valte was stunned with a taser gun and repeatedly hit on the head with a sharp object.<ref name="Hindu Feb 2026"/>

He was airlifted to Delhi in critical condition and nearly spent two years undergoing treatment.<ref name="Print Jul 2023">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Moushumi Das |date=2023-07-26 |title=Manipur BJP MLA attacked by mob lies paralysed, family grapples with bills. 'No help from anyone' |url=https://theprint.in/india/manipur-bjp-mla-attacked-by-mob-lies-paralysed-family-grapples-with-bills-no-help-from-anyone/1685836/ |website=ThePrint }}</ref> He returned to Churachandpur on 18 April 2025, bound in a wheel chair.<ref>Debanish Achom, Ratnadip Choudhury, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/only-path-to-peace-in-manipur-kuki-bjp-mla-vungzagin-valte-wounded-in-may-2023-says-after-returning-home-8196279 "Only Path To Peace In Manipur...": Kuki BJP MLA, Wounded In May 2023, Returns Home], NDTV News, 18 April 2025.</ref> Talking to Press, he emphasised that the path to peace in Manipur lies in granting autonomy to the Kuki-Zomi-Hmar people through Union Territory status. He expressed unwillingness to sit with the Meiteis at the negotiation table. He also thanked the Ministry of Home Affairs for establishing buffer zones between Kuki-Zo- and Meitei-dominated areas.<ref>Ratnadip Choudhury, [https://www.youtube.com/live/ijx6aZAeyik Manipur Violence | NDTV Exclusive: BJP MLA Assaulted In Manipur Returns Home After 2 Years], NDTV News, 18 April 2025.</ref>

Valte continued to suffer from complications due to the life-threatening injuries suffered during the attack. On 8 February 2026, he was airlifted Delhi again and taken to a private hospital in [[Gurugram]]. He died in hospital on 20 February 2026.<ref name="Hindu Feb 2026"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NwedrgZpkE Arambai Tenggol Behind Attack But No Arrests So Far: Valte's Son Joseph Valte | Manipur Violence], India Today, via YouTube, 24 July 2023.
* {{Cite web |title=Assaulted MLA Valte ‘not forgotten’, Manipur govt monitoring his condition: Minister Sapam Ranjan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mla-valte-manipur-govt-minister-sapam-ranjan-8864705/ |website=The Indian Express |date=28 July 2023}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valte, Vungzagin}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:2026 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Churachandpur district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]

Jaaga

2026-04-24T03:31:37Z

Bihar: Made first article from scratch

{{COI|date=February 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Jaaga
| image = Jaaga Logo.jpg
| image_border =
| image_size = 180px
| image_alt = 
| caption = Community Art & Technology Space
| map = 
| map_size = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map2 =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 2009
| extinction =
| type = 
| status =
| purpose = [[Hackerspace]] [[coworking]]
| headquarters =
| location = [[India]]
| coordinates = 
| region_served =
| membership =
| language = 
| general_secretary = 
| leader_title = Origin
| leader_name = [[Bangalore]]
| leader_title2 = Platforms
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Founders
| leader_name3 = Freeman Murray, Archana Prasad, volunteers
| leader_title4 = Products
| leader_name4 =
| key_people =
| main_organ = 
| parent_organization = 
| affiliations = Samuha, One Shanti Road, Maraa
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = [https://www.jaaga.in/ Jaaga homepage]
| remarks =
| former_name =
}}

'''Jaaga''' is a community space built from [[pallet racking]] in downtown Bangalore to serve the local arts and technology communities.<ref name=source1>{{cite web|title=Mobile space that spoke on Sunday|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_mobile-space-that-spoke-on-sunday_1281149|work=Daily News and Analysis|accessdate=25 February 2011|date=2009-08-10}}</ref><ref name=source2>{{cite web|title=This mobile jaaga has room enough for all art|work=Daily News and Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_this-mobile-jaaga-has-room-enough-for-all-art_1332958|accessdate=25 February 2011|date=2010-01-10}}</ref>

== History ==
Jaaga developed out of frustration Archana Prasad experienced while looking for a suitable building for Samuha, an artist run gallery coop she was setting up. Bangalore Architect, Naresh Narasimhan, offered up a 1400 sq. ft. plot of land he owned in Richmond Town across from the Karnataka State Hockey Association with the condition that it is vacated on request. Freeman Murray volunteered to drive construction efforts. The initial frame for Jaaga was erected in August 2009. Samuha found another location so Jaaga developed its own identity.

== Physical Structure ==
Jaaga is a free standing structure constructed with [[pallet racking]]. The floors are plywood or blockboard, and the external walls are recycled East Asian billboards. Jaaga has a 1kva solar array from which it draws most of its electricity. It stands on 84 square meters and nets 312 square meters of useful space. Because of the flexibility of the pallet racks, the floors of the building can be moved to reflect the changing needs of its inhabitants. It can also be broken down quickly and moved to a new location leaving the property undamaged.
In June 2011 the Jaaga structure was dismantled and moved over to its new location a few blocks away, proving the nomadic nature of this form of experimental architecture. The new land-owner is Sharath Reddy who is keen on setting up an experimental Gaia - an organic cafe alongside the Jaaga building. This new avatar of Jaaga will be twice as large and set on a property three times the size of the previous location.

== Startup ==
Jaaga Startup is an Incubator for creative entrepreneurs.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hackerspace}}

[[Category:Hackerspaces]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2009]]

Sanjay Kumar Singh (LJP politician)

2026-04-21T04:20:11Z

Bihar: put up a bio more to come

{{Short description|Indian politician from the state of Bihar}}
{{Distinguish|Sanjay Kumar Singh}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanjay Kumar Singh
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]], [[Bihar]]
| alma_mater = [[Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University|BNMU Madhepura]],
[[Lalit Narayan Mithila University|LNMU Darbhanga]]
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Simri Bakhtiarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Simri Bakhtiarpur]]
| assembly = Bihar Legislative
| term_start = 20 November 2025
| term_end = Present
| predecessor = [[Yusuf Salahuddin]]
| party = [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|Lok Janshakti Party]]
| spouse =
| caption = Sanjay Kumar Singh portrait
}}

'''Sanjay Kumar Singh''' is an Indian politician from the state of [[Bihar]]. As a Member of the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|Lok Jan Shakti Party]], he represents the [[Simri Bakhtiarpur Assembly constituency|Simri Bakhtiarpur assembly]] seat in Bihar since 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=आजादी के बाद सिमरी बख्तियारपुर रचा इतिहास, विधानसभा चुनाव में संजय सिंह ने तोड़ा दो जाति के जीतने का मिथक - bihar election simri bakhtiarpur creates history sanjay singh breaks caste myth |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saharsa-bihar-election-simri-bakhtiarpur-creates-history-sanjay-singh-breaks-caste-myth-40041703.html |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjay Kumar Singh(Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)):Constituency- SIMRI BAKHTIARPUR(SAHARSA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2025/candidate.php?candidate_id=681 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

Sanjay is born in Dhakjri a village in [[Saharsa district]]. Her father is Late Bishnudeo Singh, Sanjay is one of the richest MLA from Bihar in. Bihar legislative assembly 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjay Kumar Singh , Simri Bakhtiarpur candidate Bihar Election bio : Assets , Total Income , Liabilities , Criminal Cases and other details. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Bihar2025/sanjay-kumar-singh-681/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Chanapora Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:40:26Z

Bihar: Created a info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Update|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chanapora
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 23
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = Mushtaq Guroo
| party = [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]
|established = 2022
|electors = 
|reservation = None
}}

'''Chanapora''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. [[Chanapora]] is also part of [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Notification by Delimitation Commission |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017204253/https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2022 |website=egazette.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Delimitation Order |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924222358/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2022 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituency map |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J&K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150644/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J&K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2023 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name="Chanapora Assembly Election Result 2024: JKNC's Mushtaq Guroo wins with a margin of 5688 votes">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Chanapora Assembly Election Result 2024: JKNC's Mushtaq Guroo wins with a margin of 5688 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/srinagar/chanapora-assembly-election-result-2024-winners-candidates-list-and-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/114013094.cms |access-date=15 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>
|Mushtaq Guroo
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Chanapora<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mushtaq Guroo]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=13,717 |percentage=53.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Syed Mohammad Altaf Bukhari]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party |votes=8,029 |percentage=31.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Iqbal Trumboo |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=1,450 |percentage=5.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hilal Ahmad Wani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=722 |percentage=2.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jibran Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=598 |percentage=2.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=355 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheeban Ashai |party=Independent politician |votes=225 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Showkat Ahmad Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=212 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,688 |percentage=22.37% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,431 |percentage=29.77% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,431 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Srinagar district]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2022]]

Elakshiben Thakore

2026-04-19T08:04:02Z

Bihar: Created a data

{{Short description|Indian dancer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Elakshiben Thakore
|image = Elakshiben thakore.jpg
|caption = Elakshiben Thakore at an event
|alt=elakshi thakore photo
|birth_date = {{birth date and age text|21 April 1936}}
|birth_place = Pune, India
|known_for = [[Bharatnatyam]] and [[Choreography]]
|occupation = {{hlist|Founder and Director, Nrityabharti Academy of Dance|[[Dancer]]|[[choreographer]]}}
|years_active = 1960–present
|education = [[M.Mus]], Specialization in [[Bharatnatyam]], with Theory on Dances of the World
|website = {{URL|http://www.nrityabharti.com|Webpage}}
}}

'''Kalaguru Smt. Elakshiben Thakore''' (born 21 April 1936) is one of the leading [[Bharatnatyam]] dancers in India. Trained from a very young age in the pristine purity of this traditional dance style, she showed a new pathway to the [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] artists by choreographing the dance compositions on [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Hindi]] poems.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Kalaguru Smt. Elakshiben Thakore| url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/artists-profiles/?data=Elakshi+Thakore| website=ccrtindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Elakshiben started dancing at the age of 18. She did her [[B.Mus]] and [[M.Mus]] from [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Kalaguru Smt. Elakshiben Thakore| url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/artists-profiles/?data=Elakshi+Thakore| website=ccrtindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== Career ==
Elakshiben founded Nrityabharti Academy of Dance<ref>{{cite web|title=Nrityabharti| url=http://nrityabharti.com/academic.html| website=Nrityabharti}}</ref> at Ahmedabad in 1960. Bharatnatyam, Tamil Nadu based classical dance (which was not so familiar dance form in late fifties and early sixties in Gujarat) became popular after her special efforts in compositions with Gujarati and Hindi poems. She adopted poems from literature and composed a full [[Bharatnatyam Margam]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Full Margam in Gujarati| url=https://narthaki.com/info/gtsk/gtsk72.html| website=Narthaki}}</ref> which brought rightful applauds, high acclaims and appreciation from press, critics and viewers. Till now, she has composed round about 200 dance recitals on Gujarati and Hindi literature, most notably poems from [[Mirabai]], [[Tulsidas]], [[Narsinh Mehta]], [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi]], [[Premanand Bhatt]], [[Sarojini Naidu]].{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

She served as a member of Sangeet Nritya Natya Academy of Gujarat from 1975 to 1995. She was appointed on the advisory board in [[Doordarshan]] Kendra, Ahmedabad between 1992-1995 and re-appointed between 2000 and 2008. She served as an advisor and expert for the dance at [[Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal]] - Miraj and Bruhad Gujarat Sangeet Samittee. She also served as an examiner in dance for [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] and University of Vallabh Vidhyanagar. She had been a member of the Expert Committee of dance in Gujarat University.<ref name="auto"/>

She conducted heritage summer camps at [[Stroudsburg]], [[Pennsylvania]] between 1984 and 1990<ref>{{cite web|title=The Times Leader from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania · 40| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/427724838/| website=newspapers.com| date=1985-08-21}}</ref>

She worked in Gujarat State Sangeet Natak Academy for several years and also contributed to drama by participating or leading in several Gujarati theatre plays, most notably ''Dharagurjari'', ''Ghela nu Gaam'', ''Idariyo Garh Jitya'', ''Muzaffar Shah'', ''Shetal ne Kaanthe'', ''Hoholika'', ''Bhagwad-ajukiyam''.

== Personal life ==
Elakshiben married late Arun Thakore,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arun Thakore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/arun-thakore-passes-away/articleshow/22956736.cms|website=The Times of India|date=24 September 2013 }}</ref> a veteran theatre personality, freedom fighter and founder of Rangmandal, Ahmedabad. Elakshiben and her son Chandan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandan Thakore|url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/showprofile.php?pn=chandan-thakore|website=ccrtindia.gov.in}}</ref> are currently running the dance academy at their Ahmedabad residence.

== Awards and honours ==
List of honours & awards<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elakshi Thakore|url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/artists-profiles/?data=Elakshi+Thakore|access-date=2022-05-01|website=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training}}</ref>

* 1979 - Awarded by Triveni, a leading cultural organisation of Baroda, for her contribution in classical dances
* 1981 - '''Gaurav Puraskar''', presented by Minister Shri Manoharsinhji Jadeja
* 1982 - Awarded by "Amruta" of Bombay for her creative work in Bharatnatyam
* 1999 - '''Potluri Award''' from USA Tennessee in recognition of her 40 years of outstanding services to Indian classical dance by "Abhinaya" institute of Dance, Mumbai
* 2002 - '''Nritya Yatra Award''' for her golden 50 years of dedicated services to the field of dance.
* 2006 - Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Award
* 2015 - Honoured by President of India, [[Pranab Mukherjee]] on 17 October 2015 in '''Indradhanush''' programme.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakore, Elakshiben}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
{{improve categories|date=January 2023}}

Devendra Rajesh Kothe

2026-04-19T05:28:32Z

Bihar: Created new info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Devendra Rajesh Kothe
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Devendra Kothe
| order =
| office1 = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2024
| term_end1 =
| constituency1 = [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central]]
| assembly = [[Solapur city central assembly|Solapur City Central]]
| country = [[India]]
| majority =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|09|8}}
| birth_place = Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| relations =
| children =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year = 2024
| preceded1 = [[Praniti Shinde]]
}}

'''Devendra Rajesh Kothe''' is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devendra Rajesh Kothe(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SOLAPUR CITY CENTRAL(SOLAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=725 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> He is a member of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] and a member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency]] during the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024 Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="DNA India2">{{Cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results November-2024 Assembly Constituency 249 - SOLAPUR CITY CENTRAL (Maharashtra) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13249.htm |access-date=23 November 2024 |newspaper=Election Commission of India]}}</ref><ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Solapur City Central">{{cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Solapur City Central |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13249.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114052054/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13249.htm |archivedate=14 January 2025 |accessdate=14 January 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Solapur City Central Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=Solapur City Central Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/solapur-city-central |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114052010/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/solapur-city-central |archivedate=14 January 2025 |accessdate=14 January 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Devendra Kothe was born on 8 September 1990. He did his schooling at [[Solapur]]. He completed his graduation from [[Pune]].<ref name="My Neta">{{Cite news|date=23 November 2024|title=Devendra Kothe Education Details]|url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=725|access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref> He was previously a counsellor from [[Solapur Municipal Corporation]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothe, Devendra Rajesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Solapur]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Pork bafat

2026-04-17T09:38:11Z

Bihar:

{{Short description|Indian pork dish}}

{{Infobox food
| image = Pork Bafat.jpg
| alternative_name = Dukra Maas
| course = Main Course
| region = [[Mangaluru]]/[[Goa]]
| associated_cuisine = [[Mangalorean Catholic cuisine]]
}}

'''Pork bafat''' (also known as ''dukra maas'') is a spicy pork curry from the [[Mangalorean Catholic]] community in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-15 |title=The regions rule! |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-regions-rule/cid/1318905 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-18 |title=Have you had these seven iconic Mangalore dishes? |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/lifestyle-gallery/seven-iconic-mangalore-dishes-2759297-foodie/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The dish is characterized by its flavor, which comes from slow-cooking the pork in a spice blend called [[bafat]] powder.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=10 Best Christmas Food From Around the World! {{!}} Outlook India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/international/us/10-best-christmas-food-from-around-the-world--news-337288 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Outlook US |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-18 |title=One Direction: South High talks the talk, but cannot walk the walk |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/one-direction-south-high-talks-the-talk-but-cannot-walk-the-walk/story-EHuE77FNMxe008DfQg73qI.html |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It is a close relative of [[sarapatel]].

The bafat powder is a unique blend of spices (including [[red chillies]], [[coriander seed]], [[cumin]], [[peppercorns]], [[turmeric]], and sometimes [[mustard seed]] and [[clove]]) and the [[Byadagi chilli]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heard Of Bafat Masala? Easy Way To Make This Traditional Spice Mix At Home |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/heard-of-bafat-masala-easy-way-to-make-this-traditional-spice-mix-at-home-4239162 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250518073510/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/heard-of-bafat-masala-easy-way-to-make-this-traditional-spice-mix-at-home-4239162 |archive-date=2025-05-18 |access-date=2025-12-06 |work=NDTV Food}}</ref> Some other ingredients include [[vinegar]] and [[tamarind]].<ref name="ruchikrandap.com""> {{Cite web |last=Sequeira |first=Shireen |date=2010-02-26 |title=Pork Bafat {{!}} Dukra Maas |url=https://www.ruchikrandhap.com/pork-bafa/ |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=Ruchik Randhap |language=en-US}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-27 |title=Same, but different: The many avatars of kousid, bafad, and salmi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/same-but-different-the-many-avatars-of-kousid-bafad-and-salmi-7215516/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dias |first=Raul |date=2022-12-12 |title=How Goa and Brazil are united by Christmas recipes |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/food/how-goa-and-brazil-are-united-by-christmas-recipes-111670815157415.html |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

This dish is usually made on Sunday in every Mangalorean Catholic house.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poster |first=Gastro |date=2014-06-04 |title=Dukra maas: a savory Mangalorean Catholic Sunday ritual |url=https://nationalpost.com/appetizer/dukra-maas-a-savory-mangalorean-catholic-sunday-ritual |url-status=live |website=nationalpost.com}}</ref> It is usually served with [[sanna (dish)|sanna]] or pav (an Indo-Portuguese style [[bread roll]]).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-12-05 |title=They follow a mix of western, local customs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/they-follow-a-mix-of-western-local-customs/articleshow/17485907.cms |access-date=2025-12-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which are perfect for a thick gravy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Mangalorean pork masala |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/food/the-cook-up-with-adam-liaw/recipe/mangalorean-pork-masala/v887xgrrk |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=SBS Food |language=en}}</ref>

The pork kaliz ankiti is made in the same fashion but with the heart, the lungs and the intestines of the pig.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quadros |first=Eugine |date=2021-09-02 |title=Mangalorean Pork Ragthi {{!}} Pork Kaliz Ankiti {{!}}Pork Offal {{!}} Pork Boti |url=https://spicesandaromas.com/pork-ragthi-kaliz-ankiti-pork-boti/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=spicesandaromas.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Pork dishes]]
[[Category:Mangalorean cuisine]]

{{India-cuisine-stub}}
{{pork-stub}}

Satguru Ram Singh

2026-04-13T20:35:36Z

Bihar:

{{Short description|Namdhari Sikh spiritual leader (1816–1885)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| name = Ram Singh
| honorific prefix = Satguru
| predecessor1 = [[Balak Singh|Guru Balak Singh]]
| title = saint of the Namdhari Sikhs(a class of sikhism)
| successor1 = [[Satguru Hari Singh|Guru Hari Singh]]
| office1 = Guru of the [[Namdharis]]
| birth_place = Raiyan village (Sri Bhaini Sahib), Punjab
| image = Detail of Ram Singh from an equestrian painting of him with his retinue (including his appointed governors), he was the second Namdhari Guru (cropped).jpg
| birth_date = 3 February 1816
| location = Sri Bhaini Sahib
| father = Baba Jassa Singh
| mother = Mata Sada Kaur
| birthname = Ram Singh Tarkhan
| honorific suffix = Ji
| spouse = Mata Jassan
| children = Bibi Daya Kaur Bibi Nand Kaur
| term_start1 = 1841
| term_end1 = 17 January 1872
| sect = [[Namdhari]]
| caption = Equestrian painting of Ram Singh Kuka
| death_place = Mergui, Burma (now Myeik, Myanmar)
| death_date = 29 November 1885; this information is contested by Namdhari Sikhs
}}
'''Namdhari Guru Ram Singh'''  (3 February 1816 – 1885<ref name="brit" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Satguru Ram Singh Ji |url=http://www.namdhari-world.com/satguru_ram_singh_ji.html |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.namdhari-world.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattarcharya |first=Sabyasachi |title=DICTIONARY OF MARTYRS: INDIA'S FREEDOM STRUGGLE (1857-1947) |publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7831-222-4 |pages=270}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Satguru Ram Singh Ji - the saint |url=http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/gurus/Ram%20Singh/Guru%20Ram%20Singh.htm |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www.sikh-heritage.co.uk}}</ref>{{Efn|Followers of the Namdhari sect contest that he died in 1885 and believe he is still alive as per their beliefs.|group=note}}) is known to the [[Namdhari]] [[Sects of Sikhism|sect]] of [[Sikhism]] as the (religious leader), whilst for mainstream Sikhs such as [[Damdami Taksal]] and [[Nihang]]s, he is regarded as a 'Saint' and not a Guru. He is credited as being the first Indian to use non-cooperation and boycott of British goods and services as a political tool. He was exiled to [[Rangoon]], [[British rule in Burma|Burma (Myanmar)]] by the British colonial government of India on 18 January 1872.<ref name="brit" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Das |first1=Darshana |last2=Stefon |first2=Matt |last3=Singh |first3=Tajinder |last4=Parrott-Sheffer |first4=Chelsey |last5=Shukla |first5=Gaurav |date=21 April 2011 |title=Namdhari |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Namdhari |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, the Government of India officially decided to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Satguru Ram Singh.<ref name=brit/><ref>Press Information Bureau, Government of India issued on 16 December 2016</ref> The Punjab Government organizes state-level functions on his birth anniversary and has declares a holiday on this occasion.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Dr. Amarjit |title=Sri Bhaini Sahib - Raiyan |publisher=Bhasha Vibhaag (Language Department), Punjab |year=2021 |pages=46 |language=Punjabi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/high-court-denies-bail-in-namdhari-land-clash-cites-societal-impact/articleshow/122960436.cms |url=https://www.cityairnews.com/content/state-level-function-to-mark-209th-birth-anniversary-of-satguru-ram-singh-ji-on-february-2 }}</ref> His portrait is displayed at the Indian Parliament and at the Railway Station, Ludhiana.<ref name=":8" />

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
Namdhari Guru Ram Singh was born in a small-farming [[Tarkhan (Punjab)|Tarkhan]] family to mother Sada Kaur and father Jassa Singh.<ref name="brit" /> He lived in the village of Raiyan, near Sri Bhaini Sahib, [[Ludhiana]]. He was nurtured by his mother in the traditions of [[Guru Nanak]] and was taught to read and write in Punjabi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bajwa |first=Fauja Singh |title=Kuka Movement: An important phase in Punjab's role in India's struggle for freedom (Punjab History Forum Series no. 1) |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1965 |pages=}}</ref> Namdhari Guru Ram Singh spent 20 years of his life attending to the family business.

=== Service in the military of the Sikh Empire ===
Later, his father sent him to the army of the [[Sikh Empire]] at age 20.<ref name="brit">{{Cite web |last1=Duignan |first1=Brian |last2=Singh |first2=Gurdev |last3=Promeet |first3=Dutta |date=22 January 2016 |title=Ram Singh - Indian Philosopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Singh |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> As the empire fell apart after the death of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], concerns over British power and Sikh decline led him to galvanize his followers (of mostly humble origin) to proclaim a new "Sant Khalsa" to restore Sikh prestige.<ref name="brit" />

=== Meeting with Guru Balak Singh ===
Namdhari Guru Ram Singh was a member of a unit of [[Nau Nihal Singh|Prince Naunihal Singh]]'s platoon, the Baghel Regiment. His regiment was sent to [[Peshawar]] to bring the royal coffers. On its way back, the unit rested at Hazro Fort, now in Pakistan. It is said that Namdhari Guru Ram Singh and some soldiers of his regiment went to meet Guru [[Balak Singh]] of the [[Namdhari]]s. Guru Balak Singh was overjoyed to see Ram Singh and according to folklore told him: "I had been waiting for you."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anjan |first=Tara Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyuYDQAAQBAJ&q=Prince+Naunihal+Singh+platoon&pg=PT22 |title=Satguru Ram Singh and Kuka Movement |date= |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India |isbn=978-81-230-1790-7 |pages=14 |language=}}</ref> He told Guru Ram Singh that he was the next in line to him.

Guru Ram Singh became a disciple of Guru Balak Singh.<ref name="brit" /> Guru Balak Singh gave him "''Patasha''" (sugar bubbles), a coconut, five ''paise'' coins and took five rounds around him in reverence and bowed before him, making him his successor. Guru Balak Singh appointed Guru Ram Singh as his successor before his death.<ref name="brit" />

=== ''Sant Khalsa'' (Saint Khalsa) ===
The reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh brought the much needed law and order in the North-Western region of India. The region flourished along many dimensions. However, the luxury of empire also led to moral degeneration. The majority of Sikhs had taken to drinking, consumption of opium and poppy and other vices.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanehi |first=Swaran Singh |title=Social Milieu in Punjab and the Kuka Movement. In: Re-Exploring Baba Ram Singh and Namdhari Movement. |publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-302-0259-4 |pages=41}}</ref>

Guru Ram Singh was wary of the political, cultural, and spiritual decline of the Sikhs and worried about the growing influence of the British on the horizon and what it meant for the community.<ref name="brit" /><ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Dharam |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2002 |isbn=8173801002 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=4th |volume=1: A-D |pages=265–266 |chapter=B - Balak Singh}}</ref> Therefore, Guru Ram Singh attempted to reform the Sikhs to meet these challenges.<ref name="brit" />
[[File:Equestrian painting of Ram Singh Kuka with his retinue (including his five appointed governors), he was the second Namdhari Guru.jpg|thumb|Equestrian painting of Guru Ram Singh with his retinue (including his six appointed governors known as ''subas'')]]
Namdhari Guru Ram Singh administered ''Khande di Pahul'' ([[Amrit Sanchar]]) to 5 Sikhs: Kahn Singh Nihang of village Chak, Labh Singh Ragi of Amritsar, Atma Singh of Alo Muhar village, Bhai Naina Singh Wariyah, and Sudh Singh of village Durgapur. Afterwards, several people from the congregation took ''amrit''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanehi |first=Swaran Singh |url=https://archive.org/details/ForemostFreedomFighters/mode/2up |title=Foremost Freedom Fighters |publisher=Deportation Centenary Committee |location=Maidenhead, Berks}}</ref> It is noted within the British Archives as well as Giani Gian Singh's [[Naveen Panth Prakash|Panth Parkash]] that within 10 years Satguru Ram Singh baptized a large number of people with ''amrit''.<ref>Panth Parkash, Giani Gian Singh Vol.7</ref> Namdhari Sikhs were also referred to as Kukas, a name given by the public due to spiritually ecstatic behavior of the members of the sect at religious functions.<ref name=":0" /> Sardar [[Kapur Singh]] remarked, 'Undoubtedly, Baba Ram Singh preached the same path and principles which had been told to Indians by Guru Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh and the ten Gurus.'<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Sardar Kapur |title=Sapt Shring |publisher=Lahore Book Shop |year=1980 |edition=Student |location=Ludhiana |pages=14 |language=Punjabi |trans-title=Life-character of seven truthful, great personalities}}</ref>

=== Socio-religious reforms ===
[[File:Painting of a Namdhari or Kuka (Sikh sect) congregation with an opened scripture.jpg|thumb|Painting of a Namdhari or Kuka congregation of Guru Ram Singh performing ''[[Katha (storytelling format)|katha]]'' (Sikh religious discourse lecture) with an opened [[Sikh scriptures|scripture]] of [[Guru Granth Sahib]]]]
Theologically, the origin of Namdhari movement is located in the Sikh tradition of ''[[Naam Japo|Nam-simran]]'' (mediation on the [[Names of God in Sikhism|name of God]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Joginder |title=A Short history of Namdhari Sikhs of Punjab |publisher=Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7770-156-2 |pages=20}}</ref> All vices like drinking, consumption of intoxicants and meat were strongly abhorred.<ref name=":1" /> His predecessor, Guru Balak Singh, had merely stressed upon the importance of chanting God's name as the only righteous religious ritual.<ref name=":2" /> Guru Ram Singh however would introduce many new elements into the orthodoxy and orthopraxy of the sect.<ref name=":2" />

Namdhari Guru Ram Singh made it a convention to read the Sikh scriptures, Sri Aadi Guru Granth Sahib ([[Guru Granth Sahib]]) and Sri Dasam Guru Granth Sahib ([[Dasam Granth]]) daily.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anjan |first=Tara Singh |title=Satguru Ram Singh and Kuka Movement |publisher=Publications Division. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-230-1790-7 |pages=28}}</ref> He directed all the holy Scriptures to be taken out of ''almirahs'' (wardrobe, cabinet, or cupboard) and placed with respect in places of worship, and that they be read regularly. He had forbidden the worship of tombs and the dead.

Guru Ram Singh's religious ideals were influenced by his predecessor, however his socio-political, martial reforms and ideology was influenced by [[Bhai Maharaj Singh]].<ref name=":03" />

The sect under his direction has been described as more puritanical and fundamentalist in-comparison to other Sikh sects of the day.<ref name="brit" /> They visually stood-out compared to other Sikhs, as they wore only handwoven white robes, wore distinctively-styled [[Dastar|turbans]], carried wooden staves and wool rosaries, and they used unique greetings and passwords only familiar to fellow members of their sect.<ref name="brit" /> Their gurdwaras (places of worship) were very simple and this was by design rather than circumstance.<ref name="brit" />

Furthermore, Namdhari Guru Ram Singh introduced a distinctive method of reciting and performing singing of ''[[gurbani]]'' in [[kirtan]] performances in-which members of the congregation would shriek near the end in ecstasy.<ref name=":2" /> This earned the sect the alternative name of ''kuka'', from the ''kuk'' shrieks they would make.<ref name=":2" />

Guru Ram Singh taught that the Namdhari sect was the "clean" one due to its devotion to God, and those who killed animals and consumed liquor were ''[[mleccha]]'' ("unclean").<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oberoi |first=Harjot |year=1992 |title=Brotherhood of the Pure: The Poetics and Politics of Cultural Transgression. |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=157–197|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00015985 |s2cid=144217480 }}</ref>

In 1863, the colonial authorities perceived the visit of Guru Ram Singh in Amritsar as an attempt to declare himself as the reincarnation of Guru Gobind Singh, but a crackdown by the colonial police prevented him from doing so.<ref name="brit" /> He had planned to establish a new "Kuka Khalsa" after the declaration.<ref name="brit" /> After the police crackdown, Guru Ram Singh had been restricted to only his native village for an indefinite period of time by the colonial authorities.<ref name="brit" />

=== Women empowerment ===
A revolutionary step taken by Namdhari Guru Ram Singh was to administer ''amrit'' to women.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Divedi |first=Renu |title=Womwn in the Namdhari Movement. In: Re-Exploring Baba Ram Singh and Namdhari Movement |publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-302-0259-4 |pages=86}}</ref> The ill practices of child marriage, female infanticide, swapping of wives and sale of girls, prevalent in the then Punjab, were vehemently opposed by Namdhari Guru Ram Singh. British officials had noted that trafficking in women was a lucrative 'money making scheme' in Punjab during those times.<ref name=":1" /> Namdhari Guru Ram Singh drastically reduced the cost of marriage and introduced simplicity in the ceremony. He organized simple marriages through the ''Gurmat'' ritual of ''anand karaj'' for the first time in village Khote in 1863.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Joginder |title=Namdhari Guru Ram Singh |publisher=National Book Trust of India |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-237-5918-0 |edition=1st |pages=57–58}}</ref> The priestly class got worried on the introduction of this simple ritual and fearing loss of income, reported to the imperial British authorities. Thereafter, Namdhari Guru Ram Singh was placed under house arrest for some time.

One woman was appointed a ''Suba'' by Satguru Ram Singh. She had been influential in propagating the message of ''Sikhi'' among people. Recognising her contributions, the President of India Giani Zail Singh led initiative and name a doorway Gate No. 37 of the Indian Parliament as 'Hukmi Mai Marg'.<ref>{{Cite news |title=हुक्मी माई, राष्ट्रपति भवन और दो राष्ट्रपति |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/dil-se-delhi/how-is-delhi/where-is-hukmi-mai-road/articleshow/67689525.cms |work=Navbharat Times}}</ref>

=== Contributions to the Indian independence movement ===
Guru Ram Singh aimed to restore Sikh-rule over the region and needed to oust the British in-order to do so.<ref name=":2" />

One aim of Namdhari Guru Ram Singh was to orient the strength of people towards freedom and the first step to undertake this task, was to introduce reform of their character and prevent the downfall of the Sikhs everywhere.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nayyar |first=G.S. |title=Namdhari Movement: Background in Historical Perspective. In: Re-Exploring Baba Ram Singh and Namdhari Movement |publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-302-0259-4 |pages=55}}</ref> Namdhari movement also endeavored to establish contacts with foreign countries towards the aim of Indian Independence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattarcharya |first=Sabyasachi |title=DICTIONARY OF MARTYRS: INDIA'S FREEDOM STRUGGLE (1857-1947) Vol. 1. Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh (1857-1919) |publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7831-222-4}}</ref> Namdhari Sikhs made contacts with Kashmir, Nepal and Russia.<ref name=":0" /> The Namdhari movement was religious, social and political since the beginning.<ref name=":0" /> The religious and social work was carried out in the open, while political agenda was carried on covertly.

Ram Singh established a secret, private postal service composed of trusted couriers as they did not trust the British-established postal system out of fear that intel would leak to their colonial enemies.<ref name="brit" />

Namdhari Sikhs were against the imperial British policy of cultural intervention. The British imperialists had supported anti-social elements to wedge a divide among Punjabis by encouraging cow slaughter, a practice that was completely banned in the Sikh empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yasmin |first=Robina |title=Muslims under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-7556-4032-4}}</ref>

=== Perceived sacrilege of the Golden Temple complex ===
[[File:1860s photo of the Amritsar Golden Temple with the British style Gothic Clock Tower.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the Golden Temple at Amritsar by an unknown photographer in the 1860s, showing the Gothic-style clock-tower under construction, from the Crofton Collection.]]
Similarly, other changes were brought, one of which was construction of a tall, Gothic cathedral style Clock Tower in the vicinity of [[Golden Temple]], the sacred place of Sikhs. The management of Golden Temple was practically entirely in the hands of the imperial Government and there was no care among the priestly class for Sikh sentiments.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kapur |title=The Golden Temple: its Theo-Political Status |publisher=Academy of Sikh Religion and Culture |year=1984 |pages=17}}</ref> The Clock Tower, whose construction started in 1864, was built by demolishing the structures ''Bunga'' of Kanwar Naunihal Singh and the ''Attari'' of Rani Sada Kaur, which were very dear to the Sikhs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arshi |first=PS |title=The Golden Temple: History, Art and Architecture |publisher=Harman Publishing House |year=1989 |isbn=81-85151-25-3 |pages=30}}</ref>

Sirdar [[Kapur Singh]], Sikh scholar and the author of the [[Anandpur Sahib Resolution]], mentioned the conditions of Amritsar, specifically Golden Temple, when the Namdhari Sikhs prepared to confront the colonially-sponsored anti-social elements. He remarks, '...the (imperial) Britishers made public kine-killing lawful and general in the annexed Punjab and gratuitously and devilishly established a public kine-slaughter house adjoining to the precincts of the Golden Temple which also they had annexed.'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kapur |title=Sikhism and the Sikhs |publisher=Printwell, Amritsar |year=2011 |pages=263}}</ref>

=== Conflict with butchers and subsequent punishment by the colonial British government ===
The social harmony of the region was largely under threat due to the issue of cow slaughter. In the late nineteenth century, the support of colonial administration to kine-killing had become publicly evident, and was reported in a number of newspapers like ''Aftab-i-Punjab'' (Lahore), ''Wasir-ul-Mulk'' (Sialkot), ''Koh-i-Nur'' (Lahore), which explicitly stated that "''kine-killing was done by the orders of the authorities who 'desired that disharmony should prevail' between Hindus and Muslims''.<ref name=":4" />" Way back in 1862, the Maharaja of Patiala had petitioned for introduction of a bill to ban the sale of beef in India, while acting as a member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council. However, this proposal was rejected by the council.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |author=Dharampal |title=The British Origin of Cow-Slaughter in India |publisher=Society for Integrated Development of Himalayas |year=2002 |isbn=81-87827-04-1 |pages=25}}</ref>

By this time, as Namdharis were the only ones who were actively propagating against the British and were under strict British surveillance,<ref name=":0" /> the imperial Government was keen on false propaganda against them using temple functionaries.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Cole |first=W Owen |title=Understanding Sikhism |publisher=Dunedin Academic Press |year=2004 |isbn=9781903765159}}</ref> The British authorities were keeping an eye on the supposed prophesies of the British being vanquished by Ram Singh and as the time was passing by, they reported that an urgency of an action was vouched by certain members of the sect.<ref name="brit" /> The sect targeted the butchers in Amritsar, who were being supported by the imperial Government.<ref name="brit" /><ref name=":0" />

In January 1872, an argument took place between a Muslim butcher and a Sikh, Gurmukh Singh Namdhari at Muslim-dominated Punjabi locality and princely state Malerkotla.<ref name=":3" /> The argument was over the harsh treatment being meted out to the ox by his owner. The Muslim judge who tried the case ordered the ox to be slaughtered in presence of Gurmukh Singh to hurt his sentiments. This provoked a group of Namdharis, who descended upon [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], where they attacked the local butchers.<ref name="brit" /> The police managed to subdue the turmoil and arrested many Namdharis as instigators of the civil conflict.<ref name="brit" /> The British were extremely worried about the potential of a possible uprising and treated this case as one, thus they decided to enact a barbaric punishment on the accused.<ref name="brit" /> The prisoners were "[[Blowing from a gun|bound over the mouths of cannons and blown to bits]]."<ref name="brit" /> The Namdharis contest this information, stating that the Kuka prisoners faced cannon shots from the front.

=== Contact established with Russians ===

After homegrown attempts at forcing the British out of India having failed, Guru Ram Singh turned to petitioning the assistance of foreign powers for his goal of independence.<ref name="brit" /> He turned his attention toward the Russian Empire, a hostile state of the British.<ref name="brit" />[[File:Letter authored by Ram Singh Kuka directed to the czar of Russia, requesting him to help fight against the British imperialists in India.jpg|thumb|Letter authored by Guru Ram Singh directed to the [[Tsar|czar]] of Russia, requesting him to help fight against the British imperialists in India. Courtesy of the Russian embassy in Delhi.]]
Baba Gurcharan Singh, a Namdhari Sikh, succeeded in establishing contacts with Russian authorities in 1879 and was referred to as 'The ambassador from the priest of the Punjab Sikhs arrives in Samarkand' in the consular files of Turkestan Governor-General.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=P.C. |title=Gurcharan Singh's Mission in Central Asia. In: Re-Exploring Baba Ram Singh and Namdhari Movement. |publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-302-0259-4 |pages=79}}</ref>

The Russians declined to assist Guru Ram Singh in his endeavor as they were wary of embroiling themselves in a war with the British.<ref name="brit" />

=== Persecution and exile ===
The Sikh sentiments were largely hurt by the provincial Government's supported actions, but they were helpless and none dared to challenge the imperial Government. Given these developments which threatened the cultural milieu of Punjab in general, and of the Sikhs in particular, Namdhari Sikhs engaged in conflicts with the imperial Government-sponsored anti-social elements, leading to clashes in 1871 and 1872.<ref name=":0" />

As a result, the British would arrest and execute 65 Namdharis in January 1872.<ref name=":2" /> They were executed by being blown from the gun (cannon).<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Letter from Namdhari Guru Ram Singh to the Sikh sangat (congregation).jpg|thumb|Letter from Namdhari Guru Ram Singh to the Sikh ''sangat'' (congregation)]]
The British authorities inflicted terrible punishments on Namdhari Sikhs and Guru Ram Singh was exiled. Namdhari Guru Ram Singh kept communicating with his disciples in Punjab through the means of secret letters termed ''[[Hukamnama]]s''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Navtej |title='Hukamnamas' of Baba Ram Singh: Impressions and Apprehensions of the Namdhari Movement. In: Re-Exploring Baba Ram Singh and Namdhari Movement |publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-302-0259-4 |pages=91}}</ref> These, along with his brother Namdhari Guru Hari Singh, kept the morale of largely persecuted Sikhs high and they remained and worked as the opponents of British imperialism. The movement continued its efforts and later collaborated with [[Indian National Congress]] in civil disobedience movement.<ref name=":0" />"

=== Disputed passing ===
According to the British, Guru Ram Singh died in exile on 29 November 1885 in [[Myeik, Myanmar|Mergui]], Burma (now Myeik, Myanmar).<ref name="brit" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jaswinder |title=Kuka Movement: Freedom Struggle in Punjab, Documents, 1880-1903 A.D. |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |year=1985 |isbn=9788171560813 |pages=224–29}}</ref> However, the Namdhari sect heavily disputes this as per their beliefs, they are convinced that he remains alive till the present-day.<ref name="brit" /> They further believe he shall return one day to lead their community once again.<ref name="brit" />

A telegraph issued from Rangoon on 8 December 1885 reports on the death of Guru Ram Singh to "old-age", "diarrhea", and "general debility".<ref name=":5" /> According to Sikh historian [[Jaswinder Singh (novelist)|Jaswinder Singh]], the telegraph's contents claiming Guru Ram Singh had died is contradicted by a letter written by [[Charles Bernard (civil servant)|Charles Bernard]], Chief Commissioner of British Burma, on 23 August 1886, addressed to Atar Singh of Bhadaur, that "Ram Singh, Kuka, is going to be transferred to a more remote spot, where communication with him will be less easy".<ref name=":5" /> Furthermore, Jaswinder Singh notes "... the Jail Report Statement No. XVI — Vital, showing the deaths of convicts in the jails and subsidiary jails of British Burma, during the year 1885, does not list any death at Mergui due to 'Dysentery and Diarrhoea.' The column No. I in the proforma has been kept blank."<ref name=":5" /> Also, Jaswinder Singh states that after Guru Hari Singh (brother of Guru Ram Singh) received the claimed personal items of Guru Ram Singh after his brother's alleged death, the items he received did not belong to his brother.<ref name=":5" /> Jaswinder Singh concludes the following: "It can, therefore, be concluded that Guru Ram Singh did not expire; on 29th November 1885. Either he was transferred to a ‘more remote spot’ as intimated by the Chief Commissioner of British Burma, or disappeared quietly from the prison."<ref name=":5" /><gallery>
File:Telegram from Rangoon, British Burma reporting the supposed death of Ram Singh Kuka, 8 December 1885 (one).jpg|Telegram from Rangoon, British Burma reporting the supposed death of Ram Singh Kuka, 8 December 1885 (one)
File:Telegram from Rangoon, British Burma reporting the supposed death of Ram Singh Kuka, 8 December 1885 (two).jpg|Second part of the telegram
File:Jail Report Statement No. XVI — Vital, showing the deaths of convicts in the jails and subsidiary jails of British Burma, during the year 1885.jpg|Jail Report Statement No. XVI — Vital, showing the deaths of convicts in the jails and subsidiary jails of British Burma, during the year 1885
</gallery>

== Legacy ==

=== Views of eminent personalities ===
[[File:Satguru Ram Singh Ji.jpg|thumb|''Satguru Ram Singh Ji'', painted by Sant Waryam Singh 'Musavar', circa 20th century]]
If the whole nation understands the path of Non-cooperation shown to the nation by Satguru Ram Singh, then in few days India can get herself counted among the independent nations of the world. - Jawahar Lal Nehru, Indian freedom fighter<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Nihal |title=Sri Satguru Ram Singh Ji (Vidvana di nazar vichh) |publisher=Namdhari Darbar |location=New Delhi |publication-date=1985 |pages=42 |trans-title=Sri Satguru Ram Singh Ji (from the eyes of scholars)}}</ref>

The country will always feel proud of the sacrifices given by Namdhari under the banner of freedom fight initiated by Guru Ram Singh, now again there's going to be a test of love for the nation of the Indians. - Subhash Chandra Bose, Indian freedom fighter<ref name=":6" />

Guru Ram Singh considered independence as an element of religion. The task of non-cooperation campaigned vehemently by Mahatma Gandhi was propagated by Guru Ram Singh fifty years back among the Namdharis. - Rajendra Prasad, Indian freedom fighter

The revered Baba Ram Singh Ji was truly a transformational personality of the century. - S. Shamsher Singh Ashok, Research scholar<ref name=":6" />

I cannot deny the fact that he (Guru Ram Singh) reinvigorated ''Gurmat'' among the Sikhs and taught patriotism to Sikhs by starting non-cooperation movement against the foreign Government. - Master Tara Singh, Akali leader<ref name=":6" />

Subsequent to Guru Gobind Singh, only Baba Ram Singh has been a braveheart in India. Because of this, it was natural for the faithful ones to see him as a reflection of Guru Gobind Singh. - Sardar Kapur Singh, ICS, Former DC<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

== Gallery ==

{{Empty section|date=November 2025}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Sikh gurus]]
[[Category:Indian Sikh religious leaders]]

India at the 2014 Asian Para Games

2026-04-11T19:54:41Z

Bihar:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NPCname = [[Paralympic Committee of India]]
| year = 2014
| date = 18–24 October 2014
| games = Asian Para Games
| location = [[2014 Asian Para Games|Incheon]]
| competitors = 87
| sports =
| flagbearer =
| officials =
| gold = 3
| silver = 14
| bronze = 16
| rank = 15
| appearances = auto
| winterappearances =
| youthappearances =
| seealso =
| website = {{URL|paralympicindia.org.in}}
}}

==Competitors==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Sport !! Men !! Women !! Total
|-
| align=center|[[Archery at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Archery]] || 6 || 2 || 8
|-
| align=center|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]] || 36 || 4 || 40
|-
| align=center|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Badminton]] || 7 || 1 || 8
|-
| align=center|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Judo]] || 4 || 3 || 7
|-
| align=center|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Swimming]] || 4 || 0 || 5
|-
| align=center|[[Shooting at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Shooting]] || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| align=center|[[Powerlifting at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]] || 2 || 1 || 3
|-
| align=center|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Table tennis]] || 8 || 5 || 12
|-
| align=center|[[Wheelchair fencing at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Wheelchair fencing]] || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
! Total || 70 || 16 || 86
|}

==Medalists==
{{Col-begin}}
| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Medal
!Name
!Sport
!Event
|-
|align=left|{{Gold medal}}
|align=left|[[Amit Kumar Saroha]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Club Throw – F31/32/51
|-
|align=left|{{Gold medal}}
|align=left|[[Sharad Kumar (athlete)|Sharad Kumar]]
|align=left|Men's High Jump – T42/44/47
|-
|align=left|{{Gold medal}}
|align=left|[[Parul Parmar]]
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]
|align=left|Women's Singles SL 3
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Sandeep Singh Maan]]
|align=left rowspan=4|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Men 200m – T47
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Amit Kumar Saroha]]
|align=left|Men Discus Throw – F51/52/53
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|align=left|Men's Javelin Throw – F46
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Ramkiaran Singh]]
|align=left|Men 800m – T13
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Sharath Gayakwad]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Swimming]]
|align=left|Men's 200m Individual Medley SM8
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Narender Ranbir]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Men's Javelin Throw – F42/44
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Deepa Malik]]
|align=left|Women's Javelin Throw – F53/54
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Manoj Sarkar]]
|align=left rowspan=4|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]
|align=left|Men's Singles SL 3
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Tarun Dhillon]]
|align=left|Men's Singles SL 4
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]] Rakesh Pandey
|align=left|Men's Doubles SU5
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]] [[Parul Parmar]]
|align=left|Mixed Doubles SL 3–SU 5
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Ankur Dhama]]
|align=left rowspan=5|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Men's 800m – T11
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|[[Sandeep Singh Maan]]
|align=left|Men's 400m – T47
|-
|align=left|{{Silver medal}}
|align=left|Santhamuthuvel Kesavan
|align=left|Men's Discus Throw – F44
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Ankur Dhama]]
|align=left|Men's 1500m – T11
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|Men's 5000m – T11
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Farman Basha]]
|align=left|[[Powerlifting at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]]
|align=left|Men 49kg
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Girisha Nagarajegowda]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Men's High Jump – T42/44/47
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Sharath Gayakwad]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Swimming]]
|align=left|Men's 100m Butterfly S8
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|Men's 100m Breaststroke SB8
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Karamjyoti Dalal]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Women's Discus Throw – F55/56
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Pramod Bhagat]]
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]
|align=left|Men's Singles SL 3
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|Prasanta Karmakar
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Swimming]]
|align=left|Men's 100m Breaststroke SB9
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Karamjyoti Dalal]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]
|align=left|Woman Shot Put – F55/56
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Shavaad Jedikere]]
|align=left|Men's 800m – T11
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|Karmpal|Jaydeep Singh|Manoharan Janakiraman|Ramesh Kumar}}}}
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Judo]]
|align=left|Men Team
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|Vijayashanthi Ravi|Priyanka Ghumre|Pappathi Chinnaswamy}}}}
|align=left|Women's Team
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Sharath Gayakwad]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games|Swimming]]
|align=left|Men's 50m Freestyle S8
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|India
|align=left|Men's 4x100 Relay Medley 34P
|-
|align=left|{{Bronze medal}}
|align=left|[[Sharath Gayakwad]]
|align=left|Men's 100m Backstroke S8
|}
| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; float:right"
|-
!colspan=5|'''Medals by sport'''
|-
|'''Sport'''
! style="background:#f7f6a8;"|[[File:Gold medal icon.svg|alt=gold|link=]]
! style="background:#dce5e5;"|[[File:Silver medal icon.svg|alt=silver|link=]]
! style="background:#ffdab9;"|[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|alt=bronze|link=]]
!'''Total'''
|-
|align=left|Athletics|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|2|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|9|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|6||17
|-
|align=left|Badminton|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|1|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|4|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|1||6
|-
|align=left|Swimming|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|6||7
|-
|align=left|Judo|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|2||2
|-
|align=left|Powerlifting|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|1||1
|-
!'''Total'''
! style="background:gold;" |'''3'''
! style="background:silver;" |'''14'''
! style="background:#c96;" |'''16'''
! '''33'''
|}
|
{{col-end}}

==Archery==

;Compound
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!rowspan=2|Qualification Rank
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semi-final
!Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|Satendr Mirey
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Archery at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Individual|Men's Individual]]
|20
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Shinichi Terasaka|Terasaka]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 129–137
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Vilas Dawane
|22
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Tadatsugu Otsuka|Otsuka]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 132–136
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Tarif
|15
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Abdygan Aikynbayev|Aikynbayev]]|KAZ|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 132–131
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Shin Dong-heon|Shin D-h]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 115–143
|colspan="3"|Did Not Advance
|}

;Recurve

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!rowspan=2|Qualification Rank
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semi-final
!Final
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|Amol Boriwale
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Archery at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Individual|Men's Individual]]
|28
|{{bye}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Hanreuchai Netsiri|Netsiri]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–6
|colspan="4"|Did Not Advance
|-
|Rajesh Kumar
|27
|{{bye}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Mustafa Kazem|Kazem]]|IRQ|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 6–4
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Tomohiro Ueyama|Ueyama]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 6–0
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Zhao Lixue|Zhao Lx]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–6
|colspan="3"|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Jyoti Baliyan
|align=left|[[Archery at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual|Women individual]]
|16
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Tuwariyah]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 6–0
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Zahra Nemati|Nemati]]|IRI|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–6
|colspan="4"|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Jyoti Baliyan Rajesh Kumar
|align=left|[[Archery at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Mixed Team|Mixed Team]]
|9
|{{bye}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Tseng Lung-hui|Tseng L-h]] / [[Hsieh Mei-yun|Hsieh M-y]]|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 5–3
|colspan="3"|Did Not Advance
|}

==Athletics==
{{main|Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games}}

===Men===

;Track

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Heats
!colspan=2|Semi-final
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|'''[[Shavaad Jedikere]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 400m - T11|400m – T11]]
|57.13 '''PB'''
|3
|colspan=4| did not advance
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 800m - T11|800m – T11]]
|2:13.69 '''SB'''
|3 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|2:14.79
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|'''[[Ankur Dhama]]'''
|2:13.56
|1 '''Q'''
|2:09.11 '''PB'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 5000m - T11|5000m – T11]]
|colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|16: 42.69
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Amar Nishad]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 800m - T12|800m – T12]]
|2:09.02 '''PB'''
|2 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|2:06.74 '''PB'''
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 1500m - T12|1500m – T12]]
|4:14.54 '''PB'''
|1 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2|DNF
|-
|align=left|'''Ramkiaran Singh'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 800m - T13|800m – T13]]
|colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|2:01.06 '''PB'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|Rajesh Kumar
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 200m - T44|200m – T44]]
|colspan="4" rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|29.45
|8
|-
|align=left|[[Anandan Gunasekaran]]
|25.94
|6
|-
|align=left|Amit Kumar
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 100m - T47|100m – T47]]
|11.85 '''PB'''
|4
|colspan=2 rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2|did not advance
|-
|align=left rowspan=3|'''[[Sandeep Singh Maan]]'''
|align=left|11.51 '''PB'''
|3 '''q'''
|11.82
|6
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men 200m - T47|200m – T47]]
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|22.59 '''PB'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 400m - T47|400m – T47]]
|51.04 '''GR'''
|1 '''Q'''
|colspan="2" {{n/a}}
|49.28 '''PB'''
|{{Silver2}}
|}

;Field
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|'''[[Amit Kumar Saroha]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Club Throw - F31/32/51|Club Throw – F31/32/51]]
|21.31 '''AR'''
|{{Gold1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Discus Throw - F51/52/53|Discus Throw – F51/52/53]]
|9.89 '''GR'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sharad Kumar (athlete)|Sharad Kumar]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men High Jump - T42/44/47|High Jump – T42/44/47]]
|1.80 '''GR'''
|{{Gold1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Girisha Nagarajegowda]]
|1.68
|3
|-
|align=left|[[Varun Singh Bhati]]
|1.65
|5
|-
|align=left|'''[[Narender Ranbir]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men Javelin Throw - F42/44|Javelin Throw – F42/44]]
|53.56 PB
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|Prasanna Thippeswamy
|46.39 '''PB'''
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Vinod Kumar (athlete)|Vinod Kumar]]
|48.40 '''PB'''
|6
|-
|align=left|'''[[Devendra Jhajharia]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men Javelin Throw - F46|Javelin Throw – F46]]
|58.45
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Jaideep Deswal]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Discus Throw - F42|Discus Throw – F42]]
|37.48
|4
|-
|align=left|Surjeet Singh
|31.79 '''SB'''
|6
|-
|align=left|'''Santhamuthuvel Kesavan'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Discus Throw - F44|Discus Throw – F44]]
|39.70
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|Amit Balyan
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Discus Throw - F54/55|Discus Throw – F54/55]]
|27.81
|4
|-
|align=left|Sunil Phogat
|27.53 '''PB'''
|5
|-
|align=left|Prasantha Kumar
|14.85 '''PB'''
|9
|}

===Women===

;Field
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Pragya Ghildial]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Discus Throw - F55 / 56|Discus Throw – F55 / 56]]
|12.45 '''PB'''
|10
|-
|align=left|'''[[Deepa Malik]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Javelin Throw - F53/54|Javelin Throw – F53/54]]
|9.66 '''AR'''
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|'''[[Karamjyoti Dalal]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Shot Put - F55/56|Shot Put – F55/56]]
|5.36 '''PB'''
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Discus Throw - F55 / 56|Discus Throw – F55 / 56]]
|17.37 '''PB'''
|{{Bronze3}}
|}

== Badminton==
===Singles===
;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Manoj Sarkar]]'''
|rowspan=2|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SL 3|SL 3]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Daisuke Fujihara|Fujihara]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–14, 21–19)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ukun Rukaendi|Rukaendi]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (18–21, 21–23)
|rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Toshiaki Suenaga|Suenaga]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–6, 21–9)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Radhi Juhari|Juhari]]|MAS|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–13, 21–13)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Pramod Bhagat|Bhagat]]|IND|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–16, 19–21, 21–18)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ukun Rukaendi|Rukaendi]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (14–21, 15–21)
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Pramod Bhagat]]'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Basil Hermogenes|Hermogenes]]|PHI|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–15, 21–17)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Taku Hiroi|Hiroi]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–13, 21–9)
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Huzairi Abdul Malek|Malek]]|MAS|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W'''(21–18, 21–18)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Dwiyoko]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–12, 16–21, 21–15)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Manoj Sarkar|Sarkar]]|IND|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (16–21, 21–19, 18–21)
|Did Not Advance
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|Ananda Boregowda
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SL 4|SL 4]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Byeon Jeong-bae|Byeon J-b]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–12, 21–16)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lin Cheng-che|Lin C-c]]|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (15–21, 16–21)
|rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|rowspan=3 {{n/a}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (14–21, 20–22)
|colspan="3"|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Tarun Dhillon]]'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (19–21, 13–21)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Nguyễn Văn Thương (para-badminton)|Nguyễn V T]]|VIE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–13, 21–13)
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Hary Susanto|Susanto]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (19–21, 21–14, 21–12)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lin Cheng-che|Lin C-c]]|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (17–21, 21–13, 21–14)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (20–22, 18–21)
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|Ashutosh Dubey
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Hary Susanto|Susanto]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (10–21, 15–21)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lê Văn|Lê V]]|VIE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–11, 21–18)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Chawarat Kittichokwattana|Kittichokwattana]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (16–21, 21–16, 13–21)
|3
|colspan="4"|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|[[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SU 5|SU 5]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Kohei Obara|Obara]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–14, 21–16)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Narinchort Khowbunyarasri|Khowbunyarasri]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–9, 21–17)
|{{n/a}}
|1 '''Q'''
|{{bye}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Imam Kunantoro|Kunantoro]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (21–16, 20–22, 9–21)
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Rakesh Pandey
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Hironobu Kawabata|Kawabata]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (9–21, 6–21)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lam Tak Kwan|Lam T K]]|HKG|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (11–21, 9–21)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Shi Shengzhuo|Shi Sz]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (8–21, 12–21)
|4
|colspan="5"|Did Not Advance
|}

;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Group stage
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Parul Parmar]]'''
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – SL 3 Women's Singles|SL 3]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ng Lai Ling|Ng L L]]|HKG|2014 Asian Games}} '''W''' (21–4, 21–7)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Paramee Panyachaem|Panyachaem]]|THA|2014 Asian Games}} '''W''' (21–4, 21–10)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Noriko Ito|Ito]]|JPN|2014 Asian Games}} '''W''' (21–3, 21–11)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Wannaphatdee Kamtam|Kamtam]]|THA|2014 Asian Games}} '''W''' (21–13, 21–17)
|{{Gold1}}
|}

===Doubles===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Ananda Boregowda]] [[Pramod Bhagat]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Double SL 3-4|Men's SL 3–4]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Daisuke Fujihara|Fujihara]] / [[Masanori Sato|Sato]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (18–21, 21–15, 21–12)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Radhi Juhari|Juhari]] / [[Hairulfozi Saaba|Saaba]]|MAS|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (24–26, 13–21)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Baik Dong-kyu|Baik D-k]] / [[Kim Chang-man|Kim C-m]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (21–19, 12–21, 13–21)
|3
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|[[Manoj Sarkar]] [[Tarun Dhillon]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Adisak Saengarayakul|Saengarayakul]] / [[Singha Sangnil|Sangnil]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–10, 21–10)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Dwiyoko]] / [[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (19–21, 13–21)
|{{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ukun Rukaendi|Rukaendi]] / [[Hary Susanto|Susanto]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (13–21, 12–21)
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]] Rakesh Pandey'''
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Double SU 5|Men's SU 5]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Phạm Hồng Tuân|Phạm H T]] / [[Trần Minh Nhuận|Trần M N]]|VIE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–11, 21–11)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Hironobu Kawabata|Kawabata]] / [[Gen Shogaki|Shogaki]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–18, 21–17)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lee Meng-yuan (badminton)|Lee M-y]] / [[Yeh En-chuan|Yeh E-c]]|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–19, 18–21, 21–19)
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Tay Wei Ming|Tay W M]] / [[Kelvin Pung|Pung]]|SIN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (17–21, 21–3, 21–11)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Imam Kunantoro|Kunantoro]] / [[Suryo Nugroho|Nugroho]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–17, 21–15)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Cheah Liek Hou|Cheah L H]] / [[Suhalli Laiman|Laiman]]|MAS|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (21–11, 11–21, 13–21)
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]] [[Parul Parmar]]'''
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Mixed Double SL 3–SU 5|Mixed SL 3–SU 5]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]] / [[Leani Ratri Oktila|Oktila]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (12–21, 10–21)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Chawarat Kittichokwattana|Kittichokwattana]] / [[Nipada Saensupa|Saensupa]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–11, 21–18)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Toshiaki Suenaga|Suenaga]] / [[Mamiko Toyoda|Toyoda]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–18, 21–18)
|2 '''Q'''
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Gen Shogaki|Shogaki]] / [[Noriko Ito|Ito]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' (21–16, 21–15)
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]] / [[Leani Ratri Oktila|Oktila]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' (14–21, 15–21)
|{{Silver2}}
|}

== Judo==

;Men

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!Qualifying Round
!Quarterfinal
!Semi-final
!Repechage
!rowspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|Karmpal
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men -60 Kg|Men −60 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Sherzod Namozov|Namozov]]|UZB|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|colspan="4"| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Jaydeep Singh
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men -66 Kg|Men −66 kg]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Nurbek Berdiyorov|Berdiyorov]]|UZB|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|colspan="5"| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Manoharan Janakiraman
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men -73 Kg|Men −73 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Feruz Sayidov|Sayidov]]|UZB|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|colspan="4"| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Ramesh Kumar
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men -90 Kg|Men −90 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ganbat Dashtseren|Dashtseren]]|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|Did Not Advance
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Erdenebileg Lkhagvadorj|Lkhagvadorj]]|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|colspan=2| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|'''Karmpal Jaydeep Singh Manoharan Janakiraman Ramesh Kumar'''
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Team|Men Team]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{bye}}
|{{flagIOC2team|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 1–4
|{{n/a}}
| Did Not Advance
|{{bronze3}}
|}

;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!Quarterfinal
!Semi-final
!Repechage
!rowspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|Vijayashanthi Ravi
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Woman -48 Kg|Woman −48 kg]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Bolortungalag Baasandorj|Baasandorj]]|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–101
|Did Not Advance
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Petoori Janudom|Janudom]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–110
|colspan=2| Did Not Advance
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group Stage
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|Priyanka Ghumre
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Woman -57 Kg|Woman −57 kg]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Junko Miwa|Miwa]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Wang Lijing|Wang Lj]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|{{n/a}}
|3 [no medal]
|-
|align=left|Pappathi Chinnaswamy
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Woman -78 Kg|Woman −78 kg]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Methawadee Nantharak|Nantharak]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Altantsetseg Nyamaa|Nyamaa]]|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 000–100
|{{n/a}}
|3 [no medal]
|-
|align=left|'''Vijayashanthi Ravi Priyanka Ghumre Pappathi Chinnaswamy'''
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Team|Women's Team]]
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagIOC2team|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 1–2
|{{flagIOC2team|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{Bronze3}}
|}

== Swimming==

;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Heats
!colspan=2|Semi-final
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Niranjan Mukundan]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 100m Butterfly S8|100m Butterfly S8]]
|colspan="4" rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2|DSQ
|-
|align=left rowspan=4|'''[[Sharath Gayakwad]]'''
|1:08.30
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 100m Backstroke S8|100m Backstroke S8]]
|1:22.33
|4
|colspan="2" {{n/a}}
|1:15.34
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – MMen's 100m Breaststroke SB8|100m Breaststroke SB8]]
|1 21.06
|1 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|1:18.43
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 200m Individual Medley SM8|200m Individual Medley SM8]]
|colspan=4 rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|2:38.71
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Niranjan Mukundan]]
|3:20.79
|4
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 50m freestyle S8|50m freestyle S8]]
|34.56
|6
|colspan="2" rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sharath Gayakwad]]'''
|32.76
|3
|30.64
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Prasanta Karmakar]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 100m Breaststroke SB9|100m Breaststroke SB9]]
|colspan=4 rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|1:22.07
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|Swapnil Patil
|1:35.45
|7
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|Shashank Mahesh
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 100m Breaststroke SB14|100m Breaststroke SB14]]
|1:58:04
|6
|colspan=4| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 100m Breaststroke S14|100m Breaststroke S14]]
|colspan=2|DSQ
|colspan=4| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|'''India'''
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's 4x100 Relay Medley 34P|4x100 Relay Medley 34P]]
|colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|23.32
|{{Bronze3}}
|}

==Shooting ==

;Men

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Qualification
!Final
!Rank
|-
|align=left|Naresh Kumar Sharma
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's R1-10m Air Rifle Standing|R1-10m Air Rifle Standing]]
|Did not qualify
|colspan=2|Did Not Advance
|}

==Powerlifting==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Best Lift
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Farman Basha]]'''
|align=left|[[Powerlifting at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's -49 kg|Men's −49 kg]]
|155
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Rajinder Singh Rahelu]]
|align=left|[[Powerlifting at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's - 55 kg|Men's – 55 kg]]
|colspan=2|NM
|-
|align=left|[[Sakina Khatun]]
|align=left|[[Powerlifting at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's -50 kg|Women's −50 kg]]
|81
|4
|}

==Table tennis==

;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Group stage
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|Nir Bahadur Gurung
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men individual TT3|Individual TT3]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ko Hang Yee|Ko H Y]]|HKG|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Shinichi Yoshida|Yoshida]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|3
|colspan=5|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Trivendra Singh
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men individual TT4|Individual TT4]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Zhang Yan (table tennis)|Zhang Y]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Wanchai Chaiwut|Chaiwut]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Billy Cartera|Cartera]]|PHI|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|4
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Yezdi Bhamgara
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men individual TT6|Individual TT6]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Huang Jiaxin|Huang Jx]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Rungroj Thainiyom|Thainiyom]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Jon Ju-hyon|Jon J-h]]|PRK|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|4
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Ajay Gubbi
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men individual TT8|Individual TT8]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Kim Kwang-jin (table tennis)|Kim K-j]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Hu Mingfu|Hu Mf]]|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Komkrit Charitsat|Charitsat]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{n/a}}
|4
|colspan=5|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Ranjit Gujjar
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men individual TT9|Individual TT9]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Wong Chi Yin|Wong C Y]]|HKG|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Nobuyuki Suzuki (table tennis)|Suzuki]]|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Ma Yu-chol|Ma Y-c]]|PRK|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|4
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Om Lotlikar
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men individual TT10|Individual TT10]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lee Yao-tang|Lee Y-t]]|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Komet Akbar|Akbar]]|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Dinesh Pitiyage|Pitiyage]]|SRI|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|4
|colspan=5|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Nir Bahadur Gurung Trivendra Singh
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Team TT4|Team TT4]]
|{{flagIOC2team|PHI|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{flagIOC2team|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|5
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|5
|-
|align=left|Yezdi Bhamgara Ajay Gubbi
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Team TT8|Team TT8]]
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|INA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|4
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Ranjit Gujjar Om Lotlikar
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Team TT9/10|Team TT9/10]]
|{{flagIOC2team|MAS|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|JPN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|MGL|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 3–2
|{{n/a}}
|3
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=4|Did Not Advance
|}

;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|Sonal Patel
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual TT3|Individual TT3]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Li Qian (Paralympian)|Li Qa]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Elham Chazani|Chazani]]|IRI|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Dararat Asayut|Asayut]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|[[Bhavina Patel]]
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual TT4|Individual TT4]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Faten El Elimat|El Elimat]]|JOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Zhou Ying (table tennis)|Zhou Y]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Zhang Miao (table tennis)|Zhang M]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Suvarna Raj
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual TT5|Individual TT5]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Khetam Abuawad|Abuawad]]|JOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Jung Young-a|Jung Y-a]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Wong Pui Yi|Wong P Y]]|HKG|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|4
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=3| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Poonam
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual TT6-7|Individual TT6-7]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Kim Seong-ok|Kim S-o]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lam Oi Man|Lam O M]]|MAC|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|3
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=3| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Vaishnavi Sutar
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual TT8|Individual TT8]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Mao Jingdian|Mao Jd]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Koh Duk-ja|Koh D-j]]|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{n/a}}
|3
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=3| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Nikita Kumar
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women individual TT9-10|Individual TT9-10]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Lei Lina|Lei Ln]]|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Chayanan Settisrikoedkun|Settisrikoedkun]]|THA|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 2–3
|{{n/a}}
|3
|colspan=4| Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Sonal Patel [[Bhavina Patel]] Suvarna Raj
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Team TT4/5|Team TT4/5]]
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|TPE|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{n/a}}
|3
|{{n/a}}
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|-
|align=left|Poonam Vaishnavi Sutar
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Team TT6-8|Team TT6-8]]
|{{flagIOC2team|KOR|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagIOC2team|MAC|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 0–3
|3
|colspan=3 {{n/a}}
|3 (no medal)
|}

==Wheelchair fencing==

;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarter Final
!Semi-final
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|Joseph Jelestin
|align=left|[[Wheelchair fencing at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Sabre-Category A|Sabre-Category A]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Chan Wing Kin|Chan W K]]|HKG|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 2–15
|colspan=3|Did Not Advance
|13
|-
|align=left|Nooruddin Dawood
|align=left|[[Wheelchair fencing at the 2014 Asian Para Games – Men's Sabre-Category B|Sabre-Category B]]
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Elias Semaan|Semaan]]|LIB|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''W''' 15–2
|{{flagIOC2athlete|[[Tam Chik Sum|Tam C S]]|HKG|2014 Asian Para Games}} '''L''' 4–15
|colspan=2|Did Not Advance
|8
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://paralympicindia.org.in/index.php Official website of Paralympic Committee of India]

{{Nations at the 2014 Asian Para Games}}

[[Category:Nations at the 2014 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:India at the Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:2014 in Indian sport]]

K. E. Prakash

2026-04-10T03:57:30Z

Bihar: Made some pg basic info

{{Short description|Member of Lok Sabha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. E. Prakash
| image =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency|Erode]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[A. Ganeshamurthi]]
| successor1 =
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
}}

'''K. E. Prakash''' is an Indian [[politician]] and a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="eci">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2217.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-candidates-2024/k-e-prakash-22017-9 |title=K E Prakash, DMK Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On K E Prakas |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> He is a member of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref name="eci"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/erode-election-results-2024-tamil-nadu-erode-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-ashok-kumar-aiadmk-k-e-prakash-dmk-karmegan-m-ntk/articleshow/110674913.cms |title=Erode election results 2024 live updates |publisher=[[Times of India]] |access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Businessmen {{!}} In august company">{{cite news |date=13 July 2024 |title=Businessmen {{!}} In august company |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807175452/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election of India]], he defeated Ashok Kumar of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] by a margin of 236,566 votes.<ref name="eci"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, K. E.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Helen Chaman Lall

2026-03-31T05:37:26Z

Bihar: Made new post v1

{{Short description|Indian art collector (1910/1912–2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Helen Chaman Lall
| image = Helen Chamanlal (1910-2003).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Helen Chaman Lall (1930s)
| birth_name = Helen Ali Khan
| birth_date = 1910 or 1912
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], Punjab, [[British India]]
| death_date = 2003
| death_place = United Kingdom
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for = Art collection Feature of a portrait by [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]
| notable_works =
}}
'''Helen Chaman Lall''' (1910 or 1912 – 2003), sometimes spelled '''Helen Chamanlal''', and also known as '''Helen Lall''', was an Indian collector of art and jewellery. She was the subject of a painting by Indian-Hungarian artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]].

Lall graduated in medicine, though never practised. In 1936, she married the Indian politician and diplomat [[Diwan Chaman Lall]]. She spent her final years of life in [[England]].

==Early life and education==
Helen Chaman Lall [[née]] Ali Khan was born in 1910,<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214/> or 1912, in Amritsar,<ref name=Pass1946>{{cite web |title=New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7488/images/NYT715_7154-0844?treeid=&personid=&rc=&queryId=82e2f235-c65c-490b-987e-2126f4e66670&usePUB=true&_phsrc=ram3&_phstart=successSource&pId=3037629482 |website=www.ancestry.co.uk |access-date=13 November 2024|date=1946|via=ancestry.co.uk|url-access=subscription}}</ref> to [[Badrul Islam Ali Khan]], a [[Pashtuns|Pathan]] aristocrat and barrister, and his wife Violet Love, a British woman.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214>Sundaram, pp. 214-215</ref> Her sister was Leila (also known as Leela) Sikri, who married [[S. M. Sikri]].<ref name=State1970>{{cite book |title=The States |date=1970 |publisher=India News and Feature Alliance. |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iN0iAQAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Raj through Indian Eyes: Rushes Tape 9 {{!}} colonialfilm |url=http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/3633 |website=www.colonialfilm.org.uk |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> Lall graduated in medicine in 1934, though never practised.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214/><ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who |date=1958 |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat |location=New Delhi |page=49 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.112991/page/n75/mode/2up?q=helen|chapter=Diwan Chaman Lall}}</ref>

==Personal and family==
[[File:Amrita Sher-Gil Portrait of Helen 1938 Lahore.jpg|left|thumb|Portrait of Helen by Amrita Sher-Gil (January 1938)]]
In 1936, against her father's wishes, Lall married the Indian politician and diplomat [[Diwan Chaman Lall]].<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214/><ref name=Dalmia.213.98>Dalmia, p. 97</ref> They lived in [[Mashobra]], and in 1939 they had a son, named Rahul.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.744>Sundaram, p. 744</ref><ref name=Hasan1995>{{cite book |last1=Hasan |first1=Mushirul |title=India Partitioned: The Other Face of Freedom |date=1995 |publisher=Lotus Collection |isbn=978-81-7436-013-7 |page=226 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWtOAAAAYAAJ|language=en}}</ref> She was known for her collections of miniatures and jewellery, including ''Balwant Singh relaxing in front of a fireplace'' by [[Nainsukh]] of [[Guler State|Guler]].<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214/><ref>{{cite web |title=Indar Pasricha Fine Arts {{!}} Indian & South Asian Art in London |url=https://www.indarpasricha.co.uk/archive/AR002_Balwant_Singh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113183009/http://indarpasricha.co.uk/archive/AR002_Balwant_Singh.html |archive-date=13 November 2016 |access-date=14 November 2024 |website=www.indarpasricha.co.uk}}</ref>

The Indian-Hungarian artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]] was a close friend of Lall.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214/> After [[Amrita Sher-Gil's paintings at Lahore (1937)|her solo exhibition]] at [[Faletti's Hotel]] in November 1937 [[Lahore]], Sher-Gil stayed on at the hotel with the Lalls in January 1938 and painted portraits for which she typically charged ₹500 per head.<ref name=Sundaram2010.432>Sundaram, pp. 432–439</ref><ref name=Dalmia2013.103>Dalmia, pp.103–104</ref> She wrote to her parents that in Lahore, she spent most of her time with the Lalls who were "good to me [her]" and that she had begun a portrait of Helen for which she did not want to receive any fee.<ref name=Sundaram2010.432/><ref name=Dalmia2014>{{cite book |last1=Dalmia|first1=Yashodhara |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ |language=en |chapter=11. Charles Fabri; an iconoclastic vision|page=159}}</ref> The portrait was completed in Lahore in January 1938.<ref name=Sundaram2010.432/> According to Sher-Gil's nephew [[Vivan Sundaram]], the whereabouts of the painting is unknown.<ref name=Sundaram2010.807>Sundaram, p.807</ref>

When Sher-Gil died in December 1941, Lall was by her side.<ref name=Iqbal1984>{{cite book |first1=N|last1=Iqbal |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Biography |date=1984 |publisher=Vikas |isbn=978-0-7069-2474-9 |pages=111, 156, 170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHbWAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

She later moved to England to be near her son, who had separated from his wife. Her son later died in a house fire in India, apparently caused by his lit cigarette..<ref name="Sundaram.2010.744" />

==Death==
Lall spent her final years in England.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.744/> She died in 2003.<ref name=Sundaram.2010.214/>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last=Dalmia|first=Yashodhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Gurugram |isbn=978-0-14-342026-2 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=1|pages=1–417|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|pages=418–821|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}

[[Category:1910s births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian art collectors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:People from Amritsar]]

Samir Jain

2026-03-29T01:06:08Z

Bihar: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian businessman (born 1954)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Samir Jain
| image = Jury Meet VC -3.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Samir Jain in 2019
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|3|11}}
| birth_place = New Delhi, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Publisher|businessman}}
| title = [[Vice-Chairman]] and Managing Director of [[The Times Group]]
| years_active = 1980–present
| known_for = {{hlist|Architect of The Times Group|Media and Advertising Mogul}}
| parents = 
| relatives = 
| spouse = Meera Jain
| children = {{ubl|Trishla Jain (daughter)|Satyan Gajwani (son-in-law)}}
}}

'''Samir Jain''' (born 11 March 1954) is an Indian [[publisher]] and the vice-chairman and managing director (VCMD)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/17548808 | title=Samir Jain, Bennett Coleman & Co LTD: Profile and Biography | website=[[Bloomberg News]] }}</ref> of [[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]], also known as [[The Times Group]], a leading [[media conglomerate]] with its primary base of operations in India, which publishes ''[[The Times of India]]'' and has many other interests.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Pragya|title=Samir Jain and the Times group|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/samir-jain-the-times-group/298626|accessdate=21 March 2018|publisher=Outlook|date=3 April 2017}}</ref> Jain belongs to the [[Sahu Jain]] family, an industrialist family of India.

==Career==
In 1975, Samir joined [[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd]].<ref name="Auletta. Page 55">Auletta, Ken: "Citizens Jain – Why India's Newspaper Industry is Thriving". The New Yorker, 8 October 2012, Page 55.</ref>
During his time, ''[[The Times of India]]'' has become the largest circulating English newspaper in the world.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/TOI-Online-is-worlds-No1-newspaper-website/articleshow/4769920.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301071330/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-12/india/28166748_1_comscore-website-newspaper | url-status=live | archive-date=1 March 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=TOI Online is world's No.1 newspaper websites | date=12 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/001200608291820.htm |title=The Hindu News Update Service |accessdate=2009-06-20 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012140612/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/001200608291820.htm |archivedate=12 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>[http://archives.newswatch.in/newsblog/7983 Top 10 English Dailies: Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2010 — Quarter 1 | Newswatch]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Auletta, Ken: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210302224120/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/citizens-jain Citizens Jain – Why India's Newspaper Industry is Thriving]". The New Yorker, 8 October 2012, Pages 52 to 61.
*Subramanian, Samanth : "[http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/supreme-being Supreme Being : How Samir Jain created the modern Indian Newspaper Industry]", Caravan Magazine, 1 December 2012.
*Menon Malhan, Sangita P, "The TOI Story: How a Newspaper Changed the Rules of the Game" (2013) HarperCollins India

==External links==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ Indiatimes Times of India]

{{The Times Group}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Samir}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Indian mass media owners]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:The Times Group people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor district]]

Alludu Seenu

2026-03-26T17:19:47Z

Bihar: Stub

{{Short description|2014 film by V. V. Vinayak}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Alludu Seenu
| image = Alludu Seenu poster.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| writer = [[Kona Venkat]] (dialogue)
| story = [[K. S. Ravindra]]
| screenplay = V. V. Vinayak
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]
*[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]]
*[[Prakash Raj]]
*[[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]]
*[[Brahmanandam]]
}}
| director = [[V. V. Vinayak]]
| cinematography = [[Chota K. Naidu]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
*[[Bellamkonda Suresh]]
*Bellamkonda Ganesh Babu
}}
| editing = Gautham Raju
| studio = [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|07|25}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| budget = {{INR}}40 crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu shot on a lavish scale |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News-Interviews/Alludu-Seenu-shot-on-a-lavish-scale/articleshow/37184752.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014090824/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News-Interviews/Alludu-Seenu-shot-on-a-lavish-scale/articleshow/37184752.cms |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=25 June 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Alludu Seenu''''' ({{translation|[[Son-in-law]] Seenu}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed by [[V. V. Vinayak]]. Produced by [[Bellamkonda Suresh]] on his banner [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions]], the film marks the debut of his son [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] as the titular character, with [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]], and [[Brahmanandam]] in lead roles,while [[Tamannaah]] makes a special appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu is a fun-filled entertainer |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Alludu-Seenu-is-a-fun-filled-entertainer/articleshow/37081638.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725225002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Alludu-Seenu-is-a-fun-filled-entertainer/articleshow/37081638.cms |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=24 June 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2014 |title=Tamannaah in an item song |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Tamannaah-in-an-item-song/articleshow/37444966.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017095430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Tamannaah-in-an-item-song/articleshow/37444966.cms |archive-date=17 October 2023 |access-date=5 July 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the music for this film while [[Chota K. Naidu]] and Gautham Raju handled the cinematography and editing of the film, respectively.

The film was officially launched on 15 February 2013 in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2013 |title=Bellamkonda Srinivas – VV Vinayak's film launch |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/muhurat-bellamkondasrinivas.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630063301/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/muhurat-bellamkondasrinivas.html |archive-date=30 June 2014 |access-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=idlebrain.com}}</ref> After altering the bound script twice, the film's [[principal photography]] commenced at [[Annapoorna Studios]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] in October 2013. Majority of the film was shot in and around Hyderabad while significant portions were shot at [[Alappuzha|Alleppey]] in [[Kerala]]. The songs were shot in the locales of [[Japan]], [[Dubai]] and [[Italy]] apart from the sets built in Hyderabad. After completion of a few action sequences at [[Gachibowli]] Aluminium Factory in Hyderabad, the film's principal photography came to an end on 14 June 2014.<ref name="shoot complete" />

The film was released worldwide on 25 July 2014. Upon release, the film received mixed to positive reviews from critics calling it a commercial entertainer and praising the principal cast's performances, although they were unsupportive of the film's predictable narrative and placement of the song numbers. While the distributors recovered most if not all of their respective distribution costs with the film collecting a distributor's share of ₹24.55 crore at the box office, the film was a cost failure for its producers due to its expensive budget of ₹40 crore which made it the most expensive film for a debutante and one of the most expensive Telugu films at the time of release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu shot on a lavish scale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/alludu-seenu-shot-on-a-lavish-scale/articleshow/37184752.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014090824/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News-Interviews/Alludu-Seenu-shot-on-a-lavish-scale/articleshow/37184752.cms |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Regardless, ''Alludu Seenu'' was the second highest grossing Telugu film for a debutante behind ''[[Chirutha]]'' at the time of its release. Later the film was dubbed in Hindi as Mard Ka Badla (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=Prakash Raj's dual role lauded in Alludu Seenu |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Prakash-Rajs-dual-role-lauded-in-Alludu-Seenu/articleshow/38996305.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731052509/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Prakash-Rajs-dual-role-lauded-in-Alludu-Seenu/articleshow/38996305.cms |archive-date=31 July 2014 |access-date=25 July 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Sai Srinivas won [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2015 |title=Winners list: 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South) |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Winners-list-62nd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South/articleshow/47836755.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627012915/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Winners-list-62nd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South/articleshow/47836755.cms |archive-date=27 June 2015 |access-date=27 June 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Later the film was dubbed into [[Malayalam]] as ''Aliyan Sreeni'' and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Mappilai Seenu''. It also won the state Gaddar Award for Third Best Feature Film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2025 |title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards: Adivi Sesh Thanks Telangana Government For Honouring Major, Expresses Gratitude To Mahesh Babu |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-adivi-sesh-thanks-telangana-government-for-honouring-major-expresses-gratitude-to-mahesh-babu-article-151755732 |website=Times Now}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Seenu, better known as Alludu Seenu, lives with his uncle Narasimha in a village where both are in great debt. One day, they run away to [[Chennai]], hoping to fly to [[Dubai]], earn a lot of money, and clear their debts. They mistake their train and they end up in [[Hyderabad]]. They land in a lodge where Seenu discovers that he is in Hyderabad, but to his horror, the city's don Bhai resembles his uncle Narasimha very much. He uses his uncle's face to earn a lot of money, and by fooling Dimple, Bhai's right hand. He also makes Bhai's stepdaughter Anjali fall in love with him, when she mistakes him to be her fiancé, Rohit. When Bhai realizes that someone is faking him in the city, he plans to get him killed but ends up discovering that the faker is none other than his identical-twin brother Narasimha.

Bhai catches Seenu and Narasimha and their fellows, and orders his men to kill them. Seenu manages to escape with them. Narasimha now tells Seenu that he was the chief of his village and the identical-twin brother of Bhai. Years ago, when Narasimha had collected some projection funds from villagers and was going to submit it to a superior, Bhai attacked his car, which he and his wife Nandini and daughter Anjali were all in. Anjali survived the attack and was later adopted by Bhai, who wanted only the heritage of her father. Bhai told everyone that Narasimha killed his own family and escaped with the money, making all people hate him, including Anjali.

Narasimha is shocked to learn that his blood daughter Anjali is still alive. Meanwhile, Anjali learns Seenu is not his fiancé Rohit but is only pretending to be, so she starts to hate him and leaves with Bhai for [[Sharjah]] to marry the real Rohit, the son of Bhanu, a don in Sharjah. Seenu and Narasimha also arrive in Sharjah to stop the wedding.

In Sharjah, Seenu somehow kidnaps Bhai, keeps him captive, and makes Narasimha disguise as him to fool others to execute his plan to call off the wedding, unite Seenu and Anjali, and reveal the truth to her. With some plans, they swindle some money from Bhanu, and tell Anjali the real story of her father Narasimha, and stepfather Bhai, making her fall in love with Seenu again. After that, they escape from Sharjah and fly to India, while Bhai also escapes from captivity and tells Bhanu they've all been cheated.

Bhanu and Bhai all fly to India to kill them, but all their men are defeated by Seenu with him managing to kill Rohit, Bhanu's son. Seenu, not only brings them to justice as Bhai and Bhanu are taken to jail, but also clears his uncle's accused crimes. The village apologizes to Narasimha and welcomes him again.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] as Alludu Seenu
*[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] as Anjali
*[[Prakash Raj]] as Narasimha and Bhai ([[dual role]])
*[[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]] as Bhanu Bhai
*[[Bramhanandam]] as Dimple
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Narasimha's friend
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Nayudu / Lungi Baba
*[[Ravi Babu]] as Peda Prasad
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as Lungi Baba's friend
*[[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Lungi Baba's friend
*[[Venu Yeldandi]] as Lungi Baba's friend
*[[Ananth Babu]] as Auto Driver
*[[Master Bharath]]
*[[Gundu Sudarshan]]
*[[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]]
;Cameo appearance
*[[Tamannaah Bhatia]] in the song "Labbar Bomma"
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
On 5 December 2008 as [[Bellamkonda Suresh]] celebrated his birthday at the Devnar School for the Blind in Begumpet at Hyderabad, [[V. V. Vinayak]] who came as a guest to the function revealed the first news of Sai Sreenivas' film debut. He said "I share an emotional bonding with Bellamkonda Suresh for a long time as he gave me the first break as a director. It was Bellamkonda Suresh who introduced me as a director. Now I want to direct Bellamkonda Suresh’s son Sai’s debut film. I wish to make Sai a nice hero."<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2008 |title=Birthday 2008 – Bellamkonda Suresh |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/birthday2008-bellamkondasuresh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920022312/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/birthday2008-bellamkondasuresh.html |archive-date=20 September 2012 |access-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=idlebrain.com}}</ref> Bellamkonda Suresh spoke "I would like to thank VV Vinayak for offering to introducing my son as a hero. My son Sai will be introduced as hero in 2011. I will send him to USA to learn more about acting. I am indebted to VV Vinayak for the favor he is doing to me."<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2008 |title=VV Vinayak to direct Bellamkonda's son |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/article13103.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306094543/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/article13103.ece |archive-date=6 March 2014 |access-date=20 February 2014 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> On 15 February 2013 the film was officially launched at [[Annapurna Studios]] in Hyderabad and along with the film's crew, celebrities like [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] and [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] attended the event. On that day, [[Devi Sri Prasad]] was announced as the music director while [[Chota K. Naidu]] and Gautham Raju were selected as the cinematographer and editor of the film respectively.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} In mid-May 2014, reports emerged that the makers were considering to title the film as ''Alludu Sreenu''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2014 |title=Samantha-Bellamkonda Srinivas' film is Alludu Sreenu? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-Bellamkonda-Srinivas-film-is-Alludu-Sreenu/articleshow/35210257.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517180515/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-Bellamkonda-Srinivas-film-is-Alludu-Sreenu/articleshow/35210257.cms |archive-date=17 May 2014 |access-date=6 June 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2014 |title=V V Vinayak's film called Alludu Sreenu? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140516/entertainment-tollywood/article/v-v-vinayak%E2%80%99s-film-called-alludu-sreenu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607080347/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140516/entertainment-tollywood/article/v-v-vinayak%E2%80%99s-film-called-alludu-sreenu |archive-date=7 June 2014 |access-date=6 June 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The same was officially confirmed by Samantha in her Twitter on 26 May 2014.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

=== Casting ===
In early February 2013, [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] was selected to play the heroine in this film as a part of the three-film deal she entered with Bellamkonda Suresh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2013 |title=Samantha to star opposite Bellamkonda Suresh's son in his debut film |url=http://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/samantha-to-star-opposite-bellamkonda-suresh-s-son-in-his-debut-film/article3667.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226054106/http://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/samantha-to-star-opposite-bellamkonda-suresh-s-son-in-his-debut-film/article3667.htm |archive-date=26 February 2014 |access-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=Desimartini}}</ref> She stated that she accepted to be a part of the film only due to her good relationship with Bellamkonda Suresh when he helped her during the time when she was suffering with serious skin ailments. She said "Bellamkonda Suresh has stood by me during the toughest phase in my life and I am doing this film for him."<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2013 |title=Samantha does it for Bellamkonda Suresh |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Samantha-does-it-for-Bellamkonda-Suresh/articleshow/18367655.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204194448/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Samantha-does-it-for-Bellamkonda-Suresh/articleshow/18367655.cms |archive-date=4 February 2016 |access-date=20 February 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A photo shoot was conducted later on Samantha and Sai Sreenivas in the same month.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} In mid-March 2013, it was reported that [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] was selected as the other heroine of the film and it was said that Bellamkonda Suresh offered her a huge remuneration for the film. She too confirmed the news that she is sharing the screen along with a debutante hero.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} But since the previous two scripts were not accepted by Vinayak himself and after penning a fresh script, Tamannaah was no more a part of the film as the new one required a single heroine only.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2013 |title=We Might Do A Sequel To Adhurs |url=http://metroindia.com/Details.aspx?id=5790 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220163009/http://metroindia.com/Details.aspx?id=5790 |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=metroindia.com}}</ref> In the end of January 2014, [[Prakash Raj]] reacted in his Twitter about the speculations that he would play a double role in [[Mahesh Babu]]'s ''[[Aagadu]]'' that he is not playing a dual role in that film but he is playing a dual role in this film which he called an "interesting" one.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2014 |title=Prakash Raj clarifies wrong report doing the rounds in media |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Prakash-Raj-clarifies-wrong-report-doing-the-rounds-in-media/articleshow/29660594.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423222003/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Prakash-Raj-clarifies-wrong-report-doing-the-rounds-in-media/articleshow/29660594.cms |archive-date=23 April 2014 |access-date=20 February 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In the end of March 2014, it was reported that Tamannaah would do a special song in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Tamanna in an item song |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140330/entertainment-tollywood/article/tamanna-item-song |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330230216/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140330/entertainment-tollywood/article/tamanna-item-song |archive-date=30 March 2014 |access-date=30 March 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

It was said that she would participate in the shoot for this song in the end of April 2014 or early May 2014.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} It was also said that the song would be the introduction song of the hero in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Tamannaah item number in Bellamkonda's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Tamannaah-item-number-in-Bellamkondas-film/articleshow/32956842.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331044523/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Tamannaah-item-number-in-Bellamkondas-film/articleshow/32956842.cms |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=1 April 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> But by the time the reports emerged into the media, Tamannaah wrapped up the shoot of the song in the film on 31 March and V. V. Vinayak thanked her for accepting the offer in his Facebook page.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The song, a romantic one, was shot in Hyderabad in a vineyard set for five days. In an interaction to ''Chennai Times'', Tamannaah's father said "The primary reason why she agreed to do this song was because it is the most important song in the film. It is not an item song but a romantic number and the director narrated how he intends to shoot it. It is true that a year ago, when the script was first written, Tamannaah had chosen to be a part of this film. However, when the script was changed, we mutually agreed to part ways. But despite that, both Tamannaah and Vinayak have mutual respect for each other and that is why, when Vinayak requested Tamannaah to do this one song for him, she agreed."<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2014 |title=After initial walk out, Tammu does a song for Vinayak's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/After-initial-walk-out-Tammu-does-a-song-for-Vinayaks-film/articleshow/32966225.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331235533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/After-initial-walk-out-Tammu-does-a-song-for-Vinayaks-film/articleshow/32966225.cms |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=1 April 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film's first schedule of shooting started at Annapurna Studios in Hyderabad in the end of October 2013 due to delay in script work and a song on Samantha and [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] was shot there.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} After completing the first schedule silently, the film unit proceeded to Japan to shoot a song on Sai Sreenivas and Samantha in the exotic locales of that country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2013 |title=Samantha in Japan |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131211/entertainment-tollywood/article/samantha-japan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223103613/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131211/entertainment-tollywood/article/samantha-japan |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=20 February 2014 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The regular shooting continued for some time after the unit's return from Japan and after a brief gap, the shooting continued from 19 February 2014 at [[Ramanaidu Studios]] in Hyderabad where some street scenes were shot on Sai Sreenivas and Samantha.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} Later again after a brief gap due to Samantha's busy schedules, the filming continued at Fort Grand in Hyderabad which was known for its picturesque setting.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} Later it was reported that the film's shoot would continue in Dubai after a song was filmed on the leads in Hyderabad.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} After completion of the Hyderabad schedule of ''[[Kaththi]]'', Samantha joined the sets of the film on 1 April 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2014 |title=Samantha wraps up shooting for Kaththi in Hyderabad |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News-Interviews/Samantha-wraps-up-shooting-for-Kaththi-in-Hyderabad/articleshow/33025325.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331235536/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-wraps-up-shooting-for-Kaththi-in-Hyderabad/articleshow/33025325.cms |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=1 April 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> She left the sets after completing her part in the schedule and joined the sets of ''Kaththi'' again and took a break from there in the first week of May.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2014 |title=Kaththi team on a break |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Kaththi-team-on-a-break/articleshow/34525487.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505144734/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Kaththi-team-on-a-break/articleshow/34525487.cms |archive-date=5 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Later she joined the sets of this film at [[Alappuzha|Alleppey]] in [[Kerala]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} After returning from there, Samantha tweeted in the second week of May that the team would go to Italy for filming a song on Sai Sreenivas and herself.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} After filming few sequences of a song there, the team returned to Hyderabad on 11 May.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Samantha to resume shoot for Rabhasa |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-to-resume-shoot-for-Rabhasa/articleshow/35055176.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513071106/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-to-resume-shoot-for-Rabhasa/articleshow/35055176.cms |archive-date=13 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Later the shoot continued at Aluminium factory at [[Gachibowli]] in Hyderabad.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The film's shoot came to an end on 23 June 2014 which was confirmed by Samantha in her micro-blogging page.<ref name="shoot complete">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu wrapped up shooting |url=http://www.tollywoodtimes.com/en/newsfullstory/kcdk9blif6/Alludu-Seenu-wrapped-up-shooting/5112 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724005254/http://www.tollywoodtimes.com/en/newsfullstory/kcdk9blif6/Alludu-Seenu-wrapped-up-shooting/5112 |archive-date=24 July 2014 |access-date=24 July 2014 |website=Tollywood Times}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Alludu Seenu (soundtrack)}}
[[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the music and background score for the film reuniting with [[V. V. Vinayak]] after ''[[Adhurs]]'' (2009).{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The film's music launch took place on 21 June 2014 at the [[Shilpakala Vedika]] in [[Hyderabad]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu audio on June 21 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News-Interviews/Alludu-Seenu-audio-on-June-29/articleshow/37072964.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626084404/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Alludu-Seenu-audio-on-June-29/articleshow/37072964.cms |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=12 June 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> with the presence of the cast and crew along with [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[S. S. Rajamouli]] and [[Pranitha Subhash]] as the chief guests.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The soundtrack was distributed by [[Aditya Music]] on the same day to high consumer response and garnered record number of sales.<ref name="Audio Resp" />

== Release ==
===Theatrical===
In a press meet held on 15 June 2014 the makers officially declared the film's release date as 24 July 2014.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} On 5 July 2014 a press note was issued which stated that the film would release a day later i.e. on 25 July 2014 in theaters.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The film was awarded an 'A' certificate with few cuts by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] on 23 July 2014.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu censored with A certificate |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Alludu-Seenu-censored-with-A-certificate/articleshow/38978612.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729215213/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Alludu-Seenu-censored-with-A-certificate/articleshow/38978612.cms |archive-date=29 July 2014 |access-date=24 July 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===
The first look posters were also released on the same day itself but none of them featured the title of the film.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} New posters were released after the shoot at Japan but they too didn't bear the title of the film.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The title logo of the film was revealed on 6 June 2014.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The first look poster bearing the title and few stills were released on 21 June 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2014 |title=First look of Alludu Seenu is out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140621/entertainment-tollywood/article/first-look-alludu-seenu-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622173708/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140621/entertainment-tollywood/article/first-look-alludu-seenu-out |archive-date=22 June 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2014 |title=First look: Alludu Seenu |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/firstlook-alluduseenu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624015430/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/firstlook-alluduseenu.html |archive-date=24 June 2014 |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=idlebrain.com}}</ref> The released stills received positive response and Samantha's look was singled out for praise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2014 |title=Samantha's hot new look in 'Alludu Seenu' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Samantha-s-hot-new-look-in-Alludu-Seenu-imagegallery-tollywood-ogyq5iiicbcgh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625034233/http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-s-hot-new-look-in-alludu-seenu-imagegallery-tollywood-ogyq5iiicbcgh.html |archive-date=25 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The theatrical trailer and video promos of the songs were released on 29 June 2014 and they received positive response in which Sreenivas was praised for his dances, looks, acting and fighting skills; Samantha and Tamannaah were praised for their glamour show.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} Particularly, Tamannaah's item number received great positive response which generated good buzz for the film.<ref name="Audio Resp">{{Cite web |date=5 July 2014 |title=Tamannaah's item song generates good buzz |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Telugu/Movies/News-Interviews/Tamannaahs-item-song-generates-good-buzz/articleshow/37837632.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711004005/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Tamannaahs-item-song-generates-good-buzz/articleshow/37837632.cms |archive-date=11 July 2014 |access-date=5 July 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Home media===
On 28 June 2014, reports emerged that [[Gemini TV]] secured the satellite rights of the movie for an undisclosed price.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2014 |title=Gemini TV picks up Alludu Seenu |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/tv/Gemini-TV-picks-up-Alludu-Seenu/articleshow/37323189.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706022107/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/tv/Gemini-TV-picks-up-Alludu-Seenu/articleshow/37323189.cms |archive-date=6 July 2014 |access-date=28 June 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
==== India ====
The film opened to 80%–90% occupancy in both single screens and multiplexes and collected a distributor's share of {{INR}}2.85 crore at both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh box offices on its first day which was called a Good start by the Trade Analysts for a debutante's film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu takes a good opening at the box-office |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Alludu-Seenu-takes-a-good-opening-at-the-box-office/articleshow/39041156.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726232417/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Alludu-Seenu-takes-a-good-opening-at-the-box-office/articleshow/39041156.cms |archive-date=26 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Critical response===
The film received mixed to generally positive reviews from critics. ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave a review stating "Vinayak has chosen a safe subject for the debutant. The story is not new but director Vinayak handles it very well. This film is a great launch for a debutant. Vinayak, known for his mass films, has once again provided entertainment for masses. Brahmanandam’s comedy and Samantha’s glamour quotient may also help the film" and rated the film 3/5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2014 |title=Movie review 'Alludu Seenu': A predictable story, but good entertainment |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140726/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-alludu-seenu-predictable-story-good |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725210200/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140726/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-alludu-seenu-predictable-story-good |archive-date=25 July 2014 |access-date=26 July 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

On the flip side, ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a review stating "There's a term which is often used to describe films like Alludu Seenu in one word – 'package'. It has a little bit of everything, although the sum of these bits isn't necessarily fulfilling in the end."<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu movie review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Alludu-Seenu/movie-review/38994948.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729215203/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Alludu-Seenu/movie-review/38994948.cms |archive-date=29 July 2014 |access-date=26 July 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave a review stating "Director V.V. Vinayak, adept at handling commercial entertainers involving established stars, has attempted to do something similar with a newcomer. The silliness that tries to pass off as comedy is numbing, and by the time these scenes play on screen, viewers have already been conditioned not to expect anything intelligent."<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=Alludu Seenu: Outlandish launch pad |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/alludu-seenu-outlandish-launch-pad/article6249134.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030071114/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/alludu-seenu-outlandish-launch-pad/article6249134.ece |archive-date=30 October 2017 |access-date=26 July 2014 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt3850358}}

{{V. V. Vinayak}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. V. Vinayak]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Films shot in Italy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]
[[Category:2014 masala films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2014 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2014 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyōgo Prefecture]]

Taj Aravali Resort & Spa

2026-03-22T00:20:02Z

Bihar: put up some bio more to come

{{short description|Luxury hotel and resort in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=December 2024}}
{{COI|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Taj Aravali Resort & Spa
| image =
| address = Near, 1, Kheemach Kheda, Kodiyat Main Rd, Forest Chowki, Bujra, [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] 313031
| coordinates = {{coord|24.5792|N|73.6114|E|display=inline,title}}
| opened_date = 21 December 2018
| owner = [[Taj Hotels]]
| parking = Yes
| number_of_rooms = 176
| website = {{URL|https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/hotels/taj-aravali-resort-and-spa-udaipur}}
}}
'''Taj Aravali Resort & Spa'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIDHI+ |url=https://nidhi.tourism.gov.in/home/details/d0b16b17-a777-4eae-8243-ecd976495f85 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=nidhi.tourism.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediscover Udaipur with the Opening of Taj Aravali Resort & Spa, Udaipur |url=https://hospibuz.com/rediscover-udaipur-with-the-opening-of-taj-aravali-resort-spa-udaipur/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=hospibuz.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taj Aravali Resort & Spa Udaipur |url=https://ihcldigitaldirectory.com/Taj-factsheets/Taj-Aravali-Resort-&-Spa-Udaipur.pdf |website=ihcldigitaldirectory.com}}</ref> is a [[Resort hotel|luxury resort]] located near [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], at the foothills of the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] Range.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taj |website=Tourism Breaking News |url=https://tourismbreakingnews.com/tag/taj/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Spread over 27 acres,<ref>{{Cite web |title=IHCL Opens Second Taj Branded Property in Udaipur with the Launch of Taj Aravali Resort & Spa, Udaipur |url=https://bwhotelier.com/article/ihcl-opens-second-taj-branded-property-in-udaipur-with-the-launch-of-taj-aravali-resort-spa-udaipur-165541 |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=BW Hotelier |language=en}}</ref> the resort opened in 2018<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Taj Aravali Resort & Spa- Udaipur, India Hotels- GDS Reservation Codes |url=https://www.travelweekly.com/Hotels/Udaipur-India/Taj-Aravali-Resort-Spa-p53135412 |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=travelweekly.com |language=en}}</ref> and offers 176 [[room]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ira Khan-Nupur Shikhare Wedding: Couple To Take Pheras In Luxury Udaipur Hotel, All 176 Rooms Booked - Details Inside |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/ira-khan-nupur-shikhare-wedding-couple-to-take-pheras-in-luxury-udaipur-hotel-all-176-rooms-booked-details-inside |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> [[Suite (hotel)|suites]], and [[tent]]s designed with regional decor elements. The property blends traditional [[Architecture of Rajasthan|Rajasthani architecture]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-11 |title=Taj Aravali {{!}} Studio Padmini Pandey {{!}} Udaipur |url=https://interiorlover.in/index.php/2021/11/11/taj-aravali-studio-padmini-pandey-udaipur/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Interiorlover.in |language=en-US}}</ref> with modern amenities, providing guests with a retreat-like experience surrounded by [[natural landscape]]s.

== Location ==
The resort is located about 9 kilometers from Udaipur and easy accessibility to all the local attractions- [[City Palace, Udaipur|City Palace]] (9 km), [[Monsoon Palace]] (6.2 km), [[Lake Palace|Taj Lake Palace]] (9.6 km), [[Fateh Sagar Lake]] (9.5 km) etc.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Taj Aravali Resort & Spa |url=https://www.travelrajputana.com/hotel/taj-aravali-resort-spa/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Travel Rajputana |language=en}}</ref> The nearest airport, [[Maharana Pratap Airport]], is approximately 30 kilometers<ref name=":0" /> away, while the Udaipur Railway Station is 11 kilometers from the resort.<ref name=":2" />

== History ==
The resort was inaugurated in 2018<ref name=":0" /> as part of the [[Taj Hotels]] brand, which is owned by the [[Indian Hotels Company Limited]] (IHCL). The design of the resort draws inspiration from the traditional [[architecture]] and culture of Rajasthan. The resort's architecture blends Rajasthani aesthetics with modern amenities, creating a contemporary interpretation of a royal retreat.<ref name=":1" />

== Dining ==

* '''Javitri:''' The vegetarian [[restaurant]] that serves traditional [[rajasthani cuisine]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-31 |title=Did You Hear A Second Taj Property Opens In Udaipur |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/travelnews/the-indian-hotels-company-opened-taj-aravali-resort-and-spa-in-udaipur |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Outlook Traveller |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Ridgeview:''' An all-day dining restaurant offering a mix of international and [[Indian dishes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About The Luxury Resort In Udaipur At Which Ira Khan And Nupur Shikhare Will Have Their Wedding Ceremony |url=https://www.ndtv.com/lifestyle/all-about-the-luxury-resort-in-udaipur-where-ira-khan-and-nupur-shikhare-will-have-their-wedding-ceremony-4804967 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Tiri:''' A modern fine dining restaurant with an emphasis on Mediterranean and [[global cuisine]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-07 |title=Ira Khan-Nupur wedding at Hotel Taj Aravali in Udaipur on January 10 |url=https://www.pinkcitypost.com/arya-nupur-wedding-at-hotel-taj-aravali-in-udaipur-on-january-10/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The PinkCity Post |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* '''Odeypore Lounge Bar:''' A type of indoor bar that serves [[finger food]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-25 |title=Rediscover Udaipur with Taj Aravali Resort & Spa |url=https://thetravellertrails.in/rediscover-udaipur-with-taj-aravali-resort-spa/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The Traveller Trails |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taj Aravali Udaipur - Luxury Resort in Udaipur |url=https://www.feeltheudaipur.com/blog/taj-aravali-udaipur/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Udaipurian |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Wellness and recreation ==

=== Jiva Spa ===
Taj's spa brand, Jiva [[Spa]] provides wellness and [[meditation]], including Ayurvedic therapies, massages, and wellness rituals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Taj hotel includes 15,000sq ft spa |website=spabusiness.com |url=https://www.spabusiness.com/wellness-news/New-Taj-hotel-includes-15000sq-ft-spa/340274 |access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hotels in Udaipur]]
[[Category:Hotels in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces]]

{{India-struct-stub}}

Kharagpur II

2026-03-21T11:20:55Z

Bihar:

{{other uses|Kharagpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kharagpur II
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kharagpur-II in Paschim Medinipur (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.3621415|N|87.4264526|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 265.63
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 28
| population_total = 183,440
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]] [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721301 (Old Kharagpur)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03221
| registration_plate = WB 34
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 76.08%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Pingla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pingla]]
| website = {{URL|paschimmedinipur.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =

}}
'''Kharagpur II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Kharagpur subdivision]] of [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. Kharagpur police station serves this block. Headquarters of this block is at Madpur.

==Geography==

In the Kharagpur II CD block, 65% of the cultivated area has [[laterite|lateritic]] soil and 35% has [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil.<ref name="geography">{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = page 26 (Predominant Soil) | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Madpur, headquarters of Kharagpur II block, is located at {{coord|22.3621415|N|87.4264526|E|format=dms|}}.

Kharagpur II CD block is bounded by [[Midnapore Sadar (community development block)|Midnapore Sadar]] CD block in the north, [[Debra (community development block)|Debra]] and [[Pingla (community development block)|Pingla]] CD blocks in the east, [[Narayangarh (community development block)|Narayangarh]] CD block in the south and [[Kharagpur I]] CD blocks in the west.

It is located 12 km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.

Kharagpur II CD block has an area of 265.63 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 9 [[gram panchayat]]s, 129 gram sansads (village councils), 353 [[mouza]]s and 330 inhabited villages. [[Kharagpur#Police stations|Kharagpur (Local)]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 14 September 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Madpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

Kharagpur II CD block has a forest cover of 7 hectares. Kharagpur Forest Division is primarily a social forestry division.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = Page 29 - Forests | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 25 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Kharagpur II block/ panchayat samiti are: Chakmakrampur, Changual, Kaliara I, Kaliara II, Lachhmpur, Palsya, Paparara I, Paparara II and Sankoa-II.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kharagpur II CD block had a total population of 183,440, all of which were rural. There were 92,546 (50%) males and 90,894 (50%) females. Population below 6 years was 22,527. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 34,138 (18.61%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 46,899 (25.57%).
<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

As per the 2001 census, Kharagpur II block had a total population of 161,790, out of which 82,326 were males and 79,464 were females. Kharagpur II block registered a population growth of 18.21 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Kharagpur II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Chakmakrampur (4,273), Papara (4,091).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Kharagpur II CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Palshya (1,536), Kaliara (1,970), Sankoa (2,759), Changual (3,737) and Lachmapur (2,019).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in Kharagpur II CD block was 122,415 (76.08% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 68,212 (84.10% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 54,203 (67.92% of the female population over 6 years). The gender gap in literacy rates was 16.18%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Kharagpur II CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|84.99}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|12.94}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.62}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 155,905 and formed 84.99% of the population in Kharagpur II CD block. Muslims numbered 26,405 and formed 14.39% of the population. Others numbered 1,130 and formed 0.62% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Christian and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 86.81% and Muslims 12.94% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Kharagpur II CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 88.23 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 10.53 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.24 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 88.23% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 10.53% [[Santali language|Santali]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==BPL families==
In Kharagpur II CD block 53.57% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=bpl>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 177 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I CD blocks have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=bpl/>

==Economy==
===Infrastructure===
327 or 93% of mouzas in Kharagpur II CD block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 September 2020}}</ref>

346 mouzas in Kharagpur II CD block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 93 fertiliser depots, 30 seed stores and 39 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Kharagpur II CD block'''
|value1 = 8.62
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 31.69
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 4.87
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 27.42
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 27.42
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Kharagpur II CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 8.62%, patta (document) holders 31.69%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 4.87%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 27.42% and agricultural labourers 27.42%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Kharagpur II CD block was 20,440 hectares out of geographical area of 26,587 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 15,066 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work = Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominant agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods, pages 129-131 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Kharagpur II CD block was 12,566 hectares, out of which 5,000 hectares were irrigated by canals, 135 hectares by tank water, 1,600 hectares by deep tubewells, 5,225 hectares by shallow tubewells, 500 hectares by river lift irrigation and 105 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Kharagpur II CD Block produced 7,841 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 4,887 hectares, 2,255 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 6,935 hectares, 12,546 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,156 hectares and 71,634 tonnes of potatoes from 2,525 hectares. It also produced oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Kharagpur II CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Kharagpur II CD Block has 1 ferry service and 4 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Howrah-Kharagpur line]] passes through this CD block. Jakpur, Madpur and Shyam Chak are stations on this line.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/14685/167/165 |title = Kharagpur-Howrah Local 38606 | publisher= Indiarailinfo | access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref>

The Dankuni-Kharagpur sector of [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]] ([[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|old number NH 6]]) passes through this block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=6 August 2016|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Kharagpur II CD block had 143 primary schools with 9,482 students, 5 middle schools with 515 students, 12 high schools with 5,263 students and 14 higher secondary schools with 13,626 students. Telipukur High School (H.S.), Madpur Girl's High school and Madpur Boy's High school are some of best school in this Block. Kharagpur II CD block had 418 institutions for special and non-formal education with 6,228 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Kharagpur II CD block out of the total 142 primary schools in 2008-2009, 34 had pucca buildings, 38 partially pucca, 11 kucha and 59 multiple type.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page: 60 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 31 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Ambigeria Government College]], also known as '''Madpur College''', is the only general degree college in this block.

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Kharagpur II CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres and 4 private nursing homes with total 63 beds and 9 doctors. It had 25 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 1,579 patients were treated indoor and 69,104 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Changual Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds at [[Changual]], is the major government medical facility in the Kharagpur II CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at: Gokulpur (PO Bar Gokulpur) (with 6 beds) and Paparara (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 September 2020 | archive-date =16 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200816074737/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 September 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Sheikh Najmul Haque]] (born 1951), six-time MLA of Kharagpur

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Paschim Medinipur district]]

Pornography in India

2026-03-18T04:32:56Z

Bihar:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Tone|date=October 2025}}
{{Cleanup|date=October 2025|reason=Texts in wrong sections}}
{{Disputed|date=October 2025}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}

[[Pornography]] in [[India]] is illegal in all forms which include the [[Mass media|print media]], [[electronic media]], and [[digital media]] ([[Over-the-top media service|OTT]]). Hosting, displaying, uploading, modifying, publishing, transmitting, storing, updating or sharing pornography is illegal in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IT Act Amendment 2021 |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Revised-IT-Rules-2021-proposed-amended.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Explained: Laws Related To Pornography In India |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/laws-related-to-pornography-in-india-579700.html |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426083607/https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/laws-related-to-pornography-in-india-579700.html }}</ref><ref name="Raj 100272"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT platforms have freedom for creativity not obscenity: Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ott-platforms-have-freedom-for-creativity-not-obscenity-anurag-thakur-2348803-2023-03-19 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=India Today |date=19 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528072302/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ott-platforms-have-freedom-for-creativity-not-obscenity-anurag-thakur-2348803-2023-03-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[India's Supreme Court]] has said that "OTT regulation is a necessity as some OTT's [such as] [[ALTT]] and Ullu show [[Nudity in film|nudity]], [[obscenity]] and even [[Pornographic film|porn]], because of the absence of any proper rules and regulation."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=OTT regulations a necessity as some even show porn, says SC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ott-regulations-a-necessity-as-some-even-show-porn-says-sc-101614892661756.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921223344/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ott-regulations-a-necessity-as-some-even-show-porn-says-sc-101614892661756.html |archive-date=21 September 2022 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-06 |title='No teeth': SC wants stricter OTT rules |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-teeth-sc-wants-stricter-ottrules-101614984717011.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601195037/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-teeth-sc-wants-stricter-ottrules-101614984717011.html |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

On 22 August 2023, the [[Government of India]] assured that it would bring rules and regulation to check [[Vulgarity|vulgar]] and [[Obscenity|obscene]] content on [[social media]] and [[Over-the-top media services in India|OTT platforms]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=Centre To Bring Rules To Check Vulgar Content On Social Media And OTT Platforms |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/centre-to-bring-rules-to-check-vulgar-content-on-social-media-and-ott-platforms-10095478 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre To Bring Rules To Check Vulgar Content On Social Media, Streaming Platforms |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-bring-rules-to-check-vulgar-content-on-social-media-streaming-platforms-4319332 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rituraj |last2=Hindi |first2=India TV |date=2023-08-22 |title=OTT प्लेटफ़ाॅर्म पर अश्लील काॅन्टेंट परोसने के मुद्दे पर केंद्र सरकार ने कह दी बड़ी बात।(Trans. The Central Government said a big thing on the issue of showing obscene content on the OTT platforms.)|url=https://www.indiatv.in/india/national/central-government-statement-came-out-on-the-issue-of-serving-obscene-content-on-ott-platform-2023-08-22-983148 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=India TV Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>
On 14 March 2024, the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] banned eighteen OTT apps from the [[Google Play|Google Play store]] and suspended all 57 of their social media accounts, as well as closed 19 streaming [[website]]s. The banned platforms are MoodX, Prime Play, Hunters, Besharams, Rabbit movies, Voovi, Fugi, Mojflix, Chikooflix, Nuefliks, Xtramood, NeonX VIP, X Prime, Tri Flicks, Uncut Adda, Dreams Films, Hot Shots VIP, and Yessma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Government blocks 18 OTT platforms, 10 apps for vulgar content |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-cracks-down-against-ott-platforms-apps-website-for-vulgar-content-9213789/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=18 OTT platforms blocked by I&B ministry over vulgar content: Xtramood, Uncut Adda, Besharams… |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/ib-ministry-takes-down-these-18-ott-platforms-over-vulgar-content-check-complete-list-here-101710401491344.html |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-14 |title=Government bans 18 OTT platforms, 19 websites, 10 apps and 57 social media accounts for showing obscene and pornographic content |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/government-bans-18-ott-platforms-19-websites-10-apps-and-57-social-media-accounts-for-showing-obscene-and-pornographic-content/articleshow/108485694.cms |access-date=2024-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
On 25 July 2025, the Ministry [[banned]] 25 OTT apps from the Google Play store and suspended all 40 of their social media accounts, as well as closed 26 streaming websites. The banned platforms include ALTT, Ullu, Big Shots App, Desiflix, Boomex, NeonX VIP, Navarasa Lite, Gulab App, Kangan App, Bull App, ShowHit, Jalva App, Wow Entertainment, Look Entertainment, Hitprime, Fugi, Feneo, ShowX, Sol Talkies, Adda TV, HotX VIP, Hulchul App, MoodX, Triflicks, and Mojflix.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-centre-banned-25-ott-platforms-101753633610373.html|title=Why Centre banned 25 OTT platforms|website=Hindustan Times|date=27 July 2025|access-date=27 July 2025|first=Sejal|last=Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Paliwal |first1=Aishwarya |title=Ullu, ALTT, Desiflix among 25 OTT platforms banned for showing soft porn|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ullu-altt-desiflix-and-other-ott-platforms-banned-for-showing-soft-porn-content-2761128-2025-07-25 |website=India Today |access-date=25 July 2025 |language=en-in |date=25 July 2025}}</ref>
On 24 February 2026, the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] [[Ban (law)|banned]] from 5 OTT apps from [[Google Play|Google play store]] and suspended all of their 5 [[social media]] accounts, as well as 5 closed streaming [[website]]s. The banned platforms were include Feel App, Digi Movieplex, Jugnu App, MoodX VIP, and Koyal Playpro.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gavankar |first1=Vaishnavi |title=Government blocks 5 OTT platforms over alleged obscene content, action taken under IT Rules 2021|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/government-blocks-5-ott-platforms-over-alleged-obscene-content-action-taken-under-it-rules-2021-article-13842843.html|website=Money Control|access-date=24 February 2026 |language=en-in |date=24 February 2026}}</ref>

== Legality ==
* The selling and distribution of [[pornography|pornographic material]] is illegal in India under section 292 of the [[Indian Penal Code]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Section 292 in The Indian Penal Code |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1704109/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418052347/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1704109/ |archive-date=18 April 2009 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>
* The distribution, sale, or circulation of obscene materials and the selling of pornographic content to any person under age 20 years are illegal under section 293 and IT Act-67B.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Section 293 in The Indian Penal Code |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/601866/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524044522/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/601866/ |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>
* Child pornography is illegal and strictly prohibited across the country under section 67B of the [[Information Technology Act, 2000]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Central Government Act: Section 67 [B] in The Information Technology Act, 2000 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/176300164/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807002757/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/176300164/ |archive-date=7 August 2015 |access-date=11 July 2018 |website=Indian Kanoon}}</ref>
* The manufacturing, publishing and distribution of pornography are illegal under sections 292 and 293.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rajak |first=Brajesh |title=Pornography Laws: XXX Must not be Tolerated. In order to curb this Jio has blocked around 827 pornographic sites in Oct 2018. |publisher=Universal Law Co. |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-7534-999-5 |edition=Paperback |location=Delhi |page=61 |orig-date=2011}}</ref>
* In 2022, the [[Department of Telecommunications]] (DOT) banned 63 porn websites as per the IT Act (2021 Amendment).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-27 |title=857 porn sites banned in India; Govt plans ombudsman for Net content |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/technology/porn-ban-in-india-sparks-censorship-debate/113070/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=FE Tech Bytes |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528090109/https://www.financialexpress.com/life/technology/porn-ban-in-india-sparks-censorship-debate/113070/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-29 |title=Here is the full list of 827 porn websites blocked by DoT |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/here-is-the-full-list-of-827-porn-websites-banned-by-the-dot-5421127/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029101603/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/here-is-the-full-list-of-827-porn-websites-banned-by-the-dot-5421127/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=63 porn sites banned by the govt; check full list of names |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/63-porn-sites-banned-by-the-govt-check-full-list-of-names-348630-2022-09-30 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=Business Today |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528090109/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/63-porn-sites-banned-by-the-govt-check-full-list-of-names-348630-2022-09-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Types of publication==
===Print===
Studies have found that print media is less widely accessible than internet media in India. A randomized survey of 96 random vendors, such as video stores, mobile downloads/recharge stores and [[Internet café|cybercafés]], in [[Haryana]] found that 17% displayed pornography openly, 34% displayed it semi-openly, and 49% kept it hidden.<ref name=":0">Ravi Shankar, (2012). "Nu(de) Media: A Preliminary Study Into the Young Peoples' Access to Pornography Through the New Media". ''Indian Streams Research Journal,'' Vol. II, Issue IV, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/975.pdf
</ref> It is possible that cultural taboos<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | last1 = Verma | first1 = R. K. | last2 = Mahendra | first2 = V. S. | year = 2004 | title = Construction of masculinity in India: A gender and sexual health perspective | url = | journal = Journal of Family Welfare | volume = 50 | issue = | pages = 71–78 }}</ref> and legal issues (such as those described below) make it more desirable to view pornography in India through Internet media, such as computers or smartphones, for more privacy.<ref name="Raj 100272">{{Cite journal |last1=Raj |first1=Sony J. |last2=Menon |first2=Devadas |date=December 2023 |title=Porn Tube sites: How do gratifications, interactivity and contextual age predict usage and addiction in India? |journal=Science Talks |volume=8 |article-number=100272 |doi=10.1016/j.sctalk.2023.100272 |issn=2772-5693|doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== Internet ===
{{multiple image
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| footer = [[Sherlyn Chopra]] (left) was and [[Poonam Pandey]] (right) is very active on the adult platform [[OnlyFans]]
| image1 = Sherlyn Chopra at the launch of Anuradha Sawhney's book 'The Vegan Kitchen Bollywood Style!' (01).jpg
| image2 = Poonam pandey colors indian telly awards.jpg
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Internet pornography has become very popular in India with from 30% up to 70% of total traffic from porn websites. It has become a major portion of traffic and source of data revenue for [[telecom companies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/VhuXq3jfADn2CrhK8nJ7pL/Oops-Indian-ISPs-telcos-could-lose-3070-of-data-revenue.html|title=Oops, Indian ISPs, telcos could lose 30-70% of data revenue because of porn ban|first=Shauvik|last=Ghosh|work=mint |date=4 August 2015|access-date=12 November 2016|archive-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507081446/http://www.livemint.com/Industry/VhuXq3jfADn2CrhK8nJ7pL/Oops-Indian-ISPs-telcos-could-lose-3070-of-data-revenue.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Raj 100272"/> A popular porn site released viewership data and national capital [[Delhi]] recorded up to 40% of all traffic.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/Indians-love-desi-porn-Delhi-tops-with-39-traffic/articleshow/51725868.cms|title=Indians love 'desi' porn, Delhi tops with 39% traffic - The Economic Times|access-date=12 November 2016|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=7 April 2016|last1=Mohammed|first1=Syed|archive-date=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101154332/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/Indians-love-desi-porn-Delhi-tops-with-39-traffic/articleshow/51725868.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

One survey found that 63% of youths in urban areas such as Haryana reported watching pornography, with 74% accessing it through their mobile phones.<ref name=":0" /> As smartphone and internet access in India continues to increase, more people will be able to privately view pornography.<ref>Shaik S, Rajkumar RP. Internet access and sexual offences against children: an analysis of crime bureau statistics from India. Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences. 2015 Mar 8.</ref> Quartz found that 50% of Indian IP addresses accessed popular pornography websites on mobile phones. Online [[erotic comics]] have also become popular in India as the internet becomes more accessible to the common citizen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2009-05-04/meet-indias-first-porn-star|title=Meet India's first porn star|website=Public Radio International|date=10 March 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-01-02|archive-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102193449/https://www.pri.org/stories/2009-05-04/meet-indias-first-porn-star|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Judicial opinion ==
In July 2015, the [[Supreme Court of India]] refused to allow the blocking of pornographic websites and said that watching pornography indoors in the privacy of one's own home was not a crime.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-09 |title=It's legal to watch porn in the privacy of your house, says SC |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india/it-s-legal-to-watch-porn-in-the-privacy-of-your-house-says-sc/story-WSre0BXJDfHbErouNgmdtK.html |access-date=2016-12-20 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Later in 2015, the [[Department of Telecommunications|DOT]] banned 857 pornographic websites, lifted the ban again, and then asked [[Internet service provider]]s to ban only such websites where there is [[child pornography]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-08 |title=India porn ban: How the government was forced to reverse course |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33810775 |access-date=2023-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 August 2015 |title=Banned: Complete list of 857 porn websites blocked in India |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150803/nation-current-affairs/article/porn-ban-complete-list-857-porn-websites-blocked-india |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612190444/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150803/nation-current-affairs/article/porn-ban-complete-list-857-porn-websites-blocked-india |archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=5 August 2015 |title=India lifts porn ban after widespread outrage |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33783539 |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703123151/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33783539 |archive-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>

The Supreme Court of India, in ''Khoday Distilleries Ltd. and Ors. v. State of Karnataka and Ors.''{{Snd}}''(1995) 1 SCC 574'', held that there is no fundamental right to carry on the business of exhibiting and publishing pornographic or obscene films and literature.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://onelawstreet.com/1994/10/khoday-distilleries-ltd-and-ors-v-state-of-karnataka-and-ors-1995-1-scc-574/|title = Khoday Distilleries Ltd. and Ors. v. State of Karnataka and Ors. - (1995) 1 SCC 574|date = 19 October 1989|access-date = 4 June 2015|website = 1, Law Street|publisher = Supreme Court of India|archive-date = 22 April 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160422025520/http://onelawstreet.com/1994/10/khoday-distilleries-ltd-and-ors-v-state-of-karnataka-and-ors-1995-1-scc-574/}}</ref>

''Kamlesh Vaswani vs. Union of India and Ors'' in 2013 (diary 5917, 2013), a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] (PIL) petition was filed in the Supreme Court seeking a ban on pornography in India.<ref name="MSingh">{{cite web|url=http://onelawstreet.com/2014/12/pornography-ban-kamlesh-vaswani/|title=Kamlesh Vaswani v. Union of India & Ors. (Pornography ban matter)|author=Mohit Singh|date=10 July 2015|work=1, Law Street|access-date=27 November 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Court issued a notice to the central government and sought its response. The government informed the Court that the Cyber Regulation Advisory Committee constituted under Section 88 of the IT Act, 2000 was assigned with a brief with regard to availability of pornography on the Internet and it was looking into the matter.<ref name="MSingh" />

On 26 January 2016, the Supreme Court in written order, instructed the government "to suggest the ways and means so that these activities are curbed. The innocent children cannot be made prey to these kind of painful situations, and a nation, by no means, can afford to carry any kind of experiment with its children in the name of liberty and freedom of expression. When we say nation, we mean each member of the collective".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/jonew/ropor/rop/all/484949.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501162435/http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/jonew/ropor/rop/all/484949.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2018 |title=Writ Petition(s)(Civil) No(s). 177/2013 |publisher=Supreme Court of India |date=26 February 2016}}</ref>

The Supreme Court has said that it can't stop an adult from viewing pornography or sexually explicit material in private spaces, citing Article 21 (the right to [[personal liberty]]) of the [[Indian constitution]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-08 |title=Can't stop an adult from watching porn in his room, says SC |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cant-stop-an-adult-from-watching-porn-in-his-room-says-sc/article7400690.ece |access-date=2023-08-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 18 February 2015, the organization [[Prajwala]] submitted ''Videos of Sexual Violence and Recommendations'', a ''[[suo moto]]'' PIL filed in the Supreme Court (Diary No. 6818, 2015). Prajwala pleaded with the court to stop the rampant circulation of rape videos through the mobile application [[WhatsApp]]. The Supreme Court has ordered a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] probe to find and arrest the culprits clearly visible in the videos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/jonew/ropor/rop/all/236248.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202636/https://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/jonew/ropor/rop/all/236248.pdf|archive-date=5 November 2018|title=Suo Motu W.P.(Crl.)No(s).3/2015|publisher=Supreme Court of India|date=27 February 2015}}</ref>

== Socio-cultural attitudes ==
Many sex-related topics, such as pornography, are considered taboo in traditional Indian households.<ref name=":1" /> This seems to be rapidly changing, especially in urbanized cities. Researchers have found that the primary sex education of low-income college youth born in the late 1970s to early 1980s in India comes from pornography and conversations amongst their peers, based on focus group discussions, interviews, and surveys.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Abraham | first1 = L | year = 2001 | title = Redrawing the Lakshman rekha: Gender differences and cultural constructions in youth sexuality in urban India | url = | journal = South Asia | volume = 24 | issue = | pages = 133–156 | doi = 10.1080/00856400108723441 }}</ref> However, due to the internet and increased access for the common citizen, pornography has slowly entered the public discourse, most notably with the outrage towards a 2015 government order to censor 857 websites that contained explicit materials.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/aug/05/india-lifts-ban-on-internet-pornography-after-criticisms|title=India lifts ban on internet pornography after criticism|first=Nadia|last=Khomami|date=5 August 2015|access-date=12 November 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=14 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014171538/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/aug/05/india-lifts-ban-on-internet-pornography-after-criticisms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, [[Sunny Leone]]'s participation in one of India's most popular reality shows, [[Bigg Boss]], initiated debate about the place of pornography in the country. The ratings and tolerance for her appearance was noted in contrast with India's cultural attitudes on sex. Leone was recruited by director [[Mahesh Bhatt]] at the Bigg Boss house for her first Bollywood film, ''Jism 2''.<ref name="burke">{{cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Jason |title=Porn star Sunny Leone causes a stir in India – by keeping clothes on |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/04/porn-star-sunny-leone-india |access-date=11 January 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=4 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Sunny-Leone-says-yes-to-Mahesh-Bhatt/Article1-776614.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202111347/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Sunny-Leone-says-yes-to-Mahesh-Bhatt/Article1-776614.aspx |archive-date=December 2, 2011 |title=Sunny Leone says yes to Mahesh Bhatt |work=Hindustan Times |year=2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011}}</ref>

==Homosexual pornography==
Homosexual pornography is not widely available in print, due to the socio-culture taboo surrounding both pornography and homosexuality (see [[LGBT culture in India]]). However, Indian IP addresses access both lesbian and gay porn using the internet, with a 213% increase in searches for gay porn from 2013 to 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/300478/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-how-india-watches-porn-in-one-map-and-five-charts/|title=Everything you wanted to know about how India watches porn in one map and five charts|date=21 November 2014|access-date=12 November 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220025424/http://qz.com/300478/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-how-india-watches-porn-in-one-map-and-five-charts/|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, the most popular search for pornography amongst females in India, centers on lesbian and gay pornography.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

== Violence ==
Important people{{who|date=April 2024}} in media have argued that censoring pornography would decrease rapes in India. There has not been a link between pornography being a significant factor in the rate of crime and violence in India.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Math | first1 = S.B. | last2 = Viswanath | first2 = B. | last3 = Maroky | first3 = A.S. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = N.C. | last5 = Cherian | first5 = A.V. | last6 = Nirmala | first6 = M.C. | year = 2014 | title = Sexual crime in India: is it influenced by pornography? | url = | journal = Indian J Psychol Med | volume = 36 | issue = 2| pages = 147–152 | doi = 10.4103/0253-7176.130976 | pmid = 24860215 | pmc = 4031582 | doi-access = free }}</ref> On the contrary, in other countries, increased availability of porn has been correlated with lower rates of sexual violence.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kutchinsky |first1=Berl |title=The Effect of Easy Availability of Pornography on the Incidence of Sex Crimes: The Danish Experience |journal=Journal of Social Issues |date=1973 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=163–181 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00094.x |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-29962-001 |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027182110/https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-29962-001 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Milton |last2=Uchiyama |first2=Ayako |title=Pornography, rape, and sex crimes in Japan. |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |date=1999 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1016/S0160-2527(98)00035-1 |pmid=10086287 |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-10442-001 |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026111241/https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-10442-001 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Milton |last2=Jozifkova |first2=Eva |last3=Weiss |first3=Petr |title=Pornography and sex crimes in the Czech Republic |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |date=2011 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=1037–1050 |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9696-y |pmid=21116701 |s2cid=19381087 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-010-9696-y |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027204430/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-010-9696-y |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Sex ==
Some studies have speculated that pornography influences sex work in India.<ref>Bradley, J., Rajaram, S. P., Isac, S., Gurav, K., Ramesh, B. M., Gowda, C., Moses, S., & Alary, M. (2015). Pornography, Sexual Enhancement Products and Sexual Risk of Female Sex Workers and their Clients in Southern India. ''Archives of sexual behavior'', 1-10.
</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal | last1 = Tucker | first1 = S. | last2 = Krishna | first2 = R. | last3 = Prabhakar | first3 = P. | last4 = Panyam | first4 = S. | last5 = Anand | first5 = P. | year = 2012 | title = Exploring dynamics of anal sex among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh | url = | journal = Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS | volume = 33 | issue = 1| pages = 9–15 | doi = 10.4103/0253-7184.93787 | pmid = 22529447 | pmc = 3326863 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite journal | last1 = Beattie | first1 = T. S. H. | last2 = Bradley | first2 = J. E. | last3 = Vanta | first3 = U. D. | last4 = Lowndes | first4 = C. M. | last5 = Alary | first5 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Vulnerability re-assessed: The changing face of sex work in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh | url = | journal = AIDS Care | volume = 25 | issue = 3| pages = 378–384 | doi = 10.1080/09540121.2012.701726 | pmid = 22783833 }}</ref> For instance, one study of 555 female sex workers found that 45% self-reported pornographic influence driving clientele desire for anal sex.<ref name=":2" /> In another study, female sex workers reported being asked to perform new sexual acts such as anal sex, masturbation and different sex positions, requests that they believed were due to an increased exposure to pornography.<ref name=":3" /> The implications of such work is currently unclear for public health policy in India.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Human sexuality|Erotica and pornography|Sex work|Nudity}}
* [[Pornography laws by region]]
* [[Legality of child pornography]]
* [[Internet censorship in India]]
* [[Sex in Indian entertainment]]
* [[Sexuality in India]]
* [[Pornography laws by region]]
* [[Pornography in Asia]]
* [[Pornography in the United States]]
* [[Ullu]]
* [[Debonair (magazine)|''Debonair'' (magazine)]]
* [[Kirtu]]
** ''[[Savita Bhabhi]]''
** [[Savita Bhabhi (film)|''Savita Bhabhi'' (film)]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{cite journal |author = Ketaki Chowkhani |title = Pleasure, bodies and risk: women's viewership of pornography in urban India |journal = Porn Studies |volume = 3 |number = 4 |pages = 443–452 |year = 2016 |publisher = [[Routledge]] |doi = 10.1080/23268743.2016.1147374 }}
* {{cite book |title= Pornography and its devastating consequences of the women and children in India |author= Dixon, D.F. |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lqUmEAAAQBAJ |year= 2014 |publisher= Dominic F Dixon |access-date= 5 January 2022 |archive-date= 5 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230405004442/https://books.google.com/books?id=lqUmEAAAQBAJ |url-status= live }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Sharma | first1 = MK | last2 = Rao | first2 = GN | last3 = Benegal | first3 = V | last4 = Thennarasu | first4 = K | last5 = Oommen | first5 = D | year = 2019 | title = Use of pornography in India: Need to explore its implications | url = | journal = [[The National Medical Journal of India]] | volume = 32 | issue = 5| pages = 282–284 | doi = 10.4103/0970-258X.295968 | pmid = 32985442 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite book|title=Cyber Crime in India: A Comparative Study|author=Dasgupta, M.|isbn=978-8-171-77216-2|lccn=2009305808|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7o9QAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Eastern Law House|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404214912/https://books.google.com/books?id=7o9QAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=Cyber Sexy: Rethinking Pornography|author=Padte, R.K.|isbn=978-9-353-05038-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqxZDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404214911/https://books.google.com/books?id=mqxZDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Datta | first1 = S. | last2 = Panda | first2 = R. | last3 = Das | first3 = S. | year = 2017 | title = Need for Personal Space: Legalizing Pornography in India | url = https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/74185| journal = Media Watch | volume = 8 | issue = 3| pages = 355–365 | doi = 10.15655/mw/2017/v8i3/49152 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Vinnakota | first1 = Divya | last2 = Arafat | first2 = S. M. Yasir | last3 = Kumar Kar | first3 = Sujita | last4 = Sivasubramanian | first4 = Madhini | last5 = Razia Hossain | first5 = Sayeda | last6 = Davod Parsa | first6 = Ali | last7 = Kabir | first7 = Russell | year = 2021 | title = Pornography and Sexual Violence Against Women in India: A Scoping Review | url = | journal = Journal of Psychosexual Health | volume = 3 | issue = 3| pages = 216–21 | doi = 10.1177/26318318211023935 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite book|title=Purifying Empire: Obscenity and the Politics of Moral Regulation in Britain, India and Australia|author=Heath, D.|isbn=978-1-139-48818-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fg94H7kUcoC|year=2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|access-date=5 January 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152128/https://books.google.com/books?id=4fg94H7kUcoC|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal|author = Anirban K. Baishya|title = Pornography of place: Location, leaks and obscenity in the Indian MMS porn video|journal = South Asian Popular Culture|volume = 15|number = 1|pages = 57–71|year = 2017|publisher = [[Routledge]]|doi = 10.1080/14746689.2017.1351089|s2cid = 148632540}}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 25423311 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0113599 | volume=9 | title=Exposure to pornographic videos and its effect on HIV-related sexual risk behaviours among male migrant workers in southern India | pmc=4244083 | year=2014 | journal=PLOS ONE | article-number=e113599 | last1 = Mahapatra | first1 = B | last2 = Saggurti | first2 = N | issue=11 | bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k3599M | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Bradley | first1 = J. | last2 = Rajaram | first2 = S.P. | last3 = Isac | first3 = S. | display-authors = etal | year = 2016 | title = Pornography, Sexual Enhancement Products, and Sexual Risk of Female Sex Workers and their Clients in Southern India | url = | journal = [[Archives of Sexual Behavior]] | volume = 45 | issue = 4| pages = 945–954 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-015-0486-4 | pmid = 25905909 }}
* {{cite book|title=Made in India: Decolonizations, Queer Sexualities, Trans/national Projects|author=Bhaskaran, S.|isbn=978-1-403-97925-4|lccn=2004044506|series=Comparative Feminist Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XezFAAAAQBAJ|year=2004|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] US|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152129/https://books.google.com/books?id=XezFAAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=Feminism and Indian Realities|author=Kunjakkan, K.A.|isbn=978-8-170-99834-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=utwncfF8mP0C|year=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152131/https://books.google.com/books?id=utwncfF8mP0C|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=Cyber Crimes against Women in India|author=Halder, D. and Jaishankar, K.|isbn=978-9-385-98576-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uztwDQAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404214909/https://books.google.com/books?id=uztwDQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |last=Parrinder |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Parrinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LsnAAAAYAAJ |title=Sexual Morality in the World's Religions |date=1996 |publisher=Oneworld Publications, Oxford |isbn=978-1-85168-108-2 |language=en }}
* {{cite book|title=Pornistan: How to Survive the Porn Epidemic in India|author=Gautam, A.|isbn=978-9-385-85468-2|lccn=2018330828|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgLfDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=Readomania|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152132/https://books.google.com/books?id=DgLfDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=Psycho-social Health Issues in Indian Youth: Emerging Trends and Intervention|author=Wadkar, A.|isbn=978-9-354-79113-0|lccn=2021042987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExtNEAAAQBAJ|year=2021|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152133/https://books.google.com/books?id=ExtNEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal | pmid = 24860215 | doi=10.4103/0253-7176.130976 | volume=36 | title=Sexual Crime in India: Is it Influenced by Pornography? | pmc=4031582 | year=2014 | journal=Indian J Psychol Med | pages=147–52 | last1 = Math | first1 = SB | last2 = Viswanath | first2 = B | last3 = Maroky | first3 = AS | last4 = Kumar | first4 = NC | last5 = Cherian | first5 = AV | last6 = Nirmala | first6 = MC | issue=2 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite book |last1= Rathus |first1= Spencer A |last2= Nevid |first2= Jeffrey S. |last3= Fichner-Rathus |first3= Lois |url= https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/Rathus-Human-Sexuality-in-a-Changing-World-Books-a-la-Carte-Edition-10th-Edition/P200000003031/9780137533527 |date= 2018 |title= Human Sexuality in a Changing World |publisher= Pearson Education |isbn= 978-0-134-52506-8 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Devangana |date=1975 |title=Erotic Sculpture of India: A Socio-cultural Study |isbn=978-0-07-096384-9 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmdQAAAAMAAJ}}
*{{cite book |last=Lidke |first=Jeffrey S |editor1-last=Machacek |editor1-first=David W |editor2-last=Wilcox |editor2-first=Melissa M |chapter=A Union of Fire and Water: Sexuality and Spirituality in Hinduism |title=Sexuality and the World's Religions |location=University of Virginia |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |date=2003 |isbn=978-1-57607-359-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tronAAAAYAAJ}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://indiacode.nic.in/ India Code Legislative Department]

{{India topics}}
{{Asia topic|prefix=Pornography in|countries_only=yes}}
{{Sexual revolution}}
{{Sex}}
{{Human sexuality}}
{{Pornography}}
{{Pornography legality}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pornography In India}}
[[Category:Pornography in India| ]]
[[Category:Discrimination in India]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Sex laws]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies]]
[[Category:Freedom of speech in India]]
[[Category:Sexuality in India]]
[[Category:Child pornography law]]

Shalabh Bhatnagar

2026-03-11T06:30:43Z

Bihar: put up the article first draft

{{Short description|Indian professor and computer scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific-suffix =
| name = Shalabh Bhatnagar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1968}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| fields = [[Computer Science]], [[Reinforcement Learning]], [[stochastic optimization|Stochastic Approximation]], [[Optimization]]
| workplaces = [[Indian Institute of Science]]
| alma_mater = {{ulist|[[University of Delhi]]|[[Indian Institute of Science]]}}
| known_for = [[Actor-critic algorithm]], [[stochastic optimization|Stochastic Approximation]]
| awards = J.C.Bose National Fellow (2020), [[IEEE|IEEE Fellow]] (2025)
| website = [https://www.csa.iisc.ac.in/~shalabh/index.html csa.iisc.ac.in/~shalabh/index.html]
}}
'''Shalabh Bhatnagar''' (born 1968) is an Indian professor of Computer Science and Automation at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore. He is the convenor of the Stochastic Systems Laboratory and an associate faculty member at the Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber‑Physical Systems at IISc. His research spans stochastic approximation, reinforcement learning, and simulation optimization, with applications in vehicular traffic control, smart grids, and communication networks.

==Education and career==
Born in 1968, Bhatnagar earned his the Bachelors degree (Hons.) in physics from the [[University of Delhi]], Delhi, India, in 1988. Masters and Ph.D. from the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 1992 and 1998 respectively. He held postdoctoral positions at the Institute for Systems Research, [[University of Maryland, College Park]], USA, during 1997 to 2000 and at the [[Vrije Universiteit]], Amsterdam, Netherlands, during 2000-2001. He was subsequently a Visiting Faculty Member at IIT Delhi before joining IISc as an Assistant Professor in December 2001. Since 2011, Bhatnagar has served as Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Automation at IISc Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shalabh Bhatnagar - IEEE Xplore Author details |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37276335900 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>

==Research contributions==
He leads the Stochastic Systems Laboratory,<ref>{{cite web |title=Stochastic Systems Lab - IISc - Open Day |url=https://www.csa.iisc.ac.in/sem-evts/openday/posters/stochastic.pdf |website=csa.iisc.ac |publisher=Department of Computer Science and Automation}}</ref> where his group develops [[reinforcement learning]] algorithms-particularly [[Actor-critic algorithm|actor-critic]] and simulation‑based optimization methods-for complex stochastic systems. His group has applied these methods to vehicular [[traffic signal]] control<ref>{{cite news |title=IISc Plan to Speed up Signals |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2015/Jul/08/iisc-plan-to-speed-up-signals-780607.html |access-date=6 August 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=8 July 2015 |language=en}}</ref> and [[wireless network]] optimization.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Shalabh |title=Adaptive Newton-based multivariate smoothed functional algorithms for simulation optimization |journal=ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. |date=12 December 2007 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=2:1–2:35 |doi=10.1145/1315575.1315577 |issn=1049-3301}}</ref>

Currently, he is serving as an Associate Editors at ''[[IEEE Control Systems Society|IEEE Control Systems Letters]]''′<ref>{{Cite web |title=Associate Editors - IEEE Control Systems Letters (L-CSS) |url=http://ieee-cssletters.dei.unipd.it/Page_editorialboard.php?p=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319112325/http://ieee-cssletters.dei.unipd.it/Page_editorialboard.php?p=4 |archive-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> and ''Systems and Control Letters''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=System & Control Letters - Editorial board |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/systems-and-control-letters/about/editorial-board |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163438/https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/systems-and-control-letters/about/editorial-board |archive-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
*Fellow, [[IEEE]] for contributions to stochastic recursive algorithms for optimization, control, and reinforcement learning (2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=IEEE Fellow Class of 2025 |url=https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/fellows/2025-fellows-class-announcement.pdf |website=www.ieee.org |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date=5 August 2025}}</ref>
*Fellow, Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association (2023)<ref>{{cite news |title=Fellows - Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association |url=https://www.aaia-ai.org/fellows?page=93 |access-date=6 August 2025 |work=www.aaia-ai.org}}</ref>
*J.C.Bose National Fellow (2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=JC Bose Fellows 2019-20 |url=https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/sites/all/themes/vigyan/images/banner_articles/JC%20Bose%20Fellows%202019-20.pdf |website=www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in |publisher=[[Department of Science and Technology (India)]] |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>
*Fellow, [[Indian National Science Academy]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=INSA :: Fellow Detail (P18-1771) |url=https://insajournal.in/intranetinsa/fellow_detail.php?id=P18-1771 |website=insajournal.in |publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]] |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>
*Fellow, [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (2013)<ref>{{cite book |title=INAE-Annual-Report-2012-13 |date=2013 |publisher=[[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] |location=India |page=53 |url=https://www.inae.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/INAE-Annual-Report-2012-13.pdf}}</ref>

==Selected Bibliography==
===Articles===
*{{cite journal |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Shalabh |last2=Sutton |first2=Richard S. |last3=Ghavamzadeh |first3=Mohammad |last4=Lee |first4=Mark |title=Natural actor–critic algorithms |journal=Automatica |date=November 2009 |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=2471–2482 |doi=10.1016/j.automatica.2009.07.008 |url=https://inria.hal.science/hal-00840470 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=La |first1=Prashanth |last2=Bhatnagar |first2=Shalabh |title=Reinforcement Learning With Function Approximation for Traffic Signal Control |journal=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |date=June 2011 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=412–421 |doi=10.1109/TITS.2010.2091408 |bibcode=2011ITITr..12..412P }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Maei |first1=Hamid |last2=Szepesvári |first2=Csaba |last3=Bhatnagar |first3=Shalabh |last4=Precup |first4=Doina |last5=Silver |first5=David |last6=Sutton |first6=Richard S |title=Convergent Temporal-Difference Learning with Arbitrary Smooth Function Approximation |journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems |date=2009 |volume=22 |url=https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2009/hash/3a15c7d0bbe60300a39f76f8a5ba6896-Abstract.html |publisher=Curran Associates, Inc.}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Maei |first1=Hamid Reza |last2=Szepesvári |first2=Csaba |last3=Bhatnagar |first3=Shalabh |last4=Sutton |first4=Richard S. |title=Toward off-policy learning control with function approximation |journal=Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning |date=21 June 2010 |pages=719–726 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3104322.3104414 |publisher=Omnipress |isbn=978-1-60558-907-7 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Shalabh |last2=Lakshmanan |first2=K. |title=An Online Actor–Critic Algorithm with Function Approximation for Constrained Markov Decision Processes |journal=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications |date=June 2012 |volume=153 |issue=3 |pages=688–708 |doi=10.1007/s10957-012-9989-5}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Singla |first1=Abhik |last2=Padakandla |first2=Sindhu |last3=Bhatnagar |first3=Shalabh |title=Memory-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Obstacle Avoidance in UAV With Limited Environment Knowledge |journal=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |date=January 2021 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=107–118 |doi=10.1109/TITS.2019.2954952 |arxiv=1811.03307 |bibcode=2021ITITr..22..107S }}

===Books===
*{{cite book |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=S. |last2=Prasad |first2=H. L. |last3=Prashanth |first3=L. A. |title=Stochastic Recursive Algorithms for Optimization: Simultaneous Perturbation Methods |date=11 August 2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4471-4285-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Stochastic_Recursive_Algorithms_for_Opti.html?id=yzK6BQAAQBAJ |language=en}}

===Patents===
*Packet retransmission optimization in wireless network<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Shalabh |title=Packet retransmission optimization in wireless network |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8730825B2/en |website=patents.google.com |language=en |date=20 May 2014}}</ref>
*Approach for solving a constrained optimization problem<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Shalabh |title=Approach for solving a constrained optimization problem |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8364616B2/en |website=patents.google.com |language=en |date=29 January 2013}}</ref>
*Resource allocation in wireless communication network<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Shalabh |title=Resource allocation in wireless communication network |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8213307B2/en |website=patents.google.com |language=en |date=3 July 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]

Panvel

2026-03-03T13:09:51Z

Bihar: basic enhanced structure as per guidelines and fixed typos for accuracy

{{for|the newly developed area|New Panvel}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panvel
| settlement_type = City [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]
| image_skyline = Anjuman-I-Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (2023).jpg
| image_caption = Kalsekar Technical Campus in New Panvel
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Panvel Map
| pushpin_map = Mumbai
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Mumbai environs
| coordinates = {{coord|18|59|40|N|73|06|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
| established_title = Panvel Municipal Council
| established_date = 25 August 1852
(Upgraded to Municipal corporation by inclusion of CIDCO colonies in October 2016)
| founder =
| named_for = Paneli
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title2 = Mayor
| leader_name2 = Nitin Patil ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title = Municipal Commissioner
| leader_name = Dr.Ganesh Deshmukh (IAS)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 110.06
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 28
| population_total = 311,434
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 4632.94
| population_demonym = Panvelkar/Panvelite
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Marathi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 410206/ 410217/ 410208/410218.
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 022
| registration_plate = MH-46 ([[Navi Mumbai]]'s [[Raigad district]])
| blank1_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]] (PMC)
| website = {{URL|www.panvelcorporation.com}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Panvel''' ({{IPA|mr|pənʋeːl}}) is a city and [[taluka]] in the [[Raigad district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is highly populated due to its proximity to [[Mumbai]]. Panvel is also governed for development purpose by the body of [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]] is the first Municipal Corporation in Raigad and the 1st Municipal corporation of Maharashtra State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/panvel-becomes-first-municipal-corporation-in-raigad-district/story-geylIiqSQ3KioMhyO70GYO.html|title = Panvel becomes first municipal corporation in Raigad district|date = October 2016}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Panvel is one of the cities in the district of Raigad. It is also called "the gate of Raigad," because Panvel is the first city when entering in Raigad from the west. It is also one of the most populous and developed cities in the district. Panvel is situated on the banks of the Gadhi river which flows and connects all the way to the [[Arabian Sea]]. It is also surrounded by hills on two sides.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Panvel (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/373-panvel.html|title=Panvel Population 2011|website=Census 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|78.67}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|10.85}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|blue|5.92}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.13}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|yellow|1.29}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|1.14}}
}}

Panvel has a mixed-ethnicity population consisting of the [[Agri (caste)|Agri]] samaaj and [[Koli people|Koli]] communities. Panvel is a medium-sized city but is densely populated as it is strategically placed between Mumbai and [[Pune]]. The city is the headquarters of the Panvel sub-division of the Raigad district, which is the largest in the district as per number of villages (564).

== Religion ==
According to the 2011 census, [[Hinduism]] is the majority religion in the city of Panvel with 78.67% followers. [[Islam]] is second most popular religion in the city of Panvel with approximately 10.85% following it, followed by Buddhism with 5.92% followers. In Panvel city, Christianity is followed by 2.13%, [[Jainism]] by 1.29%, Sikhism by 0.47%. Around 0.13% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.54% stated 'No Particular Religion'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/373-panvel.html|title = Panvel City Population Census 2011–2021 | Maharashtra}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
|54963
|49095
|104058
| -
|80.640
|12.334
|1.533
|0.550
|3.389
|1.416
|0.102
|0.037
|-
|2011<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
|92484
|87536
|180020
|0.730
|78.665
|10.851
|2.126
|0.473
|5.924
|1.289
|0.127
|0.545
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = line
| y1=0.8064,0.78665
| y2=0.12334,0.10851
| y3=0.01533,0.02126
| y4=0.0055,0.00473
| y5=0.03389,0.05924
| y6=0.01416,0.01289
| y7=0.00102,0.00127
| y8=0.00037,0.00545
}}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = rect
| y1=0.8064,0.78665
| y2=0.12334,0.10851
| y3=0.01533,0.02126
| y4=0.0055,0.00473
| y5=0.03389,0.05924
| y6=0.01416,0.01289
| y7=0.00102,0.00127
| y8=0.00037,0.00545
}}

== Climate ==
Weather is Sunny across the year. There is heavy rain during monsoon. May is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in May averages 34.3 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 23.4 °C.
Temperatures hover around 40 °C during most days of summer during mid-March till May. Highest temperature recorded around 44–45 °C.
Average annual temperature of Panvel is 27.0 °C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/47677/|title=Climate: Panvel - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>

{{Weather box 
|collapsed =
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Panvel
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan high C = 29.4
| Feb high C = 30
| Mar high C = 32
| Apr high C = 33.5
| May high C = 34.2
| Jun high C = 32.4
| Jul high C = 29.9
| Aug high C = 29.8
| Sep high C = 30.2
| Oct high C = 32.3
| Nov high C = 32.1
| Dec high C = 30.7
| Year high C =
| Jan mean C = 23.4
| Feb mean C = 24.2
| Mar mean C = 26.7
| Apr mean C = 28.8
| May mean C = 30.3
| Jun mean C = 29.3
| Jul mean C = 27.4
| Aug mean C = 27.2
| Sep mean C = 27.3
| Oct mean C = 27.9
| Nov mean C = 26.5
| Dec mean C = 24.6
| Year mean C =
| Jan low C = 17.7
| Feb low C = 18.4
| Mar low C = 21.5
| Apr low C = 24.2
| May low C = 26.4
| Jun low C = 26.2
| Jul low C = 25
| Aug low C = 24.6
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 23.1
| Nov low C = 21
| Dec low C = 18.6
| Year low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.3
| Feb rain mm = 1.3
| Mar rain mm = 0.3
| Apr rain mm = 1.8
| May rain mm = 17
| Jun rain mm = 484.6
| Jul rain mm = 1073.9
| Aug rain mm = 676
| Sep rain mm = 369.6
| Oct rain mm = 93.7
| Nov rain mm = 18
| Dec rain mm = 3.1
| year rain mm =
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Mar rain days = 0.1
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.9
| Jun rain days = 15.7
| Jul rain days = 27.3
| Aug rain days = 25.4
| Sep rain days = 16
| Oct rain days = 4.4
| Nov rain days = 1
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days =
| source 1 =Climate Dat [https://en.climate-data.org/location/47677/] [https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/gen_climate.html/]
}}

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2023}}
Panvel (also known as Panwell by the British) is about 300 years old, developed around trade routes (both land and sea), during the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule and hence after by the Mughal rule, [[British Raj|British]] and the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]]. Once upon a time, Panvel was famous for its rice market. Panvel Municipal Council (PMC) was established in the year 1852, and was the oldest municipal council of Maharashtra, before the formation of [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]]. Panvel Municipal Council's elections started in the year 1910. The first mayor of the PMC was Mr. Yusuf Noor Mohammed Master Kachchi for the years 1910–1916. The sesquicentennial anniversary (150th anniversary) of the PMC was celebrated in the year 2002. The city prospered and grew due to the influence of large scale trade by land and sea. This was characterised by the large palace-like homes that came up during the Peshwa period. It is also said that old name of this city was Paneli (Panelim in Konkani). There were historic cannons (during the time of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]) situated on Panvel fort. On 1 October 2016, [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]] came into existence.

==Location==
{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Panvel'''
|North = Taloje
|West = Pargaon
|Centre = Panvel
|East = Vichumbe
|South = Karnala
}}
Panvel lies approximately 40 kilometers east of [[Mumbai|Greater Mumbai]], in [[Navi Mumbai]], inside the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. It is surrounded by the mountains of [[Matheran]] to the east and south east and outer regions of Panvel i.e. villages of Dundhare, Maldunge are separated from the suburbs of [[Badlapur]] and [[Ambarnath]] by hilly ranges of the [[Western Ghats]]. It lies adjacent to the [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]] forming its eastern boundary.

==New Panvel ==
{{main|New Panvel}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2023}}
Most of the recent developments of Panvel are in [[New Panvel]], as it's more of a planned city compared to Panvel city New Panvel is developed, administered, and maintained by [[CIDCO]]. Unlike Panvel city, New Panvel is strictly a node of [[Navi Mumbai]]. Though residents of New Panvel used to elect a representative in the Panvel Municipal Council, the Municipal Council does not control or manage any administrative or development activity in New Panvel.

Since October 2016, New Panvel was brought under administration of [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]].

The development of [[New Panvel]] was initiated in 1970 to meet the housing requirements of employees working in the nearby industrial MIDC areas such as [[Taloje Panchnand|Taloja]], [[Rasayani]], [[Patalganga]] and Pen.

New Panvel is strategically located on the eastern side of the Mumbai-Bengaluru Asian Highway ([[AH47|AH-47]]) and just west of the [[Mumbai-Pune Expressway]]. It is well connected to rest of India by roadways and railway.

New Panvel is divided in two parts – New Panvel East and New Panvel West (commonly known as Khanda Colony). They have 19 and 23 sectors respectively. It has separate railway station for Panvel and [[Khandeshwar]].

New Panvel is just adjacent to the under construction [[Navi Mumbai International Airport|D.B Patil International Airport]] which is located in [[Ulwe]], a node in [[Navi Mumbai]]. It has a number of schools, colleges and hospitals, general stores and businesses. New Panvel is also a popular destination for the popular meal called Vada Pav.

==Education==
Educational institutions in Panvel include:


* [[Pillai College of Engineering (Autonomous)]], Navé Panvel
* [[Prudence International School]] (IGCSE and IB Board)

==Economy==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2023}}
Panvel in [[Navi Mumbai]] city, is surrounded by some major [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]] (MIDC) managed regions like [[Patalganga]], [[Taloje Panchnand|Taloja]], [[Nagothane]], [[Roha]], [[Khopoli]], [[Bhiwandi]]. Some of the Indian industry majors like [[Larsen & Toubro Limited]], [[Reliance Petroleum|Reliance]], [[Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd]]., ISRO's Propellant Complex., [[ONGC]], [[IPCL]] are based around Panvel providing mass employment. The [[JNPT]] port is also located near Panvel. New SEZ declared by government are coming around Panvel.

==Landmarks==

===Karnala fort===
{{main|Karnala fort}}
Karnala fort is a hill fort in [[Raigad district]] about 10 km from Panvel city. Currently it is a protected place lying within the [[Karnala Bird Sanctuary]]. It was a fort of strategic importance as it overlooked the Bor pass which connected the [[Konkan coast]] to the interior of Maharashtra ([[Vidharba]])<ref name="imperial">{{cite book|last=Hunter |first=Willam Wilson|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1908|pages=[https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette04offigoog/page/n71 59]|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette04offigoog|quote=karnala fort. |access-date=16 February 2009}}</ref> and was the main trade route between these areas. It lies between [[Pen, India|Pen]] and Panvel near [[Shirdhon]] village. The fort is 370 m above mean sea level.

===Karnala bird sanctuary===
{{main|Karnala Bird Sanctuary}}
At the bottom of the fort there is a famous [[Karnala Bird Sanctuary]] Maharashtra government declared this 4.5 km region as the bird sanctuary in 1968–69. In the sanctuary one can find around 150 species of birds, such as the red vented bulbul, Indian grey hornbill, owl, paradise fly catcher.

===Shirdhon===
{{main|Shirdhon}}
[[Vasudeo Balwant Phadke]] was born on 1845-11-04 in Shirdhon village of Panvel taluka based in Raigad district in Maharashtra state. The house and his belongings are preserved there.

===Gadeshwar dam===
[[File:GadeshwarReservoir.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Gadeshwar Reservoir]]
During the monsoon, the Gadeshwar dam overflows. The place can be reached by entering [[New Panvel]] and via the Sukhapur-Nere road. Panvel is also famous for watermelons, which can be found abundantly in and around the city and the old Mumbai–Pune highway.

===Matheran===
{{main|Matheran}}
Matheran is a [[hill station]] and a [[municipal council]] in the [[Raigad district]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is a [[hill station]] in [[Karjat]] [[Tahsil]] and is also the smallest hill station in India. It is located on the [[Western Ghats]] range at an elevation of around 800 m (2,625 feet) above sea level. It is located around 90 km from [[Mumbai]], and 120 km from [[Pune]]. Matheran's proximity to many metropolitan cities makes it a popular weekend getaway for urban residents. The Matheran Mountain can be easily viewed from certain areas in Panvel. One can trek matheran from Dhodani village in Panvel. The name ''Matheran'' means "forest on the forehead" (of the mountains).<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Services/Travel/Joy_ride_Matheran_chugs_back_on_the_tourist_map/articleshow/1919748.cms
|title=Joy ride: Matheran chugs back on the tourist map
|author=Ashish Kumar Mishra
|work=The Economic Times
|date=18 April 2007
|access-date=19 April 2007
}}</ref>

===Beth El Synagogue===
Situated on M.G. Road, Panvel, it is the only synagogue in Panvel and is visited by both Jews and non-Jews. It is a tourist place and part of the Indian heritage.

===Ballaleshwar Pali===
{{main|Ballaleshwar Pali}}
Ballaleshwar ({{lit| Ballal's Lord}}) temple is one of the [[Ashtavinayak|eight temples]] of Lord [[Ganesha]]. Among [[Ashtavinayak|Ganesha temple]]s, Ballaleshwar is the only [[Avatar|incarnation]] of Ganesha that is known by his devotee's name. It is located in the village of Pali which is at a distance of 30 km from [[Karjat]] in the [[Raigad district]]. It is situated between fort [[Sarasgad]] and the river Amba.<ref>[http://ballaleshwar.com/english/ Ballaleshwar]</ref> this is 11 km.from nagothane.

===Varadvinayak, Mahad===
{{main|Varadvinayak}}
Varadvinayak, also spelt as Varadavinayaka, is one of the [[Ashtavinayak]] temples of the Hindu deity [[Ganesha]]. It is located in Mahad village situated in Khalapur taluka near [[Karjat]] and [[Khopoli]] of [[Raigad district]], Maharashtra, India. The temple was built (restored) by Peshwa General [[Ramji Mahadev Biwalkar]] in 1725AD.
There is an NMMT bus no. 58 from [[Belapur, Shrirampur|Belapur]] to [[Khopoli]] which halts at Mahad.
<ref>[http://www.varadvinayak.com Varadvinayak]</ref>

==Transport==
Panvel is an important junction point as many major highways meet and pass through the city. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Sion-Panvel Expressway, Bengaluru-Mumbai Highway, [[NH 4B]] and [[NH 66]] start from here while NH 4 passes through Panvel. Roads of New Panvel are maintained by CIDCO while those in Panvel by PMC. New Panvel, being developed by CIDCO, has well planned and wide lane major roads and even the arterial roads are of two lanes leading to a single direction. Old Panvel has relatively less maintained roads which are congested due to lack of planning on part of the PMC.

===Dinkar Balu Patil International Airport===
{{Main|Navi Mumbai International Airport}}

The [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]] (Dinkar Balu Patil International Airport) is an airport in [[Ulwe]], near Panvel, which was inaugurated by Prime minister of India Narendra Modi on 8 October 2025. It was built on lands of nearby villages in Panvel Taluka area in the city of Panvel through public-private partnership (PPP) — with the private sector partner getting 74% equity and Airports Authority of India (AAI) & Maharashtra government, through CIDCO, holding 13% each.

===Railway===
[[Panvel railway station]] is one of the most important junctions on [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]. [[Harbour line]] from [[Mumbai CSMT]], central line from [[Diva Junction railway station|Diva]] / [[Karjat railway station|Karjat]], [[Western Dedicated Freight Corridor]] from [[JNPT]] and the line from [[Roha railway station|Roha]] meet at Panvel. [[Panvel railway station]] comes under Mumbai division of Central Railway. Panvel is one of the terminating stations of the harbour line of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]]. It is also considered as an entry point for trains bound for Konkan Railway from northern and western India. Platforms 1,2,3 & 4 are for suburban trains while platforms 5,6 & 7 are for main line trains. Nine pairs of daily express trains, 13 pairs of non-daily express trains and 12 daily commuter (passenger) trains stop here. Also, the [[Ernakulam railway station|Ernakulam]] – [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]] [[Duronto Express]] has a technical halt at Panvel for crew change, refueling and catering. In addition, Panvel handles 116 suburban trains which go to destinations [[Mumbai CSMT]], [[Wadala Road railway station|Wadala Road]], [[Goregaon railway station|Goregaon]] and [[Thane railway station|Thane]]. The station also handles a sizeable amount of freight trains. Panvel is considered equivalent to [[Mumbai]] for trains which skip Mumbai. The trains run on diesel traction and alternating current (the tracks to [[Konkan]] are not electrified south of [[Roha railway station|Roha]]), and Panvel is a refueling point for their locomotives. In addition to refueling, Panvel has a huge number of parcel bookings, and most trains stop for periods varying from 5 minutes to 20 minutes for technical purposes. Panvel also handles crew and locomotive change for a few long-distance passenger / freight trains.

Diesel locomotives have a refuelling facility in Panvel. The city has a good daily connectivity to Pune, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Goa etc. Also, there are trains for Patna, Bikaner, Chennai, Bhavnagar, Veraval, Vasco etc. [[Sampark Kranti Express|Sampark Krantis]] and [[Rajdhani Express|Rajdhanis]] have halt here along with [[Garib Rath Express|Garib Rath]] and Double Decker. Some of the daily trains are 12051/52 [[Jan Shatabdi Express]] ([[Dadar railway station|Dadar]] – [[Madgaon railway station|Madgaon]]), [[Mandovi Express]], [[Pragati Express]], [[Konkan Kanya Express]],etc. Now all the local trains will be 12 Coach as now the current line is AC current. [[Indian Railways]]'s [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]] division conducted an inaugural run of an AC local train from [[Panvel railway station|Panvel]] to [[Thane railway station|Thane]] on 30 January 2020 at 3:30 pm on an open path towards Thane. On its return journey, the train ran from Thane to Panvel on an open path. The AC Local started its regular commercial services from 31 January 2020. The AC local also starts from [[Nerul railway station|Nerul]] and [[Vashi railway station|Vashi]] to Thane. On the day of its inaugural run, many travellers boarded the train as they weren't aware that a separate ticket was needed to board the AC Local. The train was even made to halt at one station as one door got blocked and wasn't opening. This further delayed the train's as well as other trains' timings on the route. This all happened despite the train had security guards and ticket checkers. Following this incident, the number of security guards and ticket checkers was nearly doubled and awareness was being created amongst travellers.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
| colspan="5" | '''Panvel PNVL'''
|-
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next Main station towards Mumbai: [[CBD Belapur]]
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next small station towards Mumbai: {{rws|Khandeshwar}}
|style="width:20%;"|[[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next small station from Mumbai: {{rws|Chikhale}}
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next main station from Mumbai: {{rws|Karjat}}
|-
|Distance from Mumbai (CSMT) = 54 km
|-
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next Main station towards Mumbai: [[Diva Junction]]
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next Small station towards Mumbai: {{rws|Kalamboli}}
|style="width:20%;"|[[Konkan Railway]]
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next small station from Mumbai: {{rws|Somatne}}
|style="width:20%;" rowspan="2" |Next Main station from Mumbai: {{rws|Roha}}
|-
|
|}

===Autorickshaws===
There are many autorickshaws in Panvel. The minimum fare is Rs. 20 in share-autos, but Rs. 40 for sole-hire. This is high as compared to the Rs. 18 in other parts of Navi Mumbai, Mumbai & Thane. Even though there is now the cheaper CNG fuel, autos – because of political support – are not controlled by the RTO. There is no "Fare Chart" defined by RTO for Panvel, unlike other parts of Navi Mumbai. This needs to improve for the benefit of commuters.

===Bus===
There are two main bus stands in Panvel – ST stand on the National Highway and NMMT stand near Railway Station. The ST buses are available from Panvel to [[Khopoli]], [[Karjat]], [[Rasayani]], [[Alibaug]], [[Pen]], [[Roha]], [[Thane]], [[Bhiwandi]], [[Kalyan]], [[Dombivli]], [[Badlapur]], [[Dadar]], [[Uran]] as well as beyond [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. [[NMMT]] AC and Non-AC buses are available from Panvel to [[Vashi]], [[Thane]], [[Kalyan]], [[Bandra]], [[Nariman Point]], [[Khopoli]], [[Karjat]], [[Rasayani]] and inner areas of Panvel city. Panvel is the '''second busiest bus station in the state''' after [[Latur]]. It is the major bus station for the state as it a junction for [[Konkan]] and [[Pune]] routes buses. There is a heavy rush on [[Ganpati]] Festival, [[Diwali]] Festival and May vacations.

==See also==
*[[Sainagar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Panvel.html The Gazetters Department: Panvel]

{{Raigad district}}

[[Category:Panvel| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1852 establishments in India]]

Kallanum Bhagavathiyum

2026-03-03T09:38:52Z

Bihar: Made first post v1

{{Short description|2023 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kallanum Bhagavathiyum
| image = Kallanum Bhagavathiyum.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[East Coast Vijayan]]
| screenplay = East Coast Vijayan K. V. Anil
| story = K. V. Anil
| based_on = ''Kallanum Bhagavathiyum'' by K. V. Anil
| producer = East Coast Vijayan
| starring = [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]] [[Mokksha]] [[Anusree]]
| cinematography = Ratheesh Ram
| editing = [[Johnkutty]]
| music = [[Ranjin Raj]]
| studio = East Coast Communications
| distributor = East Coast Reel & Real Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|03|31}}
| runtime = 129 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Kallanum Bhagavathiyum''''' ({{Translation|Thief and the Goddess}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] film co-written, directed, produced and distributed by [[East Coast Vijayan]]. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by K. V. Anil. The film stars [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]], [[Mokksha]], and [[Anusree]]. It also features [[Rajesh Madhavan]], [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[Salim Kumar]], [[Parvathi T.|Maala Parvathy]], [[Jayan Cherthala]], [[Srikant Murali]], and [[Noby Marcose]] in supporting roles. The film's music was composed by [[Ranjin Raj]].<ref name=OnManorama/>

[[Principal photography]] was carried out over a period of 37 days, from November 2022 to January 2023, in [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]]. ''Kallanum Bhagavathiyum'' was released in theatres on 31 March 2023.

==Plot==
{{more plot|date=April 2023}}
Mathappan Unni, who was only known as a thief by committing petty crimes, decide to end his life. Having achieved nothing financially, Mathappan decides to steal the Krishna idol from the temple as a last resort.

Unfulfilled to take back the house mortgaged by his father, Priyamani leaves the house one night. Priya meets Mathappan, who runs away and takes shelter in the church to avoid being caught during the robbery attempt, in the church graveyard. The two, who were hiding together, share their own plight. As a last ditch effort to escape, Priya advises Mathappan to steal an idol of Bhagwati, abandoned in a forested cave temple across the river.

After swimming across the river and stealing the idol out of the stormy forest inhabited by poisonous snakes and wild animals, the goddess asked only one thing for Mathappan, a place to stay until the re-consecration of the temple. Later on, an invisible bond forms between the thief and Bhagwati and it changes the entire life of the thief.

== Cast ==
* [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]] as Kallan Mathappan
** Master Hattim as Young Mathappan
* [[Mokksha]] as Bhagavathi
* [[Anusree]] as Priyamani
** Nyshana Fathima K K as Young Priyamani
* [[Johny Antony]] as Shankaran, Enchanter
* [[Althaf Salim]] as Ambi, Enchanter's Assistant
* [[Rajesh Madhavan]] as Vallabhan
* [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]] as SI Sudheendran
* [[Parvathi T.|Maala Parvathy]] as Lakshmi, Priyamani's Mother
* [[Srikant Murali]] as Balan Mash
* Jayashankar as Mathappan's father
* [[Jayan Cherthala]] as Ananthan, Priyamani's father
* [[Jayakumar Parameswaran Pillai]] as Autodriver Kodamani
* [[Noby Marcose]] as Police Kumaran
* [[Chembil Ashokan]] as Bhaktha Manasan
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Sathyan, the Priest
* Jayaprakash Kuloor as Thirumeni
* Ratheesh Guinness as Pathrose (Police)
* Ranjini George as Mathappan's Mother
* Benna John as Vanaja
* Baby Soya as Vasanthi
* Kavitha Baiju as Doctor
* Sneha Chandra as Nurse

== Production ==
The film's title was announced in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishnu Unnikrishnan and Anusree to star in Kallanum Bhagavathiyum |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/nov/17/vishnu-unnikrishnan-and-anusree-to-star-in-kallanum-bhagavathiyum-36730.html |access-date=2023-04-08 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=17 November 2022 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224140153/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/nov/17/vishnu-unnikrishnan-and-anusree-to-star-in-kallanum-bhagavathiyum-36730.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is an adaptation of the novel ''Kallanum Bagavathiyum'' by K. V. Anil.<ref name=OnManorama/> [[Bengalis|Bengali]] actress Mokksha made her Malayalam debut with the film. According to Vijayan, "I found Mokksha from the land of [[Goddess Durga]]. I felt there was an invisible divine force in Mokksha".<ref>{{cite news|author=ETimes.in|title=Vishnu Unni Kirshnan's next titled 'Kallanum Bhagavathiyum'|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vishnu-unni-kirshnans-next-titled-kallanum-bhagavathiyum/articleshow/95579618.cms|date=17 November 2022|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224143855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vishnu-unni-kirshnans-next-titled-kallanum-bhagavathiyum/articleshow/95579618.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Principal photography of the film began on 23 November 2022. The entire shooting was wrapped on 2 January 2023 in [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a wrap for Vishnu Unnikrishnan's Kallanum Bhagavathiyum |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jan/04/its-a-wrap-forvishnu-unnikrishnanskallanum-bhagavathiyum-38391.html |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408171004/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jan/04/its-a-wrap-forvishnu-unnikrishnanskallanum-bhagavathiyum-38391.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Filming was completed in 37 days.<ref name=OnManorama>{{Cite news|title=Many popular actors refused to play role of goddess in 'Kallanum Bhagavathiyum': Director|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/04/07/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-fantasy-movie-east-coast-vijayan-actress-moksha.html|access-date=2023-04-08|work=[[OnManorama]]|archive-date=2023-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408171004/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/04/07/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-fantasy-movie-east-coast-vijayan-actress-moksha.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cinematography was done by Ratheesh Ram, while editor was [[Johnkutty]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kallanum Bhagavathiyum teaser is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/22/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-teaser-is-out-40260.html |access-date=2023-04-08 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=22 February 2023 |archive-date=2023-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408172510/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/22/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-teaser-is-out-40260.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film's original score and songs were composed by [[Ranjin Raj]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Kallanum Bhagavathiyum (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics =

| title1 = Carol Song
| lyrics1 = [[Santhosh Varma]]
| extra1 = [[Biju Narayanan]]
| length1 = 4:53

| title2 = Marakkilla Njan
| lyrics2 = Santhosh Varma
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length2 = 4:45

| title3 = Nanmayulla Naadu
| lyrics3 = Santhosh Varma
| extra3 = [[Vidyadharan]]
| length3 = 3:17

| title4 = Sindhooraaruna
| lyrics4 = Traditional
| extra4 = [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
| length4 = 1:15

| title5 = Nithyanandakari
| lyrics5 = Traditional
| extra5 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length5 = 1:36

| title6 = Prabhavathi
| lyrics6 = Traditional
| extra6 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length6 = 0:42

| title7 = Sreematha
| lyrics7 = Traditional
| extra7 = [[Divya S. Menon]], Bhadra Rajin, Megha
| length7 = 3:17

| title8 = Sumukhi
| lyrics8 = Traditional
| extra8 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length8 = 0:53

| title9 = Ohm Hreem
| lyrics9 = Traditional
| extra9 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length9 = 1:12

| title10 = Yaa Devi
| lyrics10 = Traditional
| extra10 = [[Ranjin Raj]]
| length10 = 1:18

| title11 = Karunai Daivame
| lyrics11 = Traditional
| extra11 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length11 = 1:27

| title12 = Namasthe Saranye
| lyrics12 = Traditional
| extra12 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length12 = 3:06

| title13 = Thwam
| lyrics13 = Traditional
| extra13 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length13 = 0:51

| title14 = Siva Sakthya
| lyrics14 = Traditional
| extra14 = Madhu Balakrishnan
| length14 = 0:56

| title15 = Ohm Sarvesham
| lyrics15 = Traditional
| extra15 = [[Ranjin Raj]]
| length15 = 1:44
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Onmanorama]]'' stated that "''Kallanum Bhagavathiyum'' is a small yet entertaining movie that captures the audience's imagination".<ref>{{cite news|title=Movie review: 'Kallanum Bhagavathiyum' merges fantasy and humour in right doses|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/02/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-fantasy-movie-review-vishnu-unnikrishnan.html|access-date=2023-04-08|work=[[OnManorama]]|archive-date=2023-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408171003/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/02/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-fantasy-movie-review-vishnu-unnikrishnan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Critic from ''[[Manorama Online]]'' opined that it is a beautiful film with good humour, fantasy, visuals and songs, and also praised the performances, particularly that of Unnikrishnan, Mokksha, and Anusree.<ref name=Manorama>{{cite news|title=പ്രേക്ഷക ഹൃദയം കൊള്ളയടിച്ചു കള്ളനും ഭഗവതിയും|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2023/03/31/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-movie-review.html|access-date=2023-04-08|work=[[Manorama Online]]|language=ml|archive-date=2023-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408171003/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2023/03/31/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-movie-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Critic from ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' commented that ''Kallanum Bhagavathiyum'' is a visual representation of a beautiful dream, and particularly praised the acting of Mokksha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-31 |title=ഒരു സുന്ദര സ്വപ്‌നത്തിന്റെ ദൃശ്യാവിഷ്‌ക്കാരം, ചിരി നിറച്ച് കള്ളനും ഭഗവതിയും {{!}} Review |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/kallanum-bhagavathiyum/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-malayalam-movie-review-vishnu-unnikrishnan-anusree-1.8439747 |access-date=2023-04-08 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408071216/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/kallanum-bhagavathiyum/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-malayalam-movie-review-vishnu-unnikrishnan-anusree-1.8439747 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Anna Mathews of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 stars and stated that it "has a promising, if somewhat old-fashioned premise ... Basically, the characters have not been thoughtfully developed, with storylines falling short". But praised the "chemistry" between Unnikrishnan and Mokksha.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kallanum Bhagavathiyum Movie Review : A story that falls short |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kallanum-bhagavathiyum/movie-review/99170931.cms |access-date=2023-04-08 |archive-date=2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406202858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kallanum-bhagavathiyum/movie-review/99170931.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|25965480}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Films about God]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films about burglary]]
[[Category:Films about theft]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ranjin Raj]]

Abraham Ozler

2026-03-03T09:37:44Z

Bihar: Expanded article with relevant info

{{Short description|2024 Indian Malayalam crime thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Abraham Ozler
| image = Abraham Ozler 2024.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]]
| producer = {{ubl|Irshad M. Hassan|Midhun Manuel Thomas}}
| writer = Dr.Randheer Krishnan
| starring = [[Jayaram]] [[Mammootty]] [[Anoop Menon]] [[Anaswara Rajan]] [[Arjun Ashokan]]
| music = [[Midhun Mukundan]]
| cinematography = [[Theni Eswar]]
| editing = [[Shameer Muhammed]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|1|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| studio = Nerambokku Manual Movie Makers
| distributor = Ann Mega Media
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}}40.05 crore<ref name = " Bo">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-09 |title='Abraham Ozler' achieves box office milestone, surpasses Rs 40 crore in final collections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/watch-abraham-ozler-achieves-box-office-milestone-surpasses-rs-40-crore-in-final-collections/articleshow/107547119.cms |access-date=2024-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
}}

'''''Abraham Ozler''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[crime thriller film]] co-produced and directed by [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] and written by Randheer Krishnan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Is 'Anjaam Paathira' director Midhun Manuel teaming up with Jayaram for a medical thriller? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/is-anjaam-paathira-director-midhun-manuel-teaming-up-with-jayaram-for-a-medical-thriller/articleshow/100356988.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Fans excited to see Jayaram's stylish look in Midhun Manuel's 'Abraham Ozler' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/05/20/jayaram-midhun-manuel-thomas-abraham-ozler-mollywood-thriller.html |work=Manorama Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Jayaram says he deliberately took a break from Malayalam film industry: 'I have great hope for Abraham Ozler' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/jayaram-deliberately-took-break-from-malayalam-industry-great-hope-abraham-ozler-8697342/ |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Jayaram]] in the titular role alongside [[Mammootty]] in an extended cameo role with [[Anaswara Rajan]], [[Anoop Menon]], [[Arjun Ashokan]], [[Saiju Kurup]], [[Arya Salim]], [[Senthil Krishna]], [[Jagadish]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] and [[Dileesh Pothan]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Actor Jayaram's Salt-and-pepper Look For Malayalam Film Abraham Ozler Viral |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/actor-jayarams-salt-and-pepper-look-for-malayalam-film-abraham-ozler-viral-7948603.html |work=[[News18 India]]}}</ref> The film revolves around [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Abraham Ozler's efforts to investigate the death of an [[IT]] employee and capture a serial killer, also known as "Birthday Killer".

The project was announced on 19 May 2023. [[Principal photography]] began on 20 May 2023. The film was shot across locations including Thrissur, Palakkad, Coimbatore, Idukki and Wayanad. The filming wrapped up on 14 November 2023. The music was composed by [[Midhun Mukundan]] while cinematography and editing were handled by [[Theni Eswar]] and [[Shameer Muhammed]], respectively.

''Abraham Ozler'' was initially set to be released on 25 December 2023, but the release date was postponed to 11 January 2024. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its acting, cinematography, direction, and musical score, but criticism for its script. The film earned {{INR}}40.05 crore worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of Jayaram's career in leading role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=തിരിച്ചടികൾക്കൊടുവിൽ 'ജയറാംസ് ഒാൾട്ടർണേറ്റിവ്': ഓസ്‌ലർ റിവ്യു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2024/01/11/abraham-ozler-movie-review-jayaram-starrer-crime-thriller-midhun-manuel-thomas.html |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=nirmal |title=അപൂര്‍വ്വ നേട്ടം! നാലാം വാരത്തിലെ സ്ക്രീന്‍ കൗണ്ട് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ച് 'ഓസ്‍ലര്‍' നിര്‍മ്മാതാക്കള്‍ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/abraham-ozler-forth-week-theatre-list-announced-jayaram-mammootty-midhun-manule-thomas-nsn-s886xk |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref><ref name = " Bo"/>

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=August 2024}}
'''Past''': [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Abraham Ozler is on vacation with his wife Anisha and daughter Jenny. He receives a call that requires him to investigate a double murder, and promptly leaves in his car. Mid-journey, he realizes that the call was faked and rushes back to find both Anisha and Jenny missing. Later Vineeth, a drug addict, admits to kidnapping both of them, hacking them to pieces and burying the pieces in a forest to take revenge on Ozler for arresting him in a [[narcotics]] case. However, Vineeth claims that he had taken a large dosage of prescription drugs that night and consequently does not remember where the pieces were buried.

'''Present''': Three years later, Ozler is chronically [[Depression (mood)|depressed]] [[Insomnia|insomniac]] who experiences [[Hallucination|hallucinations]] due to lack of sleep. He never received closure and remains distraught and miserable, as he cannot find his wife's and daughter's remains in spite of regularly visiting and questioning a now convicted Vineeth. He is also investigating a series of murders with his subordinates [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Divya Sreedharan and Sijo T Venu. The killer leaves birthday cards at each murder scene, and the cards all have parts of the Latin quote, "Let conversation cease. Let laughter flee. This is where death rejoices to help the living". The killer is dubbed "The Birthday Killer" by the media. As the team unravels the connections, they discover Krishnadas, a man using an [[Electrolarynx|artificial larynx]], as a key suspect. They also learn that he was a prodigious singer as a teenager, and lost his voice due to a surgery mishap.

Delving into the past, Ozler discovers a shared history among the victim's parents: Shivakumar and Selvaraj. They were postgraduate medical students at [[Kozhikode Medical College]] in 1989. Shivakumar, Selvaraj, Xavi Punnoose (a retired police surgeon) and Alexander Joseph (now living in Dubai) were all found to have been friends and batchmates. They were recorded as having gotten into an accident, after which they parted ways. Meanwhile, Krishnadas breaks into Alexander's house and attempts to abduct him but is thwarted and arrested by Ozler. But even as Krishnadas is in custody, Xavi is kidnapped. Ozler then discovers that the Alexander in Dubai was a fake all along and that the real Alexander was still active and had abducted Xavi. The real Alexander attempts to kill Xavi in the same manner as the previous victims, but is arrested by Ozler and his men at the last minute. While in custody, he reveals his true motives.

'''1989''': Alexander was a dedicated postgraduate student at the surgery department of [[Kozhikode Medical College]]. Xavi, a fellow student of surgery, was inept compared to Alexander, and was consequently jealous as the professors favored the latter's skill. Shivakumar, a student of General Medicine, developed hatred towards Alexander for starting a relationship with first year [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] student Suja Jayadev, whom Shivakumar had been pursuing relentlessly. Selvaraj, a student of [[Anesthesia]] and a drug addict, was expelled after Alexander caught him getting high and reported the latter to the faculty.

During this time, Krishnadas was admitted to the Medical College due to a tumor in his throat, which affected his voice. Alexander was designated to assist in the surgery and he chooses Xavi to help him. During the surgery, Alexander was unexpectedly required to take the lead and he requested Xavi to cut the tie inside Krishnadas's neck. Xavi, fueled by jealousy and bitterness, cuts Krishnadas's [[Vocal cords|vocal cord]] - which is why he lost his voice.

Alexander reported Xavi's intentional act to the faculty, Xavi is blacklisted and both are suspended due to Alexander being the first assistant. Under the influence of drugs and alcohol, the enraged and bitter Selvaraj, Xavi and Shivakumar brutalized Alexander, putting him in a coma. Once sober, they fabricated an accident, faked injuries on themselves and told everyone that a drunk Alexander took them for a drive and crashed the car. Suja becomes depressed after this. One day, doctors suggested that Alexander's life support be removed and he be allowed to die peacefully. A heartbroken Suja lost all hope after overhearing this and committed suicide by jumping in front of a moving bus. In a fateful twist of irony, Alexander awakened on the 1st day of her death. After years of nursing care, he regained movement but loses most of his postgraduate memories due to [[dissociative amnesia]], including Suja, Xavi, Shivakumar and Selvaraj. 3 years ago, Alexander saw a TV program featuring Krishnadas, where some old videos of the latter singing are shown. This triggered his memories and Alexander slowly recollected his past. He learned about Suja's death and met up with a then wayward Krishnadas, and they planned the murders together.

'''Present''': Xavi meets Alexander and Krishnadas in Ozler's custody and shows no remorse at all. Ozler regrets saving Xavi and tells him plainly that he deserved death. Astonishingly, Xavi dies on stage of [[cardiac arrest]] at the release ceremony of his autobiography. Seconds before this happens, Ozler receives a call where the forensic surgeon Satheesh Madhavan reveals that Alexander had poisoned Xavi and all the victims with [[methylene blue]] and [[agar-agar]], a lethal bacteria-infected [[Surgical instrument|surgical ink]] before making cuts on their bodies. Later, it is shown that the truth gets revealed - Shivakumar is found dead in his car, while Selvaraj becomes drunk and his wife leaves him, realizing that he caused their son's murder.

On his routine visit to Vineeth in prison, Ozler encounters Alexander and Krishnadas. Alexander cryptically utters "[[Human skeleton|Bone]] Residue", hinting at an unresolved truth about Ozler's family. Ozler realizes that if a bladed weapon is used to hack flesh, bone residue will always be present on the blade even after chemical washing. Ozler confronts Vineeth about this and the latter, unrepentant, challenges Ozler to dig deeper for the truth.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Jayaram]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Abraham Ozler [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Mammootty]] as Dr. Alexander Joseph / ''Birthday Killer''
** Adam Sabiq as Young Alexander
* [[Anaswara Rajan]] as Suja Jayadev, Alexander's girlfriend
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Krishnadas PS, Alexander's Associate
** Joseph Mathews as Young Krishnadas
* [[Arjun Ashokan]] as Vineeth
* [[Anoop Menon]] as Dr. Satheesh Madhavan, police surgeon and Ozler's friend
* [[Arya Salim]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Divya Sreedharan
* [[Senthil Krishna]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Sijo T. Venu
* [[Jagadish]] as Dr. Xavi Punnoose, retired police surgeon
** Shivaraj as Young Xavi
* [[Dileesh Pothan]] as Sudhakaran Payyarath / Dr. Alexander Joseph (Fake)
* Ravi Venkatraman as Selvaraj
** Shajeer P. Basheer as Young Selvaraj
* Kumarakom Raghunath as Dr. Shivakumar
** Shiva Hariharan as Young Shivakumar
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] as Counsellor, Ozler's friend (Cameo)
* [[Arjun Nandhakumar]] as Dr. Arun Jayadev, Suja's younger brother
* [[Assim Jamal]] as [[Deputy Inspector General of Police|DIG]] Prasad Rajan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Harikrishnan (Malayalam actor)|Harikrishnan]] as Naveen Shivakumar
* [[Aneesh Gopal]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Sarath
* [[Prasanth Alexander]] as Dr. Salam
* [[Maala Parvathi|Parvathi T. ]] as Dr. Annapoorneswari
* [[Boban Alummoodan]] as Dr. Sreedharan Nambiar
* [[Anju Kurian]] as Aneesha, Ozler's wife
* Saniya as Jennifer / Jenni, Ozler's daughter
* Darshana Sudarshan Nair as Maya
* Priya Sreejith as Sister Teena
* Sheethal Zackaria as Sister Jyothi
* Sivarenjini as Sister Seenath
* [[Sreeram Ramachandran]] as Speech Therapist
* [[Krishna Prasad (actor)|Krishna Prasad]] as MRI Technician
* Rajan Poothrakkal as Raghavan
* Mani Shornur as Dr. Zakariah
* Habeeb Thrissur as Dr. Govindaraj
* [[Jolly Chirayath]] as CEO Sasikala
* Nandhan Unni as Ambulance Driver Mani
* Lali Marakkar as Krishnadas's mother
* Devendranath as Dr. Eshwaran Potty
* Rakesh Pattu as Ashok Selvaraj
* Rini Udayakumar as Raghavan's wife
* Mani as Lorry Driver Sivankutty
* Shaize as Duty M O
* Uma K P as Dr. Aysha Sathyaraj
* Thulasi as Swapna, Suja's friend
* Maya Menon as Alexander's mother
* Sonia Giri as Xavi's wife
* Kala as Shivakumar's wife
* Maya as Selvaraj's wife
* Nidhin Sasidharan as Ajeesh
* Kumariyamma as Ajeesh's mother
* [[Benyamin (writer)|Benyamin]] as Himself (Cameo)
* [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] as Leader (Cameo)
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
After the success of ''[[Anjaam Pathiraa|Anjaam Pathira]]'' (2020), [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] wanted to direct a film featuring [[Kunchacko Boban|Kunchako Boban]]. However, the commencement of shooting didn't occur due to various reasons. It was during that time that director John Manthrikkal narrated a story to Midhun which was written by ortho surgeon Dr. Randheer Krishnan. He liked the story and decided to direct the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-07 |title=ട്രെയിലറിൽ കാണാത്ത താരങ്ങൾ ഓസ്‌ലറിലുണ്ട്, ആട്-3 ചെയ്യാൻ സമ്മർദം- മിഥുൻ മാനുവൽ തോമസ് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/abraham-ozler-movie-director-midhun-manuel-thomas-interview-1.9219185 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

In an interview with Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Midhun revealed that the film's titular protagonist was named after the Canadian physician [[William Osler]], regarded as the 'Father of Modern Medicine'. He also revealed that he had initially included a backstory, explaining that Abraham Ozler's father, a doctor, named his son after his favorite physician with the hope that Abraham would also become a physician like his father.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=Who is Abraham Ozler? Director Midhun Manuel Thomas breaks down his new Jayaram film and other thrillers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/who-is-abraham-ozler-director-midhun-manuel-thomas-breaks-down-jayaram-film-other-thrillers-interview-9100787/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The film marked Midhun's return to direction after a four-year hiatus. Meanwhile, he had penned the screenplay for ''[[Garudan (2023 film)|Garudan]]'' (2023) and ''[[Phoenix (2023 film)|Phoenix]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=Who is Abraham Ozler? Director Midhun Manuel Thomas breaks down his new Jayaram film and other thrillers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/who-is-abraham-ozler-director-midhun-manuel-thomas-breaks-down-jayaram-film-other-thrillers-interview-9100787/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Midhun approached Jayaram to play the titular role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2024-01-07 |title=I Told Jayaram Sir That If He Turns Down Abraham Ozler, I Would Shelve It: Midhun Manuel Thomas |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/malayalam-interview/i-told-jayaram-sir-that-if-he-turns-down-abraham-ozler-i-would-shelve-it-midhun-manuel-thomas |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> Initially, Jayaram was hesitant to commit to the project as he believed that it was unlike any film he had done till now. He believed it was a heavy character and had to appear in two timelines with different looks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-11 |title=Jayaram reveals why he hesitated to take on the role of 'Abraham Ozler |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayaram-reveals-why-he-hesitated-to-take-on-the-role-of-abraham-ozler/articleshow/106719152.cms |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> However, he agreed to play the role as Midhun convinced him. In preparing for the role, Jayaram put in some weight and grew a long beard with a tired look to fit the character. ''Abraham Ozler'' marks Jayaram's second Malayalam venture since 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2024-01-06 |title=I Was Initially Hesitant To Play Abraham Ozler: Jayaram |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/malayalam-interview/i-was-initially-hesitant-to-play-abraham-ozler-jayaram-midhun-manuel-thomas-guntur-kaaram-trivikram |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

There were reports that Mammootty would have a 15-minute cameo appearance in the film which was denied.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-22 |title=Is Mammootty playing a 15-minute cameo role in Jayaram's 'Abraham Ozler'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/is-mammootty-playing-a-15-minute-cameo-role-in-jayarams-abraham-ozler/articleshow/100417890.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Reports suggested that Mammootty would have a screen-time of over 45 minutes in the film, and it was also reported that he would be playing a negative role, which was unconfirmed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mammootty's role in Jayaram and Midhun Manuel Thomas's Abraham Ozler – All you need to know |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mammoottys-role-in-jayaram-and-midhun-manuel-thomass-abraham-ozler-all-you-need-to-know/6bfcccaedc666 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Regarding Mammootty's cameo, Jayaram revealed that Mammootty was not the first choice to play the role of Alexander. The makers approached actors [[Sathyaraj]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Prakash Raj]], and others.<ref name="pinkvilla.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title='Mammootty was not the first choice': Jayaram opens up about the cameo role in Abraham Ozler |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/mammotty-was-not-the-first-choice-jayaram-opens-up-about-cameo-role-in-abraham-ozler-1271813 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> Midhun said that, when he narrated the story of ''Abraham Ozler'' to Mammootty, he liked the script and asked him if he could play the antagonist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Midhun Manuel Thomas Interview: ജയറാമിനെ റീലോഞ്ച് ചെയ്യുന്ന ചിത്രത്തില്‍ മമ്മൂട്ടി എങ്ങനെയെത്തി? മിഥുന്‍ മാനുവല്‍ തോമസ് അഭിമുഖം |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/celebrity-interviews/mammootty-asked-the-role-in-abraham-ozler-midhun-manuel-thomas-interview-jayaram-nsn-s73n9v |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.asianetnews.com}}</ref> Midhun was apprehensive about casting Mammootty. However, Jayaram convinced him to give the role to Mammootty.<ref name="pinkvilla.com"/> Midhun met Mammootty again, who consented to play the role of Alexander.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-16 |title=Jayaram reveals Mammootty was not the first choice for Alexander's role in 'Abraham Ozler' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayaram-reveals-mammootty-was-not-the-first-choice-for-alexanders-role-in-abraham-ozler/articleshow/106887405.cms |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The project was announced on 19 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayaram teams up with Midhun Manuel Thomas for Abraham Ozler |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/19/jayaram-teams-up-with-midhun-manuel-thomas-for-abraham-ozler-43643.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began on 20 May 2023 in [[Mission Quarters]] in [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayaram-Midhun Manuel Thomas film Abraham Ozler begins |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/20/jayaram-midhun-manuel-thomas-film-abraham-ozler-begins-43661.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=20 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Producer Irshad M. Hassan performed the switch-on ceremony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=Malayalam Actor Jayaram-starrer Medical Crime-drama Abraham Ozler Goes On Floors |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/malayalam-actor-jayaram-starrer-medical-crime-drama-abraham-ozler-goes-on-floors-7885651.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The first scene was reportedly shot between Jayaram and Sai Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=20 May 2023 |title=അഞ്ചാം പാതിരക്ക് ശേഷം വീണ്ടും ക്രൈം ത്രില്ലറുമായി മിഥുന്‍ മാനുവല്‍; ജയറാം നായകന്‍ |url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/entertainment/abraham-ozlers-first-look-jayaram-is-all-set-for-his-comeback-to-mollywood-218646 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=MediaOne |language=ml}}</ref> Apart from Thrissur, [[Palakkad]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Idukki]] and [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]] were the other shooting locations.<ref name=":0" /> The filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] up on 14 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a wrap for Jayaram's Abraham Ozler |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/14/its-a-wrap-for-jayarams-abraham-ozler-49532.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film's music was composed by [[Midhun Mukundan]]. It consists of one track, ''Poomaname'', from the 1985 film ''[[Nirakkoottu]].'' The track was originally composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=nithya |title=മമ്മൂട്ടി അന്ന് നായകൻ, ഇന്ന് അതിഥി വേഷം, ഒരേയൊരു പാട്ട് 'പൂമാനമേ..' |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/mammootty-and-jayaram-movie-ozler-poomaname-song-goes-viral-nirakkoottu-nrn-s79f0g |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref> The song was sung by Nitin K. Siva, while the original song was by [[K. S. Chithra]], [[G. Venugopal]] and [[K. G. Markose]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abraham Ozler {{!}} Song - Poomaname {{!}} Malayalam Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/abraham-ozler-song-poomaname/videoshow/107405869.cms |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film was initially scheduled to release on 25 December 2023, on the occasion of Christmas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayaram's Abraham Ozler to arrive on Christmas |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/sep/25/jayarams-abraham-ozler-to-arrive-on-christmas-47992.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=25 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The release date was postponed to 11 January 2024 to avoid a clash with other major Christmas releases.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-06 |title=Jayaram's thriller 'Abraham Ozler's release date changed! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayarams-thriller-abraham-ozlers-release-date-changed/articleshow/105009144.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was released in North America on 12 January 2024.

=== Home media ===
''Abraham Ozler'' is released in [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 20 March 2024 and it will also be available in [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Bhavana |date=2024-02-06 |title=Abraham Ozler OTT Release Date Confirmed |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/abraham-ozler-to-stream-on-prime-video-check-date-881243 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
Abraham Ozler received mixed reviews from critics.

Gopika IS of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Jayaram starrer Abraham Ozler turned out to be an interesting watch and can undoubtedly be seen as a new phase in the actor's career."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Abraham Ozler Movie Review: Jayaram's thriller begins well but falters in places |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/abraham-ozler/movie-review/106772667.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Sara Anna Eepan of [[The Week (Indian magazine)|''The Week'']] gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Abraham Ozler is worth a watch on the big screen for those interested in an investigation drama with medical thriller elements."<ref>{{Cite web |title='Abraham Ozler' review: Jayaram delivers an engaging crime thriller – The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2024/01/11/abraham-ozler-review-jayaram-delivers-an-engaging-crime-thriller.html |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=The Week}}</ref>

Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Abraham Ozler doesn't lack the ability to hook us, but it made me wonder whether it would've worked better as an airport novel than a film."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jan/12/abraham-ozler-review-intriguing-details-camouflage-an-unaffecting-thriller-2650111.html|title=Abraham Ozler review: Intriguing details camouflage an unaffecting thriller|website=The New Indian Express|date=12 January 2024 }}</ref> Nikhil Sebastian of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Abraham Ozler falls into the category of another half-baked thriller, relying on the performances of the actors and a brilliant original score."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Abraham Ozler Movie Review: Midhun Manuel's latest thriller with Jayaram offers a decent watch for genre enthusiasts |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/abraham-ozler-movie-review-midhun-manuels-latest-thriller-with-jayaram-offers-a-decent-watch-for-genre-enthusiasts-1270858 |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>
Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Midhun Manuel Thomas' film can be dubbed as a crime thriller that meets the essential criteria for the genre. However, determining whether it has done a good job requires more than a simple yes/no answer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Abraham Ozler movie review: Midhun Manuel Thomas film is mostly a letdown, saved only by a revived Jayaram and You-Know-Who |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/abraham-ozler-movie-review-midhun-manuel-thomas-film-is-mostly-a-letdown-saved-only-by-a-revived-jayaram-and-you-know-who-9104064/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The Jayaram-starrer is marred by generic treatment to the serial killer genre, with a cameo from superstar Mammootty offering only a temporary relief."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2024-01-11 |title='Abraham Ozler' movie review: A serial killer pursuit that fizzles out soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/abraham-ozler-movie-review-a-serial-killer-pursuit-that-fizzles-out-soon/article67730146.ece |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
Vishal Menon of ''[[Anupama Chopra|FIlm Companion]]'' wrote "By reinventing Jayaram as an actor and by infusing so much information into a stereotypical thriller, ''Abraham Ozler'' remains fairly engaging even if you've seen it all before."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2024-01-11 |title=Abraham Ozler Review: An All-New Jayaram In A Same Old Revenge Drama Disguised As A Serial Killer Thriller |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/malayalam-review/abraham-ozler-review-an-all-new-jayaram-in-a-same-old-revenge-drama-disguised-as-a-serial-killer-thriller-malayalam-movie |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>
Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote "The initial feeling of repetitiveness affects the thrills in the first half. However, true to the expression "to end with a bang," Midhun employs the right tactics in the second half to provide viewers with a more than satisfactory conclusion."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solid ending and a surprise cameo save the case for Midhun Manuel Thomas' 'Abraham Ozler' {{!}} Movie Review |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2024/01/11/abraham-ozler-movie-review-jayaram-midhun-manuel-thomas-mammootty.html |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Abraham Ozler'' grossed ₹28.8&nbsp;million from [[Kerala]] and ₹60&nbsp;million worldwide, on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-18 |title=Abraham Ozler' box office collections day 7: Jayaram's thriller rakes in Rs 13.24 crores |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/abraham-ozler-box-office-collections-day-7-jayarams-thriller-rakes-in-rs-13-24-crores/articleshow/106948711.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film grossed ₹2.34 crore on its second day, with worldwide gross exceeding ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forum |first=Keralam |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Very good hold for #AbrahamOzler on its Day-2 (FRI) as the early estimates suggests Kerala gross collection in the range of ₹2.1cr to ₹2.2cr |url=https://x.com/Forumkeralam2/status/1745853390595239986?s=20 |website=Twitter}}</ref> ''Abraham Ozler'' grossed ₹2.9 crore on its third day and ₹3.19 crore on its first Sunday. The film grossed around ₹11.31 crore in its first four days from Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forum |first=Keralam |date=January 15, 2025 |title=#AbrahamOzler 4-day opening weekend Kerala Boxoffice update |url=https://x.com/Forumkeralam2/status/1746840699075539303?s=20 |website=Twitter}}</ref> The film grossed ₹22 crore worldwide in its first weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |title=mollywood Top Opening Weekend WorldWide: എണ്ണത്തില്‍ 'കിംഗ്' മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍, ഒന്നാമത് ഈ താരം, മൂന്നില്‍ ഒതുങ്ങി മമ്മൂട്ടി; ആദ്യവാരാന്ത്യത്തിൽ കസറിയ പടങ്ങൾ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/mollywood-top-opening-weekend-worldwide-aadujeevitham-lucifer-bheeshma-parvam-mammootty-mohanlal-sbax2m |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=www.asianetnews.com}}</ref>

The film grossed a total of $61,616 from the North America in the first weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forum |first=Keralam |date=January 16, 2024 |title=#AbrahamOzler 3-day opening weekend North America Boxoffice Reported |url=https://x.com/Forumkeralam2/status/1746894396295958897?s=20 |website=Twitter}}</ref> The film grossed ₹1.4 crore on its fifth day from the Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forum |first=Keralam |date=January 16, 2024 |title=Good Hold For #AbrahamOzler on its First working Day (MON) at Kerala Boxoffice with gross collection in the range of ₹1.4cr |url=https://x.com/Forumkeralam2/status/1747012287259390259?s=20}}</ref> The film grossed a total of ₹150&nbsp;million in its first 8 days from Kerala. The film grossed a total of ₹31&nbsp;million in its second weekend at Kerala. The film grossed a total of $1.36 million (approx ₹ 113&nbsp;million) from 11 days at the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] and [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] box office, while it grossed ₹17&nbsp;million from ROI circuits in 11 days. In North America, the film grossed $130K in UK and Europe it grossed $150K and in Australia $17K in 11 days at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title=Abraham Ozler's box office collections day 11: Jayaram's film continues strong; mints Rs 17.25 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/abraham-ozlers-box-office-collections-day-11-jayarams-film-continues-strong-mints-rs-1725-crore/articleshow/107108490.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Forum |first=Keralam |date=January 23, 2024 |title=#AbrahamOzler 11 Days UAE & GCC Boxoffice update |url=https://x.com/Forumkeralam2/status/1749729790695714865?s=20 |website=Twitter}}</ref> In 16 days, the film grossed more than ₹20 crore from Kerala and became the first commercially successful Malayalam film of 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forum |first=Keralam |date=January 26, 2023 |title=#AbrahamOzler All set for another good weekend |url=https://twitter.com/Forumkeralam2/status/1750947019945091092 |website=Twitter}}</ref> The film made a total collection of ₹40.05 crore from the worldwide box office in first 30 days of its release and also emerged as the all-time highest grossing solo film in the career of its leading man Jayaram within its lifetime run at the theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abraham Ozler Box Office final collections – Jayaram and Mammootty's crime thriller crosses Rs 40 crore mark |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/abraham-ozler-box-office-final-collections-jayaram-and-mammoottys-crime-thriller-crosses-rs-40-crore-mark/66b0edc5e2630 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.ottplay.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt27816710}}
* [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/abraham_ozler Rotten Tomatoes]

{{Midhun Manuel Thomas}}
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Midhun Manuel Thomas]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Wayanad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian slasher films]]
[[Category:2020s serial killer films]]
[[Category:Indian serial killer films]]

1341 Kerala floods

2026-03-01T19:16:04Z

Bihar: Data

{{Short description|Extreme weather event in medieval Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}

'''The 1341 Kerala Floods''' (also referred to as '''the 1341 Periyar River Floods''') refer to a possible extreme weather event — most likely a deluge — that occurred in the year 1341 CE in present-day [[Kerala]], on the [[Malabar Coast]] of southern India, along the [[Periyar River]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Jiji |date=10 December 2020 |title=How Periyar's Dance of Death Changed Kerala's Landscape |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2018/07/22/periyar-floods-muziris-port.html |access-date= |website=OnManorama}}</ref> No direct historical accounts of this flood survive today. Present-day knowledge about the event is based primarily on references to a calendar known as the "Puthuvype Era" or "Era of the New Deposit", which begins in 1341 CE.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book |last=Veluthat |first=Kesavan |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-early-medieval-in-south-india-9780198069140 |title=The Early Medieval in South India |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |pages=244 and 248 |chapter=A Capital City as a Sacred Centre}}</ref> Understanding of the flood is further supported by findings from the [[Pattanam]] [[archaeological excavation]] in the [[Kodungallur]]-[[North Paravur]] region near [[Cochin]], as well as geological studies of [[Vypin|Vypin Island]] and the [[Fort Kochi]] area.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Anandan |first=S. |last2=Rajagopal |first2=Shyama |date=2018-09-29 |title=Kerala Floods Replay the Catastrophe that Hit the Ancient Sea Port Muziris in 1341 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/remembrance-of-floods-past/article25074532.ece |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language= |publication-place= |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

It is widely believed that excessive [[siltation]], caused by runoff from the [[Western Ghats]] through the [[Periyar River]] during the floods, led to a change in the Periyar's course and the destruction of the early historic natural port of [[Muziris|Muziris (Muchiri)]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tom |first=Disney |date=27 August 2018 |title=After Centuries, Water almost Wiped off Muziris Remains |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/after-centuries-water-almost-wiped-off-muziris-remains/articleshow/65555814.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The accretion following the deluge perhaps brought about significant changes to the coastline between [[Alappuzha]] and [[Kodungallur]], resulting in the formation of new land masses such as [[Vypin (State Assembly constituency)|Vypin Island]] and extensive soil deposits in the [[Panangad, Kochi|Panangad]]-[[Kumbalam, Ernakulam|Kumbalam]] region. Historians also believe the floods played a major role in the formation of [[Cochin Port]] and the estuary on the [[Vembanad]].<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[Kerala floods (disambiguation)]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:Medieval Kerala]]
[[Category:Periyar (river)]]
[[Category:Disasters in Kerala]]
[[Category:Floods in Kerala]]
[[Category:1341]]
[[Category:1340s in Asia]]
[[Category:14th century in India]]

{{india-hist-stub}}
{{flood-stub}}

Kunnathoor Padi

2026-02-21T13:55:35Z

Bihar: expanded information to improve readability

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Copyedit|date=September 2025}}
[[File:Muthappan. Dec 2024.jpg|thumb|Thiruvappana At Kunnathoorpadi]]
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kunnathoor Padi
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
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'''Kunnathur Padi''' is a village in Kannur district, Kerala, India and is the historic center for the folk Hindu deity [[Muthappan|Sree Muthappan]]. The center stands in [[Payyavoor]] [[Grama Panchayat]], [[Kannur District]] of the [[Kerala]] state of India. It is located 3,000 feet above sea level on top of Udumbumala in the [[Sahyadri mountain]]s. The region belonged to the [[Mannanar dynasty]] during the line of Muttappan. Kunnathoorpadi was under the Kunnummal Idathil Thiyyar, who were under the Mannanar, from whom the name Kunnathoorpadi originated.<ref>Karippath, R. (2018). ''Theyy''.''aprapancham'' (Malayalam). Mathrubhumi Books. ISBN 978-9386822444.</ref>

In 1902, the last [[Mannanar dynasty|Mannanar]] king of the dynasty Kunhikelappan Mannanar was killed, after which the British government seized the dynasty's lands. Subsequently, Karakkatidam Nayanar obtained the right to collect taxes by placing gold as security in temples and securing authorization from the British fort at Thalassery to collect taxes in that region.<ref>Karippath, R. (2018). ''Theyy''.''aprapancham'' (Malayalam). Mathrubhumi Books. ISBN 978-9386822444.</ref>

Thereafter, Kunnathoorpadi being a devotional place under the [[Mannanar dynasty|Mannanar]] came under the management of Karakkatidam Nayanar, who were responsible for tax collection. After independence, Karakkatidam Nayanar also attempted to seize the [[Muthappan temple|Parassinikkadavu Muthappan Madapura]], claiming ownership on the basis that they had collected taxes for the British in the region and therefore had rights over the Madapura. However, the Parassinikkadavu family approached the court, which ruled that the claims of Karakkatidam Nayanar were baseless.<ref>Karippath, R. (2018). ''Theyy''.''aprapancham'' (Malayalam). Mathrubhumi Books. ISBN 978-9386822444.</ref>

Kunnathoorpadi, associated with the [[Mannanar dynasty|Mannanar]] and the Kunnummal Idathil Thiyyar, is a sacred site without permanent construction, located in a forested area. While the management of the Madapura by Karakkatidam Nayanar was not questioned for a long period due to the absence of the original custodians, these baseless claims have now begun to be questioned by the public.

The Kunnathur Padi festival is conducted there, although there is no temple for Sree Muthappan. The festival is held in a natural setting since it is believed that Sree Muthappan said that "Fallen leaves, a spring, a large mountain, a round stone, forest and palm trees are enough for me."

==History==
This forested hilly area is now known as Kunnathur Padi. There is a shrine of Patikutiyamma here on the top of the hill. Historians say that the argument is wrong if Brahmanical history is examined. This Arudam is the temple of the Mannanar royal family.<ref name="ghh">{{cite web |last=MA Rajeev Kumar |date=6 April 2022 |title=Neglected and forgotten: Remains of Mannanar dynasty crumbling |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/apr/06/neglected-and-forgotten-remains-of-mannanar-dynasty-crumbling-2438459.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Before that, the ancient king [[Kattan|Kuttan dynasty]] ruled from Purali hill.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=kuttan+tiyya&pg=PA349|title=A Social History of India|isbn=9788176481700|page=349|last1=Sadasivan|first1=S. N.|year=2000|publisher=APH }}</ref><ref name="ghj">M.V Vishnu Nambutiri, (2001) ''Life and Culture of Thiyyas in the extreme North of Kerala'', sree sankaracharya university, page-68,69</ref> During the thirty-day long festival, the Mannanars are required to fast by drinking thinakkanji. Only Mannanar and Patni McCachiar have seats here. All the rest of the countrymen and nobles who come to the festival should spread wild leaves on the ground. Shanthikars here belonged to two Thiyya communities with the title of Mandakurup and Rairukurup. Mannanara's palace is also believed to be the birthplace of the grandfather.<ref name="12rr">{{Cite web|last=V. Lissy Mathew| url=https://keralabookstore.com/book/kathivanoor-veeran/12272/|title=Kathivanoor Veeran|access-date=2020-11-07|pages=90–91}}</ref>

==Festival Details==
During the festival season, a temporary [[Madappura]] is erected, called [[kovil|Sreekovil]], in the middle of the forest. There is a glade and a cave in the middle of the forest. On the west side of the Madappura is a stone, a rock stand and a mud platform. On each side of the cave there is a [[palm tree]]. On the north side, there is a spring called Thiruvankadavu. Beyond that is Aadipadi.

''Thanthries'' do the purifying rituals (''Sudhi'', ''Pasudanam'', ''Punyaham'', ''[[Ganapati]] homam'' and ''Bhagavathiseva''). The ''Malayirakkal'' (invoking) of Sri Muthappan is done by ''Puralimala''. In all other madappuras, this is done by ''Kunnathurpadi''.

[[Thiruvappana]] and [[Vellattam]] do not appear simultaneously in the padi as in many other Sree Muthappan centres.

The festival at [[Padi, Chennai|Padi]] lasts from the month of [[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]] to [[Makaram]] (mid-December to mid-January).

==Worship Information==
Sree Muthappan is a [[Hindu]] deity worshiped commonly in Kannur district of Kerala, India. Muthappan and Thiruvappan are considered to be a manifestation of Shiva and Vishnu and hence, Muthappan wholly represents the idea of Brahman, the unity of God, as expressed in the Vedas.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://parassinikadavumuthappan.com Parassinikadavu Sri Muthappan Temple]</ref>

Worship of Muthappan is unique in that it does not follow the Sattvic (Brahminical) form of worship as in other Hindu temples. The main mode of worship is not by idol worship, but using a ritual enactment of Muthappan. Fish is used as an offering to Muthappan and people of all castes, religions and nationalities are permitted to enter the temple and take part in the worship.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Muthappan is also the principal deity in the worship ritual. The ritual performers of Muthappan Theyyam belong to the tribal community of Kerala. It is unique because in Kerala both the upper-caste Brahmins and the lower-caste tribals have a significant contribution to the major forms of worship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/kannur/malayalam-news/shreekanutapuram-1.1612590|title=പ്രകൃതിയോടിണങ്ങി മണ്‍പീഠം; ഇത് കുന്നത്തൂര്‍പാടിയുടെ പ്രത്യേകത |work=Mathrubhumi }}</ref>

Kunnathur Padi, the Aroodam of Sri Muthappan is located in Payyavoor Village of Taliparamba Taluk in Kannur District. Kunnathurpadi festival which starts in Malayalam month of Dhanu and ends in Makaram is conducted in a natural setting because Sree Muthappan said that "Fallen leaves, a spring, a large mountain, a round stone, forest and palm trees are enough for me." There are no temples for Muthappan in Kunnathur Padi. This area is beautiful with its greenery and is 3,000 feet above sea level atop Udumbamala in the Sahyadri Mountains. The divinity and the purity of this place with its breathtaking beauty has been maintained for centuries. Any visitor coming to this area will feel the blessing hand of Sri Muthappan and will be able to cross the thin line that separates the spiritual existence and the miseries of the material world. There is an open place and a cave in the middle of the forest. During the festival season a temporary Madappura is erected here which is called Sreekovil. On the west side of this Madappura, there is a stone, a rock stand and a mud platform. On each side of the cave there is a palm tree. On the north side, there is a spring called Thiruvankadavu. Beyond that is Aadipadi.

Thanthries do the purifying rituals (Sudhi, Pasudanam, Punyaham, Ganapati Homam and Bhagavathiseva). The Malayirakkal (invoking) of Sri Muthappan is done by Puralimala. In all other Madappuras this is done by Kunnathurpadi.

==Invoking Sri Muthappan==
[[File:Puralimala-muthappan-temple.jpg|thumb|Puralimala muthappan temple]]
At Kunnathurpadi, invoking of Sri Muthappan (malayirakkal) is from Puralimala whereas at Puralimala, it is from Kunnathurpadi. In all other madappuras, this is done from Kunnathurpadi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shreemuthappansurat.com/other%20temple.html |title=Shree Muthappan Seva Samithi, Surat |access-date=24 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524112258/http://shreemuthappansurat.com/other%20temple.html |archive-date=24 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On the first day of the festival four ''theyyams'' appear at Padi Puthiya Sri Muthappan, Puramkala Sri Muthappan, Naduvazhissan Daivam and Thiruavappana. The concept of Vannan about Sri Muthappan is that of Eiver Muthappan (five Muthappans) – Puramkala Sri Muthappan, Puralimala Sri Muthappan (Thiruvappana), Nambala Sri Muthappan (Nambala is ant hill) Sri Muthappan (Vellattam), Thoovakkally Sri Muthappan and Andu Muthappan. Muthppan does Pallivetta and accepts veethu (madhu). One of the acts depicts the Lord's writing on the granite stone with His arrow. He is writing moola mantras.

One thing at Padi is that Thiruvappana and Vellattam do not appear simultaneously as in many other Sri Muthappan centres. He comes at night and goes at night. After the divine dance is over, he sits on the platform and asks Nayanar also to sit in front of him. Sri Muthappan recites the pattola. It is the history of the Lord and His relationship with the Vanavar. ''Bhandaram'' ([[coffer]]) is brought. Devotees do not put anything directly into the coffer. Offerings are given to the Lord in hand, and Bhagvan places it in the coffer. Then begins the most important aspect of the festival, Sri Muthappan starts His arulapadu, the long wait of the devotees is over and He hears their grievances, consoles them and blesses them, then Vellattam appears after that.

==See also==
*[[Kottiyoor Temple]]
*[[Muthappan temple]]
*[[Parassinikkadavu]]
*[[Rajarajeshwara temple]]
*[[Temples of Kerala]]

{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kunnathoor Padi}}
* http://parassinikadavumuthappan.com
{{Kannur district}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kannur district]]
[[Category:Villages near Iritty]]

Karuna Kumar

2026-02-19T12:05:31Z

Bihar:

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karuna Kumar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter}}
| years_active = 2020–present
| relatives =
}}

'''Karuna Kumar''' is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works primarily in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=ABP News|date=2021-08-27|title=Sridevi Soda Center Maker Karuna Kumar Will Only Cast Telugu Actors In His Films, Here Is Why|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/sridevi-soda-center-director-karuna-kumar-will-only-cast-telugu-actors-in-his-films-here-is-why-1478830|access-date=2022-01-05|website=news.abplive.com|language=en}}</ref> He is best known for directing the 2020 film ''[[Palasa 1978]]''.

== Career ==
Karuna Kumar's debut film ''[[Palasa 1978]]'' was released in March 2020 opening to positive reviews from the critics. The film revolves around the incidents related to [[Caste system in India|caste discrimination]] and [[untouchability]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-02|title=From Palasa 1978 to Orey Bujjiga, here're 5 highly anticipated Telugu movies set to release in March|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/from-palasa-1978-to-orey-bujjiga-herere-5-highly-anticipated-telugu-movies-set-to-release-in-march/photostory/74439845.cms|access-date=2021-01-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> It was featured in year-end best films' charts including ''[[Film Companion]]'' and ''[[The Times of India]].''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Telugu Movies of 2020 {{!}} Top Rated Telugu Films of 2020 {{!}} Top 30 Best Telugu Movies of 2020 {{!}} Etimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/top-rated-movies/telugu/best-movies/2020/2742911|access-date=2022-01-05|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> His next directorial ''Metro Kathalu'' was released on streaming service [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]. Made as an anthology, ''[[The Times of India]]'' criticized Kumar's work and felt that the film "doesn’t have a fresh theme".<ref>{{Citation|title=Metro Kathalu Review: An incomplete anthology that doesn't offer what it promises|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/metro-kathalu/webseriesshow/77463001.cms|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> He then directed ''[[Sridevi Soda Center]]'' featuring [[Sudheer Babu]] and [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] in lead roles. Writing for ''[[The Hindu]],'' Sangeetha Devi Dundoo in her review, wrote that "With ''Sridevi Soda Center'', Karuna Kumar takes a mainstream approach given the presence of actor Sudheer Babu and tries to keep the narrative gritty while discussing issues of honour".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-08-27|title='Sridevi Soda Center' movie review: Succumbing to mainstream masala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/sridevi-soda-center-movie-review-karuna-kumar-and-sudheer-babu-film-takes-a-mainstream-approach-to-a-disturbing-issue/article36134956.ece|access-date=2022-01-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Others critics opined that the film could do much better in terms of screenplay.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pathi|first=Thadhagath|date=27 August 2021|title=Sridevi Soda Center Movie Review: A powerful story with a gut-wrenching ending|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/sridevi-soda-center/movie-review/85685186.cms|access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-27|title=Sridevi Soda Center Movie Review: Predictable screenplay kills the game|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2021/aug/27/sridevi-soda-center-movie-review-predictable-screenplay-kills-the-game-26297.html|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

Before the release of ''[[Sridevi Soda Center]]'', in July 2021, ''[[The Hans India]]'' reported that Kumar has eight upcoming films.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2021-07-20|title=Karuna Kumar has 8 projects in his pipeline!|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/karuna-kumar-has-8-projects-in-his-pipeline-696930|access-date=2022-01-05|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref> In November 2021, he walked out of the Telugu remake of the Malayalam film, [[Nayattu (2021 film)|''Nayattu'']], over creative differences.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karuna Kumar quits Nayattu Telugu remake?|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2021/nov/22/karuna-kumar-quits-nayattu-telugu-remake-27983.html|access-date=2022-01-05|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== As director and writer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of films
!Year
!Title
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Palasa 1978]]''
|-
|''Metro Kathalu''
|-
|2021
|''[[Sridevi Soda Center]]''
|-
|2022
|''Kalapuram''
|-
|2024
|''[[Matka (film)|Matka]]''
|-
|2026
|''[[Honey (2026 film)|Honey]]''
|}

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
|-
|2020
|''[[Uma Maheswara Ugra Roopasya]]''
|Karuna
|-
|2025
|''[[Katha Kamamishu]]''
|Sridhar
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of awards and nominations received
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|2021]]
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director – Telugu|Best Debut Director – Telugu]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Palasa 1978]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Manju Warrier, Suriya, others win at SIIMA Awards: Full list of winners|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manju-warrier-suriya-others-win-siima-awards-full-list-winners-155560|website=The News Minute}}</ref>
|-
|[[20th Santosham Film Awards|2021]]
|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|Best Debut Director
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Naresh|title=Suman TV - South Indian Film Awards: సంతోషం - సుమన్ టివి సౌత్ ఇండియన్ ఫిలిం అవార్డ్స్ ప్రమోషన్స్ కి సూపర్ రెస్పాన్స్ - Suman TV|url=https://sumantv.com/movies/santhosham-suman-tv-awards-2021-super-response-to-suman-tv-south-indian-film-awards-promotions/47291/|access-date=2021-11-14|language=en-US|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114070218/https://sumantv.com/movies/santhosham-suman-tv-awards-2021-super-response-to-suman-tv-south-indian-film-awards-promotions/47291/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm10857692|name=Karuna Kumar}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director – Telugu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Karuna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Nawazuddin Siddiqui

2026-02-18T08:55:41Z

Bihar: further expanded citations for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nawazuddin Siddiqui
| image = Nawazuddin Siddiqui at IFFK 2021 4 (cropped).jpg
| alt = close-up of Nawazuddin Siddiqui wearing a dark purple suit, print scarf, grinning and looking left of camera, with advertisements in background
| caption = Siddiqui in 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|05|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Budhana]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| occupation = Actor
| education = {{plainlist|
* [[National School of Drama]]
* [[Gurukula Kangri University]]}}
| years_active = 1999–present
| works = [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui filmography|Full list]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Nawazuddin Siddiqui|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Aaliya Siddiqui|2009}}<ref>{{cite web | url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-wife-aaliya-are-back-together-for-children-9236806/lite/ | title= Nawazuddin Siddiqui's wife Aaliya says they are back together for the sake of their children: 'No option of being apart in life now' | date=27 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Nawazuddin Siddiqui and wife Aaliya Siddiqui back together after bitter separation row |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/entertainment/nawazuddin-siddiqui-and-wife-aaliya-siddiqui-back-together-after-bitter-separation-row/cid/2009594 |website=Telegraph India|date=28 March 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref>
| children = 2
| website =
}}

'''Nawazuddin Siddiqui''' ({{IPA|hns|nəˈwaːzʊdːiːn sɪdːiːqi:|}}; born 19 May 1974) is an Indian actor known for his work in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref name="yt1">{{cite AV media |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Nawazuddin |interviewer=Guftagoo |title=Guftagoo with Nawazuddin Siddiqui |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIkjpdFHurA |date=24 August 2015 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/aIkjpdFHurA |archive-date=30 October 2021 |language=hi |location=India |time=2:15 |publisher=[[Sansad TV]] |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>PTI (24 April 2017) [http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/04/24/watch-nawazuddin-siddiqui-explains-that-he-isnt-just-a-muslim_a_22052880/ Watch: Nawazuddin Siddiqui Explains That He Isn't Just a Muslim, But a Bit of All Religions] ''HuffPost''. Retrieved 24 April 2017.</ref> He is the recipient of various accolades, including a [[National Film Award]], an [[IIFA Award]], and two [[Filmfare Awards]], as well as a nomination for an [[International Emmy Award|International Emmy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-seen-farming-while-on-family-vacation-in-up/story-OOJJGHBXj8J8WND1jCWuLM.html|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui seen farming while on family vacation in UP|date=12 September 2015|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> After studying acting at the [[National School of Drama]], Siddiqui had minor roles in films such as ''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]'' (1999), ''[[Shool]]'' (1999), and ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.|Munna Bhai M.B.B.S]]'' (2003).

Siddiqui first gained recognition for his role in [[Anurag Kashyap]]'s ''[[Black Friday (2004 film)|Black Friday]]'' (2004) and the 2012 ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]'' duology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=23 June 2025 |title=Nawazuddin Shares Throwback Pic with Anurag Kashyap to Celebrate Wasseypur Legacy |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/nawazuddin-celebrates-13-years-of-gangs-of-wasseypur-1782304 |access-date=23 June 2025 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref> Further success came for his supporting roles in ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' (2013), for which he won a [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]; ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' (2014); and ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' (2015). He went on to gain critical acclaim for his roles in ''[[Raman Raghav 2.0]]'' (2016), ''[[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]'' (2017), ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]'' (2017), and ''[[Manto (2018 film)|Manto]]'' (2018).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/manto-director-nandita-das-honoured-at-asia-pacific-screen-awards-nawazuddin-siddiqui-named-best-actor-5643271.html|title=Manto director Nandita Das honoured at Asia Pacific Screen Awards; Nawazuddin Siddiqui named Best Actor|date=29 November 2018|website=Firstpost|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>

He has also starred in two [[Emmy Award|Emmy]]-nominated series, ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]'' (2018–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gq-men-of-the-year-awards-2018-winners-saif-ali-khan-photos-5377681/|title=GQ Men of the Year Awards 2018: Nawazuddin Siddiqui wins Actor of the Year, Saif Ali Khan is style legend|date=28 September 2018|website=The Indian Express|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> and the British ''[[McMafia]]'' (2018).

==Early life==
Siddiqui was born on 19 May 1974<ref name="yt1" /> in [[Budhana]], a small town in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India,<ref name="TIE20150802" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Ram |first=Sharmila Ganesan |title=In Bollywood, the heroine is still a prop and the hero must dance and shoot people: Nawazuddin Siddiqui |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/in-bollywood-the-heroine-is-still-a-prop-and-the-hero-must-dance-and-shoot-people-nawazuddin-siddiqui/articleshow/61166160.cms |date=22 October 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=22 October 2017}}</ref> into a [[zamindar]]i [[Muslim]] family of [[Lambardar]]s.<ref name="yt1" /><ref name="TIE20150802">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/i-thought-if-i-have-to-die-of-hunger-i-might-as-well-do-so-in-mumbai-nawazuddin-siddiqui/ |title=I've struggled for over 15 years, hope is what saw me through: Nawazuddin Siddiqui |date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> He is the eldest of eight siblings.<ref name="teh12">{{cite news |date=July 2012 |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui: The ordinary star |work=[[Tehelka]] |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=hub210712ORDINARY.asp |url-status=dead |access-date=16 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718191942/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=hub210712ORDINARY.asp |archive-date=18 July 2012}}</ref> He spent most of his youth in [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Ishani |title=Acting in Town Hall, star gazing in Maldevta: What makes Doon so special for Nawazuddin Siddiqui? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Acting-in-Town-Hall-star-gazing-in-Maldevta-What-makes-Doon-so-special-for-Nawazuddin-Siddiqui/articleshow/49023539.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Actor Nawazuddin's family caught in Uttarakhand weather havoc |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/actor-nawazuddins-family-caught-in-uttarakhand-weather-havoc-167632-2013-06-22 |date=22 June 2013 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

He graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science]] in chemistry from [[Gurukul Kangri University]] in Haridwar.<ref name="indiatoday.2012.09.15">{{cite magazine |last=Bari |first=Nishat |title=Rural Rockstars: Nawazuddin Siddiqui carved his own space in Bollywood through his unique roles |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120917-rural-rockstars-nawazuddin-siddiqui-gangs-of-wasseypur-i-and-ii-759720-2012-09-08 |date=15 September 2012 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=5 May 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505231126/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120917-rural-rockstars-nawazuddin-siddiqui-gangs-of-wasseypur-i-and-ii-759720-2012-09-08 |archive-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> Following this, he worked as a chemist in [[Vadodara]] for a year before leaving for [[Delhi]] in search of a new job. Once there, he was drawn to acting after watching a play. In pursuit of securing admission to the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD) in [[New Delhi]],<ref name="indiatoday.2012.09.15" /> he acted in over ten plays with a group of friends, including one in [[Dehradun]],<ref name=":0" /> to fulfill one of the criteria for admission.<ref name="yt1" />

==Career==
===1999–2012: Early work and recognition===
Siddiqui went to the [[National School of Drama]] in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood diaries! Nawazuddin Siddiqui's journey from a watchman to darling of crossover cinema |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/nawazuddin-siddiqui-anurag-kashyap-gangs-of-wasseypur-talaash-120499-2012-11-03 |date=4 November 2012 |website=[[India Today]]|department=Celebrities |agency=[[Mail Today]] |access-date=17 September 2015}}</ref> After graduating in 1999, he moved to [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/i-learnt-a-long-time-ago-to-not-let-how-i-look-affect-me-nawazuddin-siddiqui/cid/1720206|title='I learnt a long time ago to not let how I look affect me' — Nawazuddin Siddiqui|work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkata|access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref>

He made his [[Bollywood]] debut in the year 1999 with a small role in the [[Aamir Khan]] starrer ''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-recommended-me-for-talaash-nawazuddin/277068-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813051853/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-recommended-me-for-talaash-nawazuddin/277068-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 August 2012|title=Aamir recommended me for 'Talaash': Nawazuddin|date=1 August 2012}}</ref> He then appeared in [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s 1999 film ''[[Shool]]'' and the 2000 film ''[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]'', as well as [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s ''[[Munnabhai MBBS]]'' (2003). After moving to Mumbai, he tried to get work in television serials but did not achieve much success.<ref name="exp12" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui on a roll |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Nawazuddin-Siddiqui-on-a-roll/articleshow/12273536.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034449/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-15/news-interviews/31196319_1_roles-actors-sarfarosh |url-status=live |archive-date=28 September 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2012 }}</ref> He did a short film, ''[[The Bypass]]'', in 2003, where he appeared with [[Irrfan Khan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Irrfan Khan and Nawazuddin Siddiqui starrer The Bypass to be screened at the Bandra Film Festival |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/irrfan-khan-nawazuddin-siddiqui-starrer-bypass-screened-bandra-film-festival/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=25 August 2022 |access-date=14 September 2023}}</ref> Beyond that, between 2002 and 2005, he was largely out of work and lived in a flat that he shared with four other people, surviving by conducting occasional acting workshops.<ref name="exp12">{{cite news |title=My family counts only the Khans as actors |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/my-family-counts-only-the-khans-as-actors/953978/0 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=27 May 2012 }}</ref> In 2004, which was one of the worst years of his struggle, Siddiqui couldn't pay rent. He asked an NSD senior if he could stay with him. The senior allowed him to share his apartment in [[Goregaon]] suburb if he was willing to cook meals for him.<ref name="Sinha">{{cite web|last=Sinha|first=Chinki|title=Now Starring: Nawazuddin Siddiqui|date=21 September 2012 |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/now-starring-nawazuddin-siddiqui|publisher=openthemagazine|access-date=29 September 2012}}</ref>

Between 2004 and 2007, Siddiqui had a few minor roles, including in the film ''[[Black Friday (2007 film)|Black Friday]]'', which came out in 2007 and was a nominee for the [[Golden Leopard]]. In 2009, he appeared in a cameo role in the song "Emotional Atyachar" in the movie ''[[Dev D]]'', playing the role of Rangila. He performed a duet with Rasila (known together as Patna ke Presley). In the same year, he appeared in ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]''. However, it was his role of a journalist in [[Anusha Rizvi]]'s 2010 film ''[[Peepli Live]]'', that first got him wide recognition as an actor.<ref>[http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/wont-do-second-lead-anymore-nawazuddin-siddiqui/976698.html Won't do second lead anymore: Nawazuddin Siddiqui] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325191225/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/wont-do-second-lead-anymore-nawazuddin-siddiqui/976698.html |date=25 March 2012 }} CNN-IBN, 18 March 2012.</ref> In 2012, he appeared in [[Prashant Bhargava]]'s ''Patang: The Kite'', which premiered at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] and the [[Tribeca Film Festival]]. Siddiqui's performance was praised by film critic [[Roger Ebert]],<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> who stated that the role "transformed his acting style"<ref name="bollyspice.com" /> and he awarded the actor the 'Thumbsup Trophy'. The film was subsequently released in the U.S. and Canada and garnered much attention, with rave reviews from ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="NYTSaltz2012">{{cite news|last1=Saltz|first1=Rachel|title=The Old Neighborhood, in India: 'Patang' ('The Kite'), Directed by Prashant Bhargava|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/15/movies/patang-the-kite-directed-by-prashant-bhargava.html|access-date=22 July 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 June 2012}}</ref>

===2012–present: Mainstream success===
Siddiqui then appeared in the 2012 film ''[[Kahaani]]'', in which he played the archetypal short-tempered [[intelligence officer]] Khan. [[Anurag Kashyap]]'s gangster epic ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]'' followed, which furthered the actor's fame.<ref name="TOIVyavahare20120711">{{cite news|last1=Vyavahare |first1=Renuka |title=Aamir Khan has no airs about himself: Nawazuddin Siddiqui |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Aamir-Khan-has-no-airs-about-himself-Nawazuddin-Siddiqui/articleshow/14821029.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715003723/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-11/news-interviews/32632399_1_nawazuddin-siddiqui-wasseypur-peepli-live |url-status=live |archive-date=15 July 2013 |date=11 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> He played his first primary role as Sonu Duggal in [[Ashim Ahluwalia]]'s ''[[Miss Lovely]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Anupam Kant |title=Cheap, yet lovely |url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/05/04192738/Cheap-yet-lovely.html/ |date=4 May 2012 |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|live mint]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref> which premiered at the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival]],<ref name="Official Selection">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58878.html |title=2012 Official Selection |access-date=21 April 2012 |work=Cannes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Lovely is India's entry at Cannes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/miss-lovely-is-india-s-entry-at-cannes/story-0n4UQpHjHI8IgXtgOXJyyJ.html |access-date=13 February 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 April 2012}}</ref> a role Siddiqui describes as his "most real performance so far".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Khan |first=Taran N. |title=The late but unstoppable rise of Nawazuddin Siddiqui|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reviews-and-essays/showtime |url-access=subscription |date=31 July 2012 |magazine=[[The Caravan]] |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref> Siddiqui then followed this with the [[Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2|sequel]] to ''Gangs of Wasseypur''. In 2013, he played the lead role in the horror flick ''[[Aatma (2013 film)|Aatma]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Gangs-of-Wasseypur-2-trailer-hits-web-trends-on-Twitter/Article1-884053.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707083232/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Gangs-of-Wasseypur-2-trailer-hits-web-trends-on-Twitter/Article1-884053.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2012|title=Gangs of Wasseypur – Part II trending on Twitter|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' premiered as part of the [[Critics' Week]] section at the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival]] and won him multiple awards.<ref name=":1" /> He appeared in [[Aamir Khan]]'s 2012 release ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within|Talaash]]''. He received the [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]] at the 2012 [[National Film Awards]]<ref name="TOISen20130320">{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Zinia |date=20 March 2013 |title=I was a rejected actor: Nawazuddin Siddiqui |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/I-was-a-rejected-actor-Nawazuddin-Siddiqui/articleshow/19068654.cms |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Vivek |date=5 July 2012 |title=Art cinema has a new hero |url=http://filmfare.com/interviews/art-cinema-has-a-new-hero-785.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719131536/http://filmfare.com/interviews/art-cinema-has-a-new-hero-785.html/ |archive-date=19 July 2012 |access-date=27 May 2016 |website=[[Filmfare]].com}}</ref> and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] in 2013 for ''The Lunchbox''. In 2014, he played the lead antagonist Shiv Gajra in the blockbuster ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]''.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Why Nawazuddin Siddiqui is the perfect nemesis for Salman Khan in 'Kick' | last = Hebbar | first = Prajakta | work = [[News18]] | date = 26 July 2014 | access-date = 8 August 2016 | url = http://www.news18.com/news/india/why-nawazuddin-siddiqui-is-the-perfect-nemesis-for-salman-khan-in-kick-704163.html }}</ref>

[[File:Nawazuddin Siddiqui - IIFA 2017 Green Carpet (36349709816) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Siddiqui at the [[18th IIFA Awards]] (2017)]]

In 2015, Siddiqui's films ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' and ''[[Manjhi – The Mountain Man]]'' were released, and he was praised for his roles. His work in ''Raman Raghav 2.0'' in 2016 won him the Fancine Malaga Award in Spain<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://externos.uma.es/cultura/fancine/2016-sci-fi/index.php/2016/11/24/fancine-awards/|title=Fancine Awards|language=es-ES|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> and in the [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 October 2016|title=Anurag Kashyap's Raman Raghav 2.0 gets 3 Asia Pacific Screen Awards nominations|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-s-raman-raghav-2-0-gets-3-asia-pacific-screen-awards-nominations/story-IKJxjXzOIyXgNv3s9m1EqO.html|access-date=7 December 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> both in the category of Best Actor. The 2018 film ''[[Manto (2018 film)|Manto]]'', based on the life of Urdu author [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], won him Best Actor at the 2018 Asia Pacific Screen Awards.<ref name=":1" />

In 2018, Siddiqui starred alongside [[Saif Ali Khan]] in [[Netflix]]'s first original Indian series, ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]'', based on [[Vikram Chandra (novelist)|Vikram Chandra]]'s [[Sacred Games (novel)|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sacred Games Star Cast – Who Plays Whom in Sacred Games on Netflix? |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/sacred-games-netflix-series-saif-ali-khan-radhika-apte-nawazuddin-siddiqui |website=[[GQ India]] |access-date=30 August 2024 |date=6 July 2018}}</ref>

In 2021, he was seen in the American-Bangladeshi-Indian film ''[[No Land's Man]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=11 June 2020|title=A.R. Rahman on board Nawazuddin Siddiqui's international film 'No Land's Man'|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-on-board-nawazuddin-siddiquis-international-film-no-lands-man/article31801660.ece|access-date=16 December 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2022, Siddiqui appeared in ''[[Heropanti 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui joins the cast of Tiger Shroff starrer Heropanti 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-joins-cast-tiger-shroff-starrer-heropanti-2/ |date=29 May 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

In 2023, he starred in ''[[Afwaah]]'' alongside [[Bhumi Pednekar]], in ''[[Jogira Sara Ra Ra]]'' opposite [[Neha Sharma]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Neha Sharma to star in rom-com 'Jogira Sara Ra Ra' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/aug/10/nawazuddin-siddiqui-neha-sharma-to-star-in-rom-com-jogira-sara-ra-ra-2181552.html |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=The New Indian Express|date=10 August 2020 }}</ref> and in [[Kangana Ranaut]]'s ''[[Tiku Weds Sheru]]'', opposite [[Avneet Kaur]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2021|title=First Look: Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Avneet Kaur are dressed in traditional outfits in Tiku Weds Sheru|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/first-look-nawazuddin-siddiqui-and-avneet-kaur-are-dressed-in-traditional-outfits-in-tiku-weds-sheru/|access-date=8 November 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

In 2025, he starred in the [[Maddock Films]] production ''[[Thamma]]'', alongside [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]], and [[Paresh Rawal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayushmann Khurrana Kickstarts 2025 with His Next Film Thama |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ayushmann-khurrana-kickstarts-2025-with-his-next-film-thama-7410667 |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=ndtv.com}}</ref> He later reprised his role as Inspector Jatil Yadav in the crime thriller ''[[Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders]]'', a sequel to 2020's ''[[Raat Akeli Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Art cinema has a new hero |url=http://filmfare.com/interviews/art-cinema-has-a-new-hero-785.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719131536/http://filmfare.com/interviews/art-cinema-has-a-new-hero-785.html/ |archive-date=19 July 2012 |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=filmfare.com}}</ref> The film, directed by Honey Trehan and written by Smita Singh, premiered at the 56th [[International Film Festival of India]] in Goa before its global release by [[Netflix]] on 19 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix's 'Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders' Marks a Grand World Premiere at IFFI Ahead of Its Global Release on 19th December |website=About Netflix |url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflixs-raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-marks-a-grand-world-premiere-at-iffi }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders premieres at IFFI ahead of Netflix release on December 19 |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/raat-akeli-hai-bansal-murders-premieres-iffi-ahead-netflix-release-december-19/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raat Akeli Hai 2 teaser: Nawazuddin Siddiqui vows to crack twisted family murder case |website=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raat-akeli-hai-2-teaser-nawazuddin-siddiqui-crack-twisted-family-murder-radhika-apte-calls-it-horrific-10388748/ }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Siddiqui has been married twice. In his youth, he dated a woman named Anjali, who grew up in the same village as he; the couple broke up in 2009.<ref name="dailyexpress">{{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Samuel|date=16 August 2019|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui wife: Who is Sacred Games Gaitonde star married to?|newspaper=[[Daily Express]]|url=https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/1166406/Nawazuddin-siddiqui-wife-sacred-games-Gaitonde-married-aaliya-anjali|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> In 2010 or 2011, he married a woman named Sheeba.<ref name="dailyexpress" /> By 2012, he was dating an American woman named Suzanne.<ref name="dailyexpress" /> He also had a brief relationship with [[Niharika Singh]], a former Miss India, with whom he co-starred in two films.<ref name="dailyexpress" />

Siddiqui eventually reconnected with Anjali, and the couple married and had two children, a daughter and a son. At this point, Anjali took the name Aaliya Siddiqui.<ref name="IE Siddiqui kid">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-blessed-with-a-baby-boy-says-it-his-best-birthday-gift/|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui blessed with baby boy on his 41st birthday |date=19 May 2015|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> In May 2020, Aaliya announced on social media that she was seeking a divorce from Nawazuddin.<ref>{{cite news |last= Panchal|first= Komal RJ|date=19 May 2010|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui's wife Aalia Siddiqui seeks divorce, sends legal notice to actor|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-wife-aalia-siddiqui-sends-legal-notice-divorce-6416029/|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Mankermi|first= Shivani|date=22 May 2010|title="She has suffered a lot," Nawazuddin Siddiqui's wife Aaliya's lawyer opens up on her legal notice for divorce|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/she-has-suffered-a-lot-nawazuddin-siddiquis-wife-aaliyas-lawyer-opens-up-on-her-legal-notice-for-divorce/articleshow/75821221.cms|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

Siddiqui lives in Mumbai with his younger brother, Shamas Nawab,<ref name="HTDas2013">{{cite news|last1=Das|first1=Anirban|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Nawazuddin-Siddiqui-backs-his-brother/Article1-1078221.aspx|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui backs his brother|date=18 June 2013|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=22 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217060406/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-backs-his-brother/article1-1078221.aspx|archive-date=17 December 2014|publisher=HT Media Limited}}</ref> a film director. When not busy acting, he likes to spend time in his hometown of Budhana, where he owns a farm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/nawazuddin-siddiqui-to-buy-a-plot-in-maharashtra-for-farming-aims-to-educate-farmers-on-new-techniques-350750.html|title=Nawazuddin to Buy a Plot in Maharashtra for Farming, Aims to Educate Farmers on New Techniques|date=6 August 2018|website=The Times of India|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> In a May 2021 interview, he said that he spends most of his time there.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mankermi |first=Shivani |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui: I have returned to Budhana to be with my mother and family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-nawazuddin-siddiqui-i-have-returned-to-budhana-to-be-with-mother-and-family/articleshow/82291149.cms |agency=Timesofindia.com |website=Entertainment Times |date=3 May 2021 |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Main|Nawazuddin Siddiqui filmography}}

==Accolades==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Nawazuddin Siddiqui}}

Siddiqui's first lead role in a feature film was in [[Prashant Bhargava]]'s ''Patang'', which premiered at the [[Berlin Film Festival]], in which his performance has been praised by film critic [[Roger Ebert]] (awarding the film 4/4 stars),<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news | url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120613/REVIEWS/120619991 | work=Chicago Sun-Times | title=Patang Movie Review & Film Summary (2012) | date=13 June 2012 | access-date=20 August 2012 | archive-date=14 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014203341/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20120613%2FREVIEWS%2F120619991 | url-status=dead }}</ref> who stated that the role "transformed his acting style".<ref name="bollyspice.com">{{cite web|url=http://bollyspice.com/45012/working-patang-enormous-impact-every-role-i-done-since-nawazuddin-siddiqui|title="Working on Patang has had an enormous impact on every role I have done since" – Nawazuddin Siddiqui -|date=13 June 2012|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-date=30 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630010734/http://bollyspice.com/45012/working-patang-enormous-impact-every-role-i-done-since-nawazuddin-siddiqui|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Siddiqui was awarded the [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]] at the [[60th National Film Awards]] 2012 for his work in the films ''[[Kahaani]]'', ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]'', ''[[Dekh Indian Circus]]'', and ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within|Talaash]]''.<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press release|title=List of Awards Announced in various categories for the 60th National Film Awards|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Nawazuddin Siddiqui
| list =
{{Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Actor}}
{{National Film Award Special Jury Award Feature Film}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestSupportingActor 2001–2020}}
{{Asian Film Award for Best Supporting Actor}}
{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{ScreenAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{StardustAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{StarGuildAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorMale}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siddiqui, Nawazuddin}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Gurukul Kangri University alumni]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Asian Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Asia Pacific Screen Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors in Urdu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian web series actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]

2012 Dharmapuri violence

2026-02-11T16:36:20Z

Bihar: reworked layout for accuracy and added references for consistency

{{short description|Caste related violence against Dalits in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = 2012 Dharmapuri violence
| subtitle =Caste-related violence against Dalits
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date =7 November 2012
| place =[[Dharmapuri district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates =
| causes =Caste tensions
| goals =
| methods =[[Arson]], [[vandalism]], [[looting]]
| status =
| result =
| side1 =
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| leadfigures1 =
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| howmany1 =
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| howmany3 =
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| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| casualties4 =
| fatalities =
| injuries =
| arrests =142
| damage =*268 Dalit houses set on fire
*1500+ people left homeless
| detentions =
| charged =
| fined =
| effect =
| effect_label =
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| notes =
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}}
In the '''2012 Dharmapuri violence''', a [[Vanniyar]] caste mob set fire to about 268 Dalit houses in Natham, old and new Kondampatti and Annanagar [[Dalit]] colonies in [[Dharmapuri district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] on 8 November 2012.<ref name=":2" /> The violence occurred after a [[Vanniyar]] girl from Sellankottai village, and a [[Dalit]] boy, from the neighbouring Dalit colony of Natham, eloped due to parental opposition against their marriage. A caste panchayat held on the morning of 7 November by leaders from both communities ruled that the girl be returned to her family. Distraught at her decision to stay with her husband, her father allegedly committed suicide. The discovery of his body later that day is said to have provoked a 1,500-strong mob to rampage through Natham and two smaller Dalit settlements, Kondampatti and Anna Nagar, where it set ablaze over 200 houses, damaged at least 50 others, and allegedly looted valuables and cash worth lakhs of rupees. The mob rampaged for four hours and was brought under control after arrest of 90 men and an additional deployment of 1000 policemen.<ref name="arrest">{{cite news|author=K A Shaji |author2=V Senthil Kumaran |author3=Karthick S|first=TNN|title=Inter-caste marriage sparks riot in Tamil Nadu district, 148 dalit houses torched|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-09/india/35015844_1_dalit-houses-dalit-youth-dalit-boy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127015708/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-09/india/35015844_1_dalit-houses-dalit-youth-dalit-boy|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 November 2012}}</ref>

While [[S. Ramadoss|Ramadoss]], belonging to Vanniyar political outfit [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK), had rubbished allegations that his party orchestrated the incident, many Dalits believe otherwise. His party is said to have fomented tension between Vanniyars and Dalits by publicly condemning marriages between the two.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shoba|first=V|date=November 25, 2012|title=Love and violence in Dharmapuri - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/love-and-violence-in-dharmapuri/1035856/0|access-date=|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

Many of the victims had blamed the fecklessness of the police and the district administration as this was a planned incident where a caste mob had been mobilised from 22 neighbouring villages. Though around 300 policemen were present on the spot anticipating trouble, they failed to control the violent gathering as the mob was eight times higher than the number of deployed forces.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Shaji|first1=K. A.|date=November 8, 2012|first2=V. Senthil|last2= Kumaran |title=Dalit houses torched, caste violence in Dharmapuri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Dalit-houses-torched-caste-violence-in-Dharmapuri/articleshow/17144263.cms|access-date=2020-07-10|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/love-and-violence-in-dharmapuri/1035856/4|title=Love and violence in Dharmapuri - Indian Express|publisher=|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref> The Sub-inspector of Police, belonging to same caste of boy, and the constables responsible for maintaining peace in the area have since been transferred or suspended.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

The [[National Commission for Scheduled Castes]] (NCSC) described the attack as well- organized and pre-planned.<ref name="SC-Panel-Organized" />

==Background==

The [[Vanniyars]] are an intermediate caste dominant in northern Tamil Nadu and form 12-13% of the state's population. The [[Adi Dravida]]r community, formerly called [[Paraiyars]], make up approximately half of the state's Dalit population and form around 10% of the state's population. Dharmapuri had been a stronghold of the Naxalite movement until the early 2000s, and the Communists and other Leftist groups encouraged a solidarity between different communities and ensured casteism was significantly reduced. With the collapse of [[Naxalism]], the people, once monolithic in their opposition to untouchability and discrimination, were now lured by caste identities and the promise of power. Thus began an era where Dalits were made vulnerable by radicalised groups and Vanniyars turned sanctimonious about their perceived position in society. This inevitably led to clashes between the communities.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warrier|first=Shobha|title=The Rediff Interview/R Thirumalvalavan|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/aug/12inter.htm|work=Rediff|access-date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Chinnappan|first=Christina|date=2019-04-25|title=The Dharmapuri Caste Violence of 2012 {{!}} #DalitHistoryMonth|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2019/04/26/dharmapuri-caste-violence/|access-date=2020-07-10|website=Feminism In India}}</ref> These caste attitudes were strengthened by politicians, especially those of Vanniyar political outfit [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]]. In April 2012, PMK [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Kaduvetti Guru]] incited caste [[fanaticism]] when he asked the members of community to kill non-Vanniyar men who marry Vanniyar women at a Vanniyar youth meeting held in [[Mamallapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|author =Chakra|title=வெட்டி தள்ளுங்க..: சாதி உணர்வை தூண்டிய காடுவெட்டி குரு மீது மாமல்லபுரம் போலீஸ் வழக்குப்பதிவு|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2012/05/17/tamilnadu-case-filed-against-kaduvetti-guru-mamallapuram-154122.html|work=OneIndia|date=17 May 2012 |access-date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2924/stories/20121214292404000.htm|title=Double disadvantage|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513054044/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2924/stories/20121214292404000.htm|archive-date=13 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-why-i-want-to-ask-disturbing-questions-and-say-the-unsaid/20121128.htm#5|title=Why I want to ask disturbing questions and say the unsaid|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327012054/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-why-i-want-to-ask-disturbing-questions-and-say-the-unsaid/20121128.htm|archive-date=27 March 2016|url-status=live|quote=...Kaduvetti Guru has repeatedly been broadcasting this message. At a Chitra Pournami event in Mahabalipuram addressing Vanniyar youth, Guru openly exhorted that men of other castes marrying Vanniyar women should be killed.}}</ref>

Caste conflicts were present years before the violence in the Dharmapuri district. Although the Kondampatti village of Dharmapuri district is a panchayat village, the Dalits have access to the panchayat office, ration, schools in the nearby Vanniyar village of Puliyampatti. Dalits have access to the goods in these shops only after the Vanniyars had purchased. If anyone defiles these rules, they are beaten up and abused. There were several reports about Dalit women beaten up but no action was taken by the police despite lodged complaints.<ref name=":2" />

== Incident ==
The unrest was sparked with the eloping of 20 year-old Divya, a Vanniyar from Sellankottai village, with 19 year-old E. Ilavarasan, a Dalit from the neighbouring Natham colony. Both were college students, and had been in a relationship for a long time. Their relationship was known to Ilavarasan's parents for at least a year before their elopement. The couple fled from the area when their parents opposed the marriage, and got married in a [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] temple on 12 October 2012.<ref name=":0" /> After their flight, Ilavarasan's parents fled too, fearing an outburst of violence from the Vanniyars. Two weeks later, on 7 November, a caste panchayat of both communities was gathered, in which the couple were ordered to come home. When they refused, many Vanniyar community members taunted Divya's father, G. Nagaraj, for bringing "shame" to the community. Facing humiliation and distraught over the refusal of his daughter to return, he [[hanged himself]] on the same evening.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-05|title=Dravidianism is dead. Long live Ilavarasan!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/chennaitalkies/dravidianism-is-dead-long-live-ilavarasan/|access-date=2020-07-10|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref>

His body was discovered the next day. For his funeral, Vanniyars from 22 other villages had gathered. That afternoon, a 1500-strong Vanniayar mob marched towards the Natham colony, bearing Nagaraj's body, shouting caste slogans and cutting trees to block the [[Tirupattur]] highway. At the time, most of the Dalit men, who were daily-wagers in [[Coimbatore]] and [[Bangalore]], were away, and the women and children that were there fled into nearby fields. Around 4:30, the mob charged into Natham bearing petrol and weapons. They looted every house, and torched many of them. The mob then moved on to Anna Nagar, 1.5 km away, and repeated the process while shouting obscenities. 36 out of 50 houses in the colony were set on fire. In Kodampatti, the mob was able to torch 14 houses but broke apart when a police team arrived.<ref name="arrest" /> The head of the Sellankottai village claimed the villagers of Sellankottai had nothing to do with the violence.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Divya-Ilavarasan tragic love story: A year on|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/the-divya-ilavarasan-tragic-love-story-a-year-on/20140705.htm|access-date=2020-07-10|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref>

The attack was reportedly organized by Vanniyar leaders to teach the Dalits who were upwardly mobile a lesson.<ref name=":2" />

==Damages==
As many as 268 homes of Dalits (of the [[Adi Dravida]] community) near Naikkankottai in [[Dharmapuri district]] were torched by the higher-caste group.<ref name="Toi-Incident">{{cite news|title=Dalit houses torched, caste violence in Dharmapuri|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Dalit-houses-torched-caste-violence-in-Dharmapuri/articleshow/17144263.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122159/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-08/coimbatore/34993610_1_dalit-boy-dalit-houses-caste-violence|url-status=live|archive-date=29 June 2013|access-date=26 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 November 2012|title=Dharmapuri violence: Attack on Dalits pre-planned|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2012/nov/13/dharmapuri-violence-attack-on-dalits-pre-planned-424811.html|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> 50 bikes and 4 vans were also burned in the violence.<ref name=":2" />

The victims have alleged that ‘systematic destruction’ of their properties and livelihood resources has taken place. Around 1500 who were homeless after the incident were put up in a ground nearby and were provided food and clothing <ref>{{cite news|title=தர்மபுரி: வீடு எரிக்கப்பட்ட தாழ்த்தப்பட்ட மக்கள் வெட்ட வெளியில்|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/india/2012/11/121109_dharmapuri.shtml|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=BBC Tamil|date=9 November 2012}}</ref> and also sanctioned [[Indian rupee|Rs]] 50,000 as relief from Tamil Nadu Chief Minister's Relief Fund.<ref name="HC-first-response">{{cite news|last=Sangameswaran|first=K. T.|title=Dharmapuri incident serious: HC|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dharmapuri-incident-serious-hc/article4082173.ece|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 November 2012}}</ref> The affected people staged a fast demanding Chief Minister to visit the affected areas and to increase compensation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Dharmapuri-dalits-on-hunger-strike-wants-CM-to-visit-CBI-probe/articleshow/17408189.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629123946/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-29/coimbatore/35434504_1_hunger-strike-dalits-dharmapuri |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-06-29 |title=Dharmapuri dalits on hunger strike, wants CM to visit, CBI probe |date=2012-11-29 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The Vanniyar Sangam organized a meeting to form a broader anti-Dalit front after the violence, only 12 among the expected 500 turned up for the event which was then quietly called off.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=Caste Fire in Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2012/52/commentary/caste-fire-dharmapuri-tamil-nadu.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|volume=47|issue=52|pages=7–8}}</ref>

Ramadoss created the "All Communities Federation," a nine-member front representing intermediary castes. The PMK leaders said that Dalit youngsters dressed in jeans wearing T-shirts and sunglasses with their motorbikes and cell phones were wooing caste-Hindu girls into marriage. To expose these "farcical love marriages" the federation arranged public meetings in several areas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=SUBRAMANIAN|first=T. S.|title=Stoking caste flames|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/social-issues/stoking-caste-flames/article4705528.ece|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Frontline|date=15 May 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

==Reactions==
* Members of [[National Commission for Scheduled Castes]] after visiting the colonies blamed the attitude of the state police for failing to control the violence and stated that rise in status of Dalits are not tolerated by dominant caste Hindus which results in incidents of violence.<ref name="SC-Panel-comment">{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1356312.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130082622/http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1356312.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 November 2012 |title=SC panel blames police for Dharmapuri violence |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2012-11-27 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> They also alleged that the violence was a well-organized and planned attack on Dalits and not a spontaneous anguish over a single incident of suicide.<ref name="SC-Panel-Organized">{{cite web|author =R. Arivanantham |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/attack-on-dalits-was-planned-national-commission-for-scs/article4090674.ece |title=Attack on Dalits was planned: National Commission for SCs |work=The Hindu |date=2012-11-12 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>
* [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]], a Dalit-based political party demanded a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] probe into the incident as it did not have faith in local police inquiry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/vck-wants-cbi-probe-into-dharmapuri-violence_812808.html |title=VCK wants CBI probe into Dharmapuri violence |publisher=Zee News |date=2012-11-25 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> VCK president [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]] compared the incidents to 1990s Kodiyankulam violence where the main reason for the violence was upward mobility of Dalits in economic, educational, political fronts.<ref>{{cite web|author =D. Karthikeyan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dalits-being-targeted-because-of-their-upward-economic-mobility-say-leaders/article4125413.ece |title=Dalits being targeted because of their upward economic mobility, say leaders |work=The Hindu |date=2012-11-23 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>
* [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party constituted a fact finding committee came out with a report which stated
{{Quotation|The attack was a planned one. Inter-caste love marriage was not the sole reason behind it. Rather, the attack was the result of a chain of events. The PMK functionaries are found to have instigated and carried out the attacks. While the police is yet to arrest all the culprits behind the attack, they have booked a few innocents who are not connected with the incident}} It also blamed the state government for not taking enough steps to restore normalcy or implementing relief measures.<ref name="DMK-fact-report">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dmk-factfinding-committee-points-a-finger-at-pmk/article4124002.ece |title=DMK fact-finding committee points a finger at PMK |work=The Hindu |date=2012-11-23 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>

* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] MLAs [[K. Balakrishnan (CPI-M)|K. Balakrishnan]], [[P. Dillibabu]] and K. Bheema Rao visited the affected people to console and provide relief materials. They told the attack which seem to be well planned could not be prevented because of Intelligence failure and failure to keep a check on Kangaroo courts and demanded police to take action against those responsible under [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|SC-ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cpi-m-mlas-visit-dalit-colonies/article4085709.ece |title=CPI (M) MLAs visit Dalit colonies |work=The Hindu |date=2012-11-11 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu said that the government has failed to check increasing incidents of breakdown of law and order and the police are not given full power to deal with it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/people-will-take-to-streets-if-govt-fails-to-check_810243.html |title=People will take to streets if govt fails to check |publisher=Zee News |date=2012-11-09 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>
* PMK founder [[S. Ramadoss]] claimed there were many 'staged love marriages' happening in the state where Dalit men lure Vanniyar women claiming to be in love and later duping them, ask for a ransom after marriage through Kangaroo courts. This was seen as a budding parallel to [[Love Jihad]] promoted by Hindutva groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/dharmapuri-violence-why-tn-could-become-a-hotbed-for-love-jihad-543446.html|title=PMK's anti-Dalit rant in TN resembles Kerala's 'love jihad' theory - Firstpost|date=3 December 2012|publisher=|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref> He also stated the mob that indulged in violence was cutting across castes / party lines unlike mentioned in sections of media / parties as mainly consisting of Vanniyar/PMK men.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1343977.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120022628/http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1343977.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 November 2012 |title=Ramadoss joins issue with VCK on Dharmapuri violence |publisher=The New Indian Express |date= |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> He also formed an alliance of caste Hindu organizations against Dalit assertion.<ref>{{cite web|author =B. Kolappan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ramadoss-consolidates-intermediate-caste-groups-against-dalits/article4156999.ece |title=Ramadoss consolidates intermediate caste groups against Dalits |work=The Hindu |date=2012-12-02 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Gounder-groups-join-Paattali-Makkal-Katchis-platform-against-inter-caste-marriages/articleshow/17712898.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103082157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-22/coimbatore/35968581_1_kongu-vellala-goundergal-peravai-inter-caste-marriages-vanniyars |url-status=live |archive-date=2014-01-03 |title=Gounder groups join Paattali Makkal Katchi's platform against inter-caste marriages |date=2012-12-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> asking for amendment to prevent the "misuse" of [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act]] and a ban on intercaste marriages, which was opposed by VCK and Periyarist groups like [[Dravidar Kazhagam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-dharamapuri-violence-inter-caste-marriges-122036-2012-11-19 |title=In Tamil Nadu, after caste violence cupid enters political discourse |publisher=India Today |date=2012-11-20 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref>

==Probe and court proceedings==
The Tamil Nadu government transferred the probe from local police to [[Crime Branch CID]].<ref>{{cite web|author =PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dharmapuri-violence-probe-transferred-to-cbcid/article4102280.ece |title=Dharmapuri violence: probe transferred to CB-CID |work=The Hindu |date=2012-11-16 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> More than 90 persons were arrested and cases were filed against over 200 people.<ref name=arrest/> The [[Madras High Court]] has stated the incident as serious and instructed the state authorities to submit a status report and the counter affidavit on that date.<ref name="HC-first-response"/> A PIL was filed seeking the suspension of [[District collector]] and [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] for inaction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-22/chennai/35302225_1_dalit-families-inter-caste-marriage-caste-leaders |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629123531/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-22/chennai/35302225_1_dalit-families-inter-caste-marriage-caste-leaders |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-29 |title=Dharmapuri violence: PIL seeks suspension of collector and SP |date=2012-11-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> On 3 December 2012, The district collector told the court that adequate relief measures were provided to victims and steps have been taken to maintain law and order in the area. The Superintendent of Police said cases have been registered and 142 people have been arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/dharmapuri-violence-dalit-victims-provided-with-relief-543974.html|title=Dharmapuri violence: Dalit victims provided with relief - Firstpost|date=3 December 2012|publisher=|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref> High Court termed the relief insufficient and ordered the state to provide a relief of 7.32 [[crore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/hc-terms-tn-relief-for-dalits-in-dharmapuri-insufficient/1057600/ |title=HC terms TN relief for Dalits in Dharmapuri insufficient |publisher=Indian Express |date=2013-01-11 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> A fresh PIL was filed asking for effective monitoring of offenses under SC-ST act and transfer the probe to [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]]. The petition was posted along with the other petitions in the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/news/current-affairs/pil-seeks-effective-monitoring-of-offences-against-scssts-50169314-in-1.html |title=PIL seeks effective monitoring of offences against SCs/STs |publisher=In.com |date= |access-date=2013-05-16}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Tamil Nadu govt then declared solatium to individuals were ready to the tune of 7.32 crore as per court order.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/dharmapuri-violence-tn-govt-tells-hc-solatium-is-ready-113013100630_1.html |title=Dharmapuri violence: TN govt tells HC solatium is ready |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business Standard |date=2013-01-31 |access-date=2013-05-16|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> On 9 February 2013, 91 people including some of whom who were falsely arrested for passing by near the violence area were let off and asked to appear before the CBCID.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1456013.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213072310/http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1456013.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 February 2013 |title=91 held for Dharmapuri violence walk free |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2013-02-09 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> On 29 March, the high court gave bail to 28 accused in the case.<ref>{{cite web|author = |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130329/news-current-affairs/article/hc-grants-bail-28-accused-dharmapuri-caste-violence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331021523/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130329/news-current-affairs/article/hc-grants-bail-28-accused-dharmapuri-caste-violence |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 March 2013 |title=HC grants bail to 28 accused in Dharmapuri caste violence |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=2012-11-07 |access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> No one was convicted.<ref name=":0" />

== Ilavarasan's death ==
On 15 March 2013, Divya's mother filed a petition in the Madras Court claiming Ilavarasan had kidnapped her daughter. In June, Divya visited her mother and eventually decided to separate from Ilavarasan, which, according to her, was because of the lingering weight of her father's suicide. On 3 July, Divya declared she had "no more feelings" for Ilavarasan. The next day, his body was found on the Coimbatore railway track. Three days after his death, the Superintendent of Police ruled the death to be a suicide. Four days after the incident, the Jaylalitha-led AIADMK government set up a one-man commission led by Justice S. R. Singaravelu to determine the cause of Ilavarasan's death. On 28 June 2014, the police arrested four Dalits from Natham in the case, claiming to have found Naxalite pamphlets in their houses. Villagers claimed they had been forced to dig a grave at the spot where his body was found.<ref name=":1" />
In November 2016, a CID report claimed he committed suicide while drunk, a claim strongly rejected by Ilavarasan's family.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 21, 2018|first=Shanmughasundaram|last=J.|title=Ilavarasan death: Inquiry panel submits report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ilavarasan-death-inquiry-panel-submits-report/articleshow/65480405.cms|access-date=2020-07-10|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Tamil Nadu, anatomy of a caste crime: Families devastated by Arrogance killings speak of the scourge|url=https://www.firstpost.com/long-reads/in-tamil-nadu-anatomy-of-a-caste-crime-families-devastated-by-Arrogance-killings-speak-of-the-scourge-7033391.html|access-date=2020-07-10|website=Firstpost|date=August 2019 }}</ref> The Singaravelu commission delivered its report in 2019 claiming his death was caused by him jumping onto the railway tracks in depression, and being hit by a passing train.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-06-09|title=Dalit youth Elavarasan committed suicide: panel|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dalit-youth-elavarasan-committed-suicide-panel/article27700569.ece|access-date=2020-07-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, the commission's findings were against contested by Ilavarasan's family and social activists, who continued to suspect Ilavarasan's death was an "Arrogance" killing. In particular, one forensic pathologist who examined his body thought the injuries present were too few to have been causing by hitting a train.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Samuel|first=Sindhiya|date=2019-06-12|title=Chennai: Forensic expert differs with judicial panel's finds|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120619/chennai-forensic-expert-differs-with-judicial-panels-finds.html|access-date=2020-07-10|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dalit]]
* [[2004 Kalapatti violence]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharmapuri violence, 2012}}
[[Category:2010s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Looting in India]]
[[Category:Dharmapuri district]]
[[Category:Residential building arson attacks in India]]
[[Category:Arson in 2012]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:November 2012 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:November 2012 in India]]
[[Category:2012 crimes in India]]
[[Category:Violence against Dalits in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2012 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:2012 riots]]

West Bengal Junior Doctors' Front

2026-02-05T18:16:57Z

Bihar: put up first post initial version

{{Short description|Indian professional association}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = West Bengal Junior Doctors' Front
| native_name = ওয়েস্ট বেঙ্গল জুনিয়র ডক্টরস ফ্রন্ট
| logo = West Bengal Junior Doctors' Front logo.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| image =
| caption = On 2 September 2024, [[Lalbazar]] in [[Kolkata]] blocked by junior doctors for Justice for RG Kar rape victim
| formation = {{start date and age|2024}}
| founder =
| founding_location = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| type = Professional organization
| purpose = Advocacy, healthcare reform, protection of doctors' rights
| headquarters = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| region_served = West Bengal, India
| leader_title = President
| leader_name =
| main_organ =
| website = https://www.wbjdf.com/
| affiliations =
}}
The '''West Bengal Junior Doctors' Front''' (WBJDF) is a representative body of junior doctors working in government medical institutions across West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news
| date = 10 September 2024
| title = West Bengal Junior Doctors' Front to Rally at Swasthya Bhawan Today
| url = https://www.newsonair.gov.in/west-bengal-junior-doctors-front-to-rally-at-swasthya-bhawan-today/
| url-status = live
| work = [[All India Radio]]
| location =
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240918072117/https://www.newsonair.gov.in/west-bengal-junior-doctors-front-to-rally-at-swasthya-bhawan-today/
| archive-date = 18 September 2024
| access-date = 18 September 2024
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last1 = Bhattacharya
| first1 = Ravik
| last2 = Kumari
| first2 = Sweety
| last3 = Mitra
| first3 = Atri
| date = 27 August 2024
| title = WhatsApp groups to raising funds: How a group of doctors are fighting for justice, minus politics
| url = https://indianexpress.com/article/long-reads/kolkata-rg-kar-rape-murder-case-how-doctors-are-fighting-for-justice-9534824/
| url-status = live
| work = [[The Indian Express]]
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240918074844/https://indianexpress.com/article/long-reads/kolkata-rg-kar-rape-murder-case-how-doctors-are-fighting-for-justice-9534824/
| archive-date = 18 September 2024
| access-date = 18 September 2024
}}</ref> It gained prominence through its involvement in advocating for better working conditions, medical infrastructure, and the safety of healthcare workers.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Levi
| first = Prateek
| date = 28 August 2024
| title = Kolkata Rape-Murder: Junior Doctors' Front Demands Justice With Protest March
| url = https://www.newsx.com/national/kolkata-rape-murder-junior-doctors-front-demands-justice-with-protest-march/
| url-status = live
| work = NewsX
| location =
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240918070931/https://www.newsx.com/national/kolkata-rape-murder-junior-doctors-front-demands-justice-with-protest-march/
| archive-date = 18 September 2024
| access-date = 18 September 2024
}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The WBJDF was formed to address the concerns of junior doctors, including inadequate infrastructure, patient care issues, and security in state-run hospitals. It formed during the protest for justice over [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder incident]].<ref>{{cite news
| last = Banerjie
| first = Monideepa
| date = 27 August 2024
| title = 'I need to feel safe': After rape and murder, Indian doctors demand change
| url = https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/8/27/i-need-to-feel-safe-after-kolkata-rape-and-murder-doctors-demand-change
| url-status = live
| work = [[Al Jazeera]]
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240918073002/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/8/27/i-need-to-feel-safe-after-kolkata-rape-and-murder-doctors-demand-change
| archive-date = 18 September 2024
| access-date = 18 September 2024
}}</ref> It is trying to ensure accountability from the government and health authorities, along with providing a platform for junior doctors to voice their grievances.<ref>{{cite web
| last = MUKHERJEE
| first = SUPROTIM
| date = 14 September 2024
| title = Doctors seek PM's intervention to resolve impasse
| url = https://epaper.thedailyguardian.com/media/2024-09/delhi9.pdf
| url-status =
| work = The Daily Guardian
| page = 1
| location =
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240918074104/https://epaper.thedailyguardian.com/media/2024-09/delhi9.pdf
| archive-date = 18 September 2024
| access-date = 18 September 2024
}}</ref>
== Abhaya Clinic ==
The Abhaya Clinic initiative was launched by WBJDF, which includes both telemedicine services and temporary medical camps, was created to continue serving patients during the doctors' ongoing strike, which seeks justice for their colleague.<ref>{{cite news
| last1 = Kumar
| first1 = Vivek
| last2 = Saha
| first2 = Rajesh
| date = 1 September 2024
| title = Junior doctors launch 'Abhaya Clinic' camps amid protest against Kolkata rape
| url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhaya-clinic-junior-doctors-protest-kolkata-woman-trainee-doctor-rape-murder-protest-bengal-2591818-2024-09-01
| work = [[India Today]]
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| access-date = 19 September 2024
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = Pal
| first = Satyen
| date = 17 September 2024
| title = Abhaya Clinic: ফ্যানের হাওয়া নেই, তাঁবুতে বসেই চিকিৎসা করছেন সিনিয়র, লড়াইয়ের পাঠশালায় রোগী দেখেন জুনিয়ররাও
| url = https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/senior-and-junior-both-are-serving-the-patient-in-abhaya-clinic-31726574336127.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240919143632/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/senior-and-junior-both-are-serving-the-patient-in-abhaya-clinic-31726574336127.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = September 19, 2024
| work = [[Hindustan Times]]
| access-date = 19 September 2024
| lang = bn
}}</ref>

Through these clinics, doctors provide free medical consultations and medications to underserved communities across Kolkata and other parts of West Bengal.<ref name ="places">{{cite news
| last = Som
| first = Moyurie
| date = 31 August 2024
| title = Protesting doctors in Kolkata start telemedicine service, health camps
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/protesting-doctors-in-kolkata-start-telemedicine-service-health-camps/article68589899.ece
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| access-date = 19 September 2024
}}</ref> Notably, the clinic also want to extended its services to treat flood victims, offering essential medical aid to those affected by the disaster. Since its inception, thousands of patients have benefited from these efforts, ensuring uninterrupted healthcare during both the strike and the emergency.<ref>{{cite news
| author = ETV Bharat Bangla Team
| date = 19 September 2024
| title = বন্যা কবলিতদের বিনামূল্যে ওষুধ-চিকিৎসা, সক্রিয় জুনিয়র ডাক্তারদের 'অভয়া ক্লিনিক' - Abhaya Clinic Junior Doctors
| url = https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!state/abhaya-clinic-of-junior-doctors-will-also-serve-the-flood-affected-areas-west-bengal-news-wbs24091905373
| website = Etv Bharat
| access-date = 19 September 2024
| lang = bn
}}</ref> These camps have been held in multiple locations, including Kumartuli, Esplanade, and near prominent medical colleges, and are staffed by doctors from various disciplines, offering their services every Sunday.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Roy
| first = Abhijit
| date = 5 September 2024
| title = Doctors of Malda Medical College & Hosp set up free 'Abhaya Clinic' Doctors of Malda Medical College & Hosp set up free 'Abhaya Clinic'
|url = https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/doctors-of-malda-medical-college-hosp-set-up-free-abhaya-clinic-578411
| work = Millennium Post
| access-date = 19 September 2024
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = চক্রবর্তী
| first = দেবদীপ
| date = 1 September 2024
| title = ডাক্তারদের 'অভয়া ক্লিনিক'-এ দু'দিনেই ব্যাপক সাড়া, কোথায় কোথায় হচ্ছে ক্যাম্প?
| url = https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/abhaya-clinic-rg-kar-with-other-hospitals-become-popular-in-two-days/articleshow/112967991.cms
| work = [[Ei Samay]]
| access-date = 19 September 2024
| lang = bn
}}</ref><ref name = "places"/>

The name "Abhaya," meaning "fearlessness," symbolizes the doctors' determination to fight for justice while ensuring that patients are not left without care.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61564577258092 WBJDF On Facebook]

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite news |last=Kumari |first=Sweety |date=18 September 2024 |title=Junior doctors seek to meet West Bengal govt again; cite demands for health secy's resignation, hospital security, forming joint task force |url=https://thewire.in/politics/west-bengal-doctors-students-and-citizens-unite-as-r-g-kar-protests-reveal-a-political-vacuum |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}
* {{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishandas |date=18 September 2024 |title=Ready to work, but haunted by fear: West Bengal doctors tell Supreme Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ready-to-return-to-work-but-haunted-by-a-fear-psychosis-west-bengal-doctors-tell-sc/article68652158.ece |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}

[[Category:Medical associations based in India]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in India]]

Badluram Ka Badan

2026-02-03T08:51:10Z

Bihar:

{{italic title}}
{{short description|Indian military regimental song}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
"'''Badluram Ka Badan'''" ("Badluram's Body") is the '''[[Marching song|regimental song]] of the [[Assam Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]].''' Major M. F. Proktor created the song in honour of Rifleman Badluram, a soldier of the [[Assam Regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]] who died while fighting against the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] in World War II. After Badluram's death, the [[quartermaster]] Sub Kandarpa Rajbongshi IDSM (Indian Distinguished Service Medal) did not remove his name from the rations roster and the company continued to draw rations in Badluram's name. This extra ration helped the company survive through a siege when Japanese troops surrounded them during the [[Battle of Kohima]] and supplies were cut. Accordingly, the song was composed in Badluram's honour with the lyrics "We get rations because Badluram's body is buried beneath".

==Background==
[[File:Assam Regiment Insignia (India).svg|200px|thumb|Assam Regiment Insignia]]
Badluram was a [[rifleman]] in the 1st Battalion, [[Assam Regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.catharsismagazine.com/2017/05/26/badlu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128183237/https://catharsismagazine.com/2017/05/26/badlu/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 November 2017|title=Badlu Ram and The Assam Regiment: The Legend that Lives On|last=Sarkar|first=Abhinaba|date=2017-05-26|website=CATHARSIS Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> In 1944 the 1st Assam Regiment was posted in and around [[Kohima]] and were part of the first line of defence between the [[Fifteenth Army (Japan)|Fifteenth Army]], a formation of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] led by [[Renya Mutaguchi|Lt. Gen. Renya Mutaguchi]], and the rest of [[British India]]. In what would go on to be labelled "Britain's Greatest Battle" by a popular vote conducted by the British [[National Army Museum]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/battle-imphal|title=Battles of Imphal and Kohima|website=National Army Museum, United Kingdom|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=MacSwan|first=Angus|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-battles-idUKBRE93K03220130421|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624131433/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-battles-idUKBRE93K03220130421|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2017|title=Victory over Japanese at Kohima named Britain's greatest battle|date=2013-04-21|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-04-23|language=en}}</ref> the [[Battle of Kohima]] and the [[Battle of Imphal]] was also called the "British-Indian [[Battle of Thermopylae|Thermopylae]]" by Earl [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]], the [[Supreme Allied Commander]] in the theatre,<ref name=":1">Ministry of Defence (April 2004). [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/30002/ww2_kohima.pdf ''The Battle of Kohima, North East India 4 April – 22 June 1944'']. British MOD, World War Commemorative Booklets. Retrieved 23 April 2020. pg - 3, 6</ref> and is also referred to as "[[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] of the East"''.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usiofindia.org/publication/usi-journal/75th-anniversary-of-the-battle-of-kohima/|title=75th Anniversary of the Battle of Kohima|last=Goswami|first=Major General PK|date=2019|website=[[United Service Institution]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Copping|first=Jasper|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/10008053/Second-World-War-clashes-named-as-Greatest-British-Battle.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131026135422/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/10008053/Second-World-War-clashes-named-as-Greatest-British-Battle.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-10-26|title=Second World War clashes named as 'Greatest British Battle'|journal=Daily Telegraph|date=2013-04-20|access-date=2020-04-23|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

Badluram was killed in the early days of the battle from a gunshot wound. After Badluram's death, the [[quartermaster]] did not remove his name from the rations roster and the company continued to draw rations in Badluram's name. (Some say the Quartermaster purposely did not report Badluram's death while others say he forgot to. Poor wireless connectivity routinely hampered our ability to request additional supplies.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/badluram-ka-badan-origins-of-indian-armys-favourite-marching-song-and-why-it-retains-its-iconic-status-7347391.html|title='Badluram ka badan': Origins of Indian Army's favourite marching song, and why it retains its iconic status|date=16 September 2019|website=Firstpost|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> But by 6 April, the Japanese troops of the Fifteenth Army had Kohima under [[siege]], and supply lines were cut.<ref name=":0" /> A [[Royal Berkshire Regiment|1st Royal Berkshires]] company commander at the time penned down in this diary "Water was short and restricted to about one pint per man per day [...] Air supply was the key, but the steep terrain and narrow ridges meant that some of the drops went to the Japs".<ref name=":1" /> The Japanese also brought anti-aircraft guns with them, breaking the supply chain even more.<ref name=":0" />

For Badluram's company, because of the extra supplies that had been arriving in the days leading up to the siege, things were easier. This extra ration helped the company survive through the siege.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/tagra-raho-the-legend-of-badlu-ram/|title=Tagra Raho - The Legend of Badlu Ram|date=2019-01-18|website=The Darjeeling Chronicle|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> The song was composed in his honour with the lyrics ''"Badluram ka badan zameen ka neeche hai/ toh humey uska ration milta hai"'' (''"Since Badluram's body is buried, we receive his rations"'').<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/badluram-ka-badan-the-fascinating-assam-regiment-song-and-the-story-behind-it/articleshow/70655275.cms|title=Badluram ka Badan: The fascinating Assam Regiment song and the story behind it|date=13 August 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news-videos/2017/08/13/badluram-ka-badan-assam-regiment-song|title=Celebrate Army Day With Assam Regt Dancing to 'Badluram Ka Badan'|date=2017-08-13|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> Created in 1946 by Major M. T. Proktor, the song was inspired by and set to the tune of "[[John Brown's Body]]" – "[[Battle Hymn of the Republic]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=may1716/oth057|title=Why does AR still praise Badlu Ram?|last=Das|first=Raju|date=16 May 2016|website=The Assam Tribune Online|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhardwaj|first=Atul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_h1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT35|title=India-America Relations (1942-62): Rooted in the Liberal International Order|date=2018-11-02|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-18681-0|language=en}}</ref> It has become the regimental song of the Assam Regiment,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=153775|title=MoS (Home) Shri Kiren Rijiju attends the Platinum Jubilee Ceremony of the Assam Regiment|last=Ministry of Home Affairs|date=17 November 2016|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> and is sung by Assam Regiment recruits at their [[Passing out (military)|attestation parade]] in [[Shillong]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/features/badluram-ka-badan-how-military-music-keeps-recruits-bang-on-the-beat/265660/|title=Badluram ka badan: How military music keeps recruits bang on the beat|last=Hazarika|first=Myithili|date=2019-07-21|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Alexander|first=Deepa|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/A-documentary-on-Havildar-Hangpan-Dada-AC/article17175450.ece|title=The soldier's song|date=2017-02-03|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In September 2019, a video emerged of American and Indian soldiers singing the song together during a joint exercise at [[Joint Base Lewis–McChord|Joint Base Lewis-McChord]].<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/american-indian-soldiers-sing-badluram-ka-badan-1599362-2019-09-15|title=When US soldiers sang and danced to Badluram ka badan with Indian armymen|date=15 September 2019|website=India Today|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref>

==Lyrics==
{{External media|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJ8AiUcZXzI, Video of Badluram ka Badan by Assam Regiment (official YouTube channel of ADGPI Indian Army)]|title=Song video|width=210px}}
{|
!Romanised Hindustani
!Translation (Approximate)
|-
|<poem>
Ek khubsurat ladki thi…
Usko dekh ke rifleman…
Chindi khichna bhul gaya…
Havaldar Major dekh liya…
Usko pittu lagaya…
Badluram ek sipahi thaa…
Japan war me mar gaya…
Quartermaster smart thaa…
Usney ration nikala…
Badluram ka badan zamin ke nichey hain…
Toh humein uska ration milta hain…
Sabashh… hallelujah…
Toh humein uska ration milta hain…
</poem>
|<poem>
There was a beautiful girl,
Seeing whom the Rifleman
Forgot to pull flannel from gun barrel.
The Havildar Major saw him,
Sends him on a rucksack punishment.
Badluram was a soldier,
Who died in the "Japan" War (WWII).
But our Quartermaster was "smart",
He got us rations.
Since Badluram's body is buried underground,
we receive his rations.
Bravo!… hallelujah…
So we receive his rations.
</poem>
|}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book| author = Director of Public Relations | work = Ministry of Defence | year = 1991 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7B_f2KSJA0MC&q=BadluRam+Ka+Badan | title = Sainik Samachar | volume =38 | publisher = Government of India}}
* {{cite book| author = Gautam Sharma | year = 2000 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ziDfAAAAMAAJ&q=BadluRam+Ka+Badan | work = Indian Army | title = Reference Manual | publisher = Reliance Publishing House| isbn = 9788175101142 }}

== See also ==
* [[Bedu Pako Baro Masa]]
* [[Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja]]
* [[Sare Jahan se Accha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Army]]
[[Category:Indian military marches]]
[[Category:1944 in British India]]

Ashiesh Shah

2026-01-29T01:02:55Z

Bihar: Starting

{{Short description|Indian architect and designer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashiesh Shah
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| alma_mater = [[Parsons School of Design]]
|
| occupation = Architect and designer
| spouse =
}}
'''Ashiesh Shah''' is an Indian architect and designer. He was named one of the top 50 interior designers in India by [[Architectural Digest]] for 2014, 2015 and 2016.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Off to a good start: A growing number of young Indians are buying art |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/off-to-a-good-start-a-growing-number-of-young-indians-are-buying-art/538051/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Financialexpress |date=5 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Surya Praphulla |date=2017-09-15 |title=Inside pass |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/homes-and-gardens/inside-pass/article19691472.ece |access-date=2023-01-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-21 |title=Designer Ashiesh Shah has been doubly productive in quarantine |url=https://www.gqindia.com/look-good/content/designer-ashiesh-shah-has-been-doubly-productive-in-quarantine |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Early life ==
Shah hails from [[Mumbai]]. He graduated in Interior Architecture at [[Parsons School of Design]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-17 |title=How a sharp pencil inspires Neuma architect Ashiesh Shah |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//relationships/it-s-complicated/how-a-sharp-pencil-inspires-neuma-architect-ashiesh-shah-111657983905824.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Shah started collecting art at age fourteen.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=For Designer Ashiesh Shah, It's Aesthetics Over Labels |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/work/for-designer-ashiesh-shah-its-aesthetics-over-labels/44397/1 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> He started his career as an Interior architect in New York in the 2000s and then returned to Mumbai. In 2017, he opened design firm Atelier Ashiesh Shah in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duggal |first=Soumya |date=2022-08-04 |title=Inside the Imaginative World Of Design Maestro Ashiesh Shah |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/entrepreneurs/inside-the-imaginative-world-of-design-maestro-ashiesh-shah/432706 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Designs on the World - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/designs-on-the-world/1129852/ |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

==Recognition ==

* Top 50 interior designers in India ([[Architectural Digest]]) (2014, 2015 and 2016).<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Ashiesh}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsons School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kumudini Lakhia

2026-01-12T04:22:16Z

Bihar: further refine references per sources also and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian dancer and choreographer (1930–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kumudini Lakhia
| image = [[File:Kumudini Lakhia (cropped).jpg|200px]]
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|5|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[British Raj|India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|4|12|1930|5|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| known_for = [[Kathak dance]] and [[choreography]]
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| occupation = Founder-Director, Kadamb School of Dance and Music
}}

'''Kumudini Lakhia''' (17 May 1930 – 12 April 2025) was an Indian [[Kathak]] dancer and choreographer based in [[Ahmedabad, Gujarat]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swaminathan |first1=Chitra |title=Kumudini Lakhia: The lovable diva of choreography |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/kumudini-lakhia-the-lovable-diva-of-choreography/article31639485.ece |work=The Hindu |date=21 May 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref> where she founded Kadamb School of Dance and Music, an institute of Indian dance and music in 1967.<ref>{{cite news|title=A dancers opinion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-events/Dancing-your-way-to-health/articleshow/14861355.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|access-date=6 October 2018|date=17 July 2002|author=Pathak, Rujul}}</ref>

A pioneer in contemporary Kathak dance, she was credited with moving away from the solo form of [[Kathak]] starting in the 1960s, by turning it into a group spectacle, and also innovations like taking away traditional stories and adding contemporary storylines into Kathak repertoire.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Many Feet Make Loud Work|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/24/arts/dance/24howa.html?ref=dance|author=Rachel Howard|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 September 2006|access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dance of the masters|url=https://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/11/21/stories/2004112100460500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050531215119/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/11/21/stories/2004112100460500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 May 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 November 2004|location=Chennai, India|access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=vo/>

==Early life and education==
Lakhia started her Kathak training with Sohanlal from the Bikaner Gharana at age seven. This was followed by Ashiq Hussain of Benaras Gharana and Sunder Prasad of the Jaipur school. Encouraged by her mother, Leela, herself a classical singer, she was sent to further her training under the tutelage of Radheylal Misra, himself a disciple of Jai Lal. As a result, she completed her schooling in Lahore and college in Allahabad.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/profile/story/20160118-kumudini-lakhia-dancer-kathak-institute-828278-2016-01-06 Profile: A whole new whirl] Suhani Singh, India Today, January 6, 2016. </ref>

==Career==
Lakhia started her career dancing with [[Ram Gopal (dancer)|Ram Gopal]] as he toured the West, bringing Indian dance to the eyes of people abroad for the first time, and then became a dancer and choreographer in her own right. She learned first from various gurus of Jaipur ''[[gharana]]'', and then from [[Shambhu Maharaj]].

She was particularly known for her multi-person choreographies. Some of her most famous choreographies include ''Dhabkar'' (Pulse), ''Yugal'' (The Duet), and ''Atah Kim'' (Where Now?), which she performed at the annual Kathak Mahotsav in Delhi in 1980. She was also a choreographer in the [[Hindi film]], ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' (1981), along with [[Gopi Krishna (dancer)|Gopi Krishna]].<ref>{{IMDb name|1252082}}</ref><ref name=bo>{{cite web|title=Bollywood's new dancing queen|access-date=6 October 2018|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/02merchant.htm|date=2 August 2006|publisher=[[Rediff]] Movies}}</ref>

Lakhia was a guru to many disciples, including [[Kathak]] dancers [[Aditi Mangaldas]], Vaishali Trivedi, Sandhya Desai, Daksha Sheth, Maulik Shah, Ishira Parikh, Prashant Shah, Urja Thakore and Parul Shah amongst others.

==Personal life and death==
Kumudini Lakhia married Rajnikant Lakhia, who was studying law at the Lincolns Inn and was a violinist with the Ram Gopal company before moving to Ahmedabad in 1960. She had a son, Shriraj, and a daughter, Maitreyi.

Lakhia died in Ahmedabad on 12 April 2025, at the age of 94.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/renowned-kathak-dancer-kumudini-lakhia-passes-away-9940283/ Renowned Kathak dancer Kumudini Lakhia passes away]</ref>

==Choreographies==
*"Variation in Thumri" (1969)
*"Venu Nad" (1970)
*"Bhajan" (1985)
*"Hori" (1970)
*"Kolaahal" (1971)
*"Duvidha" (1971)
*"Dhabkar" (1973)
*"Yugal" (1976)
*"Umrao Jaan" (1981)
*"Atah Kim" (1982)
*"Okha Haran" (1990)
*"Hun-Nari" (1993)
*"Golden Chains" (for Neena Gupt, London)
*"Sam Samvedan" (1993)
*"Samanvay" (2003)
*"Bhav Krida" (1999)
*"Feathered Cloth – Hagoromo" (2006)
*"Mushti" (2005)<ref name=vo>{{cite news|title=New vocabulary for Kathak|author=Leela Venkatraman|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/New-vocabulary-for-Kathak/article15401691.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 May 2008|location=Chennai, India|access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
*[[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1987
*[[Padma Bhushan]] in 2010
*[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] in 1982
*[[Kalidas Samman]] for the year 2002-03
*[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Tagore Ratna]] by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] in 2011
*Guru Gopinath Desiya Natya Puraskaram (2021) by [[Government of Kerala]]<ref name="The Hindu 2022">{{cite news |title=Guru Gopinath award for Kumidini Lakhia|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 June 2022|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/guru-gopinath-award-for-kumidini-lakhia/article65511689.ece|access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] for year 2025 for her contribution in the field of Art<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/notifications/PadmaAwards/2025.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126163202/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/notifications/PadmaAwards/2025.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.padmaawards.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''Movement in Stills: The Dance And Life of Kumudini Lakhia'' ({{ISBN|81-88204-42-0}}) by Reena Shah
* [http://www.narthaki.com/info/articles/article52.html Choreography in the Indian Context by Kumudini Lakhia, (Keynote address Feb 2002)]

==External links==
* [http://www.kadamb.net Kadamb website]
* {{IMDb name| 1252082}}
* [http://www.narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrv115i.html Kumudini Lakhia Interview] at nartaki.com
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakhia, Kumudini}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Artists from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Educators from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]

Joshna Chinappa

2025-12-14T12:56:25Z

Bihar:

{{short description|Indian squash player (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}

{{Infobox squash player
| name = Joshna Chinappa
| image = Joshna Chinappa 2024.jpg
| caption = Joshna at the [[Monte Carlo Squash Classic|2024 Monte Carlo Classic]]
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|9|15}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| height = 1.73 m
| event = Women's singles
| turnedpro = 2003
| racquet = [[Tecnifibre]]
| highest_ranking = 10
| date_of_highest_ranking = July 2016
| current_ranking = 79
| date_of_current_ranking = December 2025
| titles = 10
| finals = 18
| psa_id = joshna-chinappa
| medals =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[squash (sport)|squash]]}} [[File:Squash pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCount | total = yes
| [[World Squash Doubles Championships|World Championships]] |2|0|3
| [[Squash World Cup|World Cup]] |1|0|1
| [[Commonwealth Games]] |1|1|0
| [[Asian Games]] |0|2|3
| [[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Championships]] |4|0|2
| [[South Asian Games]] |6|0|0
| [[World Junior Squash Championships|World Junior Championships]] |0|1|0
|}}
{{MedalComp|[[World Squash Doubles Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|2022 Glasgow|Doubles}}
{{MedalGold|2024 Glasgow|Doubles}}
{{MedalBronze|2016 Darwin|Doubles}}
{{MedalBronze|2016 Darwin|Mixed doubles}}
{{MedalBronze|2017 Manchester|Doubles}}
{{MedalComp|[[Squash World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Squash World Cup|2025 Chennai]]|[[Squash World Cup#Editions and results|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Squash World Cup|2023 Chennai]]|[[Squash World Cup#Editions and results|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2014 Commonwealth Games|2014 Glasgow]]|[[Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]]|[[Squash at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Squash at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Squash at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Squash at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's singles|Singles]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships|2017 Chennai]]|[[2017 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships#Finals|Singles]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships|2019 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[2019 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships|Singles]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2024 Johor]]|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|Mixed doubles]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2025 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships#Women's doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 Women's Asian Team Squash Championships|2021 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[2021 Women's Asian Team Squash Championships|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2025 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships#Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2004 South Asian Games|2004 Islamabad]]|[[2004 South Asian Games|Singles]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2004 South Asian Games|2004 Islamabad]]|[[2004 South Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2006 South Asian Games|2006 Colombo]]|[[2004 South Asian Games|Singles]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2006 South Asian Games|2006 Colombo]]|[[2004 South Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Squash at the 2016 South Asian Games#Medalists|Singles]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Squash at the 2016 South Asian Games#Medalists|Team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[World Junior Squash Championships|World Junior Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2005 Herentals|Singles}}
}}

'''Joshna Chinappa''' (born 15 September 1986) is an Indian [[Squash (sport)|squash]] player.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/players/view/7884/joshna-chinappa|title=Joshna Chinappa - Professional Squash Association|website=psaworldtour.com|language=en|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430120220/https://psaworldtour.com/players/view/7884/joshna-chinappa|archive-date=30 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She became the youngest Indian national champion at the age of 14. She is a two-time [[World Squash Doubles Championships|World Champion]] and four-time [[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Champion]]. In recognition of her contributions to Indian squash, Joshna received the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2013 and the [[Padma Shri]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-26 |title=Rohan Bopanna and Joshna Chinappa among sportspersons shortlisted for Padma Shri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/rohan-bopanna-and-joshna-chinappa-shortlisted-for-padma-shri/articleshow/107159979.cms |access-date=2025-12-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
== Early life ==
Joshna Chinnappa was born in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], on 15 September 1986.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=1 February 2018|title=Joshna Chinappa : Biography, Profile, Records, Awards and Achievement|language=en-US|work=Who-is-who|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/sports/joshna-chinappa.html|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430185613/https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/sports/joshna-chinappa.html|archive-date=30 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Her father Anjan Chinappa runs a coffee plantation at [[Kodagu district|Coorg]].<ref name=":1" /> Her [[Uncle|great granduncle]], [[K. M. Cariappa|K.M. Cariappa]], who was the first [[Commander-in-Chief, India|commander-in-chief]] of the [[Indian Army]] in independent India, grandfather, and father were all squash players.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Meet Dipika Pallikal and Joshna Chinappa, India's new racquet girls|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/meet-dipika-pallikal-and-joshna-chinappa-india-s-new-racquet-girls/story-eyzGLe3RfGtiWHWsOTxn4M.html|date=22 October 2014|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401154103/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/meet-dipika-pallikal-and-joshna-chinappa-india-s-new-racquet-girls/story-eyzGLe3RfGtiWHWsOTxn4M.html|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Feisty Achievers: Joshna Chinappa|url=http://www.vervemagazine.in/people/feisty-achievers-joshna-chinappa-squash-player|date=8 June 2017|website=Verve Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233938/http://www.vervemagazine.in/people/feisty-achievers-joshna-chinappa-squash-player|archive-date=17 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Joshna started playing squash at the age of seven. When she was eight, she considered whether to pursue [[badminton]] or [[tennis]]. Eventually, she chose squash which she started playing at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Madras Cricket Club]].<ref name=":2" /> Her father, who represented the Tamil Nadu squash team, was also her first coach.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

Joshna was the first beneficiary of the [[Mittal Champions Trust]] established by [[Mahesh Bhupathi|Mahesh Bhupati]] with funding from [[Lakshmi Mittal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Articles of Joshna Chinappa|url=http://www.ispsquash.com/Joshna_MittalChampionTrust.htm|website=ispsquash.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927141035/http://www.ispsquash.com/Joshna_MittalChampionTrust.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipika Pallikal and Joshna Chinappa: 5 things to know about the Squash pin-up girls in Commonwealth Games|url=https://www.india.com/viral/dipika-pallikal-and-joshna-chinappa-5-things-to-know-about-the-squash-pin-up-girls-in-commonwealth-games-108829/|last=Mishra|first=Rashmi|date=2 August 2014|website=India.com|language=en|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713130238/https://www.india.com/viral/dipika-pallikal-and-joshna-chinappa-5-things-to-know-about-the-squash-pin-up-girls-in-commonwealth-games-108829/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:The Asian Junior Squash Champion (U-19) and the winner of British Junior Squash Open, Ms. Joshna Chinappa receiving a cheque from the Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Sunil Dutt in New Delhi on April 15, 2005 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Joshna receiving a prize from [[Sunil Dutt]], Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports, after winning the 2005 [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]]]

=== 2000–2008 ===
In 2000, Joshna won her first junior and senior national championship titles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa Wins National Champion Title For A Record 17th Time|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/joshna-chinappa-national-champion-title-record|last=Das|first=Ria|date=17 June 2019|website=SheThePeople TV|language=en-US|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019153011/https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/joshna-chinappa-national-champion-title-record/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Joshna anxious to get into top 10 world ranking|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-joshna-anxious-to-get-into-top-10-world-ranking-1110425|date=17 July 2007|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> She became the youngest player to hold both titles at the age of 14.<ref name=":5" /> In 2003, Joshna made history by winning the [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]] title in the U17 category when she was 16.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=British Junior Open Squash - History|url=http://www.squashsite.co.uk/bjo/history.htm|website=www.squashsite.co.uk|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207155607/http://www.squashsite.co.uk/bjo/history.htm|archive-date=7 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The next year, she reached the final of the U19 category of the same competition, losing to [[Egypt]]'s [[Omneya Abdel Kawy]].<ref name=":6" /> In 2005, she came back to the same tournament again and clinched the title after beating [[Tenille Swartz]] of South Africa.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":6" /> In July 2005, Joshna competed in the [[World Junior Squash Championships]] in [[Belgium]], reaching the finals.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Joshna in World Junior Squash final|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/joshna-in-world-junior-squash-final/312733|website=outlookindia.com|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> She was defeated by [[Raneem El Weleily]] of Egypt. She had also played this tournament in 2003, when she reached the last eight.<ref name=":3" />

In 2007, Joshna said that she had decided to change coaches from Mohammad Medhaat to Malcolm Willstrop.<ref name=":5" /> Joshna won her first [[Women's International Squash Players Association|WISPA]] tour title in 2008 when she won the NSC Super Satellite No 3 in [[Malaysia]], by beating [[Low Wee Wern]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Joshna lifts NSC Super Satellite Series crown|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/joshna-lifts-nsc-super-satellite-series-crown_485443.html|date=21 November 2008|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> The following week, she defeated Wern again in the NSC Super Satellite to claim her second tour title.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":7" /> At this time, she was at her career best [[Official Women's Squash World Ranking|PSA World rank]] of 39.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" />

=== 2010–2012 ===
In 2010, Joshna won the German Ladies Open, beating Gaby Schmohl 11–6, 11–7, 11–6 at [[Saarbrücken]]. This was her fourth tour title and first in Europe.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinappa wins German Ladies Open - Rediff.com|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/chinappa-wins-german-ladies-open/20100524.htm|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> In 2011, she won the [[Windy City Open]] by beating her compatriot [[Dipika Pallikal Karthik|Dipika Pallikal]] 3–2 in the final.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa scored a 3-2 victory over Dipika Pallikal to win the Metrosquash Windy City Open title in Chicago. Chinappa won 11-4, 6-11, 12-10, 2-11, 11-6 against Pallikal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Joshna-Chinappa-scored-a-3-2-victory-over-Dipika-Pallikal-to-win-the-Metrosquash-Windy-City-Open-title-in-Chicago-Chinappa-won-11-4-6-11-12-10-2-11-11-6-against-Pallikal-/articleshow/7461652.cms|website=The Times of India|date=9 February 2011 |access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>

Joshna faced an injury layoff in August while playing in the Hamptons Open.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|last=Keerthivasan|first=K.|date=30 May 2012|title=Josh all the way!|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/josh-all-the-way/article3472906.ece|access-date=25 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062258/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/josh-all-the-way/article3472906.ece|archive-date=19 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> When she came back after a seven-month break in May 2012, she clinched the WISPA title in the 2012 Chennai Open in her hometown.<ref name=":8" /> Joshna defeated Sarah Jane Perry of England 9–11, 11–4, 11–8, 12–10.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joshna Chinappa clinches Chennai Open |website=The Times of India |date=26 May 2012 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Joshna-Chinappa-clinches-Chennai-Open/articleshow/13522175.cms |access-date=10 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527181227/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Joshna-Chinappa-clinches-Chennai-Open/articleshow/13522175.cms |archive-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2014 ===
[[File:Dipika Pallikal with Joshna Chinappa.jpg|thumb|Joshna with Dipika Pallikal]]
In February, Joshna won the Winter Club Women's Open.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winter Club 2014|url=http://www.squashsite.co.uk/2009/winterclub2014.htm|website=www.squashsite.co.uk|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409171111/http://www.squashsite.co.uk/2009/winterclub2014.htm|archive-date=9 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In April, she won the Richmond Open, upsetting Australia's former world champion [[Rachael Grinham]] 11–9, 11–5, 11–8. This was her first win against Rachael in six meetings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa stuns Rachael Grinham, wins Richmond Open|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/joshna-stuns-grinham-wins-richmond-open/|date=21 April 2014|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026045816/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/joshna-stuns-grinham-wins-richmond-open/|archive-date=26 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In March, she reached her new career-high PSA world ranking of 19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa in top 20 squash rankings, big jump for Kush Kumar|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/joshna-chinappa-back-in-top-20-kush-kumar-top-100|date=2 October 2015|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

In August, Joshna and Dipika entered the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Glasgow]] as the fifth-seeds in [[Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|women's doubles]]. After winning every match in the group stage, they advanced to quarterfinals, in which they beat [[Joelle King]] and [[Amanda Landers-Murphy|Amanda Land-Murphy]] in straight games.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2014 Commonwealth Games: Dipika Pallikal-Joshna Chinappa Reach Women's Doubles Squash Semis {{!}} Other Sports News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/commonwealth-games-2014/2014-commonwealth-games-dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-reach-women-s-doubles-squash-semis-1515054|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> They beat the second-seeded Australian pair of [[Rachael Grinham]] and [[Kasey Brown]] in the semifinals to reach the final, where they defeated the English pair of [[Jenny Duncalf]] and [[Laura Massaro]]. They accomplished the upset win against the top-seeded pair in less than 28 minutes with scores of 11–6, 11–8.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Games 2014: Dipika, Joshana win squash gold medal|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140802/sports-other-sports/article/commonwealth-games-2014-dipika-joshana-win-squash-gold-medal|date=3 August 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Joshna and Dipika made history by winning the gold medal at the event.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vinod |first=A. |date=2 August 2014 |title=Dipika and Joshna create history |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/joshana-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-win-squash-gold-at-cwg/article6275525.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925175625/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/joshana-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-win-squash-gold-at-cwg/article6275525.ece |archive-date=25 September 2020 |access-date=3 August 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2016 |title=Joshna Chinappa rises to 11th in squash rankings |url=https://sportscafe.in/articles/squash/2016/jun/01/joshna-chinappa-rises-to-11-th-in-squash-rankings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820232731/https://sportscafe.in/articles/squash/2016/jun/01/joshna-chinappa-rises-to-11-th-in-squash-rankings |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=1 June 2016 |website=SportsCafe.in}}</ref> This was India's first-ever squash medal in the Commonwealth Games.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CWG 2014: Dipika Pallikal, Joshna Chinappa bag India's maiden squash gold|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/cwg-2014-dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-bag-indias-maiden-squash-gold-1646917.html|website=Firstpost|date=3 August 2014 |access-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201061459/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/cwg-2014-dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-bag-indias-maiden-squash-gold-1646917.html|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2015 ===
In May, Joshna reached the semifinals at the 2015 HKFC International, but failed to beat [[Annie Au]] from [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Squash: Saurav, Joshna in Semis of Hong Kong Tournament {{!}} Squash News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/squash/squash-saurav-joshna-in-semis-of-hong-kong-tournament-1499776|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> In August, she won the Victorian Open in Australia for her tenth tour title. She beat Line Hansen from Denmark 11–5, 11–4, 11–9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa wins Victorian Open for 10th professional title|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/Joshna-Chinappa-wins-Victorian-Open-for-10th-professional-title/articleshow/48318324.cms|website=The Times of India|date=2 August 2015 |access-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808012453/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/Joshna-Chinappa-wins-Victorian-Open-for-10th-professional-title/articleshow/48318324.cms|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In September, she won the NSCI Open title, by beating Egypt's [[Habiba Mohamed Ahmed Alymohmed|Habiba Mohamed]] 11–8, 11–9, 11–6. Joshna was injured during the second game of the match, after Mohamed unintentionally struck her on the face with the racket.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=India's Joshana Chinappa wins NSCI Open|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/indias-joshan-chinappa-wins-nsci-open|date=6 September 2015|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025051951/http://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/indias-joshan-chinappa-wins-nsci-open|archive-date=25 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Injured Joshna Chinappa beats Habiba to win Squash Circuit title|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/othersports/injured-joshna-chinappa-beats-habiba-to-win-squash-circuit-title/story-iWek2FmrZDLn7DR4lF9oMI.html|date=7 September 2015|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927050336/https://www.hindustantimes.com/othersports/injured-joshna-chinappa-beats-habiba-to-win-squash-circuit-title/story-iWek2FmrZDLn7DR4lF9oMI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October, Joshna beat [[Salma Hany Ibrahim Ahmed|Salma Hany]] from Egypt 11–9, 8–11, 5–11, 11–8, 11–9 to reach the semifinals of the [[Carol Weymuller Open 2015|2015 Carol Weymuller Open]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 October 2015|title=Joshna Chinappa reaches Carol Weymuller Open semis|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/joshna-chinappa-reaches-carol-weymuller-open-semis/articleshow/49220274.cms|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=2 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802083820/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/joshna-chinappa-reaches-carol-weymuller-open-semis/articleshow/49220274.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Joshna was defeated by Joelle King in the semifinals. In the first round of the Qatar Classic, Joshna defeated Raneem El Welily from Egypt, the World No. 1 at the time.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=31 October 2015|title=Joshna stuns World No.1 in Qatar Classic|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/qatar-classic-squash-championship-joshna-chinnappa-stuns-world-no-1-raneem-el-welily/article7827174.ece|access-date=26 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624093802/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/qatar-classic-squash-championship-joshna-chinnappa-stuns-world-no-1-raneem-el-welily/article7827174.ece|archive-date=24 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2015, Joshna achieved her career-high world rank of 13. She become the highest-ranked Indian woman player, overtaking Dipika in rankings for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa became India's highest-ranked player in 2015 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Joshna-Chinappa-became-Indias-highest-ranked-player-in-2015/articleshow/50201648.cms|website=The Times of India|date=16 December 2015 |access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925200032/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-chinappa-became-indias-highest-ranked-player-in-2015/articleshow/50201648.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2016 ===
[[File:Joshana Chinappa at the 12th South Asian Games in 2016.jpg|thumb|Joshna after winning the gold medal at the 2016 South Asian Games, Guwahati, 2016]]
In February, Joshna participated in the [[Cleveland Classic 2016|2016 Cleveland Classic]] in the United States, where she was knocked out by [[Camille Serme]] in the quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cleveland Classic 2016: Joshna Chinappa, Dipika Pallikal lose in quarter-finals|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/other-sports/cleveland-classic-2016-joshna-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-lose-in-quarter-finals-391466|agency=Press Trust of India|website=Cricket Country|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Then she competed at the [[2016 South Asian Games]] in [[Guwahati]] as the top-seed. She won gold after defeating her Pakistani rival [[Maria Toorpakai Wazir|Maria Toorpaki Wazir]] 10–12, 11–7, 11–9, 11–7.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAG 2016: Joshna Chinappa beats Pakistani rival, clinches squash gold|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/sag-2016-joshna-chinappa-beats-pakistani-rival-clinches-squash-gold-307730-2016-02-08|website=India Today|date=8 February 2016 |language=en|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref>

In May, Joshna reached the semifinals of the 2016 HKFC International in Hong Kong. This time she was able to beat Annie Au 3–2, to whom she had lost the same title the previous year.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Joshna Chinappa marches into HKFC International final|url=https://sportscafe.in/squash/articles/2016/may/27/joshna-chinappa-marches-into-hkfc-international-final|date=27 May 2016|website=SportsCafe.in|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> However, she lost in the finals to New Zealand's Joelle King.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna goes down fighting in final|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/sports/other-sports/joshna-goes-down-fighting-in-final.html|website=OnManorama|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015041416/http://english.manoramaonline.com/sports/other-sports/joshna-goes-down-fighting-in-final.html|archive-date=15 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In July, Joshna rose to her new career-high ranking of 10, becoming the second Indian to break into the world's top 10 after Dipika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna breaks into world's top 10|url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/16671285/joshna-breaks-world-top-10|date=1 July 2016|website=ESPN|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911093233/http://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/16671285/joshna-breaks-world-top-10|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In August, Joshna participated in the 2016 SRAM Invitational in Malaysia. She managed to reach the finals after beating Joelle King in the semifinal, but was defeated by Malaysian [[Nicol David]] in the final.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SRAM Invitational 2016: Nicol David beats Joshna Chinappa in the final|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/sram-invitational-2016-nicol-david-beats-joshna-chinappa-final|last=Banerjee|first=Sudeshna|date=1 August 2016|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924153602/https://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/sram-invitational-2016-nicol-david-beats-joshna-chinappa-final|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October, Joshna reached the finals of the 2016 Otters International in [[Mumbai]] after beating [[Tesni Evans]] 3–1, 11–6, 15–13, 9–11, 11–8.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Otters International: Joshna Chinappa in final|url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/17685147/joshna-chinappa-final|date=1 October 2016|website=ESPN|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003134938/http://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/17685147/joshna-chinappa-final|archive-date=3 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa enters Otters International finals|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/joshna-chinappa-enters-otters-international-finals/article9174491.ece|website=Sportstar|date=October 2016 |language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204175746/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/joshna-chinappa-enters-otters-international-finals/article9174491.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> She lost to Hong Kong rival Annie Au in the finals 9–11, 11–13, 7–11.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna goes down fighting to top seed Annie|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/joshna-goes-down-fighting-to-top-seed-annie-710522-2016-10-02|date=2 October 2016|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> In November, she participated in the 2016 [[WSF World Team Squash Championships|World Team Squash Championships]] in [[Paris]] with Dipika, Akanksha Salunkhe, and [[Sunayna Kuruvilla]] on the women's team.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 Women's World Team Squash Championships: Joshna Chinappa and Dipika Pallikal to lead Indian charge|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/sports/other-sports/women-world-team-squash-championships-joshna-chinappa-and-dipika-pallikal-to-lead-indian-charge-152139.html|website=News Nation English|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614101835/https://english.newsnationtv.com/sports/other-sports/women-world-team-squash-championships-joshna-chinappa-and-dipika-pallikal-to-lead-indian-charge-152139.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Indian team did not qualify for the knockout stage of the championship.

=== 2017 ===
In March, Joshna competed in the [[2017 Women's British Open Squash Championship|2017 British Open Squash Championship]]. She lost in the second round match against Raneem El Welily.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa loses in second round of British Open|url=https://scroll.in/field/832590/joshna-chinappa-loses-in-second-round-of-british-open|author=|website=Scroll.in|date=23 March 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> In April, she participated in the [[2017 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships|2017 Asian Individual Squash Championships]], which took place in Chennai. She reached the finals where she faced Palikkal. Joshna won the long match 13–15, 12–10, 11–13, 11–4, 11–4, becoming the first Asian Squash Champion from India.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa is Asian champion, Max Lee takes men's title|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/life-style/sports/2017/may/01/joshna-chinappa-is-asian-champion-max-lee-takes-mens-title-1176.html|website=www.indulgexpress.com|date=May 2017 |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618132514/http://www.indulgexpress.com/life-style/sports/2017/may/01/joshna-chinappa-is-asian-champion-max-lee-takes-mens-title-1176.html|archive-date=18 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa clinches Asian Individual Squash Championship|url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/joshna-chinappa-clinches-asian-individual-squash-championship/|last=Banerjee|first=Tanay|date=1 May 2017|website=EssentiallySports|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913123957/http://www.essentiallysports.com/joshna-chinappa-clinches-asian-individual-squash-championship/|archive-date=13 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview, she said that winning this title was her biggest achievement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa says winning maiden Asian Championship title is her biggest achievement|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/joshna-chinappa-says-winning-maiden-asian-championship-title-is-her-biggest-achievement-3417540.html|website=Firstpost|date=2 May 2017 |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503000016/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/joshna-chinappa-says-winning-maiden-asian-championship-title-is-her-biggest-achievement-3417540.html|archive-date=3 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August, Joshna partnered with Dipika to play in the [[World Squash Doubles Championships|World Doubles Squash Championship]]. As the second-seeds, they cruised into the quarterfinals<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Doubles Squash Championship: Joshna Chinappa-Dipika Pallikal cruise into quarters|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/world-doubles-squash-championship-joshna-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-cruise-into-quarters-3887287.html|website=Firstpost|date=2 August 2017 |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703162457/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/world-doubles-squash-championship-joshna-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-cruise-into-quarters-3887287.html|archive-date=3 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and beat Samantha Cornett and Nikole Todd 10–11, 11–6, 11–8 to enter the semifinals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipika Pallikal-Joshna Chinappa assure India of medal at WSF World Doubles Squash Championship|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-assure-india-of-medal-at-wsf-world-doubles-squash-championship-4782726/|date=4 August 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002041831/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-assure-india-of-medal-at-wsf-world-doubles-squash-championship-4782726/|archive-date=2 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> They settled for a bronze medal after being defeated by [[Jenny Duncalf]] and [[Alison Waters]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa and Dipika Pallikal get bronze medal at world doubles squash championships|url=https://scroll.in/field/846199/joshna-chinappa-and-dipika-pallikal-get-bronze-medal-at-world-doubles-squash-championships|website=Scroll.in|date=5 August 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=10 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810090838/https://scroll.in/field/846199/joshna-chinappa-and-dipika-pallikal-get-bronze-medal-at-world-doubles-squash-championships|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September, Joshna won her 15th national championship title at the 74th National Squash Championships which took place in [[Greater Noida]]. This put her only one title short of the record for most number of national championship titles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HCL National Squash Championships 2017: Joshna Chinappa opens up about her life outside the sport in interview|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/interview-squash-star-joshna-chinappa-opens-up-about-her-life-outside-the-sport|website=sportskeeda|date=6 September 2017 |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119131554/https://www.sportskeeda.com/squash/interview-squash-star-joshna-chinappa-opens-up-about-her-life-outside-the-sport|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, she played in the 2017 HKFC International as the third-seed. She advanced to the final, but lost to [[Nour El Tayeb]]l.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna loses in final of HKFC International Squash - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-loses-in-final-of-hkfc-international-squash/articleshow/60436846.cms|website=The Times of India|date=9 September 2017 |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920172720/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-loses-in-final-of-hkfc-international-squash/articleshow/60436846.cms|archive-date=20 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2018 ===
In April, Joshna participated in the [[2018 Commonwealth Games]]. She reached the quarterfinals of the women's singles event after beating Tamika Saxby from Australia,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2018 Commonwealth Games: Joshna Chinappa in quarters, Dipika Pallikal and Vikram Malhotra exit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/2018-commonwealth-games-joshna-chinappa-in-quarters-dipika-pallikal-and-vikram-malhotra-exit/story-uAdBJ2739pOq4K6x4uyTZJ.html|date=6 April 2018|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531141523/https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/2018-commonwealth-games-joshna-chinappa-in-quarters-dipika-pallikal-and-vikram-malhotra-exit/story-uAdBJ2739pOq4K6x4uyTZJ.html|archive-date=31 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> but lost to Joelle King 11–5, 11–6, 11–9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CWG 2018: India's squash challenge ends as Joshna Chinappa bows out in quarters|url=https://scroll.in/field/874825/cwg-2018-indias-squash-campaign-ends-as-joshna-chinappa-bows-out-in-quarters|author=|website=Scroll.in|date=7 April 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015045856/https://scroll.in/field/874825/cwg-2018-indias-squash-campaign-ends-as-joshna-chinappa-bows-out-in-quarters|url-status=live}}</ref> Joshna, along with Dipika Pallikal, won the doubles silver medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2018 |title=Commonwealth Games 2018 squash: Dipika Pallikal-Joshna Chinappa get silver |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/commonwealth-games-2018-squash-dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-get-silver/story-CAkzuRhnE2ftOUJlLNXBDI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415201400/https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/commonwealth-games-2018-squash-dipika-pallikal-joshna-chinappa-get-silver/story-CAkzuRhnE2ftOUJlLNXBDI.html |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In April, Joshna won her second-round match at [[El Gouna International]] against the eight-time world champion [[Nicol David]] in straight games. This was one of her more prominent upsets.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |title=Joshna Chinappa posts first-ever win over Nicol David |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-chinappa-posts-first-ever-win-over-nicol-david/articleshow/63870086.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422223718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-chinappa-posts-first-ever-win-over-nicol-david/articleshow/63870086.cms |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=24 April 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> She lost in the quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa's campaign at El Gouna International PSA World Series squash ends with quarters loss|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/joshna-chinappas-campaign-at-el-gouna-international-psa-world-series-squash-ends-with-quarters-loss-4445775.html|website=Firstpost|date=25 April 2018 |access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> In August, Joshna reached the semifinals at the 2018 Asian Games. She won the semifinal match against Nicol David 12–10, 11–9, 6–11, 10–12, 11–9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Games 2018: Joshna Chinappa stuns 8-time world champ Nicol David, takes India into final|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-joshna-chinappa-stuns-8-time-world-champ-nicol-david-takes-india-into-final-5333976/|date=31 August 2018|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927141612/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-joshna-chinappa-stuns-8-time-world-champ-nicol-david-takes-india-into-final-5333976/|archive-date=27 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She lost to [[Sivasangari Subramaniam]] in the final, and settled for the silver medal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Games 2018: Joshna Chinappa goes down fighting in squash semis, gets bronze|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/asian-games-2018-joshna-chinappa-goes-down-fighting-in-squash-semis-gets-bronze-1322887-2018-08-25|website=India Today|date=25 August 2018 |language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825131810/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/asian-games-2018-joshna-chinappa-goes-down-fighting-in-squash-semis-gets-bronze-1322887-2018-08-25|archive-date=25 August 2018|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> In October, Joshna reached the quarterfinals of the Carol Weymuller Open.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Joshna Chinappa bows out from Carol Weymuller Open squash|url=https://sportscafe.in/squash/articles/2018/oct/21/joshna-chinappa-bows-out-from-carol-weymuller-open-squash|date=21 October 2018|website=SportsCafe.in|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref>

=== 2019 ===
In March, Joshna reached the quarterfinals of the Black Ball Open, where she lost to Joelle King.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Ball Open: Joshna Chinappa bows out in quarterfinals|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/black-ball-squash-open-joshna-chinappa-joelle-king/article26533297.ece|last=PTI|website=Sportstar|date=14 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029133337/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/black-ball-squash-open-joshna-chinappa-joelle-king/article26533297.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> She went down in the semifinals of the [[Macau Open (squash)|Macau Open]] in April.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Macau Open: Joshna goes down in semis|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/macau-open-2019-joshna-chinappa-loses-to-top-seed-annie-au-in-semifinal-indian-squash-news/article26831057.ece|last=Sportstar|first=Team|website=Sportstar|date=13 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727125143/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/macau-open-2019-joshna-chinappa-loses-to-top-seed-annie-au-in-semifinal-indian-squash-news/article26831057.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In May, she won the [[2019 Women's Asian Individual Squash Championships|2019 Asian Individual Squash Championships]], after beating Annie Au in the final.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saurav Ghosal, Joshna Chinappa win Asian Championship titles|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/saurav-ghosal-joshna-chinappa-asian-championship-5712278/|date=6 May 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508020235/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/saurav-ghosal-joshna-chinappa-asian-championship-5712278/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Joshna won her 17th national squash champion title in June, breaking the record held by [[Bhuvneshwari Kumari]] who had won the national title 16 times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senior National Squash Championship: Joshna Chinappa wins record 17th title, Mahesh Mangaoker clinches men's crown|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/senior-national-squash-championship-joshna-chinappa-wins-record-17th-title-mahesh-mangaoker-clinches-mens-crown-6822971.html|website=Firstpost|date=17 June 2019 |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713195010/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/senior-national-squash-championship-joshna-chinappa-wins-record-17th-title-mahesh-mangaoker-clinches-mens-crown-6822971.html|archive-date=13 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the World Squash Championship which took place in October, Joshna lost to [[Nour El Sherbini]] of Egypt in the pre-quarterfinal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joshna Chinappa Crashes Out of World Squash Championship|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/joshna-chinappa-crashes-out-of-world-squash-championship-2365981.html|date=29 October 2019|website=News18|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030132316/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/joshna-chinappa-crashes-out-of-world-squash-championship-2365981.html|archive-date=30 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2020 ===
In February, Joshna won her 18th national title in the 77th Senior National Championship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Squash: Joshna Chinappa wins 18th Nationals title; Saurav Ghosal 13th crown|url=https://thebridge.in/squash/squash-joshna-chinappa-wins-18th-nationals-title-saurav-ghosal-13th-crown/|date=15 February 2020|website=The Bridge|language=en-GB|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315004414/https://thebridge.in/squash/squash-joshna-chinappa-wins-18th-nationals-title-saurav-ghosal-13th-crown/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Titles ==
On 2 February 2014, Joshna won the Winnipeg Winter Open trophy – her maiden WSA world title, by defeating Egypt's Heba El Torky 11-13 11-8 11-5 3-11 12–10 in the final.<ref name="Zee News 2014">{{cite web |title=Joshna Chinappa notches Winnipeg Open title |website=Zee News |date=18 July 2014 |url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/joshna-chinappa-notches-winnipeg-open-title_779710.html |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331062523/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/joshna-chinappa-notches-winnipeg-open-title_779710.html |archive-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her other titles are:

* Asian Games, 2018 - Bronze (Singles), Silver (Team)
* Commonwealth Games, 2018 - Silver (Doubles)
* Asian Squash Title, 2017- Winner
* NSC Series No. 6 (Tour 12) 2009 – Winner
* [[British Junior Open]], 2005 – Winner
* Asian Junior, 2005 – Winner
* [[World Junior Squash Championships|World Junior Championships]], Belgium, 2005 – Runner-up
* British Open Junior, 2004 – Runner-up
* SAF Games, Pakistan, 2004 – Gold
* Hong Kong event, 2004 – Runner-up
* Asian Championship, 2004 – Bronze
* Malaysian Junior, 2004 – Winner
* Indian National Junior, 2004 – Winner
* Indian National Senior, 2004 – Winner

== Rivalry with Dipika Pallikal ==
Joshna and Dipika are considered as India's top performing women players of all time, as they both had reached top 10 in the world in their careers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2017|title=Joshna, Dipika can break into world's top 5: India's coach |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-dipika-can-break-into-worlds-top-5-indias-coach/articleshow/60224063.cms|access-date=27 June 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918013442/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/joshna-dipika-can-break-into-worlds-top-5-indias-coach/articleshow/60224063.cms|archive-date=18 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Joshna says that the so-called rivalry between the two is hyped up by the media. They are both competitive but get along well, as they are often roommates for events, and teammates in events such as the [[Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 November 2016|title=There's no substitute for hard work for squash devotee Joshna Chinappa|work=Zeven|url=http://www.zevenworld.com/more-sports/news/1528-there-s-no-substitute-for-hard-work-for-squash-devotee-joshna-chinappa|url-status=dead|access-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185417/http://www.zevenworld.com/more-sports/news/1528-there-s-no-substitute-for-hard-work-for-squash-devotee-joshna-chinappa|archive-date=25 June 2018}}</ref> The two together won the Women’s Doubles Gold Medal in the 2022 Squash World Doubles Championships in Glasgow, Scotland.

== See also ==
* [[Squash in India]]
* [[India women's national squash team]]
* [[Official Women's Squash World Ranking]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Joshna Chinappa}}
* {{WISPA|T00595}}
* {{WSA|joshana-chinappa}}
* {{Squash Info|402}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051018213625/http://www.ispsquash.com/Joshna'sArticleAndAchievements.htm ISP Squash Site Article on Chinappa]
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20040115115158/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/07/stories/2003080700450400.htm ''The Hindu'' article on training for the world juniors]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090718073635/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/12/stories/2009071260901500.htm Joshna Chinappa won the third WISPA title of her career]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chinappa, Joshna}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female squash players]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in squash]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games squash players for India]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in squash]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in squash]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2002 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Kodava people]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in squash]]
[[Category:Competitors at the 2013 World Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]

Music of Arunachal Pradesh

2025-11-25T22:55:24Z

Bihar: refined content further per sources

{{Short description|none}} 
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{Indian music|expanded=Territory}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}

[[Arunachal Pradesh]] is a [[state of India]]. It is known for dance music, which comes in many different styles.<ref>{{cite book | last=Kala Vikash Kendra | first=Cuttack | title=Journal | year=1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_1kAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2024-11-26 | page=33}}</ref> Dances from the region are often ritual in nature, but are also celebratory. They are mostly group dances, though others are restricted to men. Dances include [[popir]], [[ponung]] and [[pasi kongki]] (of the [[Adi people|Adi]]), [[rekham pada]] (of the [[Nishing]]), [[aji lhamu]] (of the [[Monpa people|Monpa]]) and [[hiirii khaniing]] (of the [[Apatani people|Apatani]]).

==Idu Mishmi ritual dance==
The Idu Mishmis have a ritual dance and a fertility dance. The ritual dance is performed by the priest or priestess in the ceremonies of Ai-ah, Ai-him, Mesalah and Rren. The fertility dance is performed on the last day of the Rren ceremony.

There is no definite myth about the origin of this ritual dance. According to local tradition, the first priest who officiated in a funeral ceremony was Chineuhu and his brother Ahihiuh, was the first priest who officiated in the other three ceremonies in which this dance forms a part. This dance is associated with the priestly office.

Besides the priest, there are three or four other dancers who are selected from amongst the spectators. In addition, it is the usual dress which consists of a loin-cloth, a short-sleeved coat, and a sword slung on the right side, a leather bag slung on the left side and a few bead-necklaces, the priest wears a few other articles. These articles are an apron with particular designs, a head-band decorated with two or three rows of cowries, a necklace studded with the teeth of tiger and bear and a few metal bells. A priestess wears these special articles in addition to the usual Mishmi woman's dress of a skirt, a long-sleeved coat and bead-necklaces. The priestess is generally accompanied by female dancers. The accompanying dancers wear the usual dress.

The dancers stand in a line, the priest is second either from the right or left. During the dance, one dancer standing at one end of the line plays a small drum slung from his neck. The priest and the other two dancers play a very small semi-globular single-membrane drum, striking it with a bamboo-stick which is kept tied to the drum with a string. The fifth dancer, if any, plays a horn bugle. When there are five dancers, the priest stands in the middle of the line. He sings a line of invocatory song while all the others play the musical instruments, flex the knees bobbing up and down and alternately raise the right and left heels and stamp these on the ground in time to the drum-beats. When the priest finishes singing the line, others repeat it in chorus. Again the priest sings another line of the song which the others repeat in chorus and thus it goes on.

After a prelude of flexing of knees and stamping of heels, they place one foot forward and immediately bring the other up beside it. If in the first step, the right foot is taken forward, then in the next step it is the left one. After each step, they flex the knees. Thus, they dance forward to the accompaniment of drumbeats and invocatory song. When they have danced forward for some distance, they dance backward with the same movement. Thus they dance moving forward and backward.

Sometimes they break away from the line formation and the four dancers standing in the four corners sing an invocatory song, play the musical instruments and dance flexing the knees and raising the right and left heel alternately and stamping these on the ground. Now and then they change positions dancing all the time but facing inward. Sometimes they dance in a circle following one another with tripping steps.

In another movement, they dance sideways either in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. They stand in a semicircle and in the anti-clockwise movement, they take one step with the right foot to the right and immediately bring the left foot beside the right one. Thus they dance in a circle, flexing the knees after each step.

The priest does not demand any money for his priestly services, but the performer usually remunerates him according to his ability. The remuneration may also be paid in kind, e.g. with handloom coat, brass utensils or pigs.

The music (Hindi: संगीत) is diverse because of India's vast cultural diversity. Though it might be started with devotional songs later it covered each & every part of contemporary human life including psychology, philosophy, anatomy(Deha-Tatva), socio-economic condition, love, day to day living etc. and in many of them you will find deep insight into life. There are numerous eminent bards/saints or Fakirs who had contributed a lot in this field. A few of them are Kabir, Moinuddin Chishti, Lalon Fakir and many more. Main classification can be done based on the regional languages. It has many forms including bhangr, lavani, dandiya and Rajasthani. The arrival of movies and pop music weakened folk music's popularity, but saints and poets to have large musical libraries and traditions to their name, often sung in thumri semi-the folk music of India is dance-oriented.
==Dances and music about Gita Govinda Project==
Dance forms an important aspect of the socio-cultural heritage of the people. They dance on important rituals, during festivals and also for recreation. The dances of the people of Arunachal are group- where both men and women take part. There are however some dances such as igo dance of the Mishmi priests, war dance of the Adis, Noctes and Wanchos, ritualistic dance of the Buddhist tribes, which are male dances. Females are not allowed to participate in these dances.
Some of the popular folk dances of the people are Aji Lamu(Monpa), Roppi(Nishing), Buiya(Nishing), Hurkani(Apatani), Popir(Adi), Pasi Kongki(Adi), Chalo(Nocte),Ponung(Adi), Rekham Pada (Nishing), Lion and Peacock dance (Monpa) and so on. Most dances are performed to the accompaniment of songs sung generally in chorus. Musical instruments like drums and Cymbals are played.

The folksong of Pailibos relate more to their folk history, mythology and description of their known past. Themes of songs are like fables involving creatures or the animal and urgent words signifying moral deduction.

Following are their chief folksong, sung on different occasion:

* Ja-Jin-Ja: On occasion of feasts and merriment, during marriages or other social meets, this song is sung. Both men and women sing it in chorus or individually. But once the song starts, all those who are present join them in singing.
* Baryi: It is a song which narrate their history, their religious lore and mythology. Its whole cycle takes hours to complete. It is also a feature of festivals or of occasion of important social or religious gatherings.
Both Ja-Jin-Ja and Baryi produce a nostalgic feeling in Pailibos as the glories of the past ancestors are narrated through them.
* Nyioga: It is sung when a marriage ceremony is concluded and the bridal party returns leaving the bride in her home. The theme is that of the joy. It contains pieces of advice to the bride for her future life.

==See also==
{{portal|India|Music}}
* [[Music of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Culture of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Music of India by state or union territory|Arunachal Pradesh]]

Manmath Nath Gupta

2025-11-18T13:34:03Z

Bihar: refined intro to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian Marxist revolutionary}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manmath Nath Gupta
| image = Manmath Nath Gupta.jpg
| birth_date = 7 February 1908
| birth_place = [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[Benaras State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 26 October 2000 (aged 92)
| death_place = Delhi, India
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
}}
'''Manmath Nath Gupta''' (7 February 1908 – 26 October 2000) was an Indian [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist]] [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]] writer and author of autobiographical, historical and fictional books in Hindi, English and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. He joined the [[Indian independence movement]] at the age of 13 and was an active member of the [[Hindustan Republican Association]]. He participated in the famous [[Kakori train robbery]] in 1925 and was imprisoned for 14 years. On release from jail in 1937, he started writing against the [[British Raj|British government]]. He was sentenced again in 1939 and was released in 1946 just a year before India's independence in 1947. He has written several books on the history of the Indian struggle for independence from a revolutionary's point of view, including ''They Lived Dangerously – Reminiscences of a Revolutionary''. He was also the editor of the Hindi literary magazine ''Aajkal''.

==Early life==
Manmath Nath Gupta was born to Veereshvar Gupta on 7 February 1908 at [[Benaras]] in [[Benaras State]] of [[British India]]. His grandfather Adya Prasad Gupta was an original resident of [[Hooghly district|Hugli]] district in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] who had migrated from there in the year 1880 and settled in [[Uttar Pradesh]] at [[Benares]]. Manmath got his early education in [[Biratnagar]] of [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]] where his father was posted as a school headmaster. Since his father got a job later in the Banaras, Manmath was admitted in [[Kashi Vidyapeeth]] for his further studies.

==First imprisonment==
Manmath Nath Gupta joined the Indian nationalist movement as early as the age of 13 years. In 1921, he was distributing pamphlets in the Gadolia area of [[Benares]] calling for a boycott of the reception of the [[Edward VIII|Edward, Prince of Wales]] by the [[Maharaja]] of Benares. When a police officer approached him, he stood his ground instead of running away. During the court proceedings, he told the judge, "I will not cooperate with you" He was jailed for three months.after he was even tortured in jail for distributing pamphlets.

==Chauri Chaura==
He joined the [[Indian National Congress]] as a volunteer worker and went from village to village spreading the message of the Congress. He was dissatisfied with the slowness of the work and its inability in producing any short-term results. When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called off the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation movement]] after the [[Chauri Chaura incident|incident at Chauri Chaura]] in 1922, Gupta was severely disappointed with the Congress and Gandhi.

==Hindustan Republican Association==
He joined the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Republican Association]], a group of young revolutionaries whose aim was to end the British rule of India, by violent means if necessary. "We were called revolutionaries but we were just ordinary people ready to sacrifice our lives for our country", he once said. He also introduced [[Chandrasekhar Azad]] to the association. In his book ''They Lived Dangerously'', he recalls an incident in which Azad nearly shot him.

<blockquote>"Chandrasekhar Azad was learning how to load and unload a [[Mauser]] pistol. He had learned how to load and unload many other brands of revolvers and pistols, but this was a new make. He had liked it more than other brands. He went on with his work and I began to read something. Suddenly seized perhaps by the warmth of the machine, which he had come to adore during the last half an hour, he aimed the empty pistol—empty according to his knowledge—towards me and said, 'Be on your guard, I am going to shoot you.' Before I could say anything he had pulled the trigger and bang whizzed the bullet that had remained inside the barrel without his knowledge. Fortunately for us Azad was not yet the marksman that he was destined to be later on. Although he had fired from a close range, the bullet had missed my head by two inches and had buried itself in the wall. Imagine the consternation of Azad. He thought he had shot me through. I informed him that he had missed me. This, however, did not console him. He was almost in tears. With great difficulty I pacified him."</blockquote>

==Kakori conspiracy==
The [[Kakori train robbery]] was the turning point in his life. On 9 August 1925, ten revolutionaries including Manmath Nath Gupta stopped a train near [[Kakori]] and looted the government treasury travelling in it. A passenger named Ahmed Ali was killed in this action by the bullet fired by Manmath. He was arrested along with all other revolutionaries and tried for this incident in the court, but being a teenager at that time, he was not sentenced to death. Instead, he was sentenced for 14 years' rigorous imprisonment. When he was released in 1937 he started writing against the British Government. He was again arrested in 1939 and imprisoned for life. He also spent some time in the [[Cellular Jail]] in [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]].
[[File:Manmathnath_gupta.jpg|thumb|manmathnath gupta]]

==After independence==
In 1946, he was released from imprisonment; just one year before India gained independence on 15 August 1947.<ref>Asharani Vohra ''Swadhinta Senani Patrakar'' Pratibha Pratishthan' New Delhi page-239</ref> He became a prolific writer, producing about 120 books in Hindi, English, and Bengali. In his book ''They Lived Dangerously'' he narrates the life of revolutionaries how they saw and reacted to the various events in [[Indian independence movement]]. This often presents an alternative point of view to the commonly accepted account. Speaking of the [[Chauri Chaura]] incident, he said, "India would have attained independence in 1922 but for Gandhi's bungling, as many competent writers have said, there is no doubt that on this occasion Gandhi had failed badly." He became a member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) and remained active in the political and social movements.

He joined the Indian [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] and edited the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]'s prestigious publications, including ''Yojna''. He was also the editor of ''Bal Bharti'', a children's magazine, and ''Aajkal'', a Hindi literary magazine.

Manmath Nath Gupta was also present as an Indian delegate in the ''International Symposium on India and World Literature (IWL)'' at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on 27 February 1985 which was organised by the Department of Modern European Languages, University of Delhi. He was much pleased when a paper on his leader titled as ''Pt. Ram Prasad 'Bismil': A Warrior of Pen & Pistol'' was placed before the delegates.

==Death on Diwali==
His last interview on television was telecast in India on 19 December 1997 from [[DD National]] Channel in a 20-minute documentary entitled ''Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna''. In this interview Manmath Nath Gupta, confessed the mistake he made on 8 August 1925 when he fired the Mauser accidentally and a passenger was killed in the [[Kakori train robbery]]. Because of his mistake, 4 revolutionaries including his beloved leader [[Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil]] were hanged. He also expressed regret for not also being given a death sentence, because of his young age.

Manmath Nath Gupta died in the night of the Indian festival of [[Diwali]] on 26 October 2000 at his residence in [[Nizamuddin East]] New Delhi. He was 92 and very active right up to his death.

==Selected bibliography==
*Chandrasekhar Azad
*They Lived Dangerously – Reminiscences of a Revolutionary (1969)
*Bhartiya Krantikari Andolan Ka Itihas (Revised: 1993)
*History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972)
*Gandhi and His Times (1982)
*Bhagat Singh and His Times
*Aadhi raat ke atithi (Guests at Midnight)
*Congress ke sau varsh (Hundred Years of the Congress)
*Din Dahare (In Broad Daylight)
*Sar par kafan bandh kar (With My Funeral Shroud as My Turban)
*Toram Phoram
*Apane samaya ka surya Dinkar (The sun of his times: [[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']])
*Shahadatnama (Declaration of Martyrdom)

==See also==
*[[Kakori Conspiracy]]
*[[Ram Prasad Bismil]]
*[[Chandrasekhar Azad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001028/nation.htm#21 Obituary in The Tribune]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035630/http://www.dailypioneer.com/archives/secon33.asp?cat=%5Cpulse5&d=Pulse&t1=jan1501 Obituary in the Daily Pioneer]
*[http://www.literaryzone.com/blog/?p=3 A review of ''They Lived Dangerously''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205734/http://www.literaryzone.com/blog/?p=3 |date=3 March 2016 }}

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=6Gw9AAAAMAAJ They lived dangerously: reminiscences of a revolutionary]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=kEluAAAAMAAJ Gandhi and his times]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=R9UgAAAAMAAJ History of the Indian revolutionary movement]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=98gBAAAAMAAJ Bhagat Singh and his times]
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Manmath Nath}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Writers from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Nakshi Kanthar Math

2025-11-12T07:43:23Z

Bihar: created some data w/ infobox

{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}{{Short description|Book By Jasimuddin}}
'''''Nakshi Kanthar Math''''' ({{langx|bn|নকশী কাঁথার মাঠ|lit=The Field of the Embroidered Quilt}}) is a dramatized [[Bengali language|Bengali]] verse narrative written by poet [[Jasimuddin]] published in 1928.<ref name="Jasimuddin Site">{{cite web|title=Jasimuddin|url=http://sos-arsenic.net/lovingbengal/news.html#7|publisher=Jasimuddin.org|accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref>

{{Infobox book
| author = [[Jasimuddin]]
| pub_date = 1929
| language = [[Bengali Language]]
| country = [[Bangladesh]] (Past [[British Bengal]])
| genre = [[Romance novel|Romantic]]
}}

The verse is considered a masterpiece in Bengali language and has been translated into many different languages.<ref name="Jasimuddin Site" /> The poem was translated later by Mary Milford as "The Field of the Embroidered Quilt".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To Jyoti), Volume 2|publisher=Sahitya Academy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Nakshi+Kanthar+Math&pg=PA1805|author=Amaresh Datta|year=1988|isbn=9788126011940|accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref>

==Plot==
The verse is a tragic folk tale written in simple language and centers around Rupai and Saju. Rupai is a young peasant, who falls in love with a girl named Saju in his neighboring village. They are married. But after a quarrel and fight with some peasants of another village, Rupai leaves home and flees far away. Saju, the young wife becomes alone. She waits every day with expectation that her husband will return to her, but nothing happens. She becomes tired, all her hopes fails. Many days pass and Saju begins to prepare a [[Nakshi Kantha]] (an embroidered quilt). In that Nakshi Kantha she types (writes)(stitches ) all the (sad) incidents and tragedies of her life.Still more days pass by, but Rupai does not return. Finally Saju dies. Before her death she requests her mother to put the Nakshi Kantha on her (resting place)[[grave]]. Her mother fulfils her last wish. And since then the name of the field becomes Nakshi Kanthar Math.
{{quote|সেই হতে তার নামটি হয়েছে নকশী কাঁথার মাঠ... '''Translation:''' Since then the field is known as Nakshi Kanthar Math}}
Some days after Saju's death, villagers find a young man is lying dead on the grave of Saju and that Nakshi Kantha is in his hands. Villagers identify that man as Rupai

'''Popular Media'''

The hero of the book of the Nakshi Kanthar Math silver embroidered on the popular magazine show, etc. are shown in a report. In addition, the organization has served in a variety of different cultural dance drama. Ustad Khadim Hussain Khan Nokshi Kanthar Math of music-drama directed by Iran, Iraq, and visited Pakistan. is based on the book of poems, Telefilm [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ywFJSz3Viw Nakshi Kanthar Math]. It was directed by [[Razib Hassan]] [[Chanchal Chowdhury]] and the two played and Farhana Mili.

==Critical reviews==
{{Expand section|date=March 2012}}
The poem has been considered as one of the best tragic romantic poems written in Bengali. The poem has been adapted into plays, dance dramas multiple times and appreciated by many. Jasimuddin's incredible use of language and literary techniques is highlighted in this verse narrative. Jasimuddin’s poems are known for expressing emotions with easy words that are very easy to understand. His talent for art in his poems is what makes them so heart touching. This poems tells the tragic story of two lovers born to be together but forced to be separate.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://archive.today/20130113141102/http://www.jasimuddin.org/ Official site on Jasimuddin]

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi poetry books]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry]]
[[Category:Works about textile arts]]
[[Category:1928 poems]]
[[Category:1928 books]]
[[Category:Jasimuddin]]

Barddhaman–Rampurhat Express

2025-11-10T09:57:34Z

Bihar: Done

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Barddhaman–Rampurhat Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|2011|05|02}}
| last = 11 May 2020 (Discontinued due to COVID)
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Barddhaman Junction }} (BWN)
| stops = 4
| end = {{stnlnk|Rampurhat Junction }} (RPH)
| distance = {{convert|112|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 2h 20m
| frequency = Thrice {{efn|Runs three days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 13013/13014
| speed = {{convert|48|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The '''Barddhaman–Rampurhat Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Barddhaman Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Rampurhat Junction}} in India. It was operated with 13013/13014 train numbers on thrice in a week basis.It is currently not operating and cancelled. Before cancel , It runs from Bardhaman on Monday, Thursday & Saturday and from Rampurhat on Wednesday, Friday & Sunday<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1075&did=1491568750730E653D585700CC32A704FB9FABC29273C.web91|title=Train Services to be Modified for Few Days for Commissioning of 3rd Line Between Sainthia & Rampurhat]|publisher=Eastern Railway|website=er.indianrailways.gov.in|date=April 6, 2017|access-date=April 22, 2018}}s</ref>

== Service==
The 13013/Barddhaman–Rampurhat Express has an average speed of 48 km/h and covers 112 km in 2h 20m. 13014/Rampurhat–Barddhaman Express has an average speed of 41 km/h and covers 112 km in 2h 45m.

== Route and halts ==
The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Barddhaman Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bolpur Shantiniketan}}
* [[Prantik railway station]]
* {{stnlnk|Ahmadpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Sainthia Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Rampurhat Junction}}

==Coach composition==
The train has standard LCF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 10 coaches:

* 8 General
* 2 Generators cum Luggage/parcel van

== Traction==
Both trains are hauled by an [[Electric Loco Shed, Asansol|Asansol Loco Shed]]-based [[WAG-5P]] electric locomotive from Barddhaman to Rampurhat and vice versa.

==Rake sharing==
Train shares its rake with 12373/12374 [[Sealdah–Rampurhat Intercity Express]]

== See also ==
*[[Rampurhat Junction railway station]]
*[[Barddhaman Junction railway station]]
* [[Sealdah–Rampurhat Intercity Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/14910 13013/Barddhaman - Rampurhat Express]
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/14911 13014/Rampurhat - Barddhaman Express]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barddhaman-Rampurhat Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2011]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Harijan Sevak Sangh

2025-11-06T14:57:22Z

Bihar: rework references additionally and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian non-profit organisation}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox organization
| image =
| logo =
| formation = {{start date and age|1932|09|30|df=yes|p=y}}
{{nowrap|[[Pune]], India}}
| headquarters = Gandhi Ashram, Kingsway, Delhi (today [[Rajpath]], [[Delhi]])
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Shankar Kumar Sanyal|Prof. Dr. Sankar Kumar Sanyal]]
| name = Harijan Sevak Sangh
| website = gandhicreationhss.org
| founder = Mahatma Gandhi
| logo_size =
}}

'''Harijan Sevak Sangh''', formerly '''All India Anti Untouchability League''', is a non-profit organisation founded by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1932 to eradicate [[untouchability]] in India, working for [[Harijan]] or [[Dalit|Dalit people]] and upliftment of Depressed Class of India.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/10/stories/2007021020740400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212092426/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/10/stories/2007021020740400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 February 2007 | title=Harijan Sevak Sangh to publicise activities | date=10 February 2007 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> It is headquartered at [[Kingsway Camp]] in Delhi, with branches in 26 states across India.<ref>{{cite web | title = Organisation|publisher=Harijan Sevak Sangh| url = http://www.gandhicreationhss.org/orgsture.php | access-date = 7 May 2014}}</ref>

==History==
After the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Second Round Table Conference]], [[British Raj|British government]] agreed to give [[Communal Award]] to the depressed classes on the request of [[B. R. Ambedkar]]. Gandhi opposed the government's decision which he considered would divide the Hindu society and subsequently went on an indefinite fast in [[Yerwada Central Jail|Yerwada Jail]]. He ended his fast after signed [[Poona Pact]] with Ambedkar on 24 September 1932. On 30 September, Gandhi founded ''All India Anti Untouchability League'', to remove untouchability in the society, which later renamed as Harijan Sevak Sangh ("Servants of Harijan Society").<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170610/jsp/opinion/story_156002.jsp|title=Naming the reality|date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524111411/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170610/jsp/opinion/story_156002.jsp|archive-date=24 May 2018}}</ref> At the time industrialist [[Ghanshyam Das Birla]] was its founding president with [[Thakkar Bapa|Amritlal Takkar]] as its secretary.<ref name="Revankar1971">{{cite book|author=Ratna G. Revankar|title=The Indian Constitution: A Case Study of Backward Classes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukZRZk_ttYcC&pg=PA124|date=1 January 1971|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8386-7670-7|page=124}}</ref>

Harijan Sevak Sangh runs two schools in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], a residential middle school in [[Villupuram district]] and N M R Subbaraman memorial residential primary school in [[Madurai]].
The school in Villupuram was set up in 1993 and currently has 180 scheduled caste and 109 other backward classes students.
The students mostly belong to migrant labourers. The school has got 9 teaching and non-teaching staff.
The [[Madurai]]'s school was built in 1979. It presently has 5 teaching and non-teaching faculty members.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dominique |first1=Bosco |title=Villupuram: No funds for Gandhi's Harijan Sevak Sangh for three years {{!}} Puducherry News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/no-funds-for-gandhis-harijan-sevak-sangh-for-three-years/articleshow/71448223.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Headquarters ==
The Sangh is headquartered at [[Kingsway Camp]] in Delhi. It was ''Valmiki Bhawan'' within the campus, which functioned as Gandhiji's one-room ashram, [[Kasturba Gandhi]] and their children stayed at the nearby ''Kasturba Kutir'', between April 1946 and June 1947, before he moved to [[Birla House]]. Today, the 20-acre campus includes the Gandhi ashram, Harijan Basti, Lala Hans Raj Gupta Industrial Training Institute and also has a residential school for boys and girls.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/share-gandhis-space-rs-800-pm/22851-3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012162401/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/share-gandhis-space-rs-800-pm/22851-3.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 October 2012 | title=Share Gandhi's space @Rs 800 pm | work=CNN-IBN | date=30 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/tirath-spends-time-with-dalits-on-gandhi-jayanti_100255242.html|title=Tirath spends time with Dalits on Gandhi Jayanti|date=2 October 2009|work=The Indian|access-date=7 May 2014|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504152553/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/tirath-spends-time-with-dalits-on-gandhi-jayanti_100255242.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its headquarters, Gandhi Ashram, [[Kingsway Camp]] is listed as Gandhian Heritage Site by the Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India.

==Presidents==
Complete list of President of Harijan Sevak Sangh
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Sr. No. !! Image !! Name !! Start of Term!!End of Term
|-
| 1 || [[File:GDBIRLAUCOBANK.jpg|75px]] || ''' [[G. D. Birla|Ghanshyamdas Birla]] ''' || September 1932 || April 1959
|-
| 2 || [[File:Rameshwari Nehru 1987 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] || ''' [[Rameshwari Nehru]] ''' || April 1959 || November 1965
|-
| 3 || || ''' [[Viyogī Hari]] ''' || November 1965 || May 1975
|-
| 4 || [[File:Shyamlal.jpg|75px]] || ''' Shyamlal ''' || June 1975 ||October 1978
|-
| 5 || || ''' R. K. Yarde ''' || December 1978 ||April 1983
|-
| 6 || [[File:Late Nirmala Deshpande.jpg|75px]] || ''' [[Nirmala Deshpande]] ''' || June 1983|| May 2008
|-
| 7 || || ''' Radhakrishn Malviya ''' || May 2008 ||February 2013
|-
| 8 || [[File:Shankar_kumar_sanyal.jpg|75px]] || ''' [[Shankar Kumar Sanyal]] ''' || April 2013 || contd. till now
|-
| 9
|}

== Activities ==
The Sangh helped the depressed classes to access public places such as temples, schools, roads and water resources, also conducted inter dining and [[inter caste marriage]]s.<ref name="Kumar2003">{{cite book|author=Raj Kumar|title=Essays on Dalits|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5_dERFH6jMC&pg=PA67|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-708-7|page=67}}</ref> It constructed and maintains several schools and hostels across the country.<ref name="Pathak1999">{{cite book|author=Bindeshwar Pathak|title=Road to Freedom: A Sociological Study on the Abolition of Scavenging in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2A13gSHm770C&pg=PA70|date=1 September 1999|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1258-1|page=70}}</ref>

In 1939, Harijan Sevak Sangh of Tamil Nadu headed by [[A. Vaidyanatha Iyer]] entered the [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]] in [[Madurai]], with members of depressed class including [[P. Kakkan]] despite opposition from the upper [[Varna (Hinduism)|caste]] Hindus. The Sangh led by Iyer organised several temple entry movements in other Parts of Tamil Nadu and in [[Travancore]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/man-who-led-harijans-into-the-temple/article4500396.ece | title=Man who led Harijans into the temple | work=The Hindu | date=12 March 2013 | access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/reliving-the-historic-temple-entry/article4897572.ece | title=Reliving the historic temple entry | work=The Hindu | date=9 July 2013 | access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref> Through their movements, more than 100 temples were opened to all sections of the society.<ref name="Sharma1997">{{cite book|author=Rajendra Kumar Sharma|title=Rural Sociology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq99HbGpIWsC&pg=PA172|year=1997|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-671-6|pages=172}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|author=[[Viyogī Hari]]|title=History of the Harijan Sevak Sangh, 1932–1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mBXAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Harijan Sevak Sangh}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*

{{Mohandas K. Gandhi}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Dalit]]
[[Category:Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1932]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:1932 establishments in India]]

Seemarekha

2025-10-18T06:26:02Z

Bihar:

{{short description|Bengali television family drama}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image =Seemarekha.png
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = [[Surinder Films]]
| based_on =
| developer =
| story = Saswati Ghosh '''Dialogue''' Poushali Ghosh Dastidar
| director = Suman Das
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = Diya Mukherjee [[Abhishek Bose]] [[Indrani Haldar]] Badsha Maitra
| judges =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| voices =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer = Joy Sarkar
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Surinder Singh [[Nispal Singh]]
| editor =
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime = 21 minutes
| company = [[Surinder Films]]
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 377
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2017|10|23}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2019|1|12}}
| related = {{Plainlist|
* [[Aamar Durga]]
* [[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]
}}
}}

'''''Seemarekha''''' is a [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] television [[soap opera|family drama]]. It premiered on 23 October 2017 and aired on [[Zee Bangla]]. The show is produced by [[Surinder Films]] and stars [[Indrani Haldar]] in titular double role, Diya Mukherjee and [[Abhishek Bose]] in parallel lead roles and [[Sudip Sarkar (actor)|Sudip Sarkar]] as an antagonist.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Seemarekha: Actors get emotional on the last day of shoot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/seemarekha-actors-get-emotional-on-the-last-day-of-shoot/articleshow/67436358.cms|
access-date=2022-07-05|newspaper=The Times of India|date=8 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ebela.in/entertainment/seemarekha-is-no-more-the-story-of-two-sisters-dgtl%C2%A0-1.920112|access-date=2020-12-25|title=সীমা ও রেখার গল্প আর কত দিকভ্রষ্ট হবে|website=Ebela}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiya to be exposed in Zee Bangla's Seemarekha?|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/tiya-be-exposed-zee-bangla-s-seemarekha-180704|access-date=2020-12-25|website= Tellychakkar.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Lead===
* [[Indrani Haldar]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/seemarekha-actress-indrani-halder-turns-a-year-older/articleshow/67418733.cms?_gl=1*gdxzkk*_ga*MjQ2NTY5ODc1LjE2MDc0NDgwNzQ.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTY5NzQyODkzNy42LjAuMTY5NzQyODkzNy42MC4wLjA.|title='Seemarekha' actress Indrani Halder turns a year older|website=The Times of India|date=7 January 2019 }}</ref> in dual role:
**Simantini Guha Roy {{aka}} Seema: Rekha's twin elder sister; Sitangshu's wife; Pratik, Pala, Pakhi's mother. (Main Antagonist)
**Ruprekha Guha Roy aka Rekha: Seema's half an hour twin younger sister; Subhrangshu's wife.
* Diya Mukherjee as Bindi Mitra- Jeet's Wife, Seema and Rekha's Sister-in-law
* [[Abhishek Bose]] as Priyojeet Mitra aka Jeet, Bindi's Husband.
===Recurring===
*[[Badshah Moitra]] as Subhrangshu Guha Roy: Ruprekha's second husband; Seetangshu's youngest brother; Aparna's younger son.
* Debdut Ghosh as Sitangshu Guha Roy: Simantini's husband; Subhrangshu's elder brother; Aparna's elder son; Pratik, Pala, Pakhi's father.
*Ananya Chattopadhyay as Aparna Guha Roy: Rekha and Seema's mother-in-law; Sitangshu and Subhrangshu's mother; Proyojeet and Piyali's paternal aunt.
* [[Sudip Sarkar (actor)|Sudip Sarkar]] as Rick
* Ashmita Chakraborty as Piyali
* Soumi Ghosh as Pola
* [[Alivia Sarkar]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/alivia-sarkar-upset-over-seemarekha-going-off-air/articleshow/67500784.cms?_gl=1*1sxxwoy*_ga*MjQ2NTY5ODc1LjE2MDc0NDgwNzQ.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTY5NzY5NzU3NS43LjAuMTY5NzY5NzY5MS42MC4wLjA.|title=Alivia Sarkar upset over Seemarekha going off air|website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2019 }}</ref> as Tiya
* [[Prantik Banerjee]] as Karna
* Priyanka Bhattacharjee as Tilottoma
* [[Dipanjan Bhattacharya]] as Tushar
* Rumpa Chatterjee as Kamini
* [[Dolon Roy]] as Ranjana
* [[Biplab Banerjee]] as Jeet's father
* [[Ritoja Majumder]] as Jeet's mother
* [[Kaushambi Chakraborty]] as Ahona
* Kaushiki Guha as Rick's mother
* Shankar Debnath as Ratan
* Rajib Basu as Pratik

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seemarekha}}
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]

Mant tehsil

2025-10-12T20:42:31Z

Bihar: created first post initial version

{{use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mant Tehsil
| settlement_type = [[Tehsil]], [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Mat Tehsil Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| etymology =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.636365|77.712383|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 189
| population_total = 21344
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], Brij Bhasa
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 281202
| area_code_type = [[List of country calling codes|Telephone code]]
| area_code = 05663
| registration_plate = UP85 ''XXXX''
| website = [http://tehsildivas.up.nic.in/tehdiv/default.aspx Tehsil Divas Official Website]
| blank_name_sec1 = Sub-district code
| blank_info_sec1 = 09140002
}}

'''Mant''', also '''Mat''',<ref>{{cite news|title=Mathura siblings who craked IIT, get help from DM|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/488133/mathura-siblings-craked-iit-get.html|accessdate=8 July 2015|website=www.deccanherald.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Now, frogs in mid-day meal in UP|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-25/news/40795517_1_mid-day-meal-chitrakoot-strict-action|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716033902/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-25/news/40795517_1_mid-day-meal-chitrakoot-strict-action|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2015|accessdate=15 July 2015 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref> is a town and Tehsil in [[Mathura district|Mathura]] district of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Mant is situated 23 kilometers (14.3 miles) from the city of [[Mathura]] and 45 kilometers (28 miles) from [[Khair|Khair City]]. It belongs to the Agra Division.

== Geography ==
{{Main|List of villages in Mant Tehsil}}
Mant has 201 villages as of the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gram Panchayat List|url=http://scholarship.up.nic.in/2011_12/gp_list.asp?dcode=14&dname=mathura&bname=NAUJHIL&bcode=0004|website=U.P. Scholarship & Fee Reimbursement Online System|publisher=National Informatics Centre, U P State Unit lucknow|accessdate=20 July 2015}}</ref>

==Politics==
[[Mant (Assembly constituency)]] is the Vidhan Sabha constituency.<ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=11 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref> [[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)]] is the parliamentary constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/mathura.html#sthash.Np3vzKmF.dpuf|title=Mathura General (Lok Sabha) Election Results 2019|website=elections.in|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
Mant is connected to Bajna - Mathura Road and [[Yamuna Expressway]].

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[Mathura district]].
*[[Neemgaon]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}
{{Villages in Mathura district}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = '''Mant'''
|North = [[Hathras district]]
|Northeast = [[Mathura district]]
|East = [[Etawah district]]
|Southeast = [[Bhind district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|South = [[Morena district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|Southwest = [[Dhaulpur district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|West = [[Bharatpur district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northwest = [[Mathura district]]
}}

[[Category:Mathura district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Uttar Pradesh]]

Pilu

2025-09-27T03:01:03Z

Bihar: improved citations and improved wording

{{Wiktionary}}
'''Pilu''' may refer to:

==People==
* [[Pilu (poet)]], Punjabi poet
* [[Pilu Khan]], Bangladeshi singer
* [[Pilu Momtaz]], Bangladeshi singer

==Places==
* [[Pilu, Arad]], Romania
* [[Pilu, Estonia]]
* [[List of rivers of Myanmar|Pilu river]], Myanmar

==Other==
* [[Pilu (raga)]], Hindustani music
* [[Pilu oil]]
* [[Pīlu]]
* [[Pilu (TV series)]], an Indian television series

{{dab}}

Prabhat Sangeet

2025-09-03T10:05:36Z

Bihar: Created a stub...

{{Distinguish|text =[[Prabhat Samgiita]], songs by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Prabhat Sangeet
| image = প্রভাত সংগীত-রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (page 2 crop).jpg
| image_size =
| border =
| alt = Prabhat Sangeet 1st edition (1883) title page, in Bengali, black and white
| caption = ''Prabhat Sangeet'' 1st edition (1883) title page
| author = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| audio_read_by =
| title_orig = প্রভাত সঙ্গীত
| orig_lang_code = bn
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| language = Bengali
| series =
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre = Poetry
| set_in =
| publisher =
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| published = 1883
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
| website =
}}
'''''Prabhat Sangeet''''' is a collection of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poetry by poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name="Tagore2011">{{cite book|author=Rabindranath Tagore|title=The Essential Tagore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ih-TOTwfogC&pg=PT256|date=15 April 2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05790-6|pages=256–}}</ref> The book was first published in 1883<ref name="PrasadJoseph2006">{{cite book|author1=Amar Nath Prasad|author2=S John Peter Joseph|title=Indian Writing In English:Critical Rum.(part-2)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuXl77rkasoC&pg=PA18|year=2006|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-725-1|pages=18–}}</ref> and was followed by Tagore's earlier work ''[[Sandhya Sangeet]]'' (1882<ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:কবিগুরুর সাহিত্যকর্ম|url=https://www.risingbd.com/art-literature/news/60738|access-date=2020-07-28|work=RisingBD.com|language=bn}}</ref>).<ref name="Fraser2019">{{cite book|author=Bashabi Fraser|author-link=Bashabi Fraser|title=Rabindranath Tagore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3uhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT91|date=15 September 2019|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78914-178-8|pages=91–}}</ref> This works also marks the end of the second stage of Tagore's poetic career.<ref name="banerjee1981">{{cite book|author=Hiranand Banerjee|title=Rabindranath Tagore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RESdDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT56|year=1981|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2270-3|pages=56–}}</ref>

== Theme ==
In this book the poet celebrated the nature and joyousness of the world.<ref name="Fraser2019" /> He also revisited his childhood. Tagore explained: "At last one day, I do not know how, the bolted door was broken open and I got back what I had lost. I did not merely get it back but through the barrier of separation, got a fuller idea of it. That is why I got much more when in the Prabhat Sangeet, I got back the world of my childhood. Thus easy access to nature followed by separation and reunion marked the end of an episode in the first chapter of my life."<ref name="banerjee1981" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rabindranath Tagore|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:1883 poems]]
[[Category:1883 poetry books]]
[[Category:1883 in British India]]
[[Category:Poetry collections by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry collections]]

Abdullapur, Meerut

2025-08-28T12:30:04Z

Bihar: Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Abdullapur
| population_demonym = metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 192
| population_total = 32750
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=143497|title = Census of India: Search Details}}</ref>
| governing_body = Abdullapur (Meerut)
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 250001
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| official_name =
| unit_pref =
| government_type = Parshad
| native_name =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| other_name =
| nickname = Abdullapur Sadaat
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Meerut
| named_for =
| coordinates = {{coord|28|59|24|N|77|45|57|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Meerut District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 16th Century
| founder = Syed Mir Abdullah Naqvi Al Bukhari
}}
[[File:SYED MOHAMMAD NAQVI.jpg|thumb|Zamindar Syed Sayyed Hussain Ahmed Naqvi with his sons(Syed Ali Abbas Naqvi and Syed Mirsahib Badshah Ali Naqvi) at Nasarpur, Haveli]]

'''Abdullapur''' is a village situated in the eastern outskirts of [[Meerut]], just to the south of Ganga Nagar, [[Meerut district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiamapia.com/Meerut/Abdullapur.html|title=Abdullapur Pin Code, Abdullapur, Meerut Map, Latitude and Longitude, Uttar Pradesh|website=indiamapia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://housing.com/abdullapur-meerut-overview-P1dg80optpu89ce6q|title=Abdullapur, Meerut | Abdullapur Map, Photos and Places to Visit - Housing.com|website=Housing}}</ref>
It is also known as '''Abdullapur Sadaat'''. It was founded by Syed Mir Abdullah Naqvi Al Bukhari. Kot Kila or Kot Fort of Abdullapur was built in the early 16th century, it was his main residence. Abdullapur is the seat of the Jalal Bukhari and Kannauji Bukhari branch of Naqvi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Journal Of Archaeology |url=http://ijarch.org/CurrentIssue.aspx |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=ijarch.org}}{{Deep link needed|date=August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-07-28|title=ABDULLAPUR SADAAT, MEERUT|url=https://muslimsofindia.com/uncategorized-en/abdullapur-sadaat-meerut/|access-date=2021-08-03|website=Muslims Of India|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Research}}</ref><ref>http://etheses.lse.ac.uk › ...PDF

Coalition Politics, Ethnic Violence and Citizenship: Muslim Political ...</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNxP7M4HRRAC&dq=abdullapur+meerut&pg=PA187 |title=Meerut |date=1904 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Bada Darwaza Abdullapur Meerut.jpg|thumb|Bada Darwaza, main entrance of Kot Fort, Abdullapur Meerut]]

Both are descendants of [[Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari]] through Syed Ali Naqvi, Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari the chief advisor of [[Sikandar Lodi]] and father of Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof [[Shah Jewna]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-09|title=Pir Shah Jewna: The soul still exudes spirituality|url=https://nation.com.pk/10-May-2016/pir-shah-jewna-the-soul-still-exudes-spirituality|access-date=2020-08-17|website=The Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust|url=http://nazariapak.info/Sufism/Pir-Shah-Jewna.php|access-date=2020-08-17|website=nazariapak.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht Tomb, Uch Sharif, Pakistan |url=https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1009/pakistan/uch-sharif/makhdoom-jahaniyan-jahangasht-tomb|access-date=2020-12-17|website=Asian Historical Architecture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469327-pir-e-kamil-hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-al-naqvi-al-bokhari|access-date=2020-08-30|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=इंडिया जानेगा कन्नौज की गाथा|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/kannauj-11640714.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Glories of Hazrat Pir shah Jewana|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/5652-glories-of-hazrat-pir-shah-jewana|access-date=2020-12-23|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Makhdoom Jahaniya, kannauj {{!}} Architecture fashion, Tourist places, Tourism|url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/747245763167080165/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Pinterest|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Makhdum Jahania - Kannauj |url=http://wikimapia.org/568472/Makhdum-Jahania |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=wikimapia.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Journal Of Archaeology |url=http://ijarch.org/CurrentIssue.aspx |access-date=2021-02-03 |website=ijarch.org}}{{Deep link needed|date=August 2021}}</ref>

9th [[Moharram]] of this village is quite famous. Notable sites include Bada Darwaza (main entrance of Kot Fort), Syed Asgar Hussain's Imambara, Shakir Mahal, 52 Dari, Kot Masjid, Azmat Manzil, Sayyed Tomb, Syed Barkat Ali Naqvi's 300 years old Pakki Baithak, Prachin Shiv Mandir.<ref>{{Cite web|title=दास्तान ए कर्बला सुन अश्कबार हुई आंखें|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-14852638.html|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>

Sayyeds of this place are popularly known as "Mirsahibs". They had a large [[Jagirdar]]a consisting of 52 villages.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zamindara|title=Zamindara|url=https://charansingh.org/sites/default/files/1948%20Report%20of%20the%20United%20Provinces%20Zamindari%20Abolition%20Commiittee%20Volume%20II%20Statistics%20LR.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422164723/https://charansingh.org/sites/default/files/1948%20Report%20of%20the%20United%20Provinces%20Zamindari%20Abolition%20Commiittee%20Volume%20II%20Statistics%20LR.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-22 }}</ref> The lavish lifestyle of Syed Bunyad Ali Naqvi and Syed Badshah Ali Naqvi was noteworthy. There are numerous [[wafq]] frauds cases going on including [[Vijay Mallya]]'s liquor factory on waqf land.<ref>{{Cite web |title=क्या यूपी में वक्फ के चंगुल से मुक्त होगी 11 हजार एकड़ सरकारी जमीन, इन 40 शहरों में फैला जाल, वक्फ संशोधन बिल संसद से पास |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/lucknow/waqf-board-has-11-thousand-acre-government-land-in-up-know-names-of-these-40-districts-waqf-amendment-bill/2704962 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हटाई जाएगी वक्फ पर बनी माल्या की शराब फैक्ट्री |url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/vijay-mallya-liquor-factory-to-be-removed-hindi-news |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-17|title=Meerut police refused FIR against Vijay Mallya: waqf board|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/meerut-police-refused-fir-against-vijay-mallya-waqf-board/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meerut cops ignored plaint against Mallya: Shia board - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/meerut-cops-ignored-plaint-against-mallya-shia-board/articleshow/51418162.cms|access-date=2021-01-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=50 करोड़ की जमीन पर फर्जी रिपोर्ट का खेल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/50-million-games-on-the-ground-of-false-report |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Amita|date=2016-03-17|title=Board accuses Vijay Mallya of selling waqf land in UP|url=https://www.asianage.com/india/board-accuses-vijay-mallya-selling-waqf-land-967|access-date=2021-01-28|website=The Asian Age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='गैलन साहब' के बंदोबस्त की आड़ में बड़ा खेल, गलत अनुवाद से करोड़ों की जमीन पर कब्जा|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/millions-of-land-capturing-by-wrong-translation-big-game-under-the-garb-of-gallon-saab|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=विजय माल्या को शिया वक्फ बोर्ड का नोटिस |url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/notice-to-vijay-malya-85096 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=वक्फ बोर्ड जमीन की अवैध खरीद-फरोख्त में मंत्री भी शामिल- वसीम रिजवी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/crime/story/uttar-pradesh-shia-waqf-board-land-scam-yogi-govt-minister-mohsin-raza-1013609-2020-01-16 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=seema |date=2019-11-01 |title=Waqf property : लूट सके तो लूट, सारा खेल मुतवल्लियों का {{!}} News Track in Hindi |url=https://newstrack.com/uttar-pradesh/waqf-property-muttavalli-azam-khan-wasim-rizvi-455434.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=newstrack.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rishi |date=2017-06-23 |title=अपना भारत/न्यूज़ट्रैक Exclusive: वक्फ की CBI जाँच में फंसेगी कई बड़ों की गर्दन {{!}} News Track in Hindi |url=https://newstrack.com/lead-story/spl-story-on-up-wakf-board-183112.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=newstrack.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शिया वक्फ बोर्ड के अध्यक्ष वसीम रिजवी पर अब लगा यह गंभीर आरोप |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/blame-of-land-grabbing-on-shia-wakf-board-chairman-wasim-rizvi-3045212 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=वक्फ |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/81531601679-meerut-news |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=विजय माल्या को शिया वक्फ बोर्ड का नोटिस |url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/notice-to-vijay-malya-85096 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref>

The Meerut district jail is located at Abdullapur. This jail has an illustrious history attached to it as its establishment dates back to as early as 1857, It is also called Shri Chaudhry Charan Singh Jail, named after the 5th Prime Minister of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prison in Meerut, Jail in Meerut City, Meerut District Jail |url=https://www.meerutonline.in/city-guide/prison-in-meerut |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=www.meerutonline.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=Nearly 280 prisoners from Uttar Pradesh's Meerut jail to be released amid COVID-19 surge |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/nearly-280-prisoners-from-uttar-pradeshs-meerut-jail-to-be-released-amid-covid-19-surge-2360108.html |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Pakistani]] writer, linguist and critic Syed Qudrat Naqvi was a denizen of Abdullapur, his famous books are [[Ghalib]] kaun hai, Asaas-i-Urdu, Ghalib-i-sad rang, Seerat-un-Nabi, Hindi-Urdu lughat, Mutal'a-i-Abdul Haq, Lisani maqalaat. He migrated to Pakistan after the [[partition of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parekh|first=Rauf|date=2017-12-12|title=Syed Qudrat Naqvi and his research on Ghalib|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1376001|access-date=2020-08-16|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Urdu Books of Syed Qudrat Naqvi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/authors/syed-qudrat-naqvi/ebooks|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Rekhta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=ZAIDI|first=ALI JAWAD|date=1965|title=URDU|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23329150|journal=Indian Literature|volume=8|issue=2|pages=133–143|jstor=23329150 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100px">
Kot Masjid Abdullapur Meerut.jpg|400 years old Kot Masjid, Abdullapur Meerut [[File:Sayyed_Asgar_Hussain’s_Imambara_2.jpg|thumb]]Zamindar Sayyed Asgar Hussain’s Imambara, Abdullapur
Abdullapur, Eidgah.jpg|Eidgah Abdullapur
Azmat Manzil Abdullapur Meerut.jpg|Azmat Manzil was built by Zamindar Syed Azmat Ali Naqvi, Abdullapur Meerut
Shakir Mahal Abdullapur.jpg|Shakir Mahal of Zamindar Syed Shakir Ali Naqvi, Abdullapur Meerut
52 Dari of Syed Shamsher Ali Naqvi.jpg|52 dari was built by Zamindar Syed Shamsher Ali Naqvi, Abdullapur Meerut
Screenshot 20220408-090300 Instagram.jpg|The ruined Mosque inside Syed Shakir Ali Naqvi's Graveyard Hazzere, Abdullapur Meerut
Sayyed Tomb, Abdullapur Meerut.jpg|The Tomb and Mosque of Zamindar Syed Sayyed Mohammad Naqvi, Abdullapur Meerut
Screenshot 20220224-105139 Instagram.jpg|Pir Syed Sher Ali Naqvi's Mosque, Tomb and Well, Abdullapur Meerut
Screenshot 20220224-105146 Instagram.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further sources==
* ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976'', p. 561. Election Commission, India, 1976
* ''Directory of Cities and Towns in India'' (ed. Om Parkash Sharma, Dy. Dir. of Census Operations). Kar Kripa Publishers, 1989
* ''Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Meerut'' (text & suppl.), p. 469. Government of Uttar Pradesh, 1965

==External links==
*[https://www.mdameerut.in/authorised-colonies.php Meerut Development Authority: approved colonies in Abdullapur]

[[Category:Villages in Meerut district]]

Gopalaswami Parthasarathy (diplomat)

2025-08-26T10:36:19Z

Bihar:

{{short description|Indian journalist and diplomat (1912–1995)}}
{{For|the Indian diplomat who is a former High Commissioner to Australia and Pakistan, and author|Gopalaswami Parthasarathy}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Gopalaswami Parthasarathi
| image = File:Gopalaswami Parthasarathi 1912-1995.jpg
| office = [[Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations]]
| term_start = August 1965
| term_end = December 1968
| predecessor = [[B. N. Chakrvarthy]]
| successor = [[Samar Sen (diplomat)|Samar Sen]]
| office2 = [[ President of the United Nations Security Council ]]
| term_start2 = September 1967
| term_end2 = October 1967
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|7|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]] [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1995|8|1|1912|7|7}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| occupation = journalist, educationist, diplomat
}}
'''Gopalaswami Parthasarathi''' (7 July 1912 – 1 August 1995), often known simply as '''GP''', was an Indian journalist, educationist, and diplomat who served as [[Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations|Permanent Representative to the United Nations]] from August 1965 to December 1968.

He was the son of [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]], a civil servant in the [[Madras Presidency]] who later became [[Diwan Bahadur]] of [[Kashmir]], a member of the [[Constituent Assembly]], and a minister in the first cabinet of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref name=revelation>[http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/remembering-gp-the-gentle-colossus/article3610515.ece Remembering GP the gentle colossus], in ''[[The Hindu]]''; published 7 July 2012; retrieved 25 April 2016</ref>

==Early life and education==
Parthasarathi was the youngest of four children, and the only son of Komalam and Gopalaswami Ayyangar. He studied in the P.S. High School, Madras, and attended [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College]], Madras, graduating with a Bachelor honours degree in economics in 1932. He then went to [[Wadham College]], [[Oxford]] and obtained a Master of Arts Honours degree in modern history, in 1934.<ref name="Prasad">{{cite book|last1=Prasad H.|first1=Y. Sharada|title=G.P.-The Man and His Work: A Volume in Memory of G. Parthasarathi.|date=1998|publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|page=3 |oclc=39986034}}</ref>

==Sportsman==
G.P. was a skilled sportsman and cricketer and participated in [[Ranji Trophy]] tournaments for many years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gopalaswami Parthasarathi |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32678.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref> A versatile cricket player, and an excellent legspin googly bowler, he played 11 matches for [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Madras]] between 1936 and 1943, including a match against Tennyson's XI in 1937–38. He was a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association|Madras Cricket Association]] and served as the Vice President. Under his captaincy, the Mylapore Recreation Club won the championship two consecutive years. After his retirement he served as a State cricket team selector and was involved in the development of the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association.<ref>"G.P. and sports", ''[[The Hindu]]''. 4 August 1995.</ref> He was also an excellent Hockey player and played center-half in his college days. He also played collegiate level tennis. At Oxford, he was a double university blue in cricket and hockey.<ref>Prasad 1998, p. 3-4</ref>

==Personal life==
While he was a student in [[Madras]] (now Chennai), G. P. met [[Subur Parthasarathy|Subur Mugaseth]], a student of English literature belonging to the [[Parsi]] community. They met later again in England and got married in 1939. Subur was a teacher of English at the [[Queen Mary's College, Chennai|Queen Mary's College]] in Madras. She later became the First Principal of the [[Ethiraj College for Women]] in Madras from 1948 to 1949 & 1950-1952 and was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1961. Their only son, [[Ashok Parthasarathi]], was born in 1940.<ref>Prasad 1998, p.5</ref> Ashok (1940-2019), like his father, served under Indira Gandhi as her science and technology advisor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/author/1152|title = Ashok Parthasarathi. the Caravan}}</ref>

==Journalist==
G.P. was a renowned journalist. After passing the Barrister of Law examinations in 1936, he joined [[The Times of London]] as an apprentice. Soon after, he returned to India and began his journalism career as an editorial staff member of [[The Hindu]] at a time when the newspaper began to expand coverage on international affairs. Several articles on foreign affairs that appeared to be anonymous have been attributed to his authorship.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gps-contribution-to-journalism-recalled/article4023548.ece GP's contribution to journalism recalled], in ''[[The Hindu]]''; published 23 October 2012; retrieved 10 June 2016</ref> In 1949, G.P. was appointed the first representative of the [[Press Trust of India]] in London. In 1952 he returned to Bombay as chief editor of the Press Trust of India until 1954 and was a member of its board of directors until 1975.<ref>Prasad 1998 p.5</ref>
In 1980, the Government of India constituted a 14-member advisory committee for restructuring the media organizations, formulating policies, and promoting innovative programming in order to enrich cultural identity and enhance national integration. G. Parthasarathi was appointed chairman of this committee. His ties with journalism strengthened even during the height of his diplomatic career and continued throughout his life.<ref>"14 member panel for restructuring Govt. media", ''[[The Hindu]]''. 29 November 1980.</ref>

==Diplomatic career==
Following a successful career as a journalist, G. Parthasarathi was pitchforked into the world of politics by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1954. Nehru recognized his talents in diplomacy and requested his help in Indo-China. G.P resigned from his post in the PTI and relocated to [[Indo-China]] for 3 years. He was the government's man for resolving sticky issues and played a significant role in India's foreign relations.
He served as the Chief Commissioner of the [[International Control Commission]] set up to monitor the [[1954 Geneva Conference|Geneva Accords]], first in [[Cambodia]] and then in [[Vietnam]].
He was a distinguished diplomat whose career spanned six decades involving challenging political assignments especially in war-stricken Cambodia and Vietnam. His next posting was Indian Ambassador in [[Indonesia]] in January 1957 following which he was posted to [[Peking]] in 1958 as Indian Ambassador to [[China]] and Mongolia for a period of 3 years.<ref>Prasad 1998 p.6</ref> He was appointed High Commissioner to Pakistan in 1962.<ref>"Indian Envoy to Pakistan: G. Parthasarathi Appointed", ''[[The Hindu]]''. 12 October 1962.</ref>
In September 1965, G.P was appointed Permanent Ambassador of India to the [[United Nations]] until 1969. During his assignment in New York, he served as chairman of the United Nations Committee on Contributions in 1966, a ten-member Committee which advised the General Assembly on apportionment of the U.N. expenditure among members and their scale of assessments.<ref>"U.N. Committee on Contributions", ''[[The Hindu]]''. 8 September 1966.</ref> He served as India's Permanent Delegate to the [[United Nations Security Council]] in 1967 and 1968. He was President of the Security Council in 1967 and chairman of the Security Council Sanctions Committee on [[Rhodesia]] from September to December 1968. Even after his return to India in 1969, he continued to be involved with the United Nations serving first as trustee of the [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research]] (UNITAR) from 1970 to 1979, and then as an elected member of the executive board of [[UNESCO]] for four years from 1972 to 1976. As chairman of the Indo-US Sub-Commission on Education, Culture and Science, and the Indo-Soviet Joint Commission on Social Sciences, he contributed substantially to programs in education, science, culture, media, and communication. He also served as a member of the Scientific Council of the [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] (SIPRI).<ref>Prasad 1998 p.10-11</ref>

G.P. dealt with international and domestic problems. He was the architect of the Indira-Sheikh Accord under which [[Sheikh Abdullah]] returned to power in 1975. G.P, arguing on behalf of Indira Gandhi, persuaded Beg, the representative of Sheikh Abdullah, that Kashmir was an integral part of India. The accord covered many salient issues such as the applicability of Article 370 to Jammu and Kashmir and the extension of Central Laws to the State. Above all, it ruled out plebiscite in Kashmir which was G.P's fundamental achievement.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/role-played-by-gp-in-indirasheikh-accord-lauded/article5287228.ece Role played by 'G.P.' in Indira-Sheikh Accord Lauded], in ''[[The Hindu]]''; published 29 October 2013; retrieved 3 June 2016</ref> In 1982, he led a delegation of social scientists to Peking and began talks to settle the dispute with China on security and border issues. His political assignments included on-going negotiations with Sri Lanka and [[Nepal]]. He tried to resolve the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict in Sri Lanka in 1983-84 when Indira Gandhi appointed him as her personal envoy to Sri Lanka. Upon discussions with the leaders of the [[Tamil United Liberation Front]] (TULF), he prepared a document which, at that time, was the basis for all future negotiations with Sri Lanka. His twin objectives were to maintain the unity, sovereignty and integrity of the island and, at the same time, guarantee the safety, security, economic and social well-being of the Tamil population in the northern and eastern provinces. Indira Gandhi's untimely death prevented a peaceful resolution to the conflict, but G.P laid the foundations to a friendly compromise. He continued his involvement in the ethnic conflict with Sri Lanka even during Rajiv Gandhi's reign.<ref>Sampanthan, R. "A Dear Diplomat Remembering G. Parthasarathi, from Sri Lanka." ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]''. 22 Sept. 1995: 135-36</ref> He played a crucial role in the signing of the [[Mizo Accord]] on 30 June 1986 thereby ending insurgency in the northeast state of [[Mizoram]]. He developed trust with the Mizo National Front leader, [[Laldenga]], and convinced him to reject the path of violence. The accord has held to this day as Mizoram remains one of the most peaceful and stable states in the northeast of India.<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/g-parthasarathi-s-role-in-historic-mizo-accord-recalled-113091700847_1.html G.Parthasaraty's Role in Historic Mizo Accord Recalled], in ''[[Business Standard]]'', published 17 September 2013; retrieved 25 April 2016</ref>
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi considered G.P her principal foreign policy adviser and he continued to hold this position even during Rajiv Gandhi's tenure as prime minister. He established a strong foothold with the Reagan and Thatcher administrations and with developing countries like [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Indonesia]].<ref>Prasad 1998 p.13-14</ref> In August 1984, he was appointed chairman of the Policy Planning Committee in the Ministry of External Affairs with the rank of Cabinet Minister to assist and advise the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, in the country's foreign relations. He had previously served in this position during 1975–77 with the rank of Minister of State, but during his reappointment, he functioned as a de facto Foreign Minister referring only high policy matters to the Prime Minister.<ref>"Cabinet rank post for Parthasarathi", ''[[The Hindu]]''. 5 August 1984.</ref>

==Educationist==
G.P. made several contributions to higher education. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi requested G.P. to serve as the first vice-chancellor of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi]] which opened in 1969, a position he held for five years. He established the foundation for the intellectual, academic and physical quality of the institution. JNU with its multi-disciplinary programs focusing on basic and applied sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities was India's first institution of its kind. He also founded the UN University of Japan and was a member of its council.<ref>Prasad 1998 p.24</ref>

G.P was comfortable dealing with student radicalism. Largely due to his efforts, JNU was the first university in India to establish a highly participative, broad-based and democratic student union thus leading to a dynamic student movement on its campus. G.P accepted the student union's demand for a democratic admission policy thereby enabling students of diverse socio-economic backgrounds to enter the university.
G.P was appointed chairman of the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]] (ICSSR) in August 1980 during Indira Gandhi's tenure as Prime Minister. He oversaw a chain of social science research institutions across the country and raised the level of academics. He founded the Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) and elevated the status of mass communication to a social science.<ref>Karat, Prakash. "As Vice-Chancellor, JNU." ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'' 25 Aug. 1995: 128.</ref>
G.P was also a writer and edited the five-volume Jawaharlal Nehru's Letters to Chief Ministers.<ref>Prasad p.48</ref> and was co-editor of the Nehru Centenary Volume and the Indira Gandhi Commemorative Volume<ref>Prasad 1998 p.16</ref>
G.P. died in New Delhi on 1 August 1995 at the age of 83.<ref name="revelation" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parthasarathi, Gopalaswami}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Indonesia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to China]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Mongolia]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Permanent representatives of India to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Journalists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Oxford University cricketers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]

Bhagwandas Sabnani

2025-08-24T08:07:17Z

Bihar: Stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim Assembly constituency|Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim]]
| image = Bhagwandas Sabnani (1).jpg
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[P. C. Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Bhagwandas Sabnani''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhopal Dakshin Paschim Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Bhopal Dakshin Paschim Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/bhopal-dakshin-paschim-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhopal Dakshina Pashchim assembly election results 2023: Bhopal Dakshina Pashchim Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-dakshina-pashchim-assembly-result-12152 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sabnani, Bhagwandas}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Valankulam Lake

2025-07-24T12:56:39Z

Bihar: put up initial stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Lake in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}

'''Valankulam Lake''' is one of the [[lake]]s in [[Coimbatore]], [[South India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Parthiban |first1=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkFNDwAAQBAJ&dq=Valankulam+Lake&pg=PT121 |title=Sustainability in Fashion and Apparels: Challenges and Solutions |last2=Srikrishnan |first2=M. R. |last3=Kandhavadivu |first3=P. |date=2018-02-21 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-351-18585-1 |language=en}}</ref> It is situated between [[Trichy Road, Coimbatore|Trichy Road]] and Sungam [[Bypass (road)|bypass road]] connecting with [[Ukkadam]] A [[railway track]] connecting [[Coimbatore Junction]] and [[Podanur]] passes over the lake. Various birds including [[little grebes]] and [[purple moorhen]] can be seen in this lake.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Valankulam Lake at Sunset.jpg|Valankulam Lake at Sunset
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|10|59|30.1|N|76|58|19.8|E|type:waterbody_region:IN-TN|display=title}}

[[Category:Lakes of Coimbatore]]

{{Coimbatore-geo-stub}}

Vidyapati (film)

2025-07-10T02:52:39Z

Bihar: further fixed information per standard format also and cleaned formatting

#REDIRECT [[Vidyapati (1937 film)]]

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{{R from move}}
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R. P. Rastogi

2025-05-16T13:41:00Z

Bihar: Created new details...

{{Short description|Indian scientist and academic administrator}}

{{EngvarB|date = November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University
| order = 17th
| image = Raghunath Prasad RP Rastogi.jpg
| appointer = [[Zail Singh]]
| predecessor = [[Iqbal Narain]]
| successor = [[C.S. Jha]]
| alma_mater = [[Lucknow University]]
| term_start = 30 April 1985
| term_end = 29 April 1991
}}

'''Raghunath Prasad Rastogi (R.P. Rastogi)''' (born 1926) was a [[Scientist|chemical scientist]] and academic administrator. He was the 17th [[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]] for 6 years from 1985 to 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-13 |title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N75-0651 |access-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113083143/http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N75-0651 |archive-date=13 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-23 |title=History of BHU |url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/history1.htm |access-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184751/http://www.bhu.ac.in/history1.htm |archive-date=23 September 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Rastogi obtained from the [[Lucknow University]] B.Sc., M.Sc. and PhD in 1946, 1948, and 1952 respectively.<ref name=":0" /> Hes pecialised in [[Non-equilibrium thermodynamics]], [[Rocket propellant|Rocket propellant chemistry]].<ref name=":0" />

He died on 8 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नहीं रहे रसायन शास्त्री प्रो. आरपी रस्तोगी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/story-professor-rp-rastogi-passes-away-1892845.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rastogi, R.P}}
[[Category:Indian scientists]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University people]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]