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Inter-State Bus Terminal, Raipur

2026-05-05T06:59:39Z

Bhupendra: Done

{{Short description|Bus terminal in Chhattisgarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Inter State Bus Terminal, Raipur
| map_type = India Chhattisgarh#India
| map_dot_label = ISBT Raipur
| map_size = 250
| coordinates = {{coord|21.22|81.630556|type:landmark_region:IN-CG|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = अंतरराज्यीय बस टर्मिनल, रायपुर ISBT Bhatagaon आई.एस.बी.टी. भाठागांव
| other_name = ISBT Ravanbhantha ISBT Tikrapara ISBT Mathpara
| symbol =
| symbol_location =
| type = [[Bus stand]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption = ISBT Aerial view
| address = In front of Neelkantheshwar Dham, Ravanbhatha, [[Raipur]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
| borough =
| country = India
| elevation =
| owned = [[Dudhadhari temple|Dudhadhari Math Trust]] [[Government of Chhattisgarh]] [[Raipur Municipal Corporation]]
| manager = [[Government of Chhattisgarh]] [[Raipur Municipal Corporation]]
| operator = [[Government of Chhattisgarh]] [[Raipur Municipal Corporation]]
| transit_authority =
| line =
| distance = 5 km from [[Raipur Junction]] 16 km from [[Swami Vivekananda Airport]]
| bus_routes =
| bus_stands = 1
| bus_operators = 10+
| connections =
| structure =
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| architect =
| architectural_style = [[Bus terminus]] [[Bus stand]]
| status = Active
| code =
| iata =
| zone =
| classification =
| website = http://www.cgtransport.gov.in/ https://nagarnigamraipur.nic.in//
| opened = {{Start date|2021|11|15|df=y}}
| opening =
| closed = 
| rebuilt =
| former =
| original =
| pregroup =
| postgroup =
| prenational =
| years =
| events =
| passengers = 7000+ (2024)
| pass_system =
| pass_year = Total
| pass_percent =
| pass_rank = 1st (in [[Central India|Central]] and [[Eastern India|Eastern]])
| services = Parking, Shops, Food Courts, Hotels, Lounge, Waiting Room
| mapframe =
| mapframe-stroke-color = #C60C30
| mapframe-marker = station
| mapframe-marker-color = #1F2F57
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shri Balaji Swami Trust Sri [[Dudhadhari temple|Dudhadhari Math]] Inter State Bus Terminal''', locally known as '''ISBT Bhatagaon''', is a newly constructed hi-tech bus terminal situated on 25 acres in the Ravanbhata–Bhatagaon area of [[Raipur]], [[Chhattisgarh]]. It is the first [[Inter-State Bus Terminals|ISBT]] in Chhattisgarh and the [[Inter-State Bus Terminals|largest bus station]] in [[Central India]], with a capacity to handle 300 buses daily, offering a range of facilities to passengers.

The terminal serves as an Interstate Bus Terminal, providing bus services to passengers from neighboring states such as [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Jharkhand]].
The primary purpose of constructing this terminal was to replace the [[Minimata Agam Dass Guru]] Bus Stand in Pandri, which had been causing traffic congestion and safety concerns. The new terminal, located on the outskirts of [[Raipur|Raipur City]], aims to alleviate these issues.

The ISBT Bhatagaon was inaugurated by Chhattisgarh Chief Minister [[Bhupesh Baghel]] on 20 August 2021. The terminal became operational on 15 November 2021, aligning with the occasion of [[Prabodhini Ekadashi|Devotthan Ekadashi]]. Following its opening, the 28-year-old Pandri Bus Stand was permanently closed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-17|title=Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT), Raipur, Raipur, chhattisgarh, India|url=https://indiasthan.com/place/chhattisgarh/31798/inter-state-bus-terminal-isbt-raipur|access-date=2021-11-01|website=indiasthan.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT), Raipur in the city Raipur|url=https://in.worldorgs.com/catalog/raipur/shipping-company/inter-state-bus-terminal-isbt-raipur|access-date=2021-11-01|website=in.worldorgs.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|author=Cherrupreet Kaur|date=9 Feb 2017|title=hi-tech ISBT in capital: Construction on hi-tech ISBT in capital to begin this month {{!}} Raipur News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/construction-on-hi-tech-isbt-in-capital-to-begin-this-month/articleshow/57054796.cms|access-date=2021-11-01|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISBT Raipur! नए अंतरराज्यीय बस टर्मिनल की खासियत, जिसका सीएम भूपेश ने किया लोकार्पण|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/chhattisgarh/state/raipur/facilities-at-isbt-raipur-new-interstate-bus-terminal/ct20210822175825112|access-date=2021-11-02|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=एक हफ्ते तक टल सकती है पंडरी बस स्टैंड की ISBT में शिफ्टिंग, पहले होगा बसों का ड्राई रन, अधिकारियों के साथ बैठक के बाद कलेक्टर ने लिया फैसला|url=https://www.ibc24.in/chhattisgarh/shifting-of-pandri-bus-stand-to-isbt-may-be-postponed-for-a-week-first-the-dry-run-of-buses-664451.html|access-date=2021-11-11|website=IBC24 News : Chhattisgarh News, Madhya Pradesh News, Chhattisgarh News Live, Madhya Pradesh News Live, Chhattisgarh News In Hindi, Madhya Pradesh In Hindi|language=hi}}</ref>
<ref>{{Citation|title=Raipur News: Inter State Bus Terminal 15 November से शुरु {{!}} ISBT के संचालन का आदेश जारी|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k05gAUErxoM|language=en|access-date=2021-11-13}}</ref>

== Area ==
The area is made on 25 acres land of [[Dudhadhari temple|Dudhadhari Mandir, Raipur]] at the outskirts of Raipur City, the bus stand is located In front of Sri Har Nilkantheshwar Dhaam, a famous Shiv Temple in Raipur.

== Foundation laying, construction, inauguration and opening ==
The foundation stone laying ceremony for terminal was done by Chief Minister [[Bhupesh Baghel]] in the year 2019. The construction were done by [[Raipur Municipal Corporation|Raipur Nagar Nigam]] and [[Government of Chhattisgarh]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

=== Construction ===
The ISBT planned with a central building (G+4) providing transportation and commercial services. The surrounding to the building, the circulation has been planned which includes the services such as commercial, parking, diesel pump and other supporting facilities. The ground floor of the building will provide services for the commuters accessing the ISBT. Services like ticketing counters, waiting lobby, food counter, cloak room etc. are all planned at the ground floor for the ease of commuters. Along with these services, RUPTS proposes ATM vending machines at the Ground floor of ISBT. The Location for these ATMs are at right in the centre and close to the entrance of the building making them highly visible to the commuters and other common public. The location for the proposed ATMs’ have been highlighted in red colour in the drawing below. Each ATM has been allocated a space of approx.100 sq.fts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5|url=https://nagarnigamraipur.nic.in//Document/rmctender-ATM_ISBT_EoI.pdf}}</ref>

=== Inauguration ===

After 2 years, Government of Chhattisgarh decided to inaugurate the terminal on 23 August 2021, on the Occasion of Bhupesh Baghel's Birthday but it preponed to 20 August as of Rajiv Gandhi Birthday, former Prime Minister of India and a senior Congress Leader.<ref>{{Cite web|title=isbt raipur inauguration|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/raipur/news/inauguration-of-new-bus-stand-school-and-water-sewage-plant-in-raipur-bhupesh-baghel-cm-will-inaugurate-128833733.html}}</ref>

=== Opening ===
After some days of Inauguration, the terminal wasn't started and the trial was scheduled to one week later of inauguration. But the Main Road for Connecting Terminal & Ring Road (Bhatagaon Chowk) was damaged as of Construction. After 1.5 Months the road was ready but due to the festive season the trial again postponed. Finally after Diwali, a three-day trial was scheduled from 10 November to 13 November 2021 which ordered by Raipur Collector Saurabh Kumar and the trial was successful. Now, Raipur Administration ordered to closed Pandri Stand by 15 November and the new stand will operated from 15 November. Between 13 and 14 November all shops and Buses shifted to ISBT and after 28 years Minimata Bus Stand, Pandri closed. At 6 am of 15 November 2021 on [[Prabodhini Ekadashi|Devotthan Ekadashi]] the first bus depaurted from the ISBT.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Controversies ==
There have been many disputes in the Terminal, the first dispute was between Dudhadhari Math Trust and the Government of Chhattisgarh, they were demanding for ownership of all shops in the terminal which was refused by the Government of Chhattisgarh and it was the main problem for the inauguration of terminal but was solved by May 2021. The other controversies are political disputes between [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and [[Indian National Congress|INC]]. The last dispute was that the Terminal has been inaugurated but the services of all buses haven't started which was planned by 15 September but not done, the reason given by Government of Chhattisgarh is that the roads aren't ready so after roads will prepared and the buses will start. On this issue, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and other political parties keep besieging the state government from time to time. A three-day dry run or trial of buses on the ISBT was between 10 and 13 November 2021 and finally after 2 months of inauguration from 15 November 2021, the management for ISBT started and the old Pandri Stand closed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-16|title=ISBT Raipur: विवादों में अंतरराज्यीय बस टर्मिनल, दो साल से लोकार्पण का इंतजार|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/chhattisgarh/raipur-isbt-raipur-cg-interstate-bus-terminal-in-controversy-inauguration-delayed-for-two-years-cgpg-3696448.html|access-date=2021-11-02|website=News18 Hindi|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=अंतर राज्यीय बस स्टैंड चार माह से बनकर तैयार, बसों की आवाजाही के लिए रोड ही नहीं बना|url=https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/isbt-raipur-cg-5766499/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Patrika News|language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ISBT Raipur: लोकार्पण के एक माह बाद ही ISBT में बसों की आवाजाही हो पाएगी शुरू|url=https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/chhattisgarh-interstate-bus-terminal-will-be-inaugurated-on-august-23-7011832/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Patrika News|language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-09|title=One Week Late for Shifting Pandri Stand|url=https://www.ibc24.in/chhattisgarh/shifting-of-pandri-bus-stand-to-isbt-may-be-postponed-for-a-week-first-the-dry-run-of-buses-664451.html|access-date=2021-11-11|website=IBC24 News : Chhattisgarh News, Madhya Pradesh News, Chhattisgarh News Live, Madhya Pradesh News Live, Chhattisgarh News In Hindi, Madhya Pradesh In Hindi|language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Transport in Raipur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Raipur]]
[[Category:Bus stations in Chhattisgarh]]

Beleghata metro station

2026-05-04T08:45:00Z

Bhupendra:

{{Short description|Metro station in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Beleghata
| other_name = Metropolitan
| system = [[Kolkata Metro]]
| style = Kolkata Metro
| image = Beleghata metro station.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| image_caption = Main entrance
| symbol = m
| symbol_location = kolkata
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.55070|N|88.40409|E|display=title,inline}}
| operator = [[Metro Railway, Kolkata]]
| line = {{rint|Kolkata|Orange}}
| address = [[Beleghata]], Metropolitan, [[Dhapa, India|Dhapa]] [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] 700105
| country = India
| structure = Elevated
| platform = 2 (2 [[side platforms]])
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{Start date and age|2025|08|22|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Ajanta |title=Rail Vikas Nigam Limited plans 4 km extension from Ruby Metro to Beliaghata by puja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rvnl-plans-4km-extension-from-ruby-metro-to-beliaghata-by-puja/articleshow/98076538.cms |access-date=11 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=22 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222025527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rvnl-plans-4km-extension-from-ruby-metro-to-beliaghata-by-puja/articleshow/98076538.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| accessible = Yes {{Access icon}}
| status = Operational
| code = KBGA
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjstn|system=Kolkata Metro|line=Orange|left=Barun Sengupta
|line2=Orange|type2=(Future service)|left2=Barun Sengupta|right2=Gour Kishore Ghosh|to-right2=Jai Hind}}
| route_map = {{Kolkata Metro Orange Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Kolkata Metro|Orange Line}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Beleghata''' (also known as '''Metropolitan'''), is a metro station of [[Orange Line (Kolkata Metro)|Orange Line]] of the [[Kolkata Metro]] located in [[Beleghata]] at [[Biswa Bangla Sarani]], [[Dhapa, India|Dhapa]] of [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], serving Beleghata and Metropolitan areas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abbas |first1=Ajmal |title=First phase of Kolkata Metro's Orange Line all set for launch; covers Kavi Subash to Hemanta Mukherjee in 7 minutes |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/kolkata/first-phase-of-kolkata-metros-orange-line-all-set-for-launch-covers-kavi-subash-to-hemanta-mukherjee-in-7-minutes-article-97438188 |access-date=11 March 2023 |work=TimesNow |date=30 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130090911/https://www.timesnownews.com/kolkata/first-phase-of-kolkata-metros-orange-line-all-set-for-launch-covers-kavi-subash-to-hemanta-mukherjee-in-7-minutes-article-97438188 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2024-03-30 |title=Kolkata Metro: CCRS Inspects Beleghata-Hemanta Muk. Stretch - Metro Rail News |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/kolkata-metro-ccrs-inspects-beleghata-hemanta-muk-stretch/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Kinsuk |title=Metro Railway accuses state government of non-cooperation; government refutes claim |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/metro-railway-accuses-state-government-of-non-cooperation-government-refutes-claim/cid/2010151 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref> The station is elevated beside the [[Eastern Metropolitan Bypass]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRIAL RUN FOR TRAFFIC DIVERSION NEAR BELEGHATA METRO STATION STARTED |date=22 August 2023 |url=https://ibgnews.com/2023/08/22/trial-run-for-traffic-diversion-near-beleghata-metro-station-started/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Trial run for traffic diversion near Beleghata Metro started |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=22 August 2023 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/trial-run-for-traffic-diversion-near-beleghata-metro-started-1503214330.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-20 |title=Rail Vikas Nigam Limited plans 4 km extension from Ruby Metro to Beliaghata by puja |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rvnl-plans-4km-extension-from-ruby-metro-to-beliaghata-by-puja/articleshow/98076538.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2023-08-23 |title=Kolkata Metro: GM Reviews Orange Line's Kavi Subhas to Airport Stretch |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/kolkata-metro-gm-reviews-orange-lines-kavi-subhas-to-airport-stretch/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Location ==
This station is located in [[Beleghata]] across the [[service road]] and [[footpath]] on the eastern side of [[Biswa Bangla Sarani]].<ref name="news18.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-30 |title=Beleghata-Ruby Section of Kolkata Metro Undergoes Inspection, Here's Why |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/beleghata-ruby-section-of-kolkata-metro-undergoes-inspection-heres-why-8833331.html |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mtp.indianrailways.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3096&did=168397124068709B2CE64133D36799B20E6EA8937647B |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Shreya |date=2024-04-26 |title=Kolkata Metro: From Stations To Trial Runs, Here's All About The Ruby-Beleghata Stretch |url=https://curlytales.com/kolkata-metro-from-stations-to-trial-runs-heres-all-about-the-ruby-beleghata-stretch/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref> The main [[elevated railway|elevated]] structure of the station is situated along the [[service road]] and [[footpath]] adjacent to the [[New Garia]]-bound [[lane]] of [[Biswa Bangla Sarani]] near the end of [[Maa Flyover]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata Metro: বাইপাসের উপর 'প্রায় তৈরি' নয়া মেট্রো স্টেশন, কবে জুড়বে গড়িয়া-এয়ারপোর্ট রুট? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/kolkata/story/the-construction-work-of-barun-sengupta-metro-station-of-orange-line-is-going-on-in-full-swing-sud-677055-2023-09-12 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata Metro conducts trial runs on Orange Line from Ruby Crossing to Beleghata {{!}} Metro Rail Today |url=https://metrorailtoday.com/news/kolkata-metro-conducts-trial-runs-on-orange-line-from-ruby-crossing-to-beleghata |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-09 |title=Metro block after Bypass trial chaos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/metro-block-after-bypass-trial-chaos-kolkata-new-gariaairport-metro-link-phase-ii-faces-hurdle/articleshow/107540508.cms |access-date=2024-05-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is geographically located at {{Coord|22.550703|N|88.404094|E}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-20 |title=Rail Vikas Nigam Limited plans 4 km extension from Ruby Metro to Beliaghata by puja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rvnl-plans-4km-extension-from-ruby-metro-to-beliaghata-by-puja/articleshow/98076538.cms |access-date=2024-05-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4070&did=17143762246340D15827FAAADA9E5517F4EE6F80DEFA8 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4064&did=17140251317437768F60C8D515587F9939298F2F0E5D5 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref> The previous station of the station is [[Barun Sengupta metro station]] at a distance of {{cvt|0.9|km}} and the next station is [[Gour Kishore Ghosh metro station]] at a distance of {{cvt|1.7|km}}.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2024-04-30 |title=Kolkata Metro Conducts Trial Runs On New Orange Line Stretch - Metro Rail News |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/kolkata-metro-conducts-trial-runs-on-new-orange-line-stretch/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=Kolkata Metro Update: Trial runs to commence on extended Orange line from Ruby Crossing to Beleghata |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-kolkata-metro-update-trial-runs-to-commence-on-extended-orange-line-from-ruby-crossing-to-beleghata-3468541/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MPost |date=2024-03-30 |title=Min & Kolkata Police refute Metro's claim of non-cooperation from state |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/min-kolkata-police-refute-metros-claim-of-non-cooperation-from-state-557962 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Beleghata metro station 05.jpg|thumb|Beleghata metro station]]
This project was sanctioned in the budget of 2010–11 by [[Mamata Banerjee]] with a project deadline of six years.<ref name="airport_link_station_names">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110208/jsp/calcutta/story_13549408.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213055942/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110208/jsp/calcutta/story_13549408.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 February 2011|title=Rail set to take over East-West|date=8 February 2011|work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> The execution of this project has been entrusted to RVNL at a cost of Rs 3951.98 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Seven projects meant to change the face of Calcutta are entangled in a web of land politics and pandering. Metro explores the tunnel vision" |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/stuck/cid/1287657 |website=Telegraph india}}</ref> It will help to reduce travel time between the southern fringes of [[Kolkata]] to [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]]. In October 2011, [[RVNL]] awarded [[Gammon India Limited]], the tender for the construction of the [[Kolkata Metro|metro]] corridor from [[VIP Bazar metro station|VIP Bazar Metro Station]] to [[Nicco Park|Nikko Park]] ([[Nalban metro station]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=বরুণ সেনগুপ্ত মেট্রো স্টেশনের নির্মাণ কাজ তুঙ্গে, অন্দরমহলটা দেখে নিন |url=https://eisamay.com/photo-gallery/news/kolkata-metro-new-garia-airport-metro-corridor-barun-sengupta-metro-station-construction-work-update/photoshow/105019644.cms |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Eisamay |date=6 November 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-30 |title=Kolkata Metro Update: Chief Commissioner of Railway Safety inspects Beleghata-Ruby section |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-kolkata-metro-update-chief-commissioner-of-railway-safety-inspects-beleghata-ruby-section-3441185/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> including stations, as part of Package-II of Orange Line.<ref name="millenniumpost.in">{{Cite web |last=MP |first=Team |date=2024-03-29 |title=Chief Commissioner of Rly Safety inspects Beleghata to Hemanta Mukhopadhyay (Ruby) stretch |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/chief-commissioner-of-rly-safety-inspects-beleghata-to-hemanta-mukhopadhyay-ruby-stretch-557851 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref> Amongst those metro stations, one near Beleghata was also sanctioned.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Details of tenders/contracts |url=https://www.rvnl.org/en/DetailsofContractsAwarded/20130814175604_Kolkata_upto_August-13.pdf |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319185621/https://www.rvnl.org/en/DetailsofContractsAwarded/20130814175604_Kolkata_upto_August-13.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Road Ahead….. Projects sanctioned" |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,1,304,375,379 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="airport_link_station_names" /> In January 2012, the construction of the metro station along with the metro line started.<ref name="millenniumpost.in"/> The construction of the station was stopped in 2015 due to land dispute at Tagore Park [[culvert]] and a pair of its own [[Foot Over Bridge|footover bridges]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="Construction of VIP Bazar station begins after two years" |url=https://ebela.in/state/work-begins-on-vip-bazar-metro-station-after-two-years-1.614294}}</ref> The construction of the station started again in May 2017.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-03-12 |title=Airport-New Garia Metro: Site visit next week to bridge VIP Bazar gap |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/airport-new-garia-metro-site-visit-next-week-to-bridge-vip-bazar-gap/articleshow/98574252.cms |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-19 |title=Man electrocuted at construction site |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/man-electrocuted-at-construction-site-in-kolkata-38-year-old-subrata-biswas-suffers-burn-injuries/articleshow/107806404.cms |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title=শেষের মুখে কলকাতা মেট্রোর আরও ১ স্টেশনের কাজ! ভিতরটা কেমন হল? রইল 'ফার্স্ট লুক' |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/ritwik-ghatak-metro-station-new-garia-to-airport-metro-new-station-work-near-completation-watch-first-pictures-31695888787928.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329172725/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/ritwik-ghatak-metro-station-new-garia-to-airport-metro-new-station-work-near-completation-watch-first-pictures-31695888787928.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=মেট্রোর পথ করতে নোনাডাঙায় সরছে পুরোনো ভিআইপি বাজার |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/for-metro-turminal-old-vip-market-will-bo-move-on-nonabazar/articleshow/57231236.cms |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Eisamay |date=19 February 2017 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":324">{{Cite news |date=2024-03-27 |title=CRS check till Metropolitan: No Ruby ops on Thurs, Fri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/crs-check-till-metropolitan-no-ruby-ops-on-thurs-fri/articleshow/108802191.cms |access-date=2024-03-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-15 |title=Kolkata: Pipe bridge lifted out of Metro alignment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/pipe-bridge-lifted-out-of-metro-alignment/articleshow/76968240.cms |access-date=2024-03-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> But the metro couldn't be started due to a viaduct gap over Tagore Park culvert.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-29 |title=Ritwik Ghatak Metro Station: ঋত্বিক ঘটক মেট্রো স্টেশনের কাজ শেষ পর্যায়ে, ফাস্ট লুকেই হাঁকাল ছক্কা! » Najarbandi 24X7 |url=https://najarbandi.in/ritwik-ghatak-metro-station-first-look-is-out/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=najarbandi.in |language=bn-BD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-03 |title=Hanging bridge on Bypass solves Metro problem at Tagore Park |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/hanging-bridge-on-bypass-solves-metro-problem-at-tagore-park/articleshow/104929776.cms |access-date=2024-03-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

A week later after inauguration and a day after commercial run started on [[Kavi Subhash metro station|Kavi Subhash]]-[[Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station|Hemanta Mukhopadhyay]] section, in March 2024, RVNL announced the completion of that 76 m viaduct gap after construction of a single-span hanging [[steel]] [[bridge]] over the disputed Tagore Park [[culvert]].<ref name="millenniumpost.in"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-04-25 |title=Kolkata Metro to start trial runs along Ruby-Beleghata stretch |url=https://theprint.in/india/kolkata-metro-to-start-trial-runs-along-ruby-beleghata-stretch/2056732/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> This completed the viaduct upto Beleghata metro station, clearing the way for commercial operations at this station.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Traffic starts moving along Tagore Park western flank |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/tagore-park-kolkata-traffic-movement-resumes-after-5-months/articleshow/108505984.cms |access-date=2024-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata Metro Orange Line Expands for Beleghata: Trials Start - TimesProperty |url=https://timesproperty.com/news/post/kolkata-metro-orange-line-trial-runs-to-commence-soon-blid7387 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=timesproperty.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=2024-04-01 |title=Blame game between Kolkata Metro, city police over Orange Line delays |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/blame-game-between-kolkata-metro-city-police-over-orange-line-delays-1503285690.html |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> Trial runs have started in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-26 |title=Kolkata Metro: Trial Runs Begin For Seamless Commutes From Ruby Crossing To Beleghata |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/kolkata-metro-trial-runs-begin-for-seamless-commutes-from-ruby-crossing-to-beleghata-8867577.html |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mtp.indianrailways.gov.in"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3334&did=1692708586555E75309F9BB4747D5E73DE781222F4DA3 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

By November 2024, for the Beleghata station and the stretch from [[Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station|Hemanta Mukhopadhyay]] till [[IT Centre metro station]] to be inaugurated, construction of safety limit of {{cvt|90|m}} metro viaduct beyond the station is completed.<ref name="millenniumpost.in"/> The station was opened on 22 August 2025 as a part of [[Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station|Hemanta Mukhopadhyay]]–Beleghata [[Kolkata Metro Line 6|Orange Line extension]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-12 |title=‘Efforts on to open 3 new metro lines next week’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/efforts-on-to-open-3-new-metro-lines-next-week/articleshow/123264233.cms |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> However, the footover bridge is yet to be connected from both side of road, as RVNL didn't received traffic clearances for its construction from [[Kolkata Police]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway rues delay in getting NOC from police for construction work near Beleghata station |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/metro-railway-rues-delay-in-getting-noc-from-police-for-construction-work-near-beleghata-station/cid/2010062 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3996&did=17121381255023BAED7EC7641FFB90D2EFCF0AFD4AD15 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref> On the other hand, filling a {{cvt|366|m}} gap between Chingrighata crossing and [[Gour Kishore Ghosh metro station]] and construction of Gour Kishore Ghosh, [[Nalban metro station|Nalban]] and [[IT Centre metro station]] is yet to be completed.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

== Station ==
[[File:Kolkata metro line 6 tour 11.jpg|thumb|Beleghata metro station]]

===Structure ===
Beleghata Metro Station is an elevated metro station and has a total of 3 levels. Station entrances and exits begin or end at the first level or [[Ground floor|ground level]]. Second-level or L1 or intermediate level houses station [[fare control]], station agents, metro [[Ticket machine|vending machines]], crossovers, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3960&did=1711434226034173F1A0F14BC36381633091FEA2E7CD6 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref> The third level or L2 or the final level houses the [[Railway platform|platforms]] and [[Railway track|rail tracks]]. The station is 200 meters long and 25 meters wide.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Ritwik Ghatak Metro Station: ঋত্বিক ঘটক মেট্রো স্টেশন চোখ ধাঁধানো, কাজ প্রায় শেষ, কেমন হল? দেখুন |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/kolkata/story/kolkata-metro-hrithik-ghatak-metro-station-eye-catching-work-is-almost-over-how-is-it-see-rjk-685778-2023-09-28 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3992&did=1711705985825C7F8E308EB2F708BB6DF82E6DE4BEFCF |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

The station has four entrances and exits. The station is being built with [[State of the art|state-of-the-art]] technology. In addition to staircases, it will be equipped with [[Elevator|lifts]] and [[escalator]]s. The station also has [[drinking water]] and [[toilet]] facilities.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=নিউ গড়িয়া-বিমানবন্দর মেট্রো করিডোরে বড় খবর, নতুন স্টেশনের ছবি দেখুন |url=https://eisamay.com/photo-gallery/news/kolkata-metro-new-garia-airport-corridor-ritwik-ghatak-metro-station-work-almost-complete/photoshow/104012175.cms |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Eisamay |date=28 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

===Layout ===
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
!style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]], Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|←}} Alighting only →
|-
| height=45|'''Platform 2'''
| ← Train towards {{ltl|Kolkata Metro|orange|left}} ({{stl|Kolkata Metro|Barun Sengupta}})
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]], Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}}}
|-
!style="vertical-align:top"|'''L1'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Concourse
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro QR ticket vending machines, crossover
|-
!style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

== Power and signal systems ==
Like other stations and lines of [[Kolkata Metro]], this station has 750 volt [[Direct current|DC]] [[DC motor|powered]] [[third rail]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-28 |title=Kolkata Metro update: Authorities conduct trial runs on extended Orange line from Ruby Crossing to Beleghata – Details inside |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-kolkata-metro-update-authorities-conduct-trial-runs-on-extended-orange-line-from-ruby-crossing-to-beleghata-details-inside-3470555/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> The [[electricity system]] will be used to operate the train.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MP |first=Team |date=2024-04-29 |title=Trial run by Metro from Hemanta Mukhopadhyay (Ruby) to Beleghata |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/trial-run-by-metro-from-hemanta-mukhopadhyay-ruby-to-beleghata-561928 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref>

Train movement at this station will be managed by [[CBTC|communication based train control signaling]] system. With this signal system, trains can be operated at intervals of 90 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-03-29 |title=Beleghata-Ruby section of Kolkata Metro undergoes inspection |url=https://theprint.in/india/beleghata-ruby-section-of-kolkata-metro-undergoes-inspection/2020383/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of Kolkata Metro stations]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Metro|orange line=yes}}

[[Category:Kolkata Metro stations]]
[[Category:Proposed railway stations]]

Razakar

2026-05-02T13:18:14Z

Bhupendra:

{{Short description|Loanword from Arabic used in the subcontinent}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
'''Razakar''' (رضا کار) is etymologically an [[Farsi]] word which literally means volunteer. The word is also common in [[Urdu]] language as a [[loanword]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Razakar - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Razakar |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref>

==In Pakistan and India==
{{Main|Razakar (Pakistan)|Police Qaumi Razakars|Razakars (Hyderabad)}}
[[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]] were an [[East Pakistan]]i [[paramilitary]] force that aided the [[Pakistan Army]] against the [[Mukti Bahini]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icsforum.org/library/files/420_GovernmentofEastPakistan1971.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235644/http://www.icsforum.org/library/files/420_GovernmentofEastPakistan1971.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-04 }}</ref>

[[Police Qaumi Razakars]] are a volunteer force in Pakistan which aids the Police in their duties.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE PUNJAB QAUMI RAZAKARS ORDINANCE, 1965|url=http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/192.html|website=Punjab Laws|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Faisal|first1=Muhammad|title=Failure to check corruption: Police mull razakar force abolition|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/790176/failure-to-check-corruption-police-mull-razakar-force-abolition|access-date=6 January 2015|publisher=The Dawn|date=4 March 2014}}</ref>

In Hyderabad, [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] were volunteers sponsored by the [[Hyderabad State|Nizam's state of Hyderabad]] for opposition to its [[Operation Polo|merger with India]].<ref>Moraes, Frank, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mumbai: Jaico. 2007, p.394</ref>

==In Bangladesh==
[[File:Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Speaks at Press Conference Ganabhaban Dhaka July 14 2024 (PID-0007231).jpg|thumb|At this press conference on 14 July 2024, former Prime Minister of Bangladesh [[Sheikh Hasina]] linked the quota reform protesters to Razakars, drawing sharp criticism and further escalating the unrest that ultimately culminated in her [[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|resignation.]]<ref>{{cite news |title=পত্রিকা (১৫ই জুলাই): 'তাহলে কি রাজাকারের নাতিপুতিরা পাবে- কোটা আন্দোলনকারীদের প্রধানমন্ত্রী |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/cp68w004219o |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=BBC News বাংলা |date=15 July 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahmud |first1=Faisal |title=Sheikh Hasina: A critical misstep and the end of 15 years ruling Bangladesh |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/5/sheikh-hasina-a-critical-misstep-and-the-end-of-15-years-of-rule |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>]]
In [[Bangladesh]] and in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], the term "Razakar" refers to individuals who opposed the [[Independence of Bangladesh|country's independence]] and collaborated with the [[Pakistani Army]] during the [[1971 Liberation War]]. It is a [[pejorative]] term, often equated to "traitor" or the biblical figure of [[Judas Iscariot]]. The term originates from the [[East Pakistan]]i paramilitary force, the [[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakars]].<ref name=Mookherjee>{{cite book|last=Mookherjee|first=Nayanika|title=Traitors: Suspicion, Intimacy, and the Ethics of State-Building|year=2009|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-4213-3|editor=Sharika Thiranagama, Tobias Kelly|page=49}}</ref>

However, during the [[premiership of Sheikh Hasina]], the term "Razakar/Rajakar" was predominantly used by the [[Awami League]] and its supporters as a [[synonym]] for "traitor." It was used to describe individuals who supported Pakistan or opposed the [[India-Bangladesh relations|India's foreign policies on Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06 |title=Protests in Bangladesh: the reasons for the rage |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240806-why-has-bangladesh-been-consumed-by-a-month-of-protests |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, the term resurfaced when it was used against [[2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement|protesters]] opposing the [[Quota system of Bangladesh Civil Service|quota system]]. During the broader [[July Revolution (Bangladesh)|July Revolution]] in July 2024, many of these protesters adopted "[[Razakar slogans]]" to counter the [[Fifth Hasina ministry|Hasina administration]]’s labeling of them as "Razakars".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ruma |first=Paul |date=July 15, 2024 |title=Bangladesh students clash in job quota protests, at least 100 injured |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/bangladesh-students-clash-job-quota-protests-least-100-injured-2024-07-15/ |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-14 |title=Thousands of quota protesters take to streets as campuses across the country come alive with slogans |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/quota-reform-protesters-gathering-du-ju-campuses-899561 |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Bengali words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]

Detective Karthik

2026-04-26T01:16:29Z

Bhupendra: starting basic article v1!

{{Short description|2023 Indian Telugu-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Detective Karthik
| image =Detective Karthik.jpg
| caption = Detective Karthik Poster
| director = Venkat Narendra
| writer = Venkat Narendra
| producer = Ashok Reddy Tatiparthi, Pardhu Reddy
| starring = Rajath Raghav, Goldie Nissy, Abhilash Bandari, Shruti Chandran, Anusha Nuthula, Hasini Rai, Madee M
| cinematography = Siddam Naresh
| editing = Carthic Cuts
| music = Marcus M
| studio = Reading Lamp Creations, One Media Et Pvt Ltd
| distributor = One Media Et Pvt Ltd
| released = {{Film date|2023|07|21|df=y}}
| runtime = 115 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Detective Karthik''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[thriller film]] Produced by Ashok Reddy Tatiparthi<ref>{{Cite web |last=tfpc.in |date=14 July 2023 |title=Impressive Detective Karthik trailer, movie will release on the 21st July |url=https://tfpc.in/impressive-detective-karthik-trailer-movie-will-release-on-the-21st-july/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=TFPC |language=en-US}}</ref> and co-produced By Pardhu Reddy under the banner of Reading Lamp Creations and One Media Et Pvt Ltd. Directed and written by Venkat Narendra,<ref>{{Cite web |title=డిటెక్టివ్ కార్తీక్.. ఈ నెల 21న విడుదల |url=http://www.zeecinemalu.com/news-gossip/detective-karthik-based-on-a-murder-mystery-releases-on-21st-of-this-month-209840/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=zeecinemalu.com |language=en}}</ref> it starred Rajath Raghav, Goldie Nissy, Abhilash Bandari, Sruthymol, Anusha Nuthula, Hasini Rai,and Madee. The score was composed by Marcus M. ''Detective Karthik'' was theatrically released on 21 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Detective KarthikUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/detective-karthik/movieshow/101924674.cms |access-date=23 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Impressive Detective Karthik Trailer, movie will release on the 21st July |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/article/impressive-detective-karthik-trailer-movie-will-release-on-the-21st-july |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=Telugu Times - USA NRI Telugu News Telugu News Papers In USA |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Rishitha, a brilliant high school student, is murdered. Private detective Sandhya and her assistant Pallavi lead the investigation. Meanwhile, Karthik, who has a crush on Sandhya, decides to follow her around and discovers that Sandhya has been missing for three days. Karthik takes on the murder case, believing it is connected to Sandhya's disappearance. After twists and turns, he closes the murder case but is unable to locate Sandhya. He takes a different approach and begins deducing Sandhya's disappearance from a different angle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=డీవీ |title=డిటెక్టివ్ కార్తీక్ ఎలా ఉందొ తెలుసా - రివ్యూ |url=https://telugu.webdunia.com/telugu-cinema-news/do-you-know-how-detective-karthik-is-review-123072100013_1.html |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=telugu.webdunia.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* Rajath Raghav
* Goldie Nissy
* Abhilash Bandari
* Shruti Mol
* Anusha Nuthula
* Hasini Rai
* Madee M

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Detective Karthik
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Marcus M
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2 June 2023
| recorded = 2022–2023
| venue =
| studio = Reading Lamp Creations
| genre =
| length = 9:14
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = Mango Music
| producer = Marcus M
}}
{{Track listing
| all_music = Marcus M
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Naa Bujji Bangaaru
| note1 =
| length1 = 3:20
| lyrics1 = Phani Krishna Sankepally
| extra1 = Kamala Manohari
| title2 = Kanule Tadisi
| note2 =
| length2 = 2:37
| lyrics2 = Aravind Chebolu
| extra2 = Vamsidhar TKVM
| title3 = Chikattlo Dochesthuna
| note3 =
| length3 = 3:17
| lyrics3 = Aravind Chebolu
| extra3 = Siddiq Ansari
| total_length = 9:14
}}

== Reception==
A critic from ''[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]'' wrote that the film is an impressive crime thriller.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=Detective Karthik: 'డిటెక్టివ్ కార్తీక్' మూవీ రివ్యూ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/detective-karthik-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1703620 |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "Director Venkat Narendra makes wise story and character choices, addressing relevant issues today’s youth face".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/detective-karthik-movie-review-intriguing-murder-mystery-79520 |title=‘Detective Karthik’ movie review: Intriguing Murder Mystery |date=26 July 2023 |website=thehansindia.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{imdb title|28327244|Detective Karthik}}
* [https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/detective-karthik/ET00364704 Detective Karthik] at Book My Show

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]

Aanchal Kumar

2026-04-26T00:49:46Z

Bhupendra: done...

{{Short description|Indian actress and model (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
'''Anchal Kumar''' is an Indian actress, super-model, influencer, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of [[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest]] and represented India at Miss Intercontinental 1999.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1999-03-29 |title=Anchal Kumar and John Abraham win Glad Rags Mega Model & Manhunt contest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19990329-anchal-kumar-and-john-abraham-win-glad-rags-mega-model-manhunt-contest-780531-1999-03-28 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> She has also acted in Bollywood films [[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]] and [[Bluffmaster!]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-26 |title=Did you know Shark Tank India judge Anupam Mittal's wife Aanchal Kumar was a contestant in Bigg Boss 4? Here's all you need to know about the model |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-shark-tank-india-judge-anupam-mittals-wife-aanchal-kumar-was-a-contestant-in-bigg-boss-4-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-model/photostory/92252404.cms |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Aanchal Kumar
| image = File:Aanchal kumar chivas bash.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Aanchal kumar chivas bash
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|10|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], [[India]]
| alias =
| hometown =
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater ={{hlist|[[St. Stephen's School, Chandigarh|St. Stephen's School]]|[[Mithibai College]]}}
| occupation =[[Actress]], [[model (person)|Model]]
| years_active =
| height =1.72 m <ref name=":3" />
| hair_color =
| eye_color =
| title =[[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest|Gladrags Megamodel 1999]]
| competitions = [[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest|Gladrags Megamodel 1999]] Miss Intercontinental (Semi-finalist)
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Anupam Mittal]]|2013}}
| domestic_partner =
| children = 1
| website =
| signature =
}}

==Early life and education==
Aanchal was born on 24 October 1979, in [[Chandigarh]], [[India]].<ref name=":2" /> She attended [[St. Stephen's School, Chandigarh|St. Stephen's School]] in Chandigarh, and later graduated from [[Mithibai College]] in [[Mumbai]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Bhavya |title=Who Is Anchal Kumar? Model Married To Shark Tank India's Judge Anupam Mittal |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/who-is-anchal-kumar-model-married-to-shark-tank-indias-judge-anupam-mittal/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=www.shethepeople.tv |language=en}}</ref> She began modeling at the age of sixteen after being discovered by the ABCL during a nationwide hunt.<ref name=":2" />

==Career==
Anchal began her career at the age of 17 with ad commercials and soon established herself as a model in the late 1990s and early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-26 |title=Did you know Shark Tank India judge Anupam Mittal’s wife Aanchal Kumar was a contestant in Bigg Boss 4? Here's all you need to know about the model |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-shark-tank-india-judge-anupam-mittals-wife-aanchal-kumar-was-a-contestant-in-bigg-boss-4-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-model/photostory/92252404.cms |access-date=2025-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> At 20, she won her first beauty pageant, the sixth [[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest]] held in 1999. She went on to represent India at the international contest, the Miss Intercontinental pageant, which was held in Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shark Tank India: फिल्मी हसीना से कम नहीं शार्क टैंक जज अनुपम मित्तल की वाइफ, PICS में देंखे ग्लैमर |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/business/photo-gallery-shark-tank-india-judge-anupam-mittal-wife-anchal-kumar-glamorous-photos/1517968 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-16 |title=Three top models speak about life and fashion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fashion/three-top-models-speak-about-life-and-fashion/article8483482.ece |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Tribune...Saturday Plus Head |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov13/saturday/head15.htm |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

Since winning Gladrags 1999, Anchal continued modeling and also appeared in minor roles in many Hindi films, such as [[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]] and [[Bluffmaster!]].<ref name=":3" /> She represented several major brands, including [[Sunsilk]] and [[Bombay Dyeing]].<ref name=":3" /> In 2007, she received the Best Female Model of the Year Award at the Bollywood Fashion & Music Awards held in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].<ref name=":3" />

She has appeared in numerous music videos, including Aaina, Mukhra Tumahra, Dupatta Tera Satrang Da, Back in Bed, and Blind and The Holy Rollers. Aanchal has appeared on TV shows, winning the celebrity segment of the quiz show ''[[Baazi Kiski]]'' on [[Zee TV]]. She has also appeared as a contestant on the Hindi reality show Bigg Boss 4 (2010), hosted by [[Salman Khan]], where she remained for around six weeks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-02-03 |title=Shark Tank India judge Anupam Mittal's wife Anchal Kumar was a contestant in Salman Khan hosted Bigg Boss 4; here's all you need to know about her |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shark-tank-india-judge-anupam-mittals-wife-anchal-kumar-was-a-contestant-in-salman-khan-hosted-bigg-boss-4-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-her/photostory/89316333.cms |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Who is Aanchal Kumar, The Wife of Shark Tank India Judge Anupam Mittal? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/who-is-aanchal-kumar-the-wife-of-shark-tank-india-judge-anupam-mittal-4720688.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-04 |title=A Decade Of Love: 'Shark Tank India's Anupam Mittal's Cute Couple Goals As He Celebrates 10th Wedding Anniversary With Anchal Kumar |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/a-decade-of-love-shark-tank-india-s-anupam-mittal-s-cute-couple-goals-as-he-celebrates-10th-wedding-anniversary-with-anchal-kumar-news-300266 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-01-28 |title=Television made me popular: Aanchal Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/television-made-me-popular-aanchal-kumar/articleshow/11651468.cms |access-date=2024-10-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-14 |title=Who is Anchal Kumar? Everything about 'Shark' Anupam Mittal's 'Bigg Boss contestant' wife |url=https://www.truescoopnews.com/newsdetail/who-is-anchal-kumar-everything-about-shark-anupam-mittals-ex-bigg-boss-contestant-wife |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.truescoopnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Yuvi's hot new girl, Anchal Kumar |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/2010/mar/30yuvis-hot-new-girl-anchal-kumar.htm |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Aanchal met [[Anupam Mittal]], the founder and CEO of People Group and [[Shaadi.com]], at an event.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-03 |title=Catwalk Star Anchal Kumar to Tie the Knot Tomorrow |url=https://www.missmalini.com/2013/07/3/catwalk-star-anchal-kumar-to-tie-the-knot-tomorrow |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=MissMalini |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-06-23 |title=Supermodel Anchal Kumar announces wedding |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/designers/supermodel-anchal-kumar-announces-wedding/articleshow/20456513.cms |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> After dating for seven years, the couple married on 4 July 2013, in a ceremony in Jaipur.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> They have a daughter named Alyssa Mittal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-16 |title=Former Bigg Boss contestant Aanchal Kumar shares an adorable picture of her baby girl |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/former-bigg-boss-contestant-aanchal-kumar-shares-an-adorable-picture-of-her-baby-girl/articleshow/63337233.cms |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Filmography==
*[[Bluffmaster!]]
*[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]

=== TV series ===
*[[Baazi Kiski]]
*[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 4|Bigg Boss]]

=== Music videos ===
*Aaina
*Mukhra Tumahra
*Dupatta Tera Satrang Da
*Back in Bed and Blind
*The Holy Rollers

== Awards and nominations ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Result
! Location
! Ref
|-
|1999
| ''[[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest]]''
|Model of the Year
| {{won}}
| Punjab
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1999
| ''Miss Intercontinental''
|
| Semi-finalist
| ''[[Germany]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-26 |title=Did you know Shark Tank India judge Anupam Mittal’s wife Aanchal Kumar was a contestant in Bigg Boss 4? Here's all you need to know about the model |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-shark-tank-india-judge-anupam-mittals-wife-aanchal-kumar-was-a-contestant-in-bigg-boss-4-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-model/photostory/92252404.cms |access-date=2025-08-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2007
|Bollywood Fashion & Music Awards
|Best Female Model of the Year
| {{won}}
|[[Atlantic City, New Jersey]]
|<ref name=":3" />
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm3128492}}

[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]

Sairang–Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express

2026-04-24T16:02:58Z

Bhupendra: stub

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{italic title}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = B22222
| name = Sairang - Anand Vihar Terminal ''Rajdhani Express''
| logo =
| image = Sairang rajdhani.jpg
| caption = Sairang - Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express Arrived At [[Bhagalpur Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Rajdhani Express]]
| status =
| locale = [[Mizoram]], [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[New Delhi]]
| first = * {{start date and age|2025|09|13|df=yes}} (Inaugural)
* {{start date and age|df=yes|2025|09|19}} (Commercial)
| last =
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR)]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Sairang railway station|Sairang]] '''(SANG)'''
| end = {{stnlnk|Anand Vihar Terminal}} '''(ANVT)'''
| stops = 20
| distance = {{convert|2515|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 42 hrs 20 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| trainnumber = 20507 / 20508
| line_used = *[[Bairabi–Sairang line|Bairabi–Sairang section]]
*[[Lumding–Sabroom section|Bairabi–Badarpur section]]
*[[Guwahati–Lumding section|New Haflong–Hojai section]]
*[[New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section]]
*[[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]]
*[[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line|New Jalpaiguri–Sahibganj section]]
*[[Patna–Mughalsarai section|Patna–Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya section]]
*[[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction – Kanpur section|Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya–Kanpur section]]
*[[Kanpur–Delhi section|Kanpur–Anand Vihar section]]
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| catering = On-board Catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| el =
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, 
{{convert|59|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| owners =
| sharing =
| map = {{Sairang Rajdhani Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The 20507 / 20508 '''Sairang–Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express''' is a [[Rajdhani Express]] train of [[Indian Railways]] that connects [[Sairang Railway Station|Sairang]] of [[Mizoram]] and [[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station|Anand Vihar Terminal]] of [[New Delhi]], the capital city of [[India]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vanlalruata |first=HC |date=9 September 2025 |title=Prime Minister Modi to inaugurate new Bairabi-Sairang railway line in Mizoram, enhancing connectivity |work=[[The Times of India]] |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mondal |first=Anish |date=1 June 2025 |title=New Delhi to Sairang (Aizawl) Rajdhani Express: Check distance, travel time, ticket price, time table, stoppages |work=[[ET Now]] |pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Pallav |date=9 September 2025 |title=अब दिल्ली से आइजोल दूर नहीं! रेलवे चलाएगा राजधानी एक्सप्रेस, जानिए पूरी डिटेल |work=[[NDTV]] |pages=2}}</ref>''

The train was inaugurated on 13 September 2025 by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] from [[Aizawl|Aizwal]], [[Mizoram]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Hafiz |date=10 September 2025 |title=जमालपुर, भागलपुर यात्रियों को मिलेगी एक और राजधानी एक्सप्रेस की सौगात |work=[[Hindustan]] |pages=1}}</ref>

== History ==
The '''Sairang–Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express''' is a premier train service that links the [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|northeastern]] state of [[Mizoram]] with the national capital, [[New Delhi]]. The train originates from [[Sairang Railway Station|Sairang]], located near [[Aizawl]], and terminates at [[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station|Anand Vihar Terminal]] in [[New Delhi|Delhi]]. It forms part of [[Indian Railways]]’ strategy to improve high-speed and long-distance connectivity for the [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|northeastern]] region, following similar Rajdhani services introduced from [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], and [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. The service gained significance after the [[Sairang Railway Station|Sairang railway station]] was developed as a key terminal in [[Mizoram]]. The train was inaugurated by the [[Prime Minister of India]] on 13 September 2025, reflecting the [[Government of India|government]]’s broader policy of enhancing integration of the [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|northeast]] with the rest of the country.<ref>News source about inauguration</ref> The train provides fully air-conditioned coaches, including First AC, Second AC, and Third AC, with [[catering]] and onboard services similar to other [[Rajdhani Express]] trains.

In addition to strengthening regional connectivity, the '''Sairang–Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express''' also symbolizes the first-ever direct [[Rajdhani Express|Rajdhani]] link for [[Mizoram]]. Until its launch, passengers from the state relied on railheads in [[Assam]] or [[Tripura]] to access long-distance [[Premium train|premium trains]]. The project gained momentum after the completion of the Bhairabi–[[Sairang Railway Station|Sairang railway]] line, which extended the rail network deep into [[Mizoram]]'s capital region.<ref>Source on Bhairabi–Sairang line completion</ref>

Notably, this service also marked the introduction of a new [[Rajdhani Express]] after a gap of nearly six years, making it a significant addition to the [[Indian Railways]] network.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kaidenworld.com/india-gets-a-rajdhani-train-after-six-years-aizawl-to-delhi-via-rail-is-possible-now/ |title=India gets a Rajdhani train after six years: Aizawl to Delhi via rail is possible now |website=Kaiden World |date=13 September 2025 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref>

== Timings ==
''20507 - Sairang | Friday ( 4:30 pm )''

''20508 - Anand Vihar Terminal | Sunday ( 7:50 pm )''

==Route and halts==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sr. No !! Up Train (20507 - Sairang → Anand Vihar Terminal) !! Arr !! Dep !! Day !! Down Train (20508 - Anand Vihar Terminal → Sairang) !! Arr !! Dep !! Day
|-
| 1 || SAIRANG || – || 16:30 || 1 || ANAND VIHAR TERMINAL || – || 19:50 || 1
|-
| 2 || BHAIRABI || 17:18 || 17:20 || 1 || KANPUR CENTRAL || 00:35 || 00:40 || 2
|-
| 3 || HAILAKANDI || 18:28 || 18:30 || 1 || PT. DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA JN. || 04:35 || 04:45 || 2
|-
| 4 || BADARPUR JN. || 19:40 || 19:50 || 1 || PATNA JN || 08:00 || 08:10 || 2
|-
| 5 || NEW HAFLONG || 21:50 || 21:52 || 1 || JAMALPUR JN || 11:05 || 11:10 || 2
|-
| 6 || HOJAI || 01:43 || 01:45 || 2 || BHAGALPUR || 12:25 || 12:30 || 2
|-
| 7 || GUWAHATI || 04:00 || 04:15 || 2 || SAHIBGANJ JN || 13:46 || 13:48 || 2
|-
| 8 || RANGIYA JN. || 05:13 || 05:15 || 2 || MALDA TOWN || 16:15 || 16:25 || 2
|-
| 9 || BARPETA ROAD || 06:00 || 06:02 || 2 || NEW JALPAIGURI || 19:35 || 19:45 || 2
|-
| 10 || NEW BONGAIGAON || 07:10 || 07:12 || 2 || NEW COOCH BEHAR || 21:55 || 22:05 || 2
|-
| 11 || NEW COOCH BEHAR || 08:45 || 08:55 || 2 || NEW BONGAIGAON || 00:10 || 00:12 || 3
|-
| 12 || NEW JALPAIGURI || 10:35 || 10:45 || 2 || BARPETA ROAD || 01:00 || 01:02 || 3
|-
| 13 || MALDA TOWN || 14:50 || 15:00 || 2 || RANGIYA JN. || 02:00 || 02:02 || 3
|-
| 14 || SAHIBGANJ JN || 16:53 || 16:55 || 2 || GUWAHATI || 03:20 || 03:35 || 3
|-
| 15 || BHAGALPUR || 18:10 || 18:15 || 2 || HOJAI || 05:43 || 05:45 || 3
|-
| 16 || JAMALPUR JN || 19:10 || 19:15 || 2 || NEW HAFLONG || 09:00 || 09:02 || 3
|-
| 17 || PATNA JN || 22:00 || 22:10 || 2 || BADARPUR JN. || 11:20 || 11:30 || 3
|-
| 18 || PT. DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA JN. || 01:20 || 01:30 || 3 || HAILAKANDI || 12:30 || 12:32 || 3
|-
| 19 || KANPUR CENTRAL || 05:30 || 05:35 || 3 || BHAIRABI || 13:44 || 13:46 || 3
|-
| 20 || ANAND VIHAR TERMINAL || 10:50 || – || 3 || SAIRANG || 15:15 || – || 3
|}
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.adanione.com/indian-railways/20508-anand-vihar-terminal-sairang-rajdhani-express-seat-availability |title=20508 Anand Vihar Terminal–Sairang Rajdhani Express Seat Availability |website=Adani One |access-date=2025-09-13}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://erail.in/train-enquiry/20507 |title=20507 Rajdhani Express Train Route |website=eRail |access-date=2025-09-13}}</ref>

==Coach composition==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Coach Type !! Code !! Quantity
|-
| Engine || ENG || 2
|-
| Luggage/Parcel Van || LPR || 2
|-
| First AC Tier || 1A || 1
|-
| Second AC Tier || 2A || 4
|-
| Third AC Tier || 3A || 12
|-
| Pantry Car || PC || 1
|}

==Traction==
Since its first inaugural run, the train was hauled by New Guwahati-based [[WDP-4D]]. Even route still not fully electrified completely done it was still hauled by [[WAP-7]] and [[WDP-4D]] end to end

== Rake reversal ==
The train will reverse 1 time with both directions:
# [[Badarpur Junction railway station|Badarpur Junction]]

==Accidents and incidents==
* '''20 December 2025:''' At around 2:17 am in [[Hojai district]] of [[Assam]] (Jamunamukh- Kampur section under the [[Lumding railway division|Lumding division]]), while the train was speeding at 100 km/h, it encountered a herd of around 100 elephants crossing the railway tracks. The locomotive pilot pressed the emergency brake but was unable to stop on time and hit the herd of elephants, resulting in the derailment of five coaches. Seven elephants were killed, and one was injured in this accident. However, no injuries to passengers were reported.<ref>{{cite news |title=7 elephants killed in Sairang-New Delhi Rajdhani Express derailment in Assam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/8-elephants-killed-after-being-hit-by-sairang-new-delhi-rajdhani-exp-in-assams-hojai-district-official/article70418597.ece |access-date=20 December 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=20 December 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam tragedy: Rajdhani Express hits herd of elephants, killing seven; five coaches, engine derail |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/assam-tragedy-rajdhani-express-hits-herd-of-elephants-killing-eight-five-coaches-engine-derail/articleshow/126087603.cms |access-date=20 December 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Ratnadip |title=5 Rajdhani Express Coaches Derail, 7 Elephants Killed After Collision In Assam |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/many-elephants-killed-by-rajdhani-express-in-assam-train-ops-hit-9852149 |access-date=20 December 2025 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Rajdhani Express]]
*[[Humsafar Express]]
*[[Duronto Express]]
*[[Sairang Railway Station|Sairang railway station]]
*[[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station]]

== Notes ==
a. Runs 1 day in a week.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sairang-Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express}}
[[Category:Rajdhani Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Assam]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]

Ranendra Pratap Swain

2026-04-20T09:43:00Z

Bhupendra: Put up the post first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ranendra Pratap Swain
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athagarh]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Ranendra Pratap Swain
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Ranendra Pratap Swain''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athagarh]] as a member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ranendra Pratap Swain Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=535 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Athagarh Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Ranendra Pratap Swain of BJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/athagarh-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917069.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha: 8-Time MLA Ranendra Pratap Swain Takes Oath As Pro-tem Speaker Of State Assembly |url=https://news.abplive.com/states/odisha-ranendra-pratap-swain-takes-oath-as-pro-tem-speaker-odisha-assembly-1695622 |website=ABP LIVE |publisher=ABP News Bureau |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=8-time MLA Ranendra Pratap Swain takes oath as Pro-tem Speaker of Odisha assembly |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/8-time-mla-ranendra-pratap-swain-takes-oath-as-pro-tem-speaker-of-odisha-assembly-1503309997.html |website=The Statesman |publisher=Bhubaneswar |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swain, Ranendra Pratap}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Masturi Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:06:13Z

Bhupendra: made entry - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Masturi
| mla = Dilip Lahariya
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Krishnamurti Bandhi
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| electors = {{formatnum:305620}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 32
| map_image = Masturi Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Masturi''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in| access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It is also part of [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/masturi.html Elections In]</ref>

Previously, Masturi was part of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] until the state of [[Chhattisgarh]] was created in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/7/bilaspur/masturi/yearwiseacdata.aspx#|title=Masturi, Bilaspur Assembly Elections - Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Constituency - Elections in Bilaspur|publisher=}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Ganeshram Amant
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Godil Prasad
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3" |Banshilal Ghritlahare
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Madan Singh Daharya
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Deo Charan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Madan Singh Daharya
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|rowspan="2" |Krishnamurti Bandhi
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Dilip Lahariya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|Krishnamurti Bandhi
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Masturi Election Result 2018 LIVE: Masturi MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia | url=https://www.oneindia.com/masturi-assembly-elections-cg-32/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517033701/https://www.oneindia.com/masturi-assembly-elections-cg-32/ | access-date=2025-06-30 | archive-date=2021-05-17}}</ref>
|[[Dilip Lahariya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Masturi<ref name=election2023/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Dilip Lahariya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 95,497
|percentage = 46.79
|change = +18.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Krishnamurti Bandhi|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=75,356|percentage=36.92|change=+0.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dauram Ratnakar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=15,583|percentage=7.64|change=-21.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dharamdas Bhargav|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=3,820|percentage=1.87|change=+1.30}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Laxman Tandan|party=Communist Party of India|votes=2,835|percentage=1.39|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sukhram Khute|party=Hamar Raj Party|votes=2,763|percentage=1.35|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chandni Bharadwaj|party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|votes=2,475|percentage=1.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=2,333|percentage=1.14|change=-0.70}}
{{Election box majority||votes=20,141|percentage=9.87|change=+5.95}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=204,084|percentage=66.78|change=-2.28}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Masturi<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 1 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Krishnamurti Bandhi
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67,950
|percentage = 36.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jayendra Singh Patle|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=53,843|percentage=28.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Dilip Lahariya]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=53,620|percentage=28.70|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hira Gandharw|party=Independent politician|votes=1,725|percentage=0.92|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=3,437|percentage=1.84|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,107|percentage=7.55|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=186,851|percentage=69.06|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]]
* [[List of constituencies of Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.99|82.27|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]

Palden Thondup Namgyal

2026-04-08T17:10:19Z

Bhupendra: Put up basic details initial version...

{{Short description|Chogyal of Sikkim from 1963 to 1975}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Palden Thondup Namgyal
| title = The 12th [[Chogyal]]
| image = Palden Thondup Namgyal.jpg
| caption = Palden Thondup Namgyal in 1971
| reign = {{nowrap|2 December 1963 – 10 April 1975}}
| succession = [[Chogyal of Sikkim]]
| coronation = 4 April 1965
| predecessor = [[Tashi Namgyal]]
| successor = ''Monarchy abolished''
| spouse = [[Samyo Kushoe Sangideki]] (1950–1957) [[Hope Cooke]] (1963–1980)
| issue = Prince Tenzing Kunzang Jigme Namgyal [[Wangchuk Namgyal|Prince Tobgyal Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal]] Princess Yangchen Dolma Namgyal Prince Palden Gyurmed Namgyal Princess Hope Leezum Namgyal Tobden
| house = [[Chogyal|Namgyal]]
| royal anthem =
| father = [[Tashi Namgyal]]
| mother = Kunzang Dechen
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|5|23}}
| birth_place = [[Gangtok]], [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1982|1|29|1923|5|23}}
| death_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| burial_place =
| religion = [[Buddhism]]
| module = {{infobox military person
|embed= yes
|allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Sikkim}}
|serviceyears = 1963 - 1975
}}
}}
'''Palden Thondup Namgyal''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OBE}} ([[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]]: {{bo-textonly|དཔལ་ལྡན་དོན་དྲུཔ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ}}; [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: ''dpal-ldan don-grub rnam-rgyal'') (23 May 1923 – 29 January 1982) was the 12th and last [[Chogyal]] (king) of the [[Kingdom of Sikkim]].

==Biography==
Palden Thondup Namgyal was born on 23 May 1923 at the Royal Palace, Park Ridge, [[Gangtok]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-12#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=42&xywh=-1091%2C133%2C4414%2C2835 |title=Birth of Palden Thondup Namgyal (Chogyal r.1965-1982), British Library, EAP 880/1/5/12 |year=1923 |location=Gangtok |pages=43 |language=Tibetan |chapter=Notice from Lobzang Choden Kazi announcing the birth of Palden Thondup Namgyal, 04 Jun 1923 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

At six, he became a student at [[St. Joseph's School, Darjeeling|St. Joseph's Convent]] in [[Kalimpong]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-30#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=40&xywh=-710%2C94%2C4180%2C2685 |title=Correspondence and reports regarding the education of the Princes and Princesses in Kalimpong, British Library, EAP 880/1/5/30 |year=1930 |location=Gangtok |pages=41 |chapter=Letter from Mother Clare, Superioress of St. Joseph's Convent (Kalimpong) to [[Mayeum Choying Wangmo Dorji|Princess Choni Wangmo Namgyal]] regarding the admission of Crown Prince Kunzang Paljor Namgyal, Palden Thondup Namgyal and Princess Pema Tsedeun Namgyal, 23 Sep 1930 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> but had to terminate his studies due to attacks of [[malaria]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-30#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=342&xywh=-153%2C468%2C2871%2C1844 |title=Correspondence and reports regarding the education of the Princes and Princesses in Kalimpong, British Library, EAP880/1/5/30 |year=1931 |location=Gangtok |pages=343 |chapter=Letter from Mother Clare, Superioress of St. Joseph's Convent (Kalimpong) to the Private Secretary regarding the withdrawal of Palden Thondup Namgyal from the school, 14 Nov 1931 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-30#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=348&xywh=-240%2C322%2C3386%2C2175 |title=Correspondence and reports regarding the education of the Princes and Princesses in Kalimpong, British Library, EAP 880/1/5/30 |year=1931 |location=Gangtok |pages=348–349 |chapter=Letter from Mother Clare, Superioress of St. Joseph's Convent (Kalimpong) to the Private Secretary regarding the health of Crown Prince Kunzang Paljor Namgyal, Palden Thondup Namgyal and Princess Pema Tsedeun Namgyal, 26 Nov 1931 |quote="I heard from out doctor that they had terrible cases of malignant malaria from Rangpo in the hospital the whole year round" |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> From age eight to eleven he studied under his uncle, Rimpoche Lhatsun, in order to be [[ordained]] a [[Buddhist monk]]; he was subsequently recognised as the reincarnated leader of both [[Phodong Monastery|Phodong]] and [[Rumtek]] [[monastery|monasteries]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2753600 |title=List of Chief and leading families in Sikkim, Bhutan and Tibet |publisher=Political Branch, Sikkim Agency Office |year=1939 |location=New Delhi |pages=23 |chapter=List of Chiefs and leading families in Sikkim: Sikkim Part I |quote="He is the abbot of the Phodang monastery and has received religious teaching from Lhatsun Rimpoche." |access-date=3 October 2022 |url-access=registration |via=[[National Archives of India]]}}</ref> He later continued his studies at [[St Joseph's College, Darjeeling|St. Joseph's College]] in [[Darjeeling]] and finally graduated from [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School]] in [[Shimla]], in 1941.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-32#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=198&xywh=-208%2C269%2C2977%2C1912 |title=Personal correspondence of Tashi Namgyal (Chogyal r.1914-1963) and his sons in Bishop Cotton School in Shimla, British Library, EAP 880/1/5/32 |location=Gangtok |pages=199 |chapter=Report cards of Palden Thondup Namgyal and Prince Jigdal Tsewang Namgyal, 13 Jun 1940 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> His plans to study science at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] were dashed when his elder brother, the crown prince, a member of the [[Indian Air Force]] was killed in a plane crash in 1941.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/flipbook/119286 |title=Progress Report of Maharaja Kunwar Paljor Namgyal, Eldest Son of the Maharaja of Sikkim under Training in the Air Force. Report of His Death in an Air Accident in Peshawar |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Branch 'X' |year=1941 |location=New Delhi |access-date=30 September 2022 |via=[[National Archives of India]]}}</ref> He underwent training for [[Indian Civil Service]] at Dehradun I.C.S. Camp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rustomji |first=Nari K. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/enchantedfrontie0000rust/page/20/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Enchanted Frontiers: Sikkim, Bhutan and India's North-Eastern Frontiers |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1971 |location=Bombay |pages=19–21 |chapter=First Contacts with Sikkim and Bhutan |access-date=3 October 2022 |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>

Namgyal served as adviser for internal affairs for his father, [[Sir Tashi Namgyal]], the 11th Chogyal, and led the negotiating team which established Sikkim's relationship to [[India]] after independence in 1949.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-6-22#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=15&xywh=805%2C846%2C2595%2C1667 |title=History of Sikkim and its rulers, British Library, EAP 880/1/6/22 |year=1967 |location=Gangtok |pages=16 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref> He married Samyo Kushoe Sangideki in 1950, a daughter of an important [[Tibet]]an family of Lhasa,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-72#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=2&xywh=-670%2C-49%2C4215%2C2707 |title=Marriage of Palden Thondup Namgyal (Chogyal r.1965-1982) to Princess Sangay Deki Namgyal, British Library, EAP 880/1/5/72 |publisher=Sikkim Government Press |year=1950 |location=Gangtok |pages=3 |chapter=Itinerary for the marriage ceremony of Palden Thondup Namgyal to Princess Sangay Deki Namgyal, 1950 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> and together they had two sons and a daughter. Samyo Kushoe Sangideki died in 1957.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Namgyal |first=Palden Thondup |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-1#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=6&xywh=78%2C1222%2C2182%2C1401 |title=Death of Princess Sangay Deki Namgyal, British Library, EAP 880/1/5/1 |year=1957 |location=Gangtok |pages=7 |chapter=Wireless message to Samdruphodrang in Tibet, 1957 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Koning en koningin van Sikkim (1966).jpg|thumb|King and Queen of Sikkim, 1966|260x260px]]
In 1963, Namgyal married [[Hope Cooke]], a 22-year-old American socialite from New York City;<ref>"Invitation card for the marriage of Palden Thondup Namgyal and Hope Cooke Namgyal (Gyalmo), 20 Mar 1963". ''[https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-52#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=38&xywh=-660%2C-125%2C3875%2C2488 Marriage of Palden Thondup Namgyal and Hope Cooke Namgyal (Gyalmo), British Library, EAP 880/1/5/52]''. Gangtok. 1963. p. 39. Retrieved 30 September 2022.</ref> she was a graduate of [[Sarah Lawrence College]] in [[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]] in the state of New York.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-1-301#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=21&xywh=118%2C287%2C2853%2C1832 |title=The King and Queen of Sikkim, an interview by Joshep Newman, British Library, EAP 880/1/1/301 |year=1964 |location=Gangtok |pages=20 |chapter=Television interview of Palden Thondup Namgyal and Hope Cooke Namgyal (Gyalmo) in WNEW-TV's "Under Discussion" |quote="Princess Hope, would you be very much surprised to hear that one of your professors said, before you graduated from Sarah Lawrence, that you had become a very distinguished authority on Buddhism." |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooke |first=Hope |url=https://archive.org/details/timechangeautobi00cook/page/52/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Time Change: An Autobiography |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1980 |location=New York |pages=52-60, 73-81 |isbn=978-0-671-41225-8 |access-date=1 October 2022 |url-access=registration}}</ref> The marriage brought worldwide media attention to Sikkim. The couple, who had two children, divorced in 1980.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 1980 |title=Former Queen of Sikkim seeks divorce |pages=2 |work=The Straits Times |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19800704-1.1.2 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>

Shortly after Namgyal's marriage, his father died and he was crowned the new Chogyal on an astrologically favourable date in 1965.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-165#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-884%2C-1%2C3959%2C2543 |title=Coronation of Palden Thondup Namgyal (Chogyal r.1965-1982), British Library, EAP 880/1/5/165 |year=1965 |location=Gangtok |pages=1, 3–8 |language= |chapter=Notes on the official coronation ceremony of Palden Thondup Namgyal as the twelfth ruler ascending the throne |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref> In 1975{{explain|date=August 2020}}, the Prime Minister of Sikkim appealed to the [[Indian Parliament]] for Sikkim to become a state of India.

In April of that year, the [[Indian Army]] took over the city of [[Gangtok]] and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. A [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|referendum]] on abolishing the monarchy was held in the Kingdom of Sikkim on 14 April 1975 and the people of Sikkim voted 59,637 to 1,496 for Indian statehood and the ouster of their Chogyal, or ruler, Palden Thondup Namgyal, who was under Indian army guard in his palace in Gangtok.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 16, 1975 |title=Sikkim Votes to End Monarchy, Merge With India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/16/archives/sikkim-votes-to-end-monarchy-merge-with-india.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

In November 1976, Namgyal allegedly attempted suicide by consuming barbiturates and was airlifted to [[IPGMER and SSKM Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/30/obituaries/palden-thondup-namgyal-deposed-sikkim-king-dies.html|title = Palden Thondup Namgyal, Deposed Sikkim King, Dies|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 30 January 1982|last1 = Krebs|first1 = Albin}}</ref> He was successfully treated by Professor Dr. Amal Kumar Bose, Head of the Department of Anesthesia and Respiratory Care Unit at the SSKM hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19761115-sikkim-chogyals-waning-hope-819431-2015-04-11|title = Sikkim: Chogyal's waning hope| date=11 April 2015 }}</ref>

Namgyal died of cancer at the [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]] in New York City, United States on 29 January 1982. He was 58 years old at the time of his death.<ref>{{cite news |title=Palden Thondup Namgyal, Deposed Sikkim King, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/30/obituaries/palden-thondup-namgyal-deposed-sikkim-king-dies.html |quote=The deposed King of Sikkim, Palden Thondup Namgyal, who had been undergoing treatment for cancer in New York, died last night from complications following an operation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He was 58 years old. A family spokesman said his body was to be flown home to Sikkim for the funeral. ... |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date= 30 January 1982 |access-date=17 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Densapa |first=J. T. |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-6-39#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-583%2C158%2C3782%2C2429 |title=Sikkim Durbar Gazette, British Library, EAP 880/1/6/39 |publisher=Sikkim Government Press |year=1982 |location=Gangtok |pages=1 |chapter=Notification on Palden Thondup Namgyal's death |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref> Upon his death, 31 members of the State Legislative Assembly offered ''[[khata|khadas]]'' to the Chogyal as a mark of respect.

===Other interests===
[[File:King and Queen of Sikkim and their daughter watch birthday celebrations, Gangtok, Sikkim (LOC ppmsca.30171).jpg|right|thumb|265x265px|King and Queen of Sikkim and their daughter watch birthday celebrations, [[Gangtok]], Sikkim in May 1971]]

Namgyal was an [[amateur radio]] operator, call-sign AC3PT, and was a highly sought after contact on the airwaves.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schenck |first=Bob |date=December 2020 |title=AC3PT Sikkim 1974- Amateur Radio's role in a World Event |url=https://simonthewizard.files.wordpress.com/2020/12/cq-amateur-radio-e2849612-december-2020-2.pdf |journal=[[CQ Amateur Radio]] |pages=92–95 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Essery |first=E. P. |date=June 1975 |title=Communication and DX News |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Short-Wave-UK/70s/SWM-1975-06.pdf |journal=The Short Wave Magazine |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=200 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Geerken |first=Horst H. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqhUdrlRDFUC&pg=PA288 |title=Der Ruf des Geckos: 18 erlebnisreiche Jahre in Indonesien |publisher=A BukitCinta Book |pages=288–295 |translator-last=McCann |translator-first=Bill |trans-title=A Gecko for Luck: 18 Years in Indonesia |chapter=Our Second House and Ham Radio Experiences |date=5 May 2015 |isbn=9783839152485 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-5-40#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=30&xywh=-324%2C233%2C3339%2C2144 |title=Telecommunications device gifted to Palden Thondup Namgyal (Chogyal r.1965-1982), British Library, EAP 880/1/5/40 |year=1963 |location=Gangtok |pages=30 |chapter=List of items shipped by Ack Radio Company, U.S.A. to Palden Thondup Namgyal, 15 Nov 1963 |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref> The international callbook listed his address as: P.T. Namgyal, The Palace, Gangtok, Sikkim.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutta-Ray |first=Sunanda K. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131331/page/n325/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Smash and Grab: The Annexation of Sikkim |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |year=1984 |location=New Delhi |pages=298 |chapter=Thumb Impression |author-link=Sunanda K. Datta-Ray |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>

He financed the documentary [[Sikkim (film)|''Sikkim'']] (1971) by Indian filmmaker [[Satyajit Ray]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Robinson|first=Andrew|title=Satyajit Ray: the inner eye|url=https://archive.org/details/satyajitrayinner00robi_0|url-access= registration|quote= Sikkim documentary -inpublisher:icon.|year=1989|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-06946-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/satyajitrayinner00robi_0/page/275 275]|chapter=26 Documentaries}}</ref>

==Legacy==

Namgyal shaped a "model Asian state" where the literacy rate and per capita income were twice as high as neighbours [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]] and [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/08/books/the-fairy-tale-that-turned-nightmare.html?pagewanted=2|title = The Fairy Tale That Turned Nightmare?|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 8 March 1981|last1 = Gray|first1 = Francine Du Plessix}}</ref>

His first son, the former crown prince Tenzing Kunzang Jigme Namgyal, died in 1978 in a car accident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/14/archives/tenzing-namgyal-prince-of-sikkim-he-liked-soccer-and-archery.html|title=Tenzing Namgyal, Prince of Sikkim|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 March 1978}}</ref> His second son from his first marriage, [[Wangchuk Namgyal|Tobgyal Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal]], was named the 13th Chogyal, but the position no longer confers any official authority.

His son from his second marriage, Palden Gyurmed Namgyal, moved to New York aged nine with his mother and sister, being educated at [[Dalton School]]. He would go on to work for [[JPMorgan Chase]], becoming a managing director. He was dismissed in 2003 following an incident of sexual harassment against a colleague.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/07/business/2-wall-st-firings-said-to-be-linked-to-harassment.html|title = 2 Wall St. Firings Said to Be Linked To Harassment|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 7 March 2003|last1 = McGeehan|first1 = Patrick}}</ref>

==Honours==
(ribbon bar, as it would look today)

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[File:Order_of_the_Precious_Jewel_of_the_Heart_of_Sikkim.gif|110px]]
|[[File:Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.svg|110px]]
|[[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg|110x110px]]
|[[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|110px]]
|-
|[[File:Ordre de l'Etoile Noire Commandeur ribbon.svg|110px]]
|[[File:King_Mahendra_Investiture_Medal_1956.gif|110px]]
|[[File:King Jigme Singye Investiture Medal 1974.gif|110px]]
|[[File:King Birendra Investiture Medal 1975.svg|110px]]
|}

*{{flag|Kingdom of Sikkim}}:
** [[File:Order_of_the_Precious_Jewel_of_the_Heart_of_Sikkim.gif|50px]] Order of the Precious Jewel of the Heart of Sikkim (Founder), ''September 1972''

*{{flag|India}}:
** [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]], ''22 February 1954''<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Padma Awards |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028182142/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=28 October 2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/1547186 |title=Conferment of a Military rank on Maharaj Kumar P.T. Namgyal, OBE of Sikkim. |publisher=Press Information Bureau |year=1954 |location=New Delhi |pages=7 |access-date=3 October 2022 |url-access=registration |via=[[National Archives of India]]}}</ref>

*{{flag|United Kingdom}}
** [[File:Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE), ''1 January 1947''
** [[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|50px]] [[Indian Independence Medal]], ''1948''

*{{flag|France}}
** [[File:Ordre de l'Etoile Noire Commandeur ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order of the Black Star]] (Commandeur), ''1956''

*{{flag|Nepal}}
** [[File:King_Mahendra_Investiture_Medal_1956.gif|50px]] King Mahendra Investiture Medal, ''2 May 1956''
** [[File:King Birendra Investiture Medal 1975.svg|50px]] King Birendra Investiture Medal, ''24 February 1975''

*{{flag|Bhutan}}
** [[File:King Jigme Singye Investiture Medal 1974.gif|50px]] King Jigme Singye Investiture Medal, ''2 June 1974''<ref>[http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/315/1/Coronation.pdf Final Programmes for The Coronation and The Silver Jubilee Celebration]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sikkim#History|History of Sikkim]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/33183728@N00/tags/chogyal/ Photos of Palden Thondup Namgyal]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Chogyal|House of Namgyal]]|23 May|1923|29 January|1982}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Tashi Namgyal]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chogyal|Chogyal of Sikkim]]|years=2 December 1963 – 10 April 1975}}
{{s-non|reason=Title abolished|reason2=Sikkim accession to India}}
{{s-pre|}}
{{s-new|reason=}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Chogyal|Chogyal of Sikkim]]|years=10 April 1975 – 29 January 1982|reason=Sikkim accession to India}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wangchuk Namgyal]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chogyals of Sikkim}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namgyal, Palden Thondup}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Buddhist monarchs]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Indian amateur radio people]]
[[Category:Amateur radio people]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton School Shimla alumni]]
[[Category:Exiled royalty]]

National Highway 363 (India)

2026-03-30T11:25:32Z

Bhupendra: made a post - done

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 363
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q56242135|title=National Highway 363|text= Map of National Highway '''363''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 94.6
| direction_a = South
| direction_b = North
| terminus_a = [[Mancherial]]
| terminus_b = [[Wankidi]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 63
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 63 
| next_route = 363 
| states = [[Telangana]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 363''', commonly referred to as '''NH 363''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/173303.pdf|title=New national highways notification dated Dec, 2016|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 63 (India)|National Highway 63]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-363 traverses the state of [[Telangana]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/188176.pdf|title=National highways in state of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref>

== Route ==

Indaram ([[Mancherial]]), [[Mandamarri]], [[Bellampalli]], [[Tandur, Mancherial district|Tandur]], Rebbana, [[Asifabad, Telangana|Asifabad]], [[Wankidi]] - Telangana/[[Maharashtra]] border.<ref name=":122" />

== Junctions ==
: {{jct|NH|63|country=IND}}
:{{jct|NH|363|country=IND}}
[[National Highway 63 (India)|NH63]] from [[Jagdalpur]] to [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] has been connected to '''NH363''' near Mancherial, where the construction of Trumpet Interchange has been undertaken.
: [[File:NH363 Mancherial Ring Road Interchange.jpg|thumb|NH363 Mncl Interchange]]Terminal near Mancherial.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== Notes ==
* In first notification for S.N. 194A, route Sironcha to Atmakur was named as NH 363.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2013/E_707_2013_014.pdf|title=New highways notification dated March, 2013|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref> This has been replaced as [[National Highway 353C (India)|NH 353C]] with extended route from Sakoli.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/160886.pdf|title=Notification for substitution of NH number and route for Sr Nr 194A dated 5th September, 2014|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 Aug 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/3871006 NH 363 on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH63 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Telangana]]

Dynasty

2026-03-29T18:20:35Z

Bhupendra:

{{Short description|Sequence of rulers considered members of the same family}}
{{About|the general concept of a line of rulers}}
{{Distinguish|Political dynasty}}
{{Redirect|Ruling family|other uses|Royal family}}
{{Redirect|Royal house|royal residences and headquarters|Palace|and|Royal household}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
[[File:The Imperial Family of Japan, 2021.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Family photograph of the [[Imperial House of Japan]], the world's oldest continuous royal dynasty since at least the [[5th century]], with three generations (from left): [[Empress Michiko]], [[Emperor Akihito]], their son [[Emperor Naruhito]] and his consort [[Empress Masako]], [[Crown Prince Akishino]] and [[Crown Princess Akishino]], and behind them their children (2021)|300x300px]]

A '''dynasty''' is a sequence of rulers from the same family,<ref>''English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|1st ed.}} "dynasty, ''n''." [[Oxford University Press]] (Oxford), 1897.</ref> usually in the context of a [[monarchy|monarchical]] system, but sometimes also appearing in [[republic]]s. A "'''house'''" is an imperial, royal or noble family, not always ruling.
Historians [[periodization|periodize]] the histories of many states and [[civilization]]s, such as the [[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – AD 1453), [[History of Iran|Imperial Iran]] (678 BC – AD 1979), [[Ancient Egypt]] (3100–30 BC), and [[History of China#Ancient China|Ancient and Imperial China]] (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned.

Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world were traditionally reckoned [[patrilineality|patrilineally]], such as those that followed the [[Franks|Frankish]] [[Salic law]]. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining monarchies, where [[Order of succession|succession law]] and conventions have maintained dynastic names ''de jure'' through a female.

==Terminology==

The word "dynasty" (from the {{langx|el|δυναστεία}}, ''dynasteía'' "power", "lordship", from ''dynástes'' "ruler")<ref>{{OEtymD|dynasty}}</ref> is sometimes used informally for people who are not rulers but are, for example, members of a family with influence and power in other areas, such as a series of successive owners of a major company, or any family with a legacy, such as a dynasty of poets or actors. It is also extended to unrelated people, such as major poets of the same school or various rosters of a single sports team.<ref name=OED>''Oxford English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|1st ed.}} "dynasty, ''n''." [[Oxford University Press]] (Oxford), 1897.</ref>

The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a "noble house",<ref name="OED2">''Oxford English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|3rd ed.}} "house, ''n.1'' and ''int'', {{nowrap|10. b.}}" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2011.</ref> which may be [[Style (form of address)|styled]] as "[[emperor|imperial]]", "[[King|royal]]", "[[prince]]ly", "[[duke|ducal]]", "[[count|comital]]" or "[[baron]]ial", depending upon the chief or present [[imperial, royal and noble ranks|title]] borne by its members, but it is more often referred by adding the name afterwards, as in "[[House of Habsburg]]".

===Dynast===
[[File:Order of the Civil Merit Ceremony. 5th Felipe VI Reign Anniversary 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|The [[Spanish royal family]] of the [[House of Bourbon]] dates its roots to the [[Capetian dynasty]] of the 9th century, thus making it the oldest still reigning dynasty in Europe (photograph of King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia, the Princess of Asturias and her younger sister Infanta Sofía, in 2019)]]

A ruler from a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a "dynast", but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a [[order of succession|right to succeed]] to a [[throne]]. For example, [[Edward VIII|King Edward VIII]] ceased to be a dynast of the [[House of Windsor]] following his abdication.

In historical and [[monarchism|monarchist]] references to formerly reigning families, a "dynast" is a family member who would have had succession rights, were the monarchy's rules still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] and his [[morganatic marriage|morganatic]] wife, their son [[Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg]], was bypassed for the Austro-Hungarian throne because he was not a [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] dynast. Even after the [[abolition of monarchy|abolition]] of the Austrian monarchy, Duke Maximilian and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position.

The term "dynast" is sometimes used only to refer to [[Patrilineality#Agnatic succession|agnatic]] descendants of a [[realm]]'s monarchs, and sometimes to include those who hold succession rights through [[matrilineality|cognatic]] royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but distinct sets of people. For example, [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon]], a nephew of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]], is in the [[Succession to the British throne|line of succession to the British crown]], making him a British dynast. On the other hand, since he is not a patrilineal member of the British royal family, he is not a dynast of the House of Windsor.

Comparatively, the German aristocrat [[Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1954)|Prince Ernst August of Hanover]], a male-line descendant of [[George III|King George III]], possesses no legal British name, titles or styles (although he is entitled to reclaim the former [[duke#Royal dukes|royal dukedom]] of [[Duke of Cumberland|Cumberland]]). He was born in the line of succession to the British throne and was bound by Britain's [[Royal Marriages Act 1772]] until it was repealed when the [[Succession to the Crown Act 2013]] took effect on 26 March 2015.<ref name=inforce>[http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/ Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705020637/http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/ |date=5 July 2016 }}, 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).</ref> Thus, he requested and obtained formal permission from Queen Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic [[Caroline, Princess of Hanover|Princess Caroline of Monaco]] in 1999. Yet, a clause of the English [[Act of Settlement 1701]] remained in effect at that time, stipulating that dynasts who marry Roman Catholics are considered "dead" for succession to the British throne.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news | url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4426171.stm | title=Monaco royal taken seriously ill | work=[[BBC News]] | date=8 April 2005 | access-date=27 January 2013 | location=London | archive-date=12 March 2010 | archive-url=http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100312144516/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4426171.stm | url-status=dead }}</ref> That exclusion, too, ceased to apply on 26 March 2015, with retroactive effect for those who had been dynasts before triggering it by marriage to a Roman Catholic.<ref name=inforce/>

===Dynastic marriage===
[[File:Maria Theresia im Kreise ihrer Familie.jpg|thumb|Family portrait of Empress [[Maria Theresa]] of the [[Habsburg dynasty]], surrounded by her children who were married into various European dynasties. Marriage policy amongst dynasties led to the ''[[Pax Austriaca]]''.]]

A "dynastic marriage" is one that complies with monarchical [[house law]] restrictions, so that the descendants are eligible to inherit the throne or other royal privileges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dynastic Marriage |url=http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/european-networks/dynastic-networks/heinz-duchhardt-the-dynastic-marriage |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=ieg-ego.eu |language=de |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228212538/http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/european-networks/dynastic-networks/heinz-duchhardt-the-dynastic-marriage |url-status=live }}</ref> For example, the marriage of [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] to [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Máxima Zorreguieta]] in 2002 was dynastic, making their eldest child, [[Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange|Princess Catharina-Amalia]], the [[heir apparent]] to the Crown of the Netherlands. The marriage of his younger brother, [[Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau]], in 2003 lacked government support and parliamentary approval. Thus, Prince Friso forfeited his place in the [[Succession to the Dutch throne|order of succession to the Dutch throne]], and consequently lost his title as a "Prince of the Netherlands", and left his children without dynastic rights.

The [[Pragmatic Sanction of 1713]] was an edict issued by Holy Roman [[Emperor Charles VI]] on 19 April 1713 to ensure that the [[Habsburg monarchy]] could be inherited by his daughter undivided (→ [[Primogeniture#Agnatic-cognatic primogeniture|agnatic-cognatic primogeniture]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/473697/Pragmatic-Sanction-of-Emperor-Charles-VI |title=Pragmatic Sanction of Emperor Charles VI |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 1736, [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephen]] of Lorraine married Archduchess [[Maria Theresa of Austria]], the sole heir of Emperor Charles VI. With the marriage of Maria Theresa, the only offspring of the House of [[History of Austria#Charles III: Succession and the Pragmatic Sanction (1713–1740)|Austria]], she became together with her husband the founder of the new dynasty of the House of [[Habsburg-Lorraine]]. Since 1740 he was her co-regent in the [[Habsburg hereditary lands]] and from 1745 he was Holy Roman Emperor as Francis I, but was hardly involved in government affairs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/franz-stephan-founder-habsburg-lorraine-dynasty |title=Franz Stephan as the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty |author=Martin Mutschlechner |publisher=The World of the Habsburgs |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Francis was as [[Duke of Lorraine]] the last non-[[Habsburg]] monarch of the Holy Roman Empire. The couple were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, which ruled until 1918. Empress [[Maria Theresa]] of the [[Habsburg dynasty]] had her children married into various European dynasties. Habsburg marriage policy amongst European dynasties led to the ''[[Pax Austriaca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/maria-theresa-wife-and-mother |title=Maria Theresa as wife and mother |first=Martin |last=Mutschlechner |publisher=The World of the Habsburgs |accessdate=2 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mitchell|first=A. Wess|title=The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire|date=2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-19644-2|url={{Google books |-ciXDwAAQBAJ |page=228 |plainurl=yes}}|pages=228}}</ref>

==History==
Historians [[periodization|periodize]] the histories of many states and [[civilization]]s, such as [[History of Iran|Ancient Iran]] (3200 BC – 1979 AD), [[Ancient Egypt]] (3100–30 BC) and [[History of China#Ancient China|Ancient and Imperial China]] (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, and also to describe events, trends and artefacts of that period (e.g., "a [[Ming dynasty]] vase"). Until the 19th century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a monarch was to aggrandize his dynasty: that is, to expand the wealth and power of his family members.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Thomson |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/europesincenapol00thom |title=Europe Since Napoleon |publisher=Knopf |year=1961 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/europesincenapol00thom/page/79 79–80] |chapter=The Institutions of Monarchy |quote=The basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power...The dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession: ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige...Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Maria Theresa of Austria were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power, centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges, and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state. Moreover, the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth-century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world had traditionally been reckoned [[patrilineality|patrilineally]], such as those that followed the [[Franks|Frankish]] [[Salic law]]. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining monarchies, where [[Order of succession|succession law]] and conventions have maintained dynastic names ''de jure'' through a female. For instance, the [[House of Windsor]] is maintained through the children of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]], as it did with the [[monarchy of the Netherlands]], whose dynasty remained the [[House of Orange-Nassau]] through three successive [[queen regnant|queens regnant]]. The earliest such example among major European monarchies was in the [[Russian Empire]] in the 18th century, where the name of the [[House of Romanov]] was maintained through [[Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna]]. This also happened in the case of [[Maria II of Portugal|Queen Maria II of Portugal]], who married [[Ferdinand II of Portugal|Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry]], but whose descendants remained members of the [[House of Braganza]], per Portuguese law;, since the 1800s, the only female monarch in Europe who had children belonging to a different house was [[Queen Victoria]] and that was due to disagreements over how to choose a non German house. In [[Limpopo|Limpopo Province]] of [[South Africa]], [[Rain Queen|Balobedu]] determined descent [[matrilineal succession|matrilineally]], while rulers have at other times adopted the name of their mother's dynasty when coming into her inheritance. Less frequently, a monarchy has alternated or been rotated, in a multi-dynastic (or polydynastic) system—that is, the most senior living members of parallel dynasties, at any point in time, constitute the line of succession.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

==Longevity==
[[File:Welcome for HM King Tupou VI of the Kingdom of Tonga and HM Queen Nanasipau'u 03.jpg|thumb|King [[Tupou VI]] of Tonga and Queen [[Nanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho|Nanasipau'u]], head of one of the oldest still ruling royal dynasties in the world, dating back to c. 950 CE of the [[Tuʻi Tonga Empire]]]]
Dynasties lasting at least 200 years include the following. Legendary lineages that cannot be historically confirmed are not included.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Dynasty !! Years Ruled !! Corrected Length of Rule !! Notes
|-
| [[Imperial House of Japan]] || c. 500 CE – present || ~1,500+ years || Continuous, mostly ceremonial since 12th century; pre-500 CE emperors semi-legendary, exact start uncertain.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Delmer M. |title=The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 1: Ancient Japan |year=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521223522 |pages=140–145}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ponsonby-Fane |first=Richard |title=The Imperial House of Japan |year=1915 |publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society |pages=10–20}}</ref>{{Efn|[[Emperor Jimmu]] is said to have founded the kingdom of Yamato in the year 660 BCE, but this is a much later tradition. In fact, the first Japanese written records date to the 8th century CE, over a thousand years later (see ''[[Kojiki]]'' and ''[[Nihon Shoki]]''). The first attested emperor is [[Emperor Yūryaku|Yūryaku]], who lived {{circa}} 500 CE. He is attested in the [[Inariyama Sword|Inariyama]] and [[Eta Funayama Sword]]s, both made during reign of "the Great king Waka Takiru" (''Wakatakeru''). The first sword is dated to the "Year of the Metal Pig", which could mean 471 or 534.<ref>{{cite book | surname = Seeley | given = Christopher | title = A History of Writing in Japan | publisher = [[Brill Academic Publishers]] | year = 1991 | isbn = 90-04-09081-9 | pages = 19–23 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KCZ2ya6cg88C&pg=PA19 }}</ref>}}
|-
|[[House of Wessex|Wessex]]/[[British royal family|England]]/[[British royal family|Britain]]
|c. 520 CE – present
|~1,500 years
|Non-continuous; was deposed in [[Norman Conquest|1066]] but survived through marriages and cadet branches.{{Efn|[[Cerdic of Wessex]] is ultimately the ancestor of all [[Kingdom of England|English]] and [[British monarchs]], since [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]'s wife, [[Margaret of Wessex|Margaret]], was a grandaughter of [[Edward the Exile]] (see [[Family tree of English monarchs]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCalman |first=Archibald Hamilton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDtGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA669 |title=A Compact History of England from the Time of the Ancient Britons to the Reign of Queen Victoria (1880): With a Synopsis of England in the Nineteenth Century, Its Government, Institutions, Etc |date=1883 |publisher=R. Wrothington |pages=669}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] || c. 200 BCE – 1100 CE || ~1,300 years || Estimation; fragmented early records, gaps likely.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=100–120}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M.G.S. |title=Perumals of Kerala |year=2013 |location=Thrissur |publisher=CosmoBooks |isbn=978-8188765072 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] || c. 300 BCE – 900 CE || ~1,200 years || Estimation; intermittent rule after 900 CE, gaps in continuity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=100–120}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India |year=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=130–140}}</ref>
|-
| [[List of monarchs of Tonga|Tonga]] || c. 950 CE – present || ~1,075 years || Estimation; title changed in 1865, constitutional now.<ref>{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=I.C. |title=Island Kingdom: Tonga Ancient and Modern |year=2001 |publisher=Canterbury University Press |isbn=978-0908812141 |pages=20–30}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wood |first=A.H. |title=History of the Kingdom of Tonga |year=1932 |publisher=Methodist Mission Press |pages=15–25}}</ref>
|-
| [[Capetian dynasty|Capetian]] || 987 CE – present || 1,038 years || Continuous through cadet branches (e.g., Bourbon); active in Spain.<ref>{{cite book |last=Shennan |first=J.H. |title=The Bourbons: The History of a Dynasty |year=2007 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |isbn=978-1852855239 |pages=1–10}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bagrationi dynasty|Bagrationi]] || 780 CE – 1801 CE || ~1,021 years || Georgian royal house; ended with Russian annexation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rayfield |first=Donald |title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia |year=2012 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1780230306 |pages=50–70}}</ref>
|-
| [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila]] / [[Sisodia dynasty|Sisodia]] || 566 CE – 1537 CE || ~971 years || Mewar rajputs; ceremonial after 1537.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=150–160}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India |year=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=200–210}}</ref>
|-
| [[Silla]] || 57 BCE – 935 CE || 992 years || Korean kingdom; estimation for early start.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Ki-baik |title=A New History of Korea |year=1984 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674615762 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
| [[List of Assyrian kings|Adaside]] || c. 1700 BCE – 722 BCE || 978 years || Neo-Assyrian period; estimation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Grayson |first=A.K. |title=The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Assyrian Periods |year=1991 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0802059659 |pages=10–20}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] || 498 CE – 1434 CE || ~936 years || Odisha rulers; diminished after 1434.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=120–130}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India |year=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=180–190}}</ref>
|-
| [[Baduspanids]] || 665 CE – 1598 CE || 933 years || Tabaristan rulers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4 |year=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521200936 |pages=198–200}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] || c. 300 BCE – 200 CE, 848–1279 CE || ~929 years || Non-continuous; interregnum ~200–848 CE; early period semi-legendary.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=100–120}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India |year=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=140–160}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] || 1046 BCE – 256 BCE || 790 years || Nominal rule in later Warring States period; traditional dates.<ref>{{cite book |last=Li |first=Feng |title=Early China: A Social and Cultural History |year=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521895521 |pages=120–130}}</ref>
|-
| [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]] || 750–1258 CE, 1261–1517 CE || 764 years || Non-continuous; caliphal rule, ceremonial after 1258.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |title=The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138787612 |pages=150–170}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rurik dynasty|Rurikid]] || 862 CE – 1598 CE || 736 years || Kievan Rus to Tsardom of Russia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Janet |title=Medieval Russia, 980–1584 |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521859165 |pages=30–50}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sayfawa dynasty|Sayfawa]]
|c. 1085 CE – 1846 CE
|~761 years
|[[Kanem–Bornu Empire]]; estimation.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Islamic_Dynasties/maQxEAAAQBAJ |title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual |date=2012 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year= |isbn=0-7486-2137-7 |pages=126–129 |orig-year=1996}}</ref>
|-
|[[Grimaldi]] || 1297 CE ||729 years || Reigning Princes of [[Monaco]]
|-
| [[Goguryeo]] || 37 BCE – 668 CE || 705 years || Korean kingdom; well-documented.<ref>{{cite book |last=Byington |first=Mark E. |title=The Ancient State of Goguryeo |year=2016 |publisher=Korea Institute, Harvard University |isbn=978-0674737198 |pages=40–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Solomonic dynasty|Solomon]] || 1270 CE – 1975 CE || 705 years || Ethiopian emperors; restored in 1270.<ref>{{cite book |last=Marcus |first=Harold G. |title=A History of Ethiopia |year=2002 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520224797 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bavand dynasty]] || 651 CE – 1349 CE || 698 years || Tabaristan rulers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4 |year=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521200936 |pages=198–200}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kachhwaha]] || 1128 CE – 1818 CE || 690 years || Jaipur rajputs; effective rule ended with British control.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=200–210}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India |year=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=200–210}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Bolkiah|Bolkiah]] || c. 1360 CE – present || ~665 years || Brunei sultans; estimation for early start.<ref>{{cite book |last=Saunders |first=Graham |title=A History of Brunei |year=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0700716982 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] || 1299 CE – 1922 CE || 623 years || Sultans of Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Finkel |first=Caroline |title=Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire |year=2005 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0465023967 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Vijaya|Vijaya]] || 543 BCE – 66 CE || 609 years || Sri Lankan kings; traditional dates.<ref>{{cite book |last=Geiger |first=Wilhelm |title=Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle of Ceylon |year=1912 |publisher=Pali Text Society |oclc=635511441 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ahom dynasty|Ahom]] || 1228 CE – 1826 CE || 598 years || Assam kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=180–190}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] || 1448 CE – present || 577 years || Danish/Norwegian royals; active in Denmark.<ref>{{cite book |last=Oakley |first=Stewart |title=Scandinavian History, 1520–1970 |year=1972 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226613789 |pages=40–50}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] || 1243 CE – 1818 CE || 575 years || Marwar/Jodhpur rajputs; ended with British control.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138961159 |pages=200–210}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India |year=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=200–210}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bohtan|Bohkti]] || c. 1330 CE – 1855 CE || ~525 years || Kurdish principality; adjusted start date.<ref>{{cite book |last=van Bruinessen |first=Martin |title=Agha, Shaikh and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan |year=1992 |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=978-1856490184 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Joseon]] and [[Korean Empire]] || 1392 CE – 1910 CE || 518 years || Korean rulers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Ki-baik |title=A New History of Korea |year=1984 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674615762 |pages=200–220}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] || 1278 CE – 1780 CE || 502 years || Line Agnatic: All are extinct (after death of Maria Theresa).
|-
|[[Shang dynasty|Shang]]
|1600 BCE – 1046 BCE
|496 years
|Chinese royal rulers<ref>{{Cite web |title=商朝 |url=https://www.ccc-paris.org/zh/%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=巴黎中国文化中心 |language=zh-CN}}</ref>
|-
| [[Goryeo]] || 918 CE – 1392 CE || 474 years || Korean kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Ki-baik |title=A New History of Korea |year=1984 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674615762 |pages=100–120}}</ref>
|-
| [[Parthian Empire|Arsacid]] || 247 BCE – 224 CE || 471 years || Parthian Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brosius |first=Maria |title=The Persians: An Introduction |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415320894 |pages=90–100}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nabhani dynasty|Nabhani]] || 1154 CE – 1624 CE || 470 years || Oman imams.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rentz |first=George |title=Oman and the Persian Gulf |year=2001 |publisher=Stacey International |isbn=978-0905743813 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
| [[Han dynasty|Han]] and [[Shu Han]] || 202 BCE – 9 CE, 25–220 CE || 448 years || Non-continuous; Chinese emperors.<ref>{{cite book |last=Loewe |first=Michael |title=The Government of the Qin and Han Empires |year=2006 |publisher=Hackett Publishing |isbn=978-0872208193 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Árpád dynasty|Árpád]] || 858 CE – 1301 CE || 443 years || Hungarian kings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |title=The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary |year=2001 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1860640612 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Mataram|Mataram]] || 1586 CE – present || ~439 years || Indonesian sultans; estimation for continuity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ricklefs |first=M.C. |title=A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1200 |year=2008 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0230546868 |pages=40–50}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sasanian dynasty|Sassanian]] || 224 CE – 651 CE || 427 years || Persian Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Daryaee |first=Touraj |title=Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire |year=2009 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1850438984 |pages=10–20}}</ref>
|-
| [[Davidic line|Davidic]] || c. 1010 BCE – 586 BCE || ~424 years || Kingdom of Judah; traditional dates.<ref>{{cite book |last=Finkelstein |first=Israel |title=The Bible Unearthed |year=2001 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-0684869131 |pages=200–210}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ghassanids|Jafnid]] || 220 CE – 638 CE || 418 years || Arab kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Greg |title=Between Empires: Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199599271 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Piast dynasty|Piast]] || 960 CE – 1370 CE || 410 years || Polish dukes/kings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Norman |title=God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 1 |year=2005 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0231128179 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
| [[Argead dynasty|Argead]] || c. 700 BCE – 309 BCE || ~391 years || Macedonian kings; adjusted start.<ref>{{cite book |last=Worthington |first=Ian |title=Alexander the Great: Man and God |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1405801621 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[List of kings of Copán|Copán]] || 426 CE – 810 CE || 384 years || Maya city-state.<ref>{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Simon |title=Ancient Maya Politics |year=2020 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1108483889 |pages=100–110}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Siri Sanga Bo|Siri Sanga Bo]] || 1220 CE – 1597 CE || 377 years || Kandy kingdom, Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite book |last=Geiger |first=Wilhelm |title=Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle of Ceylon |year=1912 |publisher=Pali Text Society |oclc=635511441 |pages=200–210}}</ref>
|-
| [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]] || 661–750 CE, 756–1031 CE || 364 years || Non-continuous; caliphs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |title=The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138787612 |pages=80–100}}</ref>
|-
| [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] and [[Northern Yuan]] || 1271 CE – 1635 CE || 364 years || Mongol China.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rossabi |first=Morris |title=The Mongols: A Very Short Introduction |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199840892 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Komnenos]] || 1057–1059 CE, 1081–1185 CE, 1204–1461 CE || 363 years || Byzantine emperors; non-continuous.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haldon |first=John |title=Byzantium: A History |year=2002 |publisher=Tempus |isbn=978-0752423432 |pages=100–110}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê]] (Primitive and [[Revival Lê dynasty|Revival Lê]]) || 1428–1527 CE, 1533–1789 CE || 355 years || Vietnamese emperors; non-continuous.<ref>{{cite book |last=Whitmore |first=John K. |title=Vietnam, Ho Quy Ly, and the Ming |year=1985 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300033687 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Estridsen|Estridsen]] || 1047–1375 CE, 1387–1412 CE || 353 years || Danish kings; non-continuous.<ref>{{cite book |last=Oakley |first=Stewart |title=Scandinavian History, 1520–1970 |year=1972 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226613789 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Aryacakravarti dynasty|Aryacakravarti]] || 1277 CE – 1619 CE || 342 years || Jaffna kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Geiger |first=Wilhelm |title=Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle of Ceylon |year=1912 |publisher=Pali Text Society |oclc=635511441 |pages=220–230}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lakhmids|Lakhmid]] || c. 268 CE – 602 CE || ~334 years || Arab kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Greg |title=Between Empires: Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199599271 |pages=60–70}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] || 1371–1651, 1660–1714 || 334 years || Scottish/British royals; non-continuous.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wormald |first=Jenny |title=Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 |year=1981 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0748602766 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mughal dynasty|Mughal]]
|1526 CE – 1857 CE
|331 years
|Mughal Empire; cadet branch of [[Timurid dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sartore |first=Melissa |title=The Largest Empires In History, By The Numbers |url=https://www.ranker.com/list/biggest-empires-ever-history/melissa-sartore |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=Ranker |language=en}}</ref><ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica|''Encyclopædia Britannica'']], [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Timurid-dynasty "Timurid Dynasty]", Online Edition, last edited 2025-04-01, retrieved 2026-02-23. (Quotation: "Although the last Timurid of Herāt, Badīʿ al-Zamān, finally fell to the armies of the Uzbek Muḥammad Shaybānī in 1507, the Timurid ruler of Fergana, Ẓahīr al-Dīn Bābur, survived the collapse of the dynasty and established the line of Mughal emperors in India in 1526.")</ref>
|-
| [[House of Plantagenet|Plantagenet]] || 1154 CE – 1485 CE || 331 years || English kings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |title=The Wars of the Roses |year=1995 |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=978-0345404336 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jiménez dynasty|Jiménez]] || 905 CE – 1234 CE || 329 years || Navarre/Aragon.<ref>{{cite book |last=Collins |first=Roger |title=The Basques |year=1990 |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-0631175650 |pages=100–110}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bendahara dynasty|Bendahara]] || 1699 CE – present || ~326 years || Pahang/Malaysia sultans; estimation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=A. Rahman |title=History of the Malay Peninsula |year=2003 |publisher=Archipelago Press |isbn=978-9813018457 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Song dynasty|Song]] || 960 CE – 1279 CE || 319 years || Chinese emperors.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ebrey |first=Patricia Buckley |title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of China |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521124331 |pages=130–140}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Romanov|Romanov]] || 1613 CE – 1917 CE || 304 years || Russian tsars.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hosking |first=Geoffrey |title=Russia and the Russians: A History |year=2001 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674004733 |pages=200–210}}</ref>
|-
| [[Liao dynasty|Liao]] and [[Qara Khitai|Western Liao]] || 916 CE – 1218 CE || 302 years || Khitan rulers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Twitchett |first=Denis |title=The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 6 |year=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521235419 |pages=40–50}}</ref>
|-
| [[Later Jin (1616–1636)|Later Jin]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] || 1616 CE – 1912 CE || 296 years || Manchu China.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rowe |first=William T. |title=China's Last Empire: The Great Qing |year=2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674036123 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Southern Ming]] || 1368 CE – 1662 CE || 294 years || Chinese emperors.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mote |first=Frederick W. |title=Imperial China, 900–1800 |year=1999 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674012127 |pages=600–610}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Babenberg|Babenberg]] || 962 CE – 1246 CE || 284 years || Austrian dukes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lechner |first=Karl |title=Die Babenberger: Markgrafen und Herzoge von Österreich |year=1976 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag |isbn=978-3205085089 |pages=50–60}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] || 305 BCE – 30 BCE || 275 years || Hellenistic Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hölbl |first=Günther |title=A History of the Ptolemaic Empire |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415234894 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] || 618–690 CE, 705–907 CE || 274 years || Chinese emperors; non-continuous.<ref>{{cite book |last=Twitchett |first=Denis |title=The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 3 |year=1979 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521214469 |pages=150–160}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fatimid dynasty|Fatimid]] || 909 CE – 1171 CE || 262 years || Caliphs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Halm |first=Heinz |title=The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning |year=1997 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1860643132 |pages=20–30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrid]] || 1230 CE – 1492 CE || 262 years || Granada emirate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Harvey |first=L.P. |title=Islamic Spain, 1250–1500 |year=1990 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226319629 |pages=30–40}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rajasa dynasty|Rajasa]]
|1222 CE -1478 CE
|256 years
|Javanese rulers<ref>{{Cite web |title=Majapahit Story : The History Of Rajasa Dinasty |url=https://www.eastjava.com/books/majapahit/html/dynasty.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.eastjava.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Thutmosid]] || c. 1550 BCE – c. 1295 BCE || ~255 years || Egyptian pharaohs.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Shaw |first=Ian |url=https://archive.org/details/TheOxfordHistoryOfAncient/page/n509/mode/2up |title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0192804587 |pages=485–486}}</ref>
|-
| [[House of Dunkeld|Dunkeld]] || 1034 CE – 1286 CE || 252 years || Scottish kings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Duncan |first=A.A.M. |title=Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom |year=1975 |publisher=Oliver & Boyd |isbn=978-0050020371 |pages=100–110}}</ref>
|-
|[[Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt|Bubastite]]
|c. 945 BCE – c. 715 BCE
|~230 years
|Egyptian pharaohs.<ref name=":1" />
|-
| [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid]] || 550 BCE – 330 BCE || 220 years || Persian Empire; adjusted start.<ref>{{cite book |last=Briant |first=Pierre |title=From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire |year=2002 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-1575060316 |pages=34–40}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kuhrt |first=Amélie |title=The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources |year=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415436281 |pages=47–50}}</ref>
|-
|[[House of Bernadotte|Bernadotte]]
|1818 CE – present
|208 years
|Swedish monarchs; Norwegian monarchs from 1818 – 1905<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bernadotte Dynasty |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-house/the-bernadotte-dynasty |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=www.kungahuset.se |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Extant sovereign dynasties==
{{For|non-sovereign dynasties currently ruling subnational monarchies|Non-sovereign monarchy|List of current constituent monarchs}}

There are [[List of current monarchies|43 sovereign states]] with a [[monarch]] as [[head of state]], of which 41 are ruled by dynasties.{{efn|name="Non-dynastic"|Existing sovereign entities ruled by non-dynastic monarchs include:
* {{flag|Andorra|name=Principality of Andorra}}
* [[Holy See]] (ruling the {{flag|Vatican City|name=Vatican City State}})
* {{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta|name=Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and Malta}}}} There are currently 26 sovereign dynasties.

{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:200px;"|Dynasty
! style="width:300px;"|[[Realm]]
! style="width:200px;"|[[List of current monarchs of sovereign states|Reigning monarch]]
! style="width:200px;"|Dynastic founder{{efn|name="Founder"|The founder of a dynasty need not necessarily equate to the first monarch of a particular realm. For example, while [[William the Silent|William I]] was the dynastic founder of the [[House of Orange-Nassau]], which currently rules over the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], he was never a monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.}}
! style="width:150px;"|Dynastic place of origin{{efn|name="Origin"|Not to be confused with [[Family seat|dynastic seat]].}}
|-
|rowspan=15|[[House of Windsor|Windsor]]{{efn|name="Windsor"|The [[House of Windsor]] is descended from the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], which is a branch of the [[House of Wettin]]. The dynastic name was changed from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Windsor" in AD 1917.}}{{efn|name="Commonwealth"|A sovereign state with [[Charles III]] as its monarch and head of state is known as a [[Commonwealth realm]].}}
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|rowspan=15|[[Charles III|King Charles III]]
|rowspan=15|[[George V|King-Emperor George V]]{{efn|name="GeorgeVI"|[[George V]] was formerly a member of the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] before 1917.}}
|rowspan=15|[[Thuringia]] and [[Bavaria]] {{small|(in modern [[Germany]])}}
|-
|{{flag|Australia|name=Commonwealth of Australia}}{{efn|name="Australia"|Including:
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Australian Antarctic Territory]]
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Coral Sea Islands|Coral Sea Islands Territory]]
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands|Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]
* {{flag|Christmas Island}}
* {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands|name=Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands|Territory of Heard and McDonald Islands]]
* {{flag|Norfolk Island}}}}
|-
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|-
|{{flag|Belize}}
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|-
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|-
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|-
|{{flagdeco|New Zealand}} [[Realm of New Zealand|New Zealand]]{{efn|name="NewZealand"|The [[Realm of New Zealand]] consists of:
* {{flag|Cook Islands}}
* {{flag|New Zealand}}
* {{flag|Niue}}
* {{flagdeco|New Zealand}} [[Ross Dependency]]
* {{flag|Tokelau}}}}
|-
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|-
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|-
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|-
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|-
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|-
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{efn|name="United Kingdom"|Including:
* {{flag|Anguilla}}
* {{flag|Guernsey|name=Bailiwick of Guernsey}} ([[Crown dependencies|Crown dependency]])
* {{flag|Jersey|name=Bailiwick of Jersey}} (Crown dependency)
* {{flag|Bermuda}}
* {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}
* {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
* {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
* {{flag|Falkland Islands}}
* {{flag|Gibraltar}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}} (Crown dependency)
* {{flag|Montserrat}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands|name=Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands}}
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
The crown dependencies of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey, and the Isle of Man are neither part of the United Kingdom nor [[British Overseas Territories|British overseas territories]].}}
|-
|[[House of Khalifa|Khalifa]]
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|[[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa|King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa]]
|Sheikh Khalifa bin Mohammed
|[[Najd]] {{small|(in modern [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
|-
|[[House of Belgium|Belgium]]{{efn|name="Belgium"|The [[House of Belgium]] is descended from the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], which is a branch of the [[House of Wettin]]. The dynastic name was changed from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Belgium" in AD 1920.}}
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|[[Philippe of Belgium|King Philippe]]
|[[Albert I of Belgium|King Albert I]]{{efn|name="AlbertI"|[[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]] was formerly a member of the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] before AD 1920.}}
|[[Thuringia]] and [[Bavaria]] {{small|(in modern [[Germany]])}}
|-
|[[Wangchuck dynasty|Wangchuck]]
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|[[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck|''Druk Gyalpo'' Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]]
|[[Ugyen Wangchuck|''Druk Gyalpo'' Ugyen Wangchuck]]
|[[Trongsa]], [[Bhutan]]
|-
|[[House of Bolkiah|Bolkiah]]
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|[[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]]
|[[Muhammad Shah of Brunei|Sultan Muhammad Shah]]
|[[Tarim, Hadhramaut|Tarim]] in [[Hadhramaut]]{{efn|name="Bolkiah"|Claimed by the royal house, but the historicity is questionable.}} {{small|(in modern [[Yemen]])}}
|-
|[[House of Norodom|Norodom]]{{efn|name="Norodom"|The [[House of Norodom]] is a branch of the Varman dynasty.}}
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|[[Norodom Sihamoni|King Norodom Sihamoni]]
|[[Norodom of Cambodia|King Norodom Prohmbarirak]]
|[[Cambodia]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[House of Glücksburg|Glücksburg]]{{efn|name="Glücksburg"|The [[House of Glücksburg|House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] is a branch of the [[House of Oldenburg]].}}
|{{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Danish Realm|Denmark]]{{efn|name="Denmark"|The [[Danish Realm]] consists of:
* {{flag|Denmark}}
* {{flag|Faroe Islands}}
* {{flag|Greenland}}}}
|[[King Frederik X]]
|rowspan=2|[[Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg|Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
|rowspan=2|[[Glücksburg]] {{small|(in modern [[Germany]])}}
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}{{efn|name="Norway"|Including:
* {{flag|Bouvet Island}}
* {{flag|Jan Mayen}}
* {{flag|Peter I Island}}
* {{flag|Queen Maud Land}}
* {{flag|Svalbard}}}}
|[[Harald V of Norway|King Harald V]]
|-
|[[House of Dlamini|Dlamini]]
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|[[Mswati III|King Mswati III]]
|Chief Dlamini I
|[[East Africa]]
|-
|[[Imperial House of Japan|Yamato]]{{efn|name="Kōshitsu"|The [[Imperial House of Japan]], or ''Kōshitsu'' (皇室), is the world's oldest continuous dynasty. The dynasty has produced an unbroken succession of Japanese monarchs since the legendary founding year of 660 BC.}}
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Naruhito|Emperor Naruhito]]
|[[Emperor Jimmu]]{{efn|name="Jimmu"|Most historians regard Emperor Jimmu to have been a mythical ruler. [[Emperor Ōjin]], traditionally considered the 15th emperor, is the first who is generally thought to have existed, while [[Emperor Kinmei]], the 29th emperor according to traditional historiography, is the first monarch for whom verifiable regnal dates can be assigned.}}
|[[Nara Prefecture|Nara]] {{small|(in modern Japan)}}
|-
|[[Hashemites|Hashim]]{{efn|name="Hashim"|The [[Hashemites|House of Hashim]] is descended from [[Banu Qatada]], which was a branch of the [[Alids|House of Ali]].}}
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|[[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]]
|[[Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz|King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi]]
|[[Hejaz]] {{small|(in modern [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
|-
|[[House of Sabah|Sabah]]
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|[[Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah|Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]]
|[[Sabah I bin Jaber|Sheikh Sabah I bin Jaber]]
|[[Najd]] {{small|(in modern [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
|-
|[[List of monarchs of Lesotho|Moshesh]]
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|[[Letsie III|King Letsie III]]
|[[Moshoeshoe I|Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe I]]
|[[Lesotho]]
|-
|[[House of Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|[[Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Prince Hans-Adam II]]
|[[Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein|Prince Karl I]]
|[[Lower Austria]] {{small|(in modern [[Austria]])}}
|-
|[[Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg|Luxembourg-Nassau]]{{efn|name="Luxembourg-Nassau"|The [[Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg|House of Luxembourg-Nassau]] is descended from the [[House of Nassau-Weilburg]], which is a branch of the [[House of Nassau]] and the [[House of Bourbon-Parma]].}}
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|[[Guillaume V, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Guillaume V]]
|[[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Adolphe]]
|[[Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate|Nassau]] {{small|(in modern [[Germany]])}}
|-
|[[House of Temenggong|Temenggong]]{{efn|name="Temenggong"|The [[Temenggong dynasty]] is the ruling dynasty of [[Johor]] and a cadet branch of the [[Bendahara dynasty]]. The [[Sultan of Johor]] is the reigning [[King of Malaysia|Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia]].}}
|{{flag|Malaysia}}{{efn|name="Malaysia"|The throne of Malaysia rotates among the nine [[Monarchies of Malaysia|constituent monarchies of Malaysia]], each ruled by a dynasty. The [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] is elected by the [[Conference of Rulers]].}}
|[[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim III]]
|[[Abu Bakar of Johor|Sultan Abu Bakar]]
|[[Johor]] {{small|(in modern Malaysia)}}
|-
|[[House of Grimaldi|Grimaldi]]
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|[[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]]
|[[François Grimaldi]]
|[[Genoa]] {{small|(in modern [[Italy]])}}
|-
|[['Alawi dynasty|Alawi]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|[[Mohammed VI of Morocco|King Mohammed VI]]
|[[Sharif ibn Ali|Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad as-Sharif ibn 'Ali]]
|[[Tafilalt]] {{small|(in modern Morocco)}}
|-
|[[House of Orange-Nassau|Orange-Nassau]]{{efn|name="Orange-Nassau"|The [[House of Orange-Nassau]] is a branch of the [[House of Nassau]]. Additionally, [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]] is also linked to the [[House of Lippe]] through [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]].}}
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}{{efn|name="Netherlands"|The [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] consists of:
* {{flag|Aruba}}
* {{flag|Curaçao}}
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}}}
|[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]
|[[William the Silent|Prince William I]]
|[[Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate|Nassau]] {{small|(in modern [[Germany]])}}
|-
|[[House of Busaid|Busaid]]
|{{flag|Oman}}
|[[Haitham bin Tariq|Sultan Haitham bin Tariq]]
|[[Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi|Sultan Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi]]
|[[Oman]]
|-
|[[House of Thani|Thani]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|[[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]]
|Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed
|[[Najd]] {{small|(in modern [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
|-
|[[House of Saud|Saud]]
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|[[Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
|[[Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin|Emir Saud I]]
|[[Diriyah]] {{small|(in modern Saudi Arabia)}}
|-
|[[House of Bourbon-Anjou|Bourbon-Anjou]]{{efn|name="Bourbon-Anjou"|The [[House of Bourbon-Anjou]] is a branch of the [[House of Bourbon]].}}
|{{flag|Spain}}
|[[Felipe VI|King Felipe VI]]
|[[Philip V of Spain|King Philip V]]
|[[Bourbon-l'Archambault]] {{small|(in modern [[France]])}}
|-
|[[House of Bernadotte|Bernadotte]]
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|[[Carl XVI Gustaf|King Carl XVI Gustaf]]
|[[Charles XIV John|King Charles XIV John]]
|[[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] {{small|(in modern [[France]])}}
|-
|[[Chakri dynasty|Chakri]]
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|[[Vajiralongkorn|King Vajiralongkorn]]
|[[Rama I|King Rama I]]
|[[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] {{small|(in modern Thailand)}}
|-
|[[List of monarchs of Tonga|Tupou]]
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|[[Tupou VI|King Tupou VI]]
|[[George Tupou I|King George Tupou I]]
|[[Tonga]]
|-
|[[House of Nahyan|Nahyan]]{{efn|name="Nahyan"|The [[Al Nahyan family|House of Nahyan]] is the ruling dynasty of the [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi]]. The Emir of Abu Dhabi is the incumbent [[President of the United Arab Emirates]].}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}{{efn|name="UAE"|The [[President of the United Arab Emirates]] is elected by the [[Federal Supreme Council]]. The office has been held by the Emir of [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]] since the formation of the United Arab Emirates in 1971.}}
|[[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]
|[[Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan|Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan]]
|[[Liwa Oasis]] {{small|(in modern United Arab Emirates)}}
|}

==Political families==
{{main|Political family|List of political families}}

Though in [[election|elected]] [[government]]s, rule does not pass automatically by inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of related individuals in the elected positions of [[republic]]s and [[Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchies]]. Eminence, [[Social influence|influence]], [[tradition]], [[genetics]], and [[nepotism]] may contribute to the phenomenon.

===Hereditary dictatorship===
{{See also|Personalist dictatorship|Absolute monarchy}}
[[File:Khamenei Family.jpg|thumb|[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Iranian supreme leaders]] [[Ali Khamenei]] (left) and [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] (right), are members of the [[Khamenei family]], which has ruled [[Iran]] since 1989]]

Hereditary dictatorships are characterized by the dictator keeping political power within their family due to personal choice.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Brownlee | first1=Jason | title=Hereditary Succession in Modern Autocracies | journal=World Politics | date=2007 | volume=59 | issue=4 | pages=595–628 | doi=10.1353/wp.2008.0002 | url=https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwp.2008.0002 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> The successor may be groomed during their lifetime, as was the case for [[Bashar al-Assad]] and his brother [[Bassel al-Assad|Bassel]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Bashar al-Assad | Family, Biography, Religion, Fleeing, & Facts | Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bashar-al-Assad }}</ref> or a member of their family may manoeuvre to take control of the dictatorship after the dictator's death, similar to the case of [[Ramfis Trujillo]]<ref>{{cite book | last1=Pope Atkins | first1=G. | title=The Dominican Republic and the United States: From Imperialism to Transnationalism | date=January 1998 | publisher=University of Georgia Press | isbn=978-0-8203-1931-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MkBlfCf8I-YC&q=paris&pg=PA120 }}</ref> or [[Mojtaba Khamenei]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Current hereditary dictatorships
! Dynasty
! Regime
! Dynastic founder
! Current leader
! Year founded{{efn|Year authoritarian system began}}
! Length of rule
|-
|[[Kim family (North Korea)|Kim family]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Williamson |first=Lucy |date=December 27, 2011 |title=Delving into North Korea's mystical cult of personality |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16336991 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202083328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16336991 |archive-date=February 2, 2013 |access-date=December 12, 2024 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea - The Kim Dynasty |url=https://www.dw.com/en/north-korea-the-kim-dynasty/a-68384947 |access-date=12 December 2024 |agency=Deutsche Welle |date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|[[Kim Il Sung]]
|[[Kim Jong Un]]
|1948
|{{ayd|1948|9|9}}
|-
|Gnassingbé family<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/22/togo-votes-as-faure-gnassingbe-seeks-to-extend-dynastys-rule|work=Al Jazeera|title=Togo votes as Faure Gnassingbe seeks to extend dynasty's rule|date=2020-02-22|access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref>
|{{flag|Togo}}
|[[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]]
|[[Faure Gnassingbé]]
|1967
|{{ayd|1967|4|14}}
|-
|[[Bongo family]]<ref name="family">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title='Family affair': Gabon opposition lambasts coup, claims election victory |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/1/family-affair-gabon-opposition-lambasts-coup-claims-election-victory |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901191350/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/1/family-affair-gabon-opposition-lambasts-coup-claims-election-victory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=Gabon's opposition leader claims coup is a 'family affair' |url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/01/gabons-opposition-leader-claims-coup-is-a-family-affair/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902043404/https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/01/gabons-opposition-leader-claims-coup-is-a-family-affair/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{Flag|Gabon}}
|[[Omar Bongo]]
|[[Brice Oligui Nguema]]{{efn|content=maternal cousin of Ali Bongo}}
|1967
|{{ayd|1967|11|28}}
|-
|Nguema family<ref name=dictators/><ref>{{Cite web|first=Paul|last=Melly|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57176712|title=Africa's political dynasties: How presidents groom their sons for power|date=2021-05-30|access-date=2025-04-20|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|[[Francisco Macías Nguema]]
|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]
|1968
|{{ayd|1968|10|12}}
|-
|Guelleh family<ref name=dictators>{{cite web |date=2011-05-16 |title=The world's enduring dictators |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators/ |work=CBS News }}</ref>
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|[[Hassan Gouled Aptidon]]
|[[Ismaïl Omar Guelleh]]
|1977
|{{ayd|1977|06|27}}
|-
|Hun family<ref>{{cite news |title=What to expect from Cambodia's new 'dynastic' prime minister |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-to-expect-from-cambodias-new-dynastic-prime-minister/a-66591627 |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=8 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Syed |first1=Armani |title=What to Know About the Army Chief Who Will Be Cambodia's Next Leader |url=https://time.com/6298046/hun-manet-cambodia-leadership/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=26 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hunt |first1=Luke |title=Assessing Cambodia's New Political Leadership |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/assessing-cambodias-new-political-leadership/ |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |date=23 August 2023}}</ref>
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|[[Hun Sen]]
|[[Hun Manet]]
|1985
|{{ayd|1985|1|14}}
|-
|[[Khamenei family]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Josephine |title=Iran's next supreme leader: Khamenei's hardline son Mojtaba |url=https://www.axios.com/2026/03/08/mojtaba-khamenei-iran-supreme-leader |access-date=8 March 2026 |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=8 March 2026}}</ref>
|{{flag|Iran}}
|[[Ali Khamenei]]
|[[Mojtaba Khamenei]]
|1989
|{{ayd|1989|06|04}}
|-
|Déby family<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Chad: Political Transition Ends with Déby's Election {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/05/13/chad-political-transition-ends-debys-election |access-date=2024-12-14 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{flag|Chad}}
|[[Idriss Déby]]
|[[Mahamat Déby]]
|1991
|{{ayd|1991|2|28}}
|-
|[[Aliyev family]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balci |first=Bayram |date=14 October 2023 |title=Presidential Elections in Azerbaijan Fail to End the Aliyev's Dynastic and Autocratic Rule |url=https://carnegiemoscow.org/commentary/53292 |access-date=7 February 2024 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]}}</ref>
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Heydar Aliyev]]
|[[Ilham Aliyev]]
|1993
|{{ayd|1993|06|24}}
|-
|Berdimuhamedow family<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clement |first1=Victoria |title=The Aura of Governance in Turkmenistan |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/the-aura-of-governance-in-turkmenistan/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |date=14 March 2023}}</ref>
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|[[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]
|[[Serdar Berdimuhamedow]]
|2006
|{{ayd|2006|12|21}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Former hereditary dictatorships
!Dynasty
!Regime
!Dynastic founder
!Last leader
!Year founded
!Year ended
!Length of rule
|-
|López family<ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco Solano López {{!}} Military Leader, War of the Triple Alliance {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Solano-Lopez |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
|{{flag|Paraguay|1842}}
|[[Carlos Antonio López]]
|[[Francisco Solano López]]
|1844
|1870
|25 years, 293 days
|-
|[[Third Dominican Republic|Trujillo family]]
|{{flagcountry|Third Dominican Republic}}
|[[Rafael Trujillo]]
|[[Ramfis Trujillo]]
|1930
|1961
|{{ayd|1930|8|16|1961|11|17}}
|-
|[[Somoza family]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Military and the State in Latin America |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft9b69p386&chunk.id=d0e3262&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e3229&brand=ucpress |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref>
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|[[Anastasio Somoza García]]
|[[Anastasio Somoza Debayle]]
|1936
|1979
|43 years, 39 days
|-
|[[Duvalier family]]
|{{flag|Haiti|1964}}
|[[François Duvalier]]
|[[Jean-Claude Duvalier]]
|1957
|1986
|{{ayd|1957|10|22|1986|2|7}}
|-
|Castro family
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|[[Fidel Castro]]
|[[Raul Castro]]
|1959
|2021
|{{ayd|1959|2|16|2021|4|19}}
|-
|[[Assad family]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=The rise and fall of the Assad Dynasty |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/worldbiz/middle-east/rise-and-fall-assad-dynasty-1012986 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Simone |date=2024-12-08 |title=Who is Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian leader whose family ruled with an iron fist for more than 50 years? |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/08/middleeast/bashar-al-assad-syria-profile-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|Ba'athist Syria}}
|[[Hafez al-Assad]]
|[[Bashar al-Assad]]
|1971
|2024
|{{ayd|1971|3|14|2024|12|8}}
|-
|Kabila family
|{{flag|DR Congo}}
|[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]
|[[Joseph Kabila]]
|1997
|2019
|{{ayd|1997|5|17|2019|1|24}}
|}

==Influential wealthy families==
{{main|List of wealthiest families}}

==See also==
{{politics}}
{{main|Lists of dynasties}}

{{wiktionary}}
* [[Cadet branch]]
* [[Commonwealth realm]]
* [[Conquest dynasty]]
* [[Dynastic cycle]]
* [[Dynastic order]]
* [[Dynastic union]]
* [[Elective monarchy]]
* [[Family seat]]
* [[Genealogy]]
* [[Heads of former ruling families]]
* [[Hereditary monarchy]]
* [[Iranian Intermezzo]]
* [[List of current constituent monarchs]]
* [[List of current monarchies]]
* [[List of current monarchs of sovereign states]]
* [[List of dynasties]]
* [[List of empires]]
* [[List of family trees]]
* [[List of kingdoms and royal dynasties]]
* [[List of largest empires]]
* [[List of monarchies]]
* [[List of noble houses]]
* [[Non-sovereign monarchy]]
* [[Royal family]]
* [[Royal household]]
* [[Royal intermarriage]]
* [[Self-proclaimed monarchy]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist|22em}}

==References==
{{Reflist|22em}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Monarchy]]
[[Category:Dynasties| ]]
[[Category:History-related lists]]

Surajit Kar Purkayastha

2026-03-29T04:41:10Z

Bhupendra: done - done

{{short description|State Security Advisor of West Bengal and former Indian police officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox police officer
|name = Surajit Kar Purkayastha
|honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
|image = [[File:Surajit Kar Purkayastha - Kolkata 2014-01-28 7968.JPG|150px]]
|caption = Purkayastha as Police commissioner of Kolkata in 38th International Kolkata Book Fair at Milan Mela Complex in 2014
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|01|01|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[West Bengal]], India
|citizenship = [[India]]
|spouse = Sharmistha <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-former-kolkata-police-commissioner-s-ex-wife-mother-in-law-found-dead-in-salt-lake-probe-ordered-2827161|title=Former DGP's ex-wife and mother-in-law died silently in Salt Lake|website=dnaindia.com|date=17 June 2020|access-date=16 September 2024|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527064410/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-former-kolkata-police-commissioner-s-ex-wife-mother-in-law-found-dead-in-salt-lake-probe-ordered-2827161|url-status=live}}</ref>
|education = Mechanical Engineering and PGDIT
|alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|IIT Kharagpur]], IIFT New Delhi
|service = {{flag|India}}
|allegiance = [[Indian Police Service]]
|badge_number = 19851025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm|title=IPS CIVIL LIST 2014|date=2014|access-date=16 September 2024|archive-date=15 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015141805/http://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|department = [[West Bengal Police]] [[Kolkata Police Force|Kolkata Police]]
|service_years = 1985–2018
|status = ''Retired''
|rank = [[File:Director_General_of_Police.png|25px]] [[Director General of Police]]
|awards = [[File:IND President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service.svg|20px]] [[President's Police Medal]] (for Distinguished Service) [[File:IND Police Medal for Meritorious Service.png|20px]]Police Medal for Meritorious Service and Chief Minister's Police Medal for outstanding service [[File:IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|20px]] 50th Anniversary Independence Medal
|module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| order =
| office = West Bengal State Security Advisor <ref name="SSA"/>
| term_start = 1 June 2018
| term_end = 31 May 2021
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = [[Manoj Malaviya]] (2023){{br}}(as State Police Advisor)
| order2 = 36th
| office2 = Police Commissioner of Kolkata
| term_start2 = 14 February 2013
| term_end2 = 13 February 2016
| predecessor2 = Ranjit Kumar Pachnanda
| successor2 = [[Rajeev Kumar (police officer, born 1966)|Rajeev Kumar]]
| office1 = [[Director General of Police]] of [[West Bengal]]
| term_start1 = 30 May 2016
| term_end1 = 31 May 2018
| predecessor1 = G. M. P. Reddy
| successor1 = Virendra
}}
}}
'''Surajit Kar Purkayastha''' ({{langx|bn|সুরজিৎ কর পুরকায়স্থ}}; born 1 January 1957) is a retired senior [[Indian Police Service]] officer of 1985 [[West Bengal]] cadre who served as the ''State Security Advisor'' of [[West Bengal]] from 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2021.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-appoints-state-security-adviser/story-Xn4W2YCS0tHDkaSO15j25K.html | title=West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee appoints state security adviser | date=31 May 2018 | newspaper=Hindustan Times | accessdate=3 July 2019 | archive-date=24 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724212152/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-appoints-state-security-adviser/story-Xn4W2YCS0tHDkaSO15j25K.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to that, he served as [[Director General of Police]] of [[West Bengal]] and was the 36th [[Police Commissioner of Kolkata]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.kolkatabengalinfo.com/2013/02/surajit-kar-purakayastha-kolkata-police.html|title=Who is Surajit Kar Purkayastha?|work=Kolkata Bengal Info|date=25 February 2019|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223132552/http://www.kolkatabengalinfo.com/2013/02/surajit-kar-purakayastha-kolkata-police.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Education==
Purkayastha holds a [[Mechanical engineering]] degree from [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur]] also completed PGDIT from [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]], New Delhi and after completion of his studies he joined [[Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation]].<ref name="bio"/>

==Police career==
Purkayastha is an officer of 1985 West Bengal cadre, who completed his [[Indian Police Service]] training in [[Burdwan]] district. His first posting was at [[Bolpur subdivision]] as SDPO in [[Birbhum district]]. He has also worked as [[Additional Superintendent of Police]] in [[South 24 Parganas district]] and also as Addl. SP, Asansol and Addl SP, Barrackpore. He later worked in [[Kolkata Police]] in various posts like ''DC Security Control'', ''DCDD'', ''DC Traffic,'' etc. After that he became the [[Superintendent of police|Superintendent of Police]] of [[Howrah district|Howrah]] and then went to [[Iran]] as a [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (R&AW) officer and stayed there for 5 years. He also held the ranks of ''[[Deputy Inspector General of Police|DIG]]-Vigilance'', ''DIG PR'', ''[[Inspector general of police|IG]]-South Bengal'', ''IG-Law and Order''. Then he became ''[[Additional director general of police|ADG]]- Law and Order'' before assuming the office of [[Police Commissioner of Kolkata]].<ref name="bio"/>

==As Police Commissioner of Kolkata==
On 13 February 2013, Purkayastha was appointed as the 36th Police Commissioner of Kolkata replacing Ranjit Kumar Panchananda. He served as the Commissioner for three years and was succeeded by Rajeev Kumar.<ref>{{cite AV media | people= Surajit kar Purkayastha, CP Kolkata | date=14 February 2013 | title=New Police Commissioner of Kolkata Surajit Purakayastha seeks co-operation | trans-title= | medium=Motion picture | location=Kolkata | publisher=ABP Ananda}}</ref>

==As the Director General of Police==
After serving as Police Commissioner of Kolkata for three years, Purkayastha was appointed as the DGP of the state succeeding G. M. P. Reddy and served as the State Police chief for two years until 31 May 2018 when he was succeeded by Virendra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bengal-to-get-new-police-chief/cid/1456780|title=Bengal to get new police chief|work=The Telegraph|date=31 May 2018|access-date=16 September 2024|archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009054039/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bengal-to-get-new-police-chief/cid/1456780|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/surajit-kar-purkayastha-appointed-new-dgp-in-west-bengal-617713-2016-05-30|title=Surajit Kar Purkayastha appointed new DGP in West Bengal|work=India Today|date=30 May 2016|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131730/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/surajit-kar-purkayastha-appointed-new-dgp-in-west-bengal-617713-2016-05-30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Govt-extends-DGPs-tenure-by-two-years/articleshow/52695436.cms|title=Govt extends DGP's tenure by two years|work=The Times of India|date=31 May 2018|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=13 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613073552/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Govt-extends-DGPs-tenure-by-two-years/articleshow/52695436.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==As the State Security Advisor==
After his retirement, the state government created a post for Purkayastha -- ''State Security Advisor,'' on the lines of the [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] (NSA).<ref name="SSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-appoints-state-security-adviser/story-Xn4W2YCS0tHDkaSO15j25K.html|title=West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee appoints state security adviser|work=Hindustan Times|date=31 May 2018|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131848/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-appoints-state-security-adviser/story-Xn4W2YCS0tHDkaSO15j25K.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsmen.in/news/bengal-to-get-new-dgp-this-month-end-but-kar-purkayastha-to-be-retained-in-new-role/|title=Bengal to get new DGP this month-end but Kar Purkayastha to be retained in new role|work=Newsmen.in|date=31 May 2018|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223132100/https://newsmen.in/news/bengal-to-get-new-dgp-this-month-end-but-kar-purkayastha-to-be-retained-in-new-role/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
*[[Police]]
*[[Soumen Mitra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kar Purkayastha, Surajit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian spies]]
[[Category:People of the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni| IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Police commissioners of Kolkata]]

Yamini Aiyar

2026-03-28T16:19:52Z

Bhupendra: starting - done

{{Short description|Indian public policy researcher}}
{{Notability|Biographies|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Yamini Aiyar
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Public policy specialist
| monuments =
| other_names =
| siglum =
| education = {{ubl|[[University of Cambridge]]|[[St Stephen's College, Delhi]]|[[London School of Economics]]}}
| years_active = 2017–present
| era =
| employer = [[Centre for Policy Research]]
| organization =
| title = Chief Executive and President at [[Centre for Policy Research]] (CPR India)
| father = [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]]
| spouse =
}}
'''Yamini Aiyar''' was the president and chief executive of the Centre for Policy Research (CPR),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yamini Aiyar {{!}} RISE Programme|url=https://riseprogramme.org/people/yamini-aiyar|access-date=2020-10-25|website=riseprogramme.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Phadnis|first=Aditi|date=2020-04-25|title=Centre should use fiscal powers to ease state constraints: Yamini Aiyar|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/centre-should-use-fiscal-powers-to-ease-state-constraints-yamini-aiyar-120042500873_1.html|access-date=2020-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|title='No matter how centralising Modi is, he will need states': Yamini Aiyar on federalism after 2014|url=https://scroll.in/article/975911/no-matter-how-centralising-modi-is-he-will-need-states-yamini-aiyar-on-federalism-after-2014|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Scroll.in|date=17 October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> New Delhi, a public policy research think tank. She was appointed President of CPR in 2017. She was previously a senior research fellow and founder, in 2008, of the Accountability Initiative (AI) at the centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cprindia.org/onefac.php?s=119 |title=Faculty & Staff |website=www.cprindia.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914125843/http://www.cprindia.org/onefac.php?s=119 |archive-date=2008-09-14}}</ref> Through Accountability Initiative, Yamini is credited with pioneering one of India's largest expenditure tracking surveys for elementary education. She is also regular columnist in newspapers, such as ''[[The Hindustan Times]], [[LiveMint]],'' and ''[[The Indian Express]]''.

==Early life==
Daughter of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]], Yamini Aiyar did her [[Bachelor of Arts]] in philosophy at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] and then an MA in social and political science at the [[University of Cambridge]]. She later studied at [[London School of Economics]] and was awarded [[Master of Science]] in development science from [[University of London]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yamini Aiyar|url=https://www.theigc.org/person/yamini-aiyar/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=IGC|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-26 |title=CPR CEO Yamini Aiyar to step down amid FCRA license cancellation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/cpr-ceo-yamini-aiyar-to-step-down-amid-fcra-license-cancellation/articleshow/108796996.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Career==
Yamini's work sits at the intersection of research and policy practice. Her research interests span the fields of public finance, social policy, state capacity, federalism, governance and the study of contemporary politics in India. She has published widely in academic publications and the popular press, and writes regularly on current affairs and policy matters in mainstream Indian newspapers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cprindia.org/people/yamini-aiyar|title = Yamini Aiyar | Centre for Policy Research}}</ref>

Yamini serves on a number of government and international policy committees as well as boards of nonprofits and think tanks. Her recent policy commitments include: commissioner and chair governance working group, Lancet Commission on Reimagining India's Health System; Member State Advisory Council, [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]], Member Technical Advisory Group, National Data and Analytics Platform, [[Niti Aayog]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cprindia.org/people/yamini-aiyar|title = Yamini Aiyar | Centre for Policy Research}}</ref>

Yamini Aiyar is a [[TED fellow]], and a founding member of the International Experts Panel of the [[Open Government Partnership]]. She has also been a member of the [[World Economic Forum]]’s Global Council on Good Governance. Previously, she has worked with the [[World Bank]]’s Water and Sanitation Programme and Rural Development unit in [[Delhi]], where she focussed on action research, aimed at strengthening mechanisms for citizen engagement in [[local government]]. Additionally, she was a member of the decentralisation team at the World Bank that provided policy support to strengthen [[Panchayati raj|Panchayati Raj]] (local governance) in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=Ideas For|title=Yamini,Aiyar|url=https://www.ideasforindia.in//profile/yamini.html|access-date=2021-03-17|website=www.ideasforindia.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=Ideas For|title=Yamini,Aiyar|url=https://www.ideasforindia.in//profile/yamini.html|access-date=2020-10-25|website=www.ideasforindia.in|language=en}}</ref> Her analysis has often compared development and governance models in India and China, emphasizing the importance of empowering democratic local governments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyar |first=Yamini |date=2026 |title=Central grip: India needs a compact with local governance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/central-grip-india-needs-a-compact-with-local-governance-prnt/cid/2149648 |url-status=live |work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiyar |first=Yamini |date=2026-02-17 |title=The Cracks in the India Model |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/cracks-india-model-aiyar |access-date=2026-03-28 |work=Foreign Affairs |language=en-US |volume=105 |issue=2 |issn=0015-7120}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Yamini's writings have appeared in multiple journals and edited volumes:

* 'Maximum Schemes, Minimum Welfare', in ''Re-forming India: The Nation Today'', ed. Niraja Jayal Gopal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Re-forming India|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/re-forming-india/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Penguin Random House India|language=en-US}}</ref>
* "Modi Consolidates Power: Leveraging Welfare Politics." ''Journal of Democracy'', vol. 30 no. 4, 2019, p. 78-88.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aiyar|first=Yamini|date=2019|title=Modi Consolidates Power: Leveraging Welfare Politics|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/735460|journal=Journal of Democracy|volume=30|issue=4|pages=78–88|doi=10.1353/jod.2019.0070|s2cid=208688439|issn=1086-3214|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* '“One nation,” BJP, and the future of Indian federalism,' with Louis Tillin, ''India Review'', 19 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title="One nation," BJP, and the future of Indian federalism {{!}} Centre for Policy Research|url=https://www.cprindia.org/articles/%E2%80%9Cone-nation%E2%80%9D-bjp-and-future-indian-federalism|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.cprindia.org}}</ref>

Yamini is also actively involved in the preparation of annual Budget Briefs that are published by the Accountability Initiative. Using government reported data, the briefs analyse trends in allocations, public expenditures, outputs and outcomes of key social sector programmes. These briefs are published in the run-up to the Government of India budget in February every year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Budget Briefs|url=https://accountabilityindia.in/budget-briefs/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Accountability Initiative: Responsive Governance|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cprindia.org/onefac.php?s=119 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914125843/http://www.cprindia.org/onefac.php?s=119 |date=2008-09-14 }}
* http://www.indianexpress.com/columnist/yaminiaiyar
* http://www.accountabilityindia.in

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aiyar, Yamini}}
[[Category:Indian development specialists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Edmund's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]]

Saurashtra Mail

2026-03-28T01:08:41Z

Bhupendra: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}{{Italic title}}

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Saurashtra Mail
| image= 22945 Saurashtra Mail - Trainboard.jpg
| caption =
| type = [[Mail trains in India|Mail]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1925|10|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railways]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Mumbai Central}} (MMCT)
| stops = 29
| end = {{stnlnk|Okha}} (OKHA)
| distance = {{convert|990|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 17 hours 50 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC 1st Class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 22945 / 22946
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map = [[File:Saurashtra Mail (Mumbai - Okha) Route map.png|300px|Saurashtra Mail (Mumbai–Okha) route map]]
| map_state =
}}

The 22945 / 22946 Mumbai Central–Okha '''Saurashtra Mail''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Mumbai Central}} and {{stnlnk|Okha}} in India.

It operates as train number 22945 from Mumbai Central to Okha and as train number 22946 in the reverse direction, serving the state of [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]].

==Coaches==

The 22945 / 46 Mumbai Central–Okha Saurashtra Mail presently has 1 Dedicated AC 1st Class , 3 AC 2 tier, 4 AC 3 tier,2 AC 3 tier economy, 6 Sleeper class, 4 General Unreserved and 2 EOG (End-On-Generation cum luggage car) coaches. It does not have a [[pantry car]].

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==

The 22945 Mumbai Central–Okha Saurashtra Mail covers the distance of 990 kilometres in 17 hours 50 mins (55.21 km/h) & in 17 hours 50 mins as 22946 Okha–Mumbai Central Saurashtra Mail (55.80 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is above 55 km/h, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a [[Mail trains in India|Mail]] surcharge.

==Routeing==

The 22945 / 22946 Mumbai Central–Okha Saurashtra Mail runs from Mumbai Central via {{stnlnk|Palghar}}, {{stnlnk|Surat}}, {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Rajkot Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Jamnagar}} to Okha.

==Gallery==
<Gallery>
File:22945 Saurashtra Mail - Sleeper Class coach.jpg|22945 Saurashtra Mail – Sleeper class coach
File:22945 Saurashtra Mail - RMS coach.jpg|22945 Saurashtra Mail – RMS coach
File:22945 Saurashtra Mail - General coach.jpg|22945 Saurashtra Mail – General coach
</Gallery>

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 22945 || MMCT || Mumbai Central || 21:05 PM || Daily || Okha || 14:55 PM || Daily
|-
| 22946 || OKHA || Okha || 11:05 AM || Daily || Mumbai Central|| 04:55 AM || Daily
|}

==Traction==

Prior to February 2012, dual-traction [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad|Valsad]]-based [[WCAM-1]] locomotives would haul the train between Mumbai Central & {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} handing over to a Ratlam or [[Diesel Loco Shed, Vatva|Vatva]]-based [[WDM-3A]] locomotive or [[WAM-4]] for the remainder of the journey.

Western Railway completed DC electric conversion to AC on 5 February 2012 & it is now regularly hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara]]-based [[WAP-4E]] / [[WAP-5]] locomotive for the entire journey.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Caller-threatens-to-blow-up-Saurashtra-Mail/articleshow/7239563.cms|title=Caller threatens to blow up Saurashtra Mail|work=The Times of India|accessdate=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2013/11/11/additional-coaches-in-saurashtra-mail-abu-road-demu-trains/|title=Additional coaches in Saurashtra mail, Abu road demu trains | DeshGujarat|publisher=deshgujarat.com|accessdate=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/mumbai-bound-saurashtra-mail-derails-near-rajkot/articleshow/5909550.cms|title=Mumbai-bound Saurashtra mail derails near Rajkot|work=The Times of India|accessdate=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.asiarailjobs.com/article/saurashtra-mail-engine-derails-at-okha-station-5748.htm|title=Saurashtra Mail engine derails at Okha station|publisher=asiarailjobs.com|accessdate=2014-05-30}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in|title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry|publisher=indianrail.gov.in|accessdate=2014-04-05}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=[IRFCA] Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=IRFCA|accessdate=2014-04-05}}

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saurashtra Mail}}
[[Category:Transport in Okha]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Mail trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1925]]

Poonch (town)

2026-03-27T01:53:11Z

Bhupendra:

{{Other uses|Poonch (disambiguation)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Poonch
| native_name = Prunts
| native_name_lang = ka
| other_name = Punch
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Poonch city by Ajaz Khawaja.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A view of Poonch City
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| pushpin_relief = 1
| coordinates = {{coord|33.7703|N|74.0925|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name=fallingrain/>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|[[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jammu division|Jammu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of subdistricts in India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Haveli Tehsil, J&K|Haveli]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Vidhan Sabha Constituency]]
| leader_name = [[Poonch Haveli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Poonch–Haveli]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name1 = Ajaz Jan (NC)
| leader_title2 = [[District Development Council|DDC]]
| leader_name2 = Tazeem Akhter, Independent
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=Census2011-town_pop/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 10.36
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=fallingrain/>
| elevation_ft = 3349
| population_total = 26,854
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Poonchi
| population_footnotes = <ref name=Census2011-town_pop/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], English, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020| url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Pahari language (Kashmir)|Pahari]], [[Gujari language|Gojri]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri ]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 185101
| registration_plate = JK-12
| website = {{url|poonch.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Poonch''' (or '''Punch'''), (called ''Prunts'' in the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Gujari language|Gojri]] & [[Pahari language]]s) is a city and the administrative headquarters of the [[Poonch district, India|Poonch district]], of the Indian-administered union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], which is part of the larger disputed territory of [[Kashmir]]. It is located near the [[Line of Control]] – the ''de facto'' border in the disputed region. Poonch shares a ''de facto'' border with the [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch]] district of the Pakistan-administered, self-governing territory of [[Azad Kashmir]].

==History==
{{main|History of the Poonch District}}

Based on the [[Mahābhārata]] mythology,<ref>MBH 7.4.5; 7/91/39-40.</ref> and the evidence from the seventh-century Chinese traveller [[Xuanzang]],<ref>Watters, Yuan Chawang, Vol I, p 284.</ref> the districts of Poonch along with Rajauri and Abhisara were under the sway of the Republican [[Kambojas]] during [[Indian epic poetry|epic]] times.<ref>See: Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 133, 219/220, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee.</ref><ref>A History of India, p 269-71, N. R. Ray, N. K. Sinha.</ref><ref>Journal of Indian History, P 304, [[University of Allahabad]]. Department of Modern Indian History, [[University of Kerala]] - 1921; Military History of India, 1980, p 38, Hemendra Chandra Kar - History.</ref><ref>Bimbisāra to Aśoka: with an appendix on the later Saud, 1977, p 16, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya - India - 1977.</ref><ref>Purana Index, 1992, p 79, A. B. L. Awasthi.</ref>

Poonch has witnessed many historical eras. Around 326 BC when [[Alexander the Great]] invaded the lower Jhelum belt to fight with [[Porus the Elder|Porus]], this region was known as Dravabhisar. In the sixth-century AD, the famous Chinese traveller [[Huien Tsang]] passed through this area. According to his observation, this region was known as part of [[Kashmir]] also known as mini Kashmir. Around 850 AD Poonch became a sovereign state ruled by Raja Nar, who was basically a horse trader. According to [[Rajatarangini|Rajatarangani]], Raja Trilochanapala From Mangral Rajput Dynasty of the Poonch area gave a tough fight to [[Mahmood Ghaznvi]], who invaded this area in 1020 A.D.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Poonch came under the [[Kashmir Sultanate]] during late 15th century through the military campaigns of [[Malik Tazi Bhat]], a general of the Sultanate. He led military campaigns that resulted in the conquest and administration of several regions, including Poonch, [[Jammu]], [[Rajouri]], [[Bhimber]], [[Jhelum]], [[Sialkot]], and [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], from 1475 to 1487. Following its incorporation, Poonch was administered as a vassal state under the Kashmir Sultanate. Local rulers retained a degree of autonomy but were required to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Sultan and provide tribute and military support when necessary. This arrangement persisted until the late 16th century, when the region came under [[Battle of Hastivanj|Mughal influence]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmu |first=R. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qko_AAAAMAAJ&q=tazi+bhat+chiefs |title=A History of Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1320-1819 |date=1969 |publisher=People's Publishing House |language=en}}</ref>

In 1596, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Jahangir]] made Raja Siraj-Ud-Din [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]], the descendant of [[Rao Jodha]] and Rao Suraj Singh, the new ruler of Poonch. Siraj-Ud-Din and his descendants Raja Shahbaz Khan Rathore, Raja Abdul Razak Rathore, Raja Rustam Rathore and Raja Bahadur Rathore ruled this area up to 1798 AD.

From 1819 to 1846, Poonch was a part of the [[Sikh Empire]] of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]. Maharaja granted it as a [[Poonch jagir|jagir]] to Raja Dhian Singh, one of his nobles and a brother of Dogra Rajput Raja [[Gulab Singh]] of Jammu. In 1846 Poonch was part of the territories transferred to Gulab Singh, who became the Maharaja of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] under the suzerainty of the [[British Raj]]. However, Poonch remained a jagir under the descendants of Dhian Singh. In the 1930s, on the recommendation of the [[Glancy Commission]], a 75-member Legislative Assembly had come into existence under the name of [[Jammu and Kashmir Praja Sabha election, 1934|Praja Sabha]]. Two seats were allotted to the Poonch principality. In the 1940s, Maharaja Hari Singh started integrating it with Jammu and Kashmir, as a ''de facto'' district.

In 1947, after the [[Partition of India]], a [[1947 Poonch rebellion|rebellion]] started in the western part of the Poonch district (in the [[Bagh District|Bagh]] and [[Sudhanoti District|Sudhanoti]] tehsils) against the Maharaja's rule and demanding accession to the newly independent Pakistan. The rebels were armed and supported by Pakistan and they evicted the [[Jammu and Kashmir State Forces|State Forces]], who became ensconced in their garrison at the Poonch town. The town remained besieged for almost a year, until it was [[Military operations in Poonch (1948)|relieved]] by the Indian Army on 20 November 1948. The western part of the district remained under the control of the rebels, who joined Pakistan as the state of [[Azad Kashmir]]. The [[Line of Control]] between the two parts of the district runs to the west of the Poonch town.

=== Recent developments ===
During the [[2019 India Pakistan standoff|2019 India-Pakistan standoff]], the Pakistan Air Force conducted an airstrike in Poonch as part of a [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes|larger operation]] in Indian-administered Kashmir. This standoff was the first time since 1971 that the [[Line of Control]] was violated by fighter aircraft.

After the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|2025 Pahalgam terror attack]], India blamed Pakistan-based militant groups and a [[2025 India–Pakistan crisis|diplomatic crisis]] ensued between the two countries. Pakistan resorted to shelling across the Line of Control on the border regions including the Poonch town, starting 24 April 2025.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/pakistan-violates-ceasefire-in-poonch-kupwara-sectors-on-fourth-consecutive-day-army/article69499928.ece Pakistan violates ceasefire in Poonch, Kupwara sectors for fourth consecutive day: Army], The Hindu, 28 April 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pakistan-army-initiates-unprovoked-firing-along-loc-in-jk-india-responds-swiftly/article69507738.ece Pahalgam attack: Pakistan Army initiates unprovoked firing along LoC in J&K; India ‘responds swiftly’], The Hindu, 30 April 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.greaterkashmir.com/jammu/ceasefire-violation-along-poonch-rajouri-jammu-loc-army/ Ceasefire violation along Poonch, Rajouri, Jammu LoC: Army], Greater Kashmir, 4 May 2025.</ref> After the Indian [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict|missile strikes]] on Pakistani terror infrastructure on 7 May, extensive shelling followed, killing 13 people, including four children and a Sikh [[Ragi (Sikhism)|ragi]]. It also damaged a Sikh gurdwara, an Islamic school (madrasa) and dozens of houses.<ref>Shweta Sharma, Mohammad Dawood, [https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/poonch-attack-india-pakistan-kashmir-strikes-operation-sindoor-b2747115.html Twins, 12, among those killed in Indian border town in Pakistani shelling: ‘We are paying with our blood’], Independent, 8 May 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/5/8/dont-want-war-kashmiri-towns-caught-in-deadly-india-pakistan-crossfire ‘Don’t want war’: Kashmiri towns caught in deadly India-Pakistan crossfire], Al Jazeera, 8 May 2025.</ref><ref>Nidhi Suresh, Anmol Pritam, [https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/poonchs-forgotten-victims-apathy-after-india-pak-ceasefire Poonch’s forgotten victims: Apathy after India-Pak ceasefire], The News Minute, 20 May 2025.</ref>

{{Historical populations
|source = <ref name=Census2011-town_pop/>
| cols = 1
| 1911
| 7,564
| 1921
| 7,026
| 1931
| 8,152
| 1941
| 8,608
| 1951
| 9,402
| 1961
| 10,196
| 1971
| 11,981
| 1981
| 14,171
| 2001
| 23,978
| 2011
| 26,854
}}

==Geography==
The town is at an elevation of {{convert|3349|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}},<ref name=fallingrain>{{citation |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Punch.html |title=Punch, India |work=Falling Rain Software Limited |access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref> on the bank of the [[Poonch River]] at its point of confluence with the [[Betar Nala]]. The Poonch river originates in the [[Pir Panjal]] range and flows west until the town of Poonch, after which it turns southwest. The Betar Nala originates northeast of the Poonch town, in the Pakistan-administered portion of the [[Poonch jagir|former district]].

==Climate==
Poonch has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), which is much cooler than much of the rest of India due to its moderately high elevation and northerly position. Winters are cool, with January daytime temperatures averaging 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) and nighttime temperatures falling below freezing. Summers are short and generally pleasant, with temperatures rarely exceeding 31 °C. Winters are marked by rainfall due to western disturbances, and snowfall is quite common in January and February.

The [[Pir Panjal]] range of mountains separates the Poonch Valley from the [[Kashmir Valley]]. With the completion of the [[Mughal Road]] in 2010, via the [[Pir Panjal Pass]], there is now a direct road link between the two areas.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Poonch had a population of 26,854,<ref name=Census2011-town_pop/> of which 16,063 were male (60%), and 10,791 were female (40%).<ref name=Census2011-town_pop>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A4.html |title=A-4 Towns And Urban Agglomerations Classified By Population Size Class In 2011 With Variation Since 1901 |work=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}} {{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/CLASS%20III.xlsx |title=Class - III Population of 20,000 and 49,999}}</ref> Poonch has an average literacy rate of 79%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Poonch, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Hinduism is the largest religion in the Poonch town, followed by 44.19% of people. Islam is the second-largest religion with 33.49% adherents. Christianity and Sikhism form 1.28% and 20.79% of the population respectively.<ref name="Poonch Population">{{cite web |title=Poonch Town Population |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800062-punch-jammu-and-kashmir.html |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=Census India}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Poonch Town (2011)<ref name="Poonch Population"/>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 44.19
|color1 = DarkOrange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 33.49
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 20.79
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 1.28
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|value5 = 0.03
|color5 = Gold
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|value6 = 0.01
|color6 = Brown
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.00
|color7 = Grey
|label8 = No Religion
|value8 = 0.22
|color8 = Black
}}

==Transportation==
===Road===
A bus across the [[Line of Control|LoC]], the Poonch-[[Rawalakot]] bus, has helped to re-establish ties across the border. The [[National Highway 144A (India)|NH 144A]] starts from [[Jammu]] and ends at Poonch, thus connecting Poonch to the rest of [[Jammu Division]] and India beyond. The [[Mughal Road]] via the [[Pir Panjal Pass]] connects Poonch to the [[Kashmir Valley]].

===Rail===
There is no rail connectivity to Poonch yet. [[Jammu–Poonch line|Jammu–Poonch Railway Line]] is a proposed railway line from Jammu Tawi station via the Historic City of Akhnoor to Poonch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/centre-nod-to-jammu-poonch-rail-line-after-several-years/|title=Centre nod to Jammu-Poonch rail line after several years|work=Daily Excelsior|date=23 December 2018 |access-date=24 December 2018}}</ref> The nearest major railway station to Poonch is [[Jammu Tawi railway station]], located at a distance of 236 kilometres and is a 6 hr drive. The nearest railway stations are [[Bijbehara railway station]] and [[Anantnag railway station]], both located at a distance of 152 kilometres from Poonch Town.

===Air===
[[Poonch Airport]] is a small airstrip which was constructed during [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]. The airport is currently non-operational. The nearest airport is [[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport|Srinagar International Airport]] located at a distance of 177 kilometres and is a 5.5 hr drive.

==See also==
{{Commons}}
* [[1947 Poonch Rebellion]]
* [[Kallai, Jammu and Kashmir|Kallai, Poonch District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). ''History of the Panjab Hill States'', Vol. I. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Pujab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter XXIII "Punch State", pp. 698–724.

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}
{{Poonch district, India}}
{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Poonch District, India]]
[[Category:Poonch District, India]]

Ilyushin Il-76

2026-03-24T13:56:01Z

Bhupendra:

{{Short description|Russian heavy four-engined military transport jet aircraft}}
{{Redirect|Il-76|the road|Illinois Route 76}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{use dmy dates|date= October 2024}}

{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Il-76
| image = Il-76MD-90A RF-78653.jpg
| caption = A [[Russian Air Force]] Il-76MD-90A
| type = Strategic and tactical [[airlift]]er
| national_origin = [[Soviet Union]] / [[Russia]]
| design_group = [[Ilyushin]]
| builder = [[Tashkent Aviation Production Association]] [[Aviastar-SP]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = {{Start date and age|25 March 1971}}
| introduction = {{Start date and age|June 1974}}<ref name=but2004/>
| status = In service
| primary_user = [[Soviet Air Forces]] (historical)
| more_users = [[Russian Aerospace Forces]] [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] [[Indian Air Force]] 
| produced = 1971–present
| number_built = 981<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://russianplanes.net/planelist/Ilushin/Il-76/78/A-50#years |website=russianplanes.net |title= САМОЛЁТЫ ИЛЬЮШИН ИЛ-76/78/А-50 - РЕЕСТР |access-date=13 January 2025}}</ref>
| variants = [[Ilyushin Il-78]] [[Beriev A-50]] [[Beriev A-60]] [[Beriev A-100]] [[Shaanxi KJ-2000]]
}}

The '''Ilyushin Il-76''' ({{langx|ru|Илью́шин Ил-76}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''Candid''') is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine [[turbofan]] [[strategic airlift]]er designed by the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Ilyushin]] design bureau as a commercial freighter in 1967, to replace the [[Antonov An-12]]. It was developed to deliver heavy machinery to remote and poorly served areas. Military versions of the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and Africa, including use as an [[aerial refueling]] tanker and command center.

The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items that cannot be carried by other means. It has also been used as an emergency response transport for civilian evacuations as well as for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the world. Thanks to its ability to operate from unpaved runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Specialized models have also been produced for [[aerial firefighting]] and [[Reduced-gravity aircraft|reduced-gravity training]].

==Design and development==
[[File:Volga-Dnepr IL-76 RA-76950 (8222957212) (2).jpg|thumb|The Il-76 is a [[high-wing]] freighter with [[Four-engined jet aircraft|four turbofans]] and a [[T-tail]]]]

===Origins===
The aircraft was conceived by [[Ilyushin]] in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of {{convert|40|t|lb}} over a range of {{convert|5000|km|nmi mi}} in less than six hours, able to operate from short (500 metres or less for a commercial airliner) and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It was intended to replace the [[Antonov An-12]]. Another project design for a double-decked 250-passenger airliner was canceled. The Il-76 first flew in {{start date|1971|3}}.<ref>{{cite news|title= Ilyushin|agency= [[Flight International]]|publisher= [[Flightglobal]] |date= 4 December 1996 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ilyushin-10206/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130523125647/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ilyushin-10206/|archive-date= 2013-05-23 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Production of Il-76s was allocated to the [[Tashkent Aviation Production Association]] in [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]], then a republic of the [[Soviet Union]]. Some 860 of the basic transport variants were manufactured.<ref name=butowski/> In the 1990s, modernized variants also equipped with [[Soloviev D-30]] turbofan engines<ref>{{cite journal|title=Commercial aircraft of the world–Ilyushin Il-76|journal=[[Flight International]] |date=4–10 September 1991|volume=4283|issue=140|pages=66 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%202340.html|access-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116075006/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%202340.html|archive-date=16 November 2017 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> were developed (MF, TF), with a cargo compartment {{cvt|20|m|||}} long by {{cvt|3.4|m|||}} wide by {{cvt|3.4|m|||}} tall; these larger variants were not produced in significant quantity due to the financial difficulties being experienced by the Russian Air Force, which was the primary operator of the type.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

===Further development===
From 2004 onwards, a number of aircraft in commercial service were modernized to the Il-76TD-90VD version; this involved the adoption of the newly developed [[Aviadvigatel PS-90|PS-90]] engine to comply with European noise limitations.<ref name=but2004>Butowski, Piotr. ''Iliuszyn Ił-76 powraca''. ''Lotnictwo'' nr. 9/2004, p. 28–32 {{in lang|pl}}</ref> In 2005, the [[People's Republic of China]] placed an order for 34 new Il-76MDs and four Il-78 tankers.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} In June 2013, Russian military export agency [[Rosoboronexport]] announced an order by China for 12 Il-76MD aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |title=IL-76MD aircraft will be provided to China |access-date=2013-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624074440/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |archive-date=2013-06-24 |url-status=dead}}{{unreliable source? |date=July 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Ильюшин Ил-76-78-А-50 0083483510, Москва - ВнуковоRP38653.jpg|thumb|Landing gear of an Ilyushin Il-76]]
[[File:Il-76 transport aircraft landing at the Brest airport.jpg|thumb|Landing of the Il-76 transport aircraft at the [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] airport]]
The Il-76 has also been modified into an [[Aerial refueling|airborne refueling tanker]], designated the [[Il-78]], around 50 aircraft having been produced.<ref name=butowski/> A variant of the Il-76 also serves as a firefighting [[waterbomber]]. Its airframe was used as a base for the [[Beriev]] [[Beriev A-50|A-50 'Mainstay']] [[Airborne Early Warning and Control|AEW&C]] (airborne early warning and control) aircraft; around 25 aircraft were made.<ref name=butowski/> Another application for the type was found in [[Antarctic]] support flights and for conducting [[reduced-gravity aircraft|simulated weightlessness]] training for [[cosmonauts]] (akin to the "Vomit Comet" used by NASA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Марка_России_2006г_№1073-Самолет_ИЛ-76ТД_и_научно-экспедиционное_судно_%22Академик_Федоров%22;_панорама_станции.jpg|title=File:Марка России 2006г №1073-Самолет ИЛ-76ТД и научно-экспедиционное судно "Академик Федоров"; панорама станции.jpg |date=2006-01-26|work=Stamps of Russia|publisher=Publishing and Trading Centre "Marka"|access-date=2009-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203513/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_2006%D0%B3_%E2%84%961073-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%9B-76%D0%A2%D0%94_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%22%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%22;_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg|archive-date=2013-10-29 |url-status=live}}</ref> Beriev and [[NPO Almaz]] also developed an [[airborne laser]] flying laboratory designated [[Beriev A-60|A-60]], of which two were built, much of this project's details remaining classified.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airwar.ru/enc/other/a60.html|title=âÅÒÉÅ× á-60|website=airwar.ru|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818093345/http://airwar.ru/enc/other/a60.html|archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Il-76MD-90A===
It was announced in 2010 that the production of a modernized Il-76, the Il-76MD-90A (also known as ''project Il-476'' during the design stage), would begin; a proposed new production line would be located in [[Aviastar-SP|Aviastar]]'s facility in [[Ulyanovsk]], Russia, and be operated in cooperation with the Tashkent works.<ref name=butowski>Butowski, Piotr. ''Rosyjski kontrakt na Ił-76 i Ił-78 dla Chin''. ''Lotnictwo'' nr. 1/2007, pp. 54–55 {{in lang|pl}}</ref> At that point, the construction of two Il-76MD-90A prototypes had begun at the Ulyanovsk facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vpk.name/news/41009_postavki_transportnikov_il476_zakazchikam_nachnutsya_v_2012_godu.html |title=Поставки транспортников Ил-476 заказчикам начнутся в 2012 году – ВПК.name |date=2 July 2010 |publisher=Vpk.name |access-date=2010-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124194410/http://vpk.name/news/41009_postavki_transportnikov_il476_zakazchikam_nachnutsya_v_2012_godu.html |archive-date=2011-01-24 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first Il-76MD-90A was rolled out at Aviastar's Ulyanovsk plant on 16 June 2014.<ref name="DID_Il-476"/> On 29 April 2015, it was reported that the [[Russian Aerospace Forces]] received the first Il-76MD-90A built at the Ulyanovsk plant "Aviastar-SP" from the 2012 contract for 39 aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150429/1061634982.html |script-title=ru:Первый серийный самолет Ил-76МД-90А передан Минобороны России |language=ru |trans-title=The first production aircraft Il-76MD-90A passed the Russian Defense Ministry |newspaper=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=29 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501143543/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150429/1061634982.html |archive-date=May 1, 2015}}</ref> The [[Russian Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) received its first serial production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A airlifter on 2 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/87659/russian-mod-receives-first-serial-production-il-76md-90a-airlifter |title=Russian MoD receives first serial production Il-76MD-90A airlifter | Jane's 360 |access-date=2019-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151310/https://www.janes.com/article/87659/russian-mod-receives-first-serial-production-il-76md-90a-airlifter |archive-date=2019-04-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of late 2025, 27 aircraft are ordered to be delivered in the period up to 2028 and 27+ had been built, six in 2023, six in 2024, and seven in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4357839?from=main_8 |title=Минобороны переоценило транспортные самолеты |date=28 May 2020|via=Kommersant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/1231263|title = Russian radars track 30 foreign spy planes and six drones over week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0129/153061471/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Предприятия ОАК выполнили гособоронзаказ в 2020 году |access-date= 30 January 2021 |archive-date= 8 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211108054216/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0129/153061471/detail.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0716/103063597/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Минобороны России получило новый военно-транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-90А |access-date= 18 July 2021 |archive-date= 10 December 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211210194719/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0716/103063597/detail.shtml |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0909/093064415/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Первый Ил-76МД-90А, собранный в АО "Авиастар-СП" на новой поточной линии, передан заказчику |access-date= 10 September 2021 |archive-date= 10 December 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211210194718/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0909/093064415/detail.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uacrussia.ru/ru/press-center/news/ocherednoy-seriynyy-samolet-il-76md-90a-peredan-v-ekspluatatsiyu|title=Очередной серийный самолет Ил-76МД-90А передан в эксплуатацию|website=www.uacrussia.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1012/091069867/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / ОАК передала Минобороны транспортники Ил-76МД-90А и Ил-76МД-М}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/defense/1542553 | title=Defense contractor delivers new top-notch military transport plane to Russian troops}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1230/150571078/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / ПАО «ОАК» выполнило гособоронзаказ 2022 года |website= armstrade.org |accessdate= 27 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=ЦАМТО / / ОАК: Минобороны за год получило шесть Ил-76, в планах утроить производство |website= armstrade.org |date= 26 December 2023 |url= https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1226/144077229/detail.shtml | language=ru | ref={{sfnref | armstrade.org | 2023}} | access-date= 27 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=ВКС России получили шестой в 2024 году военно-транспортный самолёт Ил-76МД-90А | website=bmpd | date=2024-12-31 | url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4885317.html | language=ru | ref={{sfnref|bmpd|2024}} | access-date=2025-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Malyasov | first=Dylan | title=Russia takes delivery of new Il-76MD-90A plane | website=Defence Blog | date=2025-09-02 | url=https://defence-blog.com/russia-takes-delivery-of-new-il-76md-90a-plane/ | access-date=2025-09-02}}</ref> In 2025, the production rate of the Il-76 reached 7 aircraft per year.<ref>{{cite web | title=Russia ramps up Ilyushin Il-76 production with 7 aircraft delivered in 2025 | website=AGN | date=2026-01-12 | url=https://aerospaceglobalnews.com/news/russian-il-76-production-2025/ | ref={{sfnref|AGN|2026}} | access-date=2026-02-08}}</ref> There are plans to expand production at the plant in Ulyanovsk and in 2027 it is expected to assemble 12 aircraft, and later - up to 18 per year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=РИА Новости |url=https://t.me/rian_ru/296501 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Telegram}}</ref>

==Operational history==
The first aircraft was delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974<ref name=but2004/> and subsequently became the main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976, it was operated by [[Aeroflot]].

[[File:2019 landing of Il-76MD on an unpaved airfield.webm|thumb|Video of Il-76MD landing on an unpaved runway]]
Between 1979 and 1991, Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted. As Afghan rebels were unable to shoot down high-flying Il-76s, their tactics were to try and damage it on takeoff or landing. Il-76s were often hit by shoulder-launched [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger]] and [[9K34 Strela-3|Strela]] heat-seeking missiles and large-calibre machine gun fire, but because the strong airframes were able to take substantial damage and remain operational, the aircraft had a remarkably low [[attrition rate]] during this period of conflict. Building on that earlier experience, during 2006 the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment airlifted into Afghanistan was flown in using rented civilian Il-76s.<ref>[http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/cmte/CommitteePublication.aspx?SourceId=187014 Canadian Parliament Website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013150828/http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/cmte/CommitteePublication.aspx?SourceId=187014 |date=October 13, 2007}}</ref> In 2006, the Russian Air Force had about 200 Il-76s. Civilian users in Russia have 108.<ref name=butowski/>

[[File:Indian Air Force IL-76 cockpit.JPG|thumb|[[USAF]] and [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] airmen work inside the cockpit of an Indian Il-76]]
In 2004, a Chinese [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] (PLAAF) Il-76 carried out a flight mission in Afghanistan, and later in 2011, PLAAF Il-76s were sent to Libya to evacuate Chinese citizens. The two missions were the reported first steps of PLAAF developing long-range transportation capability.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |title= IL-76s' mission in PLAAF, China |access-date= 6 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015141956/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |archive-date= 15 October 2011 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

[[Syrian Air Force]] Il-76s, operating as civil [[Syrianair]] aircraft, have been reportedly used to ship weapons, money, and other cargo from Russia and Iran to Syria, according to a defected Syrian military pilot. Since the start of the war, in April 2011 (and up to July 2012), around 20 military flights have been conducted to and from [[Tehran]], via [[Iraq]]i airspace. Further information exposes that since around 2012, Syrian Il-76s have regularly flown to Moscow's [[Vnukovo Airport]] to fetch shipments of [[Syrian pound|Syrian banknotes]] that have been useful to [[Bashar al-Assad]]'s government to survive [[International sanctions against Syria|international sanctions]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9949957/I-flew-secret-missions-carrying-cash-and-weapons-into-Syria-for-Assad-pilot-reveals.html |location= London |work= The Daily Telegraph |first= Nigel |last= Wilson |title= I flew secret missions carrying cash and weapons into Syria for Assad, pilot reveals |date=24 March 2013 |access-date= 3 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180413063140/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9949957/I-flew-secret-missions-carrying-cash-and-weapons-into-Syria-for-Assad-pilot-reveals.html |archive-date=13 April 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/flight-records-list-russia-sending-tons-of-cash-to-syria|title=Flight Records Say Russia Sent Syria Tons of Cash |first= Jeff Larson |last= Dafna Linzer |date= 26 November 2012 |website= ProPublica |access-date= 26 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190125160838/https://www.propublica.org/article/flight-records-list-russia-sending-tons-of-cash-to-syria |archive-date= 25 January 2019 |url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/032600032347en.htm#.Ud5Cym15uJI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417065522/http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/032600032347en.htm |url-status= dead |title= NEWS – AZERBAIJAN – TURAN NEWS AGENCY |archive-date= 17 April 2013 |website= www.contact.az}}</ref>

On 30 January 2017, an Il-76 firebomber of the Russian EMERCOM agency was deployed to [[Chile]] to assist firefighters. The assignment took 39 days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fireaviation.com/2017/02/27/russian-il-76-completes-its-assignment-in-chile/|title=Russian IL-76 completes its assignment in Chile|last=Gabbert|first=Bill|website=Fire Aviation |access-date= 2017-06-12 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170629231957/http://fireaviation.com/2017/02/27/russian-il-76-completes-its-assignment-in-chile/|archive-date=2017-06-29 |url-status= live |date= 2017-02-27}}</ref>

All Il-76 transport aircraft in service with the RF Aerospace Forces were to receive anti-missile systems, and aircraft reconfiguration started in spring 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/august/5326-il-76-aircraft-to-receive-new-onboard-defense-systems.html |title=Il-76 aircraft to receive new onboard defense systems |access-date=2019-08-15 |archive-date= 11 September 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230911124721/http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/august/5326-il-76-aircraft-to-receive-new-onboard-defense-systems.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Variants==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2013}}
{{Expand Russian |Ил-76 |date= October 2022 |section=yes |topic=transp}}

===Prototypes and developmental variants===
[[File:4K-AZ100, Neubrandenburg Airport, 2012-12-28 (41).jpg|thumb|Il-76TD-90, [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]] engines have larger diameter.]]

;Il-76TD-90/Il-76MD-90: Engine upgrades to Perm PS-90s.
;Il-76 firebomber: Firefighting aircraft to drop exploding capsules filled with fire retardant.
;Il-76PSD: SAR version of Il-76MF
;Il-96: Early development of convertible passenger/cargo aircraft, (project only, designation re-used later)
;Il-150: Proposed Beriev A-50 with Perm PS-90 engines.
;[[Beriev A-60]]: Airborne laser weapon testbed (Il-76 version 1A)

====Special purpose/research variants====
[[File:Gromov Flight Test Institute Ilyushin Il-76LL with one Aviadvigatel PD-14 engine.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76LL with [[Aviadvigatel PD-14|PD-14]] engine prototype under testing, 2015]]
[[File:008-Il-76TD-Candid-2007.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76TD glass nose which serves as the [[flight navigator]]'s station.]]
[[File:Beriev Be-976 (Il-76SKIP), Flight Research Institute AN0076932.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76LL SKIP testbed, 1999 flying with [[Aeroflot]] markings]]
[[File:Gctc il-76mdk chkalovsky 4444.jpg|thumb|[[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center|GCTC]] Il-76MDK in 2025]]
[[File:Il76md10.jpg|thumb|IAF IL-76 unloading an [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]] in [[Ladakh]]]]

;Il-76LL: With reinforced wing (at least 3 aircraft) to be used as test-bed airplane for engine prototypes flight testing in [[Gromov Flight Research Institute]].
;Izdeliye-176: Prototype Il-76PP.
;Izdeliye-576:
;Izdeliye-676: Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use during trial programmes (prototype).
;Izdeliye-776: Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use during trial programmes (prototype).
;Izdeliye-976 ("SKIP", Il-976, or Il-76SK)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html#m6 |title=The Ilyushin Il-76, A-50 AWACS / Aircraft 976 |work=airvectors.net |date= 1 April 2020 |access-date= 4 April 2020}}</ref> – (СКИП – Самолетный Контрольно-Измерительный Пункт, Airborne Check-Measure-and-Control Center): Il-76/A-50 based range control and missile tracking platform. Initially built to support [[Raduga Kh-55|Raduga Kh-55 cruise missile]] tests.
;Izdeliye-1076: Special mission aircraft for unknown duties.
;Izdeliye-1176: ELINT electronic intelligence aircraft, or Il-76-11
;Il-76-Tu160 tailplane transporter: One-off temporary conversion to support Tu-160 emergency modification programme.
;Il-76K/Il-76MDK/Il-76MDK-II: [[Reduced-gravity aircraft]] for cosmonaut training used by [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]].
;Il-76LL: Engine testbed (''ooniversahl'naya letayuschchaya laboratoriya'').
;Il-76PP: ECM aircraft, major problems with ECM equipment on the Izdeliye-176 only.
;Il-84: Maritime search and rescue aircraft (alternative designation – Il-76PS – ''poiskovo-spasahtel'nyy''), not produced.

===Military variants===
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A with aurora and meteor.jpg|thumb|right| Il-76MD-90A of the Russian Aerospace Forces]]
[[File:Tail turret of Il-76MD ‘RF-76743’ (37078748876).jpg|thumb|right|Il-76MD [[GSh-23]] tail guns]]
[[File:In Ilyushin Il-76MD.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76MD cargo cabin]]
[[File:Ilyshin Il-76VKP(Il-82) (4321311317).jpg|thumb|An Il-76VKP/-82 flying under the [[Aeroflot]] [[Brand|brand name]]]]

;Il-76D: ('D' for "Desantnyi", ''Десантный'' – "paratrooper transport") has a gun turret in the tail for defensive purposes.
;Il-76M: Military transport version, (''modifitseerovannyy'' – modified).
;Il-76MD: Improved military transport version, (''modifitseerovannyy Dahl'ny'' – modified, long-range).
;Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT: Mobile Hospital
;Il-76M/Il-76MD: Built without military equipment but designated as Ms and MDs (Gordon – 'Falsies')
;Il-76MD-90: An Il-76MD with quieter and more economical [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]] high-bypass turbofan engines.
;Il-76MF: Stretched military version with a {{cvt|6.6|m|ft}} longer fuselage, PS-90A-76 engines, maximum takeoff weight of {{cvt|210|t|lb}} and a lift capability of {{cvt|60|t|lb}}. First flew in 1995. Two built and delivered to the [[Royal Jordanian Air Force]],<ref name=but2004/> later sold to the [[Egyptian Air Force]].
;Il-76MD-M: Modernized Il-76MD for the Russian Aerospace Forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ilyushin.org/press/news/ev3992/?sphrase_id=19202|title=ОАО "Ил" приступило к работам по модернизации... {{!}} ОАО "Ил"|website=ilyushin.org|access-date=2017-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308225055/http://ilyushin.org/press/news/ev3992/?sphrase_id=19202|archive-date=2017-03-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0313/104545769/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Первый модернизированный транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-М передан Минобороны России|website=armstrade.org|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035446/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0313/104545769/detail.shtml|archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/march/4157-russian-air-force-receives-first-upgraded-ilyushin-il-76md-m.html|title=Russian Air Force receives first upgraded Ilyushin Il-76MD-M|website=airrecognition.com|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127094122/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/march/4157-russian-air-force-receives-first-upgraded-ilyushin-il-76md-m.html|archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76MD-90A: An upgraded version with a new glass cockpit, upgraded avionics, new one-piece carbon-fibre wing, and Aviadvigatel PS-90A-76 engines. It was also known as '''Il-476''' while in development.<ref name=DID_Il-476>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/il-476-russia-begins-production-of-modernized-jet-transports-07569/|title=IL-476: Russia's New Medium-Heavy Transport Jet|website=Defense Industry Daily|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195858/https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/il-476-russia-begins-production-of-modernized-jet-transports-07569/|archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-news-2015/january-2015-air-force-military-aviation-defence-industry-news/1397-first-serial-production-ilyushin-il-76md-90a-strategic-airlifter-made-its-maiden-flight.html |title=First serial-production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A strategic airlifter made its maiden flight |date=January 5, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113053753/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-news-2015/january-2015-air-force-military-aviation-defence-industry-news/1397-first-serial-production-ilyushin-il-76md-90a-strategic-airlifter-made-its-maiden-flight.html |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Designated as '''Il-76-MD-90AE''' for the export market.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Military transport aircraft IL-76MD-90AE {{!}} Catalog Rosoboronexport |url=https://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/military-transport/il-76md-90ae/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=[[Rosoboronexport]]}}</ref>
;Il-76T/Il-76TD: Built as military aircraft but given civilian designations. (Gordon – 'Falsie')
;[[Ilyushin Il-78]]/Il-78M/Il-78MD-90A: Aerial refueling tanker.
;Il-78 MKI: A customized version of the Il-78 developed for the Indian Air Force.
;Il-82: Airborne Command Post/communications relay aircraft, (alternative designation – Il-76VKP – 'version65S').
;[[Beriev A-50]]/Beriev A-50M/Beriev A-50I/Beriev A-50E: Airborne Early Warning & Control aircraft. Beriev given control over the program.
;[[Beriev A-100]]: An AEW&C version of the Il-76MD-90A. Currently in development, with at least two prototypes built.

===Civil variants===
[[File:Il-76 Iraq.jpg|thumb|A commercial variant of the Ilyushin Il-76, loading cargo at Ali Air Base, [[Iraq]]]]
[[File:Watertanker IL-76D of IRGC.jpg|thumb|An Il-76TD belonging to the [[IRGC]], used as a [[Aerial firefighting|firefighting aircraft]]]]
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76TD-90VD, Volga-Dnepr Airlines AN1838477.jpg|thumb|A [[Volga-Dnepr Airlines]] Il-76TD-90VD flying commercial operations]]

;Il-76MGA: Initial commercial freighter (two prototypes and 12 production) equipped with [[Soloviev D-30]] turbofan engines.<ref name="airvectors.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html|title=The Ilyushin Il-76|website=airvectors.net|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410194810/http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html|archive-date=10 April 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76MD to Il-76TD conversions: Complete removal of military equipment, identified by crude cover over OBIGGS inlet in Starboard Sponson.
;Il-76P/Il-76TP/Il-76TDP/Il-76MDP: firefighting aircraft. The Il-76 waterbomber is a VAP-2 1.5-hour install/removal tanking kit conversion. The Il-76 can carry up to {{convert|13000|usgal|l|order=flip}} of water; 3.5 times the capacity of the [[C-130 Hercules]]. Since this kit can be installed on any Il-76, the designation Il-76TP, Il-76TDP are also used when those versions of the Il-76 are converted into waterbombers. The Il-76P was first unveiled in 1990.
;Il-76T: ('T' for Transport, Транспортный) unarmed civil cargo transport version. NATO code-name "Candid-A". It first flew on November 4, 1978.
;Il-76TD: The civil equivalent of the Il-76MD, first flew in 1982, equipped with [[Soloviev D-30]] turbofan engines.<ref name="airvectors.net"/>
;Il-76TD-90: An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial [[glass cockpit]].
;Il-76TD-90VD: An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial [[glass cockpit]]. It was developed specially for Volga-Dnepr cargo company, which operates five aircraft as of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.volga-dnepr.com/en/fleet/IL-76/ |title=IL-76TD – the heavy cargo-carrying ramp aircraft |website=[[Volga-Dnepr]] |access-date=January 10, 2021 |language=en |quote=Volga-Dnepr has 5 modernized Ilyushin-76-TD-90-VD aircraft in its fleet.}}</ref>
;Il-76TD-S: Civilian mobile hospital, similar to Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT.
;Il-76TF: Civil transport stretched version with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines. It is the civil version of the Il-76MF (none produced).

===Foreign variants===
[[File:Beriev A-50EI Mainstay2009.jpg|thumb|A-50E/I Mainstay of the Indian Air Force]]

;Beriev A-50E/I: For the Indian Air Force. Hosts Israeli [[EL/W-2090|Phalcon radar]] for AEW&C and [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]] engines.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/mil_aircraft/20080609_air_force.html|title=domain-b.com : Air Force starts flight tests of first Phalcon Il-76 airborne early warning system|website=domain-b.com|date=9 June 2008 |access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213173324/https://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/mil_aircraft/20080609_air_force.html|archive-date=13 December 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76MD tanker: Iraqi Air Force tanker conversions.
;[[Shaanxi KJ-2000]]: Domestic [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] airborne early warning and control conversion of Il-76, developed after [[Beriev A-50#Variants|A-50I]] was canceled and currently in service with the armed forces of [[China]].
;CFTE engine testbed: The China Flight Test Establishment (CFTE) currently operates a flying testbed converted from a Russian-made Il-76MD jet transport aircraft to serve as a flying testbed for future engine development programmes. The first engine to be tested on the aircraft is the WS-10A "Taihang" turbofan, currently being developed as the powerplant for China's indigenous J-10 and J-11 fighter aircraft. Il-76MD #76456, acquired by the AVIC 1 from Russia in the 1990s, is currently based at CFTE's flight test facility at Yanliang, Shaanxi Province.
;Baghdad-1: Iraqi development with a radar mounted in the cargo hold enabling it to serve as AEW&C, used in the Iran–Iraq War.
;Baghdad-2: Iraqi development (with French assistance) with [[fibreglass]]-reinforced [[plastic]] radome over the antenna of the [[Thomson-CSF]] Tiger G surveillance radar with a maximum detection range of {{cvt|350|km|nmi mi}}. One was destroyed on the ground during the 1991 [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]]; two others were flown to Iran where they remained.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lUN__e4yC_IC&pg=PA149-IA10|title=AEW&C and Hawkeyes – The Complete History of Airborne Early Warning|access-date=26 January 2019|isbn=978-0-7603-1140-0|last1=Armistead|first1=Leigh|last2=Armistead|first2=Edwin Leigh|year=2002}}</ref> At least one went into service with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force|IRIAF]]. One aircraft [[2009 Iranian Air Force mid-air collision|crashed]] following a midair collision with a [[HESA Saeqeh]] fighter, during the annual Iranian military parade in Tehran.<ref>{{YouTube|l6OO0TXqTZc|IRIAF IL-76MD "Simorgh" (Phoenix) AWACS Crash (Sep 22, 2009)}}</ref> It can be distinguished from the [[Beriev A-50]] by having the Il-76 navigator windows in the nose, which the A-50 does not.

==Operators==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2013}}
[[File:World operators of the Il-76.png|thumb|upright=1.4|Present and former Il-76 operators
{{legend|#fe0000|Military operators}}
{{legend|#008000|Civilian operators}}
{{legend|#0080ff|Military and civilian operators}}]]
{{Main|List of Ilyushin Il-76 operators}}

=== Military operators ===
[[File:PLAAF Ilyushin Il-76 landing at Perth Airport.jpg|thumb|[[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] Il-76 landing at [[Perth Airport]], [[Australia]]. This aircraft took part in the [[Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370]].]]

;{{Flag|Algeria}}
* [[Algerian Air Force]] – 11 Il-76MD / Il-76TD and 5 Il-78TD in service.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Embraer |first=In association with |title=2025 World Air Forces directory |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/2025-world-air-forces-directory/160846.article |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Angola}}
* [[National Air Force of Angola]] – 7 Il-76MD and Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Armenia}}
* [[Armenian Air Force]] – 3 Il-76M/Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
* [[Azerbaijani Air Forces|Azerbaijani Air Forces and Air Defense Troops]] – 2 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Belarus}}
* [[Belarusian Air Force|Air Force and Air Defence Forces of Belarus]] – 2 Il-76MD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|China}}
* [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] – 26 Il-76MD / Il-76TD, 3 [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78M]], and 4 [[Shaanxi KJ-2000|KJ-2000]] in service.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Use your Ilyushin edit1.jpg|thumb|[[Indian Air Force]] Il-76 landing at [[Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport]] located in [[Leh]]]]
;{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
* [[Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] - 3 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Egypt}}
* [[Egyptian Air Force]] – 2 Il-76MF in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
* [[Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea National Guard]] - 1 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|India}}
* [[Indian Air Force]] – 17 Il-76MD, 6 [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]], and 3 [[Beriev A-50|A-50EI]] in service. 2 A-50EI on order.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:RF-76779 IL76(MD) Russian Air Force CKL UUMU (35986335806).jpg|thumb|A [[Russian Air Force]] Il-76MD at [[Chkalovsky Air Base]]]]
;{{Flag|Iran}}
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force]] – 6 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force|Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Aerospace Force]] – 3 Il-76MD / Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Jordan}}
* [[Royal Jordanian Air Force]] – 1 Il-76TD in service.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF-360) IL-76TD Prestwick Airport [4K/UHD] | date=7 September 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEwWyglzCp4 |access-date=2023-11-04 |language=en |via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref name=":1" />
[[File:UK-76007@PEK (20200328162009).jpg|thumb|[[Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces]] Il-76 landing at [[Beijing Capital International Airport]]]]
;{{PRK}}
* [[Korean People's Army Air Force]] - 1 modified Il-76TD for [[AEW&C]]<ref name="Trevithick">{{cite news |last=Trevithick |first=Joseph |date=27 March 2025 |title=First North Korean Airborne Early Warning Jet Flies, Kim Shows Off Interior |url=https://www.twz.com/air/first-north-korean-airborne-early-warning-jet-flies-kim-shows-off-interior |access-date=28 March 2025 |work=The War Zone |publisher=Recurrent Ventures |location=}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Russia}}
* [[Russian Aerospace Forces]] – Approximately 130 Il-76, 19 [[Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78]] and 12 [[Beriev A-50|A-50]]/[[Beriev A-100|A-100]] in service. 7 Il-76MD-90A, 31 Il-78M-90A on order. More in reserve storage.<ref name=":1" />
* [[National Guard of Russia]] – 9 Il-76M / Il-76MD in service.<ref name=":2">The Military Balance 2016, p. 200.</ref>
* [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]] - 3 in service.<ref name=":2" />
* [[Rossiya Airlines|Rossiya - Special Flight Detachment]]
;{{Flag|Sudan}}
* [[Sudanese Air Force]] – 1 Il-76TD in service<ref name=":1" />
;{{UKR}}
* [[Ukrainian Air Force]] - Unknown Il-76 in service{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=213}}
;{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
* [[Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces]] – 3 Il-76MD in service.<ref name=":1" />

=== Former military operators ===
[[File:Il-76T 5A-DNK at Mitiga 20091005 cropped.jpg|thumb|A Libyan Il-76 at [[Mitiga International Airport]] in 2009]]

;{{Flag|Iraq|1963}}
* [[Iraqi Air Force]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wings of Iraq, Volume 2: The Iraqi Air Force, 1970-1980 |last1=Sipos |first1=Milos |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-914377-17-4 |location=Warwick |page=IX |last2=Cooper |first2=Tom}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Libya|1977}}
* [[Libyan Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Probe-And-Drogue - The Story Of Libya's Ill-Fated In-Flight Refuelling Programme |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/08/probe-and-drogue-story-of-libyas-ill.html |website=Oryx |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76 in 1983.JPEG|thumb|Il-76 of the [[Soviet Air Forces]]]]
;{{Flag|Soviet Union|}}
* [[Soviet Air Forces]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
;{{SYR}}
* [[Syrian Arab Air Force]] operated four, including three Il-76Ms. They were shared with [[Syrian Arab Airlines]].<ref name=":01Sy"/> The [[Fall of the Assad regime|Syrian government of Al-Assad fell to rebels]] in late 2024, and the Syrian Arab Air Force was dismantled. It was re-established as [[Syrian Air Force]], but the revolution, and the Israeli air strikes that followed it, wrecked havoc in the inventory of the Air Force. In late 2025, the World Air Forces publication by [[FlightGlobal]], which tracks the aircraft inventories of world's air forces and publishes its counts annually, removed all Syrian Air Force's aircraft from their World Air Forces 2026 report. It is thus questionable if the Syrian Air Force has any flying aircraft in their inventory, and in particular, any Il-76, as of December 2025.<ref name="World Air Forces 2026"/>
;{{Flag|Yemen|}}
* [[Yemeni Air Force]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7 |location=Warwick, UK |pages=33, I}}</ref>
;{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
* [[Air Force of Zimbabwe]]<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=210}}</ref>

===Civil operators===
[[File:EP-PUS 01.jpg|thumb|A [[Pouya Air]] Il-76 landing at [[Mehrabad Airport]] in Dec 2023]]

;{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
* [[Azal Avia Cargo]]
* [[Silk Way Airlines]]
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76TD EW-78826 FRA 2006-5-10.png|thumb|A [[TransAVIAexport Airlines|TransAVIAexport]] Ilyushin Il-76TD at [[Frankfurt Airport]]]]
;{{flag|Belarus}}
* Belcanto Airlines
* [[TransAVIAexport Airlines]]
;{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
* [[Government of Kazakhstan]]
;{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
* Fly Sky Airlines operates two Il-76TD aircraft<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabricius |first=Darren Olivier and Peter |date=2025-10-09 |title=What's with all these Russian-made aircraft flying above Pretoria? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-10-09-south-africans-have-their-eyes-peeled-for-russians-in-the-sky/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:AIR KORYO IL76,S P912 AND P914 AT PYONGYANG SUNAN AIRPORT DPRK NORTH KOREA OCT 2012 (8656695412).jpg|thumb|A pair of [[Air Koryo]] Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft at [[Pyongyang International Airport]]]]
;{{PRK}}
* [[Air Koryo]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-30 |title=Airshow Review – Wonsan Air Festival, North Korea |url=https://www.globalaviationresource.com/v2/2016/09/30/airshow-review-wonsan-air-festival-north-korea/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=GAR - We've got aviation covered |language=en-GB}}</ref>
;{{flag|Russia}}
* [[Aviacon Zitotrans]]
* [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)|Ministry of Emergency Situations]]
* [[Roscosmos]] – [[reduced-gravity aircraft]] used for cosmonaut training by [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]]
* [[Volga-Dnepr Airlines]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Volga-Dnepr evaluates stretched AN-124-102 for special aerospace and industrial payloads |url=http://www.jamierochepr.co.uk/newsletters/volga-dnepr/august2008/download/Volga-Dnepr_Big_News_Issue_15.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228213247/http://www.jamierochepr.co.uk/newsletters/volga-dnepr/august2008/download/Volga-Dnepr_Big_News_Issue_15.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-28 |access-date=2009-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=News |url=http://www.heavyliftpfi.com/content/NewsItem.aspx?id=3747 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113203123/http://www.heavyliftpfi.com/content/NewsItem.aspx?id=3747 |archive-date=2012-01-13 |access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fleet in Flight Radar |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/volga-dnepr-airlines-vi-vda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035239/https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/volga-dnepr-airlines-vi-vda |archive-date=2017-09-25 |access-date=2017-09-24}}</ref>
;{{TKM}}
* [[Turkmenistan Airlines]] operates four Il-76TDs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
;{{UAE}}
* [[Maximus Air]] operates one IL-76TD.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
;{{UNO}}
* The [[United Nations Humanitarian Air Service]] has operated several of the type from the early to mid-1990s to now. Most of them are either ex-[[Aeroflot]] or one that the Russian Aerospace Forces has lent to the UN.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
;{{USA}}
* Meridican, Inc, operating an Il-78 with registration N20NS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2024 |title=FAA Registry N-Number Inquiry Results |url=https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberInquiry |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=FAA Aircraft Inquiry}}</ref>
;{{UZB}}
* [[Uzbekistan Airways]] used to operate 14 Il-76TDs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Former civil operators===
;{{ANG}}
* [[Angola Air Charter]] operated an Il-76.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
;{{ARM}}
* [[Air Highnesses]] used to own and operate Il-76T (EK-76300) on behalf of [[Aéro-Service]] before it crashed.<ref name="AVHerald1Dec2012" />
* Dvin Airlines used to operate an Il-76TD.
* [[Yerevan-Avia]] used to operate two Il-76 (EK86724 and EK86817).
;{{flag|Bahrain}}
* Global Aviation Services<ref>Retrieved 2 December 2015. FlightStats. [http://www.flightstats.com/go/FlightStatus/flightStatusByFlight.do?airline=%285S%29+Global+Aviation+Services&flightNumber=509&departureDate=2015-12-01&x=16&y=5%7C(5S) Global Aviation Services 509 Flight Status] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704071438/http://www.flightstats.com/go/FlightStatus/flightStatusByFlight.do?airline=%285S%29+Global+Aviation+Services&flightNumber=509&departureDate=2015-12-01&x=16&y=5%7C(5S)|date=2017-07-04}}</ref>
;{{BLR}}
* [[Belavia]] operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1999.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* [[Gomelavia]] operated five Il-76TD.
;{{BFA}}
* [[Faso Airways]] operated a Il-76TD.<ref name="african migs p245" />
;{{CAM}}
* Imtrec Aviation operated a Laotian registered Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{IDN}}
*Penas Air Cargo
;{{COD}}
* [[Air Congo]] operated an Il-76TD.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{CGO}}
* The Republic of the Congo operates an Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* [[Trans Air Congo]] has operated an Il-76T.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
;{{CUB}}
* [[Cubana de Aviación]] used to operate two Il-76MDs.{{sfn|Jackson|Munson|Taylor|1995|page=317}}
;{{EQG}}
* Ecuatorial Cargo operated one Il-76TD.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Express International Cargo{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{GEO}}
* Sun Way has operated the Il-76TD.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ZXa6ZzOQCKA Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210115220240/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXa6ZzOQCKA Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXa6ZzOQCKA|access-date=17 January 2021|title=The Plane That Should NOT Have Been Flying |work=Mini Air Crash Investigation |date=2020-11-25 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
;{{HUN}}
* Atlant Hungary has operated the Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Hungarian Ukrainian Air Cargo has operated the Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{IRN}}
* Atlas Air has operated at least eight Il-76TD.
* [[Chabahar Airlines|Chabahar Air]] has operated at least two Il-76TD.
* [[Mahan Air]] has operated the Il-76.
* [[Payam Air]] operated two Il-76TD.
* [[Qeshm Air]] operated two Il-76TD (airline disestablished).
* [[Safiran Airlines]]
* [[Yas Air]] operated two Il-76TDs (registered as EP-GOL and EP-GOM).
;{{JOR}}
* [[Jordan International Air Cargo]] – has operated two Il-76MFs delivered in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jiac.com.jo/Default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722071053/http://www.jiac.com.jo/Default.aspx |url-status=dead|title=Jordan International Air Cargo|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> and operated for the [[Royal Jordanian Air Force]] which were sold to Egypt in 2018 and were delivered in 2019.<ref name="weaponews.com">{{Cite web |title=Jordan gave Egypt two military transport Il-76MF |url=https://weaponews.com/news/65353379-jordan-gave-egypt-two-military-transport-il-76mf.html |access-date=2019-08-05 |website=weaponews.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:IL-76 in Antarctica.jpg|thumb|GST Aero Il-76 at [[Patriot Hills Base Camp]], Antarctica]]
;{{KAZ}}
* [[Air Kazakhstan]] operated Il-76 aircraft until its closure in 2004.
* [[Kazakhstan Airlines]] operated the Il-76TD before its closure in 1997.
* [[Sayakhat Airlines]] operated the Il-76 previously.
* Air Almaty operates an Il-76TD for leased operations.<ref>[http://www.airalmaty.kz/index.php?mode=view&r=6&p=2&lang=en "Lease"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924051928/http://www.airalmaty.kz/index.php?mode=view&r=6&p=2&lang=en|date=2009-09-24}}. AirAlmaty.kz</ref>
* GST Aero
;{{KGZ}}
* [[Botir Avia]] used to operate three, including one Il-76MD and two Il-76TD.
* [[Kyrgyzstan Airlines]] operates one Il-76TD.
;{{LAO}}
* Imtrec aviation of Cambodia used to operate Laos registered Il-76TD.
;{{LAT}}
* [[Inversija]] operated four, including three Il-76Ts and one Il-76TD.{{sfn|Jackson|Munson|Taylor|1995|page=317}}
;{{LBA}}
* Jamahiria Air Transport operated five Il-76M and 12 Il-76TD.{{sfn|Jackson|Munson|Taylor|1995|page=317}}
* [[Libyan Air Cargo]], the cargo division of [[Libyan Arab Airlines]], operates 21, including one Il-76M and 15 Il-76TD.
;{{MLI}}
* Transafrica Airlines
;{{MDA}}
* [[Aerocom]] operated an Il-76MD as well as an Il-76T until as late as January 2005.
* Airline Transport operated a number of Il-76 aircraft, losing three in accidents in 2004 and 2005.
* Jet Line International used to operate the Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jetlineintl.com/ |title=Jet Line |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215155013/http://www.jetlineintl.com/ |archive-date=2007-12-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Tiramavia
;{{RUS}}
* [[Aeroflot]] operated large numbers of aircraft, especially during Soviet years, often on behalf of the Soviet military. However, none remain in service with the airline.
* Air STAN operated an Il-76TD.
* ALAK operated Il-76 aircraft before its closure in 1999.
* ATLANT-SOYUZ operated several Il-76TD
* [[Aviaenergo]] operated the aircraft, but none remain in service.
* [[Continental Airways]] has operated the Il-76 in the past, but does not do so currently.
* Dacono Air has operated the Il-76.
* [[Domodedovo Airlines]] has operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* [[East Line Group|East Line]] used to operate the Il-76.
* [[Ilavia Airline]] used to operate six, including two Il-76MDs and four Il-76TDs.
* [[KrasAir]] operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* [[Krylo Airlines]] operated two Il-76TDs into 2005.
* [[Moscow Airways]] operated an Il-76TD in the early 1990s.
* [[Novosibirsk Air Enterprise]] operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* [[Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise]] operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* [[Red Wings Airlines]] used to operate two Il-76TDs.
* [[Abakan Avia|Royal Flight]]
* Spair Airlines
* [[Tesis Aviation Enterprise]] used to operate nine Il-76TDs.
* Tyumen Airlines
* Uralinteravia
;{{SRB}}
* [[Air Tomisko]] operated 3 Il-76TDs. Two were leased from GST Aero which had been before in service of Kosmas Air, and one more was added in May 2006.<ref name="blic">[http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Hronika/125844/Trgovao-oruzjem-sa-bivsim--agentima-KGB Trgovao oružjem sa bivšim agentima KGB] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610195116/http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Hronika/125844/Trgovao-oruzjem-sa-bivsim--agentima-KGB |date=2015-06-10}} at [[Blic]] Online, 17-12-2009, retrieved 19-11-2013 {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
* [[Kosmas Air]] operated two Il-76TDs leased from GST Aero.<ref name="blic"/>
;{{SLE}}
* [[Aerolift]] Sierra Leone used to operate Il-76 aircraft for special charter and cargo lift operations.<ref>"[http://www.aerolift.org/files/fleet/il76.htm Ilyushin 76] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928154043/http://www.aerolift.org/files/fleet/il76.htm |date=2007-09-28}}", ''[http://www.aerolift.org/ Aerolift] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312073251/http://www.aerolift.org/ |date=2007-03-12}}''</ref>
;{{USSR}}
* Aeroflot was the main civil user of the aircraft during the period of the Soviet Union, although many of its aircraft were operated on behalf of the military.
* Jet Air Cargo was one of the first civil operators of the Il-76 in Russia other than Aeroflot.
;{{SUD}}
* [[Air West]] operated at least six aircraft, although it is unclear how many remain in service.<ref name="african migs p244">{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=244}}</ref>
* East West Cargo operated a number of Il-76s.<ref name="african migs p244" />
* [[Juba Air Cargo]] operated the Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jubacargo.com/ |title=JUBA Cargo |access-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205051448/http://jubacargo.com/ |archive-date=2006-12-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Badr Airlines]] operated two Il-76s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.badrairlines.com/|title=Badr Airlines – Your Load in Good Hands! |date=June 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624124057/http://www.badrairlines.com/|archive-date=2009-06-24}}</ref>
* Trans Attico operated two Il-76TDs.<ref name="african migs p245">{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=245}}</ref>
* Alfa Airlines
* [[Azza Transport]] used to operate two Il-76TDs.<ref name="african migs p244" />
* [[Green Flag Airlines]]
;{{SYR}}
* [[Syrian Arab Airlines]] operated four, including three Il-76Ms. They were shared with [[Syrian Arab Air Force]].<ref name=":01Sy">{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=90688 |title = World Air Forces 2023 |newspaper = Flight Global |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2023 |access-date= 30 July 2023}}</ref> The [[Fall of the Assad regime|Syrian government of Al-Assad fell to rebels]] in late 2024, and the Syrian Arab Air Force was dismantled. It was re-established as [[Syrian Air Force]], but the revolution, and the Israeli air strikes that followed it, wrecked havoc in the inventory of the Air Force. In late 2025, the World Air Forces publication by [[FlightGlobal]], which tracks the aircraft inventories of world's air forces and publishes its counts annually, removed all Syrian Air Force's aircraft from their World Air Forces 2026 report. It is thus questionable if the Syrian Air Force has any flying aircraft in their inventory, and in particular, any Il-76, as of December 2025. Since the Il-76 were shared with Syrian Arab Airlines, the same can be said about Syrian Arab Airlines as well.<ref name="World Air Forces 2026">{{cite report |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |year=2025 |title=World Air Forces 2026 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=113841 |access-date=20 December 2025 |publisher=[[FlightGlobal]] |page=4 }}</ref>
;{{UKR}}
* Air Service Ukraine operated the Il-76MD.
* [[Air Ukraine]] and Air Ukraine Cargo operated the aircraft, although none were in service at the time of bankruptcy.
* ATI Aircompany operated a number of Il-76 models.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* ATLANT-SV AIRLINES operated over 40 Il-76TD
* [[Azov Avia Airlines]] operated two Il-76MDs.
* BSL Airline operated as many as six Il-78s.
* Busol Airlines operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1998.
* [[Khors Aircompany]] operated two Il-76MDs.
* [[Lviv Airlines]] operates three Il-76MDs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* [[South Airlines]]
* [[Ukraine Air Alliance]] operated four, including one Il-76MD and three Il-76TDs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* [[Ukrainian Cargo Airways]] operated 21, including 19 Il-76MDs.
* [[Volare Airlines (Ukraine)|Volare Airlines]] operated three, including two Il-76MDs and one Il-76TD.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* Veteran Airlines
* [[Yuzhmashavia]] operated two Il-76TDs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
;{{UZB}}
* [[Avialeasing]] operated the Il-76 on a charter and lease basis.
;{{UAE}}
* Gulf Aviation Technology and Services operated a number of Il-76 aircraft on charter or lease.
* [[Phoenix Aviation]] used to operate 2 Il-76TDs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
;{{YEM}}
* [[Yemenia]] operated two Il-76TDs.

== Accidents and incidents ==
{{Main|Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Ilyushin Il-76}}
[[File:Lviv Airlines Ilyushin Il-76MD Shevelev-1.jpg|thumb|An Il-76MD that was damaged during the [[Sknyliv air show disaster]] on 27 July 2002, during which the [[Sukhoi Su-27]] involved struck a glancing blow against the aircraft's nose before crashing into spectators]]

As of July 2024, the [[Aviation Safety Network]] has tracked 137 incidents involving Il-76 series aircraft resulting in the 1,158 fatalities. 99 have been written off in crashes and other accidents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aviation Safety Network > > ASN Aviation Safety Database results |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/type/IL76 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref> Some of the most notable incidents can be found here.
* On 23 November 1979, a [[Soviet Air Forces]] Il-76, [[Aircraft registration|registration]] CCCP-86714, banked left during an approach to [[Vitebsk Vostochny Airport|Vitebsk Airport]]. Control of the aircraft was lost and the aircraft crashed, killing the crew of seven; this was the first loss of an Il-76.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= CCCP-86714|id= 19791123-0}}</ref>
* [[1979 in Afghanistan#25 December 1979|''Christmas day crash'']]. On 25 December 1979, a [[Soviet Air Forces|Soviet Air Force]] Il-76 crashed 36 km from Kabul, killing 48 onboard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crash of an Ilyushin II-76M near Kabul: 47 killed {{!}} Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-ilyushin-ii-76m-near-kabul-47-killed |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=www.baaa-acro.com}}</ref>
* ''[[1988 Soviet Air Force Il-76 crash]]''. On 11 December 1988, an [[1988 Soviet Air Force Il-76 crash|Aeroflot Il-76 crashed]] on approach to [[Leninakan]], Armenia killing 77 of the 78 on board. The aircraft was on an air relief operation following the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]].<ref>{{ASN accident|id= 19881211-0|title= CCCP-86732}}</ref>
* [[1989 Soviet Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash|''Soviet Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash'']]. On 18 October 1989, a Soviet Air Force Il-76 (CCCP-76569) [[1989 Soviet Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] in the Caspian Sea off Sumqayit, Azerbaijan following wing separation caused by an engine fire, killing all 57 in Azerbaijan's deadliest air accident. The cause of the engine fire was traced back to a design flaw.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Ilyushin Il-76MD CCCP-76569, Wednesday 18 October 1989 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/326186 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref>

=== 1990s ===
* On 1 February 1990, a [[Soviet Air Forces]] Il-76 [[Aircraft registration|registration]] СССР-86021 crashed 14 minutes after takeoff from [[Panevėžys Air Base]], killing all 8 members of the crew.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accident description for CCCP-86021 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19900201-1 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
* On 24 May 1991, a Metro Cargo Il-76TD (LZ-INK, named ''Lugano''), crashed near Kermanshah Airport while attempting a forced landing following fuel exhaustion, killing four of ten crew.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19910524-0|title=LZ-INK}}</ref>
* On 8 July 1993, a Russian Air Force Il-76M ([[RA-86039]]) crashed near [[Pskov Airport]] due to loss of control following an unexplained in-flight fire, killing the 11 crew.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19930708-0|title=RA-86039}}</ref>
* ''[[1995 Airstan Ilyushin Il-76 hijacking]]''. On 3 August 1995 Taliban-controlled fighter aircraft intercepted an Airstan Ilyushin Il-76TD transport aircraft, and held its seven crew members for over a year before escaping.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-10-29 |title=Escape from Kandahar |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1624821.stm |access-date=2024-08-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=AMBAH |first=FAIZA |date=August 17, 1996 |title=Russian Air Crew, Held in Afghanistan, Escapes to UAE |url=https://apnews.com/article/56e5bba6554b9bafec82dadc4f2da074 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515193011/https://apnews.com/article/56e5bba6554b9bafec82dadc4f2da074 |archive-date= 15 May 2023 |access-date= 27 June 2024 |work= [[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
* On 19 August 1996, [[Spair Airlines Flight 3601]], an Il-76T, crashed while trying to land at [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport]] following total electrical failure due to pilot error, killing all 11 occupants on board.<ref>{{ASN accident |title= RA-76513 |id= 19960819-0}}</ref> The crew had forgotten to turn on the AC/DC converter following engine startup.
* ''[[1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision|Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision]]''. On 12 November 1996, [[Kazakhstan Airlines]] [[Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907|Flight 1907]], an Il-76, [[1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision|collided in mid-air]] with [[Saudia]] Flight 763 (a [[Boeing 747]]) over [[Charkhi Dadri]], India, killing all 349 aboard both aircraft in the deadliest mid-air collision. The Kazakh crew failed to maintain altitude owing to confusion with ATC.
* ''[[1996 Abakan Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 27 November 1996, a [[Russian Air Force]] Ilyushin Il-76MD, registration [[RA-78804]], flew into the side of a mountain, minutes after it departed [[Abakan Airport]], and crashed {{convert|14|km}} from the airport. All 21 occupants on board died in the accident.<ref>{{ASN accident |title= RA-78804 |id= 19961127-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= IL-76 hits mountain|publisher= [[Flight International]] |date= 4 December 1996 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/il-76-hits-mountain-13376/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151017121032/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/il-76-hits-mountain-13376/|archive-date= 2015-10-17 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
*On 13 July 1998, ATI Aircompany Flight 2570, an Il-76MD (UR-76424), crashed in the sea shortly after takeoff from Ras Al Khaimah International Airport, killing the eight crew. The aircraft was overloaded and the pilot failed to respond to GPWS warnings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-13-1998-cargo-plane-crashes-off-ras-al-khaimah-1.2250512|title=July 13, 1998: Cargo plane crashes off Ras Al Khaimah|website=gulfnews.com|date=12 July 2018}}</ref>
*On 17 July 1998, [[Air Sofia]] Flight 701, an Il-78 (UR-UCI) struck a hill on approach to Asmara International Airport, killing all ten on board. The aircraft was leased from Ukrainian Cargo Airways.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19980717-0|title=UR-UCI}}</ref>

=== 2000s ===
* ''[[Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064]]''. On 2 December 2001, a military flight from [[Bratsk Airport]] to [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport]] crashed at Novaya Inya, Russia, following an onboard fire, killing 18 on board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-76TD RA-76839 Novaya Inya |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011202-0 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
* ''[[Rus Flight 9633]]''. On 14 July 2001 a cargo flight from [[Chkalovsky Air Base|Chkalovsky Airport]] crashed shortly after takeoff, killing 10 persons on board the aircraft.
* ''[[2003 Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 19 February 2003, an Ilyushin Il-76 [[2003 Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] near [[Kerman]], Iran under unspecified reasons (possibly weather-related). The crash killed 275 people, including hundreds of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Iranian Revolutionary Guard]]. The accident remains the deadliest involving the Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-76MD 15-2280 Kerman |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20030219-0 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
* ''[[2003 Ukrainian Cargo Airways Il-76 accident]]''. On 8 May 2003, the rear loading ramp of an Il-76 leased by the Congolese government [[2003 Congo air disaster|unexpectedly opened at 10,000 feet]] after taking off from the capital Kinshasa. Initial reports stated that over 120 policemen and their families had been sucked out in 45 minutes,<ref>{{cite news|title= At 10,000 feet the door flipped open and scores of passengers were sucked out|first= James|last= Astill|location= [[Nairobi]]|work= [[The Guardian]] |date= 10 May 2003 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/may/10/theairlineindustry.congo|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121129104233/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2003/may/10/theairlineindustry.congo|archive-date= 2012-11-29 |url-status= dead}}</ref> but 14 people actually died.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/2004/2004-02%20-%200041.PDF "Safety Review"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204502/http://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/2004/2004-02%20-%200041.PDF |date=2014-01-04}}, ''Flight International'', 20–26 January 2004 p. 39.</ref>
* ''[[2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash]]''. On 23 March 2007, an Il-76 of [[TransAVIAexport Airlines]] registered EW-78849 was reportedly [[2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash|shot down]] (the official cause is undetermined) in the outskirts of Mogadishu, Somalia, killing all 11 people on board.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-11-03 |title=Cargo Plane Shot Down in Somalia |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301775.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103010430/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301775.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
*On 30 June 2008, an Ababeel Aviation Il-76 crashed while taking off from [[Khartoum]] on a relief flight, killing the 4 crew members, the only people on board the plane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=408f9862&opt=1|title = Crash: Ababeel IL76 at Khartoum on June 30th 2008, hit ground immediately after takeoff}}</ref>
*On 2 July 2008, Click Airways Flight 1002, operated using an Ilyushin Il-76TD from [[Bagram Air Base]] to Al-Fujairah-Fujairah International Airport, suffered an uncontained engine failure of its no. 3 engine at FL280. The failed engine parts struck the no. 4 engine resulting in its failure, as well as the fuselage and fuel tanks. The flight crew managed to successfully make an emergency landing at Zahedan, Iran. None of the three crew sustained injuries.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= EK-76400|id= 20080702-1}}</ref>
*''[[2009 Makhachkala Il-76 collision]]''. On 15 January 2009, two [[Russian Ministry of Interior]] Il-76MDs [[2009 Makhachkala Il-76 collision|were involved in a ground collision]] at [[Uytash Airport|Makhachkala Airport]]. One of the aircraft, [[Aircraft registration|registration]] RA-76825, was ready to depart and was positioned at the runway end when the other one, RA-76827, came in to land. The wing of the landing aircraft struck the flight deck of RA-76825 and a fire erupted. There were three fatalities in the departing aircraft, out of seven occupants on board. None of the 31 occupants aboard RA-76827 were hurt. RA-76825 was written off as a consequence of the accident.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= RA-76827|id= 20090115-2}}</ref><ref>{{ASN accident|title= RA-76825|id= 20090115-1}}</ref>
* On 9 March 2009, an [[Aerolift]] Il-76 (S9-SAB) crashed into [[Lake Victoria]] just after takeoff from [[Entebbe Airport]], Uganda, killing all 11 people on board. Two of the engines had caught fire on takeoff. The aircraft was chartered by Dynacorp on behalf of [[AMISOM]]. The accident was investigated by Uganda's Ministry of Transport, which concluded that all four engines were time-expired and that Aerolift's claim that maintenance had been performed to extend their service lives and the certification of this work could not be substantiated.<ref name="AH41635291">{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=41635921/0002&opt=0 |title=Crash: Aerolift IL76 at Entebbe on Mar 9th 2009, impacted Lake Victoria after takeoff |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |work=The Aviation Herald |access-date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017121032/http://avherald.com/h?article=41635921%2F0002&opt=0 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* ''[[2009 Iranian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 accident]]''. On 22 September 2009, [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force]] Il-76MD Adnan 2 "5-8208" ''Simorgh'' [[2009 Iranian Air Force mid-air collision|crashed]] near [[Varamin]] killing all seven people on board.<ref name="ASN220909">{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090922-0 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=23 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926025656/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090922-0 |archive-date=26 September 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The crash was possibly the result of a mid-air collision with a [[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5E Tiger II]].<ref name="Defense">{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4289949&c=AIR&s=MID |title=Iranian Military Planes Crashes in Annual Parade |publisher=Defensenews |access-date=23 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210114191020/https://www.webcitation.org/5k5dUA3SP?url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php%3Fi=4289949&c=AIR&s=MID |archive-date=14 January 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[2009 Yakutia Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 1 November 2009, an Il-76 belonging to the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)|Russian Ministry of the Interior]] [[2009 Yakutia Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] near the city of [[Mirny, Sakha Republic|Mirny]] within 2 kilometers after taking off. Eleven people on board were confirmed as killed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Cargo_Plane_Crashes_In_Eastern_Russia_11_Dead/1866269.html|title=Cargo Plane Crashes In Eastern Russia, 11 Dead|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035302/https://www.rferl.org/a/Cargo_Plane_Crashes_In_Eastern_Russia_11_Dead/1866269.html|archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2009 |title=Russian military cargo plane crashes on takeoff, killing all 11 crew members on board |work=Daily Press |url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/national/sns-ap-eu-russia-plane-crash,0,1520443.story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102224945/http://www.dailypress.com/news/national/sns-ap-eu-russia-plane-crash%2C0%2C1520443.story |archive-date=2 November 2009}}</ref>

=== 2010s ===
* ''[[Sun Way Flight 4412]]''. On 28 November 2010, Il-76 4L-GNI crashed in a populated area of [[Karachi]], Pakistan, shortly after taking off from [[Jinnah International Airport]]. All eight people on board were killed, along with two people on the ground. The aircraft was reported to have been trying to return to Jinnah after suffering an uncontained engine failure and fire.<ref name="AH433ef657">{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=433ef657&opt=0 |title=Crash: Sun Way IL76 at Karachi on Nov 28th 2010, engine fire |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |work=The Aviation Herald |access-date=28 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913115036/http://avherald.com/h?article=433ef657&opt=0 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* ''[[Silk Way Airlines Flight 995]]''. On 6 July 2011, an Il-76, tail number 4K-AZ55, crashed into a mountain in Afghanistan, while on final to [[Bagram Air Force Base]]. Eight people on board were initially confirmed as killed, with one unaccounted.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hradecky|first=Simon|title=Crash: Silk Way IL76 near Bagram on Jul 6th 2011, impacted mountain |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=43f45a43&opt=0|work=The Aviation Herald|access-date=6 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180938/http://www.avherald.com/h?article=43f45a43&opt=0|archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Cargo plane crash in Afghanistan|work= [[BBC News]] |date= 6 July 2011|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14042010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14042010|archive-date= 2013-04-12 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
* ''[[2012 Aéro-Service Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 30 November 2012, an [[Aéro-Service]]<ref name="AVHerald1Dec2012">{{cite web| url=http://avherald.com/h?article=459df3ac&opt=0| title=Crash: Aero Services IL76 at Brazzaville on Nov 30th 2012, clipped trees then impacted buildings short of runway| date=December 2, 2012| last=Hradecky| first=Simon| work=[[Aviation Herald]]| access-date=December 1, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181028/http://www.avherald.com/h?article=459df3ac&opt=0| archive-date=September 23, 2015| url-status=live| df=mdy-all}}</ref> Il-76T (also reported as being operated by [[Trans Air Congo]] in the days after the accident<ref name="av-safe.net acc des">{{cite web|title=2012 Ilyushin 76T Accident |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121130-0|work=Accident description|publisher=aviation-safety.net|access-date=30 November 2012 |date=30 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204140043/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121130-0|archive-date=4 December 2012 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>) [[2012 Aéro-Service Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed 850 meters short of runway 5L]] of the Congo's [[Maya-Maya Airport]] in [[Brazzaville]] while landing during a violent storm, killing 32, including the 5 aircrew, another person on board and 26 people on the ground.<ref name="heraldsun 30Nov12">{{cite news |title=Plane crashes houses in Congo killing 30 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/plane-crashes-houses-in-congo-killing-30/story-e6frf7k6-1226527884699 |access-date=30 November 2012 |newspaper=heraldsun.com.au |date=30 November 2012 |agency=[[Australian Associated Press]] (AAP)}}</ref>
* ''[[2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown]]''. On 14 June 2014 an Ilyushin Il-76 transport aircraft of the [[25th Transport Aviation Brigade]] of the Ukrainian Air Force was shot down on approach to land at [[Luhansk International Airport]], Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian military plane with at least 49 aboard shot down |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/13/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/ |newspaper=CNN |date= 14 June 2014 |access-date= 14 June 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140617010111/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/13/world/europe/ukraine-crisis |archive-date=17 June 2014 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27845313 |title=Ukraine crisis: Military plane shot down in Luhansk |date= 14 June 2014 |work=[[BBC Online]] |access-date= 14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614064304/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27845313 |archive-date=14 June 2014 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[http://news.xin.msn.com/en/world/49-killed-when-ukraine-military-plane-downed-defence-spokesman-1 "49 killed when Ukraine military plane downed: defence spokesman"] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201119/http://news.xin.msn.com/en/world/49-killed-when-ukraine-military-plane-downed-defence-spokesman-1 |date= 14 JUly 2014}}. xin.msn.com</ref>
* ''[[2016 Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations Il-76 crash]]''. On 1 July 2016, a Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) Il-76TD (RA-76840) [[2016 Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations Il-76 crash|struck a hillside]] near Rybnyi Uyan while fighting wildfires near Irkutsk, killing all ten on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=20160701-0|title=RA-76840}}</ref>
*''[[2018 Algerian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash]].'' On 11 April 2018, [[Algerian Air Force]] Ilyushin Il-76 ''7T-WIV'' [[2018 Algerian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] shortly after take-off from [[Boufarik Airport]], [[Boufarik]], [[Algeria]]. All 257 people on board were killed, making the accident the deadliest air crash on Algerian soil.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/world/middleeast/algeria-military-plane-crash.html|title=Military Plane Crashes in Algeria, Killing at Least 257|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 April 2018 |access-date=11 April 2018|last1=Walsh |first1=Declan}}</ref>

=== 2020s ===
* 25 February 2022, during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the Ukrainian State Special Communications Agency and US officials claimed that Russian Il-76s were shot down over [[Bila Tserkva]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-united-nations-kyiv-6ccba0905f1871992b93712d3585f548 |work=AP News |title=Live updates: Zelenskyy declines US offer to evacuate Kyiv |agency= Associated Press |date= 25 February 2022}}</ref> As of September 2022, no wreckage of the planes has been found.<ref name="2022RUWAir">{{cite web |url= https://www.businessinsider.com/whats-known-about-russian-and-ukraine-losses-in-aerial-combat-2022-9 |title= An unexpected air-to-air battle is raging over Ukraine. Here's what we know about the losses on both sides. |work= Insider |date= 5 September 2022}}</ref>
* 4 April 2022, photographs of two destroyed Il-76s from the Ukrainian [[25th Transport Aviation Brigade]] were displayed; these cargo planes were destroyed on the ground by Russian forces at Melitopol Airport.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://airlive.net/military/2022/04/07/two-il-76md-strategic-airlifter-were-destroyed-from-russian-strikes-at-melitopol-air-base-ukraine/ |title= Two IL-76MD strategic airlifter were destroyed from Russian strikes at Melitopol Air Base, Ukraine |work= AirLive |date= 7 April 2022 |access-date= 19 April 2022}}</ref>
* ''[[2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 24 June 2022, [[Russian Aerospace Forces]] Il-76MD ''RF-78778'' [[2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] and caught fire while landing near the city of [[Ryazan]] following an engine fire, killing five of nine on board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian military cargo plane crashes, killing 5 crewmembers |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/russian-military-cargo-plane-crashes-killing-85628664 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-24 |title=Russian military cargo plane crashes, killing four - reports |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/cargo-plane-crash-lands-near-russias-ryazan-seven-injured-ifax-2022-06-24/ |access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref>
* 30 August 2023, four Il-76s were reportedly destroyed by Ukrainian kamikaze [[drone strike]]s at [[Pskov Airport]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date= 29 August 2023 |title= Ukraine war: 'Drone attack' on airport damages Russian transport planes |language= en-GB |work= BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66654125 |access-date= 30 August 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[2023 Gao Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 23 September 2023, an Il-76 operated by the Malian Armed Forces [[2023 Mali Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] upon landing at Gao Airport, [[Mali]]. According to the French newspaper [[Le Monde]], Malian officials confirmed the aircraft's being owned by the [[Malian Armed Forces|Army]] and having [[Wagner Group]] members on board.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Au Mali, la junte évoque de manière détournée le crash d'un avion militaire |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/09/28/au-mali-la-junte-evoque-de-maniere-detournee-le-crash-d-un-avion-militaire_6191388_3212.html |website=Le Monde}}</ref> The aircraft overshot more than half of the available runway before touching down. For reasons unknown the crew failed to execute a go-around in due time which led to the aircraft rolling down the embankment at the end of the runway. The aircraft exploded killing all personnel on board.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 27, 2023 |title=Mali: la junte évoque de manière détournée le crash d'un avion militaire |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/mali-la-video-du-crash-de-l-avion-qui-transportait-des-mercenaires-de-wagner-20230927}}</ref>
* On the night of 19–20 October 2023, a Il-76MD military transport plane caught fire during take-off from a military airfield in [[Dushanbe]], the capital of Tajikistan. A wheel exploded on the plane during acceleration, causing a fire to break out. The plane rolled out of the runway and burned down completely. It is known that there were eight people on board. The crew was not injured.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-20 |title=Russian Il-76MD plane burst into flames during take-off in Dushanbe |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/10/20/7425061/}}</ref>
* ''[[2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 24 January 2024, a [[2024 Korochansky Il-76 crash|Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crashed]] in the [[Korochansky District]] in the [[Belgorod Oblast]] of Russia. The Russian Ministry of Defense stated it was carrying 65 [[Armed Forces of Ukraine|Ukrainian Armed Forces]] [[Prisoner of war|POW]], with 6 crew members and 3 security forces at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title= Russian jet crashes carrying Ukrainian PoWs - Moscow |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68080529 |access-date=2024-01-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> This was refuted by Ukrainian sources citing flight direction, photos of the crash site and other classified information leaked from Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title= EXPLAINED: Russia's Downed IL-76 Plane, Everything We Know So Far |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27158 |access-date=2024-01-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title=Why Did The Russian Il-76 Crash? What We Know, and Don't Know, About A Major Aviation Disaster |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ii-76-crash-explainer-ukraine-pows/32791736.html |access-date=2024-01-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 January 2024 |title=Russian IL-76 shot down |url=https://defence-blog.com/russian-il-76-plane-crashes-near-ukrainian-border/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date= 24 January 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-68080529 |title=Russian jet crashes carrying Ukrainian PoWs - Moscow |website= BBC News |first1= Laura |last1= Gozzi |first2= Paul |last2= Kirby}}</ref>
*''[[2024 Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash]]''. On 12 March 2024, an Il-76 [[2024 Ivanovo Il-76 crash|crashed]] in [[Ivanovo Oblast|Ivanovo oblast]]. According to [[RIA Novosti]], the engine caught on fire after the take-off from the [[Ivanovo Severny (air base)|Ivanovo]] air base, and the aircraft crashed when attempting an emergency landing back at the air base. There were eight crew members and seven passengers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RIA Novosti |date=12 March 2024 |title=RIA Novosti via @GirkingGirkin account |url=https://twitter.com/GirkinGirkin/status/1767502015595475137}}</ref> All eight crew and seven passengers were killed in the crash.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2024/03/12/7446074/ | title=У Росії біля військового аеродрому впав літак Іл-76, на борту було 15 людей }}</ref>
*''[[2024 New Way Cargo Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown]]''. On 21 October 2024, an Il-76 was shot down over [[Sudan]] killing all five crew members onboard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Ilyushin Il-76T EX-76011, Monday 21 October 2024 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/455080 |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1= Marcin |last1= Strembski |url= https://www.onet.pl/informacje/nowa-technika-wojskowa/zestrzelenie-iljuszyna-il-76-przez-rsf-w-darfurze/2g02lb7,30bc1058 |title= Zestrzelenie Iljuszyna Ił-76 przez RSF w Darfurze |language= pl |trans-title= Shooting Down of Ilyushin Il-76 by RSF in Darfur |work= [[Onet.pl]] |access-date= 21 October 2024 }}</ref>
* On 6 May 2025, a Yemen Air Force Il-76TD was destroyed by an Israeli missile strike.


==Aircraft on display==
* CCCP-76511 (c/n 083414444) preserved in the [[Ukraine State Aviation Museum]], Kyiv. The aircraft was originally painted as UR-UCI of Ukrainian Cargo Airways to commemorate the real aircraft that crashed in 1998, but was returned to its original Aeroflot livery as CCCP-76511 in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airhistory.net/photo/180555/UR-UCI|title=Aircraft Photo of UR-UCI {{!}} Ilyushin Il-76 {{!}} Ukrainian Cargo Airways |website=airhistory.net|access-date=14 March 2023}}</ref>
* An [[Umm Al Quwain Ilyushin Il-76|Ilyushin Il-76 in Umm Al Quwain]], the United Arab Emirates sat abandoned by the side of a highway from 2000 to 2022, acting as an adveritising billboard for a local beach resort. It later became a tourist destination.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=UAE dismantles plane of gunrunner Russia wants for Americans |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-moscow-viktor-bout-04ab52475de92344078a30e317ea4d7f |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> It was then scrapped in May 2022.<ref>https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lifestyle/after-two-decades-uaqs-mystery-plane-is-finally-headed-for-the-scrap-heap-of-aviation-history</ref>

==Specifications (Il-76MD-90AE)==
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76.svg|right|300px]]

{{Aircraft specs
| ref = [https://uacrussia.ru/en/aircraft/lineup/transport/IL-76MD-90A/#aircraft-specific UAC],[https://roe.ru/en/production/aerospace-forces/aircraft/military-transport-and-special-purpose-aircraft/il-76/ Rosoboronexport], ''Ilyushin'',<ref>[http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html "IL-76TD-90."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142428/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html |date=2009-11-03}} ''Ilyushin''.</ref> ''Aviadvigatel'',<ref>[http://www.avid.ru/eng/products/civil/PS-90A-76/ "PS-90A-76 Aircraft Engine."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401094231/http://www.avid.ru/eng/products/civil/PS-90A-76/ |date=2012-04-01}} ''Aviadvigate''.</ref> ''Volga-Dnepr Airlines''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.volga-dnepr.com/files/2011/il-76e_final.pdf|title= IL-76TD-90VD|publisher= Volga-Dnepr Airlines|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819055159/http://www.volga-dnepr.com/files/2011/il-76e_final.pdf|archive-date= 2013-08-19 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
| prime units? = met
| crew = 5
| capacity = '''Il-76M''' {{cvt|42000|kg}}; '''Il-76MD''' {{cvt|48000|kg}}; '''Il-76MD-90A''' {{cvt|60000|kg}}
| length m = 46.6
| length note =
| span m = 50.5
| span note =
| height m = 14.42
| height note =
| wing area sqm = 300
| wing area note =
| swept area sqm = 
| swept area note =
| volume m3 = 
| volume note =
| aspect ratio = 
| airfoil = 
| empty weight kg = 92500
| empty weight note = Il-76TD-90
| gross weight kg =
| gross weight note =
| max takeoff weight kg = 210000
| max takeoff weight note = Il-76MD-90A
| fuel capacity =
| more general = 
| eng1 number = 4
| eng1 name = [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]]A-76
| eng1 type = [[turbofan]]s
| eng1 kw = 
| eng1 hp = 
| eng1 shp = 
| eng1 kn = 156.9
| eng1 note =
| cruise speed kmh = 750-800
| cruise speed note =
| stall speed kmh =
| stall speed note =
| never exceed speed kmh =
| never exceed speed note =
| minimum control speed kmh =
| minimum control speed note =
| range km = 5000
| range note = Il-76MD-90A with {{cvt|52|t}} payload.
| combat range km =
| combat range note =
| ferry range km = 9700
| ferry range note = Il-76MD-90A with no payload.
| endurance = 
| ceiling m = 12200
| ceiling note =
| g limits = 
| roll rate = 
| climb rate ms =
| climb rate note =
| time to altitude =
| wing loading kg/m2 =
| wing loading note =
| fuel consumption kg/km =
| power/mass =
| thrust/weight = 0.32
| thrust/weight note = at {{cvt|200|t}} take-off weight and max. take-off thrust
| more performance = * '''Minimum landing run''': {{cvt|450|m}} with thrust reversers
| guns = 2 × {{cvt|23|mm|in|3}} [[autocannon|cannon]] in radar-directed manned turret at base of tail
| bombs = Some military models have four [[hardpoint]]s under each outer wing capable of supporting {{cvt|500|kg|lb}} bombs.
| avionics =
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Soviet Union|Aviation}}
{{Aircontent
|see also=
* [[Airlift]]
* [[Military transport aircraft]]
|related=
* [[Beriev A-50]]
* [[Beriev A-100]]
* [[Ilyushin Il-78]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Lockheed C-141 Starlifter]]
* [[Xi'an Y-20]]
* [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft]]
* [[List of civil aircraft]]
}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Altobchi |first1=Ali |last2=Cooper |first2=Tom |last3=Fontanellaz |first3=Adrien |title=Al-Hussein: Iraqi indigenous conventional arms projects, 1980–2003 |date=2022 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-914377-18-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Weinert |first2=Peter |last3=Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4=Lepko |first4=Mark |title=African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |location=Houston |isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|date=July 2006 |location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title=World Air Forces 2022 |work=Flight International |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=83735 |year=2021 |access-date=12 December 2021|ref={{harvid|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2021}}}}
*{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Four: Russia and Eurasia |journal=The Military Balance |date=12 February 2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=158–217 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 |access-date=22 January 2025 |issn=0459-7222 |ref={{sfnref|IISS|2024}}|url-access=subscription |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}
*{{cite book |editor-last1=Jackson |editor-first1=Paul |editor-last2=Munson |editor-first2=Kenneth |editor-last3=Taylor |editor-first3=Dr. John W R |title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1995-96 |date=1995 |edition=86th |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Surrey |isbn=978-0-7106-1262-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/janes-all-the-worlds-aircraft-1995-96 |access-date=19 January 2025}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Komissarov D.-Y. Gordon, ''Ilyushin 76'', Midland Publishing (Ian Allan), Hinckley,

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142426/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td.html Il-76TD], [https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142428/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html Il-76TD-90], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20091002065101/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76tf.html Il-76TF pages on Ilyushin's website]
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html The Ilyushin Il-76 and variants on Airvectors.net]
* [http://englishrussia.com/2012/01/24/presenting-ilyushin-il-476 Il-476 production line photos on Englishrussia.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091010214134/http://www.indian-military.org/air-force/support/transport-aircraft/205-ilyushin-beriev-il-76-candid-gajraj.html Ilyushin beriev Il-76 Candid (Gajraj) at Indian military database site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218112711/http://www.gctc.ru/eng/facility/aircraft_e.htm Training aircraft at Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center]

{{Ilyushin aircraft}}
{{NATO transport reporting names}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:AWACS aircraft]]
[[Category:Ilyushin aircraft|Il-076]]
[[Category:1970s Soviet cargo aircraft]]
[[Category:1970s Soviet military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:Quadjets]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1971]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]

Border Security Force (Water Wing)

2026-03-21T15:17:43Z

Bhupendra: starting basic article needs work

{{Short description|Special units of Border Security Force of India}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}[[File:BSF waterwing signboard.jpg|thumb|Signboard showing Border out-post of [[Border Security Force|BSF]] water wing]]
[[File:Floating Border Out-Post vessels (FBOP) Sabarmarti of Border Security Force (BSF).jpg|thumb|Floating Border Out-Post vessels (FBOP) Sabarmarti]]
'''Border Security Force (Water/Marine Wing)''' is one of the special units of [[Border Security Force]] of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=BSF Recruitment 2024: Apply for 162 SI, Constable and other posts at rectt.bsf.gov.in |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/bsf-recruitment-2024-apply-for-162-si-constable-and-other-posts-at-rectt-bsf-gov-in/articleshow/110701071.cms |access-date=2026-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is responsible for patrolling riverine borders in North Bengal frontier, South Bengal frontier, Andaman Nicobar frontier, Tripura - Mizoram & Cachar (TMC) Frontier, Jammu frontier,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2025-07-24 |title=BSF Water Wing secures unfenced borders along swollen rivers in Jammu amid heavy rainfall |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/latest-news/bsf-water-wing-secures-unfenced-borders-along-swollen-rivers-in-jammu-amid-heavy-rainfall/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> Punjab frontier and Gujarat frontier of the BSF.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |date=2024-08-06 |title=BSF deploys 11 battalions & 1 water wing on high alert along Indo-Bangladesh Border |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/bsf-deploys-11-battalions-1-water-wing-on-high-alert-along-indo-bangladesh-border/articleshow/112324931.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-03-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The Water Wing guards around 1400 km of a riverine boundary of India. its members are filled either by deputation basis or from special batches of BSF personal trained from National Inland Navigating Institute, [[Patna]].

==List of watercraft in Border Security Force (Water Wing)==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type of crafts
! Numbers
|-
| Floating Border Out Posts (BOP) || 10
|-
| Medium Crafts || 12
|-
| Mechanised Boats || 25
|-
| Speed Boats || 131
|-
| Rigid Inflatable Boats || 43
|-
| Naka Boats ||120
|-
| Country Boats ||92
|-
| Fast Patrol Boats || 22
|-
| Swamp Boats || 1
|-
| Total || 455
|}

==See also==
*[[Indo-Tibetan Border Police (Water Wing)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Law enforcement in India}}
{{Border guards}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Border guarding forces of India]]
[[Category:Central Armed Police Forces of India]]
[[Category:Maritime security of India]]

DND–KMP Expressway

2026-03-15T18:33:22Z

Bhupendra: content fix

{{Short description|Part of Delhi–Mumbai Expressway in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}

{{Infobox road
| name = DND–KMP Expressway
| alternate_name = (NH–148NA)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/faridabad/story-the-name-of-the-bypass-on-google-map-is-now-dnd-kmp-expressway-8477019.html |title=Faridabad bypass renamed as DND-KMP Expressway on Google Maps |work=Hindustan |date=23 July 2023 }}</ref>
| header_type = UC
| country = IND
| type =
| states = [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| cities = [[New Delhi]], [[Noida]], [[Faridabad]], [[Ballabgarh]], [[Sohna]] & [[Jewar]]
| established = 12 November 2024
| route = 59km (Total length)
| maint = [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI)
| photo = DND KMP Exp.jpg
| photo_notes =
| map =
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes =
| length_km = 59
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = [[DND Flyway]], [[Maharani Bagh]], [[Delhi]]
| junction = Spur to [[Jewar Airport]]
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = [[KMP Expressway|KMP]], Khalilpur, [[Nuh district]], [[Haryana]]
| image_skyline =
}}

The '''DND–Faridabad–KMP Expressway''', formally known as '''NH-148NA''' is a 59 [[km]] long, 6-[[lane]] wide access-controlled expressway in [[Delhi NCR]], [[India]].<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/59-km-six-lane-road-to-connect-dnd-ring-road-with-delhi-mumbai-expressway/story-Axnx3onqgE7pN50ox7R8bN.html|title=59-km six-lane road to connect DND, Ring Road with Delhi-Mumbai expressway - delhi news|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> It connects the junction of [[DND Flyway]] and [[Inner Ring Road, Delhi|Ring Road]] at [[Maharani Bagh]] in [[Delhi]] with [[Western Peripheral Expressway|KMP Expressway]] at Khalilpur, [[Nuh district]] (near [[Sohna]]) in [[Haryana]]. The NH-148NA is a [[Spur route|spur]] (branch) of '''[[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]]''' project. This expressway will have an additional 31 km long spur from Sector-65, [[Faridabad]] bypass to [[Jewar Airport]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-mumbai-e-way-will-be-linked-to-jewar-airport/articleshow/92733251.cms |title=Delhi-Mumbai Expressway will be linked to Jewar Airport |work=Times of India |date=8 July 2022 }}</ref>

The DND/ [[Maharani Bagh]] interchange and [[Kalindi Kunj]] metro are the 2 entry points in the state of Delhi. In [[Haryana]], it passes entirely through existing [[Faridabad|Faridabad bypass]] road. The [[Haryana Shahari Vikas Pradhikaran|HSVP]] has transferred the Faridabad bypass to [[NHAI]] for the construction of NH–148NA highway. The construction work was started in May 2021 and 20 km stretch from KMP interchange to [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH-2]] interchange at Kail Gaon ([[Ballabhgarh]]) has been opened on 12 February 2023.

The 26km part from Sector 65 to Sohna in Faridabad has been opened for traffic in 2023.<ref>https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/6-lane-road-6-entry-exit-points-trial-start-on-dnd-kmp-expressway-from-faridabad-sector-65-to-mithapur-in-delhi-201731115494108.html</ref>
The 24 km long stretch from Jaitpur/ Mithapur in Delhi to Sector-65 in Faridabad has been opened to public on 12 November 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/business/delhi-mumbai-expressway-link-road-dnd-kmp-expressway-opened-for-traffic-check-distance-total-length-top-speed-to-be-100-kmph-dnd-kmp-entry-exit-points-7383350/ |title=Delhi Mumbai Expressway link road opened for traffic, check distance, total length, top speed to be 100 km per hour |work=India.com |date=10 November 2024}}</ref> The remaining 9 km part from Mithapur to DND would be ready by May 2025.

==History==

===Overview: Delhi–Mumbai Expressway===
{{anchor | Overview }}

The construction work of the [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]] is divided by the [[NHAI]] into 4 sections, with a total of 52 tenders/ construction packages, as given below. The entire 1,350 km long expressway is expected to be completed by January 2025.

{| class=wikitable width=70%
!Section
!Length in [[km]]
!No. of packages
![[States and union territories of India|State]]-wise packages
! Status
|-
| [[DND Flyway|DND]]–[[Faridabad]]–[[KMP Expressway|KMP]]
| style="text-align:center;"|59
| style="text-align:center;"|03
| 1 in [[Delhi]] and 2 in [[Haryana]]
| Completed
|-
| [[Sohna]]–[[KMP Expressway|KMP]]–[[Vadodara]]
| style="text-align:center;"|844
| style="text-align:center;"|31
| 3 in [[Haryana]], 13 in [[Rajasthan]], 9 in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and 6 in [[Gujarat]]
| Completed Sohn-KMP-Kota, remaining under-construction as of October 2025.
|-
| [[Vadodara]]–[[Virar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|354
| style="text-align:center;"|13
| 10 in [[Gujarat]] and 3 in [[Maharashtra]]
| Under-construction as of October 2025.
|-
| [[Virar]]–[[JNPT]]
| style="text-align:center;"|92
| style="text-align:center;"|05
| 5 in [[Maharashtra]]
| Under-construction as of October 2025.
|}

===Main DND-EMP Expressway===
{{anchor | MainPak }}

For the main DND-EMP Expressway, on 1 March 2019, after foundation stone of NH-148NA was laid by Union Minister [[Nitin Gadkari]] in Mithapur in Delhi,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nitin-gadkari-to-lay-foundation-stone-for-rs-3580-crore-project-to-decongest-delhi/articleshow/68202825.cms |title=Nitin Gadkari to lay foundation stone for Rs 3,580 crore project to decongest Delhi |work=Economic Times }}</ref> [[NHAI]] invited bids in December 2019 for construction in 3 packages under [[Bharatmala Pariyojana]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.constructionweekonline.in/projects-tenders/11755-nhai-invites-bids-for-highways-under-bharatmala-pariyojana |title=NHAI invites bids for highways under Bharatmala Pariyojana |work=Construction Week Online |date=22 December 2019}}</ref> and in July 2020 the work was awarded by to [[Dineshchandra R. Agrawal Infracon|DRA Infracon Private Limited]] (Package-1 & Package-2)<ref name="NHAI contract list" /> and to DRA Infracon Private Limited (Package-3) in August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/faridabad/soil-testing-for-delhi-mumbai-expressway-link-begins-in-faridabad/articleshow/78863632.cms |title=Soil testing for Delhi-Mumbai Expressway link begins in Faridabad |work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/nhai-to-start-work-on-crucial-decongestion-projects-in-delhi-this-year-101612893357385.html |title=NHAI to start work on crucial decongestion projects in Delhi this year |work=Hindustan Times|date=10 February 2021
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/nhai-to-raze-500-structures-for-delhi-mumbai-expressway-322598 |title=NHAI to raze 500 structures for Delhi-Mumbai Expressway |work=The Tribune |date=9 October 2021 |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708195928/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/nhai-to-raze-500-structures-for-delhi-mumbai-expressway-322598 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Package-3 was completed in 2023, and reamining two packages were completed in 2024, thus completing the maining route.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/ballabhgarh-delhi-mumbai-expressway-link-opens-this-week/articleshow/98075180.cms |title=Ballabhgarh: Delhi-MumbaiExpressway link opens this week |work=The Times of India|date=20 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/entire-stretch-from-dnd-flyway-to-delhi-mumbai-expressway-to-be-opened-by-year-end-gadkari/articleshow/107707060.cms |title=Entire stretch from DND Flyway to Delhi-Mumbai Expressway to be opened by year end: Nitin Gadkari
|work=The Times of India |date=15 Feb 2024}}</ref>

The construction work of the 'DND–Faridabad–KMP' section was awarded by the [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) to [[Dineshchandra R. Agrawal Infracon|Dineshchandra R. Agrawal Infracon Private Limited]] (DRA Infracon) in August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/work-awarded-for-new-delhi-mumbai-e-way-link/articleshow/77322137.cms |title=Work awarded for new Delhi-Mumbai e-way link |work=Times of India }}</ref> This project will reduce congestion on [[Ashram Chowk|Ashram]] to [[Ballabhgarh]] route (via [[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]]). In [[Haryana]] it will have multiple Flyovers and a 3-lane service road on either side of [[Faridabad|Faridabad bypass]] road. The [[NHAI]] has divided the construction work of 59 [[km]] long '''DND–Faridabad–KMP''' section of [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]] project into three packages and awarded it to DRA Infracon. Its construction cost is around [[Indian rupee|₹]]5,332 [[crore]]s (including [[land acquisition in India|land acquisition]] cost).<ref name="timesnownews">{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/industry/article/six-lane-highway-to-connect-ring-road-dnd-junction-with-delhi-mumbai-expressway-check-details/374298 |title=Delhi NCR: Six-lane highway to connect ring road-DND junction with Delhi-Mumbai Expressway |work=Times Now |access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="NHAI contract list">{{cite web |url=https://nhai.gov.in/nhai/sites/default/files/mix_file/Delhi%20-%20Mumbai%20Award%20Status%20May%2721%20v1.pdf |title=Contract award status of Delhi–Mumbai Expressway as of May 2021 |work=NHAI |date=28 May 2021 }}</ref>

{| class=wikitable width=70%
!Sr No
!Package
!Length in km
!Value in [[crore]]s
!State
! Status
|-
| 1.
| Junction of DND Flyway & Ring Road in [[Delhi]] '''to''' Jaitpur–Pushta road in [[Delhi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|09
| style="text-align:center;"|[[₹]]1,881
| [[Delhi]]
| Completed 12 November 2024
|-
| 2.
| Jaitpur–Pushta road in [[Delhi]] '''to''' Sector-62/65 dividing road in [[Faridabad]]
| style="text-align:center;"|24
| style="text-align:center;"|[[₹]]1,832
| [[Delhi]] & [[Haryana]]
| Completed 12 November 2024
|-
| 3.
| Sector-62/65 dividing road in [[Faridabad]] '''to''' KMP Expressway at Khalilpur in [[Nuh district]]
| style="text-align:center;"|26
| style="text-align:center;"|[[₹]]1,619
| [[Haryana]]
| Completed 12 February 2023
|}

===Faridabad-Jewar Expressway spur ===
{{anchor | JewarPak }}

The [[NHAI]] had announced in August 2021, that an additional 31 km long spur will also be constructed from [[Noida International Airport]] in [[Jewar]] to [[Faridabad| Faridabad bypass]] road on this expressway.<ref name=jew1>{{cite web |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi-ncr/jewar-airport-will-connect-with-delhi-mumbai-expressway-at-a-cost-of-rs-2100-crore-says-nitin-gadkari-nodark-3745508.html |title=Jewar International Airport will be linked to Delhi-Mumbai Expressway|work=News18 |date=16 September 2021 }}</ref> In July 2022, the tender was awarded ''Apco Infratech Pvt Ltd''.<ref name=tend1>{{cite web |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/tender-opens-for-e-way-to-link-faridabad-jewar-airport-417280 |title=Tender opens for Expressway to link Faridabad & Jewar Airport |work=The Tribune |date=31 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name=jew2>{{cite web |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/noida/noida-airport-to-connect-with-delhi-mumbai-expressway-in-2-years-from-jewar-to-ballabhgarh-6-lane/articleshow/93246032.cms |title=Noida Airport: 2 साल में दिल्ली-मुंबई एक्सप्रेसवे से जुड़ेगा जेवर एयरपोर्ट, 6 लेन पर खर्च होंगे 16.60 अरब, NHAI ने निकाला टेंडर |work=Navbharat Times|date=31 July 2022 }}</ref>

{| class=wikitable width=70%
! Spur Package
!Length in [[km]]
!Value in [[crore]]s
!State
|-
| [[Faridabad]] bypass (Sector 65), via interchange with [[Eastern Peripheral Expressway|EPE]] at Mohna, to [[Yamuna Expressway]] at '''Dayanat Pur''' village, north of [[Jewar]]
| style="text-align:center;"|31
| style="text-align:center;"|[[₹]]1,660
| [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]]
|}

==Route==

===Main DND-EMP Expressway route===
{{anchor | Main }}

The NH–148NA highway connects [[Sarai Kale Khan]] & [[Kalindi Kunj]] (Delhi), Noida, Jewar, Faridabad and Ballabhgarh to the main alignment of [[:Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]] via an interchange at Khalilpur, Nuh district (Haryana).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/development/dnd-faridabad-kmp-expressway-nh-148na-route-map-delhi-to-nuh-near-sohna-link-to-jewar-airport-and-delhimumbai-project/articleshow/98967219.cms |title=Jewar Airport और Delhi-Mumbai एक्‍सप्रेसवे से लिंक रहेगा DND-Faridabad-KMP Expressway, रूट मैप देखिए |work=Navbharat Times|date=25 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/photo-gallery-dnd-faridabad-kmp-expressway-to-be-connected-with-delhi-mumbai-expressway-jewar-airport-check-routes-3032501/ |title=DND-Faridabad-KMP Expressway to be connected with Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, Jewar Airport, check routes |work=DNA India |date=27 March 2023 }}</ref>

====Delhi (12 km) ====
{{see also|NCT of Delhi}}

7 km out of 9 km route of in Delhistate is elevated with two-level crossings at 4 locations of the [[Delhi Metro]] rail line (near [[Okhla Vihar]] and [[Kalindi Kunj]] metro station), making it the 1st expressway in India to cross above elevated metro rail line. NH-148NA exits Delhi at [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi|MCD]] Toll Plaza (near [[Mithapur, Delhi|Mithapur]]) which is 12.5 km from the DND starting point.

* Begins in Delhi from the junction of [[DND Flyway]] and [[Ring Road, Delhi|Ring Road]] at [[Maharani Bagh]]
* Pass through [[Khizrabad Village|Khizrabad]], Batla House and [[Okhla Vihar]] on [[Yamuna]] river's west bank
* Starts moving exactly along the [[Agra Canal]] from [[Okhla Vihar metro station|Okhla Vihar]] metro station to Mithapur
* 2nd entry ramp near [[Kalindi Kunj]] metro station (towards Hari Nagar/ [[Mithapur, Delhi|Mithapur]]) for traffic from [[Noida]]
* Exits Delhi and enters Haryana through [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi|MCD]] Toll Plaza near [[Mithapur, Delhi|Mithapur Extension]], Delhi.

====Haryana (47 km)====
{{see also|Haryana}}

* On [[Kalindi Kunj]]–[[Mithapur, Delhi|Mithapur]] road, it will cross the [[Agra Canal]] at Sehatpur Bridge (Faridabad)
* Move on [[Faridabad|Faridabad bypass]] road from Sector-37, Faridabad to Kail Gaon near [[Ballabhgarh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-ncr-delhi-mumbai-expressway-good-news-coming-from-faridabad-haryana-know-the-benefits-jagran-special-22610146.html |title=दिल्ली-मुंबई एक्सप्रेस-वे पर हरियाणा के फरीदाबाद से आ रही खुशखबरी, जानें फायदा
|work=Dainik Jagran |date=8 April 2022 }}</ref>
* At Sector-65 Faridabad bypass, there is a 31 km long [[Spur route|link]] highway to [[Noida International Airport|Jewar Airport]]
* Interchange with Delhi–Agra ([[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|NH-2]]) near [[Ballabhgarh|DPS Ballabhgarh]] school at '''Kail Gaon'''
* Passes under the [[Western Dedicated Freight Corridor|Western DFC]] at Paroli village (Palwal district)
* Crosses Palwal–Sohna ([[National Highway 919 (India)|NH-919]]) at Hajipur village ([[Gurgaon district]])
* Toll Plaza at Kiranj (Nuh district). It is 56 km from the DND starting point
* [[Interchange (road)|Trumpet interchange]] with [[KMP Expressway]] at Khalilpur ([[Nuh district]]): after reaching KMP interchange at Khalilpur, traffic coming from Maharani Bagh ([[Delhi]]) and [[Faridabad]] bypass has 2 options:
** They can turn south towards Dausa and [[Mumbai]], or turn north towards [[Gurgaon]] and Sohna.
** They can also use [[KMP Expressway]] and turn east for [[Palwal]] and turn west for [[Manesar]].

=== Faridabad-Jewar Airport Expressway spur===
{{anchor | Inter | Jewar }}

6-lane (expandable to 8-lanes) 31.4 km expressway with additional 10 km service roads, will cuts down Faridabad-Jewar Airport travel time from 90 minutes to 15 to 30 minutes.<ref name=mar1>[https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/topstories/faridabad-to-jewar-airport-in-20-minutes-new-expressway-to-make-it-possible-key-details Faridabad to Jewar Airport in 20 minutes! New expressway to make it possible - Key details], MSN News, 11 Mar 2026.</ref><ref name=jew3>[https://www.india.com/news/india/jewar-greenfield-expressway-direct-connectivity-to-noida-international-airport-from-faridabad-palwal-and-gurugram-reduce-travel-time-by-30-mins-check-routes-kmp-expressway-8136704/ Jewar Greenfield Expressway: Direct connectivity to Noida International Airport from Faridabad, Palwal and Gurugram, to reduce travel time by…, will pass through…], India.com, 17 Oct 2025.</ref><ref name=tend2>[https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/noida/photo-gallery-major-update-has-been-received-regarding-greenfield-expressway-connecting-noida-airport-to-faridabad-gurugram/2965292/-2965293 नोएडा एयरपोर्ट से जुड़ेंगे हरियाणा के ये शहर, किसानों की जमीनें बनीं 'सोना', ग्रीनफील्ड एक्सप्रेसवे को लेकर आया बड़ा अपडेट], Zee News, 17 Oct 2025.</ref>

* Haryana (Faridabad), 24.1 km:<ref name=jew3/>
** [[Faridabad]] Sector-65 bypass, route begins from DND–KMP Expressway.<ref name=jew1/>
** [[Eastern Peripheral Expressway|EPE]] interchange at Mohna village.<ref name=jew1/>

* Uttar Pradesh (Jewar), 7.3 km:<ref name=jew3/>
** [[Yamuna Expressway]] interchange at Dayanat Pur village north of [[Jewar Airport]].<ref name=jew1/>
** [[Jewar Airport]], terminates.<ref name=jew1/>

==Status updates==

* Main DND-EMP Expressway:
** '''2024''': whole route completed and operational.

* Faridabad-Jewar Airport Expressway spur:
** '''2022 Jul''': tender awarded to ''Apco Infratech Pvt Ltd''.<ref name=tend1/>

** '''2025 Oct''': 53% completed, Jewar Airport to Haryana borer will be completed by December 2025, remaining route from Haryana border to Palwal/Faridabad will be completed by December 2026.<ref name=jew3/><ref name=tend2/>

** '''2026 Mar''': 1200 pillars completed, progress on track for on-time completion in April 2027.<ref name=mar1/>

==See also==

* [[Expressways of India]]
* [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]]
* [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]]
* [[List of highways in Haryana]]

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:DND - KMP Expressway}}
[[Category:Highways in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Proposed expressways in India]]
[[Category:Expressways in Delhi]]
[[Category:Expressways in Haryana]]

R. Velraj

2026-03-15T03:57:58Z

Bhupendra: fixed layout for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (born 1969)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Velraj|Rajamani}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. Velraj
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rajamani Velraj
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Madurai district|Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents = S Rajamani<ref name="Cinematographer-director Velraj’s father passes away">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Cinematographer-director Velraj's father passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cinematographer-director-velrajs-father-passes-away/articleshow/76799431.cms |access-date=24 July 2022 |work= |date=5 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|[[Film director]]|[[cinematographer]]}}
| years_active = 2003-present
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Aadukalam]]'' (2011)
}}

'''Rajamani Velraj''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]], [[Film director|director]] and [[screenwriter|writer]] who primarily works in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]]. He is known for his long-standing collaborations with [[Vetrimaaran]] and [[M. Muthaiah]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2014-07-31 |title=Cinema cinema! |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/cinema-cinema/article6267935.ece |access-date=2023-01-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rajamani Velraj was born in the village Kootthiyar Kundu near [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. He went to [[PKN Vidhyasala|PKN Boys Higher Secondary School]] ([[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Tirumangalam]]), and studied at Madurai Sourastra College.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Early in his career, he worked as an assistant to cinematographer [[Tirru]] in several Tamil films. After working with actor [[Dhanush]] in ''[[Parattai Engira Azhagu Sundaram]]'', Dhanush recommended Velraj for his next film, ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'', directed by then debutant, [[Vetrimaaran]]. He won the [[Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-19 |title=A reluctant director |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-reluctant-director/article6229065.ece |access-date=2023-01-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Velraj and Vetrimaaran continued working together, from ''[[Aadukalam]]'' to their most recent film, ''[[Viduthalai Part 1]]'' (2023). He made his directional debut with ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]]'', starring [[Dhanush]] and [[Amala Paul]] and with [[Anirudh Ravichander|Anirudh]] as the music director. The film was extremely successful and became a cult film. In 2015, he directed his second film, ''[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)|Thanga Magan]]''.
Velraj is a member of the [[Indian Society of Cinematographers]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acclaimed cinematographer Velraj gets the prestigious ISC recognition |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/acclaimed-cinematographer-velraj-gets-the-prestigious-isc-recognition/598830 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=www.zoomtventertainment.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===As cinematographer===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2003 || ''[[Supari (film)|Supari]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Hindi]]||
|-
|2006 || ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2007 || ''[[Parattai Engira Azhagu Sundaram]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' || <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=2019-02-16 |title=The Usual Suspects: Dhanush, Vetrimaaran and R Velraj |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhanushs-polladhavan-scene-is-my-best-work-r-velraj/article26291658.ece |access-date=2023-04-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2008 || ''Kabhi Bhi Kahin Bhi'' || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Malabar Wedding]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Malayalam]]||
|-
|2010 || ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'' ||Collaborated with [[Ravi Varman]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2011 || ''[[Aadukalam]]'' || rowspan="4" | Tamil || (Cameo appearance)<ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''[[Siruthai]]'' ||<ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''[[Engeyum Eppodhum]]'' || Winner, Vikatan Award For Best Cinematographer<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-24 |title=Engeyum Eppodhum |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/193224/engeyum-eppodhum.html |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2012 || ''[[3 (2012 Indian film)|3]]'' || <ref name=":0" />
|-
|''[[Savaari (2009 film)|Savaari]]'' || [[Kannada]]||
|-
| ''[[Leelai]]'' || rowspan="29" | Tamil ||
|-
|rowspan="4"|2013 || ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]''||
|-
| ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Udhayam NH4]]'' || <ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-20 |title=NH4: Take this route |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/nh4-take-this-route/article4636533.ece |access-date=2023-04-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Naiyaandi]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush Helped With Script, Says Vellai Illa Pattathari Director |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dhanush-helped-with-script-says-vellai-illa-pattathari-director-640648 |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014|| ''[[Velaiyilla Pattathari]]'' || (Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-19 |title=A reluctant director |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-reluctant-director/article6229065.ece |access-date=2023-04-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Poriyaalan]]'' || (Cameo appearance)
|-
|rowspan="4"|2015|| ''[[Komban]]'' || (Cameo appearance)
|-
| ''[[Vai Raja Vai]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite news |title='Vai Raja Vai' gearing up for April 24 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vai-raja-vai-gearing-up-for-april-24/articleshow/46593318.cms |access-date=2023-04-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Paayum Puli (2015 film)|Paayum Puli]]'' || (Cameo appearance)
|-
|''[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)|Thanga Magan]]'' || (Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-12-19 |title="It was all Dhanush" |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Velraj-says-quotThangamaganquot-has-nothing-to-do-with-quotVIPquot-his-debut/article59837667.ece |access-date=2023-04-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2016||''[[Pugazh (film)|Pugazh]]'' || (Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surbhi: My role in Pugazh a reflection of my real self {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/surbhi-my-role-in-pugazh-a-reflection-of-my-real-self-469457/ |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Marudhu]]'' ||
|-
|2017||''[[Power Paandi]]'' || (Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush Tweets First Look of Power Paandi, His Debut as Director |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/dhanush-tweets-first-look-of-power-paandi-his-debut-as-director-1455468 |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2018||''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]'' || (Cameo appearance)
|-
|''[[Vada Chennai]]'' || (Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-19 |title=Blow for Dhanush's Vada Chennai: Amala Paul exits after Vijay Sethupathi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/blow-for-dhanush-s-vada-chennai-amala-paul-exits-after-vijay-sethupathi/story-iRxMtTtyqn8EzXxTZE1qaI.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019||[[Dev (2019 film)|''Dev'']] ||
|-
|''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' ||(Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=2019-02-16 |title=The Usual Suspects: Dhanush, Vetrimaaran and R Velraj |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhanushs-polladhavan-scene-is-my-best-work-r-velraj/article26291658.ece |access-date=2023-04-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sangathamizhan]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| ''[[Pulikkuthi Pandi]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web |title='புலிக்குத்தி பாண்டி' ஃபர்ஸ்ட் லுக் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/617131-pulikuthi-pandi-first-look-released.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Udanpirappe]]'' || <ref>{{Cite news |author=The Hindu Net Desk |date=2021-10-05 |title=Jyotika: 'Udanpirappe is special, as it shows the strength of a woman's silence' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jyotika-udanpirappe-is-special-as-it-shows-the-strength-of-a-womans-silence/article36835986.ece |access-date=2023-04-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022|| ''[[Veerapandiyapuram]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Veerapandiyapuram Movie Review: An uninventive, dull revenge drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/feb/17/veerapandiyapuram-movie-review-an-uninventive-dull-revenge-drama-29809.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Legend gets U/A certficate |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jul/27/the-legend-gets-ua-certficate-33109.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Anel Meley Pani Thuli]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=2022-11-18 |title='Anel Meley Pani Thuli' movie review: Andrea excels in a gritty crime drama about sexual assault |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anel-meley-pani-thuli-movie-review-andrea-excels-in-a-gritty-crime-drama-about-sexual-assault/article66150684.ece |access-date=2023-04-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pettaikaali (TV series)|Pettaikaali]]''
|TV series on [[aha (streaming service)|Aha]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |title=Vetri Maaran's Jallikattu-Based Series 'Pettaikaali' To Stream From Diwali |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/vetri-maaran-s-jallikattu-based-series-pettaikaali-to-stream-from-diwali-news-226979 |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Outlook India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kuttram Kuttrame]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuttram Kuttrame Movie Review: Jai, Harish Uthaman shine in Susienthiran's return to form |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/apr/27/kuttram-kuttrame-movie-review-jai-harish-uthaman-shine-in-susienthirans-return-to-form-31135.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Viduthalai Part 1]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi begins dubbing for Viduthalai |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vijay-sethupathi-begins-dubbing-for-viduthalai-pictures-with-vetri-maaran-go-viral/33f6bb9d665 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kathar Basha Endra Muthuramalingam]]''
|
|-
|2024 || ''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]'' || (Cameo appearance)
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Single (film)|Single]]''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=6-RygBN_kZh9qoIZ&v=q2KdzXF_svA&feature=youtu.be |title=#Single Trailer {{!}} #SingleOnMay9th {{!}} Sree Vishnu, Ketika, Ivana {{!}} Allu Aravind {{!}} Caarthick Raju |date=2025-04-28 |last=Geetha Arts |access-date=2025-04-28 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Phoenix (2025 film)|Phoenix]]''
|Tamil
|
|-
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2014|| ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]]''
| Tamil || '''Winner''', [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Award for Best Debut Director]] Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil]] Cameo as Traffic Police
|-
|2015|| ''[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)|Thanga Magan]]'' || Tamil ||Cameo as Ramalingam
|}

=== As actor ===
*[[Aadukalam]]
*''[[Poriyaalan]]'' (2014)
*[[Velaiilla Pattadhari]] (2014)
*[[Komban]]
*[[Paayum Puli (2015 film)]]
*[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)]]
*[[Ithu Namma Aalu]] as uncredited (2016)
*[[Pugazh (film)|Pugazh]]
*[[Pa. Pandi]]
*[[Kadaikutty Singam]]
*[[Vada Chennai]]
*''[[Kaalidas]]'' (2019)
*''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' (2019)
*''[[Udanpirappe]]'' (2021)
*''[[Kuttram Kuttrame]]'' (2022)
*''[[Viduthalai Part 1]]''(2023)
*[[Viduthalai Part 2]] (2024)

==Awards==
* [[Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer]] for ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Pollathavan]]'' (2007)
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South]] for ''[[Aadukalam]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite news |date=8 July 2012 |title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011(South) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704164503/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-08/news-interviews/32588512_1_aadukalam-video-pranayam |archive-date=4 July 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer for ''[[Aadukalam]]'' (2011)
* [[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director]] for ''[[Velaiyilla Pattathari]]'' (2014)
* [[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best cinematographer]] for ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' (2019)
* [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards#Best cinematographer|Vikatan Cinema Awards for Best cinematographer]] for [[Viduthalai Part 1]] (2023)
* [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award]] : Best Cinematographer (2018) for [[Vada Chennai]] & [[Kadaikutty Singam]].<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tamil-nadu-state-film-awards-2016-2022-winners-announced-2860116-2026-01-30</ref>

== References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|1399485}}

{{authority control}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Velraj, R.}}
[[Category:Cinematographers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]

Aditi Shankar

2026-03-07T09:34:12Z

Bhupendra: slightly cleanup section for clarity and corrected details

{{short description|Indian actress and singer (born 1997)}}
{{Indian name|Aditi|Shankar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aditi Shankar
| image = Aditi Shankar at Maaveeran press-meet.jpg
| caption = Aditi in 2022
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|7|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actress]]|[[Playback singer]]}}
| father = [[S. Shankar]] 
| years_active = 2022–present
| alma_mater = [[Sri Ramachandra University]]
}}

'''Aditi Shankar''' (born 6 July 1997<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 July 2023 |title=Who Is Aditi Shankar, The Leading Lady In Sivakarthikeyan's Maaveeran? |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/who-is-aditi-shankar-the-leading-lady-in-sivakarthikeyans-maaveeran-8401567.html |website=News 18 |access-date=25 July 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725084712/https://www.news18.com/movies/who-is-aditi-shankar-the-leading-lady-in-sivakarthikeyans-maaveeran-8401567.html |quote=Aditi Shankar celebrated her 26th birthday recently on July 6}}</ref>) is an Indian actress and singer known for her work majorly in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2022 |title=I'll pursue both singing and acting equally, says Aditi Shankar |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ill-pursue-both-singing-and-acting-equally-says-aditi-shankar/articleshow/93437537.cms |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824044040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ill-pursue-both-singing-and-acting-equally-says-aditi-shankar/articleshow/93437537.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="paid2">{{Cite news |title=The Highest-paid South Indian actresses; see list |access-date=28 November 2022 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/dh-galleries/photos/in-pictures-highest-paid-south-indian-actresses-990536 |work=Deccan Herald |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211054009/https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/dh-galleries/photos/in-pictures-highest-paid-south-indian-actresses-990536 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/energy-of-the-telugu-industry-is-very-nice-says-aditi-shankar/articleshow/115403712.cms|title=Energy of the Telugu industry is very nice, says Aditi Shankar|website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref> She is the recipient of one [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Vikatan Award]], one [[SIIMA]] Awards and one [[Filmfare Awards South]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2023 |title=Style Spotlight : Is Aditi Shankar The New Fashionista In Town |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/style-spotlight-is-aditi-shankar-the-new-fashionista-in-town/ |website=JFW |access-date=25 July 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725090613/https://jfwonline.com/article/style-spotlight-is-aditi-shankar-the-new-fashionista-in-town/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2022 |title=Honoured to enter the same industry as my father: Aditi Shankar |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/08/04/honoured-to-enter-the-same-industry-as-my-father-aditi-shankar |website=DNT NEXT |access-date=25 July 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729071443/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/08/04/honoured-to-enter-the-same-industry-as-my-father-aditi-shankar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/nayanthara-praises-aditi-shankar-says-she-is-extremely-talented-and-too-sweet-article-111356386 |title=Nayanthara Praises Aditi Shankar; Says She Is Extremely Talented And Too Sweet |website=timesnownews.com}}</ref>

Although Aditi aspired to become a doctor, she became an actress and made her film debut with the film ''[[Viruman]]'' (2022) and continued her success with ''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/if-my-dad-doesnt-watch-my-films-i-will-fight-him-aditi-shankar/articleshow/121110274.cms|title=If my dad doesn't watch my films, I will fight him: Aditi Shankar|website=timesnownews.com}}</ref>

==Early life==
Aditi was born in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] in India. She is the daughter of Indian filmmaker [[S. Shankar]]. She has an elder sister, Aishwarya Shankar and a younger brother, Arjith Shankar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2021 |title=Shankar's daughter Aditi Shankar to make her silver screen debut with Viruman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/shankar-shanmugham-daughter-aditi-to-debut-with-karthi-viruman-7491629/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617165012/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/shankar-shanmugham-daughter-aditi-to-debut-with-karthi-viruman-7491629/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Aditi completed her medicine degree from [[Sri Ramachandra University]]. After graduation she confessed to her parents about her long term passion for acting, following which she made her debut in ''[[Viruman]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 September 2021 |title=Aditi Shankar to Kalyani Priyadarshan: Daughters of Tamil directors who made their debut as heroines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-to-kalyani-priyadarshan-daughters-of-tamil-directors-who-made-their-debut-as-heroines/photostory/85977666.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617170516/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-to-kalyani-priyadarshan-daughters-of-tamil-directors-who-made-their-debut-as-heroines/photostory/85977666.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early work (2022–2023)===
Aditi debuted as a playback singer for the song "Romeo Juliet" from the [[Telugu film]] ''[[Ghani (2022 film)|Ghani]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2022 |title=Aditi Shankar now debuts as singer, before her acting debut 'Viruman' releases |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-now-debuts-as-singer-before-her-acting-debut-in-viruman/articleshow/89392202.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617165012/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-now-debuts-as-singer-before-her-acting-debut-in-viruman/articleshow/89392202.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, she made her acting debut, as lead actress, in the [[masala film]] ''[[Viruman]]'' with actor [[Karthi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=Karthi, Aditi Shankar film Viruman wrapped up |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/dec/22/karthi-aditi-shankar-film-viruman-wrapped-up-28576.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222145509/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/dec/22/karthi-aditi-shankar-film-viruman-wrapped-up-28576.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She sang the song "Madura Veeran" in the film.<ref name="M">{{Cite web |date=9 August 2022 |title=Aditi Shankar Reveals How She Got Opportunity to Sing in Viruman |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aditi-shankar-reveals-how-she-got-opportunity-to-sing-in-viruman-5716963.html |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=news18.com |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813024315/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aditi-shankar-reveals-how-she-got-opportunity-to-sing-in-viruman-5716963.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Outlook India'' wrote "Actress Aditi Shankar, the daughter of ace director Shankar who makes her debut with this film, is just a natural when it comes to acting. She looks very convincing as the character 'Thaen' and is absolutely at ease in front of the camera. She does a neat job of playing a hard-working, no-nonsense girl who believes in standing up for her rights."<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2022 |title='Viruman' Movie Review: Karthi-Aditi Shankar Win You Over with an Engrossing Family Entertainer |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-viruman-movie-review-karthi-aditi-shankar-m-muthaiah-raj-kiran-prakash-raj-engrossing-family-entertainer-movie_reviews-216003 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828024544/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-viruman-movie-review-karthi-aditi-shankar-m-muthaiah-raj-kiran-prakash-raj-engrossing-family-entertainer-movie_reviews-216003 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Aditi Shankar is definitely an upgrade from Muthaiya's previous films".<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2022 |title='Viruman' movie review: Karthi and Prakash Raj are endearing in this blaring rural drama that firmly sticks to its traditions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/viruman-movie-review/article65761478.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814065532/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/viruman-movie-review/article65761478.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "Take the initial scenes with the female lead, Thaenu (Aditi Shankar, making a confident debut). She is shown as someone who is affectionate towards Muthupandi, even though he is a man who is hard to like. We think this equation between them would pose a challenge to Viruman, who has fallen for her and wants to marry her, but in just a couple of scenes, we see the character shifting her allegiance, thanks to a convenient plot development".<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2022 |title=Viruman Movie Review : Actors make this generic rural drama a passable affair... barely! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/viruman/movie-review/93517207.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812111350/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/viruman/movie-review/93517207.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, she was signed up by director [[Madonne Ashwin]] for her second film, ''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]],'' which was released in July 2023, where she paired up alongside [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and played the lead female role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2022 |title=Aditi Shankar on board as the female lead in Sivakarthikeyan's bilingual film Maaveeran |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/aditi-shankar-board-female-lead-sivakarthikeyans-bilingual-film-maaveeran-1171121 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824044107/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/aditi-shankar-board-female-lead-sivakarthikeyans-bilingual-film-maaveeran-1171121 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aditi was highly praised for her performance in the film and also won acclaim with a reviewer from ''South First'' wrote, ’Aditi Shankar, the daughter of director Shankar, does a neat job of the task given to her. She comes up with a fine, measured performance as Nila, a sub-editor in love with the cartoonist.’<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=Maaveeran review: Director Madonne Ashwin is back with yet another fascinating story |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/maaveeran-movie-review/ |newspaper=thesouthfirst.com |language=en |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718141608/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/maaveeran-movie-review/}}</ref> A news reporter from ''Movie Crow'' stated, "No nonsense romantic scenes for Aditi Shankar, she plays a role which is valuable to the story".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/32269/maaveeran-review---cracker-of-a-commercial-entertainer|title=Maaveeran Review - Cracker of a Commercial Entertainer!|date=14 July 2023|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref> Sruthi Ganapathy Raman from ''Film Companion'' also stated, "While Aditi Shankar is a voice of reason in Sathya’s head, she could’ve done much more than just that in the film because she’s such an effortless presence on screen".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/maaveeran-first-day-first-iimpression-sivakarthikeyan-superhero-film-is-a-stylish-blend-of-wit-and-mass-madonne-ashwin-aditi-shankar|title=Maaveeran First Day First Impression: Sivakarthikeyan’s Superhero Film Is A Stylish Blend of Wit and Mass|date=14 July 2023|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

===Commercial success in films (2023–2025)===
In 2023, she was approached by director [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] for the lead role in his new film alongside debutante actor Akash, who is the younger brother of actor [[Atharvaa]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2023 |title=Aditi Shankar will be Akash's love interest in his debut film with Vishnuvardhan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-will-be-akashs-love-interest-in-his-debut-film-with-vishnuvardhan/articleshow/98792464.cms?from=mdr |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 May 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510160215/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-will-be-akashs-love-interest-in-his-debut-film-with-vishnuvardhan/articleshow/98792464.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> Aditi agreed to the film project and was filmed in [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=Vishnuvardhan teams up with Aditi Shankar, Akash Murali for a romantic flick. Details inside |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishnuvardhan-teams-up-with-aditi-shankar-akash-murali-for-a-romantic-flick-details-inside-2349469-2023-03-21 |website=indiatoday.in |language=en |access-date=10 May 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510154110/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishnuvardhan-teams-up-with-aditi-shankar-akash-murali-for-a-romantic-flick-details-inside-2349469-2023-03-21 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2023 |title=Aditi Shankar to shoot for Vishnu Vardhan's film in Lisbon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-to-shoot-for-vishnu-vardhans-film-in-lisbon/articleshow/102083810.cms?from=mdr |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 July 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=24 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724211833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-to-shoot-for-vishnu-vardhans-film-in-lisbon/articleshow/102083810.cms?from=mdr}}</ref> In June 2024, The film was titled as ''[[Nesippaya]]'' and the first look of the film was revealed to public.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/akash-murali-aditi-shankars-film-with-vishnu-varadhan-titled-nesippaya/articleshow/111278216.cms |title=Akash Murali & Aditi Shankar's film with Vishnu Varadhan titled ‘Nesippaya’ |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The filmed overall received decent and average reviews from audience and press reporters and was considered as an average grosser in Aditi's career. Bhuvanesh Chandar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "''Nesippaya'' could have become something more than ordinary; it only confuses you about the kind of film it wishes to be. The thriller that follows is trite, predictable and contrived, to put it straight."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=2025-01-14 |title='Nesippaya' movie review: Contrived writing clouds Vishnu Varadhan's promising premise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nesippaya-movie-review-contrived-writing-clouds-vishnu-varadhans-promising-premise/article69098720.ece |access-date=2025-01-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Janani K from [[India Today]] stated "Aditi Shankar is fun in the romantic portions but undersells her performance in a few emotional sequences".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/nesippaya-movie-review-aditi-shankar-akash-murali-vishnuvardhan-2664657-2025-01-14|title=Nesippaya review: Aditi Shankar, Akash Murali's suspense drama lacks thrill|first=Janani|last=K|date=14 January 2025|website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

In 2024, Aditi paired up with actor [[Arjun Das]] for a romantic film directed by [[Vignesh Shivan]] titled ''[[Once More (2025 film)|Once More]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/11/arjun-das-and-aditi-shankar-join-hands-for-vignesh-srikanths-directorial-debut |title=Arjun Das and Aditi Shankar join hands for Vignesh Srikanth's directorial debut |website=cinemaexpress.com}}</ref> Arjun Das, shared picture from the ceremony and wrote, "A beautiful musical love story directed by @isrikanthmv. Super happy for you Srikanth. Thank you for believing in us @yuvraj_ganesan @millionoffl (sic)." He added, "@aditishankarofficial wishing you the best as always. A #HeshamAbdulWahab Musical. Will surely need all your blessings, love and support as always (sic)."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/arjun-das-aditi-shankar-begin-shoot-for-vignesh-srikanths-debut-directorial-2565272-2024-07-11 |title=Arjun Das, Aditi Shankar begin shoot for Vignesh Srikanth's debut directorial |website=India Today}}</ref> The film is currently under the process of filming and set to release in the early months of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/arjun-das-aditi-shankar-join-hands-for-musical-love-story-794427 |title=Arjun Das-Aditi Shankar join hands for musical love story |website=DT NEXT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/arjun-das-and-aditi-shankar-team-up-for-a-new-project/article68392098.ece |title=Arjun Das and Aditi Shankar team up for a new project |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

In 2025, Aditi marked her first [[Telugu language|Telugu]] debut with the film ''[[Bhairavam]]'' opposite to [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]], directed by Vijay Kanakamedala where the film featured Aditi as the lead female role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/aditi-shankar-is-a-down-to-earth-person-says-director-vijay-k-1838408|title=Aditi Shankar is a down-to-earth person, says director Vijay Kanakamedala|first=B. V. S.|last=Prakash|date=15 November 2024|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/14/aditi-shankar-makes-her-telugu-debut-in-bellamkonda-sreenivas-starrer-bhairavam|title=Aditi Shankar makes her Telugu debut in Bellamkonda Sreenivas starrer Bhairavam|first=Aditya|last=Devulapally|date=8 November 2024|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> Reviewers from Filmyscoops said "Aditi Shankar seems to be there just for the songs. Except for a few decent scenes, nothing really stands out".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-cinema/bhairavam-first-review-out-manchu-manojs-grand-comeback-film-is-below-average-ws-l-9359189.html|title=Bhairavam First Review Out: Manchu Manoj's Grand Comeback Film Is 'Below Average'|first=Kashvi|last=Raj Singh|date=30 May 2025|website=News18}}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur from [[The Hindu]] newspaper stated, "Aditi Shankar, relegated to the typical song-and-dance routine, seems miscast as a village belle, except in a few scenes where her spunky presence injects some life into the proceedings".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhairavam-movie-review-bellamkonda-sreenivas-aditi-shankar-vijay-kanakamedala-garudan/article69637162.ece|title=‘Bhairavam’ movie review: Bellamkonda Sreenivas starrer is a loud, disjointed rural drama|first=Srivathsan|last=Nadadhur|date=30 May 2025|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Aditi said about her debut film ''[[Viruman]]'': "I can never deny my privilege" that has helped her career.<ref>{{cite news |title='I can never deny my privilege': Tamil actress Aditi Shankar on debut film 'Viruman' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/aug/17/i-can-never-denymy-privilege-tamil-actress-aditi-shankar-on-debut-film-viruman-2488169.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=29 July 2023 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105025246/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/aug/17/i-can-never-denymy-privilege-tamil-actress-aditi-shankar-on-debut-film-viruman-2488169.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shankar’s daughter getting more offers |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/shankars-daughter-getting-more-offers |work=telugucinema.com |access-date=29 July 2023 |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729053846/https://telugucinema.com/news/shankars-daughter-getting-more-offers |url-status=live}}</ref>

Just before ''[[Viruman]]'' was released, actress and model [[Aathmika]] targeted Aditi on social media and stirred up controversy considering Aditi to be the main reason for [[nepotism]] in south Indian films stating "It's good to see privileged getting easy way through the ladder while the rest". Aathmika also stated saying "Aditi is privileged to be able to enter the film industry just because of her father". However, Aditi later lashed back at Aathmika for her words and later removed her social media status.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2022 |title=Did Aathmika indirectly attack Aditi Shankar on Twitter? |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/did-aathmika-indirectly-attack-aditi-shankar-on-twitter/ |website=jfwonline.com |language=en |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920200503/https://jfwonline.com/article/did-aathmika-indirectly-attack-aditi-shankar-on-twitter/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
*''Note: All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Aditi Shankar film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! Languages
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Viruman]]''
| Thenmozhi
| rowspan=3''| [[Tamil Cinema| Tamil]]
| Debut film
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2021 |title=Aditi Shankar plays Thenmozhi in Viruman! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/aditi-shankar-plays-thenmozhi-in-viruman-news-tamil-vjqg29cbdeeij.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916073700/https://www.sify.com/movies/aditi-shankar-plays-thenmozhi-in-viruman-news-tamil-vjqg29cbdeeij.html |archive-date=16 September 2021 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]''
| Nila
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2023 |title=‘Maaveeran’ trailer out; Sivakarthikeyan plays a comic artist with a twist |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maaveeran-trailer-out-sivakarthikeyan-plays-a-comic-artist-with-a-twist/article67036496.ece |url-access=limited |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704031742/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maaveeran-trailer-out-sivakarthikeyan-plays-a-comic-artist-with-a-twist/article67036496.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025
| ''[[Nesippaya]]''
| Diya Ramalingam
|
|<ref>{{cite news|date=20 March 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aditi-shankar-will-be-akashs-love-interest-in-his-debut-film-with-vishnuvardhan/articleshow/98792464.cms|title=Aditi Shankar will be Akash's love interest in his debut film with Vishnuvardhan|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhairavam]]''
| Vennela
|[[Telugu Cinema|Telugu]]
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] Debut
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aditi-shankar-to-make-her-telugu-debut-with-bellamkonda-sreenivas-bhairavam/article68872081.ece/ |title=Aditi Shankar to make her Telugu debut with Bellamkonda Sreenivas’ ‘Bhairavam’ |website=The Hindu |accessdate=16 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1"| TBA
| {{Pending film|[[Once More (2025 film)|Once More]]}}
| {{TableTBA}}
|Tamil
| Completed
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/arjun-das-aditi-shankar-begin-shoot-for-vignesh-srikanths-debut-directorial-2565272-2024-07-11 |title=Arjun Das, Aditi Shankar begin shoot for Vignesh Srikanth's debut directorial |website=India Today |accessdate=27 August 2024}}</ref>
|}

==Discography==
* (D) indicates dubbing.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Aditi Shankar playback singer credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" | Lyrics
! scope="col" | Language
!Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022 || ''[[Ghani (2022 film)|Ghani]] '' || "Romeo Juliet" || [[Thaman S]] || Raghuram || [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]
| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2022 |title=Aditi Shankar steals the show at 'Romeo Juliet' song launch event |url=https://cinechitchat.com/aditi-shankar-steals-the-show-at-romeo-juliet-song-launch-event/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209053818/https://cinechitchat.com/aditi-shankar-steals-the-show-at-romeo-juliet-song-launch-event/ |archive-date=9 February 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=cinechitchat.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{n/a}}
|"Vanakkam Chennai Chess"
|colspan="2"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Promotional song for the [[44th Chess Olympiad]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yespunjab.com/asked-to-do-chess-olympiad-video-vignesh-shivan-thanks-the-universe/ |title=Asked to do Chess Olympiad Video, Vignesh Shivan thanks 'the universe' |work=Yes Punjab |date=16 July 2022 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614073124/https://yespunjab.com/asked-to-do-chess-olympiad-video-vignesh-shivan-thanks-the-universe/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Viruman]] '' || "Madura Veeran" || [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] || [[Raju Murugan]]
| ||<ref name="M"/>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]''
|"Vannarapettayila"
|rowspan="2"|Bharath Sankar
|[[Yugabharathi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vannarapettayila-sivakarthikeyan-aditi-shankar-croon-for-the-melody-bts-video-from-maaveeran-revealed/905429ca3c908 |title=Vannarapettayila: Sivakarthikeyan, Aditi Shankar croon for the melody, BTS video from Maaveeran revealed |work=OTTplay |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824094805/https://www.ottplay.com/news/vannarapettayila-sivakarthikeyan-aditi-shankar-croon-for-the-melody-bts-video-from-maaveeran-revealed/905429ca3c908 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Mahaveerudu'' (D)|| "Bangaarupetalona" || Rehman || Telugu
| || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/mahaveerudu-song-bangaarupetalona-lyrical/videoshow/101179730.cms |title=Mahaveerudu {{!}} Song - Bangaarupetalona (Lyrical) |work=The Times of India |date=23 June 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714183153/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/mahaveerudu-song-bangaarupetalona-lyrical/videoshow/101179730.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]'' (D) || "Dhop" || [[Thaman S]] || [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] || rowspan="2" | Tamil
| || <ref>https://www.msn.com/en-in/sports/cricket/dhop-song-from-ram-charan-s-upcoming-movie-game-changer-is-out/ar-AA1wj6ST</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Thaai Kizhavi]]'' || "Aaradi Kaathirukku" || [[Nivas K. Prasanna]] || Jegan Kaviraj
| || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCXMqPzy4rw|title=Thaai Kizhavi - Full Album | Radikaa Sarathkumar | Sivakumar Murugesan | Nivas K Prasanna|date=4 March 2026|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Aditi Shankar film awards and nominations
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
| rowspan="2" |[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Vikatan Awards]]
|Best Debut Actress
| rowspan="4" |''[[Viruman]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |script-title=ta:Ananda Vikatan – 29 March 2023 – சினிமா விருதுகள் 2022 – திறமைக்கு மரியாதை {{!}} Ananda Vikatan cinema awards 2022 – Vikatan |trans-title=Ananda Vikatan – 29 March 2023 – Cinema Awards 2022 – Tribute to talent {{!}} Ananda Vikatan cinema awards 2022 – Vikatan |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards-2022 |website=cinema.vikatan.com |language=ta |access-date=2 April 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327060919/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Best Playback Singer
|{{Nominated}}
|{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
|-
| [[SIIMA]] || Best Debut Actress || {{won}} ||
|-
| [[68th Filmfare Awards South|2024]]
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| Best Female Debut
| {{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=12910360}}
*{{Instagram|id=aditishankarofficial|name=Aditi Shankar}}

{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Débutante | state=autocollapse}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Aditi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]

Secret Home

2026-03-03T09:36:16Z

Bhupendra: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Secret Home Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Abhayakumar K.
| writer = Anil Kurian
| producer = {{plainlist|
*Santhosh Thrivikraman
*Shibu Job
*Aneesh C. Salim
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sshivada]]
*[[Chandhunadh]]
*[[Aparna Das]]
*[[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]]
}}
| cinematography = Ajay David Kachappilly
| editing = Rajesh Rajenndrran
| music = Sankar Sharma
| studio =
| distributor = Wow Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|03|22|india|}}
| runtime = 117 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Secret Home''''' is a 2024 [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] [[Crime film|crime]] film written by Anil Kurian and directed by Abhayakumar K. The film was produced by Santhosh Thrivikraman, Shibu Job, and Aneesh C. Salim. The film features [[Sshivada]], [[Chandhunadh]], [[Aparna Das]] and [[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title='Every House Has Secrets': Second Poster Of Malayalam Film Secret Home Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/every-house-has-secrets-second-poster-of-malayalam-film-secret-home-out-8750077.html |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story is about a teacher, who, despite experiencing hallucination, looks to find out the truth about a mother and the serious allegations being levelled against her. What makes the plot interesting is that the hallucinations that she experiences are partly true.

== Cast ==
* [[Sshivada]] as Sarika
* [[Chandhunadh]] as Saran
* [[Aparna Das]] as Ayana
* [[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]]
* [[Maala Parvathi]]
* Darshana S. Nair

== Release ==
The first release date of ''Secret Home'' was 15 March 2024, but later it was postponed to 22 March 2024. It was released theatrically on 22 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web | date=2024-03-14 |title=Chandunadh-Aparna Das starrer Secret Home gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/14/chandunadh-aparna-das-starrer-secret-home-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Vivek Santhosh from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated this film two out of five stars and said "Adding to its woes, Secret Home's screenplay felt like it was written backwards after finalising on its derivative plot twist. Even the technical aspects don't come together to help mask the flaws of a film that is confused on what it ultimately wants to convey".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2024-03-23 |title='Secret Home' movie review: Vacuous murder mystery sans focus and intrigue |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Mar/23/secret-home-movie-review-vacuous-murder-mystery-sans-focus-and-intrigue |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Times Now]]'' rated this film {{Fraction|3|1|2}} stars out of 5 stars and said "Ajay David Kachappilly's visuals are striking and add to the intensity of the plot while Sankar Sharma's music enhances the mood. Director Abhayakumar K delivers a crime thriller that is reasonably well made".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Secret Home Review: A Crime Thriller That By And Large Works |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/secret-home-review-a-crime-thriller-that-by-and-large-works-review-108711104 |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> Gayathri Krishna from ''[[OTTplay]]'' rated this film three out of five stars and said "Overall, Secret Home has every component needed to be a strong thriller drama, but it does not quite manage to leave the audience with a lasting impression. Still, some of the performances in this movie really shine".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secret Home falls short of expectations, despite a few standout performances |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/secret-home-review-the-thriller-drama-falls-short-of-viewers-expectations-despite-a-few-standout-performances/2d3baa139c86 |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt26923519}}

[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]

Pollachi Mappillai

2026-03-03T02:59:18Z

Bhupendra: Put up basic stub nd citations...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pollachi Mappillai
| image = Pollachi Mappillai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = R. Lakshmanan
| producer = Mangai Harirajan
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Sathyaraj]] [[Goundamani]]
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = S. Ashokrajan
| editing = M. Sunilkumar
| studio = Priyanka Art Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|07|16}}
| country = India
| runtime = 125 minutes
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pollachi Mappillai''''' ({{translation|Pollachi son-in-law}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[comedy film]] directed by R. Lakshmanan. The film features [[Sathyaraj]] and [[Goundamani]] in lead roles with Susan in a pivotal role. The film, produced by Mangai Harirajan, had musical score by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] and was released after several delays on 16 July 2010 to positive reviews,<ref name="behindwoods">{{cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/features/visitors-1/pollachi-mapillai-24-07-10.html|title=Pollachi Mapillai - Review - Tamil Movie Visitor Coloumn - Pollachi Mapillai – Sathyaraj – Goundamani – Vinu Chakravarthy – Mani Vannan - Behindwoods.com|website=Behindwoods.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> but it was a flop at the box office.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Sathyaraj]] as Sengaaliyappan
*[[Goundamani]] as Chellapatta
*Susan as Deivanai
*[[Manivannan]] as Killer Manju
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Muthu Gounder
*[[T. P. Gajendran]] as Astrologer
*[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Inspector Sathish
*[[Alex (actor)|Alex]] as Virudhagiri
*[[Halwa Vasu]] as Killer Manju's assistant
*[[Balu Anand]] as Salli Veera
*[[Abhinayashree]] as Dancer (item number in "Dhuddu Dhuddu")
*Gumtaj as Dancer (item number in "Vecha Idam")
}}

==Production==
Television serial director Mangai Harirajan chose to make a film with Sathyaraj in a venture titled ''Kootani Aatchi'' in early 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/11kootaniatchi.asp |title=Kootani Atchi |website=Chennai Online |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126020416/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/11kootaniatchi.asp |archive-date=26 November 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The project meant that Sathyaraj and Harirajan agreed to shelve another film they were making together titled ''Perumal Samy'', a film based on a Kolkata-based hangman with [[Sibiraj]] also in the cast.<ref name="nowrunning">{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=1556|title=Sathyaraj to meet Bengal hangman|publisher=nowrunning.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref><ref name="indiaglitz">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/13600.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111191747/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/13600.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2014|title=Better bet as a baddie - Bollywood Movie News|website=IndiaGlitz.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> Lakshmanan, an associate to [[Sundar C]], was selected to make his debut as director; while Susan who had appeared in ''[[Neranja Manasu]]'' (2004) was roped in to play heroine.<ref name="indiaglitz2">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/15130.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111193801/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/15130.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2014|title=Susan finds a role - Bollywood Movie News|website=IndiaGlitz.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> In April 2005, the team chose to change the film's title to ''Kovai Express'', supposedly inspired by [[Kamal Haasan]]'s film from the same period, ''[[Mumbai Xpress (2005 Tamil film)|Mumbai Xpress]]''.<ref name="renamed_from_200_on_20140404214639">{{cite web|url=http://173.193.200.250/channels/tamil/article/14039.html|title=Changes galore - Tamil Movie News|publisher=173.193.200.250|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> The title was soon after changed to ''Pollachi Mappillai''.

Production delays of the film, led to slow progress and long breaks between schedules. An item number featuring Gumtaj was added and the team began preparing for a Summer 2008 release, though further financial constraints meant more delays.<ref name="indiaglitz4">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/39554.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626115607/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/39554.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 June 2008|title='Pollachi Mappillai' is coming to town - Tamil Movie News|website=IndiaGlitz.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by Deva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spicyonion.com/movie/pollachi-mappillai/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620155124/http://spicyonion.com/movie/pollachi-mappillai/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 June 2013|title=Pollachi Mappillai}}</ref> The soundtrack of the film was released in March 2008 at Hotel Green Park in a ceremony which involved several film producers.<ref name="indiaglitz3">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/14892.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192505/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/14892.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2014|title=Events - 'Pollachi Maapillai' Audio Launch|website=IndiaGlitz.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/in-true-deva-style/article1411792.ece|title=In true Deva style - The Hindu|newspaper=The Hindu|date=April 2008|publisher=thehindu.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref>
*"Indha Guindy" - Senthil, Jayalakshmi
*"Mappillai Mappillai" - Madurai Panneerselvam
*"Dhuddu Dhuddu" - Sofiya
*"Vecha Idam" - Mano, Sofiya

==Release==
The film eventually had a low key release in July 2010, with little spending by the team on publicity.<ref name="indiaglitz5">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/58635.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111193005/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/58635.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2014|title=Friday Fiesta 160710 - Bollywood Movie News|website=IndiaGlitz.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> It had an average box office opening, though quickly slipped out of theatres.<ref name="behindwoods2">{{cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/top-ten-movies-july-06/tamil-cinema-topten-movie-pollachi-maple.html|title=Pollachi Maple - Behindwoods.com - Tamil Top Ten Movies - Naadodigal Masilamani Vaalmiki Mutthirai Mayandi Kudumbathar Ayan Pasanga|website=Behindwoods.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> [[The New Indian Express]] labelled the film as "very forgettable".<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article187096.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112035911/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article187096.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 January 2014|title=Pollachi Maapillai|publisher=newindianexpress.com|accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=4317586}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2010 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:2010 comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Upendra (actor)

2026-03-02T09:11:13Z

Bhupendra: quick improved layout for clarity and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian actor and politician}}
{{About|the Kannada actor and director|the film|Upendra (film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Upendra
| image = Upendra at KLE Society's Law-College, Bangalore 2.jpg
| caption = Upendra in 2021
| birth_name = Upendra Rao
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|9|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Koteshwara]], [[Kundapura taluk]], [[Udupi District]], [[Mysore State]] (present-day [[Karnataka]]), India
| other_names = Uppi
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film director|producer|screenwriter|playback singer|lyricist|politician}}
| years_active = 1989–present
| works = [[Upendra filmography|Full list]]
| party = [[Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Priyanka Trivedi]]|2003}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Upendra Rao''' (born 18 September 1967) is an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, lyricist, playback singer, producer and politician, known for his work in [[Kannada cinema]]. He has also worked in a few [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films.

In 2017, Upendra joined the political party [[Karnataka Pragnyavanta Janata Paksha]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Kannada film actor Upendra unveils name of his new political outfit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kannada-film-actor-upendra-unveils-name-of-his-new-political-outfit/articleshow/61366803.cms|access-date=1 November 2017|work=The Times of India|date=31 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kannada-actor-upendra-s-new-political-party-karnataka-pragnavanta-janata-paksha-70821|title=Karnataka Pragnavantha Janatha Paksha(KPJP)|date=31 October 2017 |work=The News Minute|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> before quitting the party in 2018 due to internal differences and formed another party named [[Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]] (UPP), which was based on the principles of ''Prajākīya'' (citizen-centric administration). He received an Honorary Doctorate from [[Angkor University]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Happy Birthday Upendra Rao: Super to Raktha Kanneeru, 5 Best Works of the Star |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-upendra-rao-super-to-raktha-kanneeru-5-best-works-of-the-star-2887467.html |access-date=2020-09-18 |work=News 18}}</ref>

He started his film career as a writer and an assistant director with actor and film director [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]. His first directorial venture was ''[[Tharle Nan Maga]]'' (1992). In the mid-1990s, Upendra directed ''[[Om (1995 film)|Om]]'' (1995) which emerged as a blockbuster at the box office and became a cult classic film. He later made the film in Telugu as ''Omkaram.'' This was followed by ''[[A (1998 Kannada film)|A]]'', in which he debuted as an actor. The film went to be a major success and catapulted him to new heights of fame.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-23 |title=This Day, That Year: Upendra's debut as hero, the cult classic 'A' turns 24 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-that-year-upendras-debut-as-hero-the-cult-classic-a-turns-24/articleshow/89072088.cms |access-date=2023-11-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His next film was the psychological thriller ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' (1999), which became a cult film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Birthday special: 5 movies that prove Upendra is the 'Real Star' of Kannada cinema|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/birthday-special-5-movies-that-prove-upendra-is-the-real-star-of-kannada-cinema-889273.html |access-date=2020-09-18 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> After a decade of acting,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/39316.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615093513/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/39316.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2008|title=Excited Upendra on Tamil Film 'Sathyam'|website=IndiaGlitz|date=14 June 2008|access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> he returned to directing with [[Super (2010 Indian film)|''Super'']], which was well-received critically and commercially''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemagupshup.com/kannada/kannada-box-office-report/upendra-kannada-film-super-box-office-report-collections/ |title=Upendra Kannada Film Super Box Office Report, Collections|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222021816/http://www.cinemagupshup.com/kannada/kannada-box-office-report/upendra-kannada-film-super-box-office-report-collections/ |date=22 December 2010 |work=Cinemagupshup.com|archive-date=22 December 2010}}</ref> ''

Upendra is known for his works in films such as ''[[Preethse]]'' (2000), ''[[Super Star (2002 film)|Super Star]]'' (2002), ''[[Kutumba]]'' (2002), ''[[Gokarna (film)|Gokarna]]'' (2002), ''[[Hollywood (2002 film)|Hollywood]]'' (2002), ''[[Raktha Kanneeru]]'' (2003), ''[[Gowramma]]'' (2005), ''[[Aishwarya (film)|Aishwarya]]'' (2006), ''[[Anatharu]]'' (2007), ''[[Budhivanta]]'' (2008), ''[[Kalpana (2012 film)|Kalpana]]'' (2012), ''[[Godfather (2012 film)|Godfather]]'' (2012), ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'' (2015), ''[[Uppi 2]]'' (2015), ''[[I Love You (2019 film)|I Love You]]'' (2019), ''[[UI (film)|UI]]'' (2024) and ''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]'' (2025).

== Early life ==
Upendra was born to Manjunath Rao and Anusuya in [[Bengaluru]], on 18 September 1967. His father was from Thekkatte, [[Koteshwara]], [[Kundapur Taluk]], [[Udupi district]] in Karnataka, formerly [[Mysore State]]. He is the second son of his family, his older brother is Sudheendra Rao, who is an army officer. He obtained his [[Bachelor of Commerce]] degree from APS College of Commerce, Bangalore. During his time at the college, he participated in plays and often formed troupes with his friends. His association with actor and director [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]], a distant relative of his, began during his final year in college. Upendra was born in Pushya nakshatra and Simha lagna.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0kCYzGPnoY|title=Weekend With Ramesh — Episode 15 – September 20, 2014|date=20 September 2014|people=Rao, Upendra|publisher=Zee Kannada|location=India|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref>

==Film career==

=== Early years (1989–1999) ===

Upendra first appeared on screen making an appearance in [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]'s 1989 comedy film, ''[[Anantana Avantara]]''. He appeared as Lord [[Kamadeva]] in the song "Come On Come On Kaamanna". In ''[[Love Maadi Nodu]]'' starring Kashinath, he made a cameo appearance as a doctor. In ''[[Ajagajantara]]'', directed by Kashinath, he made a cameo appearance. In his directorial debut, ''[[Shhh! (film)|Shhh!]]'' (1993), Upendra made another cameo appearance, like a mad man in the attire of a police officer barging into a film set. In his 1995 directorial ''[[Operation Antha]]'', he appears as a man urinating on a roadside wall and explains of India's ways to a complaining Mandakini (played by Sangeetha).

Upendra assisted filmmaker Kashinath in various departments apart from assisting in writing songs, dialogues, and screenplay for his films. He co-directed a film with Kashinath.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kashinath was a film university in himself: Upendra|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kashinath-was-a-film-university-in-himself-upendra/articleshow/62555313.cms|access-date=2021-07-23|website=The Times of India|date=19 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Upendra started as a director with a typical Kashinath style comedy called ''[[Tharle Nan Maga]]'' in 1992. The film introduced famed comedian [[Jaggesh]]. It went on to be a success and has since achieved a cult following.<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Birthday Upendra: When the Kannada star beat Shah Rukh Khan to romance Deepika Padukone |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/happy-birthday-51-upendra-deepika-padukone-5362471 |website=The Indian Express |access-date=20 September 2023 |language=en |date=18 September 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Upendra directed a horror suspense thriller next called ''[[Shhh! (film)|Shhh!]]'' in 1993. The film featured Kashinath and a young producer and actor, [[Kumar Govind]]. The film was a major box office success, and Upendra came out as an independent director.<ref>{{cite web |title=Upendra's 'Shhh' to release again after 24 years |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/upendra-s-shhh-release-again-after-24-years-68963 |website=The News Minute |access-date=20 September 2023 |language=en |date=25 September 2017}}</ref>

Upendra's next film was a [[crime drama]] titled ''[[Om (1995 film)|Om]],'' (1995), which he wrote after being inspired by a real incident in the 1980s. [[Shiva Rajkumar]] played a gangster, Sathya, alongside other real-life gangsters who appeared in cameos. [[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]] played the female lead. The film's unique story-telling in the form of multiple [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback sequences]] supporting the plotline won critical praise and was also a major commercial success. This film too went on to attain cult status among Kannada audiences.<ref>{{cite web |last1=George |first1=Nina C. |title=25 years of gangster film 'Om' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/25-years-of-gangster-film-om-841079.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=20 September 2023 |language=en |date=23 May 2020}}</ref>

Upendra turned towards a project to direct an extended version of the 1981 film ''Antha'' and called it ''[[Operation Antha]]''. The film had [[Ambareesh]] reprise his role from ''Antha'' as both Sushil Kumar and Kanwar Lal. The film was not very successful; it was also controversial for its taunts on some real-life political figures.<ref name=sandalwoodking>{{cite web|title=Uppi ... RealStar from Tharle Nan Maga to Uppi 2|url=http://www.sandalwoodking.com/topic/6802-uppi-realstar-from-tharle-nan-maga-to-uppi2/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416214256/http://www.sandalwoodking.com/topic/6802-uppi-realstar-from-tharle-nan-maga-to-uppi2/|archive-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1997, Upendra directed ''[[A (Kannada film)|A]]'', through which he made a successful transition to acting.<ref name=sandalwoodking/> The film is about a love affair between a film director and an actress, in which the actress rejects the director, causing him to become an alcoholic. It further led to the discovery of conspiracies on a reshoot by the director, who vowed revenge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upendra Movies |url=https://bookmetickets.com/content/upendra-movies/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=bookmetickets.com |language=en}}</ref> There were rumors that it was Upendra's own story, and the actress in the film portrayed his protege [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]]. This added to the film's popularity and it broke many box office records upon release and went on to become one of the highest grossing Kannada films of its time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?id=2305&ptype=News&title=PRODUCER%20JAGANNATH%20DEPARTS|title='A' film Producer Jagannath Departs|date=19 September 2010|access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref> The film had a 175-day run in [[Karnataka]]<ref name="sandalwoodking" /> was also dubbed to [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and repeated its success in [[Andhra Pradesh]] too, where it had a 100-day run.<ref name="gandhadagudi1">{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=5530&start=2400|title=Kannada stars in other languages – Gandhadagudi Forum|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112100856/http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=5530&start=2400|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film won accolades from [[Bollywood]] personalities like [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Anil Kapoor]].<ref name="sandalwoodking" /> Upendra was now a big name in [[Kannada cinema]] and was also popular in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="sandalwoodking" /><ref name="ourkarnataka1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/kannada/movie/uppi_updown.htm|title=Upendra ups and downs|access-date=2 January 2005|archive-date=5 June 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605003250/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/kannada/movie/uppi_updown.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1998, Upendra directed and starred in ''A'', which was his fifth film as a director but his first lead role as a hero. The film had a 175-day run<ref name=gandhadagudi2/> and became a trend-setting blockbuster in [[Karnataka]],<ref name=sandalwoodking/> with its Telugu dubbed version running for 100 days in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=gandhadagudi1/> Around this time, he received an offer from [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]] to make a film for them, which did not materialize.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bellave |first1=Pradeep |title=He's 'different' |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar24/ent1.htm |publisher=Deccan Herald |access-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020329132513/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar24/ent1.htm |archive-date=29 March 2002 |date=24 March 2002}}</ref> Due to Upendra's newly found popularity in Telugu, Telugu director [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]] cast him in the 1998 Telugu film ''[[Kanyadanam (1998 film)|Kanyadanam]]'' alongside [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]] and [[Rachana Banerjee|Rachana]], which also became a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/upendra_interview.php|title=TC Star Interviews – Upendra|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406205239/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/upendra_interview.php|archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref> In 1999 Upendra again directed and starred in his self-titled film ''Upendra'' which starred [[Bollywood]] actress [[Raveena Tandon]]. The film went on to become a bigger hit than ''A'', both in Karnataka as well as in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=sandalwoodking/> The film had a 200 days run in Karnataka<ref name=gandhadagudi2/> and 100 days run in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=gandhadagudi1/>

Upendra's next movie was ''[[Swasthik]]'' with lead [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], which was released in 1998. The film performed averagely at the box office but critically well received.<ref name=sandalwoodking/><ref>{{cite news|author=Sunayana Suresh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Vishwaroopam-similar-to-Upendras-Swasthik/articleshow/18346519.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130728194913/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-05/news-interviews/36763851_1_kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-kannada-film-real-star-upendra|url-status=live|archive-date=28 July 2013|title=Vishwaroopam Similar To Upendra's Swasthik|agency=TNN|date=5 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref>

In 1999, Upendra made a self-titled film, ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]''. Upendra acted in this film as the unnamed protagonist (or antagonist) ''Naanu'' (I or Myself). The film starred three heroines: Damini, [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], and [[Bollywood]] actress [[Raveena Tandon]]. ''Naanu'' was an arrogant character and was very demeaning towards women, bordering on misogyny; which led to a lot of criticism on the film.<ref name=sandalwoodking/> However, the film broke many box office records and went on to be a much bigger hit than ''A'' in both Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=sandalwoodking/> The film had a 200-day run in Karnataka,<ref name=gandhadagudi2>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=6429&p=517867#p517867|title=Topiwala – Gandhadagudi Forum|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014051/http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=6429&p=517867#p517867|url-status=dead}}</ref> and its Telugu version had a 100-day run in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=gandhadagudi1/> Upendra was now not only a remarkably successful director, but also a big star with a large fan base in [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=sandalwoodking/><ref name=ourkarnataka1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/upendrasuper_moviereview_printer.php|title=Upendra Super Telugu version|access-date=20 April 2014|archive-date=8 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508174252/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/upendrasuper_moviereview_printer.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since then, Upendra gave up directing and concentrated more on his acting career.

===Acting career (2000-2009)===

In 2000, Upendra starred opposite Bollywood actress [[Sonali Bendre]] in the psychological thriller ''[[Preethse]]'' which was a remake of Bollywood film ''[[Darr]]''. ''Preethse'' became Upendra's third consecutive blockbuster<ref name=sandalwoodking/> that ran for 175 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=28|title=Upendra – Gandhadagudi Forum|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015215/http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=28|url-status=dead}}</ref> With three back-to-back highly received films, Upendra became well known in [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=sandalwoodking/> Due to the success of the Telugu dubbed versions of his Kannada films and ''Kanyadanam'', he starred in the Telugu films ''[[Oke Maata]]'', ''[[Raa (film)|Raa]]'' and ''[[Neethone Vuntanu]]''. ''Raa'' was a typical Upendra style film in which he plays a womanizing playboy. Upendra starred opposite his future wife [[Priyanka Trivedi]] for the first time in this film. While ''Raa'' written by him was a box office success,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/tradestory27.html|title=Cycle Stand – Telugu Cinema Trade Story|publisher=IdleBrain|date=13 November 2001|access-date=21 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929190214/http://idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/tradestory27.html|archive-date=29 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/nallamalupubujji.html|title=Nallamalupu Bujji interview – Telugu Cinema interview – Telugu film producer|publisher=IdleBrain|date=29 September 2008|access-date=21 July 2012}}</ref> the other two films were box office failures causing Upendra to take a break from straight Telugu films.<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/upendra_interview.php |title=TC Star Interviews - Upendra |work=[[Telugucinema.com]]|date=10 July 2007 |accessdate= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406205239/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/upendra_interview.php |archive-date=6 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2002, Upendra acted in less-received films such as ''[[H2O (2002 film)|H2O]]'', ''[[Super Star (2002 film)|Super Star]]'', ''[[Hollywood (2002 film)|Hollywood]]'', ''[[Nagarahavu (2002 film)|Nagarahavu]]'' and ''[[Naanu Naane]]'' for not meeting expectations and having average run at the box office.<ref name=sandalwoodking/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/flash-back/3154-2002-year-round-up.html|title=Kannada films 2002 – Round up|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=11 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112613/http://chitraloka.com/flash-back/3154-2002-year-round-up.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

From 2003 to 2005 he starred in 5 back-to-back films that each ran for 100 days such as ''Kutumba'', ''Raktha Kanneeru'', ''Gokarna'', ''Gowramma'', and ''Auto Shankar''; all of which were well received at the box office.<ref name=sandalwoodking/> Only two films of Upendra in this time were received poorly: ''[[Omkara (2004 film)|Omkara]]'' and ''News''.<ref name=sandalwoodking/>

Upendra had a less successful phase from 2006 to 2009, as most of his films during this period went unnoticed at the box office such as ''[[Uppi Dada M.B.B.S.]]'', ''Tandege Takka Maga'', ''[[Parodi (film)|Parodi]]'', ''[[Masti (2007 film)|Masti]]'', ''[[Toss (2007 film)|Toss]]'' (Telugu), ''[[Lava Kusha (2007 film)|Lava Kusha]]'', ''[[Sathyam (2008 film)|Sathyam]]'' (Tamil), ''[[Dubai Babu]]'' and ''Rajini''.<ref name=sandalwoodking/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/52982.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120012200/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/52982.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2010|title=Kannada films 2009 – Hits and misses|website=IndiaGlitz|date=25 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadawood.com/2010/01/super-hit-and-super-flop-kannada-films.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422004943/http://www.kannadawood.com/2010/01/super-hit-and-super-flop-kannada-films.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 April 2010|title=Kannada films 2009 – BO Report|date=January 2010}}</ref>

The only commercial well-received films he acted in during this period were the candy floss romantic comedy ''[[Aishwarya (film)|Aishwarya]]'', which ran for 75 days,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cineloka.co.in/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1496&p=124426|title=Upendra – Achievements & Accolades|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014150/http://cineloka.co.in/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1496&p=124426|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the moderately successful ''[[Anatharu]]'' which ran for 70 days.<ref name=sandalwoodking/> Upendra received praise and critical acclaim for his performance in ''Anatharu''.

''[[Budhivanta]],'' which was Upendra's only release in 2008, was considered as his big comeback. The film was declared a blockbuster<ref>{{cite web|date=30 December 2008|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hollywood/article/43964.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019143743/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hollywood/article/43964.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 October 2013|title=Kannada films 2008 Report}}</ref> and ran for 100 days;<ref>{{cite news|date=6 January 2009|website=Oneindia|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2009/buddhivantha-100-days-060109.html|title=Buddhivatha completes 100 days|access-date=16 April 2014|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021035347/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2009/buddhivantha-100-days-060109.html|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the top box office grosser of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/2008-Top-5-films-at-the-box-office-imagegallery-kannada-jdwmUxcjhci.html?html=5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819162326/http://www.sify.com/movies/2008-Top-5-films-at-the-box-office-imagegallery-kannada-jdwmUxcjhci.html?html=5|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-08-19|title=Upendra's 'Buddhivantha' – The Top Grosser of 2008|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''Budhivanta''{{'}}s Telugu dub was also well-received and ran for 50 days in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=gandhadagudi1/>

===Comeback as director and double roles (2010-2019)===
[[File:Upendra at KLE Society's Law-College, Bangalore 6.jpg|thumb|right|215px|Upendra with a fan on stage during his visit to [[KLE Society's Law College]], Bangalore, in 2019]]

2010 marked Upendra's comeback to directing after 10 years. After several ups and downs in his acting career, Upendra came back to direct and act in the 2010 film ''[[Super (2010 Indian film)|Super]]'' in which he starred alongside Tamil actress [[Nayantara]] and [[Tulip Joshi]]. The movie was released in a record number of theatres all over [[Karnataka]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/-super--fabulous-in-collection--kannada-news-62151|title=Upendra's Super released in record number of theaters|website=IndiaGlitz|date=7 December 2010}}</ref> and was also dubbed into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and released in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. ''Super'' broke many box office records upon release and completing 175 days of the run, becoming one of the highest-grossing critically acclaimed [[Kannada cinema|Kannada films]] of 2010.

In 2011, Tamil actor [[Rajinikanth]] attended a private screening of ''Super'' in [[Bangalore]]. Rajinikanth watched the film along with Upendra and a couple of friends. "Upendra is a great actor and director. There is hardly anyone in [[Indian Cinema]], who would think like him. Only he can think like that. I like watching Upendra's films, and this was no exception. If I get an opportunity and an impressive script, I'd like to act in a Upendra film in the future," said Rajini.<ref>{{cite news|author=Madhu Daithota|agency=TNN|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/I-like-watching-Upendras-films-Rajinikanth/articleshow/7384776.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410104538/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-30/news-interviews/28367130_1_kannada-film-rajini-uppi|url-status=live|archive-date=10 April 2013|title=I like watching Upendra's films: Rajinikanth|date=30 January 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Shekhar H Hooli|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2011/rajinikanth-upendra-super-different-film-290111-aid0062.html|title=Rajinikanth describes Upendra's Super as different film|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=29 January 2011|access-date=18 October 2012|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021035345/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2011/rajinikanth-upendra-super-different-film-290111-aid0062.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Upendra then starred in films like ''[[Shrimathi]]'' (2011) opposite his wife [[Priyanka Trivedi]] and [[Bollywood]] actress [[Celina Jaitly]], and ''[[Aarakshaka]]'' (2012). In 2012, Upendra starred in several commercially successful films such as [[Stereoscopy|3D]] [[fantasy film]] ''[[Katari Veera Surasundarangi]]'' which was well-received<ref name=oneindia2>{{cite web|website=Oneindia|title=Best Kannada Actor of 2012|date=17 January 2013|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2012/best-kannada-actor-2012-102054.html|access-date=8 February 2013|archive-date=1 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101160116/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2012/best-kannada-actor-2012-102054.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and became the second-highest-grossing film of the year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cms.mumbaimirror.com/portalfiles/22/25/201212/Image/top%20ten%201st%20part.jpg|title=Top 10 Grossers of 2012|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=15 April 2014|archive-date=16 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182145/http://cms.mumbaimirror.com/portalfiles/22/25/201212/Image/top%20ten%201st%20part.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> followed by ''[[Godfather (2012 film)|Godfather]]'' which performed above average,<ref name=oneindia2/> and the horror-comedy film ''[[Kalpana (2012 film)|Kalpana]]'' which performed average at the box office.<ref name=oneindia2/>

Upendra's films from 2013 to 2015 such as ''[[Topiwala]]'' (2013), ''[[Brahma (2013 film)|Brahma]]'' (2014), ''[[Super Ranga]]'' (2014) and ''[[Shivam (2015 Kannada film)|Shivam]]'' (2015) performed poorly in theatres.<ref name=sandalwoodking/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Uppis-course-correction/articleshow/21200780.cms|title=Uppi's course correction|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/average-and-top-flops-of-2014-kannada-news-121894.html|title=Average and Top Flops of 2014|website=IndiaGlitz|date=27 December 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Shanshank, Upendra 2.jpg|thumb|right|215px|Film director [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]], Upendra in 2019]]

In 2015, Upendra directed and starred in a sequel to his 1999 film ''Upendra'', titled ''[[Uppi 2]]''.<ref name=ibtimes1>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/uppi-2-upendra-2-review-upendra-cooks-delicious-food-it-difficult-digest-643013|title='Uppi 2' (Upendra 2) Review: Upendra Cooks Delicious Food but it is Difficult to Digest!|publisher=IBTimes|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> As it was a sequel to ''Upendra'' and his comeback as a director after 5 years, expectations and the resulting hype was high before it released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12185-uppi2-in-250-screens.html|title=Uppi2 in 250 Screens|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806001655/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12185-uppi2-in-250-screens.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ytalkies.com/sandalwood-film-news/uppi-2-getting-delayed|title=Why is 'Uppi 2′ getting delayed?|publisher=Ytalkies}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/upendras-directorial-comeback-uppi-2-set-release-soon-638899|title=Upendra's Directorial Comeback 'Uppi 2' Set for Release Soon|publisher=IBTimes}}</ref> The film was simultaneously released in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and the US in over 600 theaters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ytalkies.com/sandalwood-film-news/uppi-2-release-600-theatres|title=Uppi-2 to release in 600 theatres|publisher=Ytalkies}}</ref> Upon release, the film set records for the highest grossing opening day for a Kannada movie.<ref name=ibtimes2>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/uppi-2-box-office-collection-upendra-directorial-makes-fantastic-business-2-days-643061|title='Uppi 2' Box Office Collection: Upendra Directorial Makes Fantastic Business in 2 Days|publisher=IBTimes|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref><ref name=filmbeat>{{cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2015/uppi-2-weekend-box-office-collection-collects-45-crores-194609.html|title=Uppi 2 Weekend (3 Days) Box Office Collection: Collects 45 Crores!|publisher=Filmibeat|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> Although the film got mixed responses because of its confusing storyline and screenplay, it was commercially successful and profitable with a 50-day theatrical run.<ref name=chitraloka>{{cite news|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12395-uppi-2-completes-50-days.html|title=Uppi 2 Completes 50 Days|publisher=Chitraloka|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=6 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006041017/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12395-uppi-2-completes-50-days.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It sold the second-highest number of tickets in online ticket sales on Bookmyshow among Kannada movies in 2015.<ref name=bookmyshow>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment/the-best-of-2015/66999|title=The Best of 2015|publisher=Bookmyshow|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> It was also successful outside of India and became the second-highest-grossing Kannada film of all time in US.<ref name=timesofindia>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/RangiTaranga-scores-above-all-Kannada-films/articleshow/49102147.cms|title=RangiTaranga scores above all Kannada films|agency=TNN|work=The Times of India|date=25 September 2015|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, Upendra starred alongside [[Allu Arjun]] in the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'' that was directed by [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. The film was declared a hit, grossing {{INR}}92 crores and netting over {{INR}}60 crores at the global box office,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Allu-Arjun-turns-down-Rs-12-cr-dance-deal/articleshow/47709006.cms|title=Allu Arjun turns down Rs. 12 cr dance deal|last=Pudipeddi|first=Haricharan|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=17 June 2015|access-date=18 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618061959/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Allu-Arjun-turns-down-Rs-12-cr-dance-deal/articleshow/47709006.cms|archive-date=18 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> becoming the seventh-highest-grossing Telugu film of all time worldwide.<ref name="3 week">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/allu-arjuns-so-satyamurthy-enters-list-of-alltime-top-ten-moneyspinners/544466-71-177.html|title=Allu Arjun's 'S/O Satyamurthy' enters list of all-time top ten moneyspinners|author=IANS|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=[[IBN Live]]|date=8 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508135826/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/allu-arjuns-so-satyamurthy-enters-list-of-alltime-top-ten-moneyspinners/544466-71-177.html|archive-date=8 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2016, Upendra starred in a sequel to his earlier hit horror film ''[[Kalpana (2012 film)|Kalpana]]'' titled as ''[[Kalpana 2]]'' which became an average grosser at the box office.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sandalwood-2016-highest-grossing-kannada-movies-2016-box-office-709450|title=Sandalwood 2016: Highest-grossing Kannada movies of 2016 at the box office|work=International Business Times|date=22 December 2016}}</ref> He also starred along with [[Sudeep]] in the remake of Bollywood film ''[[OMG – Oh My God!|OMG]]'' titled as ''[[Mukunda Murari]],'' which became a box office success and had a 50-day run.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14118-mukunda-murari-and-santhu-straight-forward-completes-50-days.html|title=Mukunda Murari And Santhu Straight Forward Completes 50 Days|work=Chitrolka|date=16 December 2016|access-date=8 February 2017|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126111234/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/14118-mukunda-murari-and-santhu-straight-forward-completes-50-days.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2017, he starred in the remake of ''[[Soggade Chinni Nayana]]'' titled ''[[Upendra Matte Baa]]''. N Arun Lokanath, who directed Upendra's critically-acclaimed ''[[H2O (2002 film)|H2O]]'', is collaborating with the actor again after a gap of 15 years.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Upendra Matte Baa movie review: Live audience response |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/upendra-matte-baa-movie-review-live-audience-response-749591 |access-date=2017-11-17 |work=Ib Times}}</ref> In 2019, he starred in ''[[I Love You (2019 film)|I Love You]]'', which released to positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I Love You Movie Review: Upendra’s signature style gives a classic touch to this romantic drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2019/Jun/14/i-love-you-movie-review-upendras-signature-style-gives-a-classic-touch-to-this-romantic-drama-12296.html |access-date=2019-06-14 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

===2022-present===

In 2022, he starred in ''[[Home Minister (film)|Home Minister]]'' and made a comeback to Telugu cinema with ''[[Ghani (2021 film)|Ghani]]'' in a brief role.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Home Minister Movie Review: A family entertainer that addresses an important issue |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2022/Apr/02/home-minister-movie-review-a-family-entertainer-that-addresses-an-important-issue-30623.html |access-date=2022-04-02 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Home Ghani Movie Review: A sports drama that lacks punch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/ghani/movie-review/90721783.cms |access-date=2022-04-08 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2023, he starred in ''[[Kabzaa (2023 film)|Kabzaa]]'', which had a similar theme to the ''[[KGF (film series)|KGF series]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I don’t mind Kabzaa being compared to KGF: R Chandru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-dont-mind-kabzaa-being-compared-to-kgf-r-chandru/articleshow/94331653.cms |access-date=2020-09-20 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Upendra launched his next directorial, ''[[UI (film)|UI]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Upendra directorial ‘UI’ gets a new release date
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/upendra-directorial-ui-gets-a-new-release-date/article68755804.ece |access-date=2024-10-15 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

He also plays an extended cameo role in director [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]'s ''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]'' (2025) starring [[Rajinikanth]], which marks his return to [[Tamil cinema]] after ''[[Satyam (2008 film)|Satyam]]'' (2008) starring [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-01|title='Coolie': Upendra plays Kaleesha in Rajinikanth's film|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/coolie-upendra-plays-kaleesha-in-rajinikanths-film/articleshow/112969746|access-date=2024-09-01|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Upendra on Coolie Cameo: 'Just Standing Beside Rajinikanth Was Enough' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/i-did-it-just-to-stand-beside-rajinikanth-upendra-breaks-silence-on-limited-role-in-coolie-3717793 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He is starring alongside [[Shiva Rajkumar]] in [[Arjun Janya|Arjun Janya's]] directorial ''[[45 (2025 film)|45]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite news |title=45 trailer reveals a moral world where every action is counted|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Dec/16/45-trailer-reveals-a-moral-world-where-every-action-is-counted|access-date=2025-12-16 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

== Political career ==
{{main|Uttama Prajaakeeya Party}}
[[File:Upendra (05).jpg|thumb|right|Upendra promoting his political party ''′Uttama Prajaakeeya Party′'']]
He started the political party Uttama Prajaakeeya Party in 2018, under the concept of "Prajaakeeya"{{mdash}}which represents the workers. Although he has strictly kept himself away from contesting in any elections, UPP had candidates across all the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] in the [[2019 Indian general elections|2019 Lok Sabha Elections]].<ref name="ref-ibt1">{{cite news |title=Karnataka assembly elections 2018: Upendra, Ramya, other Sandalwood star campaigners and contestants – IBTimes India |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/karnataka-assembly-elections-2018-upendra-ramya-other-sandalwood-star-campaigners-contestants-765150 |access-date=17 June 2019 |date=28 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="ref-bng1">{{cite news |title=Uttama Prajakeeya Party Candidate list – LS 2019 – Bangalorean |url=https://www.bangalorean.com/politics/uttama-prajakeeya-party-candidate-list-ls-2019/ |access-date=17 June 2019 |date=1 April 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419095803/https://www.bangalorean.com/politics/uttama-prajakeeya-party-candidate-list-ls-2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Craft and style ==
Upendra's films have been praised and criticized for their unusual plotlines and screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-11-28|title=He's 'different' - Deccan Herald|url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/F4C73A8E8DD5F735E5256B8A0020E922|access-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128133756/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/F4C73A8E8DD5F735E5256B8A0020E922|archive-date=28 November 2012}}</ref> During a radio interview, Upendra expressed his disappointment at being labeled as a "different director" and explained that most of his directorial ventures deal with the things that he had undergone in his real life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/top-stories/2010/upendra-not-different-director-031210.html |title=Upendra says, "I'm not at all different director."|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707181730/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/top-stories/2010/upendra-not-different-director-031210.html |archive-date=7 July 2012|work=Oneindia|date=3 December 2010}}</ref> He said, in regards to his non-linear narrative, that "when one wants to capture the upheavals in one's mind, it becomes a jumble. Our mind is like that, always confused."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/11/stories/2005111104250100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420020602/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/11/stories/2005111104250100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-04-20|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Entertainment Bangalore : Uppi's hardly uppity|last=bgbnd}}</ref>

The subject of the films coupled with Uppi's novel approach made headlines for mixed reasons. Upendra added that in his self-titled film he explored human nature which "ended with "Aham Brahmaasmi", where I wanted to say rise above I."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-importance-of-being-uppi/article1419579.ece|title=The importance of being Uppi|date=28 June 2008|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
===Family===
On 14 December 2003, Upendra married actress and former Miss Kolkata [[Priyanka Trivedi]], who first starred opposite him in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] movie ''[[Raa (film)|Raa]]'' and then in ''[[H2O (2002 film)|H2O]]''. Upendra and his family now reside in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/upendra-wedding-comes-as-a-shocker/articleshow/361510.cms|title=Upendra wedding comes as a shocker!|work=The Times of India |date=16 December 2003|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Endorsements ===
Upendra has endorsed a number of brands.<ref name=gandhadagudi3>{{cite web|url=http://gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=4965&start=90|title=Brand Ambassadors of Kannada Film Industry|access-date=13 April 2014|archive-date=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110001908/http://gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=4965&start=90|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upendra has been the brand ambassador of the [[United Breweries Group|United Breweries]], Lunars Footwear, SK Super TMT, [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (replaced by [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] in [[2010 Indian Premier League|IPL 3]]), [[Mavalli Tiffin Room]] (MTR), [[Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation|Bangalore Electricity Supply Company]], [[Emani]] Navaratna Brand, [[Karnataka Milk Federation]] (Nandini), [[Udayavani]] News Daily.<ref name=gandhadagudi3/>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Upendra filmography}}

==Discography==
===Soundtrack appearances===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Song
! Composer
! Co-singer(s)
!Notes
|-
|1999 || ''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' || "Uppiganta Ruchi Bere Illa" ||[[Gurukiran]]||
|
|-
|2002 || ''[[H2O (2002 film)|H2O]]'' || "Bida Byada", "Dil Ilde Love" ||[[Sadhu Kokila]] ||
|
|-
|2002 || ''[[Nagarahavu (2002 film)|Nagarahavu]]'' || "Yaaking Aadthiye" ||[[Hamsalekha]] ||[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|
|-
|2003 || ''[[Rakta Kanneeru]]'' || "Baa Baaro Rasika"||Sadhu Kokila || [[Sowmya Raoh]]
|
|-
|2004 || ''[[Omkara (2004 film)|Omkara]]'' || "Othla Othla" ||Gurukiran|| [[Shamitha Malnad]]
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|2006 || rowspan="2"|''[[Uppi Dada M.B.B.S.]]'' || "Makkar Maado Maliniye" ||rowspan="2"|[[R. P. Patnaik]]||
|
|-
| "M Andre" ||
|
|-
| ''[[Aishwarya (film)|Aishwarya]]'' || "Yella Okay Madhuve Yaake" ||[[Rajesh Ramanath]]||
|
|-
|2007 || ''[[Parodi (film)|Parodi]]'' || "Rowdy Mele" ||Rajesh Ramanath||
|
|-
|2008 || ''[[Budhivanta]]'' || "Chitranna" ||[[Vijay Antony]] || [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]]
|
|-
|2010 || ''[[Super (2010 Indian film)|Super]]'' || "Sikkapatte Ishtapatte"||[[V. Harikrishna]] ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011 || ''[[Jogayya]]'' || "Thagalakonde"||V. Harikrishna ||[[Priya Himesh]]
|
|-
| ''[[Jarasandha (film)|Jarasandha]]'' || "Pade Pade Phone-inalli" ||V Harikrishna || Priya Himesh
|
|-
|2012 || ''[[Katari Veera Surasundarangi]]'' || "Muthinantha Muthondhu"||Harikrishna ||
|
|-
|2013 || ''[[Brindavana]]'' || "Oye Kalla" ||Harikrishna || [[Indu Nagaraj]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014 || ''[[Jai Lalitha]]'' || "Thorisabedammi"||[[Sridhar V. Sambhram]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[Super Ranga]]'' || "Ondsali Avala"||Harikrishna ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015 || ''[[Krishna Leela (2015 film)|Krishna-Leela]]'' || "Phoneammangu Simmappangu"||Sridhar V. ||
|
|-
| ''[[Uppi 2]]'' || "Excuse Me Please" || Gurukiran ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016 || ''[[Kalpana 2]]'' || "H2O Kudidivni" || [[Arjun Janya]] || Aishwarya Rangarajan
|
|-
| ''Dombarata'' || || || || Tulu film<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=413989|title=Tulu movie 'Dombarata' to release in Gulf counties on Sept 22|work=[[Daijiworld Media|Daijiworld.com]]|date=14 September 2016|access-date=27 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mukunda Murari ]]'' || "I Am God, God is Great"|| Arjun Janya ||
|
|-
|2019 || ''[[I Love You (2019 film)|I Love You]]'' || "Life Ene T20" || Dr. Kiran Thaotambyle ||Chethan Naik, Vasushree Halemane
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Award
! Category
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="3"| 1999
|rowspan="3"|''[[A (Kannada film)|A]]''
|rowspan="2"| [[Udaya Film Awards]]
| Best Male Actor
| {{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name=oneindia4>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2013/udaya-film-awards-pics-upendra-radhika-winners-list-104563.html|title=Udaya film Awards won by Upendra|date=4 March 2013|access-date=31 March 2014|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021035309/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2013/udaya-film-awards-pics-upendra-radhika-winners-list-104563.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[46th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/324A4A470734BB1E6525694000620184|title=Filmfare Awards 1999|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323102405/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/324A4A470734BB1E6525694000620184|archive-date=23 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000
| rowspan="2" |''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[47th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]
| {{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name="hindu2000">{{cite news|url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/2000/04/15/stories/09150651.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013145530/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/04/15/stories/09150651.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2011|title=Filmfare Awards 2000|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 April 2000}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]]
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 2003
|rowspan=2| ''[[Nagarahavu (2002 film)|Nagarahavu]]''
| [[Udaya Film Awards]]
| Best Male Actor
| {{won}}
|<ref name=oneindia4/>
|-
| [[50th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref name=oneindia4/>
|-
|rowspan=3| 2004
|rowspan=3|''[[Raktha Kanneeru]]''
| Hello Gandhinagara Awards 2004
| Best Actor
| {{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name="chitraloka2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/awards/2918-hello-gandhinagara-awards-2004.html|title=Hello Gandhinagara Awards 2004|access-date=13 April 2014|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905011210/https://www.chitraloka.com/awards/2918-hello-gandhinagara-awards-2004.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Hello Gandhinagara Awards 2004
| Best Dialogue
| {{won}}
|-
| [[51st Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/news/Filmfare_awards.htm|title=51'st Filmfare Awards Nominations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019150441/http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/news/Filmfare_awards.htm|archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3| 2008
|rowspan=3|''[[Anatharu]]''
| [[Suvarna Film Awards]]
| Special Award For Performance
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=5740&start=2025|title=Gandhadagudi Forum – Upendra Suvarna Award for Anatharu|access-date=31 March 2014|archive-date=13 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413062810/http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=5740&start=2025|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[55th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/news/Filmfare_awards.htm|title=55'th Filmfare Awards Nominations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019150441/http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/news/Filmfare_awards.htm|archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Udaya Film Awards]]
| Best Male Actor
| {{nom}}
|<ref name=chinokino1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinokino.com/2013/03/2013-udaya-film-awards-winners.html|title=2013 Udaya Film Awards – winners|first=David|last=Eng}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
|''[[Budhivanta]]''
| [[56th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/news/Filmfare_awards.htm|title=56'th Filmfare Awards Nominations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019150441/http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/news/Filmfare_awards.htm|archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=8| 2011
|rowspan=10|''[[Super (2010 Indian film)|Super]]''
|rowspan=3| [[Udaya Film Awards]]
| Best Screenplay
| {{won}}
|rowspan=3|<ref name=chinokino1/>
|-
| Best Director
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Male Actor
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Suvarna Film Awards]]
| Favorite Director Award
| {{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name=oneindia5>{{cite news|website=[[Oneindia]]|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2011/puneet-radhika-suvarana-film-awards-290611-aid0062.html|title=Suvarna Film Awards 2011|author=Shekhar Hooli|date=29 June 2011|access-date=31 March 2014|archive-date=17 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217145236/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2011/puneet-radhika-suvarana-film-awards-290611-aid0062.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Favorite Film
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan=3| [[58th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
|rowspan=3|<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/58th-south-filmfare-awards-nominees-10839|title=58th South Filmfare Awards - Winners|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Kannada|Best Playback Singer- Male]] for "Sikka Patte"
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2| 2012
| [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
| [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director]]
| {{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|website=[[Sify]]|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/state-awards-for-puneet-upendra-news-kannada-melll5ecccb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924203045/http://www.sify.com/movies/state-awards-for-puneet-upendra-news-kannada-melll5ecccb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2012|date=11 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
| [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film]]
| {{won}}
|-
| 2012
|''[[Shrimathi]]''
| [[1st South Indian International Movie Awards|1st SIIMA Awards]]
| Special Appreciation Award
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinokino.com/2012/06/2012-south-indian-international-movie.html|title=SIIMA Awards 2012 Results|date=24 June 2012}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| 2013
|rowspan=2|''[[Kalpana (2012 film)|Kalpana]]''
| [[Udaya Film Awards]]
| Best Male Actor
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2013/udaya-film-awards-pics-upendra-radhika-winners-list-104563.html|title=Udaya film Awards 2013 Results|access-date=31 March 2014|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021035309/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2013/udaya-film-awards-pics-upendra-radhika-winners-list-104563.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Suvarna Film Awards]]
| Best Male Actor
| {{nom}}
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Katariveera Surasundarangi]]''
|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2nd SIIMA Award]]
|Critics Award for Best Actor
|{{won}}
|<ref name="SIIMA Awards 2012">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Shivarajkumar-is-Best-Actor-Priya-Mani-Best-Actress-at-SIIMA/articleshow/22573778.cms|title=Shivarajkumar is Best Actor; Priya Mani Best Actress at SIIMA|work=The Times of India |date=14 September 2013|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Godfather (2012 film)|Godfather]]''
|Bangalore Times Film Awards
| Best Male Actor in a Negative Role
| {{nom}}
|{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
|-
|2014
|''[[Topiwala]]''
|[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|3rd SIIMA Awards]]
|Best Actor
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="SIIMA Awards 2012"/>
|-
|2016
|''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]''
|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|5th SIIMA Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=SIIMA 2016 Telugu movie nominations revealed; 'Baahubali,' 'Srimanthudu' lead the list5|website=[[International Business Times]]|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2016-telugu-movie-nominations-revealed-baahubali-srimanthudu-lead-list-680040|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526120833/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2016-telugu-movie-nominations-revealed-baahubali-srimanthudu-lead-list-680040|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2016
|rowspan=3|''[[Uppi 2]]''
|rowspan=3|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|5th SIIMA Awards]]
|Best Film
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=3|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siima.in/2016/winners.html|title=5th SIIMA WINNERS LIST|access-date=24 June 2020|archive-date=14 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714054004/http://siima.in/2016/winners.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Best Director
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Actor
|{{nom}}
|-
|2025
|''[[UI (film)|UI]]''
|[[13th South Indian International Movie Awards|13th SIIMA Awards]]
|Best Director
|{{won}}
|}

; Other honours
* 2015 Honorary Doctorate from [[Angkor University]]

== See also ==
*[[List of actor-politicians]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJi7qi0fi98vO852usDIcJg Upendra at Youtube]
* {{IMDb name|1962192}}

{{Upendra}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Director - Kannada}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:People from Udupi district]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Kannada screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Kannada-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Singers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:1967 births]]

Rathwa people

2026-03-01T10:01:40Z

Bhupendra: Put up a post first draft...

{{Short description|Indian caste and ethnic group}}
{{for|the village in Gujarat|Devgadh Baria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Rathava
| image = Rathva Men Women Community Gujrat (2).jpg
| image_caption = Sculpture of Rathva men women, Gujrat
| region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| pop1 = 9200{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
| region2 = {{flag|India}}
| pop2 = 643,381<ref name=Census2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|accessdate=2017-03-24|work=Census of India 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India]]}}</ref>
| region3 = {{spaces|14}}[[Gujarat]]
| pop3 = 642,348<ref name=Census2011 />
| region4 = {{spaces|14}}[[Madhya Pradesh]]
| pop4 = 500<ref name=Census2011 />
| region5 = {{spaces|14}}[[Maharashtra]]
| pop5 = 488<ref name=Census2011 />
| region6 = {{spaces|14}}[[Karnataka]]
| pop6 = 45<ref name=Census2011 />
| languages = [[Rathwi Bareli language|Rathwi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| religions = [[Hinduism]]
|related_groups = Other [[Koli people|Kolis]] and [[Bhil]]s

}}

The '''Rathva'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kanitkar |first1=Helen A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fig6r-cktgC&dq=Rathva+Koli&pg=PA146 |title=1965-1969 |last2=Fürer-Haimendorf |first2=Elizabeth |date=2012-05-07 |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |isbn=978-3-11-080704-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Rathwa'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Trivedi |first=Harshad R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXh-ohgvf2UC&dq=Rathva+Koli&pg=PA358 |title=Tribal Land Systems: Land Reform Measures and Development of Tribals |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7022-454-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=358 |language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Rathava'''<ref name=":0" /> and '''Rathawa''') is a subgroup of the [[Koli people]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haekel |first=Josef |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cMuvgAACAAJ&q=Rathva+Koli |title="Eine" Besessenheits-Séance der Rathva-Koli in Gujarat (Indien) |publisher=Böhlau |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Rathva+Kolis&pg=PT443 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> Rathava Kolis were [[agriculturist]] by profession and turbulent by habits<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tilche |first=Alice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CM5gEAAAQBAJ&q=Rathva+Kolis |title=Adivasi Art and Activism: Curation in a Nationalist Age |date=2022-02-19 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-74972-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=56 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Janaki |first=Vengalil A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqo8AAAAMAAJ |title=Vanadha-Chalamli: A Study in Rural Dynamics (with a Note on Ancient Village Patterns in India) |publisher=M.S. [[University of Baroda]]; copies can be had from the University Publications Sales Unit |year=1971 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=150: The Rathva Kolis were owners of land before the Patidar but later their lands were passed to Patidar politically |language=en}}</ref> but now lives like [[Adivasi]]s such as [[Bhil]] because of their neighborhood<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EEgcAAAAMAAJ |title=Making Peace: One Woman's Journey Around the World |publisher=Friendship Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-377-00200-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=80 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Their communal belief is that they came to the Gujarat area in the [[Middle Ages]] from what is now known as [[Madhya Pradesh]]. According to the [[Government of Gujarat]], they are now found in the [[talukas]] of [[Chhota Udaipur]], Jabugam and [[Nasvadi]] in [[Vadodara district]] and the Baria, [[Halol]] and [[Kalol (Panchmahal)|Kalol]] talukas of [[Panchmahal district]].<ref name="trti"/>{{efn|Vadodara district was split in 2013, with the creation of [[Chhota Udaipur district]] from its eastern aspect. The last census was [[2011 Census of India|that of 2011]], meaning that up-to-date population figures for what are now two districts were not available as of 2017.<ref name="alles31">{{cite book |chapter=Hints of Ontology in Eastern Gujarat: Structures of Space in Rathva Cultural Practices |first=Gregory D. |last=Alles |page=31 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-g7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |title=Marginalised and Endangered Worldviews: Comparative Studies on Contemporary Eurasia, India and South America |editor1-first=Lidia |editor1-last=Guzy |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Kapaló |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-64390-644-1}}</ref>}}

Although sometimes referred to as the Rathwa Koli, and sometimes self-identifying as such,<ref name="trivedi">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXh-ohgvf2UC&pg=PA358|title=Tribal Land Systems: Land Reform Measures and Development of Tribals|last=Trivedi|first=Harshad R.|date=1993|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-8-17022-454-9|page=358}}</ref> they are treated as inferior by the [[Koli people]].<ref name="trti">{{cite web |url=http://trti.gujarat.gov.in/rathwa |title=Brief Details of Rathwa |publisher=Tribal Research & Training Institute, Government of Gujarat |accessdate=2019-06-02}}</ref> Some sources say that they are in fact descended from migrant [[Bhil people]], although [[Shereen Ratnagar]] noted that those Rathwa to whom she spoke during her anthropological studies rejected that association and that labels such as ''Koli'' and ''Bhil'' were historically imposed upon communities by administrative outsiders as catch-all terms.<ref name="trivedi"/><ref name="ratnagar11">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcTz54VVHF4C&pg=PA11|title=Being Tribal |page=11 |first=Shereen |last=Ratnagar |authorlink=Shereen Ratnagar |publisher=Primus Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-9-38060-702-3}}</ref>{{efn|Sources from the medieval period suggest that the term ''koli'' was applied generically to lawless people, whilst British colonial studies considered it to be a vague collective noun for varied communities whose sole common feature was that they were inferior to the [[Kunbi]]s. At some stage, ''koli'' became accepted as a [[Caste system in India|caste]] and thus superior to the tribal Bhils.<ref name="ratnagar11"/>}} Bhils and Kolis historically co-existed in the hills of what is now Gujarat, which sociologist [[Arvind Shah]] says has led to confusion of the two groups, not helped by there being "hardly any modern, systematic, anthropological, sociological or historical study" of the Kolis.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168 |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |last=Shah |first=Arvind M. |authorlink=Arvind Shah |year=2012 |page=168 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-13619-770-3}}</ref> The Rathwa themselves were barely studied until a seminal paper produced by R. B. Lal in 1970, in part because they lived as niche communities in steep, densely forested, relatively inaccessible areas.<ref name="vidyarthi">{{cite book |title=Rise of Anthropology in India: A Social Science Orientation |volume=1 |first=Lalita Prasad |last=Vidyarthi |authorlink=L. P. Vidyarthi |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1978 |page=270 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3TqmBoQnf4C&pg=PA270}}</ref>
[[File:Rathwa Tribal Dance Gujarat.jpg|thumb|Rathwa Tribal Dance]]
[[File:Kavant Fair 90.jpg|thumb|Rathwa man with face painted in Kavant fair in 2018, [[Gujarat]], India.]]

==Gallery ==
<gallery>
Flute Rathava Community Gujrat.jpg
Teer-Kamaan Rathava Community Clothing Gujrat.jpg
Beadwork Rathava Community Gujrat (2).jpg
Rathava Community Clothing Gujrat (2).jpg
Dhak Instrument Rathava Community Gujrat (2).jpg
Dhak Instrument Rathava Community Gujrat (1).jpg
Rathava Men Women Community Gujrat.jpg
</gallery>

=== Painting ===
<gallery>
Pithora Painting1.JPG|Pithora Painting on Canvas
Pithora painting3.JPG|Pithora painting
</gallery>

==Present circumstances==
Rathwa culture is at its most pure in the remote hilly areas of Chhota Udaipur, where most are concentrated, and becomes more diluted elsewhere.<ref name="alles"/> They speak the [[Rathwi Bareli language|Rathwi language]] among themselves and mostly the [[Gujarati language]] when communicating with outsiders, although [[Hindi language|Hindi]] is also used.<ref name="trti"/> Their literacy rates are low, being around 35 per cent at the time of the [[2001 Census of India]] and under 30 per cent in outlying areas.<ref name="alles">{{cite journal |title=Tribal Chic: Crossing Borders in Eastern Gujarat |first=Gregory D. |last=Alles |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=80 |issue=3 |date=September 2012 |pages=623–658 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfs016 |jstor=23250719}}</ref> However, these rates should improve because the community now recognises the need for education and there is an improved school system for their villages.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Hints of Ontology in Eastern Gujarat: Structures of Space in Rathva Cultural Practices |first=Gregory D. |last=Alles |page=32 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-g7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |title=Marginalised and Endangered Worldviews: Comparative Studies on Contemporary Eurasia, India and South America |editor1-first=Lidia |editor1-last=Guzy |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Kapaló |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-64390-644-1}}</ref>

The Rathwas are culturally indistinguishable - even by themselves - from the [[Dhanka|Dhanak]] and [[Naikda]] tribes of the area, having similar dress, similar celebrations of life events such as birth, marriage and death, similar religious beliefs, songs and dance. Like the Dhanka and Naikda, they are [[endogamy|endogamous]] and this lack of inter-community marriage is the one thing that clearly separates them from each other.<ref name="ratnagar13"/> Lal recorded the community as practising a [[patrilineality|patrilinea]]l system of inheritance and subsisting mainly through agriculture, supplemented by food gathering, fishing and hunting.<ref name="lal">{{cite journal |title=The Rathawas of Chota-Udaipur: A Short Ethnographic Note |first=R. B. |last=Lal |journal=Journal of Social Research |volume=XIII |issue=2 |pages=119–126 |year=1970}}</ref> They have a number of [[exogamy|exogamous]] clans, including the Hamania, Thebaria, Mahania, Kothari Baka and Fadia.<ref name="trti"/> Lal recorded around 32 [[sept]]s.<ref name="lal"/>

[[File:Pithora wall painting.JPG|thumb|A pithora wall painting]]

As with other tribes of the region, [[ancestor worship]] is common among the Rathwas. They believe in an omnipresent deity called Babo Pithora or Baba Deb, who is depicted with other scenes of everyday life in religious paintings on the walls of their houses.<ref name="trti"/><ref name="parikh"/> Gregory Alles believes that these artworks are akin to [[Cosmography|cosmographs]]. merging aspects of real life with an imaginary world.<ref name="alles"/> They appeal to the deity in times of need and create the painting - called a [[Pithora (painting)|pithora]] - as a thanks for resolution of those needs.<ref name="parikh"/> Pithora ritual art, described by Ratnagar as "vibrant colours ... teeming with gods, people, plants, birds and animals", is unique to the Rathwa and significant in its appeal to tourists; aside from practising it in their own houses, the Rathwa also paint pithora in the houses of Dhanak and Naikda people.<ref name="ratnagar13">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcTz54VVHF4C&pg=PA13|title=Being Tribal |page=13 |first=Shereen |last=Ratnagar |authorlink=Shereen Ratnagar |publisher=Primus Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-9-38060-702-3}}</ref>

Horses have a particularly prominent role in worship as Babo Pithora is thought to ride one. Not only do the animals feature in the pithora paintings but clay models of them, sourced from [[Kumbhar]] potters, are also offered in thanks at temples. No member of a family is permitted to sit with their back facing the pithora in the house.<ref name="trti"/><ref name="parikh">{{cite journal |title=Pithora: Survey of a Living Socio-Cultural Tradition in Gujarat |first=Vibhuti P. |last=Parikh |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=63 |year=2002 |pages=203–208 |jstor=44158089}}</ref> Aside from worship of ancestors, nature and tribal deities, Lal noted some aspects of Hinduism integrated into their belief systems;<ref name="lal"/> the number professing solely Hindu beliefs has been increasing under the influence of [[sampradaya]]s.<ref name="alles31"/> Although Gujarat is a [[Alcohol prohibition in India|"dry" state]], the Rathwas also traditionally consider alcohol to be a gift from god that alleviates temporal sorrows while awaiting death, and will travel to smuggle it from neighbouring states or brew it in their own homes.<ref name="alles"/><ref>{{cite book |chapter=Opening the Beer Gates: How Liberalization Caused Growth in India's Beer Market |first1=Abhimanyu |last1=Arora |first2=Anjor |last2=Bhaskar |first3=Bart |last3=Minten |first4=Anneleen |last4=Vandeplas |title=The Economics of Beer |editor-first=Johan F. M. |editor-last=Swinnen |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19150-501-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eB6KRnib_m0C&pg=PR4-IA2}}</ref>

Government agencies have struggled to define the Rathwa, whom Ratnagar says were not separately recorded from the Kolis until the census of 1971.<ref name="trivedi"/><ref name="ratnagar11"/> However, Lal's paper notes population figures from 1961, which was also a census year.<ref name="vidyarthi"/> The community is classified as a [[Scheduled Tribe]] in three states under [[Reservation in India|India's system of positive discrimination]], those being Gujarat, [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=Census2011/>

== Notable people ==
* [[Amarsinh Rathawa]] (1977–1989) [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]], Lok Sabha
* [[Mohansinh Chhotubhai Rathava]] an Indian politician<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |title=Gujarat (GJ) Mohansinh Chhotubhai Rathava: Mohansinh Chhotubhai Rathava Latest News in Hindi, Profile Information, Photos, Videos |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/candidates/mohansinh-chhotubhai-rathava-chhota-udaipur-191091 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Elections 2017 Constituencies & Candidate List, Gujarat Election Constituencies Names |url=https://indianexpress.com/section/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-constituencies-list-2017/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Koli people]]
* [[List of Koli states and clans]]

=== Associated Groups ===
* [[Baria caste|Baria]]
* [[Koli people|Koli]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1SF_LmNxL3EC&dq=Rathva+Koli&pg=PA193 Social Contexts of Tribal Education by Vimal P. Shah and Tara Patel, 1985]

{{Social groups of Gujarat}}

{{Gotras of Kolis}}{{Social groups of Gujarat}}

[[Category:Agricultural castes]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language surnames]]
[[Category:Indian feudalism]]
[[Category:Koli subcastes]]
[[Category:Occupational surnames]]
[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bhil clans]]

Aqsa Shaikh

2026-02-18T21:24:19Z

Bhupendra: put up...

{{Short description|Associate Indian professor and transgender rights activist}}
[[File:Aqsa Shaikh at Vax centres.jpg|thumb|Aqsa Shaikh at a COVID-19 vaccination centre at Jamia Hamdard]]
'''Aqsa Shaikh''' (born {{circa|1983}}) is a Professor of the Department of Community Medicine in Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, [[Jamia Hamdard]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Aqsa Shaikh |url=https://www.himsr.co.in/doctor-profile/dr-aqsa-shaikh/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (HIMSR) |language=en-US}}</ref> She is a [[transgender woman]] and a [[transgender rights activist]].

== Early life and background ==
Shaikh was born in [[Islampura]], southern [[Mumbai]], where societal norms and gender expectations were deeply entrenched. From a young age, her gender identity did not align with the expectations imposed upon her as someone [[assigned male at birth]]. She faced discouragement and bullying for exhibiting [[gender variant]] behaviour, such as applying [[mehendi]] and playing with girls.

In 2003, while pursuing her medical education at [[King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College]], Shaikh began looking up medical literature of the time to understand her [[gender identity]]. She did not feel comfortable with the term "[[gender identity disorder]]", but identified as a trans woman.<ref name="TIE">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Rinku |title='I was not sick; I just wanted to be a woman' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/independence-day-freedom-transgender-rights-aqsa-shaikh-8889117/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816013549/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/independence-day-freedom-transgender-rights-aqsa-shaikh-8889117/ |archive-date=16 August 2023}}</ref>

== Gender transition and advocacy ==
Wishing to live socially as a woman, Shaikh [[came out]] to her parents.<ref name="TIE" /> She sought medical and psychological support (including seeing a counsellor)<ref name="Thomas">{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Mini P |title=Meet Dr Aqsa Shaikh, the first transgender to head a Covid centre in India |url=https://www.theweek.in/health/more/2021/05/26/meet-dr-aqsa-shaikh-the-first-transgender-to-head-a-covid-centre-in-india.html |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |date=6 June 2021}}</ref> and underwent [[Transgender hormone therapy|hormone therapy]] and various [[Gender-affirming surgery|gender-affirming surgical procedures]], including [[breast augmentation]]. Throughout her [[Gender transition|transition]], Shaikh discussed her experiences with her students and patients.<ref name="TIE" />

She is an educator at [[Jamia Hamdard]], and has talked about her transition story in order to dismantle stigma and discrimination against transgender people in India, as well as encouraging greater visibility and recognition of [[transgender rights in India]] within society and religious communities.<ref name="TIE" />

In 2021, she became the first trans woman to head a [[COVID-19 vaccination]] centre in India.<ref name="Thomas" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Dr. Aqsa Shaikh - The Transgender Doctor Fighting Ignorance With Empathy |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/dr-aqsa-shaikh-the-transgender-doctor-fighting-ignorance-with-empathy-videos-218006 |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=22 August 2022}}</ref> Shaikh, along with doctors [[Satendra Singh (doctor)|Satendra Singh]] and Sanjay Sharma, successfully petitioned the [[Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights]] to recommend that the [[Government of Delhi|Delhi government]] ban medically unnecessary [[Intersex medical interventions|medical interventions on intersex children]].<ref>{{Cite news | last=Menon |first=Priya|date=13 January 2021 |title=DCPCR recommends ban on sex assignment surgeries on intersex children in Delhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/dcpcr-recommends-ban-on-sex-assignment-surgeries-on-intersex-children-in-delhi/articleshow/80253025.cms |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite news |last1=Akhter |first1=Shahid |title=We need an entire ecosystem of transgender healthcare providers: Dr Aqsa Shaikh, Hamdard Institute Of Medical Sciences and Research|url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/we-need-an-entire-ecosystem-of-transgender-healthcare-providers-dr-aqsa-shaikh-hamdard-institute-of-medical-sciences-and-research/102254819 |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=[[The Economic Times|ET Healthworld]] |date=31 July 2023}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Medicine|India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaikh, Aqsa}}
[[Category:1980s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Indian transgender women]]
[[Category:LGBTQ medical doctors]]
[[Category:LGBTQ media personalities]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women medical doctors]]

Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party

2026-02-15T07:05:06Z

Bhupendra: fix citations after review for accuracy

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
|abbreviation = SBSP
|logo =
|colorcode = {{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}
|leader = [[Om Prakash Rajbhar]]
|ppchairman =
|loksabha_leader =
|rajyasabha_leader =
|foundation = {{Start date and age|2002|10|27}}
|founder =
|headquarters =
|eci = Registered Unrecognized Party
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] (2017{{endash}}2019, 2023{{endash}}present), [[Grand Democratic Secular Front|GDSF]] (2020) ([[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]), [[Samajwadi Party|SP+]] (2021{{endash}}2022)
|state_seats_name = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|5|403|hex={{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}}}
|ideology =
|position =
|publication =
|youth =
|students =
|women =
|labour =
|peasants =
|website = {{URL|http://www.sbsp.in/}}
|symbol =
|flag =
|colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}}} [[Yellow]]
|state1_seats_name=|state1_seats=|state2_seats_name=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad]]|state2_seats={{Composition bar|1|100|hex={{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}}}}}

'''Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj''' '''Party''' is an Indian [[political party]] founded in 2002.<ref name="a">''Hindustan Times''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162414/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajbhar-a-new-dalit-force-in-eastern-up/article1-219771.aspx Rajbhar: a new dalit force in eastern UP]''</ref> The party is led by [[Om Prakash Rajbhar]], Cabinet Minister in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="a"/><ref name="b">''Times of India''. ''[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ex-BSP-leaders-join-hands-ahead-of-LS-polls/articleshow/4244053.cms Ex-BSP leaders join hands ahead of LS polls]''</ref> The party has its headquarters in Rasra, [[Ballia district]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=15 June 2014|location=India|year=2013}}</ref> The party has a yellow flag.<ref name="a"/>

==Profile==
SBSP is based primarily based in eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and draws its support from the Rajbhar community. The party calls for the inclusion of the Rajbhar community in the list of [[Scheduled Tribes]]. However, it also favours the setting up of reservation quotas on socio-economic grounds.<ref name="a"/>
==Electoral performance==

===Lok Sabha elections===

{| class=wikitable
|+Indian General Elections (Uttar Pradesh)
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Election Year
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Election
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Alliance
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Party
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Contested Seat
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |seat Won
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Seats-/+
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Total Votes
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Votes %
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Votes % -/+
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Indian General Election 2004'''''
|+
|2004
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|rowspan=6 ="{{party color|Ekta Manch('Unity Platform')}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|None
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|14
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|2,75,267
|0.07%
|{{new}}
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Indian General Election 2009'''''
|+
|2009
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[Adhikar Manch ('Rights Platform')|Adhikar Manch]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|20
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|3,19,307
|0.12%
|{{new}}
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Indian General Election 2014'''''
|+
|2014
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|rowspan=6 ="{{party color|Ekta Manch('Unity Platform')}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[Ekta Manch('Unity Platform')|Ekta Manch]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|13
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|1,18,947
|0.15%
|{{new}}
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Indian General Election 2019'''''
|+
|2019
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|BJP
|1
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|2,77,260
|0.30%
|{{new}}
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Indian General Election 2024'''''
|+
|2024
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|1
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|3,40,188
|0.38%
|{{new}}
|}

===Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections===

{| class=wikitable
|+Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Election Year
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Election
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Alliance
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Party
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Contested Seat
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |seat Won
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Seats-/+
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Total Votes
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Votes %
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Votes in % -/+
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2007'''''
|+
|2007
|[[2007 Vidhan sabha Election |14th Assembly]]
|rowspan=6 ="{{party color|None}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|None
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|97
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|491,347
|0.94%
|{{new}}
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2012'''''
|+
|2012
|[[2012 Vidhan sabha election |15th Assembly]]
|rowspan=6 ="{{party color|None}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|None
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|52
|{{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|0
|477,330
|0.63%
|{{new}}
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2017'''''
|+
|2017
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Vidhan sabha |16th Assembly]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|8
|{{Composition bar|4|543|hex=#FFD700}}
|{{increase}}4
|6,07,911
|0.70%
|{{increase}} 0.07%
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2022'''''
|+
|2022
|[[2022 Vishan Sabha Election |18th Assembly]]
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{Party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Samajwadi Party|SP+]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|8
|{{Composition bar|6|403|hex=#FFD700}}
|{{increase}}2
|12,52,925
|1.36%
|{{increase}} 0.66%
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections 2027'''''
|+
|2027
|[[2027 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections |19th Assembly]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|TBD
|{{Composition bar|0|403|hex=#FFD700}}
|
|
|
|
|}

== Uttar Pradesh Assembly in member of SBSP ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+List of Members of Assembly of Uttar Pradesh
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | SL.No.
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Member Name
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Alliance
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Party
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Constituency
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Portrait
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Assumed office
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Left office
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Time in office
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Chief Minister
|-
! Colspan="11"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2017'''''
|+
!1
|'''''[[Om Prakash Rajbhar]]'''''(MLA)
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|NDA
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|Zahoorabad
|[[File:Om Prakash Rajbhar.jpg|100px]]
|19-March-2017
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2017|03|19|2022|03|19}}
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|YOGI ADITYANATH
|-
! 2
|'''''[[Ramanand Baudh]]'''''(MLA)
|Ramkola
|
|19-March-2017
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2017|03|19|2022|03|19}}
|-
| 3
|'''''[[Triveni Ram]]'''''(MLA)
|Jakhanian
|
|19-March-2017
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2017|03|19|2022|03|19}}
|-
|4
|'''''[[Kailash Nath Sonkar]]'''''(MLA)
|Ajagara
|
|19-March-2017
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2017|03|19|2022|03|19}}
|-
! Colspan="20"|'''''Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2022'''''
|+
!1
|'''''[[Om Prakash Rajbhar]]'''''(MLA)
|rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{Party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |SP+
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|Zahoorabad
|[[File:Om Prakash Rajbhar.jpg|100px]]
|19-March-2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2022|03|19}}
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|YOGI ADITYANATH
|-
|2
|'''''[[Dudhram]]'''''(MLA)
|Mahadewa(SC)
|
|19-March-2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2022|03|19}}
|-
|3
|'''''[[Hansu Ram]]'''''(MLA)
|Belthara Road
|
|19-March-2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2022|03|19}}
|-
|4
|'''''[[Abbas Ansari]]'''''(MLA)
|Mau
|
|10-March-2022
|''No Incumbent'' 01 Jun 2025
|{{age in years and days|2022|03|19|2025|03|01}}
|-
|5
|'''''[[Jagdish Narayan (politician)|Jagadish Narayan]]'''''(MLA)
|Zafrabad
|
|19-March-2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2022|03|19}}
|-
|6
|'''''[[Triveni Ram]]'''''(MLA)
|Jakhanian
|
|19-March-2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2022|03|19}}
|}

== List of Members of Legislative Council of Uttar Pradesh ==
{| class=wikitable
|+Uttar Pradesh Legislative council Election 2024
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | SL.No.
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Portrait
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Member Name
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Alliance
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" | Party
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Assumed Office
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Left Office
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Time in Office
!style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black" |Chief Minister
|-
!1
|
|'''''[[Vichhelal Rajbhar]]'''''(MLC)
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|NDA
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}"|SBSP
|06-May-2024
|Incumbent
||{{age in years and days|2024|05|06}}
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|YOGI ADITYANATH
|}

== Electoral history ==
=== Indian general election, 2004 ===
SBSP fielded 14 candidates in the [[2004 Indian general election]], one in [[Bihar]] and the rest in Uttar Pradesh. Together they obtained 275,267 votes (0.07% of the nationwide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2004 TO THE 14th LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)]''</ref>

=== Bihar assembly elections, 2005 ===
The party contested the [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] with three candidates. Together they obtained 13,655 votes (0.06% of the statewide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2005/StatisticalReports_BH_2005.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2005 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BIHAR]''</ref> SBSP fielded two candidates in the subsequent [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|October 2005 Legislative Assembly election in Bihar]]. Together they obtained 11,037 votes (0.05% of the statewide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_Oct2005/StatisticalReports_BH_2005.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2005 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BIHAR]''</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh assembly election, 2007 ===
The party contested 97 candidates in the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. All but three candidates forfeited their deposits. It obtained a total of 491,347 votes (0.94% of the statewide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2007 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH]''</ref>

=== Indian general election, 2009 ===
Ahead of the [[2009 Indian general election]] SBSP joined the [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]-led coalition Adhikar Manch ('Rights Platform'), an alliance of BSP splinter groups.<ref name="b"/> SBSP fielded twenty candidates, who together obtained 319,307 votes, though all forfeited their [[electoral deposit|deposits]].<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf 14 – PERFORMANCE OF REGISTERED (UNRECOGNISED) PARTIES]''</ref>

=== Bihar assembly election, 2010 ===
The party fielded six candidates in the [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]. Together they obtained 15,437 votes (0.05% of the statewide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2010 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BIHAR]''</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh assembly election, 2012 ===
The party ran 52 candidates in the [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. All but four candidates forfeited their deposits. In total the party obtained 477,330 votes (0.63% of the statewide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH]''</ref>

=== Indian general election, 2014 ===
SBSP fielded 13 candidates in the [[2014 Indian general election]], whom together mustered 118,947 votes (0.02% of the nationwide vote).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/Party_Contested_GE_2014.xlsx Partywise performance and List of Party participated]''</ref> Ahead of the election SBSP took part in forming the [[Ekta Manch]] ('Unity Platform'), a coalition of smaller parties in Uttar Pradesh. Om Prakash Rajbhar served as convenor of the coalition.<ref>''India Today''. ''[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/in-up-akhilesh-leads-the-way-with-aap-effect-176337-2014-01-09 In UP, Akhilesh leads the way with AAP effect]''</ref>

=== Bihar assembly election, 2015 ===
In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], SBSP contested in only 2 seats but could not win any of them. though Azad Paswan a candidate came in 3rd in polls.<ref>''news18''. ''[https://hindi.news18.com/assembly-election-2020/bihar-chunav/ajad-paswan-s04a202c07-suheldev-bharatiya-samaj-party-profile/ Azad Paswan]''</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh assembly election, 2017 ===
In the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], and working in alliance with BJP, SBSP contested eight seats in UP. It won five seats, with party leader Om Prakash Rajbhar becoming a minister in UP government.<ref>''news18''. ''[https://www.news18.com/news/politics/after-bihar-lesson-bigger-parties-eye-alliance-with-smaller-outfits-to-take-on-bjp-in-2022-up-polls-3107564.html After Bihar Lesson, Bigger Parties Eye Alliance with Smaller Outfits to Take on BJP in 2022 UP Polls]''</ref>

=== Indian general election, 2019 ===
SBSP fielded 39 candidates in the [[2019 Indian general election]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] against BJP. This was in response to ally Bharatiya Janata Party’s proposal that SBSP contest on the saffron party’s lotus symbol from Ghosi in eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>''hindustantimes''. ''[https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-up-bjp-ally-sbsp-declares-candidates-against-pm-modi-rajnath-singh/story-Z4cn4qyuvgWz0R7EjmlJPL.htmlm, Lok Sabha elections 2019: UP BJP ally SBSP declares candidates against PM Modi, Rajnath Singh]''</ref>

=== Bihar assembly election, 2020 ===
In the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], SBSP contested in only five seats as part of [[Grand Democratic Secular Front]] that also included [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]], [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], [[Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic]], [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], and Janvadi Party (Socialist).

=== Uttar Pradesh assembly election, 2022 ===
In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], working in alliance with SP, SBSP contested in 17 seats in UP. They won six seats, with party leader Om Prakash Rajbhar in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>''news18''. ''[https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/om-prakash-rajbhar-zahoorabad-candidate-s24a377c06/ Om Prakash Rajbhar won from Zahoorabad constituency in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections]''</ref><ref>''UP Election 2022''. ''[https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/partywiseresult-S24.htm?st=S24 Om Prakash Rajbhar's Party won 6 seats in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections]''</ref>
=== Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council election, 2024 ===
In the 2024 election result [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] Gave One seat to SBSP out of 10 seats in the election SBSP fielded [[Vichhelal Rajbhar]] who won unopposed.

== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party| ]]
[[Category:Political parties in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Political parties in Bihar]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2002]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]][[Category:Member parties of the National Democratic Alliance]]

R. S. Lugani

2026-02-13T13:33:54Z

Bhupendra: expanded information per sources and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian educationist (1927–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
'''Ram Sarup Lugani''' (known as R.S.Lugani) (25 January 1927 – 22 May 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dpsrkp.net/a-heartfelt-farewell-to-shri-rs-lugani/|title=A Heartfelt farewell to Shri RS Lugani|work=Delhi Public School|access-date=2022-01-11}}</ref><ref>[http://bweducation.businessworld.in/article/RS-Lugani-Former-Headmaster-Passes-Away/23-05-2021-390614/ RS Lugani: Former Headmaster Passes Away]</ref> was an [[educationist]] who pioneered the [[Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About R.S.Lugani|url=http://www.dpsvv.com/aboutus_new.htm|publisher=DPS Vasant Vihar official website}}</ref>

==Early life==
Lugani has completed his education from Punjab and Agra University. Lugani has acquired teaching and administration experience from [[Manchester Grammar School]], UK. His father was a [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit teacher]].<ref>{{cite web|title=At 84, he makes every kid's dream come true|url=http://cityplus.jagran.com/city-news/at-84-he-makes-every-kid-s-dream-come-true_1308982609.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103071811/http://cityplus.jagran.com/city-news/at-84-he-makes-every-kid-s-dream-come-true_1308982609.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2014|publisher=Jagran Portal|date=25 June 2011}}</ref>

==Career==
Lugani was the first headmaster and principal of [[Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram]].<ref>{{cite web|title=From the principal's desk (Young World Section)|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/03/01/stories/2003030100940300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131024000320/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/03/01/stories/2003030100940300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 March 2003}}</ref>

==Award==
In 1992 he received the prestigious [[Padma Shri Award]] for Excellence in Literature & Education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Shri Awardees|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php?start=1000|publisher=Indian Government official website}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lugani, Ram Sarup}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:Teachers at Manchester Grammar School]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}
{{Educationist-stub}}

PK Arumugam

2026-02-09T06:01:51Z

Bhupendra: Put up new details more to come...

{{short description|Rubik's Cube speed solver}}
{{Autobiography|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = PK Arumugam
| image = Arumugam PK.jpg
| birth_date = 6 December 1999
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| years_active = 2013 – present
| alma_mater = Kendriya Vidyalaya IIT Chennai
| known_for = Rubik's Cube speed solving
}}

'''Arumugam PK or PK Arumugam''' (born 6 December 1999) is an accomplished Indian [[Speedcuber]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=PK Arumugam {{!}} World Cube Association|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/persons/2014ARUM01|access-date=2021-01-06|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org}}</ref> He is a three-time world record holder and the first person to solve more than 1000 Rubik's cubes while riding a bicycle.

He started SpeedCubing in June 2013 and found out about the [[World Cube Association]] (WCA) in December that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/persons/2014ARUM01|title=PK Arumugam {{!}} World Cube Association|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref> He learnt the [[CFOP method]] of solving the Rubik's Cube and took part in his first WCA competition, the Shaastra Cube Open in January 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shaastra Cube Open 2014 {{!}} World Cube Association|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/competitions/ShaastraCubeOpen2014|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org}}</ref> solving five cubes in an average time of 36.51 seconds, with his best single solve taking 27.78 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/competitions/ShaastraCubeOpen2014|title=Shaastra Cube Open 2014 {{!}} World Cube Association|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref>

In 2015 The Indian Nationals took place in Chennai for the first time<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Nationals 2015 {{!}} World Cube Association|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/competitions/IndianNationals2015|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org}}</ref> and this is where Arumugam met [[Bhargav Narasimhan]], a multiple national record holder and holder of the Guinness World Record for the fastest time to solve five Rubik's cubes one-handed.

== World Records ==
[[File:Guiness images.jpg|thumb|251x251px|Arumugam with his Guinness World Records]]
On 4 June 2017, after several months' practice, Arumugam set his first world record by solving 1,010 Rubik's Cubes while riding a bicycle<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reidbikes.com/news/most-insane-cycling-world-records/|title=Most Insane Cycling World Records|date=2019-06-19|website=Reid Bikes|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://silverbacklab.com/de/7-awesome-records-set-on-bikes/|title=7 Awesome records set on bikes|date=2019-09-18|website=Silverback Bikes|language=de|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bicycling.com/culture/g22713499/crazy-cycling-world-records/|title=Insane Cycling World Records That You Won't Believe|last=Andrew Daniels|date=2019-07-18|website=Bicycling|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://road.cc/content/news/224031-kid-smashes-guinness-world-record-solving-rubiks-cubes-while-cycling|title=Kid smashes Guinness World Record for solving Rubik's Cubes while cycling|date=2017-06-11|website=road.cc|language=en|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.worldrecordacademy.com/?url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.com/games/most_Rubiks_cubes_solved_on_a_bicycle_world_record_set_by_P_K_Arumugam_217188.html|title=Submit a world record|website=m.worldrecordacademy.com|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref> for 6 hours 7 minutes and 4 seconds without resting his legs on the floor, beating the former record of 751 Rubik's Cubes held by [[Shreevatsh Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shreevatsh Rajkumar {{!}} World Cube Association|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/persons/2015RAJK03|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bikeitalia.it/2017/06/12/un-ragazzo-indiano-ha-risolto-1000-cubi-di-rubik-pedalando/|title=Un ragazzo indiano ha risolto 1000 cubi di Rubik pedalando|date=2017-06-12|website=Bikeitalia.it|language=it-IT|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref>

On 5 May 2019 at Gopalan Innovation Mall in [[Bangalore]], Arumugam was a part of the team consisting of 293 people who created a portrait of a tiger, consisting of 1200 Rubik's Cubes in support of [[Tiger conservation#India|tiger conservation in India]]. This attempt was listed in [[Guinness World Records]] as most contributions to a Rubik's Cube [[mosaic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/rubik-s-cube-tiger-portrait-a-world-record-732389.html|title=Rubik's Cube tiger portrait a world record|date=2019-05-06|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref>

On 12 October 2019 Arumugam set his third Guinness World Record at [[Chennai Citi Centre]], Dr Radha Krishnan Salai by solving 2815 Rubik's Cubes one-handed in 24 hours, beating the former record of 2,176 held by [[Krishnam Raju Gadiraju]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishnam Raju Gadiraju {{!}} World Cube Association|url=https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/persons/2013GADI01|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.worldcubeassociation.org}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Citation|title=ஒற்றைக்கையால் அதிகபட்ச பஸில் புதிர் விளையாட்டுகளுக்கு தீர்வு|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tf4ChDyu0bY|language=en|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref>

== Other awards ==
On 25 June 2017 at VGP Chennai, he was awarded with Young Achiever's Record conducted by India events and sports.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Personal life ==
Arumugam PK was born on 6 December 1999 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He has an younger sister. He attended Sri Sankara Senior Secondary School in Adayar and graduated from [[KV IIT Chennai|Kendriya Vidyalaya IIT Chennai]] in 2017. He is currently studying electronic and instrumentation engineering at the [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srmist.edu.in/most-number-rubiks-cubes-solved-one-handed-24-hrs-guinness-world-record|title=Most Number of Rubik's Cubes Solved One Handed in 24 Hrs - A Guinness World Record|last=gayathri|date=2019-10-15|website=Welcome to SRM Institute of Science and Technology (formerly known as SRM University) – India’s Premier Educational Institution|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|title=Most Rubik's Cubes solved one-handed in 24 hours|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/115631-most-rubiks-cubes-solved-in-24-hours-one-handed/|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-12}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arumugam PK}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian speedcubers]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]

Farah, Mathura

2026-02-08T18:35:18Z

Bhupendra: starting some info first draft

{{Other uses|Farah (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Farah
| native_name = Pharah
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = MATA RANI.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Farah Devi Mata
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.33|N|77.77|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mathura district|Mathura]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 172
| population_total = 8199
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website = [http://www.npfarah.in www.npfarah.in]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Farah''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Mathura district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Education==
{{anchor|Sachdeva Institute of Technology, Farah MAthura}}
* [[Sachdeva Institute of Technology]]
* Hindustan College of Science and Technology

==Demographics==
As of the [[2001 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Farah had a population of 8,199. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Farah has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 41%. In Farah, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Climate==
Farah features a [[semiarid climate]] that borders on a [[humid subtropical climate]]. The town features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a [[monsoon]] season. However the monsoons, though substantial in Farah, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. This is a primary factor in Farah featuring a semiarid climate as opposed to a [[humid subtropical climate]].

{{Weather box
|location = Farah, India
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|temperature colour = pastel
|Jan high C = 22.3
|Feb high C = 25.5
|Mar high C = 31.9
|Apr high C = 37.9
|May high C = 41.7
|Jun high C = 40.7
|Jul high C = 35.3
|Aug high C = 33.2
|Sep high C = 34.0
|Oct high C = 34.0
|Nov high C = 29.2
|Dec high C = 23.9
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 7.7
|Feb low C = 10.3
|Mar low C = 15.4
|Apr low C = 21.5
|May low C = 26.5
|Jun low C = 28.9
|Jul low C = 26.8
|Aug low C = 25.7
|Sep low C = 24.3
|Oct low C = 19.1
|Nov low C = 12.5
|Dec low C = 8.2
|year low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.3
| Feb rain mm = 17.7
| Mar rain mm = 9.1
| Apr rain mm = 6.7
| May rain mm = 11.9
| Jun rain mm = 55.7
| Jul rain mm = 203.3
| Aug rain mm = 241.1
| Sep rain mm = 128.5
| Oct rain mm = 25.2
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
| Dec rain mm = 6.0
| year rain mm =
|Jan rain days= 1.9
|Feb rain days= 1.7
|Mar rain days= 1.7
|Apr rain days= 1.3
|May rain days= 2.3
|Jun rain days= 4.7
|Jul rain days= 13.8
|Aug rain days= 14.9
|Sep rain days= 7.7
|Oct rain days= 1.5
|Nov rain days= 0.8
|Dec rain days= 1.0
|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization.<ref name="WMO">[http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c01561.htm World Weather Information Service-Farah], World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 30 September 2012.</ref>
|date = December 2010}}

==Geography==
Farah is located at {{coord|27.33|N|77.77|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Farah.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Farah]</ref> It has an average elevation of 172 metres (564 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mathura district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Mathura district]]

{{Mathura-geo-stub}}

Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil

2026-02-07T21:15:17Z

Bhupendra: Put up basic entry more to come...

{{Short description|Indian musical television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil.png
| caption =
| genre =
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = Saurabh Tewari Pranjal Saxena Nishikant Ray Gautam Hegde Janki V Raghubir Shekhavat
| creative_director = {{ubl|Tanu Tiwary|Ketaki Walawalkar}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Pearl V Puri]]|[[Suyyash Rai]]|[[Asmita Sood]]}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| producer = Saurabh Tewari Sumeet Chaudhary Sudhanshu Tewari Deepak Gurnani
| company = Saurabh Tewari Films
| editor = Sudhir
| runtime = Approx. 23 minutes
| channel = {{ubl|[[Star Plus]] (29 June 2015 – 26 September 2015)|[[Hotstar]] (28 September 2015 – 18 November 2015)}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2015|06|29|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2015|11|18}}
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 122<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotstar.com/#!/phir-bhi-na-maane-badtameez-dil-4266-s|title=hotstar – Watch TV Shows, Movies & Live Cricket Matches Online|work=Star Plus|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135032/http://www.hotstar.com/#!/phir-bhi-na-maane-badtameez-dil-4266-s|url-status=live}}</ref>
| related =
}}

'''''Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil''''' ({{translation}} ''Still Not Agreeing... The Insolent Heart'') is an Indian musical romantic series which originally premiered on 29 June 2015 on [[Star Plus]] as a television program<ref>{{cite news|title=Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil: Show Launch|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Phir-Bhi-Na-Maane-Badtameez-Dil-Show-Launch/photostory/47704304.cms|last=Times News Network|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 June 2015|access-date=2 September 2015|archive-date=21 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621064503/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Phir-Bhi-Na-Maane-Badtameez-Dil-Show-Launch/photostory/47704304.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and ran through to 26 September 2015 before it moved to digital platform [[Hotstar]] from 28 September 2015 till 18 November 2015. The series stars [[Pearl V Puri]] and [[Asmita Sood]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pearl-and-Asmita-in-Lucknow/articleshow/47826720.cms|title=Pearl and Asmita in Lucknow|work=The Times of India|date=26 June 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=28 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628214622/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pearl-and-Asmita-in-Lucknow/articleshow/47826720.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==

The story revolves around Abeer Malhotra, a successful and charming rockstar, and Meher Purohit. During college, Abeer sets his eye on a simple, intellectual and pretty girl, Meher, and they subsequently get married at a young age and then get divorced. Eight years later, Meher returns in his life as the new CEO of the music channel he sings for. Abeer decides to tell their love story in the first season in retaliation when Meher changes the time slot of his show from 9pm to 11pm.

Their bitter hatred begins to dissolve as Abeer has to stay in Meher's house to hide from some goons. However, when Meher meets with an accident Abeer gets paranoid and stays by to nurse her for 2 weeks while she is unconscious. Meanwhile, there is a flashback to the past where it is revealed how they separated.

Meher was a working woman who wanted to support her aunt and mother financially. Abeer's ego was hurt since he felt he wasn't given importance just because he wasn't earning at the time. Side by side, Abeer's aunt and father added fuel to the fire because Meher's aunt was the eye witness for a crime that Abeer's uncle committed. He was jailed so they wanted to ruin Meher and Abeer's relationship for revenge.

The sequence returns to present and Meher is healed by Abeer's love. He proposes to her once again but she rejects the proposal and it is revealed to Abeer that Meher did not take the alimony from Abeer. So Abeer decides to leave his father's house.

Abeer sings for Meher and proposes to her once again in the office but she rejects him and tells Sahani that she is resigning from the job. While Abeer is trying to win Meher's love once again, Akshat, a new man in Meher's life is introduced. He stood by her for the 8 years when she was shattered and wants to marry her. Abeer tries to prove himself better than Akshat with the help of his friend Appendix and his fan Aliya.

Abeer challenges Meher that he will prove that Akshat is not a good man to marry. He sees Akshat with a child and tells Meher about it. Akshat proposes to Meher. Meher says she already knows that child, Ishaan, and lies that he is Akshat's son.

However it is revealed that Ishaan is Meher and Abeer's son. Meher gets engaged to Akshat. On the engagement day, it is revealed that Abeer and Ishaan both are allergic to kiwi, but in anger, they drink the kiwi fruit punch.

Abeer takes Ishaan to the hospital and gets admitted in the same room. Abeer's mother, Madhavi, notices similarities between Abeer and Ishaan and Meher is compelled to tell her the truth. Abeer is about to marry Sasha, but on getting to know the truth calls off the wedding.

In the last few episodes, Abeer and Akshat keep trying to impress Ishaan and woo Meher. Abeer also starts noticing similarities between Ishaan and him. He tries to make Ishaan more like him by teaching him to play guitar, making friends with girls etc.

One day, Ishaan is bullied by one of his schoolmates. Ishaan calls Akshat and tells him about it, but instead of supporting him, Akshat starts shouting at him and later tells him to complain about it to their teacher.

Ishaan is scared as the bully said that if he tells the teacher about it, he'll beat him up even more. Abeer encourages him and gives him confidence. This makes their friendship stronger. Abeer and Ishaan become good friends, making Akshat insecure. Akshat and Abeer start fighting for Ishaan. Ishaan then gives them a task where they each have to pull each of his hand. The one who lets go of the hand first will lose and whoever would be the winner loved him more.

Abeer notices that Ishaan's hand is hurting during the challenge so he lets go of his hand. Ishaan reveals that this was a trick to show Meher who loves him more. He asks her why Abeer loves him more as earlier he used to fight with him a lot. One day Akshat breaks Ishaan's guitar, gifted by Abeer, in anger. Upset, he goes to Abeer's home for sometime where he gets to know that Abeer is divorced.

Ishaan finds Abeer's wedding album in his wardrobe as he wants to find out why Abeer loves him more. He is shocked to know that Abeer and Meher were married and that Abeer is his father. Kuber reveals to Rati the whole truth behind Nisaar's sudden disappearance and repents his mistakes. Rati forgives him. Ishaan on learning the whole truth requests Meher to forgive Abeer.

Enraged, Akshat fights with Abeer and ultimately conveys to Meher that she still loves Abeer and leaves. Devki is also convinced by Suman and Ishaan. Suman and Devki approve Abeer and Meher's alliance. Meher agrees and the show ends on a happy note.

==Cast==
* [[Pearl V Puri]] as Abeer Malhotra:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/pearl-v-puri-wants-to-pay-tribute-to-r-d-burman/|title=Pearl V Puri wants to pay tribute to R.D. Burman|date=29 July 2015|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=23 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023114123/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/pearl-v-puri-wants-to-pay-tribute-to-r-d-burman/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/tv/shy-guy-meets-sassy-girl-544|title=Shy guy meets sassy girl|work=The Asian Age|access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811010245/http://www.asianage.com/tv/shy-guy-meets-sassy-girl-544|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pearl-Puri-My-father-wants-me-to-join-family-business/articleshow/47800957.cms|title=Pearl Puri: My father wants me to join family business|work=The Times of India|date=25 June 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=28 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628044635/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pearl-Puri-My-father-wants-me-to-join-family-business/articleshow/47800957.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Meher's husband, Kuber and Madhavi's son and Ishaan's father.
* [[Asmita Sood]] as Meher Abeer Malhotra(née Purohit):<ref>{{cite news|title=Asmita Sood to play the lead in 'Phir Bhi Na Maane... Badtameez Dil'|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Telugu-actress-Asmita-prefers-TV-over-Bollywood-now/articleshow/47555935.cms|access-date=30 June 2015|publisher=Times of India|archive-date=17 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617190218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Telugu-actress-Asmita-prefers-TV-over-Bollywood-now/articleshow/47555935.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Asmita Sood to foray in Hindi TV serials|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Asmita-Sood-to-foray-in-Hindi-TV-serials/articleshow/47628566.cms|access-date=30 June 2015|publisher=Times of India|archive-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616183536/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Asmita-Sood-to-foray-in-Hindi-TV-serials/articleshow/47628566.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asmita-Sood-doesnt-have-to-hide-her-tattoo-on-screen/articleshow/47880610.cms|title=Asmita Sood doesn't have to hide her tattoo on screen|work=The Times of India|date=2 July 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703141503/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asmita-Sood-doesnt-have-to-hide-her-tattoo-on-screen/articleshow/47880610.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Abeer's wife, Suman and Shyam's daughter, Devki's niece, Tarun's elder sister and Ishaan's mother.
* [[Suyyash Rai]] as Nissar Malik:<ref>{{cite news|title=Suyyash Rai will play a singer in Phir Bhi Na Maane Badtameez Dil|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Suyyash-Rai-will-play-a-singer-in-Phir-Bhi-Na-Maane-Badtameez-Dil/articleshow/47624292.cms|access-date=30 June 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=11 June 2015|archive-date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614030120/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Suyyash-Rai-will-play-a-singer-in-Phir-Bhi-Na-Maane-Badtameez-Dil/articleshow/47624292.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Suyyash-Rai-Id-rather-sing-for-myself-than-another-actor/articleshow/47973415.cms|title=Suyyash Rai: I'd rather sing for myself than another actor|work=The Times of India|date=8 July 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023205025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Suyyash-Rai-Id-rather-sing-for-myself-than-another-actor/articleshow/47973415.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Suyyash-Rai-follows-in-Salman-Khans-footsteps/articleshow/48123618.cms|title=Suyyash Rai follows in Salman Khan's footsteps|work=The Times of India|access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723022845/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Suyyash-Rai-follows-in-Salman-Khans-footsteps/articleshow/48123618.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Abeer and Meher's friend
* [[Payal Nair]] as Devki Purohit:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-celebs-and-their-BFFs/photostory/48654532.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827045133/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-celebs-and-their-BFFs/photostory/48654532.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-08-27|title=TV celebs and their BFFs|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Meher's Aunt
* Charusheela Vachhani as Abeer's Taiji<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rubina-Dilaik-Jennifer-Winget-Vivian-DSena-Actors-who-are-making-a-comeback-on-TV/photostory/46690004.cms|title=Rubina Dilaik, Jennifer Winget, Vivian D'Sena: Actors who are making a comeback on TV|date=7 August 2015|website=The Times of India|access-date=23 October 2021|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915163411/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rubina-Dilaik-Jennifer-Winget-Vivian-DSena-Actors-who-are-making-a-comeback-on-TV/photostory/46690004.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] as Kuber Malhotra:<ref>{{cite news|title=Ayub Khan as business tycoon in Saurabh Tewary's show|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ayub-Khan-as-business-tycoon-in-Saurabh-Tewarys-show/articleshow/46851154.cms|access-date=30 June 2015|publisher=Times of India|archive-date=12 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412160417/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ayub-Khan-as-business-tycoon-in-Saurabh-Tewarys-show/articleshow/46851154.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Lakes-are-the-biggest-assets-of-Bhopal-Ayub-Khan/articleshow/48204662.cms|title=Lakes are the biggest assets of Bhopal: Ayub Khan|work=The Times of India|date=25 July 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729205440/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Lakes-are-the-biggest-assets-of-Bhopal-Ayub-Khan/articleshow/48204662.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/small-screens-big-shot/|title=Reason why actor Ayub Khan prefers TV over films|date=20 July 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=1 September 2015|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907225348/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/small-screens-big-shot/|url-status=live}}</ref> Abeer's father and Ishaan's grandfather
* [[Anjali Mukhi]] as Mrs. Madhavi Kuber Malhotra:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anjali-Mukhi-opposite-Ayub-Khan-in-Saurabh-Tewaris-TV-show/articleshow/46969654.cms|title=Anjali Mukhi opposite Ayub Khan in Saurabh Tewari's TV show|work=The Times of India|date=18 April 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023205025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anjali-Mukhi-opposite-Ayub-Khan-in-Saurabh-Tewaris-TV-show/articleshow/46969654.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> Abeer's mother and Ishaan's grandmother
* [[Nivedita Joshi Saraf|Nivedita Saraf]] as Suman Purohit:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asmita-Sood-takes-diction-lessons-from-onscreen-mum/articleshow/48283954.cms|title=Asmita Sood takes diction lessons from onscreen mum|work=The Times of India|date=31 July 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=5 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805000421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asmita-Sood-takes-diction-lessons-from-onscreen-mum/articleshow/48283954.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Meher's mother and Ishaan's grandmother
* [[Roshni Sahota]] as Rati
* [[Vindhya Tiwari]] as Sasha : Meher, Nissar and Abeer's friend
* Krish Chauhan as Ishaan Malhotra: Meher and Abeer's son
* Shivamm Sengar as Tarun Purohit (Tunnu) : Meher's Brother
* Abhishek Sharma as Kenny
* Amit Dhawan
* Indresh Malik as Satish Sahni (Sattu sir):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Indresh-Malik-Vivian-Dsena-is-family-to-me/articleshow/48142326.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723071958/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Indresh-Malik-Vivian-Dsena-is-family-to-me/articleshow/48142326.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-07-23|title=Indresh Malik: Vivian D'sena is family to me|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vivian-dsena-is-family-to-me-tv-actor-indresh-malik/|title=Vivian Dsena is family to me: TV actor Indresh Malik|date=20 July 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723223420/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vivian-dsena-is-family-to-me-tv-actor-indresh-malik/|url-status=live}}</ref> Meher and Abeer's boss
* [[Ashlesha Sawant]] as Nishi Satish Sahni
* [[Rahul Kumar (actor)|Rahul Kumar]] as Tillu
*[[Parull Chaudhry|Parul Chaudhary]] as Lovelyn
* Santoshh Kumar as Madhusudhan
* [[Dibyendu Bhattacharya]] as Pinky Bhai:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestatesman.com/mobi/news/marquee/-theatre-s-my-first-love-will-always-be/85979.html|title='Theatre's my first love, will always be'|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|access-date=1 September 2015|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023205052/https://www.thestatesman.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> a don in season 2
* Arjun Singh as Akshat: Meher's best friend

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mere Nishaan
| extra1 = [[Darshan Raval]]
| length1 = 4:10
| title2 = Naram Naram
| extra2 = Darshan Raval
| length2 = 2:27
| title3 = Awargi
| extra3 = Darshan Raval
| length3 = 3:56
| title4 = Tere Nishaan (Mere Nishaan Sad/Background Music)
| extra4 = Darshan Raval
| length4 = 1:15
| title5 = Yaadein Teri (Jeene Ki Duaa)
| extra5 = [[Suyyash Rai]]
| length5 = 2:55
| title6 = Mere Nishaan (Rock Version)
| extra6 = Darshan Raval
| length6 = 3:06
| title7 = Mere Nishaan (Romantic Version)
| extra7 = Darshan Raval
| length7 = 3:06
| title8 = Neend Udi Thi
| extra8 = Darshan Raval
| length8 = 4:10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotstar.com/#!/watch-making-of-abeer-s-latest-hit--online-1000071458-m|title=Abeer's new hit song|work=[[hotstar]]|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135032/http://www.hotstar.com/#!/watch-making-of-abeer-s-latest-hit--online-1000071458-m|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Award
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Category
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Nominee
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Result
|-
| rowspan="5 |2016
| rowspan="5" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| ''Best Fresh New Face (Male)''
| [[Pearl V Puri]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hotstar.com/#!/phir-bhi-na-maane-badtameez-dil-4266-s Phir Bhi Na Maane Badtameez Dil] on [[hotstar]]
*{{MusicBrainz recording|id=7d269d03-e5d7-4330-a1be-c5467b135955}}
{{Star Plus Shows}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Indian musical television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]

Bulbul

2026-02-07T08:28:29Z

Bhupendra: brief added information after review and corrected details

{{Short description|Family of birds}}
{{other uses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Brown-eared Bulbul 1.jpg
| image_caption = [[Brown-eared bulbul]] (''Hypsipetes amaurotis'')
| taxon = Pycnonotidae
| authority = [[George Robert Gray|Gray, GR]], 1840
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = * Brachypodidae [[William Swainson|Swainson]], 1831
* Trichophoridae Swainson, 1831
* Ixosidae [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1838
* Hypsipetidae Bonaparte, 1854
* Crinigeridae Bonaparte, 1854 (1831)
* Phyllastrephidae [[Alphonse Milne-Edwards|Milne-Edwards]] & [[Alfred Grandidier|Grandidier]], 1879
* Tyladidae [[Harry C. Oberholser|Oberholser]], 1917
* Spizixidae Oberholser, 1919
}}
The '''bulbuls''' are members of a [[family (biology)|family]], '''Pycnonotidae''', of medium-sized [[perching bird|passerine]] [[songbird]]s, which also includes [[greenbul]]s, [[brownbul]]s, [[leaflove]]s, and [[bristlebill]]s. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical Asia to Indonesia, and north as far as Japan. A few insular species occur on the tropical islands of the Indian Ocean. There are 166 species in 32 [[genus|genera]]. While different species are found in a wide range of habitats, the African species are predominantly found in [[rainforest]], whereas Asian bulbuls are predominantly found in more open areas.

==Taxonomy==
The family Pycnonotidae was introduced by the English zoologist [[George Robert Gray]] in 1840 as a subfamily Pycnonotinae of the thrush family [[Turdidae]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=28 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668922 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | location=New York | pages=201, 237 | hdl=2246/830 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830 }}</ref>

The Persian word ''bulbul'' (بلبل) is sometimes used to refer to the "[[nightingale]]" as well as the bulbul, but the English word ''bulbul'' refers to the birds discussed in this article.{{sfn|Fishpool|Tobias|2005|pp=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0010unse/page/161/mode/1up 161–162]}}

A few species that were previously considered to be members of the Pycnonotidae have been moved to other families. Several Malagasy species that were formerly placed in the genus ''[[Phyllastrephus]]'' are now placed in the family [[Bernieridae]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Cibois | first1=Alice | last2=Slikas | first2=Beth | last3=Shulenberg | first3=Thomas S. | last4=Pasquet | first4=Eric | year=2001 | title=An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data | journal=Evolution | volume=55 | issue=6 | pages=1198–1206 | doi=10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1198:AEROMS]2.0.CO;2 | pmid=11475055 | doi-access= }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cibois | first1 = Alice | last2 = David | first2 = Normand | last3 = Gregory | first3 = Steven M. S. | last4 = Pasquet | first4 = Eric | year = 2010 | title = Bernieridae (Aves: Passeriformes): a family-group name for the Malagasy sylvioid radiation | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 2554 | pages = 65–68 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.2554.1.6 }}</ref> In addition, the genus ''[[Nicator]]'' containing three African species is now placed in a separate family [[Nicatoridae]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beresford |first1=P. |last2=Barker |first2=F.K. |last3=Ryan |first3=P.G. |last4=Crowe |first4=T.M. |year=2005 |title=African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas' |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=272 |issue=1565 |pages=849–858 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2004.2997 |pmid=15888418 |pmc=1599865 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Johansson | first1=U.S. | last2=Fjeldså | first2=J. | last3=Bowie | first3=R.C.K. | date=2008 | title=Phylogenetic relationships within Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes): A review and a new molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear intron markers | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=48 | issue=3 | pages=858–876 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.029| pmid=18619860 }}</ref>

A study published in 2007 by Ulf Johansson and colleagues using three nuclear markers found that the genus ''[[Andropadus]]'' was [[monophyletic|non-monophyletic]]. In the subsequent revision, species were moved to three resurrected genera: ''[[Arizelocichla]]'', ''[[Stelgidillas]]'' and ''[[Eurillas]]''. Only the [[sombre greenbul]] (''Andropadus importunus''), was retained in ''Andropadus''.<ref name=avilist/><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Johansson | first1=U.S. | last2=Fjeldså | first2=J. | last3=Lokugalappatti | first3=L.G.S. | last4=Bowie | first4=R.C.K. | date=2007 | title=A nuclear DNA phylogeny and proposed taxonomic revision of African greenbuls (Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae) | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=36 | issue=5 | pages=417–427 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00290.x| s2cid=84799480 }}</ref> A study by Subir Shakya and Frederick Shelden published in 2017 found that species in the large genus ''[[ Pycnonotus]]'' formed several deeply divergent clades. The genus was split and genera were resurrected to accommodate these clades.<ref name=avilist/><ref name=shakya>{{Cite journal | last1=Shakya | first1=Subir B. | last2=Sheldon | first2=Frederick H. | date=2017 | title=The phylogeny of the world's bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) inferred using a supermatrix approach | journal=Ibis | volume=159 | issue=3 | pages=498–509 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12464| doi-access=free }}</ref>

The family forms two main clades. One clade contains species that are only found in Africa; many of these have greenbul in the common name. The second clade contains mostly Asian species but includes a few species that are found in Africa.<ref name=shakya/>

{{Cladogram
|caption=Phylogeny based on a study of the babblers by Cai and colleagues published in 2019.<ref name=avilist/><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Cai | first1=T. | last2=Cibois | first2=A. | last3=Alström | first3=P. | last4=Moyle | first4=R.G. | last5=Kennedy | first5=J.D. | last6=Shao | first6=S. | last7=Zhang | first7=R. | last8=Irestedt | first8=M. | last9=Ericson | first9=P.G.P. | last10=Gelang | first10=M. | last11=Qu | first11=Y. | last12=Lei | first12=F. | last13=Fjeldså | first13=J. | date=2019 | title=Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=130 | pages=346–356 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.010 | pmid=30321696 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
|align=centre
|cladogram={{Clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%;width:500px;
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1='''Pycnonotidae''' – bulbuls (163 species)
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Paradoxornithidae]] – parrotbills and myzornis (38 species)
|2=[[Sylviidae]] – sylviid warblers (32 species)
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Zosteropidae]] – white-eyes (152 species)
|2={{clade
|1=[[Timaliidae]] – tree babblers (58 species)
|2={{clade
|1=[[Pellorneidae]] – ground babblers (68 species)
|2={{clade
|1=[[Alcippeidae]] – Alcippe fulvettas (10 species)
|2=[[Leiothrichidae]] – laughingthrushes and allies (133 species)
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

===List of genera===
[[File:Spizixos semitorques.jpg|thumb|252px|[[Collared finchbill]]]]
[[File:Red-whiskered Bulbul-web.jpg|thumb|252px|[[Red-whiskered bulbul]]]]

Currently, there are 161 recognized species in 28 genera:<ref name=avilist>{{ cite web | author=AviList Core Team | date=2025 | title=AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025 | doi=10.2173/avilist.v2025 | doi-access=free | url=http://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/ | access-date=17 November 2025 }}</ref>

* Genus ''[[Andropadus]]'' – [[sombre greenbul]] (formerly contained many species)
* Genus ''[[Stelgidillas]]'' – [[slender-billed greenbul]] (formerly in ''Andropadus'')
* Genus ''[[Calyptocichla]]'' – [[golden greenbul]]
* Genus ''[[Neolestes]]'' – [[black-collared bulbul]]
* Genus ''[[Bleda (bird)|Bleda]]'' – bristlebills (5 species)
* Genus ''[[Atimastillas]]'' – greenbuls (2 species)
* Genus ''[[Ixonotus]]'' – [[spotted greenbul]]
* Genus ''[[Thescelocichla]]'' – [[swamp palm bulbul]]
* Genus ''[[Chlorocichla]]'' – greenbuls (5 species)
* Genus ''[[Baeopogon]]'' – greenbuls (2 species)
* Genus ''[[Arizelocichla]]'' – greenbuls (11 species) (formerly in ''Andropadus'')
* Genus ''[[Criniger]]'' – greenbuls (5 species)
* Genus ''[[Eurillas]]'' – greenbuls (5 species) (formerly in ''Andropadus'')
* Genus ''[[Phyllastrephus]]'' – greenbuls and brownbuls (20 species)
* Genus ''[[Tricholestes]]'' – [[hairy-backed bulbul]]
* Genus ''[[Setornis]]'' – [[hook-billed bulbul]]
* Genus ''[[Alophoixus]]'' – 8 species (formerly in ''Criniger'')
* Genus ''[[Alcurus]]'' – [[striated bulbul]]
* Genus ''[[Iole (genus)|Iole]]'' – 7 species
* Genus ''[[Hemixos]]'' – 3 species
* Genus ''[[Acritillas]]'' – [[yellow-browed bulbul]]
* Genus ''[[Ixos]]'' – 5 species
* Genus ''[[Hypsipetes]]'' – 26 species (includes 3 species formerly in ''Thapsinillas'', one formerly in ''[[Cerasophila]]'' and one formerly in ''Microscelis'')
* Genus ''[[Microtarsus]]'' – 7 species
* Genus ''[[Rubigula]]'' – 8 species (formerly in ''Pycnonotus'')
* Genus ''[[Bare-faced bulbul|Nok]]'' – [[bare-faced bulbul]] (genus introduced in 2017)
* Genus ''[[Spizixos]]'' – finchbills (2 species)
* Genus ''[[Pycnonotus]]'' – 31 species (substantially reduced from earlier classification)

===Cladogram===
Phylogeny based on a study by Subir Shakya and Frederick Shelden published in 2017 with the revised genera as defined in the [[AviList]] checklist.<ref name=avilist/><ref name=shakya/> The positions of the [[bare-faced bulbul]] (''Nok hualon'') and the [[yellow-browed bulbul]] (''Acritillas indica'') are based on a study by Jérôme Fuchs and colleagues published in 2018.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Fuchs | first1=J. | last2=Pasquet | first2=E. | last3=Stuart | first3=B.L. | last4=Woxvold | first4=I.A. | last5=Duckworth | first5=J.W. | last6=Bowie | first6=R.C.K. | date=2018 | title=Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare-faced Bulbul ''Pycnonotus hualon'' with description of a new genus | journal=Ibis | volume=160 | issue=3 | pages=659–665 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12580}}</ref> As currently defined the genera ''Chlorocichla'' and ''Arizelocichla'' are not [[monophyletic]].
{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|1={{clade
|label1='''Pycnonotidae'''
|1={{clade
|label1=Africa clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Andropadus]]'' – sombre greenbul
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Calyptocichla]]'' – golden greenbul
|2=''[[Stelgidillas]]'' – slender-billed greenbul
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Neolestes]]'' – black-collared bulbul
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Phyllastrephus]]'' – greenbuls, brownbuls, leaflove (20 species)
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Criniger]]'' – greenbuls (5 species)
|2=''[[Eurillas]]'' – greenbuls (5 species)
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Bleda_(bird)|Bleda]] - [[Bristlebill]]'' – bristlebills (5 species)
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Arizelocichla]]'' – greenbuls (12 species)
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Atimastillas]]'' – yellow-throated leaflove
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ixonotus]]'' – spotted greenbul
|2=''[[Thescelocichla]]'' – swamp palm bulbul
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Arizelocichla montana]]'' – Cameroon greenbul
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Chlorocichla]]'' – greenbuls (5 species)
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Baeopogon]]'' – greenbuls (2 species)
|2=''[[Chlorocichla simplex]]'' – simple greenbul
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=mainly Asian clade
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Microtarsus]]'' – (7 species)
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Rubigula]]'' – (8 species)
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Pycnonotus]]'' – (34 species)
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Bare-faced_bulbul|Nok]]'' – bare-faced bulbul
|2=''[[Spizixos]]'' – finchbills (2 species)
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tricholestes]]'' – hairy-backed bulbul
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Alophoixus]]'' – (8 species)
|2=''[[Setornis]]'' – hook-billed bulbul
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Alcurus]]'' – striated bulbul
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Iole (genus)|Iole]]'' – (7 species)
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Acritillas]]'' – yellow-browed bulbul
|2=''[[Hemixos]]'' – (4 species)
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hypsipetes]]'' – (25 species)
|2=''[[Ixos]]'' – (5 species)
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

==Description==
Bulbuls are short-necked slender passerines. The tails are long and the wings short and rounded. In almost all species the [[beak|bill]] is slightly elongated and slightly hooked at the end. They vary in length from 13 cm and {{convert|13.3|g|oz|abbr=on}} for the [[tiny greenbul (disambiguation)|tiny greenbul]] to 29 cm and {{convert|93|g|oz|abbr=on}} in the [[straw-headed bulbul]].<ref>{{cite book |title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses |edition=2nd |editor-first=John B. Jr. |editor-last=Dunning |publisher=CRC Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4200-6444-5}}</ref> Overall the sexes are alike, although the females tend to be slightly smaller. In a few species the differences are so great that they have been described as functionally different species. The soft [[plumage]] of some species is colorful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throat or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Species with dull coloured eyes often sport contrasting eyerings. Some have very distinct crests. Bulbuls are highly [[Bird vocalization|vocal]], with the calls of most species being described as nasal or gravelly. One author described the song of the [[brown-eared bulbul]] as "one of the most unattractive noises made by any bird".{{sfn|Fishpool|Tobias|2005|p=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0010unse/page/146/mode/1up 146]}}

==Behaviour and ecology==
===Breeding===
The bulbuls are generally [[monogamy in animals|monogamous]]. One unusual exception is the [[yellow-whiskered greenbul]] which at least over part of its range appears to be polygamous and engage in a [[Lek (biology)|lekking]] system. Some species also have [[alloparenting]] arrangements, where non-breeders, usually the young from earlier clutches, help raise the young of a dominant breeding pair.{{sfn|Fishpool|Tobias|2005|p=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0010unse/page/151/mode/1up 151]}} Up to five speckled eggs are laid in open tree nests and [[avian incubation|incubated]] by the female. Incubation usually lasts between 11 and 14 days, and chicks [[fledge]] after 12–16 days.{{sfn|Fishpool|Tobias|2005|pp=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0010unse/page/154/mode/1up 154–155]}}

===Feeding===
Bulbuls eat a wide range of foods, ranging from fruit to seeds, nectar, small insects and other arthropods and even small vertebrates. The majority of species are frugivorous and supplement their diet with some insects, although there is a significant minority of specialists, particularly in Africa. Open country species in particular are generalists. Bulbuls in the genus ''[[Criniger]]'' and bristlebills in the genus ''[[Bleda (bird)|Bleda]]'' will join [[mixed-species feeding flock]]s.

==Relationship to humans==
The [[red-whiskered bulbul]]s and [[red-vented bulbul]]s have been captured for the pet trade in great numbers and have been widely introduced to tropical and subtropical areas, for example, southern [[Florida]], [[Fiji]], [[Australia]] and [[Hawaii]]. Some species{{which|date=June 2020}} are regarded as crop pests, particularly in orchards.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

In general, bulbuls and greenbuls are resistant to human pressures on the environment and are tolerant of disturbed habitat. Around 13 species are considered [[threatened]] by human activities, mostly specialised forest species that are threatened by [[habitat loss]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{ cite book | last1=Fishpool | first1=L.D.C. |last2=Tobias | first2=J.A. | year=2005 | chapter=Family Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Christie | editor3-first=D.A. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=10: Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-87334-72-6 | pages=124–250 | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0010unse/page/124/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pycnonotidae}}
*''[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/bulbuls-pycnonotidae Bulbul photos and videos] on the Internet Bird Collection''
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090605205229/http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/winkler/botw/pycnonotidae.html Family characters]''

{{Taxonbar|from=Q188854}}

[[Category:Pycnonotidae|*]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Robert Gray]]

Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express

2026-02-02T01:52:42Z

Bhupendra: fix details to improve readability and added references

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 008000
| name = Delhi Sarai Rohilla – Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express
| image = Garib Rath express at rewari.jpg
| caption = Delhi Sarai Rohilla – Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express Skipping [[Navsari railway station]]
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]], [[Garib Rath]]
| locale = [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] & [[Maharashtra]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2008|02|05}}
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Delhi Sarai Rohilla}} (DEE)
| stops = 17
| end = {{stnlnk|Bandra Terminus}} (BDTS)
| distance = {{convert|1433.5|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 22 hours 50 minutes
| frequency = 4 days a week.
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 2 tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper class]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|General Unreserved]]
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1,676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12215 / 12216
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|62.5|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map = [[File:Garib Rath Express (Mumbai Bandra - Delhi Sarai Rohilla) route map.png|250px|Garib Rath Express (Mumbai Bandra–Delhi Sarai Rohilla) route map]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12215 / 12216 '''Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train of the [[Garib Rath]] category belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[Northern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Delhi Sarai Rohilla}} and {{stnlnk|Bandra Terminus}} in India. It has [[Electric Loco Shed, Ghaziabad|Ghaziabad]]-based [[WAP-5]].

It operates as train number 12215 from Delhi Sarai Rohilla to Bandra Terminus and as train number 12216 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]].

When the train was introduced, it ran only up to {{stnlnk|Jaipur Junction}} being subsequently extended to Mumbai Bandra Terminus.

==Service==

* The 12215 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express covers the distance of 1431 kilometres in 22 hours 50 mins (63 km/h).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/delhi-sarai-rohilla-bandra-terminus-garib-rath-express-12215/7558/350/303| title=12215/Delhi Sarai Rohilla - Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
* The 12216 Bandra Terminus–Delhi Sarai Rohilla Garib Rath Express covers the distance of 1431 kilometres in 23 hours 30 mins (61 km/h).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mumbai-bandra-t-delhi-sarai-rohilla-garib-rath-express-12216/7557/303/350| title=12216/Bandra Terminus - Delhi Sarai Rohilla Garib Rath Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

As the average speed of the train is above {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] surcharge. It touches 130 kmph, with [[Electric Loco Shed, Ghaziabad|Ghaziabad]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara]]-based [[WAP-7]]. The 12215 / 12216 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express runs from Delhi Sarai Rohilla via {{stnlnk|Delhi Cantonment}}, {{stnlnk|Gurgaon}}, {{stnlnk|Rewari Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Alwar Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Jaipur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Ajmer Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Abu Road}}, {{stnlnk|Palanpur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Gandhinagar Capital}}, {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nadiad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Surat}}, {{stnlnk|Borivali}} to Bandra Terminus and vice versa.

==Coaches==

The 12215/12216 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express presently has LHB coaches of which 20 [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]] economy coaches along with 2 [[Diesel generator|EOG]] coaches. It does not have a [[pantry car]]. it has 22 coaches which is equal to [[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Garib Rath Express]] and [[Mumbai Rajdhani Express]]. Earlier this [[Garib Rath Express]] was used to have a [[ICF coach]]

As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways, depending on demand.

-:COACH COMPOSITION:-
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:yellow;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:grey;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 17
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 18
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 19
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 20
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:red;"| 21
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:grey;"| 22
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]]
||EOG||G1||G2||G3||G4||G5||G6||G7||G8||G9||G10||G11||G12||G13||G14||G15||G16||G17||G18||G19||G20||EOG
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Delhi Sarai Rohilla Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express - AC 3 tier coach.jpg|Delhi–Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]] coach
File:12215 Delhi Sarai Rohilla Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express at platform 1.jpg|12215 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express at platform 1 of Delhi Sarai Rohilla railway station
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite web|url=http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=1790&id=0,4,268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145349/http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=1790&id=0%2C4%2C268 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 April 2014 |title=Western Railway |publisher=wr.indianrailways.gov.in |accessdate=2014-04-10 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Passengers-lose-seats-on-Garib-Rath/articleshow_dc/19875560.cms|title=Passengers lose seats on Garib Rath – The Times of India|work=The Times of India |date=4 May 2013 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=2014-04-10}}
*{{cite web|url=http://railroadair.blogspot.in/2011/01/sheila-dikshit-flags-off-new-trains.html|title=Rail Road Air-Indian Railways: SHEILA DIKSHIT FLAGS OFF NEW TRAINS|date=4 January 2011 |publisher=railroadair.blogspot.in|accessdate=2014-04-10}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/garibrath_trn_list.html |title=GARIBRATH & YUVA TRAIN LIST |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |accessdate=2014-04-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530062137/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/garibrath_trn_list.html |archivedate=30 May 2014 |df=dmy }}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in |title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |accessdate=2014-04-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408180437/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ |archivedate=8 April 2014 |df=dmy }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irctc.co.in|title=IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System|publisher=irctc.co.in|accessdate=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=[IRFCA] Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=IRFCA|accessdate=2014-04-05}}

==Sister trains==
* [[August Kranti Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Garib Rath Express]]
* [[Bandra Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin Yuva Express]]
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hazrat Nizamuddin AC Express]]
* [[Maharashtra Sampark Kranti Express]]
* [[Mumbai–New Delhi Duronto Express]]
* [[Mumbai Rajdhani Express]]
* [[Mumbai CSMT–Hazrat Nizamuddin Rajdhani Express]]

{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Garib Rath Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delhi Sarai Rohilla-Bandra Terminus Garib Rath Express}}
[[Category:Delhi–Mumbai trains]]
[[Category:Garib Rath Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2008]]

Pali Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-24T14:17:34Z

Bhupendra: Put up the bio from scratch...

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pali
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Pali.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Pali Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = PP Chaudhary Office Image.jpg
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[P. P. Chaudhary]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| Successful Party =
| assembly_cons = [[Sojat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sojat]] [[Pali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pali]] [[Marwar Junction (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Marwar Junction]] [[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali]] [[Sumerpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sumerpur]] [[Osian (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Osian]] [[Bhopalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhopalgarh]] [[Bilara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bilara]]
}}
'''Pali Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|paːliː}}) is in [[Pali district]], in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="Pali Lok Sabha constituency">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=Pali Lok Sabha constituency |url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/pali-lok-sabha-constituency-2196709.html |accessdate=14 October 2022 |date=2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014090306/https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/pali-lok-sabha-constituency-2196709.html |archivedate=14 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
After the delimitation, presently this constituency comprises the following eight Vidhan Sabha segments:
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|117
|[[Sojat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sojat]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Pali district|Pali]]
|[[Shobha Chauhan]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|118
|[[Pali Assembly constituency|Pali]]
|[[Bheem Raj Bhati]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|119
|[[Marwar Junction (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Marwar Junction]]
|[[Kesaram Choudhary]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|120
|[[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali]]
|[[Pushpendra Singh]]
|-
|121
|[[Sumerpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sumerpur]]
|[[Joraram Kumawat]]
|-
|125
|[[Osian Assembly constituency|Osian]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]
|Bhera Ram Choudhary
|-
|126
|[[Bhopalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhopalgarh]] (SC)
|Geeta Barwar
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|131
|[[Bilara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bilara]] (SC)
|Arjun Lal
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}
Before the [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of the parliamentary constituencies in 2008, this Lok Sabha constituency comprised the following eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments:
# Bali, Desuri (SC), Jaitaran, Kharchi,
# Pali, Raipur, Sojat, Sumerpur

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1952 Indian general election|1952]]|| General Ajit Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]|| [[Harish Chandra Mathur]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]|| [[Jaswantraj Mehta]]
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]|| S K Tapuriah
|style="background-color: {{party color|Swatantra Party}}" |
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]|| [[Mool Chand Daga]]

|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]|| [[Amrit Nahata]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Mool Chand Daga]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress }}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 1988^ ||Shankar Lal Sharma
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]|| rowspan="3" |[[Guman Mal Lodha]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]|| Mitha Lal Jain
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Pusp Jain]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]||[[Badri Ram Jakhar]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]|| rowspan="3" |[[P. P. Chaudhary]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[P. P. Chaudhary]]
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes= 757389
|percentage= 55.94
|change=
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Sangeeta Beniwal
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes= 512,038
|percentage= 37.82
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,53,842
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[P. P. Chaudhary]]|votes=9,00,149|percentage=66.20|change=+1.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Badri Ram Jakhar]]|votes=4,18,552|percentage=30.78|change=+2.28}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=15,180|percentage=1.12|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Kanhaiyalal Vaishnav|votes=7,745|percentage=0.57|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 4,81,597
|percentage = 35.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,61,515|percentage=62.98|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 Lok Sabha===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[P. P. Chaudhary]]
|votes = 7,11,772
|percentage = 64.87
|change = +38.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Munni Devi Godara
|votes = 3,12,733
|percentage = 28.50
|change = -25.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bhojraj
|votes = 16,469
|percentage = 1.50
|change = -13.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 17,703
|percentage = 1.61
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,99,039
|percentage = 36.37
|change = +9.16
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,97,253
|percentage = 57.69
|change = +14.73
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +11.25
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Badri Ram Jakhar]]
|votes = 3,87,604
|percentage = 53.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pusp Jain]]
|votes = 1,90,887
|percentage = 26.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shambhu Singh Khetasar
|votes = 1,08,388
|percentage = 14.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Hari Lal Kalal
|votes = 12,098
|percentage = 1.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,96,717
|percentage = 27.21
|change = +15.56
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,22,870
|percentage = 42.96
|change = -2.50
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pusp Jain]]
|votes = 2,64,114
|percentage = 48.66
|change = -10.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Surendra Kumar Surana]]
|votes = 200,876
|percentage = 37.01
|change = -2.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Madhav Singh Diwan
|votes = 38,664
|percentage = 7.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Heera Ram
|votes = 10,784
|percentage = 1.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Meethalal Jain
|votes = 10,451
|percentage = 1.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sohan Singh Sankhala
|votes = 6,368
|percentage = 1.17
|change = +0.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Moola Ram
|votes = 5,969
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Lahara Ram Sargara
|votes = 2,901
|percentage = 0.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Barkat Ali
|votes = 2,611
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 63,238
|percentage = 11.65
|change = -7.99
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 542,738
|percentage = 45.46
|change = -4.54
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -10.80
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Pali district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|25.8|73.3|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pali (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Pali district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]

Jayesh Bugad

2026-01-05T22:15:45Z

Bhupendra: Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{short description|Indian Speed Skater}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Jayesh Bugad
| image = JAYESH_BUGAD.jpg
| caption = Jayesh Bugad racing in the Flanders Grand Prix.
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| occupation = Skater
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|2000|01|25}}
| birth_place = [[Ichalkaranji]], [[Maharashtra]] [[India]]
| years_active = 2005 - present
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| education =
| employer = [[Roller Skating Federation of India]]
| height = {{convert|160.34|cm}}
| module = 
| country = [[India]]
| sport = Speed skating
}}
'''Jayesh Uday Bugad''' is an Indian [[Inline skating|Inline Speed skater]], who represented [[India]] in [https://www.flandersgrandprix.be/ Flanders Grand Prix 2014].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Results.|url=http://www.flandersgrandprix.be/sites/default/files/uitslagen/2014/002-cadet-boys-300tt.pdf}}</ref> He is from [[Ichalkaranji]], Maharashtra, India.

He is an Indian skating champion and holds more than 3 [[World Record]]s<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=661 Skaters Make It The Largest Ever|url=https://rollbackworld.com/blog/661-skaters-make-it-the-largest-ever/|access-date=2019-08-11|website=RollBack World|language=en}}</ref> in skating. Jayesh is also a social worker and pursuing his career in politics. He is currently the youngest appointed Leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha|Bhartiya Janata Yuva Morcha]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9ggpbjkRYM |title=जयेश यदय बुगड युवा मोर्चा इचलकरंजी शहराध्यक्ष |date=2023-09-24 |last=My Maharashtra |access-date=2025-07-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> He is leading the campaign for [[Ichalkaranji]] city.
[[File:Jayesh_Bugad_during_a_rally.jpg|thumb|Jayesh Bugad after being elected as Leader of Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, Ichalkaranji.]]

== Competitions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Competition
|-
|2014
|Flanders Grand Prix 2014<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2015
|52nd National Speed Skating Championships<ref>{{Cite web|title=Results II|url=http://www.karnatakarollerskatingassociation.com/pdf/05-RINK-III.pdf|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716145010/http://www.karnatakarollerskatingassociation.com/pdf/05-RINK-III.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Largest Roller Skating Relay World Record 2016 India<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Largest roller skating relay: List of participants|url=https://www.worldrecordacademy.com/lists/largest_roller_skating_relay_India_list_of_participants.html|access-date=2021-08-17|website=www.worldrecordacademy.com}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Guinness World Record at Belagavi 2016 India<ref>{{Cite web|title=Largest roller skating relay: India sets world record (VIDEO)|url=https://www.worldrecordacademy.com/sports/largest_roller_skating_relay_India_sets_world_record_216374.html|access-date=2021-08-17|website=www.worldrecordacademy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=661 Skaters Make It The Largest Ever|url=https://rollbackworld.com/blog/661-skaters-make-it-the-largest-ever/|access-date=2021-08-17|website=RollBack World|language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bugad, Jayesh Uday}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Ichalkaranji]]
[[Category:Indian male speed skaters]]
[[Category:Inline speed skaters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

List of Padma Shri award recipients (2000–2009)

2025-12-26T21:54:25Z

Bhupendra: add citations as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|Recipients of a civilian award in India}}

{{Infobox civilian award
| name = Padma Shri
| image = Padma Shri India IIIe Klasse.jpg
| image_size = 100px
| type = National Civilian
| country = [[India]]
| established = 1954
| firstawarded = 1954
| total_awarded = 659
| presenter = [[File:Emblem of India.svg|30px|State Emblem of India]] [[Government of India]]
| previous = [[Padma Vibhushan]] "Tisra Varg" (Class III)
| obverse = A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Shri" is placed below the lotus.
| reverse = A platinum [[State Emblem of India]] placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" ("Truth alone triumphs") in Devanagari Script
| ribbon = [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|100px]]
| higher = [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Bhushan riband]] [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}

[[Padma Shri]] Award, [[India]]'s fourth highest civilian honours – Winners, 2000 – 2009<ref name="award00-09">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=22 March 2016|format=PDF|pp=117–166|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220252/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf|archive-date=14 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Recipients==
{|class="plainrowheaders"
|+
! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top" |
{{Bar graph
| title = Award recipients by year<ref name="award00-09"/>
| float = right
| bar_width = 12
| width_units = em
| data_max = 93
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Number of recipients
| label1 = 2000
| data1 = 42
| label2 = 2001
| data2 = 66
| label3 = 2002
| data3 = 65
| label4 = 2003
| data4 = 55
| label5 = 2004
| data5 = 74
| label6 = 2005
| data6 = 55
| label7 = 2006
| data7 = 60
| label8 = 2007
| data8 = 78
| label9 = 2008
| data9 = 71
| label10 = 2009
| data10 = 93
}}
! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top"|
{{Bar graph
| title = Award recipients by field<ref name="award00-09"/>
| float = right
| bar_width = 12
| width_units = em
| data_max = 185
| label_type = Field
| data_type = Number of recipients
| label1 = Arts
| data1 = 185
| label2 = Civil Service
| data2 = 4
| label3 = Literature & Education
| data3 = 138
| label4 = Medicine
| data4 = 107
| label5 = Others
| data5 = 10
| label6 = Public Affairs
| data6 = 17
| label7 = Science & Engineering
| data7 = 90
| label8 = Social Work
| data8 = 55
| label9 = Sports
| data9 = 39
| label10 = Trade & Industry
| data10 = 14
}}
|}

{{Table TOC|2000|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|2006|2007|2008|2009}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Key
! scope="row" | {{legend|#CEE8F0| {{Hash}} Indicates a posthumous honour|outline=blue|border=1px solid blue}}
|}

[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Shri Award – 2006 to Ms. Shobana Chandrakumar, a well-known Classical dancer, Choreographer teacher and actress, in New Delhi on March 20, 2006.jpg|thumb|Then President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Shri Award to Actress Shobana in New Delhi on 20 March 2006.]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:73%"
|+ List of Padma Shri award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country<ref name="award00-09"/>
! scope="col" style="width:5%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%" | Recipient
! scope="col" style="width:23%" | Field
! scope="col" style="width:17%" | State/ Country
|- id="2000"
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Neidonuo|Angami}}
| Social Work || Nagaland
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahendra|Bhandari}}
| Medicine || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vijay P.|Bhatkar}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|D. D.|Bhawalkar}}
| Science & Engineering || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Grigoriy Lvovitch|Bondarevsky}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USSR|Indicates a citizen of Russia}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vipin|Buckshey}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vaidya Suresh|Chaturvedi}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P. S.|Chawngthu}}
| Literature & Education || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kanhai|Chitrakar}}
| Arts || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kirpal Singh|Chugh}}
| Medicine || Chandigarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pradeep Kumar|Dave|P. K. Dave}}
| Medicine || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aloysius Prakash|Fernandez}}
| Others || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Satya Narayan|Gourisaria}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=GBR|Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gopalasamy|Govindarajan|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Piloo Nowshir|Jungalwalla}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mathew|Kalarickal}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shekhar|Kapur}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jagan Nath|Kaul}}
| Social Work || Haryana
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurdev Singh|Khush|Gurdev Khush}}
| Science & Engineering || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=PHLP|Indicates a citizen of Philippines}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dina Nath|Malhotra}}
| Others || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hema|Malini}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anjolie Ela|Menon}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mandan|Mishra}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Parasu Ram|Mishra}}
| Science & Engineering || Jharkhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shubha|Mudgal}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Patricia|Mukhim}}
| Social Work || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|N. R. Narayana|Murthy}}
| Trade & Industry || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Janaky Athi|Nahappan}}
| Social Work || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=MAL|Indicates a citizen of Malaysia}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Alyque|Padamsee}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rehman|Rahi}}
| Literature & Education || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A. R.|Rahman}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kakarla Subba|Rao}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Enuga Sreenivasulu|Reddy}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA|Indicates a citizen of the United States}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ramanand|Sagar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|G. S.|Sainani}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Immaneni|Sathyamurthy}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. P.|Saxena}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nabaneeta Dev|Sen}}
| Literature & Education || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" style="background-color:#CEE8F0;" | {{sortname|Elangbam Nilakanta|Singh}}{{Hash}}
| Literature & Education || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hanumappa|Sudarshan}}
| Social Work || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rabindra Nath|Upadhyay}}
| Social Work || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Santosh|Yadav}}
| Sports || Delhi
|- id="2001"
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Khalid A. H.|Ansari}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bala V.|Balachandran}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S. P.|Balasubrahmanyam}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jyoti Bhushan|Banerji}}
| Medicine || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jeelani|Bano}}
| Literature & Education || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sandip Kumar|Basu}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bisweswar|Bhattacharjee}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahesh|Bhupathi}}
| Sports || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|V. K.|Chaturvedi}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manoj|Das}}
| Literature & Education || Puducherry
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Alaka Keshav|Deshpande|Alaka Deshpande}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sharad Kumar|Dixit}}
| Medicine || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ketayun Ardeshir|Dinshaw}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prem Shanker|Goel}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Chittoor Mohammed|Habeebullah}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Malathi Krishnamurthy|Holla}}
| Sports || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aamir Raza|Husain}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Javare|Gowda}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Padmaja Phenany|Joglekar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Chandrashekhara|Kambara}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gnanananda|Kavi}}
| Literature & Education || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumar|Ketkar}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohammed Tayab|Khan}}
| Arts || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunil|Kothari}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ravindra|Kumar|dab=political scientist}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhuvneshwari|Kumari}}
| Sports || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nerella Venu|Madhav}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mool Chand|Maheshwari|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Goverdhan|Mehta}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Mohanlal}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tulasi|Munda}}
| Social Work || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shobha|Naidu}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|C. G. Krishnadas|Nair}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M. Krishnan|Nair|dab=doctor}}
| Medicine || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Leander|Paes}}
| Sports || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kandathil Mammen|Philip}}
| Trade & Industry || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dhanraj|Pillay}}
| Sports || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M. S.|Raghunathan}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sanjaya|Rajaram}}
| Science & Engineering || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=MXC|Indicates a citizen of Mexico}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|D. V. S.|Raju}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|T. V.|Ramakrishnan}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Avadhanam Sita|Raman}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thirumalachari|Ramasami}}
| Science & Engineering || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohan|Ranade}}
| Public Affairs || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunita|Rani}}
| Sports || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dasari Prasada|Rao}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dasika Durga Prasada|Rao}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Siramdasu Venkata Rama|Rao}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Paul|Ratnasamy}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kallam Anji|Reddy}}
| Trade & Industry || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kalidas Gupta|Riza}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Padma|Sachdev}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhabendra Nath|Saikia}}
| Literature & Education || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashoke|Sen}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gouri|Sen|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohammad|Shafi|dab=scientist|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Laishram Nabakishore|Singh}}
| Medicine || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bikash|Sinha}}
| Science & Engineering || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhupathiraju|Somaraju}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|E.|Sreedharan}}
| Civil Service || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suhas Pandurang|Sukhatme}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thota|Tharani}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bishop Mulanakuzhiyil Abraham|Thomas|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vachnesh|Tripathi}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Krishna Prasad Singh|Varma|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2001
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohammad Ahmed|Zaki}}
| Civil Service || Andhra Pradesh
|- id="2002"
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suresh H.|Advani}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Norma|Alvares}}
| Social Work || Goa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|W. D.|Amaradeva}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=SL|Indicates a citizen of Sri Lanka}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prakash|Amte}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Munirathna|Anandakrishnan}}
| Literature & Education || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A. S.|Arya}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Narayanaswamy|Balakrishnan}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Padmanabhan|Balaram}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dorairajan|Balasubramanian}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Raj|Begum}}
| Arts || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vishwa Mohan|Bhatt}}
| Arts || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pushpa|Bhuyan}}
| Arts || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Viresh Pratap|Chaudhry}}
| Public Affairs || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gopal|Chhotray}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pradeep|Chowbey}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ramanath|Cowsik}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vijay Kumar|Dada}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajan|Devadas}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Diana|Edulji}}
| Sports || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Chaitanyamoy|Ganguly}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kota|Harinarayana}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Muzaffer|Hussain}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gyan Chand|Jain}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Darshana|Jhaveri}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok|Jhunjhunwala}}
| Science & Engineering || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hirebettu Sadananda|Kamath|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madhu Mangesh|Karnik}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok Ramchandra|Kelkar}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abdul Latif|Khan}}
| Arts || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prakash Nanalal|Kothari}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mani|Krishnaswami}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|V. K. Madhavan|Kutty}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harshel Sawi|Luaia|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harsh|Mahajan|dab=radiologist}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Amitav|Malik}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Manorama|dab=Tamil actress}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kiran|Martin}}
| Social Work || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vikram|Marwah}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Fazal|Mohammad}}
| Arts || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Taro|Nakayama}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=JPN|Indicates a citizen of Japan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Atluri Sriman|Narayana}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Katuru|Narayana}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-lo
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Govind|Nihalani}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kamaljit Singh|Paul}}
| Medicine || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A. Sivathanu|Pillai}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prema Narendra|Purao}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Satish Chandra|Rai|S C Rai}}
| Public Affairs || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sivananda|Rajaram}}
| Social Work || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Karimpat Mathangi|Ramakrishnan}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jaspal|Rana}}
| Sports || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gullapalli Nageswara|Rao}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|I. V. Subba|Rao|dab=scientist}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Turlapaty Kutumba|Rao}}
| Literature & Education || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mani|Ratnam}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|D. Nageshwar|Reddy}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kiran|Segal}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Navaneetham Padmanabha|Seshadri}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prahlad Kumar|Sethi}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Virendra Kumar|Sharma|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|B. N.|Suresh}}
| Science & Engineering || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Phillips|Talbot}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Saroja|Vaidyanathan}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dimitris C.|Velissaropoulos|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=GRCE|Indicates a citizen of Greece}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|T. H.|Vinayakram}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2002
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kim|Yang-shik}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=SKOR|Indicates a citizen of South Korea}}
|- id="2003"
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manzoor|Ahtesham}}
| Literature & Education || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ram Gopal|Bajaj}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Asok Kumar|Barua}}
| Science & Engineering || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jahnu|Barua}}
| Arts || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shivram|Bhoje}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jagdish|Chaturvedi|dab=writer}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jai Bhagwan|Chaudhary}}
| Science & Engineering || Haryana
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nalli Kuppuswami|Chetti}}
| Trade & Industry || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Danny|Denzongpa}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kshetrimayum Ongbi Thouranisabi|Devi}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Francis|Dore}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=FRC|Indicates a citizen of France}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rita|Ganguly}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ranjana|Gauhar}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sadashiv Vasantrao|Gorakshkar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|J. S.|Guleria}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rakhee|Gulzar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Verna Elizabeth Watre|Ingty}}
| Social Work || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pratapsinh|Jadhav}}
| Others || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nemi Chandra|Jain}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|O. P.|Jain}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Motilal|Jotwani}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sarvagya Singh|Katiyar}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vadiraj Raghavendra|Katti|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aamir|Khan}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shafaat Ahmed|Khan}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Narayana Panicker|Kochupillai}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajagopalan|Krishnan}}
| Medicine || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mukesh|Kumar|dab=field hockey}}
| Sports || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Chawngthu|Lalhmingliana|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|N. R. Madhava|Menon}}
| Public Affairs || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gyan Chandra|Mishra}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gopal Chandra|Mitra|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jai Pal|Mittal}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manthiram|Natarajan|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Nokdenlemba|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Nagaland
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gopal Purushottam|Phadke}}
| Sports || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kanhaya Lal|Pokhriyal}}
| Sports || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yarlagadda Lakshmi|Prasad}}
| Literature & Education || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sundaram|Ramakrishnan}}
| Science & Engineering || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Malavika|Sarukkai}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok|Seth}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tekkatte Narayan|Shanbhag}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Baburao Govindrao|Shirke}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shailendra Nath|Shrivastava}}
| Literature & Education || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jyotirmoyee|Sikdar}}
| Sports || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pritam|Singh|dab=educationist}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vijay Prakash|Singh}}
| Medicine || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahendra Singh|Sodha}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|T. M.|Soundararajan}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Sukumari}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Vairamuthu}}
| Literature & Education || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nagarajan|Vedachalam}}
| Science & Engineering || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Srinivasaraghavan|Venkataraghavan}}
| Sports || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Satish|Vyas|Satish Vyas (musician)}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2003
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kishorebhai Ratilal|Zaveri|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Delhi
|- id="2004"
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Meher Jehangir|Banaji|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hamlet|Bareh}}
| Literature & Education || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. M.|Beenamol}}
| Sports || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Bharathiraja}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arun Trimbak|Dabke|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Chhattisgarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sharayu|Daftary}}
| Trade & Industry || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Maguni Charan|Das}}
| Arts || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manoranjan|Das}}
| Arts || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Damodar Keshav|Datar|D. K. Datar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumarpal|Desai}}
| Literature & Education || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurmayum Anita|Devi}}
| Sports || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nampally|Divakar|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| Sports || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tatyana|Elizarenkova}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USSR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}}
| Sports || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anju Bobby|George}}
| Sports || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kadri|Gopalnath}}
| Arts || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anil Kumar|Gupta}}
| Literature & Education || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sharad Moreshwar|Hardikar}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Hariharan|dab=singer}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Syed Shah Mohammed|Hussaini}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gowri|Ishwaran}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Leeladhar|Jagudi}}
| Literature & Education || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunita|Jain}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Purshottam Das|Jalota}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Krishn|Kanhai}}
| Arts || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Heisnam|Kanhailal}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prithvi Nath|Kaula}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Satish Kumar|Kaura}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anupam|Kher}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sikkil Venkatraman|Kunjumani|Sikkil Sisters – Kunjumani & Neela}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Flora|MacDonald|dab=politician}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=CAN|Indicates a citizen of Canada}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S. C.|Manchanda}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashwin Balachand|Mehta}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Siddhartha|Mehta|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nalini Ranjan|Mohanty}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Batchu Lutchmiah Srinivasa|Murthy|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Keezhpadam Kumaran|Nair}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Morup|Namgyal}}
| Arts || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sikkil Natesan|Neela|Sikkil Sisters – Kunjumani & Neela}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aubakir Dastanuly|Nilibayev|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=KZKH|Indicates a citizen of Kazakhstan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S. P.|Nimbalkar}}
| Sports || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Haridwaramangalam A. K.|Palanivel}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shyam Narain|Panday|Shyam Narayan Pandey}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ayyappa|Paniker}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P.|Parameswaran}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kantibhai Baldevbhai|Patel|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Samuel|Paul}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|T. S.|Prahlad}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vishweshwaraiah|Prakash}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Premlata|Puri|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sudha|Ragunathan}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Veernala Jayarama|Rao}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Queenie|Rynjah}}
| Social Work || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S. K.|Sama}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bal|Samant}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajan|Saxena|dab=management academic}}
| Medicine || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kanhaiyalal|Sethia}}
| Literature & Education || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ramesh Chandra|Shah}}
| Literature & Education || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. N.|Shankara}}
| Science & Engineering || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Devi|Shetty}}
| Medicine || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bharati|Shivaji}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lalji|Singh}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pandit Surinder|Singh|Singh Bandhu}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gopal Prasad|Sinha}}
| Medicine || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajpal Singh|Sirohi}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhajan|Sopori}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Heinrich von|Stietencron}}
| Literature & Education || Germany
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sudhir|Tailang}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dilip|Tirkey}}
| Sports || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dalip Kaur|Tiwana}}
| Literature & Education || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Neyyattinkara|Vasudevan}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M.|Vijayan}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Asifa|Zamani}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|- id="2005"
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Muzaffar|Ali}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shameem Dev|Azad}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Amiya Kumar|Bagchi}}
| Literature & Education || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|G.|Bakthavathsalam}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dipankar|Banerjee|dab=metallurgist}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Srikumar|Banerjee}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hema|Bharali}}
| Social Work || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shobhana|Bhartia}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M.|Boyer}}
| Arts || Goa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manas|Chaudhuri}}
| Literature & Education || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. S.|Chithra}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Banwari Lal|Chouksey}}
| Science & Engineering || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nana|Chudasama}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Darchhawna}}
| Literature & Education || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhagavatula|Dattaguru}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yumlembam Gambhini|Devi}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vasudevan Gnana|Gandhi}}
| Science & Engineering || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pullela|Gopichand}}
| Sports || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|J. S.|Grewal}}
| Literature & Education || Chandigarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jitendra Mohan|Hans}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Indira|Jaising}}
| Public Affairs || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Amin|Kamil}}
| Literature & Education || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madhu Sudan|Kanungo}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shahrukh|Khan}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ghulam Sadiq|Khan}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kavita|Krishnamurthy}}
| Arts || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| Sports || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P. N. V.|Kurup}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Lalsawma}}
| Social Work || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gadul Singh|Lama}}
| Literature & Education || Sikkim
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M.|Mahadevappa}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mammen|Mathew}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Chaturbhuj|Meher}}
| Arts || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Veer Singh|Mehta}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumkum|Mohanty}}
| Arts || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S. B.|Mujumdar}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunita|Narain}}
| Others || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lavu|Narendranath}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Punaram|Nishad}}
| Arts || Chhattisgarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mehrunnisa|Parvez}}
| Literature & Education || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Theilin|Phanbuh}}
| Social Work || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Cyrus S.|Poonawalla}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurbachan Singh|Randhawa}}
| Sports || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajyavardhan Singh|Rathore}}
| Sports || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. C.|Reddy|dab=scientist|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sushil|Sahai|nolink=1}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kedar Nath|Sahoo}}
| Arts || Jharkhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Raasacha Swami Ram Swaroop|Sharma|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sougaijam Thanil|Singh}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gladys|Staines}}
| Social Work || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=AUS|Indicates a citizen of Australia}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rachel|Thomas|dab=skydiver}}
| Sports || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kunnakudi|Vaidyanathan}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Komala|Varadan}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bilat Paswan|Vihangam}}
| Literature & Education || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Puran Chand|Wadali|Wadali Brothers}}
| Arts || Punjab
|- id="2006"
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suwalal Chhaganmal|Bafna|Suwalal Bafna}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sanjeev|Bagai}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ramachandran|Balasubramanian}}
| Science & Engineering || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P. S.|Bedi|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madhumita|Bisht}}
| Sports || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|J. N.|Chaudhry|nolink=1}}
| Civil Service || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Devappagowda|Chinnaiah|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ileana|Citaristi}}
| Arts || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ajeet|Cour|Ajit Cour}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sucheta|Dalal}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mehmood|Dhaulpuri}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohan Singh|Gunjyal}}
| Sports || Arunachal Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harsh|Gupta}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Swami|Harigovind|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Seyed E.|Hasnain}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shahnaz|Husain}}
| Trade & Industry || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anil Prakash|Joshi}}
| Social Work || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shree Lal|Joshi}}
| Arts || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohan|Kameswaran}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Upendra|Kaul}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Surinder|Kaur}}
| Arts || Haryana
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rashid|Khan|dab=musician}}
| Arts || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Laltluangliana|Khiangte}}
| Literature & Education || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mary|Kom}}
| Sports || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vasundhara|Komkali}}
| Arts || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suresh|Krishna|dab=businessman}}
| Trade & Industry || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Narendra|Kumar|dab=physicist}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tsering|Landol}}
| Medicine || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lothar|Lutze}}
| Literature & Education || Germany
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abdul Rahman Al|Mahmoud|nolink=1}}
| Public Affairs || Qatar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yashodhar|Mathpal}}
| Arts || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sania|Mirza}}
| Sports || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ghanashyam|Mishra|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madhup|Mudgal}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sudha|Murty}}
| Social Work || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|B. V.|Nimbkar}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|B.|Palaniappan}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mrinal|Pande}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kavungal Chathunni|Panicker}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shyama Charan|Pati}}
| Arts || Jharkhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hakim Syed Zillur|Rahman}}
| Medicine || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harbhajan Singh|Rissam}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajendra Kumar|Saboo|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Chandigarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bahadur Singh|Sagoo}}
| Sports || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gayatri|Sankaran}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prasad|Sawkar}}
| Arts || Goa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kamal Kumar|Sethi}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mehmooda Ali|Shah}}
| Literature & Education || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aribam Syam|Sharma}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Shobana}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Swaminathan|Sivaram}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kanaka|Srinivasan}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Sugathakumari}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pankaj|Udhas}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tehemton Erach|Udwadia}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sudha|Varghese}}
| Social Work || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Melhupra|Vero}}
| Social Work || Nagaland
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sitanshu|Yashaschandra}}
| Literature & Education || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Fatima|Zakaria}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2006
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kashmiri Lal|Zakir}}
| Literature & Education || Chandigarh
|- id="2007"
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rabinder Gokaldas|Ahuja|nolink=1}}
| Others || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thekkethil Kochandy|Alex}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Temsula|Ao}}
| Literature & Education || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohan|Babu}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Runa|Banerjee}}
| Social Work || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rabi Narayan|Bastia}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dilip K.|Biswas}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ananda Mohan|Chakrabarty}}
| Science & Engineering || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Geeta|Chandran}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harpinder Singh|Chawla}}
| Medicine || Chandigarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sister M. Cyril|Mooney}}
| Social Work || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=IRL|Indicates a citizen of Ireland}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tarla|Dalal}}
| Others || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ravindra|Dayal|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Astad|Deboo}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vijaydan|Detha}}
| Literature & Education || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Neelamani|Devi}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bakul Harshadrai|Dholakia}}
| Literature & Education || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Remo|Fernandes}}
| Arts || Goa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Amitav|Ghosh}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Meenakshi|Gopinath}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P.|Gopinathan}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Narmada Prasad|Gupta}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajinder|Gupta}}
| Trade & Industry || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sushil|Gupta|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Syeda Saiyidain|Hameed}}
| Public Affairs || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pushpa|Hans}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mushirul|Hasan}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok Kumar|Hemal}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shanti|Hiranand}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mujtaba|Hussain}}
| Literature & Education || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ananda Shankar|Jayant}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kiran|Karnik}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Naina Lal|Kidwai}}
| Trade & Industry || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Giriraj|Kishore|dab=writer}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Humpy|Koneru}}
| Sports || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Atul|Kumar|dab=ophthalmologist}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Govardan|Kumari}}
| Arts || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sonam Tshering|Lepcha}}
| Arts || Sikkim
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|C. N.|Manjunath}}
| Medicine || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Balachandra|Menon}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Adya Prasad|Mishra|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anoop|Misra}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P.|Namperumalsamy}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mayilvahanan|Natarajan}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thanu|Padmanabhan}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. R.|Palaniswamy}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lalit|Pande}}
| Others || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahadev Prasad|Pandey|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Chhattisgarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shekhar|Pathak}}
| Literature & Education || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yusufkhan Mohamadkhan|Pathan}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lama Thup|Phuntsok|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Arunachal Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S. Dhakshinamurthy|Pillai|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" style="background-color:#CEE8F0;" | {{sortname|Devindra|Rahinwal|nolink=1}}{{Hash}}
| Social Work || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Baldev|Raj}}
| Science & Engineering || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pratibha|Ray}}
| Literature & Education || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rostislav|Rybakov}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USSR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahipal S.|Sachdev}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mira|Salganik|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USSR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Teesta|Setalvad}}
| Public Affairs || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vikram|Seth}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=GBR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Shashikala}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Balbir|Singh|dab=doctor|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gajendra Narayan|Singh|dab=musicologist}}
| Arts || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jeev Milkha|Singh}}
| Sports || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thingbaijam Babu|Singh}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A.|Sivasailam}}
| Trade & Industry || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sonam|Skalzang|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sudhir Kumar|Sopory}}
| Science & Engineering || Haryana
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pannuru|Sripathy}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Valayapatti A. R.|Subramaniam}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Waman|Thakre}}
| Arts || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|B. Paul|Thaliath}}
| Medicine || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P. R.|Thilagam}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sheo Bhagwan|Tibrewal}}
| Medicine || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=GBR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Vaali|dab=poet}}
| Literature & Education || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kharag Singh|Valdiya}}
| Science & Engineering || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohsin|Wali}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2007
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Khalid|Zaheer|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Uttarakhand
|- id="2008"
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sivanthi|Adithan}}
| Literature & Education || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bina|Agarwal}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kailash Chandra|Agrawal|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. S. Nissar|Ahmed}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M. A. Yousuf|Ali}}
| Social Work || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=UAE|Indicates a citizen of the United Arab Emirates}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tom|Alter}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vellayani|Arjunan}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shyam Narayan|Arya|S. N. Arya}}
| Medicine || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nirupam|Bajpai}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dinesh K.|Bhargava}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Baichung|Bhutia}}
| Sports || Sikkim
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sheela|Borthakur}}
| Social Work || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Karuna Mary|Braganza}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan|Chakyar}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jonnalagadda Gurappa|Chetty}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Meenakshi|Chitharanjan}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kasturi Lal|Chopra}}
| Science & Engineering || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bula|Choudhury}}
| Sports || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madhuri|Dixit}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vinod|Dua}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Barkha|Dutt}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tony|Fernandez|dab=ophthalmologist}}
| Medicine || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kekoo|Gandhy}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Helen|Giri}}
| Arts || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jatin|Goswami}}
| Arts || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|V. R.|Gowrishankar}}
| Social Work || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hans Raj|Hans}}
| Arts || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Surjya Kanta|Hazarika}}
| Literature & Education || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sabitri|Heisnam}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Joseph H.|Hulse}}
| Science & Engineering || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=CAN}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhavarlal|Jain}}
| Science & Engineering || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rakesh Kumar|Jain}}
| Medicine || Uttarakhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Raman|Kapur}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kaleem Ullah|Khan|dab=horticulturist}}
| Science & Engineering || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|T. P.|Lahane}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M.|Leelavathy}}
| Literature & Education || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gokulotsavji|Maharaj}}
| Arts || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Colette|Mathur}}
| Public Affairs || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=SWTZ|Indicates a citizen of Switzerland}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Amitabh|Mattoo}}
| Literature & Education || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Keiki R.|Mehta}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kshama|Metre}}
| Social Work || Himachal Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Amit|Mitra}}
| Trade & Industry || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mangala Prasad|Mohanty|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Jharkhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P. K. Narayanan|Nambiar}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|John Martin|Nelson|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Chhattisgarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M. C.|Pant}}
| Medicine || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bholabhai|Patel}}
| Literature & Education || Gujarat
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pratap|Pawar}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=GBR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gennadi Mikhailovich|Pechinkov}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USSR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gangadhar|Pradhan}}
| Arts || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arjunan|Rajasekaran}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kutikuppala Surya|Rao}}
| Social Work || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yella Venkateswara|Rao}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madan Mohan|Sabharwal}}
| Social Work || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Malvika|Sabharwal}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vikramjit|Sahney}}
| Social Work || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajdeep|Sardesai}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Deepak|Sehgal|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|M. Night|Shyamalan}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A. Jayanta Kumar|Singh|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Indu Bhushan|Sinha}}
| Medicine || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sirkazhi G.|Sivachidambaram}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Randhir|Sud}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohammad Yousuf|Taing}}
| Literature & Education || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sukhadeo|Thorat}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Srinibash|Udgata}}
| Literature & Education || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|C. U.|Velmurugendran}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sant Singh|Virmani}}
| Science & Engineering || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jawahar|Wattal}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Surendra Singh|Yadav|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2008
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sentila T.|Yanger|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Nagaland
|- id="2009"
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pankaj Arjan|Advani}}
| Sports || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ameena Ahmad|Ahuja}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" style="background-color:#CEE8F0;" | {{sortname|Tafazzul|Ali|nolink=1}}{{efn-lr|Tafazzul Ali died in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090126/jsp/northeast/story_10441045.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825212805/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090126/jsp/northeast/story_10441045.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 25, 2016|title=Nine awards for region|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=25 January 2009|accessdate=14 August 2016|location=New Delhi|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>}}{{Hash}}
| Arts || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suresh Gundu|Amonkar}}
| Literature & Education || Goa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aishwarya Rai|Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai}}
| Arts||Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kalyan|Banerjee|dab=homoeopathic physician}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Utpal K.|Banerjee}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hemi|Bawa}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Brahmanandam}}
| Arts || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abhay|Chhajlani}}
| Literature & Education || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ram Kishore|Chhipa|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Balswarup|Choubey}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Syamal Bhushan Ghosh|Dastidar}}
| Civil Service || Haryana
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Birendra Nath|Datta}}
| Literature & Education || Assam
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shashi|Deshpande}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Devayani|dab=dancer}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=FRC}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahendra Singh|Dhoni}}
| Sports || Jharkhand
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prakash N.|Dubey|nolink=1}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suresh|Dutta}}
| Arts || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shamsur Rahman|Faruqi}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kalamandalam|Gopi}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Niranjan|Goswami}}
| Arts || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Saibaba|Goud}}
| Medicine || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bannanje|Govindacharya}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok Kumar|Grover|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yash|Gulati}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A. K.|Gupta|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Syed Iqbal|Hasnain}}
| Others || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Panchapakesa|Jayaraman}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Geeta|Kapur}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nirmal Singh|Khalsa}}
| Arts || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hashmat Ullah|Khan}}
| Arts || Jammu & Kashmir
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Helen|dab=actress}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mathoor|Krishnamurty}}
| Literature & Education || Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|S.|Krishnaswamy}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Balbir Singh|Kullar}}
| Sports || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Akshay|Kumar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|P. R. Krishna|Kumar}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|R. K. Krishna|Kumar}}
| Trade & Industry || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arvind|Lal}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bilkees I.|Latif}}
| Social Work || Andhra Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Keepu Tsering|Lepcha}}
| Social Work || Sikkim
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Iravatham|Mahadevan}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jayanta|Mahapatra}}
| Literature & Education || Odisha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shyam Sunder|Maheshwari|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Rajasthan
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Laxman|Mane}}
| Literature & Education || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hridaynath|Mangeshkar}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|John Ralston|Marr}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=GBR}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Penaz|Masani}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Alok|Mehta}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Surinder|Mehta}}
| Others || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Cheril Krishna|Menon}}
| Social Work || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=UAE}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shaoli|Mitra}}
| Arts || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Udit|Narayan}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Govind Ram|Nirmalkar}}
| Arts || Chhattisgarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shaik Khader|Noordeen|nolink=}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Leela|Omchery}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pratapaditya|Pal}}
| Arts || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=USA}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shyamala|Pappu}}
| Public Affairs || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Joseph H.|Pereira}}
| Social Work || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|D. S.|Rana}}
| Medicine || Himachal Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bansilal|Rathi|nolink=1}}
| Social Work || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|A. Sankara|Reddy}}
| Literature & Education || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunil Kanti|Roy}}
| Social Work || West Bengal
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thanikachalam|Sadagopan}}
| Medicine || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lalthangfala|Sailo}}
| Literature & Education || Mizoram
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aruna|Sairam}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arunmugam|Sakthivel|nolink=1}}
| Trade & Industry || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ngawang|Samten}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. Asungba|Sangtam}}
| Public Affairs || Nagaland
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mattannoor|Sankarankutty}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumar|Sanu}}
| Arts || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ameen|Sayani}}
| Others || Maharashtra
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kiran|Seth}}
| Arts || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurumayum Gourakishor|Sharma}}
| Arts || Manipur
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|B. R.|Shetty}}
| Trade & Industry || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=UAE}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ravindra Nath|Shrivastava|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Bihar
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| Sports || Punjab
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|R.|Sivaraman|nolink=1}}
| Medicine || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ranbir Chander|Sobti}}
| Literature & Education || Chandigarh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" style="background-color:#CEE8F0;" | {{sortname|Skendrowell|Syiemlieh}}{{efn-lr|Skendrowell Syiemlieh died in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090105/jsp/northeast/story_10339194.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526042950/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090105/jsp/northeast/story_10339194.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 26, 2011|title=Northeast Echoes: Talent pool|author=Mukhim, Patricia|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=5 January 2009|accessdate=14 August 2016|location=Kolkata}}</ref>}}{{Hash}}
| Arts || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pramod|Tandon}}
| Science & Engineering || Meghalaya
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|J. A. K.|Tareen}}
| Literature & Education || Puducherry
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Thilakan}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ram Shankar|Tripathi}}
| Literature & Education || Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Norden|Tshering|nolink=1}}
| Literature & Education || Sikkim
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|K. P.|Udayabhanu}}
| Arts || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok K.|Vaid}}
| Medicine || Delhi
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunny|Varkey}}
| Literature & Education || {{dash}}{{efn-ua|name=UAE}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Govindan|Vijayaraghavan|G. Vijayaraghavan}}
| Medicine || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mitraniketan|Viswanathan}}
| Social Work || Kerala
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname||Vivek|dab=actor}}
| Arts || Tamil Nadu
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2009
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Goriparthi Narasimha Raju|Yadav}}
| Science & Engineering || Andhra Pradesh
|}

==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}

;Non-citizen recipients
{{notelist-ua|2}}

;Posthumous recipients
{{notelist-lr|2}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/}}
* {{cite web|title=Awards & Medals|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/awards_medals|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=22 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007054538/http://www.mha.nic.in/awards_medals|archive-date=7 October 2015|url-status=dead}}

{{Padma Shri Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padma Shri Awards (2000-2009)}}
[[Category:Lists of Padma Shri award recipients|2000-09]]
[[Category:2000s in India]]
[[Category:2000s-related lists]]

Barkachha Khurd

2025-11-27T13:20:52Z

Bhupendra: basic rework intro based on references and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
'''Barkachha Khurd''' is a village in [[Mirzapur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/archive/se2002/pollupd/ac/states/s24/acnstcand248.htm Election Commission data], retrieved on 19 August 2010</ref> [[Khurd and Kalan]] are Persian language words which mean small and big respectively. When two villages have the same name they are distinguished by adding Kalan or Khurd with the village name based on their relative size.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mirzapur district}}
{{coord|25|05|N|82|35|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Villages in Mirzapur district]]

{{Mirzapur-geo-stub}}

15th IIFA Awards

2025-10-30T20:24:46Z

Bhupendra: add structure per standard format and added references as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian film award ceremony in 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 15
| award = IIFA Awards
| award_link = International Indian Film Academy
| image =
| caption = IIFA Awards 2014 Information
| date = {{Start date|2014|04|23|df=y}}– {{End date|2014|04|26|df=y}}
| site = [[Raymond James Stadium]] [[Tampa, Florida]], [[United States|USA]]
| host = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shahid Kapoor]]
* [[Farhan Akhtar]]
}}
| producer =
| director =
| organizer =
| best_picture = ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
| best_direction = [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]
| best_direction_film = ''(Bhaag Milkha Bhaag)''
| best_actor = [[Farhan Akhtar]]
| best_actor_film = ''(Bhaag Milkha Bhaag)''
| best_actress = [[Deepika Padukone]]
| best_actress_film = ''([[Chennai Express]])''
| most_wins = ''Bhaag Milkha Bhaag'' (14)
| most_nominations = ''Bhaag Milkha Bhaag'' (19)
| channel = [[Star Plus]]
| network = [[Star India|STAR TV]]
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = [[14th IIFA Awards|14th]]
| next = 16th
}}
[[File:Raymond James Stadium (50898195996).jpg|thumb|The event was held at [[Raymond James Stadium]] in [[Tampa, Florida]], [[United States]].]]
The '''2014 IIFA Awards''', officially known as the '''15th International Indian Film Academy Awards''' ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honouring the [[Bollywood films of 2014|best Hindi films of 2014]], took place between 23 and 26 April 2014.<ref name="Bollyspice">{{cite web|url=http://bollyspice.com/76075/iifa-nominations-bhaag-milkhabhaag-leads-10|title=IIFA Nominations Announced and Bhaag Mikha Bhaag leads with 10!|publisher=Bollyspice|date=20 February 2014|accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref> The official ceremony took place on 26 April 2014 at the [[Raymond James Stadium]] in [[Tampa]], [[Florida]], in the [[United States]] for the first time. The ceremony was televised in [[India]] and internationally on [[Star Plus]] for the tenth & last consecutive year. The ceremony was co-hosted by actors [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Farhan Akhtar]], returning as hosts for the third and second time respectively.

'''IIFA Rocks''', otherwise known as the '''IIFA Music and Fashion Extravaganza''' took place on 25 April 2014. During the event, the technical awards were presented by actor [[Saif Ali Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iifa.com/highlight/iifa-toasts-winners-technical-awards-iifa-magic-movies/|title=IIFA toasts to winners of the Technical Awards at IIFA Magic of the Movies|publisher=[[International Indian Film Academy|IIFA]]|date=25 April 2014|accessdate=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427171631/http://www.iifa.com/highlight/iifa-toasts-winners-technical-awards-iifa-magic-movies/|archive-date=27 April 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' led the ceremony with 10 nominations, followed by ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'', ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'', and ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' with 7 nominations each, and ''[[Krrish 3]]'' with 5 nominations each.

''Bhaag Milkha Bhaag'' won 14 awards, including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (for [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]), [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (for [[Farhan Akhtar]]) and [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (for [[Divya Dutta]]), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

[[Deepika Padukone]] received triple nominations for [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for her performances in ''[[Chennai Express]]'', ''Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela'' and ''Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani'', winning for ''Chennai Express''.

==Winners and nominees==

===Popular awards===
{{multiple image
|align=right
|direction=vertical
|width=150
|image1=
|caption1=Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (''Best Movie'')
|image2=
|caption2= Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra (''Best Director'')
|image3=FarhanAkhtar.jpg
|caption3=Farhan Akhtar (''Best Actor'')
|image4=Deepika endorses Yamaha scooters 02.jpg
|caption4=Deepika Padukone (''Best Actress'')
|image5=Aditya Roy Kapur walks the ramp for Blackberry Night.jpg
|caption5=Aditya Roy Kapur (''Best Supporting Actor'')
|image6=
|caption6=Divya Dutta (''Best Supporting Actress'')
}}

{| class=wikitable style="width=150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Movie|''Best Picture'']]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''' – '''[[Reliance Entertainment]]'''''
* ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' – [[Yash Raj Films]]
* ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' – [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
* ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' – [[Eros International]]
* ''[[Krrish 3]]'' – [[Filmkraft Productions Pvt. Ltd]]
* ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'' – [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
* ''[[Chennai Express]]'' – [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
* [[Abhishek Kapoor]] – ''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
*[[Ayan Mukerji]] – ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
* [[Rakesh Roshan]] – ''[[Krrish 3]]''
* [[Rohit Shetty]] – ''[[Chennai Express]]''
* [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] – ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Farhan Akhtar]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''''' as '''[[Milkha Singh]]'''
* [[Hrithik Roshan]] '''– '''''[[Krrish 3]]'' as Rohit Mehra / Krishna Mehra ([[Krrish]])
* [[Ranbir Kapoor]] '''–''' ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' as Kabir "Bunny" Thapar
* [[Ranveer Singh]] – ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' as Ram Rajari
* [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] – ''[[Chennai Express]]'' as Rahul Mithaiwala
* [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] – ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'' as Ishaan Bhatt
|valign="top" |
* '''''[[Deepika Padukone]]''' – '''[[Chennai Express]]''''' as '''Meenalochni Azhagusundaram'''
* Deepika Padukone – ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' as Leela Sanera
* Deepika Padukone – ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' as Naina Talwar
* [[Nimrat Kaur]] – ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' as Ila
* [[Shraddha Kapoor]] – ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' as Aarohi Keshav Shirke
* [[Sonakshi Sinha]] – ''[[Lootera]]'' as Pakhi Roy Chaudhary

|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Aditya Roy Kapur]]''' – '''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''''' as '''Avinash "Avi" Arora'''
* [[Anupam Kher]] – ''[[Special 26]]'' as P. K. Sharma
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] – ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' as Shaikh
* [[Pawan Malhotra]] – ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' as Hawaldar (Constable) Gurudev Singh
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] – ''[[Jolly LLB]]'' as Justice Tripathi
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Divya Dutta]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''''' as '''Ishri Kaur'''
* [[Kalki Koechlin]] – ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' as Aditi Mehra
* [[Kangana Ranaut]] – ''[[Krrish 3]]'' as Kaya
* [[Richa Chadda]] – ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' as Rasila
* [[Shruti Haasan]] – ''[[D-Day (2013 film)|D-Day]]'' as Suraiya
* [[Swara Bhaskar]] – ''[[Raanjhanaa]]'' as Bindiya
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Male Debutant Star]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Female Debutant Star]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Dhanush]]''''' – '''''[[Raanjhanaa]]''''' as '''Kundan'''
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Vaani Kapoor]]''' – '''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]''''' as '''Tara'''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance in a Negative Role]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Arshad Warsi]]''' – '''[[Jolly LLB]]''''' as '''Jagdish Tyagi (Jolly)'''
* [[Ritesh Deshmukh]] – ''[[Grand Masti]]'' as Amar Saxena
* [[Varun Sharma]] – ''[[Fukrey]]'' as Choocha (Dilip Singh)
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Rishi Kapoor]]''' – '''[[Aurangzeb (film)|Aurangzeb]]''''' as '''DCP Ravikant, HPS'''
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] – ''[[D-Day (2013 film)|D-Day]]'' as Iqbal Seth alias Goldman
* [[Supriya Pathak]] – ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' as Dhankor Baa Sanera
* [[Vivek Oberoi]] – ''[[Krrish 3]]'' as Kaal

|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | Debutant Director
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Prasoon Joshi]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
* Pubali Chaudhari, Supratik Sen, [[Abhishek Kapoor]], [[Chetan Bhagat]] – ''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
* [[Ritesh Batra]] – ''[[The Lunchbox]]''
| valign="top" |
|-
|}

===Special awards===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category || Recipient(s)
|-
|'''[[IIFA Awards|IIFA Award for Outstanding Contribution to Indian Cinema]]''' ||'''''[[Shatrughan Sinha]]'''''
|-
|'''[[IIFA Awards|IIFA Award for Outstanding Achievement in International Cinema]] '''|| '''''[[John Travolta]]'''''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/iifa-2014-john-travolta-kevin-spacey-star-in-bollywood-oscars-515136 |title=IIFA 2014: John Travolta, Kevin Spacey star in 'Bollywood Oscars' - NDTV |access-date=24 July 2014 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090849/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/iifa-2014-john-travolta-kevin-spacey-star-in-bollywood-oscars-515136 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[IIFA Awards|IIFA Award for Entertainer of the Year]] '''|| '''''[[Deepika Padukone]]'''''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1PW5XPMWoE | title=- YouTube | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>
|}

===Musical awards===

{| class=wikitable style="width=150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Direction]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Aashiqui 2]]''' – '''[[Mithoon]]''', '''[[Ankit Tiwari]]''', '''[[Jeet Ganguly]]'''''
* [[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]] – [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
* [[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]] – [[Pritam Chakraborty]]
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Tum Hi Ho]]''' from '''[[Aashiqui 2]]''' – '''[[Mithoon]]'''''
* "O Rangrez" from [[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]] – [[Prasoon Joshi]]
* "[[Sunn Raha Hai]]" from Aashiqui 2 – [[Sandeep Nath]]

|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width="50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width="50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Arijit Singh]]''' for '''[[Tum Hi Ho]]''' – '''[[Aashiqui 2]]'''''
* [[Ankit Tiwari]] for "[[Sunn Raha Hai]]" – Aashiqui 2
* [[Siddharth Mahadevan]] for "[[Zinda (song)|Zinda]]" – [[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Shreya Ghoshal]]''' for '''Sunn Raha Hai''' – '''[[Aashiqui 2]]'''''
* [[Bhoomi Trivedi]] for "[[Ram Chahe Leela]]" – [[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]
* [[Monali Thakur]] for "Sawar Loon" – [[Lootera]]
* Shreya Ghoshal for "O Rangrez" – [[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | Best Sound Design
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''Nakul Kamte''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
|}

===Technical awards===

{| class=wikitable style="width=150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''Sham Kaushal & Tony Ching Siu Tung''' – '''[[Krrish 3]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''Keitan Yadav & Haresh Hingorani''' '''(Red Chillies VFX)''' – '''[[Krrish 3]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Remo D'Souza]]''' – '''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Binod Pradhan]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Dolly Ahluwalia]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Prasoon Joshi]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''P. S. Bharti''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''Vikram Gaikwad''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Production Design]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Wasiq Khan]]''' – '''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Prasoon Joshi]]''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | Best Sound Mixing
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''Anup Dev''' – '''[[Chennai Express]]''', '''''Debajit Changmai''''' – '''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''''Vinod Verma''' for "'''[[Lungi Dance]]'''" – '''[[Chennai Express]]'''''
|}

==Hindi Films with multiple nominations==

*19: ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
*8: ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
*7: ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'', ''[[Krrish 3]]'' and ''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
*6: ''[[Chennai Express]]''
*4: ''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
*3: ''[[The Lunchbox]]''
*2: ''[[D-Day (2013 film)|D-Day]]'', ''[[Lootera]]'' and ''[[Jolly LLB]]''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Films with multiple nominations
! scope="col" style="width:55px;" |Nominations
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Film
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center" |10
|''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |7
|''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
|-
|''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
|-
|''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
|-
|5
|''[[Krrish 3]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |4
|''[[Chennai Express]]''
|-
|''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
|-
|3
|''[[The Lunchbox]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" |2
|[[D-Day (2013 film)|''D-Day'']]
|-
|''[[Jolly LLB]]''
|-
|''[[Lootera]]''
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Films with multiple awards
! scope="col" style="width:55px;" |Awards
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Film
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center" |14
|''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center" |4
|''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
|-
|3
|''[[Chennai Express]]''
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2
|''[[Krrish 3]]''
|-
|2
|''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
|}

==Hindi Films with multiple awards==

*14: ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
*4: ''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
*3: ''[[Chennai Express]]''
*2: ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'', ''[[Krrish 3]]''

==See also==

*[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
*[[Bollywood]]
*[[Cinema of India]]

==External links==

{{IIFA Awards}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2004 Iifa Awards}}
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards|*]]
[[Category:2014 film awards|Ifa Awards]]
[[Category:2014 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:2014 in Florida]]
[[Category:21st century in Tampa, Florida]]

Mi Dolkara Daryacha Raja

2025-10-23T13:09:42Z

Bhupendra: made new details - done

{{Short description|Marathi-language song by Lata Mangeshkar and Hemant Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Mi Dolkara Daryacha Raja
| type = song
| artist = [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Hemant Kumar]]
| album = Geet Shilp Marathi Geete
| language = Marathi
| genre = [[Koli Geet|Koli geet]]
| length = {{Duration|m=7|s=21}}
| label = [[Saregama|Saregama India Ltd]] A RSGP Group Company
| writer = [[Shanta Shelke]]
| composer = [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]]
| lyricist =
}}

"'''Mi Dolkara Daryacha Raja'''" is a 1969 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language song sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Hemant Kumar]], with lyrics by [[Shanta Shelke]]. Composed by [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kusnur |first=Narendra |date=2021-07-01 |title=Hemant Kumar — The voice behind haunting melodies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/that-sweet-haunting-voice/article35077793.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830044152/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/that-sweet-haunting-voice/article35077793.ece |archive-date=2022-08-30 |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |quote=Hemant Kumar’s Hindi film career slowed down in the 70s, but he reamined a huge name in Rabindra Sangeet, also composing for Bengali films. He sang in other languages too, with the 1969 Marathi duet with Lata, ‘Mi dolkar daryacha raja’, composed by Hridaynath Mangeshkar, becoming a big hit. His voice still stirs fans whether they listen to the Bengali song ‘Dagor dagor chokhe’ or ‘Ya dil ki suno’.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मी डोलकर डोलकर |url=https://www.aathavanitli-gani.com/Song/Mi_Dolkar_Dolkar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216133709/https://www.aathavanitli-gani.com/Song/Mi_Dolkar_Dolkar |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Aathavanitli Gani}}</ref>

==Development==
In [[West Bengal]], the ‘[[Kahar|Kahars]]’—who carry palanquins on their shoulders—sing in a distinct rhythm for their own enjoyment. [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]], having heard these songs, decided to create a [[Koli Geet|Koli song]] with a similar rhythm. He approached [[Shanta Shelke]] to write lyrics about the life of the [[Koli people|Kolis]].<ref name=":1" />

Shanta Shelke composed a song that blends Marathi and [[Konkani language|Konkani]], carefully crafted after observing the lives and mindset of the fishermen, both men and women, as well as the geography and social dynamics of the [[Konkan]] region. The composition reflects his in-depth study over several days. The song's music incorporates a rhythmic pattern, with the [[Chorus (audio effect)|chorus]] prominently featuring the lines ‘Valhav Re Nakhava’.<ref name=":1" />

This song, first broadcast on the radio in 1969, became an instant hit and received widespread acclaim.<ref name=":0" />

==Reception==

Kailas Kamod of ''[[Sakal]]'' praises the song for its exquisite musical composition, which beautifully captures both the serene and tumultuous moods of the sea. Additionally, he commends Lata Mangeshkar's skillful use of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] pronunciation, which adds a distinct rhythm to the piece. Kamod writes, "When listening to the lines ‘Valhav Re Nakhava,’ the rhythm created evokes the sensation of being in a boat, gently swaying on calm waves."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kamod |first=Kailas |date=2024-06-23 |title=मी डोलकर दर्याचा राजा... |url=https://www.esakal.com/saptarang/maharashtra-folk-music-koli-songs-entertainment-kokan-beach-pjp78 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623050550/https://www.esakal.com/saptarang/maharashtra-folk-music-koli-songs-entertainment-kokan-beach-pjp78 |archive-date=2024-06-23 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Sakal |language=mr}}</ref> ''[[Loksatta]]'' praising the emotional depth and musical structure of the song, highlight how the melody shifts from intense, expansive highs to introspective, calming lows.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-21 |title=मी डोलकर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/viva/play-list-of-this-week-1133530/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216152546/https://www.loksatta.com/viva/play-list-of-this-week-1133530/ |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

==Influence==
The tune of the song was adapted for the Tamil song "Vanthenda Paalkaaran" from the film ''[[Annaamalai]]'' (1992). Composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] and sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], the song used the folk melody to elevate [[Rajinikanth]]'s [[Action hero|mass hero]] image.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |date=2018-11-20 |title=The Kannada And Marathi Roots Of Rajinikanth's First Hero Introduction Song |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/the-kannada-and-marathi-roots-of-rajinikanths-first-hero-introduction-song |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211080517/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/the-kannada-and-marathi-roots-of-rajinikanths-first-hero-introduction-song |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

The tune was also reused in 1990 Hindi song "I Love You" for the soundtrack of [[Maha-Sangram|''Mahasangram'']] film.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1969 songs]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Marathi]]
[[Category:Lata Mangeshkar songs]]
[[Category:Male–female vocal duets]]
[[Category:Marathi songs remade in other languages]]

K. Rajagopal (film editor)

2025-09-13T16:37:00Z

Bhupendra:

{{short description|Indian film editor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = K. Rajagopal
| image = File:Rajagopal1.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Rajagopal holding a [[35 mm movie film|35mm film reel]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1952|07|24}}
| birth_place = [[Panangattiri]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Film editor
| years_active = 1976–present
| spouse = Linda Janet
}}
'''K. Rajagopal''' is an [[India|Indian]] film editor who has worked predominantly in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref name='msidb'>{{Cite web|url=https://msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=editor&artist=K%20Rajagopal|title=കെ രാജഗോപാൽ|publisher=msidb}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2025}}<ref name='m3db'>{{Cite web|url=https://m3db.com/artists/23030|title=കെ രാജഗോപാൽ|publisher=m3db}}</ref> He has achieved [[P. A. Backer]] Award for the editing of [[Celluloid (film)|Celluloid]] in 2012,<ref name="mathrubhumi-ക">{{Cite news|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/movies/malayalam/135356/|title=Ranjith gets P A Backer award|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801075235/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/movies/malayalam/135356/|archive-date=2014-08-01}}</ref> [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] for the editing of [[Oru Indian Pranayakadha]] in 2013<ref name='ibtimes'>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-film-awards-mohanlal039s-039drishyam039-fahadh-lal-and-suraj-bag-awards-complete-list-of-winners-548764|title=Kerala State Film Awards: Mohanlal's 'Drishyam', Fahadh, Lal and Suraj Bag Awards [Complete List of Winners|date=20 April 2014 |publisher=ibtimes}}</ref><ref name='currentaffairsonline'>{{Cite web|url=http://www.currentaffairsonline.in/news.php?id=3497&news=Kerala%20State%20Film%20Awards%202013%20announced|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2013 announced|publisher=currentaffairsonline}}</ref><ref name='netindian'>{{Cite web|url=http://netindian.in/news/2014/04/19/00028866/fahadh-faasil-lal-share-best-actor-award-kerala-film-awards|title=Fahad Faasil, Lal share Best Actor award in Kerala Film Award|publisher=netindian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m3db.com/film/32881|title=ഒരു ഇന്ത്യൻ പ്രണയകഥ - Oru Indian Pranayakadha (Malayalam Movie) – M3DB.COM|website=m3db.com}}</ref> and Film Producers Association Award for the editing of [[Celluloid (film)|Celluloid]] in 2012.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/latest-news/389380|title=നിര്‍മാതാക്കളുടെ സംഘടനയുടെ ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാര്‍ഡ് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു|website=Deshabhimani}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rajagopal was born to Mathakkode Veettil Krishnan Kutty and Kunnampalli Veettil Padmavathy at [[Panangattiri]]. He is married to Linda Janet. He completed his primary education at Panangattiri UP School and [[Kollengode, Palakkad|Kollengode]] Raja's High School.<ref name='msidb'/>

==Filmography==
Since 1971, he started his career with G. Venkittaraman, senior [[Malayalam]] film editor and worked as his assistant in more than 200 [[Malayalam]] films. Theere Pratheekshikkathe was his first independent work in 1984.<ref name='msidb'/><ref name='malayalachalachithram'>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1649|title=തീരെ പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കാതെ (1984)|publisher=malayalachalachithram}}</ref>

===As Assistant Editor===
Worked under G. Venkitaraman
*''[[Vilkkanundu Swapnangal]]'' (1980)
*''[[Aarathi (film)|Aarathi]]'' (1981)
*''[[Kurukkante Kalyanam]]'' (1982)
*''[[Appunni]]'' (1984)
===Partial filmography===
*[[Adhyayam Onnu Muthal|''Adhyayam Onnu Muthal'']] (1985)
*[[Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam|''Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam'']] (1986)
*[[Revathikkoru Pavakkutty|''Revathikkoru Pavakkutty'']] (1986)
*[[Manja Manthrangal|''Manja Manthrangal'']] (1987)
*[[P.C. 369|''P.C. 369'']] (1987)
*''[[Pattanapravesham]]'' (1988)
*[[Unnikrishnante Adyathe Christmas|''Unnikrishnante Adyathe Christmas'']] (1988)
*''[[Kudumbapuranam]]'' (1988)
*''[[Varavelpu]]'' (1989)
*''[[Artham]]'' (1989)
*[[Khuli Khidki|''Khuli Khidki'']] (1989)
*[[Peruvannapurathe Visheshangal|''Peruvannapurathe Visheshangal'']] (1989)
*''[[Mazhavilkavadi]]'' (1989)
*''[[Kanana Sundari]]'' (1989)

== Awards ==
* [[P. A. Backer]]<ref name="mathrubhumi-ക"/>
* [[Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref name="m3db"/><ref name='netindian'/>
* 2014-Film Producers Association Award.<ref name="deshabhimani"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1474851|K. Rajagopal}}
* [http://www.ranker.com/list/films-edited-by-k-rajagopal/reference റാങ്കർ.കോം - കെ.രാജഗോപാൽ എഡിറ്റു ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012649/http://www.ranker.com/list/films-edited-by-k-rajagopal/reference |date=15 July 2014 }}
* [https://www.moviebuff.com/k-rajagopal Moviebuff-കെ.രാജഗോപാൽ എഡിറ്റു ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക]
* [https://mubi.com/cast/k-rajagopal-2 Mubi.com-കെ.രാജഗോപാൽ എഡിറ്റു ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajagopal, K.}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Malayalam film editors]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Film editors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
{{film-editor-stub}}
{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Manoj Guinness

2025-07-26T13:14:43Z

Bhupendra: made new entry - done

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manoj Guinness
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_name = Manoj
| birth_place = Karimugal, [[Ambalamedu]], [[Kochi]], India
| alma_mater =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian}}
| years_active = 1991–present
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
}}
'''Manoj Guinness''' is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in [[Malayalam film]]s, television and stage shows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/manoj-guinness/1070261|title = Manoj Guiness [sic] - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Manoj hails from [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]]. He did his schooling from Govt High School Ambalamugal and Gateway High School and completed his college education from [[Al-Ameen College, Edathala]], [[Aluva]]. During his school and college days, Manoj performed Mimicry on stage. He has three siblings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinetrooth.in/2016/01/18/manoj-guinness-actor-profile-and-biography/|title=Cinetrooth.in}}</ref> His younger brother Ajith appeared in ‘Elayanila’ and ‘Minnale’ aired in Jeevan TV. Ajith worked as scriptwriter for the film ‘[[Money Ratnam]]’ which had Fahad Faasil in lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/279263 |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=14 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214230247/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/279263 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is married and has one child and currently resides in his hometown Karimugal, Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://origin.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/279263 |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918121759/http://origin.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/279263 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Guinness started his career as a mimicry artist in [[Cochin]] Century. He later shifted to Cochin Guinness, a popular mimicry troupe. He appeared in numerous stage shows worldwide.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?7354 | title=D 31th [2016] }}</ref>

He also performed as the lead in the TV show [[Badai Bungalow]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/women/work-and-life/saju-navodaya.html | title=ഷാജി ഈ വീടിന്റെ ഐശ്വര്യം }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Director !! Note
|-
|| 2002 || ''[[Mazhathullikkilukkam]]'' ||Horse rider || Akbar -Jose ||
|-
|| 2007 || ''[[Nasrani (film)|Nasrani]]'' || Uncredited role|| [[Joshiy]] ||
|-
|| 2007 || ''[[Chocolate (2007 film)|Chocolate]]''|| Chakkyarkuthukaran || [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]] ||
|-
|| 2011 || ''Aazhakadal'' ||Uncredited role||Shaan ||
|-
|| 2015 || ''[[My God (film)|My God]]'' || Chacko || [[M. Mohanan]] ||
|-
|| 2016 || ''Angane Thanne Nethave Anjettennam Pinnale'' || Rahul ||Ajith Poojapura ||
|-
|| 2016 || ''[[Oru Muthassi Gadha]]'' || || [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] ||
|-
|| 2016 || ''[[Kavi Uddheshichathu..?]]'' || Ithilkanni || Liju Thomas ||
|-
|| 2017 || ''Prethamundu Sookshikkuka'' || || Mohammed Ali, Shafeer Khan ||
|-
|| 2017 || ''Cappaccino'' || || Noushad || Post-production
|-
|| 2017 || ''Mask'' || || Thief ||
|-
||2018 || ''Chakkara Mavin Kombath'' ||Kavi Sasi || ||
|-
|| 2018 || ''[[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]]'' || || Dijo Jose Antony ||
|-
|| 2018 || ''[[Ladoo (film)|Ladoo]]'' ||Lovlesh || Arungeorge K David ||
|-
|| 2019 || ''Bhayam'' || Biju || Ajith C Lokesh ||
|-
|| 2019 || ''Charminar'' || Valsan || Ajith C Lokesh ||
|-
|| 2019 || ''[[Adhyarathri]]'' || Kunjatta || Jibu Jacob ||
|-
|| 2019 || ''[[Pathamclassile prenayam]]'' || joye || Nithish k Nair ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Muddy (film)|Muddy]]'' || Shajikuttan || Dr. Pragabhal ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam action thriller Muddy to release on December 10 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/oct/16/malayalam-action-thriller-muddy-to-release-on-dec-10-2372014.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The New Indian Express|date=16 October 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Channel !! Note
|-

|2005-2010||[[Cinemala]]||writer and various roles||Asianet||Comedy series
|-
|2013- 2020||[[Badai Bungalow]] season 1,2||Manoj(various roles)||Asianet||Comedy talk show
|-
|2020-2021||''[[Funny Nights with Pearle Maaney]]''||Manoj|| Zee Keralam||Comedy Talk show
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guinness, Manoj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Wancho Naga

2025-07-07T14:22:47Z

Bhupendra: stub - done

{{Short description|Tribe in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Wancho
| image = Wancho diorama.JPG
| caption = Diorama and [[wax figures]] of Wancho people in [[Jawaharlal Nehru Museum, Itanagar]].
| total = 56,866 (2011 census)
| total_ref =
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>
| popplace = {{flag|India}} ([[Arunachal Pradesh]])
| languages = [[Wancho language|Wancho]]
| religions = [[Christianity]], [[Animism]], [[Hinduism]]
| related = [[Naga people|Naga]], [[Nocte people|Nocte]], [[Konyak people|Konyak]]
}}
{{Naga people}}
The '''Wancho people''', also known as the '''Wancho Naga''', are a [[Tibeto-Burmese]] indigenous [[ethnic group]] inhabiting the [[Patkai]] hills of [[Longding district]] in the [[Northeast India]]n state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. The [[Wancho language]] belongs to the [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] family under [[Northern Naga languages]].

==Origin==
Wancho [[Naga people|Naga]] are ethnically related to the [[Nocte people|Nocte]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Konyak people|Konyak]] of [[Nagaland]].

== Religion ==

Unlike other Naga, the Wancho, together with the Nocte and a small minority of the Konyak, still retain the belief of [[Animism]]. These Animist Wancho believe in the existence of two powerful deities, Rang and Baurang.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Christianity has gained some followers among the Wancho, many of whom belong to the [[Baptists|Baptist]] or [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] denominations. Acceptance of Christianity has largely to do with influence from the Nagas of [[Nagaland]], as well as changing perspectives towards headhunting. However, this has also resulted in the decline in many aspects of their traditional culture, which has strong associations with religion.<ref>{{cite book|title=Between Ethnography and Fiction: Verrier Elwin and the Tribal Question in India|author=Tanka Bahadur Subba, Sujit Som, K. C. Baral, North Eastern Hill University Dept. of Anthropology|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|pages=6, 173–8|year=2005|isbn=8125028129}}</ref>

As per the 2001 census, 10% of the Wancho claimed to be Hindu and 16% Animist.
By the time of the 2011 census, only 2.55% of the Wancho claimed to be Hindu and 0.55% Animist.

== Culture ==

Tattooing plays an important part in Wancho culture. According to tradition, a man is tattooed on his four limbs and his entire face, with the exception of certain regions around the eyes and the lips. The women adorn themselves with necklaces and bangles, along with some light tattooing as well.

The prime festival of the Wancho is Oriah, a spring festival held in March or April, for a period of six to twelve days, interspersed with prayer, songs and dances. Villagers exchange bamboo tubes filled with rice beer as a mark of greeting and goodwill. Pork skin is then offered to the village chief as a mark of respect. This festival continues for several days as [[Slash-and-burn|jhum]] paddies are sown, pigs, buffaloes and [[gayal]]s are sacrificed, and feasts are arranged in each and every murung (dormitory). Boys and girls, wearing ceremonial costumes, sing and dance during Oriah. People dance around a "Jangban", a long ceremonial pole planted during Oriah.<ref>{{cite book|title=Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteers|author=Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh|publisher=Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh|pages=83–5|year=1980}}</ref> A common day for celebrating Oriah began in 1975, with the government of Arunachal Pradesh eventually fixing the day to be 16 February.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2022/02/14/oriah-the-festival-of-wanchos/ |title=Oriah: The festival of Wanchos |date=14 February 2022 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

== Lifestyle ==

The Wancho are traditionally governed by a council of elderly chieftains, known as Wangham or Wangsa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Democracy in NEFA|author=Verrier Elwin|publisher=North-East Frontier Agency|year=1965|page=177}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nnp/ Wancho Naga language profile on Ethnologue]
* [http://www.webindia123.com/craft/state/aruna/craft.html Arts - Wood carving]
* [http://www.neuenhofer.de/guenter/Arunachal/arutext2.html Eine Reise durch das südliche Arunachal]

{{Naga tribes}}
{{Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Tirap district]]
[[Category:People from Longding district]]
[[Category:Headhunting]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]

Govind Ram Sharma

2025-06-06T09:18:03Z

Bhupendra: starting basic biography added tags

{{Short description|Political figure and leader}}
{{promotional|date=November 2024}}
[[File:PT. Govind Ram Sharma.jpg|thumb|upright=0.60|Sharma in July 2024]]
[[File:Pandit Govind Ram.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Govind ram ji.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Pandit govind ram ji.jpg|thumb]]
'''Pandit Govind Ram Sharma''' (17 August 1930 – 22 April 2024) was an Indian politician and a social reformer. He was a minister in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was born on 17 August 1930 in Maira Mandrian. He had a political career spanning over seven decades.

==Political career==
Sharma's career began in 1951 as a Panchayat member. Over the decades, he played an active role in state politics and was elected as an MLA from the Akhnoor Assembly constituency twice, in 1987 and 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=2024-04-23 |title=Former minister Govind Ram passes away |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/former-minister-govind-ram-passes-away/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Files |first=The System |date=2024-04-27 |title=The Revolutionary leader Pt. Govind Ram Sharma |url=https://thesystemfiles.com/2024/04/27/the-revolutionary-leader-pt-govind-ram-sharma/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=The System Files |language=en-US}}</ref>

Sharma contested his last election in year 2008 as a BJP candidate. He played a role in 2014 election, where he was instrumental in ensuring the BJP's victory in Akhnoor constituency. He is the only MLA from the Akhnoor constituency to have secured a victory as an independent candidate. He died on 22 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akhnoor (Jammu & Kashmir) Assembly Constituency Elections Results, Localities, Candidate Lists, Current MLA |url=https://electiontrends.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/akhnoor |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=electiontrends.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-23 |title=Former Minister and veteran politician, Pt. Govind Ram Sharma passes away at 95 |url=https://statetimes.in/former-minister-and-veteran-politician-pt-govind-ram-sharma-passes-away-at-95/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Statetimes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=2014-07-20 |title=Govind Ram asks people to uproot Cong |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/govind-ram-asks-people-uproot-cong/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{improve categories|date=November 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Govind Ram}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 1996–2002]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 1987–1996]]
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:Independent politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:People from Jammu district]]

National Highway 167BG (India)

2025-02-28T19:26:30Z

Bhupendra: general enhanced intro to improve readability and corrected details

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 167BG
|map ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=8|frame-lat=15|frame-long=79.37|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q62598004|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 167BG}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes=Map of the National Highway in red
| length_km = 104.4
| direction_a = West
| direction_b = East
| terminus_a = [[Seetharamapuram]]
| terminus_b = [[Kavali]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 67
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 167B 
| next_route = 16 
| states = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 167BG''', commonly referred to as '''NH 167BG''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/189795.pdf|title=New national highways declaration notification|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|secondary]] route of [[National Highway 67 (India)|National Highway 67]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> NH-167BG runs in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>

== Route ==
NH167BG starts with it Junction with NH167B at [[Seetharamapuram]], [[Udayagiri, Nellore district|Udayagiri]], [[Duttalur]] and terminating at its junction with NH16 at [[Kavali]] in the state of Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|167B|country=IND}} Terminal near Seetharamapuram.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|565|country=IND}} near Duttalur
: {{jct|NH|16|country=IND}} Terminal near Kavali.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/8780782 NH 167BG on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH67 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Sonchalida

2025-01-14T18:47:16Z

Bhupendra: add page to improve readability per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sonchalida
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 1,896
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_total_km2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713121
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 0342
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhatar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatar]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| other_name =
| subdivision_type = Country
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|25|28.0|N|87|48|43.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| area_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Sonchalida''' is a village in [[Bhatar (community development block)|Bhatar]], a [[Community development block in India|Community development block]] in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.

==Demographics==
The village has an area of 161.56 hectares and a population of 1,896. There are about 420 houses.<ref name="census3-2011">{{cite web|title=2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html|accessdate=26 February 2017|work=West Bengal – District-wise|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman|url=http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|archive-date=21 January 2019|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=Table 2.2|publisher=Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Series 20 Part XII A, Census of India 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf|accessdate=21 January 2019|work=Page 637: Map of Bhatar CD Block|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Particulars
!Total
!Male
!Female
|-
|Total no. of houses
|'''420'''
| -
| -
|-
|Population
|'''1,896'''
|946
|950
|-
|Child (0–6)
|'''195'''
|97
|98
|-
|Schedule Caste
|'''658'''
|330
|328
|-
|Schedule Tribe
|'''477'''
|235
|242
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]

{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}

St. Paul's Church, Bangalore

2024-12-02T16:01:09Z

Bhupendra: general fixed page and cleaned formatting for consistency

#REDIRECT [[St. Paul's Church, Bengaluru]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

G. V. Krishna Reddy

2024-11-30T12:43:15Z

Bhupendra: enhanced structure and fixed typos for clarity

#REDIRECT [[G. V. K. Reddy]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Ambadagatti

2024-09-24T07:22:26Z

Bhupendra: small cleaned up intro per standard format and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2023}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ambadagatti
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|38|13.5|N|74|44|9.1|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Ambadagatti''' is a village in [[Belgaum district]] in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place//@15.637083,74.735861,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0!5m1!1e4?hl=en | title=Google Maps }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Settlements in Belgaum district}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{Belgaum-geo-stub}}

Thozha (film)

2024-01-15T17:52:31Z

Bhupendra: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Thozha]]{{R from incomplete disambiguation}}

Bhaon

2024-01-06T06:33:14Z

Bhupendra: put up

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Bhāon
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Rahi block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Bhaon (#495) in Rahi CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.120064|N|81.263746|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Search for "Bhaon" here |title=Geographic Names Search WebApp }}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country India
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.85
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4161
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhaon''' is a village in [[Rahi, Raebareli|Rahi]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=219–43 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> It is located 9 km<ref name="Census 1981"/> south of [[Rae Bareli]], the district headquarters, on the road to [[Allahabad]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Rai Bareli: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXIX Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |page=159 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.17389/page/n175 |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> It is located on level ground and the soil is very fertile.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 4,161 people, in 758 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Bhaon hosts markets twice a week, on Mondays and Fridays, at the Achalganj bazar.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> The main trade is in grain and [[goat]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The village also hosts a [[mela]] annually on [[Asvina]] Sudi 14–15.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

==History==
According to legend, Bhaon was founded by Bhawan, the brother of the [[Bhar]] chieftain Dal.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> The Bhars had a fort in the town which was demolished in 820 [[Hijri year|AH]] by [[Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur|Ibrahim Shah]] of the [[Jaunpur Sultanate]], who then built a new masonry fort on the site.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> However, the Jaunpur fort no longer exists.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> The place was originally given to Burhan-ud-Din Qittal, but it later became part of the [[Bais (Rajput clan)|Bais]] Rana of [[Khajurgaon]]'s landed estates.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> In the early 19th century, a masonry mosque was built at Bhaon by Sheikh Abdus Samad.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Bhaon was described as being surrounded by orchards; it was no longer an important centre, and the old Jaunpur fort no longer existed at that point.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> The population in 1901 was 1,456 people, including a Muslim minority of 330.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Bhaon as comprising 8 hamlets, with a total population of 1,599 people (816 male and 783 female), in 346 households and 313 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=168–9, 173, xlviii-xlix of section "Rae Bareli Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 940 [[acre]]s and it had a post office at that point.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Average attendance of the Achalganj market was about 500 people and attendance of the annual mela was also about 500 people.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Bhaon (as "Bhaonw") as having a population of 2,148 people, in 426 households, and having an area of 384.87 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=98–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

Yakkara

2023-12-11T19:57:20Z

Bhupendra:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yakkara
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Suburb
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Palakkad District
| coordinates = {{coord|10.7566062|N|76.6497668|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Palakkad Municipality
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code =6780013,678701
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbering plan|Telephone code]]
| area_code = 91-0491
| registration_plate = KL 09
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Kerala Assembly]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Palakkad_(State_Assembly_constituency)|Palakkad]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Palakkad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)|Palakkad]]

| image_skyline = Yakkara river view.jpg
}}

Yakkara, is an area in the city of [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is located approximately 4 kilometers from the city centre and is predominantly segregated as West Yakkara and East Yakkara.[[Government Medical College, Palakkad]] is located in East Yakkara.<ref>{{Cite news |title=OP wing of Plkd medical college to start on Jan 20 {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/op-wing-of-plkd-medical-college-to-start-on-jan-20/articleshow/80190933.cms |access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref>

It is said that in ancient times, Yagas were performed on the Banks of the River Shokanasini (Bharathapuzha).{{By who?|date=July 2021}} Thus the area came to be known as ‘Yaga-kara’ which later came to be known as ‘Yakkara’<ref>{{cite book |title= The terms Yakkara was formed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_II5DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Yakkara%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA320 |date = September 2017|publisher = Info Kerala Communications Pvt|isbn = 9788193456705}}</ref>

Yakkara belongs to [[Palakkad (State Assembly constituency)| Palakkad Assembly]] constituency in the Kerala Legislature.

Shri [[Shafi Parambil]] of the Indian National Congress (INC) was elected as the Member of Legislative assembly from this constituency in 2021 Kerala Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parambil |first1=Shafi |title=Legislature Member page, Kerala Assembly |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/13kla/members/shafi_parambil.htm |publisher=GoK}}</ref> It is a part of the [[Palakkad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)|Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency]], represented by Shri V K Sreekandan

==Places of interest==
Sree Vishveshwara temple is said to be founded by Sri Narayana Guru. {{By who?|date=July 2021}} Thottingal family members provided land and the founder members were from Thottingal family.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yakkara Temple on Wikimapia |url=http://wikimapia.org/16287209/Sree-Vishveshwara-Temple-Yakkara-Temple |website=Wikimapia}}</ref> The Bharathapuzha river flows through the West Yakkara village and St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church is situated on the DPO Road.

An Airport was proposed by government agencies to be located in Yakkara. The district administration had identified 60 acres of land for this purpose. The aim was that, the Airport will connect the district headquarters with international airports and major cities in the State.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airport|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052162250900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526015312/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052162250900.htm|archive-date=26 May 2011}}</ref>

<gallery>
NH_544.jpg|National Highway 544 near Yakkara, Palakkad Medical College at the background
Yakkara_Bridge.jpg|Road Bridge over River Yakkara
Riverside_Palakkad.jpg| Yakkara Riverside view
Holy_Trinity_Church,_Yakkara.jpg | Holy Trinity Church, near Yakkara Puzhakkal
Malabar_Hospital.jpg | Malabar Hospital
</gallery>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Palakkad| ]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Palakkad]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Palakkad district]]