Tamil language

2022-03-07T15:16:36Z

Bhavekad:

{{Infobox language
| name = Tamil
| nativename = {{lang|ta|தமிழ்}} ''{{transl|ta|ISO|Tamiḻ}}''
| pronunciation = {{IPA-ta|t̪amiɻ|}}; {{Audio|Tamil.ogg|pronunciation|help=}}
| states = [[India]] [[Sri Lanka]]
| ethnicity = [[Tamil people]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|75|2}} million
| date = 2011–2015
| ref = <ref name="Ethnologue_tam">{{e22|tam}}</ref><ref name=2011census>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf | title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011 |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073426/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live | publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] }}</ref>
| speakers2 = [[Second language|L2 speakers]]: {{sigfig|5.95|1}} million<ref name="Ethnologue_tam"/>
| familycolor = Dravidian
| fam2 = [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]
| fam3 = [[Tamil–Kannada languages|Tamil–Kannada]]
| fam4 = [[Tamil–Kodagu languages|Tamil–Kodagu]]
| fam5 = [[Middle Tamil|Tamil–Malayalam]]
| fam6 = [[Tamil languages]]
| ancestor = [[Old Tamil language|Old Tamil]]
| ancestor2 = [[Middle Tamil language|Middle Tamil]]
| script = [[Tamil script|Tamil]] ([[Brahmic scripts|Brahmic]]) [[Tamil-Brahmi]] (historical) [[Grantha script|Grantha]] (historical) [[Vatteluttu alphabet|Vatteluttu]] (historical) [[Pallava script|Pallava]] (historical) [[Kolezhuthu]] (historical) [[Arwi]] ([[Arabic alphabet|Abjad]]) [[Tamil Braille]] ([[Bharati Braille|Bharati]]) [[Latin script]] (informal)
| nation = {{flag|India}}: 
* [[Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="TN">{{Citation|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/welcometn.htm |title=Official languages of Tamil Nadu |access-date=1 May 2007 |work=Tamil Nadu Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021154022/http://www.tn.gov.in/welcometn.htm |archive-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<ref>{{citation |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India: 50th report (delivered to the Lokh Sabha in 2014) |page=155 |publisher=National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=8 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
----{{flag|Sri Lanka}} {{flag|Singapore}} 
'''Organizations''' 
{{flag|ASEAN}}<ref>{{citation|url=http://asean.org/asean/asean-member-states|title=Languages of ASEAN|access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref>
| minority = {{flag|Malaysia}}<ref name="MS">{{Citation|url=http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall_print.jsp?id=632&idioma=5 |title=School languages |access-date=26 March 2016 |publisher=LINGUAMON |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902021816/http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall_print.jsp?id=632&idioma=5 |archive-date=2 September 2015 }}</ref> {{flag|South Africa}}<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions |publisher= South African Government|website=www.gov.za}}</ref>
| iso1 = ta
| iso2 = tam
| lc1 = tam
| ld1 = Modern Tamil
| lc2 = oty
| ld2 = Old Tamil
| linglist = oty
| lingname = Old Tamil
| lingua = 49-EBE-a
| image = Word Tamil.svg
| map = Idioma tamil.png
| mapcaption =
| notice = IPA
| sign = [[Signed Tamil]]
| glotto = tami1289
| glottoname = Modern Tamil
| glottorefname = Tamil
| glotto2 = oldt1248
| glottoname2 = Old Tamil
}}
'''Tamil''' is the oldest [[Dravidian language]].<ref>{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|m|ɪ|l}} Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> It is spoken in the [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Puducherry]] states of [[India]] and parts of [[Sri Lanka]]. Many people in [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]] also speak it. Many people speaking Tamil live in various places around the world.

The Tamil language is part of the Dravidian language family, which includes Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. According to a survey, 1863 newspapers are published in the Tamil language only every day.<ref name="Circulation and the Historical Geog">{{Citation | first= Burton |last=Stein |date=1977 | title = Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country | journal = The Journal of Asian Studies | volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–26| doi = 10.2307/2053325 | jstor=2053325}}</ref><ref>Steever, Sanford B. ''"The Dravidian languages"'', First Published (1998), pp. 6–9. {{ISBN|0-415-10023-2}}</ref> The oldest text found in Tamil is [[Tolkāppiyam]]. Tamil has a long literary history, and is spoken by almost 90 million people.
== Tamil script ==
The script of the language is very old. It has 12 consonants, 18 [[Consonant|vowels]], and the ''āytam'' ஃ, which is neither a consonant nor a vowel. The ''āytam ''can be used with other letters to represent sounds not in the Tamil script, such as'' '''f''<nowiki/>'. ''The consonants and vowels can mix to form compound letters. Altogether, there are 247 sounds/sets of sounds in the Tamil script. Tamil, like English, is written from left to right.

''<nowiki/>''

It is a [[Brahmi]] script, and it has been said that most of the other Indian scripts are basically derived from the letters of Tamil. In a few cases, the words themselves were used in other Indian languages for better understanding. Tamil numbers have certainly shaped the numbers in other Dravidian language family.

Tamil is the dominant language in Tamil Nadu, India, and Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is also spoken in places like the [[United States]], [[Germany]], [[Fiji]], [[Indonesia]], [[France]], [[Africa]] and [[Thailand]]. This is because of the Tamil [[diaspora]].
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
{{InterWiki|code=ta}}
{{wikibooks-inline|Tamil}}
{{Wiktionary category}}
* {{Commons-inline|Tamil language}}

{{Asia-stub}}
[[Category:Tamil language| ]]
{{simple-Wikipedia}}

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2022-03-05T05:18:42Z

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Tamil language

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