Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Julião Menezes

2026-05-07T07:11:20Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Short description|Indian nationalist leader (1909–1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Julião Menezes
| image = Julião Menezes.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Menezes during his youth
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1948)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1909|8|7|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1980|7|2|1909|8|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Assolnã]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_place = [[Dhobitalao]], Bombay, Maharashtra, India
| alma_mater = [[Berlin University]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|M.D]])
| years_active = 1930–1940s
| monuments = Lohia Chowk, Assolna, Goa, India
| movement = [[Goa liberation movement]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Activist|medical practitioner|writer|nationalist leader}}
| notable_works = {{plainlist|
* ''Beitrag zur chirurgischen Behandlung des Nierensteinleidens'' (1938)
* ''Goa's Freedom Struggle'' (1947)
* ''Goa: What of the Future''
* ''Contra Roma E Além de Benares'' (1948)}}
}}

'''Julião Menezes''' (7 August 1909 – 2 July 1980), popularly known as '''Dr. Juliao Menezes''', was an Indian independence activist, medical practitioner, writer, and [[nationalist]] leader. He played a prominent role in the [[annexation of Goa]] from the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule]] and was active in the [[Goa liberation movement]]. Menezes established the publication ''Gomantak Praja Mandal'', to promote nationalism among [[Goans]]. He was a member of the provisional committee of the [[Indian National Congress]] in [[Portuguese Goa]] and was present at its session in 1948. He played an active role during its formation. Menezes, along with [[socialist]] leader [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], planned the [[civil disobedience]] movement against [[António de Oliveira Salazar|Salazar]]'s regime in [[Goa]] on 18 June 1946, a day that is now celebrated as [[Goa Revolution Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |first=Nida |last=Sayed |title='Need stamp in honour of Dr Juliao Menezes' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/need-stamp-in-honour-of-dr-juliao-menezes/articleshow/76434532.cms |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Julião Menezes was born on 7 August 1909 in [[Assolnã]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India), to Zeferinho Piedade Menezes, a professional [[seafarer]], and Maria Salvacao. He was the second of six siblings: Argentina, Rupertina, Roque, Menelau, and Alzira.<ref name="SpareToIAzavedo15">{{Cite web |first=Gary|last=Azavedo|date=18 June 2015 |title=Spare a thought for Assolna's Juliao Menezes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/spare-a-thought-for-assolnas-juliao-menezes/articleshow/47712374.cms |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Juliao Menezes parents.jpg|thumb|left|Menezes' parents: Maria Salvacao and Zeferinho Piedade Menezes]]
Menezes's father died when he was young, which caused financial constraints for the family. Despite this, his mother encouraged him to study at [[Berlin University]] in [[Weimar Republic]] (now Germany), from where he graduated with a [[medical degree]].<ref name="RecognisedHerald19">{{Cite web |date=19 Jun 2019 |title=Shouldn't Juliao Menezes too be recognised on June 18? |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Editorial/Shouldn%E2%80%99t-Juliao-Menezes-too-be-recognised-on-June-18/147672 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826073842/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Editorial/Shouldn%E2%80%99t-Juliao-Menezes-too-be-recognised-on-June-18/147672 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==1930 League of Nations session==
During his school days, Menezes considered the [[Goan]] journalist [[Luís de Menezes Bragança]] and other prominent writers as his role models. While studying medicine at [[Berlin University]], he met [[socialist]] political leader [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], who was studying [[economics]]. They soon became friends and were part of the Indian Students' Union in [[Berlin]], [[Weimar Republic]] (now Germany).<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Goa Revolution Day: Lesser-known facts about the uprising & its heroes |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/goa-revolution-day-lesser-known-facts-about-the-uprising-its-heroes-13830192.htm |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=[[CNBC TV18]] |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827042858/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/goa-revolution-day-lesser-known-facts-about-the-uprising-its-heroes-13830192.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Menezes also offered protection to Lohia when he went into hiding during the 1942 [[Quit India Movement]].<ref name="RecognisedHerald19" /> The initial occasion on which the pair made an impact was in 1930, during the session of the [[League of Nations]]. Lohia and Menezes, who were present on the occasion, threw bundles of [[pamphlet|leaflet]]s from the visitors' gallery. These leaflets denounced [[Ganga Singh|Sir Ganga Singh]], the then [[Maharaja]] of [[Bikaner State]] (now [[Rajasthan]]), and an Indian representative sent by the [[British Crown]] to present to the League of Nations.<ref name="SpareToIAzavedo15" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oesterheld |first=Joachim |date=2010 |title=Lohia as a Doctoral Student in Berlin |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25742151 |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=45 |issue=40 |pages=85–91 |jstor=25742151 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>

==Role in the Goa liberation movement (1938–1946)==
In 1938, Menezes started spreading [[nationalistic]] [[propaganda]] with the support of the Juvenile Club de Assolnã. It was during this time that a library was set up as a front for the meetings of the [[freedom fighter]]s of the [[Assolnã]], [[Velim, Goa|Velim]], and [[Cuncolim]] (AVC) villages. After the Piazza Cross in front of the Assolnã Church was found demolished, the [[Portuguese police]] suspected Menezes and the members of the club. They raided the club and library premises but were unable to arrest Menezes, who had already fled to [[Bombay]], [[British India]].<ref name="FaleiroGoa1961">{{Cite book |last=Faleiro |first=Valmiki |author-link=Valmiki Faleiro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYLyEAAAQBAJ |title=Goa, 1961: The Complete Story of Nationalism and Integration |date=2023-07-24 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5708-175-7 |pages=17–21 |access-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=}}</ref> The Portuguese later auctioned the library and club assets through the Revenue Department. Following this, the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese government]] enforced a ban on [[Unlawful assembly|gatherings of more than five people]] in the Assolnã market for three months.<ref name="SpareToIAzavedo15" />

===Goa Revolution Day===
{{Main|Goa Revolution Day}}
In the 1940s, the [[Goa liberation movement]] experienced increased progress, inspired by the [[Indian independence movement]] against the British government.<ref name="SpareToIAzavedo15" /> Following a long imprisonment, Lohia met Menezes in Bombay for a [[Doctor's visit|medical consultation]] in April 1946. Menezes then invited Lohia to recuperate with him at his home in Assolnã. They reached Assolnã on 10 June 1946. After fellow freedom fighter [[Evágrio Jorge]] published the news of Lohia's arrival in the 12 June edition of ''[[O Heraldo]]'', the general public and other local freedom fighters began visiting Menezes's house in large numbers. Menezes and Lohia then began planning a [[civil disobedience]] movement. They addressed people in [[Nova Goa]] and [[Mormugão]] between 15 and 17 June, informing people that they would defy the ban on public meetings and address an audience of Goans on 18 June in [[Margão]].<ref name="FaleiroGoa1961" />

On 18 June 1946, Menezes and Lohia arrived at the designated [[maidan]] in Margão, evading and defying the [[Portuguese police]]. They were greeted by a large crowd that was chanting slogans. About 600–700 people gathered before the duo was physically escorted to the police station, just as Lohia had begun addressing the audience. The police resorted to a [[baton charge]] to disperse the crowd. However, everyone regrouped at the police station and only left after Lohia addressed them briefly. The location of the gathering is today known as Lohia Maidan, and the date, 18 June, is celebrated as Goa Revolution Day.<ref name="FaleiroGoa1961" /> Menezes and Lohia continued their [[nationalistic]] efforts after this incident.<ref name="RecognisedHerald19" /> While this event was deemed unsuccessful, it led to over 1,500 arrests and inspired [[Goan]]s to keep protesting for their freedom, eventually leading to the [[annexation of Goa]] in 1961.<ref name="RevolutionFPJ22">{{Cite web |title=Goa Revolution Day 2022: History and significance |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/goa-revolution-day-2022-history-and-significance |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==Death==
Menezes died as a [[bachelor]] at his residence in [[Dhobitalao]], [[Bombay]], on 2 July 1980, at the age of 70.<ref name="SpareToIAzavedo15" />

==Publications==
In 1939, Menezes founded the ''Gomantak Praja Mandal'' in [[Bombay]], [[British India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2020 |title=Operation Vijay-Liberation of Goa – JournalsOfIndia |url=https://journalsofindia.com/operation-vijay-liberation-of-goa/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130083933/https://journalsofindia.com/operation-vijay-liberation-of-goa/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=1956 |title=L'etat Portugais De L'inde Et L'union Indienne |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44827794 |journal=Chronique de politique étrangère |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=5–39 |issn=0009-6059}}</ref> with an aim to spread [[nationalism]] amongst the [[Goans]]. Three years later, in 1942, he launched a [[bilingual]], English-[[Konkani language|Konkani]] [[weekly newspaper|weekly]] named ''Gomantak''. Some of his notable publications include, ''Beitrag zur chirurgischen Behandlung des Nierensteinleidens'' (1938),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Menezes |first=Juliao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2CFGAwEACAAJ |title=Beitrag zur chirurgischen Behandlung des Nierensteinleidens |date=1938 |publisher=Wulkan-Druck |language=de |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822123256/https://books.google.com/books?id=2CFGAwEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Goa's Freedom Struggle'' (1947),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Menezes |first=Juliao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5eyHAAACAAJ |title=Goa's Freedom Struggle |date=1947 |publisher=The author |language=en |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822123426/https://books.google.com/books?id=b5eyHAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Goa: What of the Future'', and ''Contra Roma E Além de Benares'' (1948).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Menezes |first=Julião |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NjH9MgEACAAJ |title=Contra Roma E Além de Benares |date=1948 |publisher=Bombay |language=en |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822123301/https://books.google.com/books?id=NjH9MgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
A [[memorial]] named after Menezes and his companion [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] was constructed in the [[Assolna]] market, called the Lohia Chowk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neglect stares at Lohia Chowk in Assolna |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/neglect-stares-at-lohia-chowk-in-assolna/70725.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The Goan |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822123812/https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/neglect-stares-at-lohia-chowk-in-assolna/70725.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 18 June 1986, the [[Government of Goa|Government of Goa, Daman and Diu]] honoured Menezes posthumously.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shirodkar |first=Pandurang Purushottam |author-link=Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISScyAEACAAJ |title=Who's Who of Freedom Fighters, Goa, Daman, and Diu |date=1986 |publisher=Goa Gazetteer Department, Government of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu |volume=1 |pages=221}}</ref>

{{Gallery
|title=Lohia Chowk
|width=250 | height=260
|align=center
|File:Juliao Menezes and Ram Manohar Lohia Memorial.jpg
|Lohia Chowk at Assolna market
|File:Memorial inducted names including Ram Manohar Lohia and Juliao Menezes.jpg
|Inscription stone of Dr. Juliao Menezes and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menezes, Julião}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Goa]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]

Mir Zulfeqar Ali

2026-04-24T20:43:41Z

Bhargava1920: Adding Bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mir Zulfeqar Ali
| office = Member of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = Charminar
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| party = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| preceded = [[Mumtaz Ahmed Khan (Telangana politician)|Mumtaz Ahmed Khan]]
| office1 = 11th [[Mayor of Hyderabad]]
| term_start1 = 1991
| term_end1 = 1995
| preceded1 = Allampalli Pochaiah
| succeeded1 = [[Mohammed Mubeen]]
| term_start2 = 1999
| term_end2 = 2000
| preceded2 = [[Mohammed Mubeen]]
| succeeded2 = [[Teegala Krishna Reddy]]
| image =
}}

'''Mir Zulfeqar Ali''' (born 1961)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mir zulfeqar ali telangana charminar candidate Profile, Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP न्यूज़ |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/mir-zulfeqar-ali-telangana-charminar-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=www.abplive.com}}</ref> is an Indian politician who is serving as a Member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Charminar Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Charminar Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/charminar-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687869.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He won on 3 December 2023, as a candidate of [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=AIMIM Candidate Mir Zulfeqar Ali wins from Charminar |url=https://munsifdaily.com/aimim-candidate-mir-zulfeqar-ali-wins-from-charminar/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=The Munsif Daily {{!}} Latest News India {{!}} World News {{!}} National and International Headlines |language=en-us}}</ref> He had also served as [[Mayor of Hyderabad]] from 1991 to 1995 and 1999 to 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Ex-Hyderabad mayor Mir Zulfiqar wins Charminar seat for AIMIM |url=https://www.siasat.com/ex-hyderabad-mayor-mir-zulfiqar-wins-charminar-seat-for-aimim-2926381/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mir, Zulfeqar Ali}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]]
[[Category:Mayors of Hyderabad, India]]

{{Telangana-AIMIM-politician-stub}}

Sparsh Shrivastava

2026-04-24T12:36:42Z

Bhargava1920: started new article

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1999)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sparsh Shrivastava
| image = Sparsh Shrivastava at the premiere of his film Laapataa Ladies (cropped).jpg
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2010–present
| caption = Shrivastava in 2024
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Rajakhera]], [[Dholpur district]], [[Rajasthan]], India
}}

'''Sparsh Shrivastava''' is an Indian actor known for his work in [[Hindi]] television and films. He gained early recognition for his role in the television soap opera ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' (2015–2016).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-25 |title=It took me over a decade to get noticed: Sparsh Shrivastava |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/it-took-me-over-a-decade-to-get-noticed-sparsh-srivastava-101627218926453.html |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2015-06-03 |title=Dholpur boy enters Balika Vadhu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dholpur-boy-enters-balika-vadhu/articleshow/46544326.cms |access-date=2024-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He has since starred in the Netflix crime drama series ''[[Jamtara – Sabka Number Ayega]]'' (2020–2022), the comedy-drama film ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' (2024), and the Amazon Prime Video series ''[[Dupahiya]]'' (2025).

== Background ==
Sparsh Shrivastava was born to Ragini and Dinesh Shrivastava in [[Rajakhera]], [[Dholpur district]], [[Rajasthan]]. After his birth, his family moved to [[Agra, Uttar Pradesh]]. He has an elder brother, Shubham, who is married. His mother, Ragini, lives with him in [[Mumbai]], while the other family members stay in Agra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra News: टीवी अभिनेता स्पर्श की मां ने पति और बेटे-बहू पर लगाए गंभीर आरोप, किचन में चाय बनाते समय हुआ विवाद |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-tv-actor-sparsh-srivastav-mother-blams-on-husband-and-son-daughter-in-law-fir-in-jagdish-pura-police-station-agra-23388603.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|''[[Natkhat]]''
|Sonu's uncle
|Short film
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-02 |title=Natkhat: The Vidya Balan short film is compelling |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/natkhat-viday-balan-short-film-6438505/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Collar Bomb (film)|Collar Bomb]]''
|Shoeb Ali ||
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
|Deepak Kumar||
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2024-04-29 |title=Aamir Khan Shocked By Laapataa Ladies Actor Sparsh Shrivastav |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/aamir-khan-shocked-by-laapataa-ladies-actor-sparsh-shrivastav |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Meet the craftsmen of Kiran Rao, Aamir Khan's Laapataa Ladies cast: Pratibha Ranta, Sparsh Shrivastav, Nitanshi Goel |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-interview-meet-the-craftsmen-of-kiran-rao-aamir-khans-laapataa-ladies-cast-pratibha-ranta-sparsh-shrivastav-nitanshi-goel-13747824.html |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ae Watan Mere Watan]]''
|Fahad ||
|<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-03-21 |title='Ae Watan Mere Watan' movie review |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ae-watan-mere-watan-movie-review-sara-ali-khan-leads-this-fancy-dress-show/article67975634.ece |access-date=2024-05-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2010
|''Chak Dhoom Dhoom''
|Contestant
|Winner
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sparsh Shrivastav wins Chak Dhoom Dhoom |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sparsh-shrivastav-wins-chak-dhoom-dhoom-596131 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sparsh Shrivastav wins 'Chak Dhoom Dhoom' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/sparsh-shrivastav-wins-chak-dhoom-dhoom_66969.html |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]''
|Tarun
|Season 1; Episode 34
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2013
|''[[Shake It Up (Indian TV series)|Shake It Up]]''
|Neeladri "Neel" Walia ||
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-25 |title=It took me over a decade to get noticed: Sparsh Shrivastava |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/it-took-me-over-a-decade-to-get-noticed-sparsh-srivastava-101627218926453.html |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015–2016
|''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
|Young Kundan Singh||
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2017
|''[[Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh|Sher-E-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]''
|Rajkumar Gulab Singh
|
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=Who Is Sparsh Shrivastava? |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/74580/who-is-sparsh-shrivastava-laapataa-ladies-actor-who-was-once-a-disney-star-kid |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=in.mashable.com |language=en-in}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Prithvi Vallabh - Itihaas Bhi, Rahasya Bhi]]''
|Unknown
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|''[[Apharan (TV series)|Apharan]]''
|Unnamed
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2019
|''Black Coffee''
|Arjun
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2020–2022
|''[[Jamtara – Sabka Number Ayega]]''
|Sunny Mondal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=DYK Jamtara 2's Sparsh Shrivastava asked director to give him anesthesia? Here's why {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/dyk-jamtara-2-s-sparsh-shrivastava-asked-director-to-give-him-anesthesia-here-s-why-exclusive-2004902-2022-09-26 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aamir Khan called Sparsh Shrivastava after watching 'Jamtara', actor reveals deets! {{!}} Laapataa Ladies {{!}} Etimes - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/aamir-khan-called-sparsh-shrivastava-after-watching-jamtara-actor-reveals-deets-laapataa-ladies/videoshow/107645082.cms |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Sparsh Shrivastava Says Salman Khan Watched Jamtara, Aamir Khan Texted To Praise But He Didn't Believe {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sparsh-shrivastava-says-salman-khan-watched-jamtara-aamir-khan-texted-to-praise-but-he-didnt-believe-exclusive-6012157.html |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Dupahiya]]''
|Bhugol Jha
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Dupahiya review: ‘No gaali, no dunaali’; Gajraj Rao, Renuka Shahane’s anti-Mirzapur show delivers clean, family entertainment |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dupahiya-review-gajraj-rao-renuka-shahanes-anti-mirzapur-show-delivers-clean-family-entertainment-9873470/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music video appearances ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Singer
! class="unsortable" |Ref.
|-
|2024
|"Saccha Wala Pyaar"
|[[Tulsi Kumar]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tulsi Kumar, Pratibha Ranta & Sparsh Shrivastava Discuss 'Saccha Wala Pyaar', Lapaata Ladies |url=https://www.news18.com/videos/movies/tulsi-kumar-pratibha-ranta-and-sparsh-shrivastava-discuss-true-love-lapaata-ladies-n18v-9037035.html |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" | {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
| [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
| Best Actor
|''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
| {{nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-23 |title=Indian Film Festival of Melbourne 2024: Dates and list of nominations for the 15th edition |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-2024-dates-and-list-of-nominations-for-the-15th-edition-19447848.htm |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=[[CNBC TV18]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-10 |title=Indian Film Festival of Melbourne 2024 nominations out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-2024-nominations-out-shah-rukh-khan-to-compete-with-kartik-aaryan-diljit-dosanjh-for-best-actor/articleshow/111634519.cms |access-date=2024-09-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Web Original Film (Male)
| ''[[Ae Watan Mere Watan]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2024 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2024/vote#166 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2025
| [[25th IIFA Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Leading Role (Male)
|rowspan="3"| ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
| {{nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[70th Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out
|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html|date=26 September 2025|website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critic)]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{imdbname|10050596}}
*[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/sparsh-shrivastava/ Sparsh Shrivastava] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]
*{{instagram|ss_this_side}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shrivastava, Sparsh}}
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Mandeep Roy

2026-04-21T01:15:11Z

Bhargava1920: Adding New Pg

{{short description|Indian film actor (1949–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mandeep Roy
| image = Mandeep Roy.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Maanu Ulpe
| birth_date = {{birth date|1949|04|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Province]], [[Dominion of India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|01|29|1949|04|04|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1960s–2022
| othername = Mandeep Rai
| spouse =
| children = 1
}}

'''Mandeep Roy''' (13 April 1949 – 29 January 2023) was an Indian actor known for his work in [[Kannada cinema]]. After beginning his career on stage in [[Marathi theatre]], he transitioned into film acting with the [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film, ''[[Minchina Ota (1980 film)|Minchina Ota]]'' (1980). He is noted for his frequent collaboration with actor and filmmaker [[Shankar Nag]]. Born as Maanu Ulpe, he renamed himself as Mandeep Roy owing to "his fascination for trendy names".<ref name="dh23">{{cite web |last1=Angadi |first1=Jagadish |title=Mandeep Roy: An unconventional comedian |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/mandeep-roy-an-unconventional-comedian-1187680.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=16 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913034626/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/mandeep-roy-an-unconventional-comedian-1187680.html |archive-date=13 September 2023 |language=en |date=4 February 2023}}</ref>

Known for playing comedic roles, Roy was noted for his performances in ''[[Aakasmika]]'' (1993), ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu]]'' (2001), ''[[Amrithadhare]]'' (2005), ''[[Aaptha Rakshaka]]'' (2010) and ''[[...Re (film)|...Re]]'' (2016). He appeared in more than 500 Kannada films.<ref>{{cite web |title= Shivaram - saga of a multifaceted actor |url= http://www.viggy.com/english/current_shivaram.asp |publisher= viggy.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150724071607/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_shivaram.asp |archivedate= 2015-07-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Movies directed by TS Nagabharana including the new and upcoming films. TS Nagabharana movies list is sorted by movie release year. |url= http://bharat-movies.com/director/ts-nagabharana-movies.htm |publisher= bharat-movies.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053712/http://bharat-movies.com/director/ts-nagabharana-movies.htm |archivedate= 2017-12-11 }}</ref> Additionally, he also appeared in a handful [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] films, and one television serial in [[Marathi language]].<ref>{{cite AV media |date=21 November 2020 |title=ಶಂಕರ್ ನಾಗ್ ಬೇಗ ಸಾಯ್ತಿನಿ ಅಂದ್ಕೊಂಡಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGek50gFPy4 |trans-title=Shankar Nag did not expect to die soon |work=Heggade Studio |language=kn |access-date= 16 April 2026}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Roy was born on 13 April 1949 in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) into a [[Konkani language|Konkani]]-speaking family.<ref name="HS1">{{cite AV media |date= |title='ಒಂದಾನೊಂದು ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ' ಶಂಕರ್ ನಾಗ್ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದ ಪಾತ್ರ ಅನಂತ್ ನಾಗ್ ಮಾಡೋದಿತ್ತು |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=109kYojue7o |trans-title=Anant Nag had to do Shankar Nag's role in 'Ondanondu Kaladalli' |format=Interview |work=Heggade Studio |language=kn |access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> However, his parents hailed from [[South Canara]] (today [[Dakshina Kannada district]] of [[Karnataka]]). They moved to [[Mumbai]] and settled in Talmakiwadi where Roy was born and grew up in. He completed his schooling at a boarding school near [[Thane]].<ref name="dh23"/> Roy obtained two undergraduate degrees in engineering: in [[Automotive engineering|automotive]] from [[M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering]], and in computer science from VJTI, [[Matunga]] in Mumbai. His first job was in a [[Automobile repair shop|garage]], which he would do alongside pursuing the computer science degree. After a minor mishap at the garage, he changed his job, and upon obtaining the latter degree, began working for [[Tata Consultancy Services]] as a computer science engineer. He later worked as a cab driver, and during this time, also learned [[film editing]].<ref name="HS1"/>

== Career ==
{{quote box|width=30%|quote=Roy made his presence felt in Kannada cinema after the era dominated by [[Dwarakish]]. He was unique because he never depended on dialogues and mannerisms to evoke laughter. He could provide comic relief merely by his expressions.|source=Sreedhara Murthy, film critic<ref name="dh23"/>}}
In the 1970s, Roy was drawn to [[amateur theatre]], influenced by actor and friend [[Amol Palekar]].<ref name="HS1"/> As a youngster, Roy had also been friends with brothers [[Anant Nag]] and [[Shankar Nag]], and followed them later into stage acting in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. Roy became popular for his role in Palekar's play ''Pandhari'', in which he played a [[waiter]] "who becomes a victim of exploitation"<ref name="dh23"/> after having been subjected to [[child abuse]].<ref name="HS5">{{cite AV media |date=3 December 2020 |title=ಶಂಕರ್ ನಾಗ್ ತಾಯಿ ನನಗೆ ಕನ್ನಡ ಕಲಿಸಿದ್ದು |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJ1OCZ6P4kc |trans-title=Shankar Nag's mother taught me Kannada |format=Interview |work=Heggade Studio |language=kn |access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> He also acted in a Kannada play during this time titled ''Poorva Janmada Preethi'' directed by Venkata Rao Talegiri. Based on [[S. L. Bhyrappa]]'s novel ''[[Naayi Neralu (novel)|Naayi Neralu]]'', the play explored themes such as [[reincarnation]], and had Roy playing an elderly character. The play was later adapted into the film, ''[[Janma Janmada Anubandha]]'' (1980) by Shankar Nag, who reasoned that Roy not play the role considering it was too early in the latter's film career. The role was played by [[K. S. Ashwath]].<ref name="HS5"/> Subsequently, to pursue a career in Kannada films, he followed the Nag brothers to [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="dh23"/>

Roy made his film debut as a corrupt cop in Shankar Nag's ''[[Minchina Ota (1980 film)|Minchina Ota]]'' (1980). Nag's wife and actress [[Arundathi Nag|Arundathi]] helped him with the dialogues, since he could not speak in Kannada during the time. Nag cast Roy again in his television series, ''[[Malgudi Days (TV series)|Malgudi Days]]'' (1986). The two would collaborate multiple times until Nag's death in 1990, in films such as ''[[Geetha (1981 film)|Geetha]]'' (1981) and ''[[Accident (1984 film)|Accident]]'' (1984).<ref name="dh23"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=K. |first1=Janani |title=Kannada actor Mandeep Roy passes away at 72 in Bengaluru |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kannada-actor-mandeep-roy-passes-away-at-72-in-bengaluru-2328006-2023-01-30 |website=India Today |access-date=16 April 2026 |language=en |date=30 January 2023}}</ref> His final appearance came in ''Made in Bengaluru'' (2022).<ref name="dh23"/> He would go on to appear in comedic roles in films starring [[Dr. Rajkumar]], [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] and [[Ambareesh]].<ref name="dh23"/> Roy was hired to play a comedic sequence in [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]'s ''[[Bhagyada Lakshmi Baramma]]'' (1986) starring Rajkumar. However, his bit did not make the final cut. Rao then signed Roy again for his next, ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (1987 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]'' (1987).<ref>{{cite AV media |date= |title=ಕಕ್ಕಸ್ ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ನಾನ್ ತಗೊಂಡ್ ಹೋಗೋದಾ ಅಂದ್ಕೊಂಡೆ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g9jGSJiekI |trans-title=I wondered if I should take the toilet box with me |format=Interview |work=Heggade Studio |language=kn |access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref>

Roy first suffered a [[cardiac arrest]] in December 2022 and was admitted to a hospital in Bengaluru. He was receiving treatment, when he suffered another attack on the early hours of 29 January 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran Kannada actor Mandeep Roy passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/veteran-kannada-actor-mandeep-roy-passes-away/articleshow/97411950.cms |access-date=16 April 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=29 January 2023}}</ref> He died from it, aged 73.<ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran comic actor Mandeep Roy passes away at 74 after cardiac arrest |url=https://english.publictv.in/veteran-comic-actor-mandeep-roy-passes-away-at-74-after-cardiac-arrest/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |publisher=Public TV English |date=29 January 2023}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{unreferenced section|date= January 2023}}
{{incompletelist|date=January 2023}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Minchina Ota (1980 film)|Minchina Ota]]'' || Thimmaiah ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1981 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1981|Devara Aata]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Geetha (1981 film)|Geetha]]'' || Hanumantha ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Baadada Hoo]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1983 || ''[[Benkiya Bale]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Hosa Theerpu]]'' || Mootayya ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Makkaliralavva Mane Thumba]]'' || ||
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Bidugadeya Bedi]]'' || ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1986|Nannavaru]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1987 || ''[[Digvijaya (film)|Digvijaya]]'' || [[Constable]] Ranga ||
|-
| ''[[List of Kannada films of 1987|Anthima Ghatta]]'' || ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Elu Suttina Kote]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1989 || ''[[Gajapathi Garvabhanga]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Manmatha Raja'' || Thimmanna ||
|-
| ''[[Yuga Purusha]]'' || Dr Dayal ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1990 || ''Mathsara'' || Dilip Chenji ||
|-
|''[[Aasegobba Meesegobba]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ashwamedha (film)|Ashwamedha]]'' || "Sautu" ||
|-
| ''[[Michael Madana Kama Rajan]]'' || Office colleague || Tamil film; uncredited
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1991 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1991|Bhairavi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Golmaal Part 2'' || Motu Mal ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1992 || ''Maavanige Takka Aliya'' || Nair ||
|-
| ''[[List of Kannada films of 1992|Agni Panjara]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bombat Hendthi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bharjari Gandu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1993 || ''[[Aathanka]]'' || Vishwanath ||
|-
| ''[[Aakasmika]]'' || Srikanth ||
|-
| ''Kumkuma Bhagya'' || Brahma ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1994|Apoorva Samsara]]'' || ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1995|Bal Nan Maga]]'' || ||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1996|Aayudha]]'' || ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Agni IPS]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1998 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 1998|Arjun Abhimanyu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[King (1998 film)|King]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Preethsod Thappa]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999 || ''[[Rambhe Urvashi Menake]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chandramukhi Pranasakhi]]'' || ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Deepavali (2000 film)|Deepavali]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2001 || ''[[Aunty Preethse]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chitte]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vaalee (2001 film)|Vaalee]]'' || Detective || Uncredited
|-
| ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu]]'' || Seetapathi ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002 || ''[[Nagarahavu (2002 film)|Nagarahavu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[List of Kannada films of 2002|Aathma]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003 || ''[[Pakka Chukka]]'' || Cook ||
|-
| ''[[Khushi (2003 Kannada film)|Kushee]]'' || ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 2004#January–June|Avale Nanna Gelathi]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005 || ''[[Ayya (2005 Kannada film)|Ayya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Thunta'' || Seth Ghanshyam Das ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Hatavadi]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007 || ''[[Sixer (2007 film)|Sixer]]'' || Professor ||
|-
| ''[[Ganesha (film)|Ganesha]]'' || ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Beladingalagi Baa]]'' || ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[List of Kannada films of 2009|Taxi No-1]]'' || ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Aptharakshaka]]'' || ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Rangappa Hogbitna]]'' || Physician ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Alemari]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2013 || ''[[Parari (2013 film)|Paraari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Victory (2013 film)|Victory]]'' || Physician ||
|-
| 2014 || ''Amanusha'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015 || ''[[Ond Chance Kodi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ranna (film)|Ranna]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Buguri (film)|Buguri]]'' || Physician ||
|-
| ''[[1st Rank Raju (2015 film)|1st Rank Raju]]'' || Principal of college ||
|-
| ''[[Care of Footpath 2]]'' || Angry Customer at Petrol Pump || Kannada-Hindi bilingual film
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2016 || ''[[Maduveya Mamatheya Kareyole]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[...Re]]'' || Physicist ||
|-
| ''[[Kotigobba 2]]'' || Shopowner ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (2017 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raajakumara]]'' || ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sankashta Kara Ganapathi]]'' || Ashok ||
|-
| 2021 || ''Auto Ramanna'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Trikona (film)|Trikona]]'' || Annayya ||
|-
| ''Made in Bengaluru'' || ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Mandala: The UFO Incident]]'' || Raju ||
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
*[[List of people from Karnataka]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm5704615}}
* [https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/mandeep-roy/1074190 Biography of Mandeep Roy ''on Bookmyshow.com'']

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada theatre]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi television]]

Vindhyachal division

2026-04-20T00:27:45Z

Bhargava1920: started a article

{{short description|Administrative division of Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}

[[File:Mirzapur division.svg|300px|thumb|Vindhyachal division]]

'''Vindhyachal division''', also sometimes known as '''Mirzapur division''', is one of the 18 [[divisions of Uttar Pradesh|administrative geographical units]] (i.e. division) of the northern [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. [[Mirzapur]] city is the administrative headquarters.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> {{as of|2018||}}, the division consists of 3 [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|districts]]:-
* [[Bhadohi district|Bhadohi]]
* [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]]
* [[Sonbhadra district|Sonbhadra]]

==Industries==
*
* [[Carpet]]s of Bhadohi {{endash}} The Bhadohi district is biggest carpet manufacturing centres in India, most known for its hand-knotted carpet. Bhadohi known as also carpet city, [[Mirzapur]]
* Carpets of [[Mirzapur]] and Bhadohi {{endash}} The largest carpet manufacturing region in Asia, [[Sonbhadra]]
* Churk Cement Factory {{endash}} 800 tonnes per day
* [[Rihand Dam]], [[Sonbhadra]] Pipri {{endash}} 300 MW of [[electricity]], Reservoir for Power Plants
* [[Hindalco]] Aluminium Plant, Renukoot {{endash}} Alumina refining - 114,5000 TPA, Aluminium metal - 424,000 TPA
* Kanoria Chemicals, Renukoot {{endash}} Acetaldehyde - 10000 TPA, Formaldehyde - 75000 TPA, Lindane - 875 TPA, Hexamine - 4000 TPA, Industrial Alcohol - 225 million litres/annum, Aluminium Chloride - 6875 TPA, Ethyl Acetate - 3300 TPA, Acetic Acid - 6000 TPA, Commercial Hydrogen
* Renusagar Power Plant (Hindalco) {{endash}} 887.2 MW of electricity
* Obra Dam {{endash}} 99 MW of electricity, reservoir for power plant
* Dala Cement Factory {{endash}} 3600 tonnes per day
* Obra Thermal Power Plant, Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB) {{endash}} 1550 MW of electricity
* Chunar Cement Factory {{endash}} Ancillary unit of Dala Cement Factory
* Anpara Thermal Power Plant, UPSEB {{endash}} 1630 MW of electricity
* B.P. Construction Company, Anpara, Sonbhadra
* Singrauli Thermal Power Plant, [[NTPC Limited]] (NTPC), [[Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh|Shaktinagar]] {{endash}} 2000 MW of electricity
* Hi -Tech Carbon, Renukoot, Carbon Black {{endash}} 160,000 million [[tonne]]s per year
* Rihand Thermal Power Plant, NTPC, Bijpur {{endash}} 3000 MW of electricity
* Finding of Gold Mine in Hills, Mirchadhuri
* Kanoria Chemicals Power Plant, Renukoot {{endash}} 50 MW of electricity
* Obra Thermal Power Plant, UPSEB {{endash}} 1550 MW of electricity

==Towns in Mirzapur Mandal==
*[[Mirzapur]], [[Mirzapur]]
*[[chunar]], [[mirzapur]]
*[[Vindhyachal]], [[Mirzapur]]
*[[Bhadohi]], [[Bhadohi]]
*[[Suriyawan]], [[Bhadohi]]
*[[Gyanpur]], [[Bhadohi]]
*[[Gopiganj]], [[Bhadohi]]
*[[khamariya]], [[Bhadohi]]
*[[Renukoot]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Robertsganj]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Obra, Uttar Pradesh|Obra]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh|Shaktinagar]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Chopan]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Dudhi]], [[Sonebhadra]]

==Major rivers==
*[[Ganges]]
*[[Sone River]]
*[[Rihand River]]

==Hills and waterfalls==
* [[Vindhya Range]] Hills
* Matiranga hills
* Windham Water Fall
*[[Mukkha Fall]]

==Popular religious places==
[[File:Shivdwar.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Shivdwar|Shivdwar Temple]]]]
[[File:Renukeshawar Mahadev Mandir, Renukoot, Uttar Pradesh, India.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Renukeshwar Mahadev Temple]]]]

*[[Shivdwar]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Renukeshwar Mahadev Temple]], [[Sonbhadra]]
*[[Vandevi Temple]], [[Renukut]]
*[[Jwaladevi Temple]], [[Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh|Shaktinagar]]
* Kantit shareef, [[Mirzapur]]
* [[Vindhyavasini|Vindhyavasini Temple]], [[Vindhyachal]], [[Mirzapur]]
* Ashtabhuja Mandir, [[Vindhyachal]], [[Mirzapur]]
* Kali Khoh Temple, [[Vindhyachal]], [[Mirzapur]]
* [[Sita Samahit Sthal]], Sitamarhi, [[Bhadohi]]
* Vaishno devi shaktipith, Dala, [[Sonbhadra]]

==Historical places==
* [[Vijaygarh Fort]], [[Sonbhadra]]
* [[Agori Fort]], [[Sonbhadra]]
* [[Chunar Fort]], [[Chunar]]
* Sodharigarh Durg, [[Sonbhadra]]

==Major roads and railway junctions==
* NH2
* [[Mirzapur]] Railway Station
* [[Gyanpur]] Railway Station
* [[Bhadohi]] Railway Station
* [[Sonbhadra railway station]]
* [[Chopan]], Railway Station
* [[Renukoot]], Railway Station
* [[Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh|Shaktinagar]], Railway Station
* [[Chunar]], Railway Station
*Anpara Railway station

etc.

Mishri Lal Inter College, Mawaiya, Mirzapur
* Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, [[Bhadohi]].
* Kashi Naresh Government Post Graduate College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Kn Government Post Graduate College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, [[Bhadohi]]
* Ram Dev Degree College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Smt Kanti Singh Law College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Falahe Ummat Girls Degree College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Ghanshyam Binani Academy of Management Sciences, [[Mirzapur]]
* SHALIGRAM COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY [[Mirzapur]]
* K.B.P.G College, [[Mirzapur]]
* G D Binni P G College, [[Mirzapur]]
* K.M College, [[Mirzapur]]
* Ramkhelwan Singh Mahavidyalaya, [[Mirzapur]]
* Ram Lalit Singh Mahavidyalaya, [[Mirzapur]]
* Raj Deep Mahila Mahavidyalaya, [[Mirzapur]]
* Krishak Mahavidyalaya, [[Mirzapur]]
* Kanhiya Lal Basant Lal PG College, [[Mirzapur]]
* Kn Government Post Graduate College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, [[Bhadohi]]
* Ram Dev Degree College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Smt Kanti Singh Law College, [[Bhadohi]]
* Mathura College of Law, [[Mirzapur]]
* Pushpa Singh Vidhi Mahavidyalaya, [[Mirzapur]]
* Babu Ram Singh Mahavidyalaya, [[Sonbhadra]]
* Government Post Graduate College, [[Sonbhadra]]
* Sant Keenaram Post Graduate College, [[Sonbhadra]]
* Sant Keenaram PG College, [[Sonbhadra]]
* Govt. Degree College Chunar [[Mirzapur]]
*JJIC, Bhurakura, Chunar [[Mirzapur]]
*Kailash Nath Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mirzapur
*Jokhulal Piyaridevi Mahavidyalay, Newadhiya, Bhatewara, [[Mirzapur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://sonbhadra.nic.in}}

{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Mirzapur Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.1507|N|82.5648|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirzapur Division}}
[[Category:Mirzapur division| ]]
[[Category:Divisions of Uttar Pradesh]]

Panchkula Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:38:32Z

Bhargava1920: starting first data more to come

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Panchkula Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Panchkula Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Haryana]]
| established = 2009
| abolished =
| electors = 2,33,525
| mla = [[Chander Mohan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no = 2
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ambala Lok Sabha constituency|Ambala]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Chander mohan.jpg
}}

'''Panchkula Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 assembly seats of [[Haryana]] in the [[Panchkula district]] of [[Haryana]], [[India]]. It is under [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. It forms a part of a continuous area with the Union Territory of [[Chandigarh]] and the city of [[Mohali]].<ref>[http://haryanaelections.in/ambala-city-assembly-constituency-candidate-name-result-haryana-assembly-election-2014-inld-congress-bjp/ Elections in Haryana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212122906/http://haryanaelections.in/ambala-city-assembly-constituency-candidate-name-result-haryana-assembly-election-2014-inld-congress-bjp/ |date=12 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-results/ambala-city.php TravelIndia Guide]</ref><ref>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/haryana/ambala-city.html Maps of India: Assembly Polls]</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/panchkula.html Elections in Haryana]</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panchkula Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/panchkula.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2009: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Devender Kumar Bansal
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Gian Chand Gupta]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Chander Mohan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Panchkula<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chander Mohan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67,397 |percentage=47.97 |change={{increase}}3.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand Gupta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=65,400 |percentage=46.55 |change={{decrease}}2.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Garg |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=3,332 |percentage=2.37 |change={{increase}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr Kshitij Choudhary |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,375 |percentage=0.98 |change={{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Garg |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=1,153 |percentage=0.82 |change={{increase}}0.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=987 |percentage=0.70 |change={{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,997 |percentage=1.42 |change= {{decrease}}3.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,40,502 |percentage=59.49 |change= {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,33,525 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Panchkula<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand Gupta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=61,537 |percentage=48.84 |change={{decrease}}5.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chander Mohan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,904 |percentage=44.37 |change={{increase}}32.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karundeep Chaudhary |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=2,342 |percentage=1.86 |change={{decrease}}17.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal Kocher |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,055 |percentage=0.84 |change={{decrease}}0.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogeshwar Sharma |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=959 |percentage=0.76 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate| |candidate=Manoj Kumar |party=[[Rashtriya Janta Party|RJP]] |votes=765 |percentage=0.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajay Gautam |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=677 |percentage=0.54 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,195 |percentage=0.95 |change={{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,633 |percentage=4.47 |change= {{decrease}}30.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,25,999 |percentage=59.96 |change= {{decrease}}5.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,10,149 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}5.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Panchkula<ref name=results2014>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|title=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates: Haryana Results }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand Gupta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=69,916 |percentage=54.28 |change={{increase}}35.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kul Bhushan Goyal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=25,314 |percentage=19.65 |change={{decrease}}0.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devender Kumar Bansal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,564 |percentage=12.08 |change={{decrease}}23.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Bagai |party=Independent politician |votes=7,545 |percentage=5.86 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Rawal |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=3,778 |percentage=2.93 |change={{decrease}}12.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishaw Deepak Sharma |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,363 |percentage=1.06 |change={{decrease}}2.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harender Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=834 |percentage=0.65 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,073 |percentage=0.83 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=44,602 |percentage=34.63 |change= {{increase}}19.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,28,796 |percentage=65.72 |change= {{increase}}8.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,95,971 |ref = |change= {{increase}}36.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}18.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Panchkula}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Devender Kumar Bansal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,192 |percentage=35.29 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Yograj Singh]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=16,932 |percentage=20.47 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand Gupta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,717 |percentage=19.00 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Sharma |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=12,922 |percentage=15.62 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjeev Bhardwaj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,177 |percentage=3.84 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harender Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,168 |percentage=1.41 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mehar Chand Goel |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=933 |percentage=1.13 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,260 |percentage=14.82 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,719 |percentage=57.45 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,43,985 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.elections.in/haryana Haryana elections]

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{Haryana}}
{{coord|30.71|76.86|display=title}}

[[Category:Panchkula]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana|Panchkula]]
[[Category:Panchkula district]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2009]]

2025 Assam mine incident

2026-04-19T16:30:22Z

Bhargava1920: put up initial article basic info.

{{Short description|Mining incident in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox incident
| image =
| caption = Rescue workers near the flooded rat-hole mine
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = The town of Umrangso near which the incident occurred
|coordinates ={{coord|25.5062| 92.7308|display=i}}
| date = {{start date|2025|01|06}}
| Location = [[Umrangso]], Assam
| cause = Flooding due to Kopili river
| reported deaths = 9
| missing =
| arrests = 2
}}

On January 6, 2025, a group of miners became trapped in an illegal coal mine in the [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]] district of [[Assam]], India. They became trapped when water gushed in from a nearby unused mine.

== Background ==
Illegal mining is a significant issue in the state of Assam. The practice involves digging small tunnels, often by hand, to extract coal. These tunnels are dangerous and prone to collapse, which has resulted in many fatalities. The [[National Green Tribunal]] (NGT) banned [[rat-hole mining]] in 2014 due to its 'hazardous nature and environmental impact'. Despite this, illegal mining continues in several areas, including Umrangso and [[Ledo, Assam|Ledo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Avik |date=2025-01-12 |title=Assam: Illegal rat-hole mining continues in Ledo despite NGT ban |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-illegal-rat-hole-mining-continues-in-ledo-despite-ngt-ban.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=NorthEast Now |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Incident ==
The miners, at least 9 in number, became trapped in an illegal rat-hole mine on 6 January. This occurred after water gushed into the mine from an unused mine nearby.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-07 |title=At least nine miners are trapped in a coal mine in India's northeastern Assam state |url=https://apnews.com/article/coal-mine-assam-india-trapped-87320ac112a2ba1725b349e83f42f6a6 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The mine is said to be 300-foot deep.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Assam mine tragedy: Rescue ops continue for 4th day, efforts on to dewater shaft |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/assam/story/assam-mine-tragedy-rescue-operations-continue-efforts-underway-dewater-shaft-2662202-2025-01-09 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Rescue operations ==
[[File:Rescue workers near an illegal coal mine in Umrangso, Assam.webp|thumb|Rescue workers standing near the illegal rat-hole mine]]
The [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF), [[State Disaster Response Force (Assam)|State Disaster Response Force]] (SDRF), Indian Army, and the Navy have been deployed to the site. 100 rescuers in total are said to be at the site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-08 |title=Indian army divers retrieve the body of one of at least 9 miners trapped in a flooded coal mine |url=https://apnews.com/article/coal-miners-trapped-india-assam-197ff8b4cf35728b10fc11e8b6b80b70 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> As of 16 January, the bodies of four workers are said to have been recovered from the site.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-01-15 |title=Dewatering in ill-fated Assam coal mine continues, no sign of trapped miners |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/dewatering-in-ill-fated-assam-coal-mine-continues-no-sign-of-trapped-miners/article69101101.ece |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A team from the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) has found that there were 140 million litres of water in the underground system of which the mine was a part, and that 40 million litres have been successfully removed.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=It could take 60 days to drain water from mine where 9 men perished in Assam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/10-days-after-mining-disaster-assam-cabinet-approves-judicial-inquiry-constitutes-sit-9783125/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The mine has been suspected to be connected to the [[Kopili River]] that flows in [[Meghalaya]].<ref name=":1" />

The rescue operation involves dewatering the flooded mine, but progress has been reported to be slow. Limited visibility and the instability of the mine have further impacted progress.<ref name=":0" /> A district official said that dewatering the mine and three abandoned ones nearby simultaneously with 10 pumps has failed to lower the water level, which has been reduced to about 12 metres from the 30 metres present on the day of the incident.<ref name=":1" />

After 42 days, the bodies of the remaining 5 miners were recovered after the Army and the NDRF completed the dewatering process.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |date=2025-02-19 |title=5 more bodies recovered from Umrangso coal mine after 42 days; Assam govt takes action |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/5-more-bodies-recovered-from-umrangso-coal-mine-after-42-days-assam-govt-takes-action/articleshow/118394243.cms |access-date=2025-03-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Investigation and reactions ==
The mine has been determined to be an illegal operation, being previously leased by the Assam Mineral Development Corporation (AMDC) but has been abandoned 12 years ago. Police have arrested two individuals in connection with the incident. The Chief Minister of Assam, [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]], said that the mine "prima facie appears to be an illegal one".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-12 |title=Assam mine deaths: As more bodies turn up, a political war of words |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/assam-mine-deaths-police-complaint-draws-bjp-link-to-illegal-mining-party-leader-calls-it-political-attack-9773793/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

[[Gaurav Gogoi]], a Lok Sabha MP for Assam and a [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader on 11 January wrote to the Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] demanding the constitution of an [[Special Investigation Team (India)|SIT]] to probe the incident. The Congress also has spoken about the alleged involvement of the Chief Executive member of [[Dima Hasao Autonomous Council]], Debolal Gorsola and his wife in illegal mining activities.<ref name=":2" />

On 16 January, the Assam cabinet approved a judicial inquiry and decided the constitute the SIT. The judicial inquiry will be led by Anima Hazarika, a retired judge of the [[Gauhati High Court]].<ref name=":3" /> Along with this, due to a police investigation in the Dima Hasao district, 220 other illegal mines have also been found.<ref name=":3" />

On 28 January, it was reported that the Gauhati High Court had taken ''[[Sua sponte|suo moto cognizance]]'' of the case, along with directing the state government to submit an [[affidavit]] of the case by February 7. This was done due to the role played by the government in allowing illegal mines to keep operating despite the previous order from the NGT to stop them.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-01-28 |title=Assam: Gauhati HC takes suo moto cognizance of Umrangso coal mine incident |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam-gauhati-hc-takes-suo-moto-cognizance-of-umrangso-coal-mine-incident.html |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=NorthEast Now |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Relief ==
The Assam government announced an [[Ex gratia|''ex-gratia'']] payment of ₹10 lakh (1 million) for the families of each victim involved in the incident. The amount has been partly drawn from the Chief Minister's Relief Fund.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam cabinet approves compensation, judicial, SIT |url=https://hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-cabinet-approves-compensation-judicial-sit-probe-into-coal-mine-flooding-101737022012908.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Mining scams in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Disasters in India in 2025}}
[[Category:January 2025 in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Assam]]
[[Category:Illegal mining in India]]

Sreevallabha Temple

2026-04-19T13:48:18Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Short description|Hindu temple in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup lang|date=June 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2021}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sreevallabha Temple
| native_name = ശ്രീവല്ലഭ മഹാക്ഷേത്രം
| image = Sree Vallaba Temple 5.JPG
| alt = Multicolored temple exterior, with people for scale
| caption =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Sreevallabha Temple, [[Thiruvalla]], [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.37373|76.56244|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN-KL|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
| location = [[Thiruvalla]]
| elevation_m = 29.02
| deity = {{bulletedlist|[[Mahavishnu|Sreevallabhan]], [[Sudarshana]]moorthy, Kolapiran, ThiruVaazhmarban
|Thayar: Selvathirukozhunthu Nachiyar, Vaatsalya Devi
|Prathyaksham: Khandakarnan
|Mangalasaashanam: Thirumangai Azhwar, Namm Azhwar
|Theertham: Khandakarna Theertham, Pamba nadhi}}
| facade_direction = Sreevallabhan & Sudarshanamoorthy standing; Sreevallabhan facing east, and Sudarshanamoorthy facing west
| temple_tank = Jalavanthi Theertham
| tower = Chaturanga Kola Vimanam
| festivals = Uthra Sree Bali
| architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| website = [http://www.srivallabhatemple.org www.srivallabhatemple.org]
}}

{{Hinduism small}}

The '''Sreevallabha Temple''' is an orthodox<ref name="nivi">''History of Sreevallabha Mahakshethram'', Sreekumar.V (2010). ‘’Nivedyam’’, p. 24-33. Sreevallabheswara Annadaana Samithi, Thiruvalla.</ref> [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Sreevallabha (''Vallabha'' meaning consort of ''Sree or'' [[Lakshmi]]), a form of [[Vishnu]].<ref name="sreeku">''Sreevallabhakshethram Oravalokanam'', Sreekumar.V (2006). ''Sathradeepam'', p. 39-47. Sathranirvahana Samithy, Thiruvalla.</ref> It is located in [[Thiruvalla]], [[Pathanamthitta district]], [[Kerala state]].

==Description==
One of the oldest and largest temples in [[Kerala]] and one of the 108 [[Divya Desams]],<ref name="index">{{Cite web |url=http://srivallabhatemple.org/index.htm |title=Sree vallaban Temple |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121061337/http://www.srivallabhatemple.org/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nair">‘’Sreevallabha Mahakshethram’’, Nair, P.Unnikrishnan (2006). ‘’Sathradeepam’’, p. 13–18. Sathranirvahana Samithy, Thiruvalla.</ref> it has been valued by the [[Alvars]] and reportedly mentioned in the ''[[Garuda Purana|Garuda]]'' and ''[[Matsya Purana]]s''.<ref name="index" />

According to legend, Vishnu appeared here as Sreevallabha for the sage [[Durvasa]]<ref name="sanku" /> and Khandakarnan.<ref name="nair" /> Pleased by the prayers of an old Brahmin woman, Sreevallabha incarnated as a [[Brahmacharya|Brahmachari]] and killed the demon Thokalaasuran. The deity of Sreevallabha, worshipped by [[Lakshmi]] and [[Krishna]], was installed in the temple in 59 BC.<ref name="nivi" /> Durvasa and [[Saptarishi]]<ref name="guru">{{cite web |title=Gurukulams in Namboothiri Community |url=http://www.namboothiri.com/articles/gurukulams.htm |access-date=1 April 2019 |website=www.Namboothiri.com}}</ref> are said to go to the temple every midnight.

It is known for its architecture and unique customs,<ref name="sreeku" /> and ''[[Kathakali]]'' is performed daily.<ref name="mg">"[[Tiruvalla copper plates|Thiruvalla inscriptions]]", Nair., P.Unnikrishnan, M.G. University, Kottayam.</ref> The temple contributed to the cultural and educational development of Kerala.<ref name="vk" />

==Access==
The temple is 750 meters south of the Ramapuram<ref name="nivi" /> vegetable market and 500 metres south of the [[Kavumbhagom]]<ref name="sreeku" /> junction on the [[Thiruvalla]]–[[Ambalappuzha]] state highway (SH-12). It is 2.5 km from the [[Thiruvalla]] railway station and 2 km from the [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] bus stand.<ref name="index" /> KSRTC, private bus service, and auto-taxi service is available.

==Administration==
The temple, administered by the [[Travancore Devaswom Board]],<ref name="index" /> is a major temple in the Thiruvalla group.<ref name="nair" />

==History==

Present-day Thiruvalla was one of 64 [[Namboothiri]] villages in Kerala, and is one of India's oldest settlements. Located at the mouth of the [[Manimala River]], it was known as Vallavai.<ref name="nair" /><ref name="index" /> According to another theory, it was named after the Sreevallabha Temple in colloquial [[Malayalam]].<ref name="sanku">Sankunni, Kottarathil (1992). ''Eithihyamaala'' second edition, p. 487-489. Current Books, Kottayam</ref> It was a spiritual and educational centre by 1100 CE, and had a Vedic school<ref name="guru" /> with about 1,500 students and 150 teachers. The [[Vedas]], [[Vedanta]], [[Tarka Shastra]], [[Mimamsa]], [[jyotisha]], [[ayurveda]], and [[Kalaripayattu]]<ref name="vk">{{cite web|url=http://vaikhari.org/thiruvalla.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728152321/http://vaikhari.org/thiruvalla.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 July 2011|title=Thiruvalla Sree Vallabha Temple-Diya Desam in ancient Kerala|website=Vaikhari.org|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> were taught. The temple had an ayurvedic hospital with facilities to treat 100 patients at a time. [[Nammalvar]] and [[Thirumangai Alvar]] praised the temple,<ref name="index" /><ref name="vk" /> and the Sanskrit poet [[Daṇḍin]]<ref name="nair" /> mentioned it in his works. Malayalam's earliest prose is the Thiruvalla inscriptions, dating to the first half of the 12th century CE,<ref name="nair" /> which was obtained from the temple in 1915. The 13th-century [[Unnuneeli Sandesam]] highlighted the temple.<ref name="nivi" />

It had 15 major priests and 180 subordinate priests.<ref name="ttd">Nair, Unnikrishnan.P.(1987), “sreevallabha Mahakshethra Charithram”, Thiruvalla.</ref> The temple acquired wealth,<ref name="guru" /> and served food in golden banana leaves.<ref name="sreeku" /> In 1752-1753, [[Marthanda Varma]] of Travancore captured the temple from Pathillathil Pottimar.<ref name="nivi" />

==Architecture==
[[File:Sree Vallaba Temple 1.JPG|thumb|upright=0.9|alt=Side of a closed pavilion, with the temple in the background|The Garuda [[mandapa]] and the main shrine]]
Built on the [[Manimala River]], the temple covers 8.5 acres{{snd}}the largest area of any [[Travancore]] temple.<ref name="index" /> It is surrounded by a 12-foot-tall, 566-foot-long, 4.5-foot-thick red-granite walls with a two-story ''[[gopuram]]'' (entrance tower) on each side.<ref name="sreeku" /> The wall was built in 57 BC. Outside the east wall, a 1.5-acre pond has a copper [[Flagpole|flagstaff]] on its south bank. A platform for performing ''[[Kathakali]]'' is in front of the east entrance. Inside the wall is a walking path. A dining hall is on the south-east; this is unique among other temples, whose dining halls are on the north side.<ref name="glb">Gouri Lakshmi Bayi, Aswathi Thirunal (1998), ”Thulasi Garland”, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai. I.S.B.N: 81-7276-110-4</ref> The temple auditorium and administrative offices are next to it. Smaller shrines for [[Ganapathy]] and [[Ayyappan]] and another auditorium are on the south-west side. The temple guard, on the north side of other temples, is on the south side.<ref name="nair" /> The [[sacred fig]] and [[mango]] trees beneath which [[Durvasa]] meditated are near the Ayyappan shrine. The Sankaramangalth [[Illam]], where [[Lalithambika Antharjanam]] lived, is outside the west tower. The north ''gopuram'' is only opened for Uthra Sreebali festival. A spring-fed pond, used by priests, is on the north-east. [[Vedavyasa]] and Durvasa disappeared from its east bank, and a building for priests is on the south side. North of the temple is an open-air shrine. The temple stage was destroyed by fire in 1915.<ref name="vk" />

The [[Garuda]] flagstaff,<ref name="nair" /><ref name="glb" /><ref name="fest">{{Cite web |url=http://srivallabhatemple.org/festivals.html |title=Sree vallaban Temple |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121061508/http://www.srivallabhatemple.org/festivals.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> made of black granite, stands 53.5 feet high and was built in 57 BC; its lower end reaches the water table.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=56}}</ref> The flagstaff, topped by a three-foot statue of Garuda which faces the temple, has begun leaning and is surrounded by a three-tier edifice for support. A golden flagstaff is west of it.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/35827958|title=Vallavāḻ, the Abode of Viṣṇu: Formation and Transformation|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|journal=Zeitschrift für Indologie und Südasienstudien|date=2017|publisher=Zeitschrift für Indologie und Südasienstudien, Dr. Ute Hempen Verlag, Bremen, Germany}}</ref>

West of the third flagstaff is a two-story, copper-roofed building supported by 16 stone pillars which contains a ten-foot-high [[Bali pitha|altar]] (main sacrificial stone). The pillars and roof are known for their carvings, and the building's western part has murals and a small shrine.<ref name="sreeku" /> Its central corridor leads to a 150-foot-long, 11-foot-wide building made of black stones and supported by 54 stone pillars with a [[salabhanjika]] carved on each.<ref name="index" />

The round, copper-roofed, golden-domed ''[[Garbhagriha|sreekovil]]'' is decorated with etched murals of [[Matsya]], [[Kurma]], [[Dakshinamurthy]], [[Varaha]], Ganapathy, [[Narasimha]], [[Vamana]], [[sudarshana]], [[Parashurama]], [[Rama]], [[Purusha sukta]], [[Balarama]], [[Krishna]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Kalki]] and [[Garuda]].<ref name="nair" /> The ''sreekovil'' has an outer circumference of 160 feet and three concentric walls. [[Sreevallabhan|Sreevallabha]] has a lotus in his right hand and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] is in his right upper hand; his left hand is on his waist.<ref name="glb" /> The seven-foot-tall statue is at a height of 10 feet.<ref name="ttd" /><ref name="vk" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|date=2017|title=Vallavāḻ, the Abode of Viṣṇu: Formation and Transformation|url=https://www.academia.edu/35827958|journal=Zeitschrift für Indologie und Südasienstudien|volume=34|pages=215–46}}</ref>

==Legends==
===Khandakarnan and his bells===
Despite being the son of [[Shiva]], Khandakarnan was a demon who sacrificed animals to please his father and never missed a chance to humiliate Vishnu.<ref name="dd">{{cite web |title=Kerala Temples, Thiruvalvaazh, Sri Kolapira Perumal Temple, Sri Lakshmi, Thiruvalla, Hindu Temple, Indian Temples |url=http://www.divyadesam.com/hindu/temples/kerala/tiruvalvazh-temple.shtml |access-date=1 April 2019 |website=www.divyadesam.com}}</ref> He had a pair of bells as earrings, so he could only hear the name of Shiva (which he chanted continuously). When Khandakarnan did not obtain salvation, he asked Shiva why. Since the power of Shiva and Vishnu are the same, Shiva advised him to worship Vishnu.<ref name="dd" /> Directed by Durvasa, Khandakarnan reached the jasmine forest. He bathed in the Jalavanthy pond, and the holy water cleansed him of his wrongdoings. Khandakarnan threw away his Shaiva earrings, and got a pair of Vaishnava earrings so he could only hear the name of Vishnu. During the [[Dvapara Yuga]], Vishnu appeared to him and he was liberated.<ref name="pt">{{cite web |last=S |first=Prabhu |date=14 October 2009 |title=Thiruvazh Marban Thiruvalla |url=https://prtraveller.blogspot.com/2009/10/thiruvazh-marban-in-thiruvalla.html |access-date=1 April 2019 |website=prtraveller.blogspot.com}}</ref>

===Journey of Sreevallabhan’s idol===
Soon after the construction of [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], Sagara gave many precious things (including the Sreevallabhan idol) to Krishna. Krishna gave it to his friend, [[Satyaki]], saying: "There is nothing better in the world for the worship of Vishnu than Sreevallabhan's idol. Worshipping [[Vishnu]] directly and worshipping this idol is considered the same. It has the power to wash away the sins of all the lifetimes.".<ref name="vk" /> Satyaki asked Krishna's permission to build a temple, and the celestial architect [[Vishvakarma]] built it in Dvaraka. The sage [[Vedavyasa]] installed the idol, and Durvasa taught the priests the worship protocol. During the end of [[Dvapara Yuga]], Satyaki gave the idol to [[Garuda]] and asked him to keep it safe for the humans in the [[Kali Yuga]]. Garuda went to the island of Ramanaka and worshipped it there; worshipping the idol freed him from his curses. When it was time for Garuda to return to [[Vaikuntha]], he hid the idol in the bed of the [[Netravati River]] (in present-day [[Dakshina Kannada]] district, [[Karnataka]]).<ref name="glb" />

===The envious Brahmins===
[[File:Temple pond sreevallabha temple, another view.JPG|thumb|alt=A body of water, surrounded by trees and buildings|The temple pond]]
The area around the jasmine forest became a human settlement thousands of years ago as a spiritual and educational center with great wealth and power.<ref name="sanku" /> There were at least 3,000 Brahmin families, and those from Sankaramangalath House had the highest status. The house was at risk of extinction because only an old woman and her younger son, Narayana Bhattathiri, lived there. Narayana married Sreedevi Antharjanam against the wishes of those who wanted his wealth by marrying their daughters to him. Sreedevi Antherjanam was illiterate; literacy was mandatory for Brahmins and women were well-versed in Sanskrit, and Antharjanam ignored their ridicule.<ref name="sreeku" /> The couple began fasting on [[Ekadashi]] (the 11th day of the month), which is auspicious for Vishnu. Antharjanam abstained from food and sleep, and made her servant and her son, Mukundan, do likewise.<ref name="sanku" />

===Antharjanam's humiliation and the Ekadashi miracle===
Bhattathiri died, and Antherjanam was widowed. A devotee of Vishnu, she was troubled because she could not read a ''[[panchangam]]'' (astrological calendar) to recognize Ekadshi and her illiteracy would be further ridiculed. Antherjanam learned the Ekadashi day, and she placed a pebble in a pot each day to know when 15 days had passed.<ref name="sanku" /> The actual Ekadashi was often a day earlier or later, though, due to the change in the appearance of the [[moon]]. This brought on more ridicule, but two astrologers confirmed the day as Ekadashi at the Sankaramangalath House and [[Dashami]] (the 10th day) everywhere else.<ref name="ttd" />

===Thukalasuran and Yakshi===
Mallikavanam was attacked by Thukalasuran, a demon called who robbed and was fond of eating young human flesh.<ref name="vk" /> A [[yakshini]] reached the western road to the village, attacking everyone who came in her way.<ref name="leg">{{Cite web |url=http://srivallabhatemple.org/legend.html |title=Legend |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121061527/http://www.srivallabhatemple.org/legend.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many people left Mallikavanam, which was restricted to visitors. The aged Antharjanam could not leave, and it became difficult to find a Brahmin boy to continue her religious duties. She wept in front of her Vishnu idol, asking to maintain the custom that she had been following for many years. A young Brahmin boy with a gold pole in his hand asked for food. Antharjanam was glad to see him, and asked him to come after his bath since she needed to complete the Ekadashi rituals. Disregarding her warnings, the young man approached the river where Thukalasuran lived. He and Thukalasuran fought; the golden pole turned into the [[Sudarshana Chakra]], and he killed Thukalasuran and destroyed his army.<ref name="sanku" /><ref name="vk" /><ref name="leg" /> The young man washed the blood off in the river, tied the hands of the yakshini, and threw her into a well where she died. The boy installed a [[Durga]] idol and asked the goddess to protect the town; she appeared in three area temples.<ref name="leg" />

===Installation of the Sudarshana Chakra===
The boy and five others later reached the Sankaramangalath House. Antharjanam completed the rituals and served food to them in [[areca nut]] leaves, since the [[rakshasa]] had destroyed all the [[banana]] plantations. She did not have pickles, and pickles were a customary food for Brahmins; [[Lakshmi]], disguised as a housewife, served ''thrippuli'' (a kind of [[South Asian pickle|pickle]]) to the boy.<ref name="sanku" /> Knowing that Thukalasuran had been killed by the boy, people came to visit and asked him to show them his golden pole to venerate. The boy installed the pole, facing west, on raised land east of them. Antharjanam decided to build a temple there, and asked Pathillathil Pottimar to be the administrator.<ref name="sanku" /> The boy removed his shawl, exposing his chest with the [[Shrivatsa|Srivatsa]] mark and Lakshmi; Vishnu showed his universal form ([[Vishvarupa|Vishwarupa]]) to her family. Antharjanam, her servant and her servant's son obtained salvation by merging with him. This happened in 2998 BC;<ref name="mg" /><ref name="vk" /> the five boys who accompanied Vishnu were the sage Durvasa and his disciples. The Sankaramangalath House is preserved outside the temple, near its western gate, and is considered the original temple.<ref name="leg" /><ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=547–8}}</ref>

===Installation of Sreevallabhan’s idol===
About 3,000 years after this, King Cheraman Perumal visited the temple. His wife, Queen Cherumdevi, wanted to build a shrine for Vishnu attached to the Sudarshana shrine.<ref name="vk" /> They ordered a Vishnu idol from [[Tamil Nadu]] after the temple was rebuilt. The queen dreamed that Garuda, disguised as a Brahmin, told her about Sreevallabhan's idol and asked to install it there. With the help of Garuda and the [[Tulu people|Tulu]] [[Brahmin]]s, Cheraman Perumal brought the idol from the Netravathi River to Chakrapuram for installation. During the installation ceremony, the idol did not fit on the pedestal and the priests went outside. They heard celestial instruments being played and the chanting of [[vedic]] hymns from inside. They saw the idol installed in the right place, with blazing light and bananas in an [[Areca nut palm]] leaf in front of it. [[Durvasa]] and [[Vyasa]] came out of the sanctum-sanctorum and disappeared on the eastern bank of the Jalavanthy.<ref name="leg" /> Sreevallabha Temple had been built by Uliyannoor [[Perumthachan]], and the temple wall and flagstaff were completed in one day in 57 BC.<ref name="ttd" />

===Ban of women===
After a woman received salvation in the shrine, women were more attracted to the temple. A woman who was enchanted by the handsome idol entered the sanctum sanctorum to marry Vishnu,<ref name="nair" /><ref name="vk" /> and the administrators decided to ban women from entering the temple after astrological counseling. On request, they agreed to allow women twice a year on the [[Thiruvathira|Arudra Darshanam]] day of the month of [[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]] and the Vishu-festival day in the month of [[Medam]].<ref name="glb" /> The ban was lifted in 1968.

===Vilwamangalam and Nammalvar===
One early morning, [[Vilwamangalam Swamiyar]] visited the temple while a dance troupe was performing ''[[kathakali]]''. Swamiyar was astonished at not feeling the presence of the deity. As he reached the outer enclosure, he saw a young Brahmin man watching the dance and recognised him as Vishnu. Vishnu disappeared into the temple, saying that Swamiyar disturbed his enjoyment of his favourite dance. Thereafter, Kathakali was performed regularly in the temple.<ref name="fest" /> The Vaishnavite saint [[Nammalvar]] had visited the temple in the evening and fell asleep. He dreamed that Vishnu appeared as Padmanabha, sleeping in the ocean of milk; the infant [[Krishna]] with the universe in his mouth; and [[Vamana]], who asked for three long strides of land from the [[asura]] king [[Mahabali]].<ref name="nair" /><ref name="ttd" />

==Worship customs==
At Sreevallabha Temple, Vishnu is worshipped in his cosmic, original and transcendental form (''[[purusha]]'').<ref name="jb">Janmabhoomi, Sreevallabha Temple Festival Edition, 16.02.2011, Bhattathirippad, Kaalidaasan Akkeeraman, ''Sankethika Sannidhyangalude Vaisishtyam''</ref> In the sanctum sanctorum, the top and bottom of the deity cannot be seen because ''purusha'' has no beginning or end.<ref name="nivi" /><ref name="glb" /> Clothing the deity in white or saffron suggests the eternity of ''purusha''.<ref name="jb" /> Sreevallabha Temple follows the unique Pancharaathra Vidhaanam school of worship,<ref name="vk" /><ref name="ink">{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/890599/|title=Vishnu Narayanan Namboodiri vs Travancore Devaswom Board on 9 November, 2001|website=IndianKanoon.org|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> which has been unchanged since 59 BC.<ref name="nair" />

===Pancharaathra Vidhaanam===
Pancharaathra Vidhaanam originated in 4 BC.<ref name="nair" /><ref name="ttd" /> Durvasa Samhitha (based on Pancharaathra Vidhaanam) by the sage Durvasa explains the rituals performed. The book ''Yajanavali'' is followed for worshipping Vishnu<ref name="vk" /><ref name="ink" /> Five unique ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pujas]]'' are performed, when the deity is adorned like [[Brahmacharya|Brahmachari]], [[Grihastha]] and [[Sanyasi]] in several forms.<ref name="glb" /><ref name="nair" />

===''Pujas''===
Five ''pujas'' are performed daily.<ref name="vk" /> The deity is awakened and bathed with [[Holy water#Hinduism|holy water]]. This is followed by a ''[[Prasada|naivedyam]]'' (offering). The idol is then dressed like a [[Brahmacharya|brahmachari]] in an 18-foot-long white [[mundu]] with two flower garlands.<ref name="nivi" /> After the main offering, the deity is dressed in a saffron-yellow mundu with a garland.<ref name="sreeku" /> At noon, the deity is worshipped as a ''[[Gṛhastha|grihastha]]'' (householder). In the fifth (evening) ''puja'', the deity is worshipped as ''[[Parabrahma]]''<ref name="nair" /> and dressed in a saffron-coloured mundu with a [[Ocimum tenuiflorum|tulasi]] garland. After the sleeping ceremony, the sanctum sanctorum is closed.<ref name="glb" /><ref name="pillai">Pillai, P.K Narayana, "Sreevallabhesa Suprabhatham" second edition (2005), Jayasree, Manjusree and Rajasree, Thiruvalla.</ref><ref name="vk" /><ref name="nivi" />

===Temple customs===
Sreevallabha Temple is known for its orthodox customs. Poet and high priest [[Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri]] was temporarily removed from his post in 1997 after he crossed the sea to address the Millennium Conference on Integration on Science and Consciousness in Britain, violating temple customs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/an-ocean-of-orthodoxy/203938|title=An Ocean Of Orthodoxy|website=OutlookIndia.com|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/jul/22priest.htm|title=Rediff On The NeT: Kerala temple tamasha leaves two jobless, many angry and a few laughing|website=www.Rediff.com|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/jul/15jose.htm|title=Rediff On The NeT: Kerala priest loses his job 'cos he went to London|website=www.Rediff.com|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hvk.org/articles/0897/0037.html |title=Re: Article: The call of divine duty |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=9 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309004557/http://www.hvk.org/articles/0897/0037.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindunet.org/srh_home.072799/1997_9/0100.html |title=Re: Article: The call of divine duty |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=2 August 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802140919/http://www.hindunet.org/srh_home.072799/1997_9/0100.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The chief priest should be 50 years old and married.<ref name="ttd" /> Every three years, priests can be changed. Devotees should never use sacred ash (''[[vibhuti]]'') inside the temple wall.<ref name="glb" />

===Ritual walk===
Four clockwise [[circumambulation]]s ([[Parikrama]]s) are advised in the temple: one outside and three inside. Enter through the east gate, turn left and worship Ganapathy, [[Shiva]] and [[Ayyappan]] on the southern side. After circumambulating the sacred-fig and mango trees, proceed to Sankaramangalath Illam outside the western gate.<ref name="nivi" /> Return to the temple and take the northern circumambulation path. Salute [[Kali]] at the northern gate. Visit Jalavanthy and salute Vedavyasa and Durvasa on its east bank. Turn right and worship Garuda before entering the temple. In the sanctum, worship Sreevallabha, Lakshmi, [[Bhudevi]], [[Varaha]] and [[Dakshinamurthy]] through the eastern door and [[Sudarshana Chakra]] through the western door.<ref name="nair" />

==Festivals==
[[File:Sreevallabha temple during uthsavam by Ashik Dileep.jpg|thumb|alt=Tilted photo of the lighted temple at night, reflected in water|The temple during an [[Utsava|uthsavam]]]]
The temple observes two major festivals.<ref name="pt" /> One, for ten days, is celebrated in the month of kumbham in the [[Malayalam calendar#Months|Malayalam calendar]] (February–March).<ref name="vk" /><ref name="nivi" /> Uthra Sreebali, the temple's largest festival, is celebrated in the Malayalam month of minam (March–April).<ref name="nair" /> It is the festival of three goddesses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Hundreds-witness-Uthrasreebali-at-Sreevallabha-Temple/article16612516.ece|title=Hundreds witness Uthrasreebali at Sreevallabha Temple|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 April 2009|access-date=1 April 2019|via=www.TheHindu.com|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Before their holy bath on the eighth day, the goddesses proceed to Sreevallabha Temple. [[Ashtapadi]] hymns are played, followed by dancing among lamps.<ref name="glb" /> Other festivals are [[Vishu]] (mid-April) and during the months of kaṟkkaṭakam (July–August), cinnam (August–September), tulam (October–November), vr̥ścikam (November–December) and [[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]] (December–January).<ref name="sreeku" />

==Schedule==
The temple operates from 4 a.m. to noon and 5:00 to 8:00 p.m.<ref name="pt" /><ref name="dd" /> Timings of major events are as follows. At 4 a.m. the deity is awakened.<ref name="puja" >{{Cite web |url=http://srivallabhatemple.org/pooja.html |title=Sree vallaban Temple |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121061423/http://www.srivallabhatemple.org/pooja.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The deity is viewed at 4:30, and bathed at 5:00 a.m.<ref name="nivi" /> The first ''puja'' is at 6:30, and the first outside procession (''sreebali'') is at 8:00.<ref name="nivi" /> The second ''puja'' is at 9:00,<ref name="puja" /> followed by a third at 10:45 a.m. Another procession is at 11:30, before the temple closes at noon.

It reopens at 5:00 p.m. There is a fourth ''puja'' at 7:00, and a fifth at 7:30. The third and final procession is at 8:00, before the temple closes.<ref name="puja" />

==Offerings==
The four main daily offerings are Paala Namaskaaram, [[Kathakali]], Pantheerayiram and the Kesadipaadam garland. The popular Paala Namaskaaram,<ref name="glb" /> part of the third ''puja'', is the serving of food to the deity and the Brahmins in [[areca nut palm]] leaves.<ref name="ttd" /> Kathakali is performed each evening.<ref name="fest" /><ref name="sreeku" /> Pantheerayiram is the offering of 12,001 bananas in a special ritual,<ref name="vk" /> usually made at the Pantheeradi (second) ''puja''. The Kesaadipaadam garland is a flower garland, measuring about 15 feet, which adorns the deity during the third and fourth ''pujas''.<ref name="nair" /> Other offerings are made during specific ''pujas''.<ref name="nivi" />

==See also==
* [[List of Hindu temples in Kerala]]
* [[Pathanamthitta district]]
* [[Thiruvalla]]
* {{Portal-inline|India}}
* {{Portal-inline|Hinduism}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sreevallabha_Temple&params=9_22_25.3_N_76_33_45.7_E_type:landmark GeoHack - Sreevallabha Temple]
*[http://srivallabhatemple.org/ Official website]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110728152321/http://vaikhari.org/thiruvalla.html read in vaikhari]}}
*[https://www.academia.edu/35827958/Vallav%C4%81%E1%B8%BB_the_Abode_of_Vi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87u_Formation_and_Transformation Vallavāḻ, the Abode of Viṣṇu: Formation and Transformation]

{{commons category|Sreevallabha Temple}}

{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}
{{Hinduism (compact)}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Thiruvalla]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples in Kerala]]

Craspedocephalus malabaricus

2026-04-19T10:32:28Z

Bhargava1920: added some info initial version.

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Different morphs of Malabar pit viper.jpg
| image_caption= Color morphs of ''Craspedocephalus malabaricus''
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |author3=Shankar, G. |author4=Thakur, S. |author5=Kulkarni, N.U. |author6=Jose, J. |name-list-style=amp |title='' Craspedocephalus malabaricus'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T172708A1372028 |date=2013 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172708A1372028.en }}</ref>
| genus = Craspedocephalus
| species = malabaricus
| authority = ([[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1854)
| synonyms =
{{collapsible list |
*''Trigonocephalus'' (''Cophias'') ''malabaricus'' Jerdon, 1854
*''Trigonocephalus'' (''Cophias'') ''wardii'' Jerdon, 1854
*''Trimesurus Malabaricus'' – [[Richard Henry Beddome|Beddome]], 1862
*''Trimesurus Wardii'' – Beddome, 1862
*''Trimeresurus anamallensis'' [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864
*''Crotalus Trimeres''[''urus'']. ''anamallensis'' – Higgins, 1873
*''Crotalus Trimeres''[''urus'']. ''Wardii'' – Higgins, 1873
*''B''[''othrops'']. ''anamallensis'' – [[Fritz Müller (doctor)|F. Müller]], 1878
*''Lachesis anamallensis'' – [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896
*''Lachesis malabaricus'' – [[C. R. Narayan Rao|Rao]], 1917
*''Lachesis coorgensis'' Rao, 1917
*''Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) malabaricus'' – David et al., 2011<ref>The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
}}
}}

'''''Craspedocephalus''''' '''''malabaricus''''', (formerly ''Trimeresurus malabaricus)'' commonly known as '''Malabar pit viper''', '''Malabar rock pit viper''',<ref name=Gum04>Gumprecht A, Tillack F, [[Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], Ryabov S. 2004. ''Asian Pitvipers''. Geitje Books. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> or '''rock viper''',<ref name=meh1987/> is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[pit viper]] [[species]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the high-moderate elevations of [[Western Ghats]] of southwestern [[India]]. Recently this species complex was split into three different species: ''C. malabaricus'' (north of Palghat gap), [[Craspedocephalus travancoricus|''C. travancoricus'']] (south of Shengottai gap), and [[Craspedocephalus anamallensis|''C. anamallensis'']] (south of Palghat gap up to north of Shengottai gap).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mallik |first1=Ashok Kumar |last2=Srikanthan |first2=Achyuthan Needamangalam |last3=Ganesh |first3=Sumaithangi Rajagopalan |last4=Vijayakumar |first4=Seenapuram Palaniswamy |last5=Campbell |first5=Patrick D. |last6=Malhotra |first6=Anita |last7=Shanker |first7=Kartik |date=2021-10-06 |title=Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics – A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity |url=https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/66239/ |journal=Vertebrate Zoology |volume=71 |pages=577–619 |doi=10.3897/vz.71.e66239 |doi-access=free |issn=2625-8498}}</ref>

==Description==
Adults may attain a snout-vent length (SVL) of {{cvt|105|cm|}}. The tail is [[prehensile]].<ref name="Das2002">Das, Indraneil. 2002. ''A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India''. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (''Trimeresurus malabaricus'', p. 66.)</ref>

The weakly keeled [[dorsal scale]]s are arranged in 21 or 19 rows at midbody. [[Ventral scales]] in the males number 143-158 and in females 136-159. [[Anal scale]] entire. [[Subcaudals]] paired and numbering 50-63 in males, 44-54 in females. [[Internasals]] large and usually touching. There are 9 or 10 [[supralabials]], the first completely separated from the nasal. There is a single row of scales between supralabials and elongate [[subocular]]. The [[temporal scales]] are smooth or obliquely keeled.<ref name=Whi04>[[Romulus Whitaker|Whitaker R]], Captain A. 2004. ''Snakes of India, The Field Guide''. Draco books.</ref>

Many different colour morphs are known to exist, including colours such as yellow, green, and brown. Shown here is a brown colour morph with pattern.

{{Gallery
|Malabar pit-viper morphs (head).jpg| Collage of few different morphs
|Malabar pit viper.jpg|Dorsal view
|Trimeresurus Malabaricus.JPG|Brown morph of in ambush position
|Malabarpitviperbrown.jpg|Brown morph
}}

==Distribution and habitat==
The species is endemic to [[Western Ghats]] mountains, occurring along the southern and western [[India]] at {{convert|600|-|2000|m}} elevation. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is the Western Ghats of southwestern [[India]]. Records of this species are from [[Silent Valley National Park|Silent Valley]], western [[Nilgiris]], [[Wayanad]], [[Coorg]], [[Malnad]] region of [[Karnataka]], [[Castle Rock, Karnataka|Castle Rock]], [[Goa]] and northwards into [[Maharashtra]] in the [[Amboli, Sindhudurg|Amboli]] hills and Kolhapur area.<ref name=McD99/> It inhabits riparian forests and is very partial to hill streams and torrents, situated within dense wet [[rainforest]]s, sometimes also [[evergreen]] and [[deciduous]] forests, where it may be found on the ground, on rocks present in [[stream]] beds, on low vegetation, or in [[shrub]]s.<ref name="Das2002"/>{{verify source|date=January 2019}}

==Ecology==
The Malabar pit viper is [[nocturnal]] and usually inactive in the day, sometimes seen basking on rocks or trees near streams. It is more commonly encountered during the [[monsoon]] months. The species preys upon [[frog]]s, [[lizard]]s, nestling [[bird]]s, [[musk shrew]]s, [[mice]] and other small animals.<ref name="Das2002"/>{{verify source|date=January 2019}}

==Venom==
''C. malabaricus'' is slow-moving, but capable of fast strikes. Its [[venom]] causes moderate pain and swelling to humans. These symptoms subside in a day or two.<ref name=Whi04/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=McD99>McDiarmid RW, [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
<ref name=meh1987>{{cite book |last1=Mehrtens |first1=John M. |title=Living snakes of the world in color |date=1987 |publisher=Sterling Pub. Co |isbn=978-0-8069-6460-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/livingsnakesofwo00mehr }}</ref>
*{{NRDB species|genus=Trimeresurus|species=malabaricus|date=14 November|year=2007}}
}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
*[[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon, T.C.]] 1854 ["1853"]. Catalogue of Reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal '''22''': 522-534.
*[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith, M.A.]] 1943. ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes''. Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xii + 583 pp. (''Trimeresurus malabaricus'', p. 513.)
{{Refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q109232820|from2=Q2477212}}

[[Category:Craspedocephalus|malabaricus]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1854]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Tamil Nadu]]

Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy

2026-04-16T06:19:53Z

Bhargava1920: starting some entry initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2009
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = Pinnelli Laxma Reddy
| successor = [[Julakanti Brahmananda Reddy]]
| constituency = [[Macherla Assembly constituency|Macherla]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|2|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Kandlakunta, [[Veldurthi, Palnadu district|Veldurthi Mandalam]], Guntur district (now [[Palnadu district]]), Andhra Pradesh
| spouse = Pinnelli Ramadevi
| education = [[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com]] (1991)
| alma_mater = [[Andhra Christian College|A. C. College]]
| father = Pinnelli Venkateswara Reddy
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] (until 2011)
}}
'''Pinnelli Ramakrishna''' '''Reddy''' (born 1970) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Macherla Assembly constituency]] in [[Guntur district]]. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[YSR Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macherla Assembly Election 2024: Macherla Election Winning Candidates List, Election Date, Results, Vote Share New-IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/macherla-constituency-result-1101 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Macherla Assembly Election Results 2024 {{!}} మాచర్ల ఎన్నికల ఫలితాలు 2024 {{!}} Macherla MLA Election Results |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-elections/macherla-constituency-101 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref> He was nominated again to contest the Macherla seat in the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly election]] and lost.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Annam |first=Bandhavi |date=2024-04-28 |title=YSRC aims for fifth win in Andhra's Macherla amidst TDP's quest for comeback |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Apr/28/ysrc-aims-for-fifth-win-in-andhras-macherla-amidst-tdps-quest-for-comeback |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Reddy was born in Kandlakunta village, Veldurthi mandal, Guntur district. His father's name is Pinnelli Venkateswara Reddy. He completed his intermediate, the pre university course from SKRBR college, Narasaraopet and did his B.Com. degree from [[Andhra Christian College]], Guntur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-02 |title=Pinnelli Rama Krishna Reddy {{!}} Govt.Whip {{!}} MLA {{!}} YSRCP {{!}} Macherla {{!}} A.P. |url=https://theleaderspage.com/pinnelli-rama-krishna-reddy/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Reddy started his political journey with [[Indian National Congress]]. He was a member of ZPTC before serving as MLA of Macherla representing Indian National Congress in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=వారసులొచ్చారు.. {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/politics/big-fat-political-families-ysrcp-guntur-district-1193961 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref> Reddy, who was a loyalist to [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]], resigned from the Congress and won for the second time from Macherla constituency in the [[2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=పౌరుషాల గడ్డ ..మాచర్ల {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/election-special-macherla-constituency-overview-1172586 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref> and went on to win the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macherla Election 2024: Get Latest News Updates of the Macherla Constituency Seat in Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2024. |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/macherla-constituency/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He was elected for the fourth time winning the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Annapureddy Anji Reddy of Telugu Desam Party by a margin of 21,918 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macherla Constituency Election Results 2019: Macherla Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/macherla |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-17 |title=Macherla Assembly Election Results 2024: Macherla Andhra Pradesh Election Schedule, Vote share and Results |url=https://www.loksatta.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/macherla-constituency/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> In January 2020, he was allegedly attacked by unidentified protestors who were agitating against YSRCP's announcement of three capitals for the state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teja |first=Charan |date=2020-01-08 |title=YSRCP MLA Ramakrishna Reddy attacked by unidentified protesters in Andhra |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-mla-ramakrishna-reddy-attacked-unidentified-protesters-andhra-115587 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-08 |title=Andhra Pradesh MLA Pinnelli Ramakrishna accuses TDP workers for attack on his vehicle |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/andhra-pradesh-mla-pinnelli-ramakrishna-accuses-tdp-workers-for-attack-on-his-vehicle-120010800106_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref> He again contested from the same constituency as a YSRCP candidate in the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] and lost decisively to the TDP candidate, [[Julakanti Brahmananda Reddy]], by a margin of 33,318 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Macherla Constituency Election Results 2024: Macherla Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/macherla|website=The Times of India|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
=== EVM Damage case ===
On 13 May 2024, Reddy was recorded on CCTV entering a polling booth in Macherla constituency and damaging a [[voter-verified paper audit trail]] machine at the booth.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-23 |title=YSRCP MLA Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy on the run after footage shows him damaging EVM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/mla-on-the-run-after-footage-shows-him-damaging-evm/articleshow/110347786.cms |access-date=2024-06-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A [[first information report]] was lodged against him and the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] granted him [[anticipatory bail]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-06-06 |title=EVM damage case: High Court extends bail granted to YSRCP leader Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy by a week |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/evm-damage-case-high-court-extends-bail-granted-to-ysrcp-leader-pinnelli-ramakrishna-reddy-by-a-week/article68258109.ece |access-date=2024-06-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> the [[Supreme Court of India]] barred Reddy from entering the vote counting station for his constituency on 4 June, when election results would be declared, and termed his conduct and the anticipatory bail granted to him by the Andhra Pradesh High Court as "sheer mockery of justice system".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra MLA Who Smashed EVM Barred From Entering Counting Station |url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/supreme-court-bars-andhra-mla-who-smashed-evm-from-entering-counting-station-on-june-4-5805360 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2024-06-03 |title=Conduct of YSRCP MLA in smashing EVM-VVPAT in polling booth a 'mockery of the system', SC says |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/conduct-of-ysrcp-mla-in-smashing-evm-vvpat-in-polling-booth-a-mockery-of-the-system-sc-says/article68246187.ece |access-date=2024-06-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
He was subsequently arrested and jailed for 90 days in Nellore jail for investigation.

===Palnadu Double Murder case===
Reddy and his brother Pinnelli Venkatarami Reddy were named among the accused in the brutal killing of two TDP workers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Andhra Pradesh MLA, brother booked for double murder|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/May/26/former-andhra-pradesh-mla-brother-booked-for-double-murder|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-05-26|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref> The victims were allegedly chased, rammed with a Scorpio, dragged along the road and finally bludgeoned to death.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pinnelli brothers booked in double murder case|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/pinnelli-brothers-booked-in-double-murder-case-974215|website=www.thehansindia.com|date=2025-05-26|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en|first=The Hans|last=India}}</ref> Andhra Pradesh High Court dismissed the anticipatory bail petitions filed by Reddy and his brother citing the seriousness of the charges and the need for custodial interrogation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AP HC rejects anticipatory bail for Pinnelli brothers in TDP leaders' murder case|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Aug/30/ap-hc-rejects-anticipatory-bail-for-pinnelli-brothers-in-tdp-leaders-murder-case|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-08-30|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref> The Supreme Court upheld the AP High Court decision and dismissed the anticipatory bail petitions of Reddy and his brother. The court directed both brothers to surrender within two weeks and expressed displeasure over the alleged access to case diary material even before the chargesheet was filed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SC Rejects Anticipatory Bail For Pinnelli Brothers In Double Murder Case|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/sc-rejects-anticipatory-bail-for-pinnelli-brothers-in-double-murder-case-1920351|website=www.deccanchronicle.com|date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en|first=D. C.|last=Correspondent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SC dismisses pre-arrest bail plea of former Andhra MLA Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy in double-murder case|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/sc-dismisses-pre-arrest-bail-plea-of-former-andhra-mla-pinnelli-ramakrishna-reddy-in-double-murder-case20251128185138/|website=ANI News|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Unacceptable': Supreme Court Asks Who Pinnelli Brothers Accessed Case Diary In TDP Workers' Murder Case; Refuses Anticipatory Bail|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-pinnelli-brothers-tdp-activists-double-murder-anticipatory-bail-dismissed-slammed-for-obtaining-case-diary-s161-statement-311487|website=www.livelaw.in|date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en|first=Debby|last=Jain}}</ref>

== Electoral statistics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"
|-
!#
!Year
!Constituency
!Party
!Opponent
! Votes
! Vote %
! Margin
! Result
|-
|1
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|rowspan=5|[[Macherla Assembly constituency|Macherla]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Julakanti Brahmananda Reddy]]
| 66,953
| 58,720
| +9,785
|{{WON}}
|-
|2
|[[2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election|2012]]
|rowspan=4 | [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|Chirumamilla Madhu Babu
| 79,751
| 64,272
| +15,479
|{{WON}}
|-
|3
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| Kommareddy Chalama Reddy
| 92,249
| 90,714
| +3,535
|{{WON}}
|-
|4
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Annapureddy Anji Reddy
| 1,10,406
| 88,488
| +21,918
|{{WON}}
|-
|5
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Julakanti Brahmananda Reddy]]
| 89,095
| 1,22,413
| -33,318
|{{lost}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramakrishna Reddy, Pinnelli}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]

Govind Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:23:04Z

Bhargava1920: added first details from scratch.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Govind Nagar
| constituency_no = 212
| map_image = 212-Govind Nagar.svg
| mla = [[Surendra Maithani]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Satya Dev Pachauri]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur Nagar]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,62,102 (2024)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Govind Nagar Assembly constituency''' is one of 403 legislative assemblies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]. It is part of the [[Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency|Kanpur]] Lok Sabha constituency.

==Overview==
Govindnagar comprises Armapur Estate (CT), Wards No. 11, 19, 22, 37, 42, 48, 49, 50, 59, 60, 61, 80, 85, 92, and 101 in Kanpur Municipal Corporation of 2-Kanpur Sadar Tehsil.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Govind Nagar Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/govind-nagar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Prabhakar Tripathi
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|[[Sant Singh Yusuf]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ganesh Dutt Vajpayee
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vilayati Ram Katyal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Bal Chandra Misra]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ajay Kapoor (politician)|Ajay Kapoor]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Satyadev Pachauri|Satya Dev Pachauri]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|2019^
| rowspan="2" |[[Surendra Maithani]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}
* *By Election

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kanpur|Govind Nagar]]<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Surendra Maithani]]
|votes = {{formatnum:117501}}
|percentage = 61.13
|change = +11.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Samrat Vikash Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:36605}}
|percentage = 19.05
|change = +9.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Karishma Thakur
|votes = {{formatnum:26267}}
|percentage = 13.67
|change = -18.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Kaliya
|votes = {{formatnum:8333}}
|percentage = 4.34
|change = -0.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Kawardeep Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2141}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1094}}
|percentage = 0.57
|change = -0.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:80896}}
|percentage = 42.08
|change = +24.42
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:192202}}
|percentage = 54.66
|change = +21.24
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=By-Election, 2019: Govind Nagar<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Surendra Maithani]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 60,237
|percentage = 50.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Karishma Thakur
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 38,993
|percentage = 32.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Samrat Vikash Yadav
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 11,915
|percentage = 9.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Devi Prasad Tewari
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 5,434
|percentage = 4.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|candidate = [[Devendra Kumar Singh]]
|party = Independent
|votes = 1,524
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,004
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 21,244
|percentage = 17.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 120,255
|percentage = 33.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: [[Govind Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Satya Dev Pachauri]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:112029}}
|percentage = 60.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ambuj Shukla
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:40520}}
|percentage = 21.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nirmal Tiwari
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:28795}}
|percentage = 15.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1247}}
|percentage = 0.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:71509}}
|percentage = 38.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185258}}
|percentage = 53.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +25.14
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: [[Govind Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Satya Dev Pachauri]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 57,156
|percentage = 35.33
|change = +6.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dr. Shailendra Dixit
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 44,779
|percentage = 27.68
|change = -17.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sachin Tripathi
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 30,963
|percentage = 19.14
|change = +9.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ashok Anshwani
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 16,424
|percentage = 10.15
|change = -2.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Balvir Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,494
|percentage = 0.92
|change = +0.92
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,377
|percentage = 7.65
|change = -9.05
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,61,755
|percentage = 49.20
|change = +10.75
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = -10.28
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2007===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2007]]: [[Govind Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ajay Kapoor (politician)|Ajay Kapoor]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,10,478
|percentage = 45.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hanuman Mishra
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 70,018
|percentage = 28.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Virendra Dubey
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 31,293
|percentage = 12.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar Tiwari
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 23,274
|percentage = 9.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ajay Awasthi
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,232
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 40,460
|percentage = 16.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,42,228
|percentage = 38.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2002===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2002]]: [[Govind Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ajay Kapoor (politician)|Ajay Kapoor]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,17,208
|percentage = 56.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 64,248
|percentage = 30.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[O. P. Sharma (magician)|Jadoogar Om Prakash Sharma]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 12,748
|percentage = 6.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lakhan Lal Tripathi
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 8,330
|percentage = 3.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sunil Kumar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,528
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 52,960
|percentage = 25.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,08,956
|percentage = 35.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 1996]]: [[Govind Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,03,667
|percentage = 52.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ganga Singh
|votes = 51,041
|percentage = 25.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Om Prakash
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 32,220
|percentage = 16.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Naveen Pandit
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 7,112
|percentage = 3.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Manjul Nigam
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
|votes = 678
|percentage = 0.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 52,626
|percentage = 23.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,97,635
|percentage = 36.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1993===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|Uttar Pradesh assembly elections, 1993]]: Govind Nagar}}
<ref name="election2014">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140221150055/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=754&cid=213 Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2012]}}</ref>
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 92,493
|percentage = 47.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ajay Kapoor (politician)|Ajay Kapoor]]
|votes = 49,961
|percentage = 25.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Virendra Dubey
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 40,287
|percentage = 20.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Suraj Pal Singh Yadav
|party = Janata Dal
|votes = 6,959
|percentage = 3.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajesh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 370
|percentage = 0.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 42,532
|percentage = 21.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,94,268
|percentage = 53.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin | title=U. P. Assembly Election, 1991: Govind Nagar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 56,519
|percentage = 46.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ajay Kapoor (politician)|Ajay Kapoor]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 32,207
|percentage = 26.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bishambhar Singh Yadav
|party = Janata Party
|votes = 16,316
|percentage = 13.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Raghu Nath Singh
|party = Janata Dal
|votes = 7,255
|percentage = 5.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Radha Krishna Pal
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 6,230
|percentage = 5.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 24,312
|percentage = 19.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,22,234
|percentage = 35.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin | title=U. P. Assembly Election, 1989: Govind Nagar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 51,706
|percentage = 41.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vidya Rani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 25,761
|percentage = 20.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vinod Dixit
|party = Janata Dal
|votes = 20,334
|percentage = 16.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Suraj Pal
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 7,894
|percentage = 6.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bipin Kant Tiwari
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 4,152
|percentage = 3.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 25,945
|percentage = 20.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,24,323
|percentage = 36.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1985===
{{Election box begin | title=U. P. Assembly Election, 1985: Govind Nagar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vilayati Ram Katyal]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 26,060
|percentage = 40.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 21,836
|percentage = 34.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Brij Kishore Misra
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 5,097
|percentage = 7.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Jagdeo Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,725
|percentage = 7.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Triveni Shanker
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 981
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4,224
|percentage = 6.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 63,796
|percentage = 29.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}
{{Kanpur}}

[[Category:Politics of Kanpur]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kanpur Nagar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Satyapal Singh Rathore

2026-04-12T01:01:09Z

Bhargava1920: started bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Satyapal Singh Rathore
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]]
| constituency = [[Aliganj Assembly constituency|Aliganj]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| assembly = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Rameshwar Singh Yadav]]
| successor = Incumbent
| term_start = 25 March 2022
| term_end =
| source =
| party = [[BJP]]
| birth_name =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
}}

'''Satyapal Singh Rathore''' is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]], representing the [[Aliganj Assembly constituency]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/aliganj-election-results-in-uttar-pradesh/|title=Aliganj (Uttar Pradesh) Assembly Election Results 2022: Candidate List, Winner, Runner-Up, Latest News and Updates, Videos , Photos|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/uttar-pradesh/aliganj-assembly-election-result-2022-aliganj-vidhan-sabha-natija-2022-satyapal-singh-rathore-vs-rameshwar-singh-yadav-2442444.html|title=Aliganj Assembly Election result 2022 (Aliganj Vidhan Sabha Natija 2022): BJPs Satyapal Singh Rathore wins|website=Zee News|first=Ritesh K|last=Srivastava|date=10 March 2022|accessdate=1 August 2024}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Following the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections]], he won the seat by defeating [[Rameshwar Singh Yadav]] of the [[Samajwadi Party]] with a margin of 2800 votes which is very close .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/aliganj-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923132-2022-03-09|title=Aliganj, Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP retains Aliganj seat, Satyapal Singh Rathore wins with 36543 votes|website=India Today|date=10 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/aliganj-784854127|title=Aliganj, Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2022 – Get Aliganj constituency news updates and complete details|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Satyapal Singh}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan (TV series)

2026-04-05T22:49:08Z

Bhargava1920: made new entry

{{short description|Indian Malayalam Television Series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan TV series.jpeg
| animator = S.N.ifecks Sarath Vinu
| location = [[Kayamkulam]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 19 - 25 minutes
| story = [[G.S Anil]]
| producer = Raghunath
| writer = [[G.S Anil]]
| director = K.K.Vinayan [[M. Padmakumar]]
| cinematography = Abhijith Abhilash
| editor = Jiju Poovanchira Arun Dileep editland
| executive_producer = M.Mahesh Kumar Sajeed Pathalathu
| language = Malayalam
| country = India
| channel = [[Surya TV]]
| genre = [[Historical fiction]]
| last_aired = {{End date|2017|06|16|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2016|12|12|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 143
| num_seasons = 1
| related = [[Kayamkulam Kochunni (TV series)|Kayamkulam Kochunni]]
}}

'''''Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan''''' ({{Translation|Son of Kayamkulam Kochunni}}) is an Indian Malayalam Television Series which aired on Surya TV and Streamed on Sun NXT from 12 December 2016 to 16 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan Malayalam Serial Surya TV From 12th December|url=https://www.keralatv.in/kayamkulam-kochunniyude-makan/|website=Keralatv.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan serial on Surya TV starts from 12 December 2016|url=https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2016/12/kayamkulam-kochunniyude-makan-serial.html|website=Vinodadharshan.com}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite news|title='Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan' cast to play Deal Or No Deal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kayamkulam-kochunniyude-makan-cast-to-play-deal-or-no-deal/articleshow/58379696.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Arya|last=UR|date=26 April 2017|accessdate=21 May 2023}}</ref> It is sequel to 2004 TV series ''Kayamkulam Kochunni''.

== Plot ==
Execution of the legendary thief Kayamkulam Kochunni known to have been a help and comfort to the poor. His son Sulthan grew up with his mind filled with revenge as he could not find an explanation for why his father who helped the poor was punished. Through his family moved away from his ancestral place, Sulthan plans to return.

== Cast ==
===Main===
* Askar Ameer as Sultan; Son of [[Kayamkulam Kochunni]]<ref>{{Cite web|title='Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan' on Surya TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kayamkulam-kochuniyude-makan-on-surya-tv/articleshow/55978745.cms|website=Timesofindia.entertainmenttimes.com}}</ref>
* [[Shalu Kurian]] as Naseema
* [[Premi Viswanath]] as Thamara

===Recurring===
*Suchithra Nair
*[[Anju Aravind]]
* [[Anoop Chandran]]
* [[Hareesh Peradi]]
* Sreeraman
* [[Sasi Kalinga]]
* Mohanraj
*Nila Raj
*[[Idavela Babu]]
*[[Anand (actor)|Anand Bharathi]]
*Kumarakom Raghunath
*[[V. K. Sreeraman]]
*Sabitha Nair as Mathangi

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Sun Surya original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]

Pradeep Narwal

2026-04-05T21:11:36Z

Bhargava1920: starting first details first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pradeep Narwal
| office = [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] Secretary
| birth_date = June 1991 (33)
| birth_place = [[Sonipat|Sonipat, Haryana]]
| image = [[File:Pradeep Narwal.png|frameless|center|200px]]
| caption = Pradeep Narwal in 2024
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (MA)
| profession = [[Politician]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Pradeep Narwal''' (born June 1991){{Citation needed|date=January 2025|reason=BLP}} is an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). He serves as the national secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]] (AICC) and Co-Incharge for [[Uttar Pradesh]]. A prominent Dalit leader and [[Ambedkarite Party of India|Ambedkarite]] activist, Narwal is known for his close association with the top leadership of the Indian National Congress, and he worked as the [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] secretary working closely with [[Priyanka Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-10-05 |title=Also in Haryana race a Priyanka Gandhi pick and rising Dalit voice, Pardeep Narwal |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/haryana-assembly-elections-pradeep-narwal-priyanka-gandhis-protege-break-cong-factional-divides-emerge-young-dalit-face-9601188/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-25 |title=Who is Pradeep Narwal, Team Priyanka Gandhi's nominee in Haryana polls? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/who-is-pradeep-narwal-team-priyanka-gandhis-nominee-in-haryana-polls-2606301-2024-09-25 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Pradeep Narwal was born and raised in Kathura village, [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]]. Growing up in a rural setting, he experienced firsthand the challenges faced by Dalit communities, which shaped his understanding of social issues. Narwal pursued higher education at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) in Delhi, where he became actively involved in student politics, particularly advocating for the rights of Dalit students and marginalized communities. His involvement in [[social justice]] movements at JNU strengthened his political career and solidified his commitment to the upliftment of the oppressed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-27 |title=प्रदीप नरवाल बने कांग्रेस कमेटी के राष्ट्रीय सचिव, प्रियंका गांधी के साथ लगे यूपी के सह प्रभारी - mobile |url=https://m.haryana.punjabkesari.in/haryana/news/pradeep-narwal-becomes-national-secretary-of-congress-committee-1356601 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Narwal began his political journey at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) by joining the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP), a student organisation affiliated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). He served as the Joint Secretary of the ABVP's JNU unit. In February 2016, following the controversial events at JNU and the handling of the [[Rohith Vemula]] case, Narwal resigned from the ABVP, expressing concerns over the organization's approach and the portrayal of JNU as 'anti-national.'<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-19 |title='Could not stand govt's oppression' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/could-not-stand-govts-oppression/articleshow/51047445.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-19 |title=JNU students who quit ABVP speak their mind |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/jnu-abvp-leaders-resign/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

After leaving ABVP, Narwal joined the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), where he continued his [[political activism]]. His transition from ABVP to Congress marked a shift in his political views and his commitment to addressing issues he felt were not adequately addressed by his previous affiliation.

A firm Ambedkarite, Narwal has been an outspoken advocate for the upliftment of Dalits and marginalized communities, aligning himself with the ideals of [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar]]. His advocacy for Dalit rights has earned him a reputation as a leader committed to [[social equality]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Rukmini |date=2021-04-14 |title=We want dignity and representation of Dalit people: Pradeep Narwal |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/videos/pradeep-narwal-we-want-dignity-and-representation-of-our-people |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Narwal is considered a trusted ally of the Gandhi family, particularly after becoming an active member of the [[Congress party]], where he has continued to champion Dalit rights and social justice—key areas of focus for the party. His strong alignment with the Congress leadership, particularly with [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Priyanka Gandhi]], has positioned him as a significant voice within the party, advocating for Dalit empowerment and other social causes.

Narwal is considered a trusted ally of the Gandhi family, particularly after becoming an active member of the Congress party. He worked as the national secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]] (AICC) for [[Uttar Pradesh]], where he closely collaborated with [[Priyanka Gandhi]] and the party's high command in the state. Narwal has continued to champion Dalit rights and social justice—key areas of focus for the party. His strong alignment with the Congress leadership, especially with Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, has positioned him as a significant voice within the party, advocating for Dalit empowerment and other social causes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress |url=https://inc.in/aicc-office-bearers/secretaries |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en}}</ref>

Congress has appointed Pradeep Narwal as a member of the party's three-member screening committee for the upcoming [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-26 |title=Cong's Dalit face Narwal gets Delhi poll role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/congress-appoints-pradeep-narwal-as-delhi-poll-screening-committee-member-marks-new-era-for-dalit-representation/articleshow/115674140.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== 2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly Elections ==
In the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]s, Pradeep Narwal was fielded by the Indian National Congress (INC) High Command as the party's candidate for the [[Bawani Khera Assembly constituency]]. His candidature marked a significant step in the party's efforts to strengthen its Dalit leadership and expand its appeal in Haryana. Narwal's campaign gained considerable attention when [[Priyanka Gandhi]], a prominent Congress leader, held a rally in his support, emphasising his commitment to social justice and his efforts to uplift marginalized communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cong high command's prestige at stake in Bawani Khera |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/cong-high-commands-prestige-at-stake-in-bawani-khera/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-03 |title=Congress High Command rallies behind Young Dalit Leader with Priyanka Gandhi Mega Rally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/congress-high-command-rallies-behind-young-dalit-leader-with-priyanka-gandhi-mega-rally/articleshow/113915672.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Despite a fierce contest, Narwal performed admirably in the election, securing a strong share of the vote. Despite securing a significantly higher vote share compared to the previous election, he narrowly lost the seat. His performance was seen as a victory for the Dalit cause, reflecting the growing support for a new generation of Dalit leaders in mainstream politics. His campaign, which focused on local issues such as [[economic development]], [[infrastructure]], and the rights of [[Marginalised communities|marginalized communities]], was widely recognised. Narwal's resilience and strong performance in the face of tough competition have positioned him as a prominent political figure, with his efforts to represent the Dalit community continuing to resonate in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-28 |title=प्रदीप नरवाल ने हरियाणा कांग्रेस की दलित राजनीति में रखा कदम - mobile |url=https://m.haryana.punjabkesari.in/haryana/news/pradeep-narwal-stepped-into-dalit-politics-of-haryana-congress-1831548#google_vignette |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Ensuring adequate potable water in every village top priority' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/ensuring-adequate-potable-water-in-every-village-top-priority/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Ambedkarism ==
Pradeep Narwal is a strong advocate for Dalit rights and is committed to [[Ambedkarism]], following the principles of [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar]], which emphasise social justice, equality, and the upliftment of marginalized communities. Narwal actively fights for the rights of Dalits, ensuring their voices are heard and represented in political spaces. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Rukmini |date=2021-04-14 |title=We want dignity and representation of Dalit people: Pradeep Narwal |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/videos/pradeep-narwal-we-want-dignity-and-representation-of-our-people |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narwal, Pradeep}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Sonipat district]]

Ramaraju (actor)

2026-04-05T19:09:33Z

Bhargava1920: starting first entry v1

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramaraju
| image =
| caption =
| other_names = Mahadevan (in Tamil and Malayalam)
| years_active = 1980–present
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|05|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], United Kingdom<ref name="hmtv">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVL4fSHDZ_U |title=Actor Ramaraju Exclusive Interview {{!}} Coffees & Movies {{!}} HMTV |date=22 February 2016 |last=[[HMTV]] |type=Television production |language=te |time=1m2s |access-date=21 January 2026 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| citizenship = Indian
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Ramaraju''' (born 6 May 1961), also known as '''Mahadevan''', is an Indian actor who works predominantly in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films. He first appeared in the Telugu film ''[[Challenge Ramudu]]'' (1980) and is best known for ''[[Aswini (film)|Aswini]]'' (1991), ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003), ''[[Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha]]'' (2016) and ''[[Uppena]]'' (2021).

== Early life and career ==
Ramaraju was born in [[London]], United Kingdom into a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family. During his birth in London, his father was a doctor and had moved there for higher studies. Their family later moved to [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], where he was raised and completed his studies.<ref name="hmtv" />

Ramaraju debuted with the Telugu film ''[[Challenge Ramudu]]'' (1980) and later worked as an assistant cameraman in Malayalam films. He moved to [[Hyderabad]] in 1999 for a career in films. Since early 2000s he became an active actor and got his breakthrough portraying the antagonist in the [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s Tamil film ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003).<ref name="hmtv" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pitamagan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pitamagan-review-tamil-13291501.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818095134/http://www.sify.com/movies/pitamagan-review-tamil-13291501.html |archive-date=18 August 2014 |access-date=7 September 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> He reprised his role in the Kannada remake ''[[Anatharu]]'' (2007).<ref name="R">{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/14ssanaa.htm | title=Upendra shines in Anaatharu |work=[[Rediff.com]]|quote=Mahadevan, the villain had acted in the original has been retained in Kannada also}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Telugu films===
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[Challenge Ramudu]]'' (1980)
*''[[Vande Mataram (1985 film)|Vande Mataram]]'' (1985)
*''Illaliko Pariksha'' (1985)
*''[[Aswini (film)|Aswini]]'' (1991)
*''Muddayi Muddugumma'' (1995)
*''[[Mrugam]]'' (1996)
*''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam]]'' (1996)
*''[[Anaganaga Oka Roju]]'' (1996)
*''[[Anthapuram (1998 film)|Anthapuram]]'' (1998)
*''[[Kauravudu]]'' (2000)
*''[[Vijayaramaraju]]'' (2000)
*''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'' (2001)
*''[[Seema Simham]]'' (2002)
*''[[Bharatasimha Reddy]]'' (2002)
*''[[Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi]]'' (2003)
*''[[Palnati Brahmanayudu]]'' (2003)
*''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]]'' (2003)
*''[[143 (2004 film)|143]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Pandem]]'' (2005)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-pandem.html | title=Pandem - Telugu cinema Review - Jagapati Babu, Kalyani }}</ref>
* ''Are'' (2005)
*''[[Hungama (2005 film)|Hungama]]'' (2005)
*''[[Oka Oorilo]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Chinnodu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Souryam]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Ekaloveyudu]]'' (2008)
* ''Venkatadri'' (2009)
* ''[[Manasara (film)|Manasara]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Kalyanram Kathi]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Damarukam]]'' (2012)
*''[[Dalam]]'' (2013)
*''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'' (2014)
*''Vinavayya Ramayya'' (2015)
*''[[Soggade Chinni Nayana]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha]]'' (2016)
*''[[Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka|Malupu]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]'' (2017)
*''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Mahanubhavudu]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Middle Class Abbayi]]'' (2018)
*''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]'' (2018)
*''[[Saakshyam]]'' (2018)
* ''Anthaku Minchi'' (2018)
* ''[[Padi Padi Leche Manasu]]'' (2018)
*''[[Uppena]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Ardha Shathabdam]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Mercy Killing]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Zebra (film)|Zebra]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Nidurinchu Jahapana]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Mithra Mandali]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Shambhala (2025 film)|Shambhala]]'' (2025)
{{Colend}}

=== Tamil films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Pithamagan]]'' || Sekar Vasudevan ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahadevan : Biography, Age, Movies, Family, Photos, Latest News |url=https://filmyfocus.com/celebs/mahadevan |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Filmy Focus |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004 || ''[[Chatrapathy (2004 film)|Chatrapathy]]'' || Chakravarthy ||
|-
| ''[[Azhagesan]]'' || Neelakandan ||
|-
| ''[[Attagasam]]'' || Samudrakani Annachi ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2005
|''[[Daas (2005 film)|Daas]]''
|Minister Gurumoorthy
|
|-
|''[[Aanai]]''
|Police Inspector
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2006 || ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi]]'' || Charu's uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Mercury Pookkal]]'' || Rathnam ||
|-
| ''[[Thagapansamy]]'' || Shanmugam ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2007 || ''[[Muruga (film)|Muruga]]'' || Vinayaka Murthy ||
|-
| ''[[Achacho]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pirappu]]'' || Maradhu ||
|-
| ''[[Sabari (2007 film)|Sabari]]'' || Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]'' || Astrologer ||
|-
| ''[[Ammuvagiya Naan]]'' || Nathan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''[[Pirivom Santhippom]]'' || Saathappan ||
|-
| ''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]'' || Shenba’s father ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009 || ''[[Nesi (film)|Nesi]]'' || Anjali's father ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nesi review. Nesi Tamil movie review, story, rating |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nesi-review-tamil-movie-10570 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mathiya Chennai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Odipolama]]'' || Anjali's uncle ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Ayyanar (film)|Ayyanar]]'' || Politician ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || ''[[Kaavalan]]'' || Devarajan ||
|-
| ''[[Appavi]]'' || Susa ||
|-
| ''[[Ayyan (film)|Ayyan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sadhurangam (2011 film)|Sadhurangam]]'' || Singaperumal ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Maasi (film)|Maasi]]'' || Maasilamani's senior officer ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013 || ''[[Alex Pandian]]'' || Swamiji ||
|-
| ''[[Karuppampatti]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Vellai Desathin Idhayam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2014 || ''[[Pannaiyarum Padminiyum]]'' || Shanmugam||
|-
| ''[[Dalam|Koottam]]'' || N. Laxman || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Koottam |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/koottam/cast/2000326370/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sooran (film)|Sooran]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Meagamann]]'' || Chitti ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015 || ''[[Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka]]'' || Minister Duraiarasan ||
|-
| ''[[Vaalu]]'' || Priya's father ||
|-
|2017
| ''143'' || ||
|}

=== Malayalam films ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Orkkappurathu]]'' || J. J. Mansion's henchman
|-
| 2004 ||''[[Natturajavu]]''||Pulikattil Mathachan
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Ee Pattanathil Bhootham]]'' || Sathyatheerdhan / Raghavendran
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Thanthonni]]'' || Hafees Ali Ibrahim
|-
|2011||''[[Sevenes]]''|| Ramakrishna Moorthy
|}

=== Kannada film ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Anatharu]]'' ||Estate Owner ||<ref name="R"/>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Network
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Suryavamsam (Tamil series)|Suryavamsam]]'' || || Tamil || [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[Recce (web series)|Recce]]'' || Ranganayakulu || rowspan="4" |Telugu || rowspan="3" |[[ZEE5]]
|-
| ''[[Maa Neella Tank]]'' || Narasimham
|-
| rowspan=2|2025 || ''[[Viraatapalem]]'' || Village president
|-
|''[[Devika & Danny]]'' || priest ||[[JioHotstar]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1686044}}

{{authority control}}
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from London]]

Naresh (actor)

2026-03-22T17:58:27Z

Bhargava1920: add citations after review and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian actor, politician and social activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Naresh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Vijaya Krishna Naresh<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu actor-director, Guinness Record holder, Vijaya Nirmala passes away at 73|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/jun/27/telugu-film-director-guinness-world-record-holder-vijaya-nirmala-passes-away-at-73-1996091.html|access-date=2020-08-30|website=The New Indian Express|date=27 June 2019|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213617/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/jun/27/telugu-film-director-guinness-world-record-holder-vijaya-nirmala-passes-away-at-73-1996091.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|01|20|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Atluri|first=Sri|title=Nalugu Stambhalata (1982)|url=https://archive.telugucinema.com/Nalugu-Stambhalata-1982|access-date=2023-07-16|website=Telugu Cinema|date=7 February 2016 }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Hindupur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|politician|social activist}}
| parents = [[Vijaya Nirmala]] (mother) K. S. Murthy (father)
| family = See [[List of South Indian film families#Nidudavolu family|Nidudavolu Family]]
| spouse =Rekha Supriya (divorced) Ramya Raghupati (divorced) {{marriage|[[Pavitra Lokesh]]|2023}}
| children = 3
| yearsactive = 1970–present
}}

'''Vijaya Krishna Naresh''' (born 20 January 1960), known [[Mononymous person|mononymously]] as '''Naresh''', is an Indian actor, politician, and activist, known mainly for his work in [[Telugu cinema]] and television.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/acting-my-profession-politics-passion-naresh/article6557056.ece|title=Acting my profession, politics passion: Naresh|first=M.|last=Srinivas|date=2 November 2014|access-date=18 July 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418192808/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/acting-my-profession-politics-passion-naresh/article6557056.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He began his acting career as a child artist in 1970 and went on to feature in approximately 200 films. Some of his notable films are ''[[Nalugu Stambhalata (film)|Nalugu Stambhalata]]'' (1982), ''[[Rendu Jella Sita]]'' (1983), ''[[Sreevariki Prema Lekha]]'' (1984), ''[[Sri Kanaka Mahalaxmi Recording Dance Troupe]]'' (1987), ''[[Manasu Mamatha]]'' (1990), ''[[Chitram! Bhalare Vichitram!!]]'' (1991), [[Jamba Lakidi Pamba (1992 film)|''Jamba Lakidi Pamba'']] (1992) and ''[[Samajavaragamana (film)|Samajavaragamana]]'' (2023).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.teluguodu.com/united-nations-organization-to-honour-naresh-photos/|title=United Nations Organization To Honour Naresh Photos|website=Teluguodu.com|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418022132/https://teluguodu.com/united-nations-organization-to-honour-naresh-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfpc.in/united-nations-organization-to-honour-naresh-photos/|title=United Nations organization to Honour Naresh|date=20 March 2018|website=TFPC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323030942/http://www.tfpc.in/united-nations-organization-to-honour-naresh-photos/|archive-date=23 March 2018|access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref>

Naresh received the state [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] for ''[[Sogasu Chuda Taramaa?]]'' (1995), the [[Nandi Special Jury Award]] for ''[[Chitram Bhalare Vichitram]]'' (1991), and the platinum award for best feature film, ''Parampara''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2014/naresh-parampara-gets-platinum-award-in-indonesia-160315.html|title=Naresh's Parampara Awarded Platinum Award in Indonesia|date=26 September 2014|website=Filmibeat.com|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111000/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2014/naresh-parampara-gets-platinum-award-in-indonesia-160315.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2014). He has also received one Television [[Nandi Award]] for his work in [[Doordarshan]]'s ''Munimanikyam Gari Kantham Kadhalu''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5qwFMJ4Mh4|title=Hey hhro Naresh Open Heart with RK part 2 of 2|via=YouTube|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526072026/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5qwFMJ4Mh4|url-status=live}}</ref>

He starred in the films ''[[Shrutilayalu]]'' (1987), that premiered at the [[International Film Festival of India]] and ''Hindustan The Mother'' (2000), which premiered at the International Film Festival of India, [[BFI London Film Festival]] and [[Mumbai Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP2001Award.aspx?PdfName=IP2001.pdf|title=Directorate of Film Festival|website=Iffi.nic.in|access-date=1 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711200055/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP2001Award.aspx?PdfName=IP2001.pdf|archive-date=11 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/raug2001/11082001/r110820011.html|title=Latest Releases|website=Pib.nic.in|access-date=1 October 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033251/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/raug2001/11082001/r110820011.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8b477ad2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006162506/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8b477ad2|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-10-06|title=HINDUSTAN THE MOTHER|publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaifilmfest.org/index.php?page=archives&year=2001|title=Mumbai Film Festival – Archives|website=Mumbaifilmfest.org|access-date=1 October 2014|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110005/http://www.mumbaifilmfest.org/index.php?page=archives&year=2001|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007 he appeared in ''[[Mee Sreyobhilashi]]'', which also premiered at the International Film Festival of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news287.html|title=Telugu cinema news -|website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> In 2014, he acted in ''Parampara'', which won the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International [[Indonesian Movie Awards]], and premiered at the [[Jakarta International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/international-recognition-for-parampara-telugu-news-115048|title=International recognition for 'Parampara'|website=Indiaglitz.com|date=25 September 2014|access-date=20 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034333/https://www.indiaglitz.com/international-recognition-for-parampara-telugu-news-115048|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://paramparathemovie.com/|title=Parampara Telugu Movie 2014|website=Paramparathemovie.com|access-date=28 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923072950/http://paramparathemovie.com/|archive-date=23 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Naresh received the ''Servant of the Poor'' award on the occasion of the 4th national meet of CNRI held during 4–6 November 2009 at New Delhi, presented by the union Minister for Rural Development [[C. P. Joshi]]. In 2017, he spoke about displaying arts in [[Indian films]] at the [[University of Bedfordshire]] in the presence of the vice chancellor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beds.ac.uk/news/2017/october/tollywood-movie-star-pays-a-visit-to-bedfordshire|title=Tollywood movie star pays a visit to Bedfordshire|publisher=University of Bedfordshire|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718210438/https://www.beds.ac.uk/news/2017/october/tollywood-movie-star-pays-a-visit-to-bedfordshire|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Naresh is the son of Telugu cinema actress [[Vijaya Nirmala]] and her first husband, K. S. Murthy.<ref name="tnie">{{Cite web|title=I want to be an all-rounder actor: Actor Naresh VK|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/nov/27/i-want-to-be-an-all-rounder-actor-actor-naresh-vk-2067542.html|access-date=2021-02-24|website=The New Indian Express|date=27 November 2019|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418022120/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/nov/27/i-want-to-be-an-all-rounder-actor-actor-naresh-vk-2067542.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His father died when he was young.<ref>{{Citation|title=Senior Actor Naresh Over His Marriage Controversies {{!}} Open Heart With RK {{!}} ABN Telugu|date=23 October 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5xRUaj1jR8|language=en|access-date=2021-07-01|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182253/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5xRUaj1jR8|url-status=live}}</ref>

Naresh has been married<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/050416/rekha-and-i-are-still-friends-naresh.html|title=Rekha and I are still friends: Naresh|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|date=5 April 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=1 September 2019|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418231241/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/050416/rekha-and-i-are-still-friends-naresh.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/with-hope-in-her-heart/article2340044.ece|title=With hope in her heart|last=Chowdhoury|first=Sunita Y|date=8 August 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 September 2019|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418205323/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/with-hope-in-her-heart/article2340044.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> four times and divorced thrice, as of 2023. Naresh first married the daughter of senior dance master Srinu and the couple has a son named Naveen Vijaykrishna. The couple divorced and he married Rekha Supriya, the granddaughter of famous poet and film lyricist [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri|Devulapalli Krishna Sastri]]. The couple has a son named Teja. Naresh divorced his second wife and then married Ramya Raghupathi who was 15 years younger than him. The couple has a son.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20140211/281998965351797|title=We are Family|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|date=11 February 2014|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=1 September 2019|via=Press Reader|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103172254/https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20140211/281998965351797|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Naresh 3 Wives: You will be shocked to know who Naresh's 3 wives and children are..! {{!}} Naresh three wives full details in this video |date=9 July 2022 |url=https://pipanews.com/actor-naresh-3-wives-you-will-be-shocked-to-know-who-nareshs-3-wives-and-children-are-naresh-three-wives-full-details-in-this-video/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231091040/https://pipanews.com/actor-naresh-3-wives-you-will-be-shocked-to-know-who-nareshs-3-wives-and-children-are-naresh-three-wives-full-details-in-this-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, he married Kannada actress [[Pavitra Lokesh]], 19 years younger than him.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 May 2023 |title=“We Can, But…”: Naresh Opens Up About Having A Kid With Wife Pavitra Lokesh |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/we-can-but-naresh-opens-up-about-having-a-kid-with-wife-pavitra-lokesh-7959559.html |access-date=1 October 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Film ===
Naresh made his debut as a child actor in the film ''[[Pandanti Kapuram]]'' (1972) as well as ''Kavitha'', and ''Santosh Sowbhagyam''. He later made his debut as a lead actor, at the age of 22,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kA6AY8HbusI | title = Senior Actor Naresh {{!}} Open Heart With RK Full Episode {{!}} ABN Telugu | via = YouTube | date = 30 June 2019 | access-date = 1 July 2021 | archive-date = 9 July 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210709192610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kA6AY8HbusI | url-status = live }}</ref> with the box office hit ''[[Nalugu Stambhalata (film)|Nalugu Stambhalata]]'' (1982), directed by Sri [[Jandhyala]] and produced by Navata Krishnam Raju. He followed it up with ''Prema Sankellu'' (1982), which was directed by his mother [[Vijaya Nirmala]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/my-first-break-naresh/article2135453.ece|title=my first break NARESH|work=The Hindu|date=26 June 2011|last1=Chowdhary|first1=Y. Sunita|archive-date=17 November 2017|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123156/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/my-first-break-naresh/article2135453.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> His other notable works include ''[[Rendu Jella Sita]]'' (1983), ''[[Sreevariki Prema Lekha]]'' (1984), ''[[Sri Kanaka Mahalaxmi Recording Dance Troupe]]'' (1987), ''Bava Bava Panneeru'' (1989), ''Manasu Mamatha'' (1990), ''[[Jamba Lakidi Pamba (1992 film)|Jamba Lakidi Pamba]]'' (1993), and [[Gunasekhar]]'s [[Sogasu Chuda Taramaa?]] (1995).
After a small hiatus, he started his second innings as a supporting actor with [[Allari Ramudu]] in 2002, and then went on to appear in many memorable films such as: ''[[Dhanalakshmi, I Love You]]'' (2002), ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004), ''[[Oka Oorilo]]'' (2005), ''[[Mee Sreyobhilashi]]'' (2007), ''[[Andari Bandhuvaya]]'' (2010), ''[[100% Love (2011 film)|100% Love]]'' (2011), ''[[Chandamama Kathalu]]'' and ''[[Drushyam]]'' (2014), ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]'' (2015), ''[[Guntur Talkies]]'' (2016), ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]'' (2017), ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018), and [[Sammohanam (telugu film)|''Sammohanam'']] (2018).

Naresh served as the president of the [[Movie Artists Association]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/2017/03/07/maa-new-committee/|title=MAA New Committee – Movie Artist Association|website=Thetelugufilmnagar.com|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615083240/https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/2017/03/07/maa-new-committee/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Politics ===
Naresh is also an active politician, and a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] state leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131222/entertainment-tollywood/article/new-beginning|title=The new beginning|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=22 December 2013|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-date=16 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916031807/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131222/entertainment-tollywood/article/new-beginning|url-status=live}}</ref>

He worked as a state youth wing president of AP, and state secretary BJP, state general secretary vice president of BJP and also contested from [[Hindupur]] parliamentary seat. He also did a 125 km [[Padayatra]] from [[Icchampally Project]] to [[Warangal]] alongside [[C. Vidyasagar Rao]] for linking of "Krishna and Godavari" waters and is active in the [[Rayalaseema]] development. He is the founder president of KIV Kalakarula Ikya Vidika<ref name="kivonline.org">{{cite web|url=http://kivonline.org/kiv_president_note.php|title=Naresh Actor's Foundation to protect Arts and Artists, Kalakaarula Ikya Vedika Ananthapur|website=kivonline.org|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615083230/http://kivonline.org/kiv_president_note.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> an NGO a non-profit and non-governmental organization, which works to protect ancient arts and support artists.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/state-bifurcation-has-affected-traditional-art-forms-says-naresh/article25542473.ece|title=State bifurcation has affected traditional art forms, says Naresh|date=20 November 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 September 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101311/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/state-bifurcation-has-affected-traditional-art-forms-says-naresh/article25542473.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
=== Telugu films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1972
|''[[Pandanti Kapuram]]''
|
|
|-
|1974
|''[[Devadasu (1974 film)|Devadasu]]''
|
|
|-
|1975
|''Santanam Sowbhagyam''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1982
|''[[Nalugu Stambhalata (film)|Nalugu Stambhalata]]''
|Naresh
|
|-
|''Prema Sankellu''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1983
|''Puttadi Bomma''
|
|
|-
|''Agni Samadhi''
|
|
|-
|''Puli Debba''
|Naresh
|
|-
|''[[Rendu Jella Sita]]''
|Gopi
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1984
|''Yama Doothalu''
|
|
|-
|''Ooha Sundari''
|
|
|-
|''Chadarangam''
|Raja
|
|-
|''Mukkopi''
|
|
|-
|''Kotha Dampathulu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sreevariki Prema Lekha]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1985
|''Shrivaari Sobhanam''
|
|
|-
|''Mogudu Pellalu''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1986
|''[[Jeevana Poratam]]''
|
|
|-
|''Maavari Gola''
|
|
|-
|''Krishna Paramatma''
|
|
|-
|''Bhayam Bhayam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Aadi Dampatulu]]''
|
|
|-
|''Kirayi Mogudu''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1987
|''[[Dammit Katha Addam Thirigindi]]''
|
|
|-
|''Pelliloyi Pellillu''
|
|
|-
|''Kulala Kurukshetram''
|
|
|-
|''Lawyer Bharathi Devi''
|
|
|-
|''Paga Sadistha''
|
|
|-
|''Srimathi Oka Bahumathi''
|
|
|-
|''[[Shrutilayalu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sri Kanaka Mahalaxmi Recording Dance Troupe]]''
|Gopalam
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1988
|''[[Choopulu Kalasina Subhavela|Choopulu Kalasina Shubhavela]]''
|
|
|-
|''Sri Tatavatharam''
|
|
|-
|''Collector Vijaya''
|
|
|-
|''Premayanam''
|
|
|-
|''Nava Bharatham''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1989
|''Bava Bava Panneeru''
|
|
|-
|''[[Two Town Rowdy]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sahasame Naa Oopiri]]''
| Shankar
|
|-
|''Pinni''
|
|
|-
|''Gandipeta Rahasyam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Hai Hai Nayaka]]''
|Ramakrishna
|
|-
|''[[Police Report (1989 film)|Police Report]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |1990
|''Alajadi''
|
|
|-
|''Justice Rudrama Devi''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kokila (1990 film)|Kokila]]''
|Siddhartha
|
|-
|''Manasu Mamatha''
|
|
|-
|''Bujjigadi Babai''
|
|
|-
|''Irugilli Porugillu''
|
|
|-
|''Padmavati Kalyanam''
|
|
|-
|''Prajala Manishi''
|Vikram
|
|-
|''Police Bharya''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1991
|''Nenera Police''
|
|
|-
|''Naa Pellam Naa Ishtam''
|
|
|-
|''Prema Enta Madhuram''
|
|
|-
|''Shiva Shakti''
|
|
|-
|''Pichchi Pullayya''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1992
|''Adrishtam''
|
|
|-
|''[[Chitram Bhalare Vichitram]]''
|Nimmagadda Rajeswara Rao "Raja"/Prema
|Also singer for "Brahmachaarulam"
|-
|''Mogudu Pellala Dongata''
|
|
|-
|''Ayyayyo Brahmayya''
|
|
|-
|''Hello Darling''
|
|
|-
|''Pelli Neeku Shubham Naaku''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1993
|''Enti Bava Mareenu''
|
|
|-
|''Chitikela Pandiri''
|
|
|-
|''Ladies Special''
|himself
|
|-
|''Illu Pelli''
|
|
|-
|''Asale Pellaina Vanni''
|
|
|-
|''[[Jamba Lakidi Pamba (1992 film)|Jamba Lakidi Pamba]]''
|
|
|-
|''Konguchaatu Krishnaudu''
|
|
|-
|''Prema Chitram Pelli Vichitram''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1994
|''[[Aame]]''
|Vikram
|
|-
|''Prema & Co''
|
|
|-
|''Pelli Koduku''
|
|
|-
|1995
|''[[Sogasu Chuda Taramaa?]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|''[[Shri Krishnarjuna Vijayam]]''
|Narada
|
|-
|''Rendu Kutumbala Katha''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997
|''Mama Bagunnaavaa''
|
|
|-
|''Thoka Leni Pitta''
|
|
|-
|1998
|''Life Lo Wife''
|
|
|-
|2000
|''Hindustan The Mother''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2002
|''[[Chandravamsam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Allari Ramudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Dhanalakshmi, I Love You]]''
|Babu Rao
|
|-
|2003
|''[[Villain (2003 film)|Villain]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|''[[Gowri (2004 film)|Gowri]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]''
|Prasad 's elder brother
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2005
|''Chandra Vamsham''
|
|
|-
|''[[Oka Oorilo]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Orey Pandu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|''[[Nandanavanam 120km]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Premante Inte]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2007
|''[[Madhumasam]]''
|Sanjay's elder brother
|
|-
|''[[Maharathi (2007 film)|Maharathi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mee Sreyobhilashi]]''
|Surya Prakash Rao
|
|-
|''Veduka''
|
|
|-
|''[[Yamadonga]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Yamagola Malli Modalayindi]]''
|Aishwarya's father
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2008
|''[[Ankit, Pallavi & Friends]]''
|
|
|-
|''Naa Manasukemaindi''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ontari (film)|Ontari]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]''
|
|
|-
|''Andamaina Abaddam''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[Maska (2009 film)|Maska]]''
|Krish's brother
|
|-
|''Vaade Kaavaali''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
|''[[Maro Charitra (2010 film)|Maro Charitra]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Andari Bandhuvaya]]''
|Nandu's father
|
|-
|''[[Varudu]]''
|Deepthi's father
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[100% Love (2011 film)|100% Love]]''
|Ramesh, Balu's father
|
|-
|''[[Mogudu (film)|Mogudu]]''
|Shankar Rao
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Yamudiki Mogudu (2012 film)|Yamudiki Mogudu]]''
|[[Narada]], [[Trishanku]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''[[1000 Abaddalu]]'' || Satya’s father ||
|-
|''[[Aadu Magaadra Bujji]]''
|Siddhu’s father
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2014
|''[[Anaamika (2014 film)|Anaamika]]''
|Home Minister
|Bilingual film
|-
|''[[Chandamama Kathalu]]''
|Mohan
|
|-
|''[[Drushyam]]''
|Prabhakar
|
|-
|''Mike Testing 143''
|
|
|-
|''Ori Devudoy''
|
|
|-
|''Parampara''
|
|
|-
|''[[Chinnadana Nee Kosam]]''
|Nithin's father
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015
|''[[Beeruva]]''
|Surya Narayana
|
|-
|''[[Gaddam Gang]]''
|Dharmaraju
|
|-
|''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''
|Hanumantha Rao
|
|-
|''[[Subramanyam for Sale]]''
|Subramanyam's father
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2016
|''[[Eedu Gold Ehe]]''
|Buchchaiah Chowdary
|
|-
|''[[Guntur Talkies]]''
|Giri
|
|-
|''[[Hyper (2016 film)|Hyper]]''
|Narayana Murthy's friend
|
|-
|''[[A...Aa]]''
|Ramalingam
|
|-
|''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]''
|Mahalakshmi's brother
|
|-
|''[[Garam (film)|Garam]]''
|Ravi’s father
|
|-
|''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
|Hari's father
|
|-
|''[[Sri Sri (film)|Sri Sri]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ghatana]]''
|Prakash
|Bilingual film<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2016 |title=Ghatana: Revengeful drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Ghatana-Revengeful-drama/article16667528.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322015012/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Ghatana-Revengeful-drama/article16667528.ece |archive-date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]''
|Bangarraju
|
|-
|''[[MCA (Middle Class Abbayi)]]''
|Nani's uncle
|
|-
| rowspan="14" |2018
|''[[Chalo]]''
|Abhi's Father
|
|-
|''[[Toli Prema (2018 film)|Toli Prema]]''
|House Owner
|
|-
|''[[Chal Mohan Ranga]]''
|Mohan's father
|
|-
|''[[Rangasthalam]]''
|Koteswara Rao
|
|-
|''[[Sammohanam (telugu film)|Sammohanam]]''
|Sarvesh "Sarva"
|
|-
|''[[Pedavi Datani Matokatundhi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Happy Wedding (2018 film)|Happy Wedding]]''
|Anand's father
|
|-
|''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam (2018 film)|Srinivasa Kalyanam]]''
|Raju
|
|-
|''[[Sailaja Reddy Alludu]]''
|Venu Reddy
|
|-
|''[[Mahanati]]''
|Cameraman Keshava
|
|-
|''[[Devadas (2018 film)|Devadas]]''
|Mohan, Das's brother
|
|-
|''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]''
|Saradhi
|
|-
|[[NTR: Kathanayakudu|''NTR: Kathanayakudu'']]
|[[B. A. Subba Rao]]
|
|-
|''[[24 Kisses]]''
|Sri Lakshmi's father
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|''[[1st Rank Raju (2019 film)|1st Rank Raju]]''
|Shoban Babu
|
|-
|''[[RDX Love]]''
|Villager
|
|-
|''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]''
|Naresh Prasad
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2020
|''[[Entha Manchivaadavuraa]]''
|Vijayakrishna
|
|-
|''[[Disco Raja]]''
|Kukuteshwar Rao
|
|-
|''[[Bheeshma (2020 film)|Bheeshma]]''
|Anand Prasad
|
|-
|''[[Uma Maheswara Ugra Roopasya]]''
|Babji
|
|-
|''[[V (2020 film)|V]]''
|Aditya's father
|
|-
|''[[Amaram Akhilam Prema]]''
|Amar's father
|
|-
|''[[Orey Bujjiga]]''
|Krishnaveni's father
|
|-
|''[[Miss India (film)|Miss India]]''
|Siva Rama Krishna
|
|-
|''[[Solo Brathuke So Better]]''
|Virat's father
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2021
|''[[Jathi Ratnalu]]''
|Satish Janardhan
|
|-
|''[[Sreekaram]]''
|Ramana
|
|-
|''[[Rang De]]''
|Arjun's father
|
|-
|''[[Sridevi Soda Center]]''
|Sanjeev Rao
|
|-
|''[[Tuck Jagadish]]''
|Sathi Babu
|
|-
|[[Maestro (2021 film)|''Maestro'']]
|Mohan
|
|-
|[[Pushpaka Vimanam (2021 film)|''Pushpaka Vimanam'']]
|School headmaster
|
|-
|''[[Drushyam 2]]''
|Prabhakar
|
|-
|''[[Arjuna Phalguna]]''
|Village Sarpanch
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2022
|''[[Super Machi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Hero (2022 Indian film)|Hero]]''
|Arjun's father
|
|-
| ''[[Ghani (2022 film)|Ghani]]''
|Ghani's college coach
|
|-
| ''[[Ante Sundaraniki]]''
|Sundar's father
|
|-
| ''[[Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga]]''
|Rishi's father
|
|-
| ''[[Swathi Muthyam (2022 film)|Swathi Muthyam]]''
|Bhagi's father
|
|-
| ''[[Ginna (film)|Ginna]]''
|Veera Swamy
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Anni Manchi Sakunamule]]''
|Sudhakar
|Nominated–[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]
|-
|''[[Malli Pelli (2023 film)|Malli Pelli]]''
|Narendra
|Also Producer
|-
|''[[Samajavaragamana (film)|Samajavaragamana]]''
|Uma Maheshwara Rao
|
|-
|''[[The Great Indian Suicide]]''
|Ballari Neelakantam
|
|-
|''[[Martin Luther King (film)|Martin Luther King]]''
|Jogi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra]]''
|Vididhinti Nageswara Rao
|
|-
|''[[Mechanic Rocky]]''
|Nagumomu Ramakrishna
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |2025
|''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]''
|Ram’s adoptive father
|
|-
|''[[Sankranthiki Vasthunam]]''
|D. Keshava
|
|-
|''[[Jack (2025 film)|Jack]]''
|Prasad
|
|-
|''[[Sri Sri Sri Raja Vaaru]]''
|Subbaraju
|
|-
|[[Show Time (film)|''Show Time'']]
|A. Varada Rajulu
|
|-
|''[[Sundarakanda (2025 film)|Sundarakanda]]''
|Surendra
|
|-
|''[[Beauty (2025 film)|Beauty]]''
|Narayana
|
|-
|''[[K-Ramp]]''
|Naresh
|
|-
|''Enuguthondam Ghatikachalam''
|Ghatikachalam
|
|-
|''[[Mass Jathara]]''
|Dharmaraju
|
|-
|''[[Champion (2025 film)|Champion]]''
|
|
|-
|rowspan="1" |2026
|''[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari (2026 film)| Nari Nari Naduma Murari]]''
|Karthik
|
|}

=== Tamil films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
| 1984
|''[[Nenjathai Allitha]]''
|Murali
|
|-
| 1985
|''Porutham''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014
|''[[Malini 22 Palayamkottai]]''
|Prakash
| rowspan="2" |Bilingual films
|-
|''[[Anaamika|Nee Enge En Anbe]]''
|Home Minister
|-
|2015
|''[[Sandamarutham]]''
|DGP Rathinasamy IPS
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Peigal Jaakkirathai]]''
| Saravanan's father
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Network
!Notes
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1991 || ''Munimanikyam Gari Kantham Kathalu'' ||Venkata Rao
|[[Doordarshan]]
|
|
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Popula Pette]]''|| Kameswara Rao "Kamesam"
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|
|
|-
| 2003 || [[Amrutham (TV series)|''Amrutham'']]|| Icchapurapu Amrutha Rao
|[[Gemini TV]]
|Episodes 63–105
|
|-
|2008
|''Open Heart with RK''
|Himself
|[[ABN Andhra Jyothi]]
|
|
|-
| 2009 || ''Count Down'' || Himself
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|
|
|-
| 2012 || ''Maa Nanna''|| Sivayya
|[[Gemini TV]]
|
|
|-
| 2013 || ''Mahalakshmi Nivasam'' || Viswanatha Raju
|[[Gemini TV]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu Tv Serials No 23 Mahalakshmi Nivasam – Nettv4u |url=https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Telugu/tv-serials/no-23-mahalakshmi-nivasam |access-date=18 July 2018 |website=Netty4u.com}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Alitho Saradaga]]''
|Himself
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|Episode 114
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Oka Chinna Family Story]]''
|Haridas
|[[ZEE5]]
|
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Modern Love Hyderabad]]''
|
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Maya Bazaar For Sale]]''
|
|[[ZEE5]]
|
|
|}

== Awards ==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] – ''[[Sogasu Chuda Taramaa?]]'' (1995)
* [[Nandi Special Jury Award]] – ''[[Chitram Bhalare Vichitram]]'' (1992)
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actor]] – ''[[Parampara]]'' (2013)
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actor]] – ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]'' (2017)
*Best Character Actor Award – ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]'' (2017) at [[17th Santosham Film Awards]]
* Nandi Best Actor Television – ''Munimanikyam Gari Kantham Kadhalu'' (1991){{fact|date=December 2025}}
* SVR Character Award – [[Sathamanam Bhavati]] (2017){{fact|date=December 2025}}
* Received the title H.E. (his Excellency) and received a PhD in arts from the U.N. ICDRHRP<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/CinemaVaarthalu/2020204|title=యుఎన్‌ఓ కౌన్సిల్‌ జనరల్‌గా నరేశ్‌|first=Prajasakti News|last=Stories|website=Prajasakti.com|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615055530/http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/CinemaVaarthalu/2020204|url-status=live}}</ref> (2018)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0621418}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Actor}}
{{Nandi Special Jury Award}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naresh}}
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Ramakrishna Mission schools alumni]]
[[Category:People from Anantapur district]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

Khotta Bhasha

2026-03-21T06:37:06Z

Bhargava1920:

{{short description|Language variety spoken in India}}
{{distinguish|Khortha language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Khotta Bhasha
| pronunciation =
| altname =
| nativename = {{hlist|{{lang|bn|খোট্টা ভাষা}}|{{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|کھوٹّا بھاشا}}}}}}
| image =
| imagescale =
| imagecaption =
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Anwara Upazila]], Chittagong District, Bangladesh & [[West Bengal]], India.
| speakers = {{sigfig|1|1}} million
| ethnicity = [[Khotta people]]
| date = 2020
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| script = None
| iso3 = none
}}
'''Khotta Bhasha''' is the [[Variety (linguistics)|language variety]] of the [[Khotta people]], a small group of people who inhabit in the state of [[West Bengal]].<ref name=":0" />

There is a language in Jharkhand and in western borders of West Bengal, called [[Khortha language|Khortha]] (sometimes it is also called Khotta) is a well established language with its own literature. But Khotta Bhasha which is spoken in West Bengal is very much different from Khortha language and has no written form.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Khotta Language: Linguistic and Grammatical Identification|url=https://www.academia.edu/6035947|last=|first=|date=|website=academia.edu|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref>

== Geographic distribution ==
The Khotta speaking people mainly inhabit in [[Harishchandrapur I]] & [[Harishchandrapur II|II]], [[Ratua I]] & [[Ratua II|II]], [[Manikchak]] and [[Kaliachak I]], [[Kaliachak II|II]] and [[Kaliachak III|III]] blocks in the district of [[Malda district|Malda]] and [[Farakka (community development block)|Farakka]], [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]], [[Suti I]] & [[Suti II|II]], [[Raghunathganj I]] & [[Raghunathganj II|II]] blocks in the district of [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]] in the state of West Bengal, India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Commission for Backward Classes Report on Khotta Muslim|url=http://wbcbc.gov.in/advice/69-Khotta%20Muslim.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=wbcdc.gov.in|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=2021-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930190405/http://wbcbc.gov.in/advice/69-Khotta%20Muslim.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite thesis|last=Chowdhury|first=Patit Paban|date=2013|title=Maldah jelar khottabhasa bhasa tattwik parjabekhan(মালদহ জেলার খোট্টাভাষা : ভাষাতাত্ত্বিক পর্যবেক্ষণ)|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/169217|publisher=University of North Bengal|language=Bengali}}</ref> They are also found scattered in parts of [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Medinipur District|Medinipur]] & [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] district in West Bengal and in some places of [[Anwara Upazila|Anwara]] upazila of [[Chittagong District|Chittagong]] district in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=মাতৃভাষা 'খোট্টা'কে আগলে রেখেছেন ওঁরা|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/people-of-goalmal-are-still-protecting-their-mother-language-1.1109433|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-29 |title=তাঁরা আছেন আনোয়ারায় {{!}} কালের কণ্ঠ |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/oboshore/2016/01/30/318878 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Kalerkantho |language=bn}}</ref>

== Present circumstances ==
The total speakers of Khotta Bhasha is about 10 lakhs in the state of West Bengal.<ref name=":0" /> But they all are [[bilingual]] and speak and learn Bengali, as Khotta Bhasha has no written form. At present the language has only an intra community conversational status. Standard Bengali is the only medium of education of [[Khotta People]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />

==Sample phrases and comparison ==

{{Scrolling table/mid}}
|+Comparison of Khotta Bhasha with standard Hindi and Standard Bengali
|-
! English
! Khotta Bhasha
! Hindi (Standard)
! Bengali (Standard)
|-
|My name is Ahmad.
|মেরা/হমরা নাম আহমাদ।
''Mera/Hamra nam Ahmad.''
|मेरा नाम अहमद है।
''Mera nam Ahmad hai.''
|আমার নাম আহমাদ।
''Amar nam Ahmad.''
|-
|I reside in Farakka.
|ম্যাঁয়/হম ফরাক্কা মেঁ রহেইঁ।
''Maiñ/Ham Farakka meñ raheiñ.''
|मैं फराक्का में रहता हूँ।
''Main Farakka mein rahta hooñ.''
|আমি ফারাক্কায় থাকি।
''Ami Farakkay thaki.''
|-
|I am feeling bad.
|মিঝকো/মুঝকো/হমকো খরাপ লগে হে।
''Mijhko/Mujhko/Hamko kharap lage he.''
|मुझे बुरा लग रहा है।
''mujhe bura lag raha hai.''
|আমার খারাপ লাগছে।
''Amar Kharap lagche.''
|-
| I am coming fast.
| ম্যাঁয়/হম তুরুনি আমে হেঁ।
''Maiñ/Ham turuni ame heñ.''
| में जल्दी आ रहा हूं।
''Main jaldi a raha hun.''
| আমি তাড়াতাড়ি আসছি।
''Ami taratari aschi.''
|-
| They will all come.
| উসকে/উনসব (সবকে) আবে গা।
''Uske/Unsab (sabke) abe ga.''
| वो सब आएंगे।
''Vo sab aenge.''
| ওরা সবাই আসবে।
''Ora sobai asbe.''
|-
|We will go tomorrow
morning.
|মেরে/হমসব কল বিহানে জাঙে।
''Mere/Hamsab kal bihane jange.''
|हम कल सुबह जाएंगे।
''Ham kal subah jaenge.''
|আমরা কাল সকালে/বিহানে যাবো।
''Amra kal sokale/bihane jabo.''
|-
|You couldn't say
anything!
|তুম কুচ্ছু কহে/কহনে সকো নি!
''Tum kucchhu kahe/kahne Sako ni!''
|तुम कुछ कह नहीं सके!
''Tum kuch kah nahiñ sake!''
|তুমি কিছু বলতে পারলে না!
''Tumi kichhu bolte parle na!''
|-
| Who won in the game?
| খেলা মেঁ কিস্কে জিতিস?
''Khela meñ kiske jitis?''
| खेल में कौन जीता?
''Khel mein kaun jeeta?''
| খেলায় কে জিতল?
''Khelay ke jitlo?''
|-
| What are you doing?
| ত্যায় কা করে হে?
''Tay ka kare he?''
| तू क्या कर रहे है?
''Tu kya kar rahe hai?''
| তুই কী করছিস?
''Tui ki korchis?''
|-
| Have you eaten rice?
| তুম কি ভাত খালিয়ো হো?
''Tum ki bhat khaliyo ho?''
| क्या तुमने चावल खा लिया?
''Kya tumne chaval kha liya?''
| তুমি কি ভাত খেয়ে নিয়েছো?
''Tumi ki bhat kheye niyecho?''
|-
| Why will you not go?
| তুমরে/তুমসব কাহলে/কাহে জাগো নি?
''Tumre/Tumsab kahle/kahe jago ni?''
| तुमलोग कियूं नहीं जाओगे?
''Tumlog kiyun nahin jaoge?''
| তোমরা কেন যাবে না?
''Tomra keno jabe na?''
|-
| We will not go to play
now.
| মেরে/হমসব অভ্ভি খেলে/খেলনে জাঙে নি।
''Mere/Hamsab abhbhi khele/khelne jange ni.''
| हम अभी खेलने नहीं जाऊंगा।
''Ham abhi khelne nahin jaunga.''
| আমরা এখন খেলতে যাব না।
''Amra ekhon khelte jabo na.''
|-
| I will no longer eat litchis
today.
| ম্যাঁয়/হম আজ আর লেচু খাঙে নি।
''Maiñ/Ham aj ar lechu khange ni.''
| मैं आज और लीची नहीं खाऊंगा।
''Mein aj aur lichi nahin khaunga.''
| আমি আজ আর লিচু খাব না।
''Ami aj ar lichu khabo na.''
|-
| He has gone for a walk
along the river.
| উ লদ্দিকা কাঁধি মে ঘুরে/ঘুরনে গিয়া হা।
''U laddika kañdhi me ghure/ghurne giya ha.''
| वह नदी के किनारे घूमने गया है।
''Vah nadi ke kinare ghumne gaya hai.''
| সে নদীর পাড়ে ঘুরতে গেছে।
''Se nodir pare ghurte geche.''
|-
| I like to eat mangoes.
| মিঝকো/মিঝে আম খায়মে/খানেমে খুব অচ্ছা লগেই।
''Mijhko/Mijhe am khayme/khaneme khub accha lagei.''
| मुझे आम खाना बहुत पसंद है।
''Mujhe am khana bahut pasand hai.''
| আমার আম খেতে খুব ভালো লাগে।
''Amar am khete khub bhalo lage.''
|-
| In childhood, we used to go to bathe in the river together.
| ছোটা রহতে মেরে/হমসব একসাথে লদ্দি মে লাহে জাতিঁ।
''Chota rahte mere/hamsab eksathe laddi me lahe jatiñ.''
| बचपन में हम एक साथ नदी में नहाने जाया करते थे।
''Bachpan mein ham ek sath nadi mein nahane jaya karte the.''
| ছোটবেলায় আমরা একসাথে নদীতে স্নান করতে যেতাম।
''Chotobelay amra eksathe nodite snan korte jetam.''
{{Scrolling table/end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Languages of India}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Languages of Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Languages of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Languages of Bangladesh]]

Manilal Doctor

2026-03-19T10:14:50Z

Bhargava1920: General cleanup and content improvements

{{short description|British Indian barrister and politician}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manilal Maganlal Doctor
| image = Manilal_M_Doctor.jpg
| caption = c. 1911
| birth_date = 28 July 1881
| birth_place = [[Baroda]], Gujarat, [[British India]]
| death_date = 8 January 1956
| death_place = [[Bombay]], India
| education = MA, LLB
| occupation = Lawyer
| spouse = Jayakumari Devi
| children = Sons: Madhusudha, Lalitmohan, Indubhushan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.printweek.com/india/news/1022578/Goodbye-Doctor-Saab---master-printer-Gandhian-first-print-guru |title=Goodbye Doctor Saab - A master printer, Gandhian and my first print guru | printweek.com | Print News and Jobs from the India Printing Sector |access-date=2010-08-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823002008/http://www.printweek.com/india/news/1022578/Goodbye-Doctor-Saab---master-printer-Gandhian-first-print-guru |archive-date=23 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>Daughter: Avanidevi
}}
'''Manilal Maganlal Doctor''' (28 July 1881 – 8 January 1956) was a British Indian [[barrister]] and politician, who travelled to numerous countries of the [[British Empire]], including [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]] and [[Aden]], providing legal assistance to the local ethnic Indian population. He met [[Gandhi]], who asked him to go to [[Mauritius]], where he represented Indo-Mauritians in court and edited a newspaper, ''The Hindustani''.<ref>{{Cite book
| last1 = Ramsurrun
| first1 = Pahlad
| last2 = Ramsurrun-Nunkoo
| first2 = Sangeeta
| title = Manilal Doctor: His Political Activities in Mauritius
| publisher = Sterling Publishers Private Limited
| year = 2007
}}</ref> Gandhi later informed him of the need for a [[barrister]] in Fiji and he arrived in Fiji in 1912. In Fiji he also represented [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijians]] in court, started a newspaper, ''Indian Settler'' and established an organisation for Fiji Indians, known as the [[Indian Imperial Association]]. In 1916 when he was by-passed for nomination to the [[Legislative Council of Fiji]], his relationship with the Government of Fiji deteriorated. The Government accused him of the violence and sabotage of the 1920 strike and deported him. He was barred from practicing law in several British colonies. He later managed to practice law in Aden, [[Somalia]] and [[Bihar]] State in [[India]] but spent his final days in [[Bombay]].

== Early life ==
Manilal Maganlal Doctor was born on 28 July 1881 in [[Baroda]], [[Gujarat]], India. His surname, Doctor, was derived from his father's profession. His father, Maganlal, was in-charge of the State Mental Hospital. His real name was Manilal Maganlal Shah. Manilal graduated with LLB in 1903 and MA in 1904 from [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]]. He then went to London as a student of [[Bar Vocational Course|Bar-at-Law]] in 1905. In London he became an active member of the Home Rule Society and made regular contributions to the 'Indian Sociologist'. At the India House he came into contact with other Indian freedom fighters. In 1906, Manilal met [[Mahatma Gandhi]], who had become aware of the plight of the Indians in Mauritius. Gandhi was troubled by both the treatment of the Indian labourers and their lack of organisation in demanding their rights as citizens of the British Empire. In response to his visit, he sent Manilal Doctor to Mauritius to assist the labourers in improving their social and political situation.

== Manilal in Mauritius ==
Manilal arrived in Mauritius on 11 October 1907 and began work as a barrister. 11 October is celebrated as Manilal Day in Mauritius. He soon clashed with the Judge of the Supreme Court when he refused to remove his shoes and turban (Manilal wore a Parsi-style head-dress) on entering the court, pointing out that these were allowed in the high courts of Bombay and [[Madras]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ramsurrun |first=Pahlad |title=Manilal Doctor: Historic Court Cases in Mauritius |publisher=Sterling Publishers Private Limited |location=New Delhi, India |year=2004}}</ref> The matter was taken before the Governor who issued an order allowing shoes and turbans in the courts of Mauritius. Indians in Mauritius used to be treated with severity, by always being given the maximum punishment for any crime, while Europeans were given nominal punishment or only fined for serious offences. Manilal pleaded for balance between crime and punishment. For the first time, Indo-Mauritians found a lawyer they could rely on and he was soon accepted as their leader. In a case involving indentured Indians on the ''Labourdonnais'' estate, the Indian workers sought out Manilal to come with them to the Office of the Protector in Port Louis. Then, when the case came to trial, Manilal represented the four Indians charged with wounding with premonition.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=A New System of Slavery|date=1974|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0192184105|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newsystemofslave0000tink/page/306 306-307]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newsystemofslave0000tink/page/306}}</ref> Of the four laborers accused, three were found guilty and sentenced to two years' of hard labor. Given the nature of Mauritius justice at that time, "it seems certain that if they had not been properly represented at the trial there would have been a larger number found guilty, and perhaps longer sentences."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=Odd Man Out:The Loneliness of the Indian Colonial Politician - The Career of Manilal Doctor|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|date=1974|volume=2|issue=2|page=230|doi=10.1080/03086537408582406}}</ref>

He left Mauritius for Bombay on 28 November 1910 to attend the annual [[Indian National Congress]] Meeting.

=== Newspaper launched ===
On 15 March, Manilal launched a weekly newspaper,''The Hindustani'', with the motto: "Liberty of Individuals! Fraternity of Men!! Equality of races!!!."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=Odd Man Out: The Loneliness of the Indian Colonial Politician - the Career of Manilal Doctor|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|date=1974|volume=2|issue=2|page=230|doi=10.1080/03086537408582406}}</ref> It was first published in English and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], but the Gujarati was soon replaced with [[Hindi]] to appeal to the masses. With this newspaper he wanted to highlight the importance of the Indians shared heritage and common interests, regardless of religion or status as merchant or laborer.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Simmons|first1=Adele Smith|title=Modern Mauritius: The Politics of Decolonization|date=1982|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|isbn=0253386586|pages=46–47}}</ref> The newspaper was fined on a number of occasions for its editorial and reporting of court cases but continued to be published even after Manilal's departure. Manilal tried to arouse worldwide sympathy towards the suffering of the Indo-Mauritians by writing regularly to overseas newspapers. After Manilal left Mauritius, much of his work was undertaken by Pandit Kashinath Kistoe and the [[Arya Samaj]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bissoondoyal|first1=U.|title=Indians Overseas: The Mauritian Experience|date=1984|publisher=Mahatma Gandhi Institute|location=Moka, Mauritius|page=334}}</ref>

=== Marriage ===
Sometime in 1911, Manilal traveled to London where he spent considerable time with Dr. Pranjivan Mehta, a close friend of Gandhi. There, he formed an attachment to Dr. Mehta's daughter, Jayunkvar, and became engaged. It is likely that Manilal briefly traveled back to Mauritius to close his affairs before going on to Durban South Africa to consult with Gandhi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=Odd Man Out:The Loneliness of the Indian Colonial Politician - The Career of Manilal Doctor|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|date=1974|volume=2|issue=2|page=235|doi=10.1080/03086537408582406}}</ref>

On 11 October 1911, a few weeks after his arrival in Durban, he married Jayakumari Devi (Jekiben). Gandhi encouraged him to practice law in South Africa, but Manilal wanted to take part in the debate of Congress calling for the abolition of Indenture. He attended the 26th Annual Session of the Congress and seconded the motion calling for an end to Indenture.

== Manilal in Fiji ==
In 1911, following a severe hurricane that had brought much hardship to the Fiji Indians in the Central Division of Fiji, the [[British Indian Association]] of Fiji was formed. The Association discussed grievances such as the lack of educated leadership amongst the Indians and the dependence on European lawyers and authorised [[Totaram Sanadhya]] to write a letter to Gandhi to send an Indian barrister to Fiji. Gandhi was moved by this appeal and published this request in the ''Indian Opinion'' from where it came to the attention of Manilal in Mauritius. Manilal exchanged letters with Totaram Sanadhya, who organised for collection of money for Manilal's fare and law books and made arrangements for his stay in Fiji. Manilal met Gandhi in Durban, but Gandhi despite his initial reluctance agreed to release Manilal.

Manilal arrived in [[Suva]] on 27 August 1912. He was welcomed by hundreds of people, some of whom had journeyed long distances. Newspaper reporters also joined the throng as this was a joyous occasion for [[Indians in Fiji|Fiji Indians]]. Manilal was presented with a welcoming letter in which he was also implored to improve the conditions of the Indians. The native [[Fijians]] also welcomed Manilal in a ceremony held three days later, and attended by some 700 Fijians. Fijian men and women sang and danced to welcome him and he was garlanded by the daughter of a high chief. The Fijians made speeches and it was translated by Sam Mustapha from Fijian into English

Manilal set up a law practice, defended Indians for low fees and wrote letters and petitions for them. The Government was suspicious of him and suspected him of being Gandhi's agent in Fiji but still consulted him on Indian affairs. Initially, Manilal worked quietly to help the Indians and the case of Viraswamy is an example of the success he had in Fiji. Viraswamy was an educated young man, who had been recruited in Madras on the understanding that he would be working on a post officer in the government office. When he arrived in Fiji in October 1911, he was sent to work with the CSR. He was initially employed as a telephone operator, but when he complained that he was not being given the promised job, he was sent to work in a cane field. He wrote to the I.I.A. and Manilal forwarded his case to the Anti-Slavery Society of London. The Society approached the [[Colonial Office]] and Veeraswamy was able to buy his freedom and get employment outside the indenture system. The government, instead of chastising the CSR and the immigration office, expressed annoyance with Manilal.

=== Political activities ===
In 1915, a number of Indians petitioned the Governor to nominate Manilal as their representative in the legislative council. The Governor replied that Indian interests were adequately catered for but he was prepared to grant the request if an Indian with the required qualification could be found and the Government of India supported the demand. On the basis of India's recommendation, the Governor, in 1916, nominated [[Badri Maharaj]] to represent Indians in the Legislative Council. This nomination was not popular with Fiji Indians and petitions were sent from throughout the colony asking the Government to reconsider its choice. Even the [[Fiji Times]] regarded Manilal as a better person for the Council than Badri Maharaj. The Government ignored these protests claiming that Manilal was not eligible for nomination as he was born in Baroda and not a British subject.

=== Indian Imperial Association ===
{{Main|Indian Imperial Association}}
He was a regular contributor to the press in India on matters regarding Fiji and, in 1917, was the editor of the English section of the first newspaper published in Fiji by Indians, ''Indian Settler''. On 2 June 1918, he was instrumental in the formation of the [[Indian Imperial Association]] (I.I.A.) of Fiji (a successor to the British Indian Association) in Suva. The aim of the association was to 'watch the interests of and to assist in the general improvement of the Indian community in Fiji'. As president of the I.I.A., Manilal wrote to Gandhi, other Indian leaders and the [[British Labour Party]] on the sad plight of Indian indentured labourers in Fiji. C.F. Andrews and W.W. Pearson were dispatched to Fiji to enquire into the complaints. Manilal made submissions for their report, published on 29 February 1916, which reported on the deplorable living conditions of the indentured labourers and their lack of access to education and medical facilities.

Manilal was free thinker but generally had socialist views. He was not religious but believed that [[Arya Samaj]] was the best sect for the casteless Indian society that was developing in Fiji. He believed in the advancement of his community and when some Europeans suggested a federation of Fiji and [[New Zealand]], Manilal, through the Indian Imperial Association circulated a petition for Fiji to become part of India since the country's future depended on its Indian population.

The relationship between Manilal and the government worsened when he tried to apply for Fijian land to build an office in [[Nausori]]. His application was refused but he made an agreement with the Fijian owners and started to build. He was ordered to leave and when he did not comply, was fined 10 pounds. Manilal was bitter about the incident and on 24 September 1919 the Indian Imperial Association passed a resolution condemning the government for not allowing him to build when Europeans themselves had acquired land by illegal means. He also sent a telegram regarding this incident to Andrews, who had it published in the Indian press. On 26 December 1919, the Association organised a conference in the Suva Town Hall, which Manilal chaired and which passed a number of resolutions, including a call for independence for India, sympathy for the victims of the Punjab massacre and other resolutions relating to Fiji Indians.

=== Strike of 1920 ===
On 15 January 1920 Indian labourers employed by the Public Works Department in Suva went on strike because their hours of work had been increased from 45 to 48 hours per week and they wanted better wages. Manilal reassured those workers who had been threatened by their employers and pacified others who wanted to teach saboteurs a lesson. He held meetings in Suva and Nausori in which the strikers reiterated their demand of rise in wages by 5 shillings. The meetings were so peaceful that the Inspector General of Constabulary sent a message to Manilal, thanking him and expressing his appreciation at the quiet and orderly way in which the meeting of the strikers had been conducted.

Jayunkvar, Manilal's wife, was also active in the strike, exhorting Indians not to return to work and organizing Indian women.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=Odd Man Out:The Loneliness of the Indian Colonial Politician - The Career of Manilal Doctor|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|date=1974|volume=2|issue=2|page=235|doi=10.1080/03086537408582406}}</ref> After a meeting in Suva organised by Jayunkvar was violently broken up by the police, the situation got worse. By 11 February all Europeans of military age were under arms. The telephone wires between Suva and Nausori was cut and there was a confrontation on Rewa Bridge between Indians and European special constables with fixed bayonets. On 12 February a New Zealand force of 60 soldiers with machine guns arrived and a warship arrived from England. On 13 February, the police and army held up a group of Indians at Samabula Bridge. The Indians wanted to go to Suva to buy supplies and see those in custody. When the Indians did not obey the order to disperse, the police charged with batons. There was resistance from the Indians using sticks and stones and the police fired into the crowd. A number were injured on both sides but three Indians were hit by pistol fire of which one died.

After the incident at Samabula Bridge, the strikers gradually began returning to work. Historians have argued as to the reasons for the end of the strike. It was most probably a combination of reasons which included the presence of large numbers of armed security personnel and the Governments willingness to use lethal force, an earlier call by Mrs Manilal for those workers who had received wage increase to return to work, the labourers inability to stay away from paid employment for a long period because of their already poor financial situation and the warning by Badri Maharaj to the strikers (at a meeting in Nausori on 15 February) of the danger of being led by agitators.

=== Deportation from Fiji ===
Although Manilal had not been in Suva when the strike began and the Government did not have sufficient evidence to charge him for sedition, it used the Peace and Good Order Ordinance of 1875 to prohibit him, his wife and two other strike leaders, Harpal Maharaj and Fazil Khan from residing on [[Viti Levu]], Ovalau or [[Macuata Province|Macuata province]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=Odd Man Out:The Loneliness of the Indian Colonial Politician - The Career of Manilal Doctor|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|date=1974|volume=2|issue=2|page=239|doi=10.1080/03086537408582406}}</ref> Since these were the main areas of Indian settlement and the only places where Indians could earn a living, this virtually amounted to deportation. Manilal was sent to [[Nukulau]] Island to await a ship to New Zealand. From Nukulau, Manilal sent a number of letters of complaint to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and he signed one with 'from Imperial University, Coolie Examination Hall, Nukulau". Petitions were organised, signed by thousands of Indians, asking for Manilal not to be expelled as he was their leader and that they could not continue to stay if Manilal was expelled.

Manilal left Fiji on 15 April 1920. The Colonial Government continued to harass Manilal after his departure from Fiji. He was not allowed to practice law in New Zealand. Manilal's application for admission as a barrister and solicitor in New Zealand was refused by a Full Court of the Supreme Court in 1921.<ref>''In re'' ''Manilal Maganlal Doctor'' [1921] NZLR 1059; [http://www.nzlii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/nz/cases/NZGazLawRp/1921/149.html?query=manilal%20maganlal%20doctor (1921) 23 GLR 598 (25 July 1921)]</ref> The Auckland District Law Society opposed his application on the basis that he was not of fit character given his role as a "prime mover" in the 1920 strike. The Court did not accept Manilal's explanation and instead favoured the evidence of the Colonial authorities (including Mr Scott a member of the Legislative Council and also the lawyer for the Crown in the prosecution of the 200 striking workers) that Manilal was "principally the cause of the said Indian disturbance". His correspondence was monitored. C.F. Andrews informed Gandhi that a paper that Manilal had sent to him from New Zealand had 4 or 5 sections cut out (presumably containing information about Fiji). He had already been refused permission to practice in Australia and was refused permission to practice in [[Ceylon]] (Sri Lanka) and even in India he was not allowed to practice in the Bombay and Madras High Courts. The British Government even had his name struck off the list of Barristers. Gandhi noted that "An empire that requires such calculated persecution of a man, without even ntrying to prove anything against him, deserves only to be dissolved."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tinker|first1=Hugh|title=Odd Man Out:The Loneliness of the Indian Colonial Politician - The Career of Manilal Doctor|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|date=1974|volume=2|issue=2|page=240|doi=10.1080/03086537408582406}}</ref> He was finally given permission by the [[Patna]] High Court to practice in the Lower Courts of [[Bihar]] and [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] because he held an LLB degree from an Indian University. After much wandering he set up a legal practice in Gaya, Bihar in 1922.

== Final years ==
Manilal soon became a regular contributor to the ''Socialist'', an English periodical in Bombay. He was soon involved in Socialist activities and came into contact with Communists who were trying to get organised in India. M.N. Roy's idea of a party for the masses appealed to Manilal but he was opposed to the idea of infiltrating the Congress. He attended the Gaya Congress in 1923 and soon after issued a manifesto of the Labour and Kisan Party of India. This was soon used as model by the Communists, with whom Manilal was associated. Not surprisingly, he came to the attention of the authorities and spent some time defending others who shared his own left-leaning ideas. He was not happy with rivalries among Indian leaders and kept looking for outside openings. He tried to settle in [[Penang]] (Malaysia) but was warned by the Colonial Secretary for Singapore that he would be prevented from landing there. His dream of having a life of professional barrister was realised when the Chief Justice of Aden (with whom he had studied in London) asked him to come and practice there after assuring colonial authorities that he would not be a problem there as there was no indenture system in Aden.

He continued to provide service to the people of Aden and Somaliland (1935–1940) but the revolutionary and radical zeal seemed to have left him. He visited Mauritius in 1950 where he was enthusiastically welcomed. In 1953 he returned to India (from Aden) and lived in Bombay until his death on 8 January 1956.

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Dharmendra |title=Public life of Manilal Doctor |year= 1992|publisher=Rite-Print-Pak |location=Bombay, India }}
* {{cite book |last=Tinker |first=Hugh |title=A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas 1830-1920 |year=1974 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |isbn=0192184105 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newsystemofslave0000tink }}
* Ramsurrun, Pahlad; Ramsurrun-Nunkoo, Sangeeta (2007). ''Manilal Doctor: His Activities in Mauritius''. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Limited.
* Ramsurrun, Pahlad (2004). ''Manilal Doctor: Historic Court Cases in Mauritius''. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Limited.

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doctor, Manilal}}
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Fiji]]
[[Category:Fijian people of Gujarati descent]]
[[Category:Indo-Fijian politicians]]
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Fijian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara]]

S. S. Setlur

2026-03-17T04:16:25Z

Bhargava1920: starting first article v1

{{Short description|Indian lawyer, judge, journalist, and freedom fighter}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Justice
| name = 
| image = S. S. Setlur -- from Cyclopedia of India Vol 3 (1909).png
| alt = Image of Justice S. S. Setlur from 1909
| native_name = Setlur Śrinivāsiyengar
| native_name_lang =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1862|07|21}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|01|10|1862|07|21}}
| death_place = Bangalore
| education = B.A. (1887), LL.B. (1891)
| alma_mater = [[Presidency College, Chennai | Presidency College, Madras]]; [[University of Mumbai | Bombay University]]
| occupation = [[Lawyer]] and [[judge]]
| known_for = First president of [[Indian National Congress | Congress party]] in [[Mysore state]] (1921); association with [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]; works on [[Hindu law | Hindu inheritance law]]
| works = A Full and Authentic Report of the Trial of The Hon'ble Mr. Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1897); A Complete Collection of Hindu Law Books on Inheritance (1911); The Mitākshara, with Visvarūpa and Commentaries of Subodhini and Bālambhatti (1912)
| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = Setlur Singiengar (Shingaiengar)
| relatives = [[Sargur Srihari]] (great grandson)
}}

'''S. Srinivasiyengar Setlur''' (21 July 1862 – 10 January 1930), widely known as '''S. S. Setlur''', was an Indian lawyer, judge, journalist, and freedom fighter. As a lawyer in Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]), Setlur was a close associate of [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] and served as the Bombay correspondent for ''[[The Hindu]]''. He was later a justice of the Chief Court of Mysore (now the [[Karnataka High Court]]) and became the first president of the [[Mysore state]] chapter of the [[Indian National Congress]].

Setlur was also an expert on Hindu inheritance laws,{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} preparing both a landmark compilation of ancient texts and a translation of the [[Mitākṣarā | Mitākshara]], an important text on inheritance, that are still in use today.

==Background and education==

Setlur was a member of the Sri [[Vaishnavism | Vaishnava]] [[Brahmin]] community. His family came to [[Kingdom of Mysore#Princely state | princely Mysore]] and settled at Seringapatam (modern [[Srirangapatna]]) in the 18th century.<ref name="Cyclopedia1909">{{cite book |title=The Cyclopedia of India, Vol. III |date=1909 |publisher=The Cyclopedia Publishing Coy. |location=Calcutta |page=276 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdjkAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA276 |access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref> His father was Setlur Singiengar, who provided "highly approved services" to the British administration in various parts of the [[Madras Presidency]] before joining the Mysore government as the ''Marhamat (or Maramuth) Bakshi'' (Chief Engineer) of the state. Singiengar retired as ''Anche Bukshi'' or Postmaster-General in 1867, and his "extensive cosmpolitan charities" in [[Tirupati]], [[North Arcot]], and several parts of Mysore State had "rendered his name a household word in Mysore."<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/><ref name="Biography1915">{{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=C. Hayavadana |title=The Indian Biographical Dictionary |date=1915 |publisher=Pillar & Co. |location=Madras |page=389 |url=https://archive.org/details/indianbiographic00raoc/page/388/mode/2up |access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref>

Setlur studied at the [[Presidency College, Chennai | Presidency College]] in Madras (now [[Chennai]]), graduating with a degree in arts (B.A.) in January 1887.<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> After taking a course in the B.Sc. class in the Science College, [[Pune | Poona]], he eventually obtained his law degree (LL.B.) from [[University of Mumbai | Bombay University]] in 1890.<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/><ref name="BombayUniversityCalendar1902">{{cite book |title=Bombay University Calendar for the Year 1902-1903 |date=1902 |location=Bombay |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015063770922 |access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|215}} While studying law, in December 1889 he won Judge Spencer's prize and the [[Joseph Arnould | Arnould Scholarship]] by placing first in the Presidency and first in Hindu law.<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay University Examination |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/234550875/fulltextPDF/718C95408194493EPQ |access-date=9 June 2024 |work=Times of India |date=6 December 1889 |page=4}} "The Arnold Scholarship and Judge Spencer Prize have been awarded to S. Shrinivasiengar Setlur."</ref><ref name="BombayUniversityCalendar1902"/>{{rp|pp=384,439-40}}

==Career in Bombay==

Setlur spent a good portion of his life in Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]) and was a leading lawyer there.<ref name="TheHindu2001">{{cite news |last1=Jayaram |first1=A. |title=Giants from Karnataka who shaped the course of history |publisher=The Hindu |date=18 March 2001 |location=Bangalore |page=5}}</ref> In 1892, he was enrolled as an advocate in the Bombay and Madras High Courts.<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> He was a law professor for four years (1903-07) at the [[Government Law College, Mumbai | Government Law School]] where he lectured on Hindu law,<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay "Government Gazette" |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/101385 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issue=283 |date=27 November 1903 |location=Bombay |page=6}} (noting appointment as Professor of Law in the Government Law School)</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Bombay Services |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/33012 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Gazette |issue=54271 |date=29 November 1907 |page=7}} (noting expiration of term as law professor)</ref> an examiner for High Court examinations, and an examiner in Kanarese ([[Kannada]]) for Bombay University where he was a fellow.<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Election of Five Fellows of the University of Bombay |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/101579 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issue=205 |date=27 August 1904 |location=Bombay |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay "Government Gazette" |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/101884 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issue=172 |date=21 July 1905 |location=Bombay |page=6}} (noting appointment as member of the Civil and Military Examination Committee for examining candidates in Kanarese)</ref> He was also active in local civic life, being a member of the [[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai | Royal Asiatic Society]],<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> serving as an honorary secretary of the local chess tournament,<ref>{{cite news |title=Untitled article |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003197/18990525/066/0014 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Indian Daily News |date=25 May 1899 |page=14}} The article describes remarks Setlur delivered on the occasion of prizes being awarded in the chess tournament.</ref> judging an elocution contest (in [[Marathi language | Marathi]]),<ref>{{cite news |title=The National Indian Association: An Elocution Gathering |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19060118/166/0023 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=18 January 1906 |page=75}}</ref> and even signing a letter of protest against the resumption of animal sacrifices for the [[Vijayadashami | Dasara]] festival in [[Porbandar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Revival of Animal Sacrifice at Porbander |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001712/19021027/025/0011 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Homeward Mail from India, China, and the East |date=27 October 1902 |pages=11-12}} The article notes that Setlur signed a petition to the ruler of Porbander appealing for the practice to stop.</ref> His friends and associates included [[Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar | N. C. Kelkar]] and [[Pherozeshah Mehta]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kelkar |first1=N. C. |title=Pherozeshah Mehta As I Knew Him: The Last of the Political Barons |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/13952 |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Chronicle (Sunday / Weekly Edition) |date=5 August 1945 |page=9}} "The first time I talked with [Pherozeshah Mehta] was in 1899. It was in his well-known chamber, where I attended at his command, and was introduced to him ... by my friend, the late S. S. Setlur, then an Advocate in the Bombay High Court."</ref>

Setlur was also an active journalist and writer. He was the Bombay correspondent for ''[[The Hindu]]'' (based in Madras) and edited English language columns for the ''[[Induprakash | Indu Prakash]]'', an Anglo-[[Marathi language|Marathi]] journal published in Bombay.<ref name="Biography1915"/><ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> He also sent letters to other publications.<ref>{{cite news |title=Untitled article |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003196/19050218/008/0004 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=The Indian Spectator |issue=7 |date=18 February 1905 |location=Bombay |page=148 |quote=As the subject of sending young men to Europe, America, and Japan for technical training is receiving much attention both in British India and in Native States, Mr. S. S. Setlur draws our attention to an interview which Sister Nivedita had with Dr. Hanford Henderson of America when he was last year at Calcutta.}}</ref> He was a delegate to the seventh Bombay Provincial Conference held in November 1894,<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of Seventh Provincial Conference, Held at Bombay, on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th November 1894 |date=1895 |publisher=Printed at the "Times of India" Steam Press |location=Bombay |pages=100-101}} Available [https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/40662 online] through the Asiatic Society of Mumbai's Granth Sanjeevani project. Setlur spoke in favor of a resolution setting the next conference location: "Being myself a Kanarese man, though not a citizen of Belgaum, I have a right to ask you to honour the Kanarese Districts by accepting this proposition, and on behalf of the people of the Karnataka country, I assure you, gentlemen, that you will have a right hearty welcome in Belgaum." </ref> and was later a delegate to the eleventh conference in 1901.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Eleventh Provincial Conference held at Bombay, on 14th & 15th September 1901 |date=1901 |publisher=Printed at the "Commercial Press" |location=Bombay |page=103}} Available [https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/40662 online] through the Asiatic Society of Mumbai's Granth Sanjeevani project.</ref>

===Trial of Bal Gangadhar Tilak===

In September 1897, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was tried for sedition in the [[Bombay High Court]]. Setlur took an active interest in Tilak's defense,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Keer |first1=Dhananjay |title=Lokmanya Tilak: Father of Our Freedom Struggle |date=1959 |location=Bombay |pages=131, 144-45 |url=https://archive.org/details/BALGANGADHARTILAKDHANANJAYKEER/page/n141/mode/2up?q=setlur |access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref> and later published a complete report of the trial with a lengthy introduction that included some of his personal observations.<ref name="TilakReport">{{cite book |editor1-last=Setlur |editor1-first=S. S. |editor2-last=Deshpande |editor2-first=K. G. |title=A Full and Authentic Report of the Trial of The Hon'ble Mr. Bal Gangadhar Tilak |date=1897 |publisher=Education Society's Press, Byculla |location=Bombay |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.02200/page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|vii-xvii}} In Setlur's view, the prosecution of Tilak resulted from "panic among the European community" caused by the recent killings of two British officers in [[Pune | Poona]] by the [[Chapekar brothers]]; Setlur himself would later defend Balkrishna Hari Chapekar in his murder trial two years later.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Jubilee Murders: Yesterday's Proceedings |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/19341 |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Gazette |issue=51559 |date=8 March 1899 |page=5}} (noting Setlur's appearance for the defense and cross-examination of witnesses)</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Jubilee Murders. The Verdict. The Three Accused Found Guilty |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/19342 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Gazette |issue=51560 |date=9 March 1899 |page=5}} (noting Setlur's closing argument of nearly two hours)</ref><ref name="TilakReport"/>{{rp|xi}} The Tilak trial report was priced at 10 annas,<ref name="StJamesGazette1897">{{cite news |title=Notes |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001485/18971111/018/0003 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=St. James's Gazette |date=11 November 1897 |location=London |page=3}}</ref> a low price intended to make it widely available to the Indian public, with profits designated for Tilak's defense fund.<ref name="TilakReport"/>{{rp|vi}}

A London newspaper, the ''[[St James's Gazette | St. James's Gazette]]'', was critical of Setlur's report, calling it "mischief which is allowed to run riot under the name of freedom of the Press." The Gazette added that "while purporting to be a 'report' of the trial, it is mainly a glorification of Tilak, and holds up the judgment of the court which tried him to native ridicule and contempt."<ref name="StJamesGazette1897"/> ''[[The Pioneer (India) | The Pioneer]]'' of Allahabad was also critical of Setlur, finding that he had committed "a great many popular errors" and concluding that the trial result was the product of "independent mature deliberation" about which "no one has any right to complain."<ref>{{cite news |title=Untitled article |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/64932 |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The Pioneer |issue=11433 |date=13 November 1897 |location=Allahabad |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Tilak Case |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/18971118/058/0010 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=18 November 1897 |page=460}} (reprinting 13 Nov. 1897 article from ''The Pioneer'')</ref>

While Setlur noted that he "did not know Mr. Tilak personally before the trial,"<ref name="TilakReport"/>{{rp|xvii}} he would ultimately become a staunch follower of Tilak.<ref name="TheHindu2001"/> After the trial, Setlur served as one of his legal advisors and when Tilak quickly lost weight in prison, Setlur wrote to the [[Howard League for Penal Reform | Howard Association]] in London, eventually leading to some improvement in Tilak's conditions.<ref name="Jog1962">{{cite book |last1=Jog |first1=N. G. |title=Builders of Modern India: Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak |date=1962 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |url=https://ia903104.us.archive.org/23/items/lokmanyabalganga00jogn/lokmanyabalganga00jogn.pdf |access-date=3 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|64}} In 1915, a dying [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], who had his differences with Tilak, would ask Setlur to seek a compromise with Tilak to achieve Congress party unity.<ref name="Jog1962"/>{{rp|166-67}}

==Hindu inheritance law==

Setlur was a leading scholar of [[Hindu law]] relating to inheritances and contributed to the law journal of the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> In 1907, a response by Setlur to an article on the origin of the [[Bengal]] School of Hindu law was published by the ''[[Law Quarterly Review]]'', one of [[London]]'s leading law journals.<ref name="LQR1907">{{cite journal |last1=Setlur |first1=S. S. |title=Origin and Development of the Bengal School of Hindu Law |journal=Law Quarterly Review |date=April 1907 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=202-219 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/lqr23&i=214 |access-date=2 June 2024 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> Setlur argued that the reason Bengal's inheritance laws differed from the Mitākshara school of the other Indian provinces was due to different historical circumstances, rather than different interpretations of the same original ancient [[Hindu texts]].{{fact|date=June 2024}}

In 1911, Setlur's ''A Complete Collection of Hindu Law Books on Inheritance'' was published. The treatise includes a nearly 30-page introduction by Setlur followed by English translations and analysis of all important texts recognized as authorities in different schools of Hindu law.<ref name="InheritanceTreatise1911">{{cite book |last1=Setlur |first1=S. S. |title=A Complete Collection of Hindu Law Books on Inheritance |date=1911 |publisher=V. Kalyanaram Iyer & Co. |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.351404/mode/2up |access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref> A review in the ''Madras Weekly Notes'' observed that this was the first volume to present most of the seventeen included texts in accurate English translations, and that it would enable lawyers to compare what different writers had to say on a given point.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hindu Law Books on Inheritance: A Translation |journal=Madras Weekly Notes |date=20 August 1911 |page=11 |url=https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/periodicals/TVA_PRL_0022609/TVA_PRL_0022609_The_Madras_weekly_notes_August_20_1911.pdf |access-date=2 June 2024}} ''See also'' {{cite journal |title=Hindu Law Books on Inheritance |journal=Calcutta Law Journal |date=1 December 1911 |volume=XIV |issue=11 |page=65 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hl2mfa&seq=843 |access-date=9 June 2024 |location=Calcutta}} The Calcutta law journal was more critical, saying that "[t]here is no indication given of the persons responsible for the translations. That they have not been made first-hand by the same person is manifest."</ref> Setlur's treatise was widely influential and was cited by the [[Supreme Court of India]] as recently as 1980.<ref>''Shyam Sunder Prasad Singh & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Ors.'', 1981 AIR 178 (22 July 1980), https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/4501.pdf</ref>

Setlur had a "keen interest in the advancement of [[Sanskrit]] knowledge" and was himself "a Sanskrit scholar of ability."<ref name="Cyclopedia1909"/> In 1912, he edited a comprehensive edition of the Mitākshara and related texts and commentaries in both Sanskrit and English.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Setlur |editor1-first=S. S. |title=The Mitākshara, with Visvarūpa and Commentaries of Subodhini and Bālambhatti (Vol. 1) |date=1912 |publisher=Bramhavadin Press |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/mitaksharawithvisvarupasubodhinibalambhattisetlurs.s.1912_202003_374_s/mode/2up |access-date=2 June 2024 |language=Sanskrit}}</ref> Setlur's edition of the Mitākshara has had significant influence in the field to the present day.

==Chief Court justice and freedom fighter==

Setlur eventually left Bombay for [[Bangalore]]. He became an acquaintance of [[Swami Vivekananda]] and shared his reflections in a letter to the ''Madras Mail'' upon the latter's passing in 1902.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Late Swami Vivekananda |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003345/19020717/175/0020 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=17 July 1902 |page=20}} The news article includes an excerpt of a letter from Setlur that describes Vivekananda's visits to Bangalore, Mysore, and Madras.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A Svami's ideas. |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0003196/19110218/004/0001 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=The Indian Spectator |date=18 February 1911 |location=Bombay |pages=121-22 |quote=Mr. Setlur mentioned that the Svami wished to found a ladies' Matha or Vihara at Poona, but he did not live to see the idea concretised.}}</ref>

In 1908, the [[Dewan of Mysore]], Sir [[V. P. Madhava Rao]], appointed Setlur as one of three justices of the Mysore Chief Court,<ref name="TheHindu2001"/> and the appointment was "met with general satisfaction in the Province."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mysore Chief Court |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19080723/038/0005 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=23 July 1908 |page=89}}</ref> Upon taking his seat on 24 July 1908, Setlur expressed appreciation to the Mysore Bar, observing that "[m]ost of your members have been well known to me from my boyhood, and I am glad I have come back to my people...."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Chief Court |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19080730/233/0026 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=30 July 1908 |page=138}}</ref> While the appointment was temporary to relieve a justice who had gone on leave,<ref>{{cite news |title=The Chief Court |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19080730/025/0005 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=30 July 1908 |page=117 |quote=Mr. S. Setlur, the newly appointed acting Third Judge of the Mysore Chief Court ... took his seat on the Bench to-day, relieving Mr. Justice P.S. Krishna Rao, who proceeds on leave. There is every prospect of Mr. Setlur's appointment being made a permanent one before the end of the year, as certain changes among high officials of the service are impending.}}</ref> he was reappointed for one year in November as the fourth judge.<ref>{{cite news |title=Official |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19081126/073/0009 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=26 November 1908 |page=575 |quote="Bangalore, 19th Nov. -- The Government of H. H. the Maharajah of Mysore have appointed Mr. S. Setlur to be a fourth Judge of the Mysore Chief Court for one year, with effect from the date of Mr. Justice Nanjundiah's return from leave.}}</ref> Later, the [[Residencies of British India | British Resident]] in Mysore, Sir [[Stuart Fraser (civil servant) | Stuart Fraser]], objected to the appointment due to Setlur's links with Tilak, eventually leading Setlur to resign his judgeship.<ref name="TheHindu2001"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Judge Setlur Retires |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/33090 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Gazette |issue=54861 |date=25 October 1909 |page=6}} ("Mr. S. S. Setlur ... intends retiring and starting practice at Madras.")</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The appointment of Mr. Setlur, B.A., LL.B., as a Puisne Judge of the Chief Court of Mysore |journal=Selections from the native newspapers published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh |date=20 November 1909 |issue=47 |page=881 |url=https://jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.26082303 |access-date=10 June 2024}} The online source is likely from the India Office Reports on native newspapers. It mentions three local news stories: 49. ''Advocate'' (Lucknow), 7 November 1909, referring to an article in ''The Hindu'' and suggesting that "this action was probably due to the fact that a letter written to one of the nationalist leaders in Calcutta fell into the hands of the police." 50. ''Musafir'' (Agra), 15 November 1909. 51. ''Leader'' (Allahabad), 18 November 1909.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Comments on the alleged advice given by the Government of India to Mysore State against the appointment of Mr. Setlur as a Judge of the Chief Court. |journal=Report on Native Papers published in the Bombay Presidency |date=27 November 1909 |issue=48 |page=32 |url=https://jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.33177026 |access-date=10 June 2024}} The report quotes the ''Phoenix'', 20 November 1909, which in turn references ''The Hindu''. The ''Phoenix'' article cites as reasons Setlur's editing of the Tilak trial transcript, and also "it is rumoured that the Bombay Political Department had in possession a letter written by Mr. Setlur to Mr. Tilak expressing sympathy with his propaganda."</ref> Setlur would later visit [[London]] in 1915, leaving for his return journey to Bombay on 13 November on the [[P&O]] ship [[RMS Arabia | RMS ''Arabia'']].<ref>{{cite news |title=The London Indian Association |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004300/19151112/030/0011 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=India |date=12 November 1915 |page=215 |quote=The London Indian Association was "At Home" ... to meet Dr. Jivraj N. Mehta on the eve of his departure for India. *** [A]mong those present were ... Mr. S. S. Setlur....}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mail Passengers: Outward Bound |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19151208/106/0011 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Civil & Military Gazette |date=8 December 1915 |location=Lahore |page=11}} The article provides a list of passengers leaving London for Bombay on 13 November on the P&O ship ''Arabia'' that includes "Setlur, Mr. S S."</ref>

From 1914 to 1923, Setlur was a regular columnist for [[Annie Besant]]'s newspaper, ''[[New India (newspaper) | New India]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=V Geetha |author2=S V Rajadurai |title=One Hundred Years of Brahminitude: Arrival of Annie Besant |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=15 July 1995 |volume=30 |issue=28 |page=1769 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4402996 |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> In February 1916, he attended [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s first public speech in India, on the occasion of laying the foundation stone for the [[Banares Hindu University]]. Gandhi did not finish the speech after being interrupted by Besant, who claimed she was protecting him from the authorities. In a letter to ''The Hindu'', Setlur said that while Gandhi was not encouraging anarchists, he was instead "playing the role of an apologist for the Civilian Bureaucrat." Setlur went on to criticize much of the speech's substance and Gandhi's delivery.<ref name="MaharashtraSourceMaterial">{{cite book |editor1-last=Phatak |editor1-first=N. R. |title=Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India, Vol. 3 (Part I) |date=1965 |publisher=Government of Maharashtra |location=Mumbai |url=https://archive.org/details/HindSwaraj.Source.VOL-03-PART-I/page/n29/mode/2up |access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|21-22}} In a public response to Besant, Gandhi called Setlur's criticism "in some respects totally unfair" and that Setlur had "endeavoured to tear me to pieces."<ref name="MaharashtraSourceMaterial"/>{{rp|19}} As part of a further reply to Gandhi, Besant herself re-published Setlur's letter.<ref name="MaharashtraSourceMaterial"/>{{rp|20-21}}

Setlur would go on to found the Congress party in [[Kingdom of Mysore#Princely state | princely Mysore]] in 1921 and serve as its first president.<ref name="TheHindu2001"/><ref name="TimesofIndia2001">{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Srinivasa |title=Becker's girlfriend has roots in south India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/beckers-girlfriend-has-roots-in-south-india/articleshow/20244971.cms |access-date=2 June 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=9 February 2001}}</ref> When three freedom fighters were killed while picketing in [[Dharwad]] on 1 July 1921, Setlur served on a three-member inquiry committee appointed by the All India Congress Committee.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shrinidhi |first1=R |title=Centenary of Dharwad's mini Jallianwala Bagh |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/centenary-of-dharwad-s-mini-jallianwala-bagh-1019704.html |access-date=9 June 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="CongressResolutions1920-23">{{cite book |title=The Indian National Congress: Being a collection of the resolutions of the Congress and of the All India Congress Committee and of the Working Committee of the Congress from September 1920 to December 1923 |date=1924 |publisher=Allahabad Law Journal Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.26422465 |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|102}} In February 1922, he and other Congress leaders were served with notices under Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code relating to [[unlawful assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Notices Served on Agitators |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19220224/082/0007 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Civil & Military Gazette |date=24 February 1922 |location=Lahore |page=7}}</ref> In December 2022, he called for an end to Congress' state-level work and resigned as the Mysore Congress Committee president, but his suggestions were not accepted by the committee.<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress Work in Indian States |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19221206/105/0008 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Civil & Military Gazette |date=6 December 1922 |location=Lahore |page=8}}</ref>

Setlur continued writing in his later years. In December 1923, the ''[[The Bombay Chronicle | Bombay Chronicle]]'' published a lengthy essay in which he critiqued the new constitution of Mysore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Setlur |first1=S. S. |title=Mysore Reforms: The Constitutional Aspect |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/7719/ |access-date=17 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Chronicle |date=20 December 1923 |page=10}}</ref> In 1927, Setlur led a group known as the "Sanatan Nationalists" with [[Hindu nationalism | Hindu nationalist]] views.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brahmins' Greetings |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19271219/162/0011 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Civil & Military Gazette |date=19 December 1927 |location=Lahore |page=11 |quote=Mr. S. S. Setlur, leader of the 'Sanatan Nationalists' in a special telegram to the Afghan Consul, Bombay, extending a cordial welcome to His Majesty the King of Afghanistan says: 'Pray convey the heartiest greetings of the Brahmana Aryas of Southern India to His Majesty, Arya's Ruler of the most sacred Vedic North-Western Province of Gandhara, the ancient Hindu name for the geopgrahical unit of Afghanistan.}}</ref>

Setlur resided in the Siddikatte area of Bangalore (present day Gundopanth Street)<ref name="TheHindu2001"/> while continuing to own land elsewhere.<ref>{{cite news |title=The North Arcot District Conference |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003345/19080430/030/0005 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Madras Weekly Mail |date=30 April 1908 |page=487 |quote=Mr. S. S. Setlur, an Advocate of the Bombay High Court, who owns lands in the North Arcot District, [was] among those present.}}</ref> He died at his residence in Siddikatte on the morning of 10 January 1930 (possibly 9 January) after a five-month battle with stomach cancer, and was survived by his wife, six sons and three daughters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mr. S. S. Setlur Dead |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/9016 |access-date=17 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Chronicle |date=11 January 1930 |page=7}} "Bangalore, Jan. 10. Mr. S. S. Setlur ailing of cancer in the stomach for the last five months expired ''this morning'' at 6-35 in his family residence at Siddikata, Bangalore City." (italics added)</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Late Mr. Setlur |url=https://granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/9060 |access-date=17 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Chronicle |date=20 January 1930 |page=11}} "Bangalore, Jan. 10. It is with regret I have to report the death of the late Mr. S. S. Setlur, a prominent advocate ''yesterday'' at his residence. *** He leaves behind him, his young wife six sons and three daughters...." (italics added)</ref> A street in Bangalore's [[Richmond Town, Bangalore | Richmond Town]] neighborhood may have been named after him or an ancestor.<ref name="TimesofIndia2001"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1862 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Karnataka]]

Platyptilia sedata

2026-03-15T22:29:11Z

Bhargava1920: starting some entry initial version

{{short description|Species of plume moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Platyptilia sedata
| authority = [[Edward Meyrick|Meyrick]], 1932
| synonyms =
*''Platyptilia semnocharis'' Meyrick, 1932
}}
'''''Platyptilia sedata''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Pterophoridae]]. It is found in the [[Kashmir]] region of what was [[British Raj|British India]].<ref>[http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/ZAOE_40_0023-0032.pdf Pterophoridae aus Kaschmir]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7202791}}

[[Category:Moths described in 1932]]
[[Category:Platyptilia|sedata]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick]]

{{Platyptiliini-stub}}

Rita Dutta Chakraborty

2026-03-13T15:50:36Z

Bhargava1920: minor refined citations to improve readability and added references

{{short description|Bengali film and television actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rita Dutta Chakraborty
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rita Chakraborty
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Balurghat]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Actress
}}
'''Rita Dutta Chakraborty''' (born 4 July 1956, [[Balurghat]]) is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film and television actress. She has acted in movies like [[Krantikaal]], [[Alo (film)|Alo]].<ref name="Rita Dutta Chakraborty TOI">{{cite news |title=Rita Dutta Chakraborty |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/indian-stars/Rita-Dutta-Chakraborty/articleshow/4309533.cms |work=The Times of India |accessdate=1 July 2012}}</ref> She played the role of ''Aarati'' in [[Star Jalsha]]'s popular serial ''[[Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena|Maa]]''.<ref name="Maa Star Jalsa Serial Title Song, Cast, Songs">{{cite web |title=Maa Star Jalsa Serial Title Song, Cast, Songs |url=http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/125479/Maa-Star-Jalsa-Serial-Title-Song,-Cast,-Songs |publisher=Bhalobasa.in |accessdate=1 July 2012 |archive-date=22 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022112220/http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/125479/Maa-Star-Jalsa-Serial-Title-Song,-Cast,-Songs |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Star Jalsha Maa">{{cite web |title=Star Jalsha Maa |url=http://www.bd-article.com/?p=7 |accessdate=1 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615042106/http://www.bd-article.com/?p=7 |archivedate=15 June 2012}}</ref> Rita is also a Bengali reciter.<ref name="Aagomoni rocks it">{{cite news |title=Aagomoni rocks it |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110929/jsp/entertainment/story_14565210.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203835/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110929/jsp/entertainment/story_14565210.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |accessdate=1 July 2012 |newspaper=Telegraph Calcutta |date=29 September 2011 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref><ref name="Musical extravaganza">{{cite news |title=Musical extravaganza |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110923/jsp/entertainment/story_14541119.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133450/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110923/jsp/entertainment/story_14541119.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |accessdate=1 July 2012 |newspaper=Telegraph Calcutta |location=Calcutta, India |date=23 September 2011}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Character
|-
| 1994
2002
| ''[[Shilpi]]''
Mr.and Mrs iyer
| [[Nabyendu Chatterjee]]
Aparna sen
|
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Alo (film)|Alo]]'' || [[Tarun Majumder]] ||
|-
| 2003 || ''Parampar''<ref name="Parampar 2003 Bengali Movie">{{cite web |title=Parampar 2003 Bengali Movie |url=http://www.hinditv.co/parampar-2003-bengali-movie-watch-online.html |accessdate=1 July 2012 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130120215005/http://www.hinditv.co/parampar-2003-bengali-movie-watch-online.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> || ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Krantikaal]]'' || [[Sekhar Das]] ||
|-
| 2009 || ''Houseful'' || [[Bappaditya Bandopadhyay]] ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Highway (2014 Bengali film)|Highway]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Highway (Bengali) / Bad jigsaw puzzle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/highway-bengali-bad-jigsaw-puzzle/ |work=The Indian Express |date=22 August 2014 |language=en}}</ref> || Sudipto Chattopadhyay ||
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#F5F5F5;"
|+
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Channel
! Character
|-
| 1999–2005 || ''[[Ek Akasher Niche]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Zee Bangla]] || Gulabi, Zeenat's mother
|-
| 2005–2007 || ''[[Ekdin Pratidin]]'' || Mohor's paternal aunt; Brata and Barsha's mother
|-
| 2008–2010 || ''[[Durga (2008 series)|Durga]]'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Maya Maa
|-
| 2009–2011 || ''Sholo Aana'' || [[ETV Bangla]] ||
|-
| 2009–2011 || ''[[Bou Kotha Kao]]''|| rowspan="2" | [[Star Jalsha]] || Nikhil's Aunt
|-
| 2012–2013 || ''Bhasha'' || Reshmi Lahiri
|-
| 2011–2013 || ''Keya Patar Nouko'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Sona's Aunt
|-
| 2009–2014 || ''[[Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena]]'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Aarati
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013–2014 || ''Hiyar Majhe'' || [[ETV Bangla]] || Bhromor's step mother
|-
| ''[[Kache Aye Shoi]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Zee Bangla]] || Moni Ma
|-
| 2014–2015 || ''[[Tumi Robe Nirobe]]'' || Leela (Later Replaced by Suchismita Chowdhury)
|-
| 2013–2015 || ''[[Jol Nupur]]'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Nandini
|-
| 2014–2015 || ''Gouridaan'' || [[Colors Bangla]] || Mahamaya; Bishu's Grandmother
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)|Bojhena Se Bojhena]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Star Jalsha]] || Bai Saa
|-
| 2015–2016 || ''[[Punyi Pukur]]'' || Basumati
|-
| 2016–2017 || ''[[Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Zee Bangla]] || Shaluk's maternal Aunt
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Goyenda Ginni]]'' || Bijaya Sen
|-
| 2016–2017 || ''[[Ichche Nodee]]'' || rowspan="3" | [[Star Jalsha]] || Kurchi; Meghla's biological mother
|-
| 2016–2018 || ''[[Kusum Dola]]'' || Radharani; Rano's mother
|-
| 2016–2017 || ''[[Agnijal]]'' || Rajmata Bedantika; Devdaksha's mother
|-
| 2017–2018 || ''[[Andarmahal]]'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Kamalini Bose
|-
| 2017 || ''Gachkouto'' || [[Colors Bangla]] || Ritu
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Amloki (TV series)|Amloki]]'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Sudokkhina Guhathakurta
|-
| 2018–2019 || ''[[Mayurpankhi]]'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || "Mamoni" - Papan's aunt
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Cameo role as "Kapalika" (a nun)
|-
|2019
|''[[Jai Kali Kalkattawali]]''
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|Kamala's mother-in-law
|-
|2019
|''Aay Khuku Aay''
|[[Sun Bangla]]
|Rani's mother-in-law
|-
| 2019–2022 || ''[[Mohor (TV series)|Mohor]]'' || rowspan="4" | [[Star Jalsha]] || Basumati Basu, Mohor's mother
|-
| 2020–2021 || ''[[Kora Pakhi]]'' || Mrinalini Sen / Gulu
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Desher Maati]]'' || Shubalaksmi / Bourani
|-
|2021–2022
|''[[Dhulokona]]''
|Supriya Chatterjee, Lalon's mother, Phuljhuri's mother-in-law
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Uron Tubri]]''
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|Anjali Bose, Arjun's mother, Tubri's mother-in-law
|-
|''Amar Sona Chander Kona''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Rita Dutta Chakraborty to play a pivotal role in 'Amar Sona Chander Kona' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-rita-dutta-chakraborty-to-play-a-pivotal-role-in-amar-sona-chander-kona/articleshow/90319750.cms |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Sun Bangla]]
|Aparna/Kamalini, Somraj's mother (Later Replaced by Dola Chakraborty)
|-
|2023
|''Balijhor''
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|Srot's mother
|-
|2023–2024
|''[[Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Kotha]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Bangla]]
|Madhubala- Putul, Parag, & Palash's mother, Shimul's mother-in-law
|-
|2024–2025
|''Puber Moyna''
|Ranjabati- Roddur's mother, Moyna's mother-in-law
|-
| 2025–2026 || ''Bhole Baba Par Karega'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Raipurna- Shakya's mother, Jheel's mother-in-law
|-
| 2025–Present || ''Taare Dhori Dhori Mone Kori'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Katayayni- Gora's mother, Roopmanjuri/Adwitiya's mother-in-law
|-
|}

== Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Character !! Film/TV show
|-
| 2013
|rowspan="3"| Priyo Sashuri
| Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2013
| Reshmi
|''[[Star Jalsha|Bhasha]]''
|-
| 2015
| Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar 2015
| Leela
|''[[Tumi Robe Nirobe]]'''
|-
| 2024
| Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar 2024
| Madhubala
|''[[Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Kotha]]''
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Laboni Sarkar]]
* [[Churni Ganguly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Rita Dutta}}
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian spoken word artists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}

Muhammad Azhar Nomani

2026-03-12T05:47:37Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi (1924–2017)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = Maulana
| name = Muhammad Azhar Nomani
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1924|7|7}}
| birth_place = Rathos, [[Madhubani district]] (then [[Darbhanga district]]), [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2017|5|13|1924|7|7}}
| death_place = [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]], India
| resting_place = Kadru Graveyard, Ranchi
| nationality = Indian
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| occupation = Islamic scholar, Sufi
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| teachers = [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
| students =
| office1 = Rector, Madrasa Husainia, Ranchi
| term1 = 1958–2017
| predecessor1 = Founding rector
| successor1 = Muhammad Qasmi
}}

'''Muhammad Azhar Nomani''' (7 July 1924 – 13 May 2017), also known as '''Maulana Azhar Ranchwi''', was an Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi. He was a student and authorised disciple (khalifa) of [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]. In 1958, he co-founded Madrasa Husainia in Kadru, [[Ranchi]], where he served as rector until his death. He also held leadership positions in [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]] and was a member of the [[Majlis-e-Shura]] of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chishti |first=Seema |date=2011-02-01 |title=The reticent clerics wholl decide Maulana Vastanvi8217;s fate |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-reticent-clerics-who-ll-decide-maulana-v/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Muhammad Azhar Nomani was born on 7 July 1924 in Rathos, [[Madhubani district]] (then part of [[Darbhanga district]]). His father, Sharafuddin, was also an Islamic scholar and had established Madrasa Mahmood al-Uloom in Damla, Madhubani district.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=May–June 2017|editor-last=Bijnori|editor-first=Muhammad Salman|editor-link=Salman Bijnori|last=Khalili Qasmi|first=Muhammadullah|author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|title=Wafiyāt: Rukn-e Majlis-e Shūrā Ḥaẓrat Maulana Azhar Sahib Ranchi kā intiqāl|trans-title=Obituary: Maulana Azhar Sahib of Ranchi, Member of the Majlis-e Shura, Passes Away|url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/urduarticles/archives/2580 |journal=[[Monthly Darul Uloom]]|language=ur|volume=101|issue=5–6|page=108}}</ref>

He received his early Arabic education at Madrasa Mahmood al-Uloom, Damla, and at Miftahul Uloom, [[Mau]]. In 1950, he enrolled at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and graduated in 1953.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2017|p=108}}

In 1374 AH (1954), he studied [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] under [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]. His classmates in the hadith program included [[Mujahidul Islam Qasmi]] and [[Abdul Haq Azmi]].<ref name="Diary">{{cite book |last=Hardoi|first=Tayyib Qasmi|title=Darul Uloom Diary (Lail o Nahar): Faizan e Shaykhul Islam Number|publisher=Idara Paigham e Mahmood|location=[[Deoband]] |date=2015|pages=74–75|language=ur}}</ref>

== Career ==
After completing his studies, he spent several years travelling with his teacher [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] and received authorization for spiritual initiation and succession from him.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khalili Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi |url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2/page/n74/mode/1up |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |trans-title=Comprehensive and Concise History of Darul Uloom Deoband |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=2nd |date= October 2020 |location=India |language=ur |oclc=1345466013 |page=669}}</ref>

He moved to Ranchi in 1956 and taught children at the local Jama Masjid. On 29 April 1958,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-14 |title=दिल का दौरा पड़ने से कडरू मदरसा के मौलाना अजहर का निधन |trans-title=Maulana Azhar of Kadru Madrasa passed away due to a heart attack. |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ranchi/story-maulana-azhar-passed-away-due-to-heart-attack-1102706.html |url-status=live |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=hi}}</ref> he co-founded [[Madrasa Hussainia, Kadru|Madrasa Hussainia]] in Kadru, [[Ranchi]], with Muhammad Fakhruddin Gayawi and remained its rector throughout his life. Alongside the establishment of the madrasa, he founded more than one hundred maktabs in the surrounding region, many of which later developed into formal madrasas.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=669}}

From 1413 AH (1992) until his death, he served as a member of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] Majlis-e-Shura. Through Darul Uloom Deoband and [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]], he remained active in educational, religious, and social initiatives.<ref name="Millat">{{Cite web |date=2017-05-13 |title=معروف عالم دین مولانا ازہر رانچوی کا انتقال، علمی و ملی حلقوں میں شدید غم کی لہر|trans-title=Renowned religious scholar Maulana Azhar Ranchi passes away, sparking a wave of grief in academic and national circles|url=https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/12331 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=[[Millat Times]] |language=ur}}</ref>

He also served as a member of the working committee and vice-president of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind, and as joint president of Jamiat Ulama Bihar and Jharkhand. After Jharkhand became a separate organisational unit in 2009, he served as president of Jamiat Ulama Jharkhand until his death.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=669}}

== Death and legacy ==
Muhammad Azhar Nomani died on 13 May 2017 (16 Sha'ban 1438 AH) in [[Ranchi]]. His funeral prayer was led the following day by [[Mahmood Madani|Mahmood Asad Madani]], and he was buried at Kadru graveyard.<ref name="Zikr">{{Cite book|last=Mansoorpuri|first=Muhammad Salman|author-link=Salman Mansoorpuri|title=Zikr-e-Raftagāñ|publisher=Al-Markaz al-ʿIlmī li al-Nashr wa al-Taḥqīq|location=Lalbagh, [[Moradabad]]|pages=501–502|date=April 2020 |chapter=Hazrat Maulana Azhar Sahab Ranchi|url=https://archive.org/details/1_20240124_20240124_1615/%D8%B0%DA%A9%D8%B1%20%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%BA%203/page/501/mode/1up |volume=3|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Obaidullah">{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Obaidullah |date=2025-01-31 |title=حضرت مولاںا ازھر صاحب علیہ الرحمہ کی شخصیت اور ان کی خدمات|trans-title=The Life and Contributions of Maulana Azhar Sahib|url=https://khabaronly.com/%d8%ad-flourism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213065756/https://khabaronly.com/%D8%AD-flourism/ |archive-date=2025-02-13 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Khabar Only |language=ur}}</ref>

According to [[Mahmood Madani]], a large number of people attended the funeral, with visitors continuing to arrive at the cemetery from noon until evening.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-05-25 |title=مولانا ریاست علی بجنوری اور مولانا محمد ازہرکی وفات دارالعلوم دیوبند اور جمعیۃ علماء ہند سمیت ملت اسلامیہ کابڑا خسارہ : مولانا محمود مدنی |trans-title=The death of Maulana Riyasat Ali Bijnori and Maulana Muhammad Azhar is a great loss to the Islamic nation, including Darul Uloom Deoband and Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind: Maulana Mahmood Madani |url=https://urdu.news18.com/news/nation/north-india-maulana-mahmood-madni-on-maulana-riasat-ali-bijnori-death-217348.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241201213028/https://urdu.news18.com/news/nation/north-india-maulana-mahmood-madni-on-maulana-riasat-ali-bijnori-death-217348.html |archive-date=2024-12-01 |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=[[News18 Urdu]] |language=ur-IN}}</ref>

He was survived by five daughters and three sons—Ahmad, Muhammad Qasmi, and Asjad—each of whom became Islamic scholars. Following his death, Muhammad Qasmi was appointed rector of Madrasa Husainia, having previously served as deputy rector since 1996.<ref name="Obaidullah" />

== See also ==
* [[Madrasa Hussainia, Kadru]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nomani, Muhammad Azhar}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:People from Madhubani district]]
[[Category:People from Ranchi]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]

Padshahi Phuli Manya Mandal

2026-03-07T05:35:35Z

Bhargava1920: starting first info w/ infobox

{{short description|Royal Family Order of Patiala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox order
|name= Padshahi Phuli Manya Mandal
|awarded_by= [[File:Coat of Arms of Patiala.png|60px|alt=]] the [[Maharaja of Patiala]]|type = [[Royal Family Order]]
|eligibility =at the Maharaja's pleasure
|status =Dormant since 1947
|founder=[[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Bhupinder Singh]]|head_title= Sovereign
|head= [[Amarinder Singh]]
|established = {{circa|1918}}
|country=[[Patiala State]]|recipients=
}}
'''Padshahi Phuli Manya Mandal''' (or '''Royal Phulkian Family Order''') was an order conferred as a sign of personal esteem by the [[Maharaja of Patiala]].

==Description==
This order was instituted by [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Bhupinder Singh]] around 1918.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_Indica_Princely_States_in/qPYvAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=185 |language=en}}</ref> It was awarded in recognition of personal services to the household of the [[Maharaja of Patiala]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=McClenaghan |first=Tony |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Indian_Princely_Medals/YQdZlHJ2WTAC |title=Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States |date=1996 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-897829-19-6 |pages=212–213 |language=en}}</ref> The Order consists of six classes: Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander, Commander, Officer, Member of the Fifth Class, and Member of the Sixth Class.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

It bore the following inscription in [[Gurmukhi]] script: Pachhmi Padshah Phooli Phali Raha Phuli Ki Bari ({{Translation|May the House of Phul prosper for ever}}).<ref name=":1" />

==See also==

* [[Nishan-i-Phul]]
* [[Yadu Vansha Manya Mandal]]
* [[Guru Ghar Manya Mandal]]

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Awards established in 1918]]
[[Category:1918 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of former countries]]
[[Category:Patiala State]]

Box Cinema

2026-02-25T14:09:57Z

Bhargava1920: added basic stub needs work

{{short description|Indian Hindi movie channel}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| logo = Box-Cinema.jpg
| name = Box Cinema
| headquarters = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| area = India
| sister_channels =
| owner = Box Cinemedia Services Pvt Ltd
| language = [[Hindi]]
| launch_date = {{launch date and age|2019|01|24|df=yes}}
| closed_date = {{end date and age|2022|06|06|df=yes}}
| replaced_by = Atrangii
| replaced =
| website = [https://boxcinemedia.com/index.php Official Website]
}}

'''Box Cinema'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Cinema|url=https://www.lyngsat.com/tvchannels/in/Box-Cinema.html|work=Lyngsat|accessdate=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Cinema added on lcn 344 on Dish TV|url=https://www.dthhelp.net/box-cinema-added-on-lcn-344-on-dish-tv|work=Dthhelp|accessdate=27 November 2021}}</ref> was a [[free-to-air]] Indian Hindi movie channel that was owned by Box Cinemedia Services Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|title=All about Fakt Marathi and Box Cinema — two TV channels named with Republic in 'TRP scandal'|url=https://theprint.in/india/all-about-fakt-marathi-and-box-cinema-two-tv-channels-named-with-republic-in-trp-scandal/519973/?amp|work=Theprint|date=9 October 2020 |accessdate=27 November 2021}}</ref> The channel shows Bollywood and South Indian dubbed movies.

== History ==
Box Cinemedia Services Pvt Ltd launched Box Cinema in January 2019. This channel shows Bollywood, Hollywood, and South Indian dubbed movies. It was replaced by Atrangii on 6 June 2022.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2019]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]

{{India-tv-station-stub}}

Bawlpu

2026-02-24T20:10:18Z

Bhargava1920: quick add formatting for clarity also and fixed typos for consistency

{{Short description|Medicine man and priest in traditional Mizo village}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2024}}

The '''Bawlpu''' is a term to refer to a medicine man in a traditional village of the [[Mizo people]], he was called by the villagers to cure sickness and diseases.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lalthangliana|first=B|title=Culture and folklore of Mizoram|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=2005|isbn=9788123026589|location=|pages=}}</ref> He performed rituals and sacrifices to heal the sick through [[propitiation]] and [[exorcism]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lawmsanga|date=2010|title=A critical study on Christian mission with special reference to the Presbyterian church of Mizoram|url=http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/767|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-27|website=UBIRA eThesis}}</ref> An animal sacrifice will be made by the Bawlpu as per the requirement after the examination of the sick to cure the disease.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Socio cultural background of the Mizo|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/195983/9/09_chapter%202.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-27|website=}}</ref>

In traditional Mizo belief, evil spirits were believed to cause sickness among human beings. So, anyone who suffered from any illness have to consulted Bawlpu for his intervention to cure by acting as a gobetween evil spirits and human beings.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Mizo]]
[[Category:Folk healers]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Jiaganj Azimganj

2026-02-24T01:26:43Z

Bhargava1920: fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{citation style|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jiaganj Azimganj
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Chintamani Parshvanath Jain temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Chintamani Parshvanath Jain temple in Azimganj
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.23|N|88.27|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Jiaganj Azimganj Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Jiaganj Azimganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Jiaganj_Azimganj.htm}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 11.50
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 30
| population_total = 47228
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 742123 (Jiaganj) 742122 (Azimganj)
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate = WB57, WB58
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jiaganj Azimganj''' is a city and a municipality in [[Murshidabad district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=500| height=400| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|24|15|0|N|88|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Lalbag and Domkal subdivisions, Murshidabad district''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical place Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|8|13|N|88|28|34|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Harharia Chak | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Harharia Chak]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|9|17|N|88|27|59|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Islampur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Islampur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|10|48|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Murshidabad| numbered3=M| mark-title3=[[Murshidabad]] (M) | shape-color3= #800000
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|14|42|N|88|16|6|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Jiaganj| numbered4=M| mark-title4=[[Jiaganj]] (M) |shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black 
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|13|40|N|88|15|25|E}} | label-pos5=bottom|label5= Azimganj| numbered5=M| mark-title5=[[Azimganj]] (M) |shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black 
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|19|56|N|88|18|24|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Bhagawangola| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Bhagawangola]] (R) |shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|18|23|N|88|17|53|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Kismattatla| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Kismattatla]] (R) |shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|24|44|N|88|15|29|E}} | label-pos8=bottom|label8= Krishnapur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Krishnapur, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|25|12|N|88|15|0|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Lalgola |labela9=border checkpost| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Lalgola]] (R) |shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|12|50|N|88|5|49|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Nabagram | numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Nabagram, India]] (R) |shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|19|22|N|88|22|35|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Nasipur | numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Nasipur]] (R) |shape-color11=#C40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|17|12|N|88|22|6|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Ranitala | numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Ranitala]] (R) |shape-color12=#C40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|5|18|N|88|29|40|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Bhagirathpur | numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bhagirathpur]] (R) |shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|7|55|N|88|32|30|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Domkal | numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Domkal]] (R) |shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|7|52|N|88|41|21|E}} | label-pos15=top|label15= Jalangi | numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Jalangi]] (R) |shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|10|19|N|88|29|59|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Kasbagoas | numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Kasbagoas]] (R) |shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|13|34|N|88|32|47|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Raninagar | numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Raninagar]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|7|58|N|88|39|2|E}} | label-pos18=bottom|label18= Sadikhanr Diar | numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Sadikhanr Diar]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|13|48|N|88|41|24|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Sagarpara | numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Sagarpara]] (R) |shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|15|54|N|88|33|4|E}} | label-pos20=top|label20= Shaikhpara | numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Shaikhpara]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|9|45|N|88|15|32|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21=Khushbagh| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Khushbagh]] (H)| shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|23|0|N|88|9|20|E}} | label22= Bhagirathi River| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22= 30| label-pos22=right| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22 =none
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|21|10|N|88|28|20|E}} | label23= Padma River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23= -8| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|12|40|N|88|23|30|E}} | label24= Jalangi |labela24= River| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24= -50| label-pos24=right| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|9|0|N|88|39|0|E}}|label25= Bhairab|labela25= River| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=-70| label-pos25=top| label-size25=11| mark-size25=0| mark-title25=none
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|7|0|N|88|22|0|E}}|label26= Gorba|labela26= Nala| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=-90| label-pos26=top| label-size26=11| mark-size26=0| mark-title26=none
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|15|20|N|88|14|15|E}} | label-pos27= left|label27=Baranagar| numbered27=H| mark-title27= [[Baranagar, Murshidabad]] (H)| shape-color27=#AA6666
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|13|10|N|88|16|30|E}} | label-pos28= right|label28=Nashipur| numbered28=H| mark-title28= [[Nashipur]] (H)| shape-color28=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|11|5|N|88|15|20|E}} | label-pos29= left|label29=Rosnaiganj| numbered29=H| mark-title29= [[Rosnaiganj]] (H)| shape-color29=#AA6666
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|12|0|N|88|13|7|E}} | label-pos30= left|label30=Kiriteswari Temple| numbered30=H| mark-title30= [[Kiriteswari Temple]] (H)| shape-color30=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|28|0|N|88|32|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=0.5| arc-gapA=6.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
The two towns of Jiaganj and Azimganj are located on either side of the [[Hooghly River|Baghirathi River]], Jiaganj (Ziaganj) on the east bank and Azimganj on the west bank. Jiaganj is located at {{coord|24.2452|N|88.2685|E|display=inline}}. Azimganj is located at is located at {{coord|24.2362|N|88.2585|E|display=inline}}.

Baluchar is the old name of Jiaganj, which was changed to Jiaganj after the [[Mughal Empire]] conquered [[Bengal]], and gained control of [[Murshidabad]].
{{Bengal Zamindars series}}

===Area overview===
While the [[Lalbag subdivision]] is spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district, [[Rarh region|Rarh]] and Bagri, the [[Domkal subdivision]] occupies the north-eastern corner of Bagri. In the map alongside, the [[Ganges]]/ [[Padma River]] flows along the northern portion. The border with Bangladesh can be seen in the north and the east. Murshidabad district shares with Bangladesh a porous international border which is notoriously crime prone (partly shown in this map). The Ganges has a tendency to change course frequently, causing [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|severe erosion]], mostly along the southern bank.<ref name=river>{{cite web | url = http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | title = Types and sources of floods in Murshidabad, West Bengal | work = Swati Mollah | publisher = Indian Journal of Applied Research, February 2013 | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820073737/http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | archive-date = 20 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher= Murshidabad district authorities | access-date= 24 July 2017 | archive-date= 29 August 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170829154116/http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://edgeofhumanity.com/2020/12/27/child-labor-illnesses-lost-childhoods-indias-tobacco-industry/ |title = Child labour, illness & lost childhoods, India's tobacco industry |date = 27 December 2020 |publisher= Edge of Humanity Magazine, 27 December 2020| access-date = 13 July 2021}}</ref> The historic city of [[Murshidabad]], a centre of major tourist attraction, is located in this area. In 1717, when [[Murshid Quli Khan]] became [[Subahdar]], he made Murshidabad the capital of [[Bengal Subah|Subah Bangla]] (then Bengal, Bihar and Odisha).<ref name="gazetteer">{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/Gazeteer/Chapter%203.pdf | title = District Gazeteer | work = {{in lang|bn}} Chapter 3: History | publisher = Murshidabad District Administration | access-date = 12 September 2017 | archive-date = 9 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170809154212/http://murshidabad.gov.in/Gazeteer/Chapter%203.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> The entire area is overwhelmingly rural with over 90% of the population living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_6MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= District Primary Census Abstract page 26|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 2 July 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Jiaganj Azimganj had a population of 47,228. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Jiaganj and Azimganj has an average literacy rate of 68% : male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 62%. In Jiaganj Azimganj, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindus form 88.7% of the population while Jains form 1.3% of the city population. Muslims make up about 9% of the population rest 1% are Sikhs, Buddhists and Christians.

==Neighbourhoods==
===Transport===
The town's rail station is [[Jiaganj railway station]].

===Begamganj===
Begamganj is an older locality in Jiaganj. The main marketplace in Jiaganj is within Begamjanj. The Boro Govinda Bari is a place of religious interest.

===Azimganj===
[[File:Chatt 7.jpg|thumb|[[Chhath]] Puja celebration at Azimganj]]
[[File:Bari Kothi 1.jpg|thumb|Bari Kothi, heritage hotel at Azimganj]]
Azimganj is situated at the west bank of river Bhagirathi. There are two railway stations Azimganj city and Azimganj junction. The old and historic city of Nawab period is situated near [[Azimganj City railway station|Azimganj city railway station]].

====Azimganj Rajbari====
In the 18th century, the Sheherwalis community of [[Śvetāmbara|Shwetambar]] [[Jainism in Bengal|Jain]] businessman from [[Rajasthan]] migrated to Murshidabad. They worked tirelessly to create their empires in textile and banking and went on to become Zamindars. The Sheherwalis adapted to the then prevalent cultural influences in the region namely, Mughal, British, Bengali and European and as such created their own unique culture over generations. They settled in the twin cities of Azimganj-Jiaganj. The most notable Sheherwali was [[Jagat Seth family|Jagat Seth]] (literally, ‘universal banker’, title accorded by the Mughal empire).[[Jagat Seth family]]

== Education ==

[[Sripat Singh College]] was established in 1949 at Jiaganj. The [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jain]] [[zemindar]] of Jiaganj, Sripat Singh Dugar, gifted the palatial out-house of his palace and a handsome sum in cash for the college. Affiliated with the [[University of Kalyani]], it offers honours courses in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], history, philosophy, political science, economics, physics, chemistry, mathematics and botany, and post graduation in Bengali.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sripatsinghcollege.org/ | title = Sripat Singh College | publisher = SSC |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/SripatSinghCollege/Sripat_Singh_College.shtml | title = Sripat Singh College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>

[[Rani Dhanya Kumari College]] was initially started as an evening college in the premises of [[Sripat Singh College]] in 1962 at Jiaganj. It shifted to its present premises in 1972. Affiliated with the [[University of Kalyani]], it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, sociology, political science, history, geography and [[Bachelor of Commerce|BCom]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://rdkcollege.in/ | title = Rani Dhanya Kumari College | publisher = RDKC |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.collegeadmission.in/RaniDhanyakumariCollege/Rani_Dhanyakumari_College.shtml | title = Rani Dhanyakumari College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>

Rajmati Parichand Bothra Memorial Jiaganj College of Engineering and Technology at Jiaganj offers diploma courses in engineering.

Jiaganj Institute of Education & Training, Baluchar PTTI, Vivekanada Teachers' Training Institute, Jiaganj School of Nursing Training

==Connectivity==
There are two parallel railway links on both the sides of river Bhagirathi. One is connecting [[Sealdah]] to Jiaganj through [[Lalgola branch line]] and another [[Howrah]] to Azimganj through [[Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop]]. A new rail bridge is coming up over river Bhagirathi connecting [[Nashipur]] to Azimganj. Azimganj-Nalhati Railway line started in 1872.

Important train that originates from [[Azimganj Junction railway station]] :
# '''[[Ganadevata Express]]''' (Daily)
# '''[[Howrah–Malda Town Intercity Express]]''' (Daily)
# '''[[Nabadwip Dham–Malda Town Express]]''' (Daily)

Apart from this through road links, Jiaganj is connected to adjacent townships like Lalbagh (Murshidabad), [[Berhampore]], [[Lalgola]], [[Bhagawangola|Bhagabangola]].

Important train that goes through [[Jiaganj railway station]] :
# '''[[Bhagirathi Express]]''' (Daily)
# '''[[Hazarduari Express]]''' (Daily)
# '''Dhano Dhanye Express'''

Jiaganj and Azimganj are connected by boat service managed by local municipality on river Bhagirathi.

==Jain temples==
There are several historic [[Jain temple]]s in the city including Sri [[Neminatha|Neminath]] Swami, Chintamani [[Pārśvanātha|Parasnath]], [[Shantinatha|Shantinath]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panoramio.com/photo/27490794|title=Panoramio - Photo of Sri Sambhavnath Jain Temple, Azimganj}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panoramio.com/photo/24879244|title=Panoramio - Photo of Sumatinath Jain Temple, Azimganj}}</ref> Gaudi Parshwanath, [[Padmaprabha]], and Sanwalia Parasnath (Rambagh) temples and a ''[[Dādābadī|dadabadi]]'' at Rambagh.

Jiaganj 1. Shree [[Sambhavanatha|Shambhabnath]] Ji, 2. Shree [[Rishabhanatha|Adinath]] Ji, 3. Shree [[Vimalanatha|Bimalnath]] Ji, 4. Shree Adinath Ji, [[Kathgola Palace|Kathgola]] temple, 5. Dadabari at Kiratbagh, 6. [[Vasupujya|Basupujya]] Parswanath Swami Jinalaya at Kiratbagh, [[Mahavira|Mahavir]] Swami [[Digambara|Digambar]] Jain Mandir.

==Healthcare==
Jiagnj Rural Hospital functions with 30 beds at Jiaganj and Azimganj [[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Centre]] at Azimganj functions with 15 beds.<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 September 2017 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Arijit Singh]], [[Playback singer]]
* [[Mir Afsar Ali]], News presenter, actor and Radio jockey of [[Radio Mirchi]]
* Indra Dugar, Painter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=indra-dugar-a-profile-of-a-painter&iid=34&articleid=1022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905211234/http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=indra-dugar-a-profile-of-a-painter&iid=34&articleid=1022|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 September 2015|title=Indra Dugar: A Profile of a Painter|date=June 2012}}</ref>
* [[Bidhayak Bhattacharya]] Scriptwriter, actor, author
*Hari Makhan Das and his disciple Radharani Devi, who was also a noted film-actress of 1930s-40s, a contemporary co-actress of [[Kanan Devi|Kanan Bala]].
*[[Anwara Bahar Chowdhury]], Social activist and writer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chowdhury, Anwara Bahar - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chowdhury,_Anwara_Bahar |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111104075917/http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=AZ&name=AZIMGANJ+JN Indian trains]
*[http://jamunicipality.in Official site of Jiaganj Azimganj Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140246/http://jamunicipality.in/ |date=19 June 2018 }}
*[http://www.jiaganjazimganj.blogspot.com/ Personal website of Jiaganj Azimganj Murshidabad Town]
*[http://www.schoolsworld.in/schools/showschool.php?school_id=19072800803 DEBIPUR M. G. D. HIGH SCHOOL JIAGANJ-AZIMGANJ (M)]

{{Murshidabad District}}
{{Murshidabad topics}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]

Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, Junnar

2026-02-22T20:11:38Z

Bhargava1920: started bio

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2019|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, Junnar
| image = Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya (Main Building).jpg
| caption = Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya main building
| motto = ''Play the Game''(Practise Virtue)
| established = 1935
| type = [[public university|Public]] [[co-ed]]
| chairperson = Junnar Education Society
| principal =
| enrollment =
| address = Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, Rao-Saheb Butte Patil Marg, Kalyan Peth, Junnar
| city = [[Junnar, Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| former_names = New English School
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]], English
| sports = Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Athletics games
| faculty =
| administrative_staff =
}}

'''Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya''', formerly New English School, [[Junnar]] is one of the oldest and reputed school in the western [[India|Maharashtra]], in the town of [[Junnar]] in [[Pune]] district. It was established in 1935 by the [[Junnar Education Society]] under the intellectual and academic leadership of the famous educator R.P.Sabnis, a [[Cambridge University]] alumni. The institute has the motto "Play the game" and ''धर्मं चर'' (Practise the Virtue) from [[Taittiriya Upanishad]].

The institute is built on {{cvt|18|acre}} of land donated by [[Rao-Saheb Ramchandra Anaji Butte Patil]] in memory of his son, Shankarrao Butte Patil. Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya has secondary, higher secondary and English medium school running under its umbrella.

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}

{{Coord|19.2|N|73.88|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Schools in Pune district]]

Gummanur Jayaram

2026-02-20T17:03:07Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1968)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Overly detailed|date=August 2020}}
{{Fanpov|date=August 2020}}
{{Like resume|date=August 2020}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Gummanur Jayaram
| image =
| caption =
| office3 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry| Former Minister of Labour, Employment & Factories]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| termstart3 = 30 May 2019
| term_end3 = 5 March 2024
| 1blankname3 = Governor
| 1namedata3 = {{ubl| ▪︎ [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]| ▪︎ [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]| ▪︎ [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]}}
| 2blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 2namedata3 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| predecessor3 = [[Pithani Satyanarayana]]
| successor3 =
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly| Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 2 June 2014
| term_end1 = 5 March 2024
| predecessor1 = Patil Neeraja Reddy
| successor1 = [[Busine Virupakshi|B. Virupakshi]]
| constituency1 = [[Alur (Assembly constituency)|Aluru]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Y. Venkatarama Reddy]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Guntakal (Assembly constituency)|Guntakal]]
| party = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|40px]] [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| otherparty = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|40px]] [[YSR Congress Party]] (2011-2024) [[File:PrajaRajyamPartyFlag.png|40px]] [[Praja Rajyam Party]] (2009-2011)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|10|16}}
| birth_place = [[Gummanur village]], [[Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh]], India
| spouse = {{marriage|Gummanur Renuka|1989}}
| children = 5
| relatives =
| alma_mater = Municipal Boys High School, [[Bellary, Karnataka]]
| website =
}}

'''Gummanur Jayaram''' (born 16 October 1968) is an Indian politician from [[Telugu Desam Party]] and formerly a member of YSR Party and Minister of Labour, Employment, Training, Factories in the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="Andhra Pradesh Ministers: Portfolios and profiles">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Andhra Pradesh Ministers: Portfolios and profiles |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-ministers-portfolios-and-profiles/article27698301.ece |access-date=15 April 2022 |work= |date=8 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415155454/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-ministers-portfolios-and-profiles/article27698301.ece |archive-date=15 April 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=ap>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=56|title=Minister Portfolio|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102093851/https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=56|archive-date=2 November 2020|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-ministers-portfolios-and-profiles/article27698301.ece|title=Andhra Pradesh Ministers: Portfolios and profiles|date=2019-06-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/kanti-velugu-aimed-to-test-vision-of-5-cr-people-in-state-minister-571462|title=Kanti Velugu aimed to test vision of 5 cr people in State: Minister|date=2019-10-11|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref> He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the AP Legislative Assembly (India)]] (MLA) representing [[Alur (Assembly constituency)]] in both the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] and [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.

==Political career==

===2019 Election ===
In 2019 election, Jayaram contested again as MLA representing [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] from Alur against Kotla Sujathamma from [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]. He won with total votes of 107,101 with 161 Postal and 106940 General representing 56%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11673-andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/|title=Elections 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> With a statewide majority by the YSRCP, they formed the state government headed by [[Jagan Mohan Reddy]] as CM, and Jayaram was chosen as Minister of Labour, Employment, Training, Factories in Jagan's cabinet.

=== 2024 Election ===
Jayaram was fired from his ministry as he joined hands with [[Telugu Desam Party]] without resigning his post.<ref name="Gummanur Jayaram, Labour Minister and YSRCP MLA from Alur, joins TDP">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Gummanur Jayaram, Labour Minister and YSRCP MLA from Alur, joins TDP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gummanur-jayaram-labour-minister-and-ysrcp-mla-from-alur-joins-tdp/article67917572.ece |access-date=23 March 2024 |date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323145645/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gummanur-jayaram-labour-minister-and-ysrcp-mla-from-alur-joins-tdp/article67917572.ece |archive-date=23 March 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-05 |title=Minister Gummanur Jayaram resigns from YSRCP and joins TDP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/minister-gummanur-jayaram-resigns-from-ysrcp-and-joins-tdp/articleshow/108243541.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He remains the only minister to be fired from his position in the history of bifurcated Andhra Pradesh.

==Development projects==

Jayaram led a project bringing water channels to his constituency. He also addressed the problem in labour department,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/andhra-pradesh/news/ex-minister-atchannaidu-will-go-to-jail-says-minister-gummanur-jayaram/articleshow/74240890.cms|title=ESI Scam: 'అచ్చెన్నాయుడు జైలుకెళ్లడం ఖాయం'|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> and worked with the Central Government to deliver the upcoming hospital where MoS [[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]] laid the foundation stone of the ESI Hospital in [[Kakinada]], Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indusdictum.com/2020/02/26/mos-labour-gangwar-lays-foundation-stone-of-100-bed-esi-hospital-in-andhra-2/|title=MoS Labour Gangwar lays foundation stone of 100-bed ESI hospital in Andhra|date=February 26, 2020|website=Indus Dictum}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Gummanur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:People from Rayalaseema]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]

{{AndhraPradesh-YSRCP-politician-stub}}
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Praja Rajyam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]

Gargi Raina

2026-02-19T04:40:02Z

Bhargava1920: added initial data w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Indian painter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Gargi Raina''' is an Indian painter who lives and works in [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theartstrust.com/artistprofile.aspx?artistid=245&name=Gargi%C2%A0Raina|title=Gargi Raina|website=theartstrust.com|access-date=2017-09-16|archive-date=16 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916141109/http://www.theartstrust.com/artistprofile.aspx?artistid=245&name=Gargi%C2%A0Raina|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aptglobal.org/en/Artists/Page/3016/Gargi-Raina|title=Gargi Raina|publisher=Artist Pension Trust|access-date=2017-09-16|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916140415/http://www.aptglobal.org/en/Artists/Page/3016/Gargi-Raina|archivedate=2017-09-16}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Gargi's family is originally from [[Kashmir]] and later settled in Lahore and then during [[Partition of India]], they moved to Delhi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=The Khoj Book 1997–2007: Contemporary Art Practice in India|last=Sood|first=Pooja|publisher=Collins|year=2010|pages=130–134}}</ref> She was born in New Delhi in 1961 and received a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] (BFA) degree from The College of Arts, New Delhi in 1985. She further went on to get a [[Master of Fine Arts]] (MFA) in Painting from the Faculty of Fine Arts, [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1988.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Career ==
Gargi was awarded the 2002 Residency at Taipei Artists Village in Taiwan. She is represented by Bodhi Art, Gallery Threshold and Palette Art Gallery. She has also participated in ''Lo Real Maravilloso: Marvelous Reality'', 20 Year Celebration of Gallery Espace at [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], New Delhi, 2009.<ref name=":1" />

She uses [[gouache]] and dry [[pastels]] on paper and wood, and works in sequences which follow a narrative, linear in the way it reads but elastic in the way that it enables the user to comprehend and examine the artwork.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saffronart.com/artists/gargi-raina|title=Gargi Raina|website=Saffronart|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

She says, "''I've been working with the idea of stretching time. It's like seeing something in slow motion or looking at one thing and stretching that time, being able to go backwards and forwards and doing it at a very, very slow pace. I think that has been very crucial to a lot of the work that I have been doing recently''."<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mojarto.com/artists/gargi-raina-27392|title=Gargi Raina – Famous Indian Artist, Gargi Raina Paintings {{!}} Mojarto|website=mojarto.com|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

She has conducted several workshops in [[Gerlesborg School of Fine Art|Gorlesborg]], Sweden, the Max Mueller Bhawan in Chennai, the [[KHOJ, International Artists' Association|Khoj International Artists]] Workshop in [[Modinagar]] and [[Srinagar]], South Asian Women's Peace Workshop in Lahore, Pakistan organised by Salima Hashmi and workshop at Zenana Mahal in [[Udaipur]] Palace in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Constructing the memory of a room|last=Raina|first=Gargi|publisher=Bodhi Art|year=2008|isbn=978-81-903499-9-4}}</ref>

She works and lives in [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0" />

== Exhibitions ==

=== Solo exhibitions ===
# ''Constructing the Memory of a Room, Paintings and Installations from 2001–07'', Bodhi Art, New Delhi, 2007; Sakshi Gallery, Mumbai, 1999 and 1996; Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 1996; Gallery 7, Mumbai, 1992.

=== Group exhibitions ===
# ''Snow'', The Palette Art Gallery, New Delhi, in collaboration with Tao Art Gallery, Mumbai, 2010
# ''Zip Files'', Tao Art Gallery, Mumbai, 2009
# ''Relative Visa'', Bodhi Space, Mumbai, 2009
# ''Material/Im-mmaterial'', Gallery Collection, Bodhi Art, Gurgaon, 2008
# ''Mapping Memories–2, Painted Travelogues of Bali and Burma'', Gallery Threshold, New Delhi, 2008
# ''Angkor: The Silent Centuries'', Gallery Threshold, New Delhi, 2005

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raina, Gargi}}
[[Category:Indian women contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara]]
[[Category:Women artists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]

2026 Mancherial Municipal Corporation election

2026-02-14T13:31:02Z

Bhargava1920: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[2026 Telangana local elections]]

Mr & Mrs Khiladis

2026-02-06T04:22:43Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mr & Mrs Khiladis Zee Tamil.jpg
| image_size = 260
| genre = Stunt/dare [[game show]]
| creator =
| based_on = [[Fear Factor]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| creative_director =
| director = Kaushik Ravi
| presenter = [[Deepak Dinkar]]
| judges =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 60+
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| company =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 40-45 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Zee Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2016|5|28}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2016|8|28}}
| related = [[Fear Factor]]
| image_alt =
}}

'''''Mr & Mrs Khiladis''''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language celebrity stunt based reality television series based on the American series ''[[Fear Factor]]''. The show first season was premiered on 17 September 2016 on [[Zee Tamil]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Mr-Mrs-Killadis-a-new-reality-show-on-Zee-Tamil/articleshow/52090838.cms|title=Mr & Mrs Killadis- a new reality show on Zee Tamil|work=The Times of India |date=3 May 2016 }}</ref> and also available to watch on digital platform [[ZEE5]]. The show was being host by [[Deepak Dinkar]] for all the seasons.

==Seasons overview==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! colspan="2" | Original Broadcast
!style="padding:0 50px;" rowspan="2"|Time
! rowspan="2" |Winner
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First Aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last Aired
|-
|style="background:#FB607F|
|align="center"| '''[[#Season 1|1]]'''
| 28
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2016|5|28}}
|{{end date|df=yes|2016|8|28}}
| Saturday to Sunday 20:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
|style="background:cyan;" |Yuvaraj & [[Gayathri Yuvraaj]]
|-
|style="background:#0000A0|
|align="center"| '''[[Dance Jodi Dance (season 2)|2]]'''
|
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2018|6|23}}
|{{end date|df=yes|2018|9|16}}
| Saturday to Sunday 20:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
|style="background:cyan;" | Siddharth & Priyadarshini
|}

==Season 1==
The first season of the show began airing on 28 May 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Mr-Mrs-Killadi-from-May-28/articleshow/52359384.cms|title=Mr & Mrs Killadi from May 28|work=The Times of India |date=20 May 2016 }}</ref> and ended on 28 August 2016, after airing 28 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Mr-Mrs-Khiladi-to-be-aired-tomorrow/articleshow/52465873.cms|title=Mr & Mrs Khiladi to be aired tomorrow|work=The Times of India |date=27 May 2016 }}</ref> The show was hosted by [[Deepak Dinkar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Zee-Tamil-begins-a-Whatsapp-contest/articleshow/52795417.cms?|title=Zee Tamil does a Whatsapp contest|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

* '''Title Winners of ''Mr & Mrs Khiladis'' 1''' : Yuvaraj & [[Gayathri Yuvraaj]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mr-and-mrs-khiladi-grand-finale-tonight/articleshow/53896542.cms|title=Mr and Mrs Khiladi grand finale tonight|work=The Times of India |date=28 August 2016 }}</ref>

===Contestants===
* [[Rachitha Mahalakshmi]] and [[Dinesh Gopalsamy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/rachitha-dinesh-participate-mr-mrs-killadis-on-zee-tv-040513.html|title=ஒரு பானையை உடைக்க கணவரை இப்படி கஷ்டப்படுத்தலாமா?... ஜீ தமிழின் மிஸ்டர் அன்ட் மிசஸ் கில்லாடிகள்|date=13 June 2016 |publisher=tamil.filmibeat.com}}</ref>
* [[Myna Nandhini]] and Karthik Ravichandran (Karthikeyan)
* Yuvaraj and [[Gayathri Yuvraaj]]
* [[Badava Gopi]] and Haritha
* Mani and Chrylsheelaa
* Anu and Vignesh
* Minnal Deepa and Ramesh
* Nethran and Deepa
* Adhivith and Archana
* Sarath and Swapna

==Season 2==
The second season aired on every Saturday and Sunday at 21:30 from 23 June 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mr-mrs-khiladis-is-back-with-season-two/articleshow/64697470.cms|title='Mr & Mrs Khiladis' is back with season two|work=The Times of India |date=23 June 2018 }}</ref> to 16 September 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mr-mrs-khiladis-2s-finale-episode-starts-today/articleshow/65809951.cms|title=Mr & Mrs Khiladis 2's finale episode starts today|work=The Times of India |date=15 September 2018 }}</ref> Deepak Dinkar was again appointed as the host. The season title winner is Siddharth and his wife Priyadarshini.

* '''Title Winners of ''Mr & Mrs Khiladis'' 2''' : Siddharth & Priyadarshini

* Siddharth and Priyadarshini
* Ishvar and Jayashree
* Subbulakshmi and Kamalesh
* Dhanalakshmi and Shiva
* Raghav and Preetha
* Karthik and Rathi
* Anandhi and Aja
* [[Farina Azad]] and Rahman<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mr-mrs-khiladis-2-fame-farina-azad-and-ubaidh-rahman-celebrate-their-first-marriage-anniversary/articleshow/66378577.cms?from=mdr|title=Mr & Mrs Khiladis 2 fame Farina Azad and Ubaidh Rahman celebrate their first marriage anniversary|work=The Times of India |date=26 October 2018 }}</ref>
* Jenifer and Kasivishwanathan
* Singapore Deepan and Sukanya

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/global/tv-shows/details/mr-and-mrs-khiladis/0-6-157 ''Mr & Mrs Khiladis''] on [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|10305458}}

{{Zee Tamil shows}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mr and Mrs Khiladis}}
[[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:Tamil-language game shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on American television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Western India Shipyard

2026-01-26T16:46:31Z

Bhargava1920: started stub

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Western India Shipyard Limited.
| logo =
| type = Public Limited Company
| traded_as = {{BSE was|531217}}
| foundation = 1993
| location_city = [[Mormugao]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| area_served =
| key_people = Cdr S.K MUTREJA (ceo)
| industry = [[Shiprepair]]
| products =
| services = Ship repair
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| caption =
| homepage = {{URL|wisl.co.in}}
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}

'''Western India Shipyard Limited''' is a composite ship repair company based in [[Goa]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1766965.cms |title=Western India Shipyard bags Rs 6 cr order - The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2006-07-17 |accessdate=2013-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBOM363020070720 |title=ABG Shipyard in race for Western India Shipyard-report |work=Reuters|date=20 July 2007 |accessdate=2013-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WSHP.BO |title=Western India Shipyard Ltd (WSHP.BO) Company Profile |work=Reuters |date=2009-02-09 |accessdate=2013-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/western-india-shipyard-in-4-yr-wage-contract-with-workmen-111011000151_1.html
|newspaper=Business Standard
|date=10 January 2011
|title=Western India Shipyard in 4-yr wage contract with workmen
|accessdate=22 July 2013}}</ref>

==History==
Western India Shipyard Limited was registered in 1993 and has a dedicated composite ship repair yard at [[Mormugao]] Harbour at [[Goa]] under a 25-year licence agreement with the [[Mormugao]] Port Trust. It was taken over by [[ABG Shipyard]] Limited, a major shipbuilder with shipbuilding yards based at [[Dahej]] and [[Surat]], by the acquisition of equity stake of 60%,<ref name=bs-acquisition>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/abg-shipyard-completes-acquisitionwestern-india-shipyard/112329/on|title=ABG Shipyard completes acquisition of Western India Shipyard|work=Business Standard|date=15 October 2010|accessdate=2011-09-10}}</ref> The company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange {{BSE|531217}}.

==Facilities==
WISL has modern infrastructure like floating dry dock of 20000 TLC or 60000 DWT, 2 wet repair jetties of 180 metres, 2 outfitting berths. It has a water area of 50000 sq. metres in breakwaters and 31000 sq. metres of land area housing its office blocks and heavy workshops, paint shops and fabrication yards, DG sets and other allied plant and equipment. Its material handling arrangements include 2 heavy portal rail cranes of 35T and 50T, 2 EOTS, 4 dock cranes & 70T mobile crane. There are also storage/warehousing facilities of Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) & Container Freight Station (CFS) at [[Verna, Goa|Verna]], [[Goa]].

==Products==
WISL yard has ISO 9001:2008 Quality Certification for ship repairs issued by the [[Bureau Veritas]].

Ship repairs consists of replacement of ageing steel plate, pipes and valves, refurbishment of crew accommodation, repair / replacement / renovation of deck side equipment, crane and tank covers, navigational equipment like propeller and rudder repairs, hull and tank repairs, surface coatings and rust prevention, air conditioning and communication systems, etc.

It caters to repair of [[passenger ship]], [[tanker (ship)]], [[cargo ship]], [[tranship]], [[dredgers]], [[fishing trawler]], barge, [[Offshore support vessel]], warships of [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] and [[Oil platform|oil rigs]].

The company has repaired over 544 vessels and 13 deep water jack up oil rigs at its shipyard since 1996. The company has fared well for the financial year ended 31.03.2012 as per its annual report for 2011–12.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|15.414|73.790|display=title}}

[[Category:1993 establishments in Goa]]
[[Category:Shipyards of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Goa]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:ABG Shipyard]]

Goalpara district

2026-01-25T16:34:50Z

Bhargava1920: refine citations and improved wording per sources

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Goalpara}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Goalpara district
| official_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| image_skyline = শ্ৰীসূৰ্য পাহাৰৰ প্ৰাচীন ঐতিহ্যৰ ভগ্নাৱশেষ, শিৱ লিংগ ১৬.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shiva temple at [[Sri Surya Pahar]]
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname = Raghunath
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Assam Division|Lower Assam]]
| established_title = 
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_date = 20 October 1994
| founder =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Goalpara]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhubri]] (shared with [[South Salmara-Mankachar District]], [[Dhubri district]])
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Dudhnai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dudhnai]], [[Goalpara East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Goalpara East]], [[Goalpara West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Goalpara West]], [[Jaleswar, Assam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaleswar]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1824
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1,008,183
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = [[Goalpariya people|Goalpariya]]
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 783 101 to** (** area code)
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03663
| registration_plate = AS 18
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]], IN-AS-GP
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|https://goalpara.assam.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Goalpara district''' is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] of the Indian state of [[Assam]].

==History==
It was a princely state ruled by the [[Koch dynasty|Koch kings]] and the then ruler of the undivided kingdom. Today the erstwhile Goalpara district is divided into [[Kokrajhar]], [[Bongaigaon]], [[Dhubri]], and Goalpara district.

The name of the district [[Goalpara]] is said to have originally derived from 'Gwaltippika' meaning 'Guwali village' or the village of the milk men means ([[Yadav]]). The history of Goalpara goes back to several centuries. The district came under British rule in 1765. Before this, the area was under the control of the [[Koch dynasty]]. In 1826 the [[British Empire|British]] accessed [[Assam]] and [[Goalpara]] was annexed to the [[North-East Frontier]] in 1874, along with the creation of district headquarters at [[Dhubri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamspider.com/resources/3417-Goalpara-District-brief-History.aspx |title=A brief history of Goalpara District |date=11 September 2010 |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref>

On 1 July 1983 two districts were split from Goalpara: [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] and [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 11 October 2011 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref> On 29 September 1989 [[Bongaigaon district]] was created from parts of Goalpara and [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]].<ref name='Statoids'/>

==Geography==
The district headquarters are located at Goalpara. Goalpara district occupies an area of {{convert|1824|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | editor = Srivastava, Dayawanti | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[South Korea]]'s [[Jeju Island|Jeju-do]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 11 October 2011 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Jeju-do 1,825km2}}</ref>

==Economy==
In 2006 the Indian government named Goalpara one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the eleven districts in Assam currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Political divisions==
There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Dudhnoi, Goalpara East, Goalpara West, and Jaleswar.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> Dudhnoi and Goalpara West are designated for [[scheduled tribe]]s.<ref name="ceo1"/> Dudhnoi and Goalpara West are in the [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency]], whilst the other two are in the [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

Following are the present MLA's of Goalpara-
*Goalpara East: AK Rasheed Alam ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
*Goalpara West: Abdur Rashid Mondal ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
*[[Jaleswar, Assam Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]] : [[Aftabuddin]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
*Dudhnoi : Jadav Swargiary ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])([[Scheduled Castes|ST]])

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Goalpara district has a population of 1,008,183,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Goalpara |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/214/download/506/DH_2011_1803_PART_A_DCHB_GOALPARA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est. | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> or the US state of [[Montana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Montana 989,415 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721072426/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> of which 171,657 are children between 0–6 years of age. Goalpara has a sex ratio of 964 females for every 1000 males.<ref name=districtcensus/> The crude literacy rate of the district is 55.91%, while the effective literacy rate of 7+ population is 67.4%. 13.69% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.47% and 22.97% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=90,482|13=1911|14=1,17,602|15=1921|16=1,49,263|17=1931|18=1,72,782|19=1941|20=1,98,407|21=1951|22=2,16,763|23=1961|24=2,97,178|25=1971|26=4,33,516|27=1991|28=6,68,138|29=2001|30=8,22,035|31=2011|32=10,08,183|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

===Religions===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Goalpara district (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|green|57.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|34.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|7.72}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.25}}
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Population of circles by religion
!Circle
!Muslims
!Hindus
!Christians
!Others
|-
|[[Lakhipur, Goalpara|Lakhipur]]
|style="background:green;color:white" |80.88%
|17.42%
|1.49%
|0.21%
|-
|Balijana
|style="background:green;color:white" |56.22%
|32.27%
|11.25%
|0.26%
|-
|Matia
|style="background:green;color:white" |61.43%
|32.90%
|5.41%
|0.26%
|-
|[[Dudhnoi]]
|6.52%
|style="background:darkorange" |70.34%
|22.81%
|0.33%
|-
|Rangjuli
|29.56%
|style="background:darkorange" |61.30%
|8.92%
|0.22%
|}

Muslim population in Goalpara district is 57.52%, while Hindu population is 34.51% and Christian Population stands at 7.72% and others include 0.25% respectively as per as census 2011 report. All the Garos are Christian.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Assam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11365/download/14478/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Way back in 1971, Hindus were slight majority in Goalpara district with forming 50.1% of the population, while Muslims were 41.5% at that time.<ref>International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
https://www.ijsrp.org › ijsrp-...PDF The Change of Religion and Language Composition in the State of Assam ...</ref>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption=Languages of Goalpara district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 51.78 |color1 = purple
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 28.83 |color2 = orchid
|label3 = [[Garo language|Garo]] |value3 = 7.56 |color3 = cornflowerblue
|label4 = [[Rabha language|Rabha]] |value4 = 5.16 |color4 = steelblue
|label5 = [[Bodo language|Bodo]] |value5 = 3.53 |color5 = royalblue
|label6 = [[Hindi]] |value6 = 0.94 |color6 = orange
|label7 = Others |value7 = 2.20 |color7 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 51.78% of the population spoke [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 28.83% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.56% [[Garo language|Garo]], 5.16% [[Rabha language|Rabha]], 3.53% [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] and 0.94% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Assam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10195/download/13307/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> [[Bengali language|Bengali]] speakers are 28.8% as per as 2011 census language census report, but Goalpara district is home to a large [[Miya people|Miya]] Muslim population of [[Bengalis|Bengali]] origin, most of whom now identify themselves as [[Assamese language|Assamese]] speakers in the census.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saikia|first=Arunabh|date=2 April 2021|title=A new generation of 'Miya' Muslims in Assam may vote for Congress-AIUDF – but only out of compulsion|url=https://scroll.in/article/991174/a-new-generation-of-miya-muslims-in-assam-may-vote-for-congress-aiudf-but-only-out-of-compulsion|work=Scroll|access-date=16 July 2021|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Samrat|date=8 Jan 2018|title=National Register of Citizens: Identity issue haunts Assam, again|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/01/08/national-register-of-citizens-identity-assam-immigrants|work=Newslaundry|access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref>

==Tourism==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2020}}
Tourist spots in the district include:
*[[Sri Surya Pahar]], a significant but relatively unknown archaeological site in Assam, a hill which showcases the remains of cultural heritage of three important religions of India, [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Malakar |first1=Bhaskar |title=Goalpara District : Home |url=http://goalpara.nic.in/ |website=goalpara.gov.in |access-date=7 April 2020}}</ref>
*Dadan Hill has a Shiva Temple on its top. The temple was established by a general of the army of King Bana of [[Sonitpur]] named Dadan.
*Pir Majhar is situated in Goalpara town, a tomb of a saint named Hazarat Sayed Abul Kasem Kharasani. He is a saint who was respected by Hindus and Muslims alike.
*Pir Majhar is situated in Katarihara, Golapara, a tomb of a Muslim saint named Al Bakdadi.
*Hulukanda hill is located at the center of Goalpara.
*Sri Tukreswari hill
*Paglartek Baba at Barbhita
*Urpod beel of Agia
*Dhamar Risen beel of [[Lakhipur, Goalpara]] are some other attractions of the district.
*Hulukanda Hill, near Bramhaputra river in the town used to be the center of salt trading during British rule. Daniel Raush used to stay there.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Goalpara district}}
* [https://goalpara.assam.gov.in/ Goalpara District Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423022114/https://goalpara.assam.gov.in/ |date=23 April 2025 }}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Goalpara district
|North = [[Bongaigaon district]]
|Northeast = [[Barpeta district]]
|East = [[Kamrup district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[East Garo Hills]], [[Meghalaya]]
|Southwest = [[West Garo Hills]], [[Meghalaya]]
|West = [[Dhubri district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{coord|26|26|N|90|22|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Goalpara district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]

Sadanandan Rangorath

2026-01-25T02:57:24Z

Bhargava1920: started new entry

{{Short description|Indian film producer and businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sadanandan
|image = Sadanandan Rangorath.jpg
| birth_name = Sadanandan Rangorath
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|07|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kollengode, Palakkad]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Film producer]] [[Film director]] [[Business engineering]]
| othername =
| yearsactive = 2002 – present
| website =
}}

'''Sadanandan Rangorath''' is an Indian [[film producer]] and businessman best known in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veni |first=Krishna |date=2017-04-27 |title=Salt n Pepper producer Lucsam Sadanandan Rangorath accused of cheating Rs 4 lakhs |url=https://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/salt-n-pepper-producer-lucsam-sadanandan-rangorath-accused-of-cheating-rs-4-lakhs/ |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=onlookersmedia |language=en-US}}</ref> He entered Malayalam cinema producer of [[Salt N' Pepper]] directed by [[Aashiq Abu]] which got released in 2011 The Movie was the block buster of the year winning the [[Kerala State Award]].<ref name="Kerala State Film Awards">{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001070/2012/1/|title=Kerala State Film Awards (2012)|website=IMDb}}</ref> for the popular movie of the year.

==Personal life==
Lucsam Sadanandan Rangorath was born in [[Kollengode, Palakkad]] Kerala.<ref name="interview">{{Cite news |date=2011-12-02 |title=First time lucky |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/first-time-lucky/article2681214.ece |access-date=2023-08-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He completed his schooling at Muslim Higher Secondary school Pudunagaram, [[Palakkad]] and completed his diploma in Mechanical Engineering at Government Polytechnic Palakkad. Sadanandan was booked by the police in May 2014 on a cheating case.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=Fashion designer hangs herself over failed affair |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/fashion-designer-hangs-herself-over-2191441 |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-05 |title=Malayalam filmproducer booked |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/malayalam-filmproducer-booked/articleshow/34654005.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

From 2014 till 2025, Sadanandan has been booked in several case u/s IPC 406, 419, 420 in multiple jurisdictions of Bangalore. He has been famously linked with the brand Realtymonk (Vesta Power Private Limited), a real estate management company.

RealtyMonk is recorded to have cheated hundreds of owners and tenants in collusion with the current directors Harish K and Raghunath Periasamy. Sadanandan and Harish have been convicted in Chennai as well in 2023.

Sadanandan has been lodged multiple times in Bangalore Parappana Agrahara Jail, Mumbai, Chennai and is currently absconding after cheating public of sum of upto 1 Cr.

== Career==

He started Vesta Engineering in Mumbai and then diversified into fields including oil and gas drilling and exploration, power generation, hospitality, real estate and as a film producer.

==Filmography==

=== As producer ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Director
|-
|2011
|''[[Salt N' Pepper]]''
|''[[Aashiq Abu]]''
|-
|2012
|''[[Nidra (2012 film)|Nidra]]''
| [[Sidharth Bharathan]]
|-
|2013
|''[[Goodbye December]]''
| [[Sajeed A.]]
|-
|2015
|''Rich N Famous''
| Anoop Mohan
|-
|2016
|'' Aval - Journey of a woman ''
| Sanjay padiyoor
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://movies.sulekha.com/prakash-raj_actor-news-article_foraying-to-tamil Foraying to Tamil]
* [http://lucsamcreations.com Lucsam Creations] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20141120200852/http://lucsamcreations.com/ |date=20 November 2014 }}
* [http://indianfilmreviews.in Nidra review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075212/http://indianfilmreviews.in/ |date=6 October 2014 }}
* {{IMDb name|4939754}}
* {{LinkedIn page|in/sadanandan-rangorath-23363721}}
* [http://www.sadanandanrangorath.com/ Lucsam Sadanandan Rangorath] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918033306/http://www.sadanandanrangorath.com/ |date=18 September 2016 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rangorath, Sadanandan}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:People from Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kerala]]

Bahubali

2026-01-14T10:58:41Z

Bhargava1920: quick enhanced article to improve readability and updated info per sources

{{Short description|Legendary figure in Jainism}}
{{About|the legendary figure in Jainism|the media franchise|Baahubali (franchise)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Jain
| image = Gommateshwara, Shravanabelagola.jpg
| caption = The 57-foot (17-m) high [[Gommateshwara statue]] at [[Shravanabelagola]], was built in c. 983 CE
| alt = Bahubali ಬಾಹುಬಲಿ
| other_names = Gommateshwara, Kammateshwara
| father = [[Rishabhanatha|Rishabha]]
| mother = Sunandā
| siblings = Sundarī (sister) • [[Bharata (Jainism)|Bharata]], [[Nimi (king)#Jainism|Nami]], and 97 other (half-brothers) • Brāhmī (half-sister)
| height = 525 bows (17 metres)
| birth_place = [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]
| moksha_place = [[Mount Kailash#Jainism|Ashtapada]]
| affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| children = Mahābala Somakīrti or Somayaśa (son){{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=106}}
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Bahubali''' ({{IAST3|Bāhubalī}}, {{lit|one with strong arms}}) was the son of [[Rishabhanatha]] (the first ''[[tirthankara]]'' of [[Jainism]]) and the brother of the ''[[Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)|chakravartin]]'' [[Bharata (Jainism)|Bharata]]. He is a revered figure in Jainism. He is said to have meditated motionless for 12 years in a standing posture (''[[kayotsarga]]''), with climbing plants having grown around his legs. After his 12 years of meditation, he is said to have attained omniscience (''[[Kevala Jnana|kevala jnana]]'').

Bahubali's other names are '''Kammateshwara''' and '''Gommateshwara''', the namesake of the [[Gommateshwara statue]] dedicated to him.

==Legends==
The ''[[Adipurana]]'', a 9th-century [[Sanskrit]] poem, deals with the ten lives of the first ''[[tirthankara]]'', [[Rishabhanatha]] and his two sons [[Bharata Chakravartin|Bharata]] and Bahubali. It was composed by [[Jinasena]], a ''[[Digambara monk]]''.{{sfn|Granoff|1993|p=208}}

===Family life===
[[File:भरत-बाहुबली युद्ध.jpg|thumb|Depiction of Bharata-Bahubali fight|left]]

According to Jain texts, Bahubali was born to Rishabhanatha and Sunanda during the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] in [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]].{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=212}}{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=xv}}{{sfn|Dundas|2002|p=120}} He is said to have excelled in studying [[medicine]], [[archery]], [[floriculture]], and the [[Gemology|knowledge of precious gems]]. Bahubali had a son named Somakirti (also known as Mahabala).{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=106}} When Rishabhanatha decided to become a monk, he distributed his kingdom among his 100 sons. Bharata was gifted the kingdom of Vinita ([[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]) and Bahubali got the kingdom of [[Asmaka]] from [[South India]], having Podanapur as its capital.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=67}} After winning six divisions of earth in all directions (''digvijaya''), Bharata proceeded to his capital Ayodhyapuri with a huge army and divine ''chakra-ratna''—spinning, disk-like super weapon with serrated edges.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=67}} But the ''chakra-ratna'' stopped on its own at the entrance of Ayodhyapuri, signalling to the emperor that his 99 brothers had yet not submitted to his authority.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2013|p=x}} Bharata's 98 brothers became [[Jain monk]]s and submitted their kingdoms to him. Bahubali was endowed with the final and superior body of extraordinary sturdiness and strength (''vajra-ṛṣabhanārācasaṃhanana'') like Bharata.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2013|p=xi}} He hurled open defiance at the ''[[chakravartin]]'' and challenged him to a fight.{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=143}}

The ministers on both sides gave the following argument to prevent war; "The brothers themselves, cannot be killed by any means; they are in their last incarnations in transmigration, and possess bodies which no weapon may mortally wound in warfare! Let them fight out the issue by themselves in other ways."{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=144}} It was then decided that to settle the dispute, three kinds of contests between Bharata and Bahubali would be held. These were eye-fight (staring at each other)(''drishti-yuddha''), water-fight (''jala-yuddha''), and wrestling (''[[malla-yuddha]]''). Bahubali won all the three contests over his elder brother, Bharata.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=67}}{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=105}}

=== Renunciation ===
[[File:Badami, Höhle 4, Bahubali (1999).jpg|thumb|upright 0.75|Sculpture depicting Bahubali's meditation in ''[[Kayotsarga]]'' posture with vines enveloped around his body (Photo: [[Badami cave temples|Badami caves]])]]

After the fight, Bahubali was filled with disgust at the world and developed a desire for renunciation. Bahubali abandoned all possessions—kingdom, clothes, ornaments—to become a monk, and began meditating with great resolve to attain omniscience (''kevala jnana'').{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=145}}

He is said to have meditated motionless in a standing posture (''[[kayotsarga]]'') for a year, during which time climbing plants grew around his legs.{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|pp=145–146}} However, he was adamant and continued his practice unmindful of the vines, ants, and dust that enveloped his body. According to the Jain text ''[[Ādi purāṇa]]'', on the last day of Bahubali's one year long fast, Bharata came in all humility to Bahubali and worshipped him with veneration and respect. A painful regret that he had been the cause of his elder brother's humiliation had been disturbing Bahubali's meditation; this was dispersed when Bharata worshipped him.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ādipurāṇa|author=Āchārya Jinasena|publisher=[[Bharatiya Jnanpith]]|isbn=978-81-263-1844-5|page=217}}</ref> Bahubali was then able to destroy the four kinds of inimical ''[[Karma in Jainism|karmas]]'', including the knowledge obscuring karma, and he attained omniscience (''kevala jnana''). He was now revered as an omniscient being (''[[Kevali]]'').{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|pp=145–146}} Bahubali finally attained liberation (''[[Moksha (Jainism)|moksha]]'') at [[Mount Kailash]]a{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929}} and became a pure, liberated soul (''siddha'').{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=146}} As per texts, he was one of the first [[Digambara monk|''Digambara'' monks]] to have attained ''moksha'' in the present half-cycle of time.(''[[Avasarpiṇī]]'').{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}

== Statues ==
===Karnataka===
There are five [[monolith]]ic statues of Bahubali measuring more than 6 m (20 feet) in height in [[Karnataka]]:

* 17.4 m (57 feet) at [[Shravanabelagola]] in [[Hassan District]] in 981 CE{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=25}}<ref name=toi/>
* 12.8 m (42 feet) at [[Karkala]] in [[Udupi District]] in 1430<ref name=toi/>
* 11.9 m (39 feet) at [[Dharmasthala]] in [[Dakshina Kannada]] District in 1973<ref name=toi/>
* 10.7 m (35 feet) at [[Venur]] in [[Dakshina Kannada]] District in 1604<ref name=toi/>
* 6 m (17.5 feet) at [[Gommatagiri]] in [[Mysore District]] in 14th century CE<ref name="Hindu" />

===Maharashtra===
* 8m (28 feet) at [[Kumbhoj#Bahubali monolith|Kumbhoj]] in [[Kolhapur district]] in 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Bahubali of Kumbhoj [Statue] |url=https://www.kolhapurtravels.com/kolhapur-kumbhoj-bahubali-jahaj-mandir.php |website=KolhapurTravels.com|access-date=23 May 2023 |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227131043/http://www.kolhapurtravels.com/kolhapur-kumbhoj-bahubali-jahaj-mandir.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 8m (28 feet) at [https://www.jainmandir.org/Temple/Shri-1008-Bahubali-Digamber-Jain-Mandir,-Mumbra,-District---Thane-%28Maharashtra%29 Mumbra] in [[Thane district]] in 1965<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Bahubali of Mumbra [Statue] |url=https://www.jainmandir.org/Temple/Shri-1008-Bahubali-Digamber-Jain-Mandir,-Mumbra,-District---Thane-%28Maharashtra%29}}</ref>

===Tamil Nadu===
* 7.3 m (24 feet) at Polur in [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai District]] in 2023.

=== Shravanabelagola ===
{{main|Gommateshwara statue}}
The monolithic statue of Bahubali at Shravanabelagola, located {{Convert|158|km|miles|abbr=on}} from [[Bangalore]], was carved from a single block of granite. The statue was commissioned by the [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Ganga dynasty]] minister and commander [[Chavundaraya]]; it is {{convert|57 |ft|m|adj=on}} tall and is situated above a hill in Shravanabelagola, in the Hassan district of Karnataka. It was built in and around 981 CE and is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=212}}{{sfn|Rice|1889|p=53}} The statue is visible from {{Convert|25|km|miles}} away. Shravanabelagola has remained a centre of pilgrimage (''[[Tirtha (Jainism)|tirtha]]'') for the Jains.<ref>{{citation |title=March of Mysore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97YeAQAAIAAJ |date=1966 |publisher=[[University of California]] |volume=3 |page=56 }}</ref> The statue is bathed at an interval of every 12 years and this event is celebrated as ''Mahamastakabhisheka''.<ref>{{citation |title=Bahubali Mahamastakabhisheka Mahotsav: Here is the history of the Jain festival PM Modi attended today |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/research/bahubali-mahamastakabhisheka-mahotsav-history-of-the-jain-festival-pm-narendra-modi-shravanabelagola-5070113/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 February 2018 }}</ref>

=== Karkala ===
{{Main|Gommateshwara statue, Karkala}}
[[File:Gomateshwara Statue, Karkala.jpg|thumb|upright 0.75|left|Bahubali monolith of [[Karkala]]]]
Karkala is known for its {{convert|42|feet|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} monolithic statue of Gomateshwara Bahubali, which is believed to have been built around 1432 and is the second-tallest statue in the State.<ref name=toi>{{citation |last=Pinto |first=Stanley |author-link=Stanley Pinto |title=12-year wait ends, all eyes on 42-ft-tall Karkala Bahubali |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/12-year-wait-ends-all-eyes-on-42-ft-tall-Karkala-Bahubali/articleshow/45964077.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 January 2015 |agency=[[Times News Network]] |location=[[Mangaluru]] }}</ref>{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=90}} The statue is built on an elevated platform on top of a rocky hill. It was consecrated on 13 February 1432 by Veera Pandya Bhair Arasa Wodeyar, scion of the [[Santara dynasty|Bhair Arasa dynasty]], feudatory of the Vijayanagar Ruler.<ref name=toi/><ref>{{citation |title=Bahubali abhisheka from today |url=http://thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bahubali-abhisheka-from-today/article6806743.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 January 2015 }}</ref>

===Dharmastala===
[[File:Gomateshwara of Dharmasthala.jpg|thumb|Bahubali monolith of Dharmastala]]
{{Main|Dharmastala}}

A {{convert|39|feet|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} high statue with a {{convert|13|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} pedestal that weighs about {{Convert|175|tonnes|kg|abbr=on}} is installed at Dharmasthala in Karnataka.<ref name=toi/>

=== Venur ===
[[File:Venur_-_Bahubali.JPG|thumb|upright 0.75|Bahubali monolith of [[Venur]]]]
{{Main|Venur}}
Venur is a small town in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka state, situated on the bank of the [[Gurupura River]]. Thimmanna Ajila built a {{Convert|38|feet|m|abbr=out|adj=on}} colossus of Gommateshwara there in 1604.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=90}}<ref name=toi/>{{sfn|Titze|1998|p=48}} The statue at Venur is the shortest of the three Gommateshwaras within {{Convert|250|km|miles|abbr=on}} around it. It stands in an enclosure on the same pattern as that of the statue at Shravanabelagola. The Kings of [[Ajila]] Dynasty ruled here from 1154 to 1786.<ref>{{citation |last=Pinto |first=Stanley |author-link=Stanley Pinto |title=10-day Mahamastakabhisheka at Karkala from today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/10-day-Mahamastakabhisheka-at-Karkala-from-today/articleshow/45962346.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 January 2015 |location=[[Mangaluru]] |agency=[[Times News Network|TNN]] }}</ref>

=== Gommatagiri ===
{{Main|Gommatagiri}}
[[File:Statue of Bahubali at Gommatagiri, Mysore.JPG|thumb|left|upright 0.75|Bahubali monolith of [[Gommatagiri]], Mysore]]
Gommatagiri is an acclaimed Jain centre. The 12th-century granite statue of Bahubali, also known as Gomateshwara, is erected atop a {{Convert|50|m|feet|abbr=out|adj=on}} tall hillock called 'Shravana Gudda'.<ref name=Hindu>{{citation |title=Gommatagiri statue crying for attention |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3243137.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 January 2006 }}</ref> The Jain centre attracts many pilgrims during the annual ''[[Mahamastakabhisheka]]'' in September.<ref name=Hindu/>{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=90}} The statue at Gommatagiri is very similar to the {{Convert|58|feet|m|abbr=out|adj=on}} Gommateshwara statue in Shravanabelagola, except that it is smaller. Historians attribute the statue to an early Vijayanagar period.<ref name=Hindu/>

=== Kumbhoj ===
[[File:BahubaliKumbhoj.JPG|thumb|{{convert|28|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}}-high monolith of Bahubali at [[Kumbhoj]]]]
{{Main|Kumbhoj}}

[[Kumbhoj]] is the name of an ancient town located in [[Kolhapur district]], [[Maharashtra]]. The town is about eight kilometers from Hatkanangale, about twenty seven kilometers from Kolhapur. The famous Jain pilgrimage centre where a {{convert|28|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}}-high statue of Bahubali is installed is {{convert|2|km}} from the Kumbhoj city.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=91}}

=== Aretipur ===
There is a {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}}-high statue of Bahubali at Aretipur, Near Kokrebellur Village of Madur Taluk [[Mandya district]].<ref>{{citation |title=Bahubali of Aretipur |url=http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/heritage/bahubali-of-artipura/article8455428.ece |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=29 April 2016 }}</ref>

In 2016, the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) excavated another {{convert|13|feet|m|adj=on|abbr=on}}-high statue of Bahubali made in the 3rd – 9th centuries in Aretipur.<ref>{{citation |last=Girish |first=M. B. |author-link=M. B. Girish |title=Another Jain centre under excavation in Mandya district |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151204/nation-current-affairs/article/another-jain-centre-under-excavation-mandya-district |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=23 February 2016 |orig-year=4 December 2015 }}</ref> ASI has also excavated an 8th-century statue of Bahubali in Aretipur, [[Maddur, Mandya]], Karnataka, that is {{convert|3|feet|m}} wide and {{convert|3.5|feet|m|abbr=on}} tall.<ref>{{citation |title=Eighth Century Jain Temple Discovered in Maddur |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Eighth-Century-Jain-Temple-Discovered-in-Maddur/2015/01/07/article2607640.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110053310/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Eighth-Century-Jain-Temple-Discovered-in-Maddur/2015/01/07/article2607640.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2015 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=Express News Service |date=7 January 2015 }}</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh ===

=== Greater Noida ===
[[File:Bahubaleshwar.jpg|thumb|Bahubaleshwar|left|203x203px]]
The Bahubaleshwar Temple in village Gharbhara has a 23 ft (7.0 m) high Statue of Bahubali in granite.

Built with sustainability in mind, the temple boasts a Miyawaki forest with 5,000 trees, a pond, fountains, mud cottages, and 90% green coverage.

==In literature==
[[File:Poetic old Kannada inscription of Bopanna dated 1180 CE at Shravanabelagola.jpg|upright 0.75|thumb|Poem by Boppanna]]

The life-story of Bahubali has been discussed in many works.

=== Sanskrit ===
* The [[Ādi purāṇa]] composed by ''Āchārya'' Jinasena. The [[Gommateshvara statue]] built by [[Chavundaraya]] was influenced by description in this book.{{Sfn|Sangave|2001|p=215}}{{Sfn|Sangave|1981|p=72}}
* ''Bahubali charitra'' written in the 9th century CE{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=51}}

=== Prakrit ===
* ''Gommatesha-thudi'', a religious hymn in praise to Bahubali, was composed by [[Nemichandra]] in 10th century CE.{{sfn|Sangave|2001|p=240}}
* ''Gommatasa-sara'', composed by [[Nemichandra]], mentions the story of construction of the ''Gommateshwara statue'' by Chavundaraya.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=75}}

=== Kannada ===
* A 10th-century [[Kannada]] text based on the Sanskrit text was written by the poet [[Adikavi Pampa]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/kar/literature/history2.htm |title=History of Kannada literature |work=kamat.com }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5 |year = 2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC&pg=PA78 |publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]] |isbn=0-85229-760-2 |page=78 }}</ref>
* ''Gommata-stuti'' is a poem dated 1180 was composed by a Jain poet named Boppanna (also known as Sujanottamsa), in praise of Bahubali.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=84}}{{sfn|Settar|1989|p=264}}
* ''Karkala Gommatesvara Charitre'', composed by Chadura Chandrama in 1686 CE, is poem describing the mahamastakabhisheka at Karkala.{{sfn|Reddy|2022|p=231}}

=== Rajasthani ===
* Bharateshwara Bahubali Ghora composed by ''Vajrasena Suri'' in 1168, is a poem with 48 verses describing the battle between Bharata and Bahubali.{{Sfn|Datta|1987|p=454}}

=== Gujarati ===
* Bharateshwara Bahubaliras composed by Shalibhadra Suri in 1184, is a poem with 203 [[stanza]]s describing the struggle of power between Bharata and Bahubali.{{sfn|Datta|1987|p=454}}{{sfn|Paniker|1997|p=94}}{{sfn|Mukherjee|1998|p=44}}

== Images ==

Pictured below are some of the images depicting Bahubali that are located at various places in India.
<gallery>
File:Bahubaliji.jpg|Bahubali at Shree Pragat Prabhavi Parshwanatha Temple, [[Dabhoi]]
File:MET DP216814 - Bahubali 6th century.jpg|Bahubali, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (6th CE)
File:Gomateswara at Ellora Cave 32.jpg|Indra Sabha, [[Ellora Caves]] (9th CE)
File:Bahubali monolith at Halebidu.jpg|Bahubali monolith at [[Halebidu]] (12th CE)
File:Shravanbelgola Gomateshvara miniature.jpg|Miniature version of the Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola
File:YSR State arch museum - bahubaludu at patan cheru.jpg|Bahubali statue at [[Telangana State Archaeology Museum|YSR state Archaeology Museum]], Hyderabad, 12th century
File:Bahubali Statue at Bada Gaon (2).jpg|{{convert|31|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} statue of Bahubali at [[Bada Gaon temple|Bada Gaon]]
File:Gommaṭeśvara.JPG|Gomateshwara at [[Kalugumalai Jain Beds]], 8th century
File:Cholapandiyapuram andimalai Bahubali.jpg|Bahubali at [[Cholapandiyapuram#Andimalai|Andimalai Caves]], 10th century
File:Bahubali statue atop Shravanabetta.jpg|Bahubali at Aretipur
</gallery>

{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Commons category}}

*[[God in Jainism]]
*[[Jain cosmology]]
*[[Jainism in Karnataka]]
*[[Statue of Ahimsa]]
*[[Bawangaja]]

{{clear}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Sources===
* {{Citation |last=Datta|first=Amaresh|author-link=Amaresh Datta|url={{Google books|ObFCT5_taSgC|page=454|plainurl=yes}} |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|date=1987|isbn=9788126018031}}
* {{citation|last=Dundas|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Dundas|title=The Jains|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ |edition=Second|year=2002|orig-year=1992|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-26605-X|location=[[London]] and [[New York City]]}}
* {{citation|last=Granoff|first=Phyllis|author-link=Phyllis Granoff|title=The Clever Adulteress and Other Stories: A Treasury of Jaina Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Po9tUNX0SYAC|year=1993|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|orig-year=1990|isbn=81-208-1150-X}}
* {{citation|last=Jain|first=Champat Rai|author-link=Champat Rai Jain|title=Risabha Deva – The Founder of Jainism |url=https://archive.org/details/JainismFounder|publisher=The Indian Press Limited|location=[[Allahabad]]|year=1929|quote={{PD-notice}}|ref={{sfnref|Champat Rai Jain|1929}} }}
*{{citation|last=Jain|first=Vijay K. |title=Ācārya Nemichandra's Dravyasaṃgraha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9CJ3jZpcqYC|date=2013|quote={{PD-notice}}|publisher=Vikalp Printers|isbn=978-81-903639-5-2|ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2013}} }}
* {{Citation |last=Mukherjee|first=Sujit |author-link=Sujit Mukherjee|url={{Google books|YCJrUfVtZxoC|page=44|plainurl=yes}} |title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 | volume=1 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|date=1998|isbn=9788125014539}}
* {{Citation |last=Paniker|first=K. Ayyappa |author-link=Ayyappa Paniker|url={{Google books|KYLpvaKJIMEC|page=94|plainurl=yes}} |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections | volume=1 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|date=1997|isbn=9788126003655}}
* {{citation|last=Rice|first=Benjamin Lewis|author-link=B. Lewis Rice|title=Inscriptions at Sravana Belgola: a chief seat of the Jains, (Archaeological Survey of Mysore)|publisher=Government Central Press|location=[[Mysore]]|year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/stream/inscriptionsatsr00rice#page/n5/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |last=Reddy |first=Pedarapu Chenna |author-link=P. Chenna Reddy |title=Nagabharana: Recent Trends in Jainism Studies |url={{Google books|kfNgEAAAQBAJ|page=231 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |year=2022 |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |isbn=978-93-56114-46-3 }}
* {{citation|last=Sangave|first=Vilas Adinath|author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave|title=The Sacred Shravanabelagola (A Socio-Religious Study)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ3S6CW5KKQC|year=1981|publisher=[[Bharatiya Jnanpith]]|edition=1st}}
* {{citation |last=Sangave |first=Vilas Adinath |author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave|title=Facets of Jainology: Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion, and Culture |url={{Google books|QzEQJHWUwXQC|plainurl=yes}} |date=2001 |publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]] |location=Mumbai |isbn=978-81-7154-839-2 }}
* {{citation |last=Settar |first=S. | author-link=Shadakshari Settar |title=Inviting Death: Indian Attitude Towards the Ritual Death | volume=28 | series=Monographs and theoretical studies in sociology and anthropology |url={{Google books|vmc3vs5Ija0C|pg=RA1-PA264|plainurl=yes}} |year=1989 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=9789004087903 }}
* {{citation|last=Titze|first=Kurt|title=Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loQkEIf8z5wC|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|edition=2|date=1998|isbn=81-208-1534-3}}
*{{citation|last=Zimmer|first=Heinrich |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer|title=Philosophies Of India|year=1953|orig-year=April 1952|editor-first=Joseph|editor-last=Campbell |editor-link=Joseph Campbell|publisher=[[Routledge]] & Kegan Paul Ltd|location=[[London]] |url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer|isbn=978-81-208-0739-6}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180809102225/http://shribahubali.org/ Shri Bahubali]

{{Jain Gods}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jain saints]]
[[Category:Solar dynasty]]
[[Category:Ascetics]]
[[Category:People in Jain texts]]
[[Category:God in Jainism]]

List of Savitribai Phule Pune University people

2026-01-06T08:47:50Z

Bhargava1920: Adding Pg...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{alumni|SAL|date=September 2017}}



{{Dynamic list}}

This is a '''list of notable people related to [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]'''. Excluded from this list are those people whose only connection with Savitribai Phule Pune University is that they were awarded an [[honorary degree]].

==Politics and government==
===Heads of state and government===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!College
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Khaled Bahah]]
|
|[[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com.]]; [[Master of Commerce|M.Com.]]
|
|2nd [[Vice President of Yemen]] and [[Prime Minister of Yemen]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2014/bio4617.doc.htm|title=New Permanent Representative of Yemen Presents Credentials|date=13 August 2014|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1824/news/4430/New-prime-minister-appointed.htm|title=New Prime Minister Appointed|last1=Al-Moshki|first1=Ali Ibrahim|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=8 August 2015|publisher=The Yemen Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814020738/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1824/news/4430/New-prime-minister-appointed.htm|archive-date=14 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pratibha Patil]]
|
|
|[[Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon|Mooljee Jetha]]
|12th [[President of India]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former President of India: Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil |url=https://presidentofindia.nic.in/smt-pratibha-devisingh-patil-profile#:~:text=Pratibha%20Devisingh%20Patil%20was%20born,elected%20to%20this%20august%20office. }}</ref>
|-
|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
|
|
|
|7th [[Prime Minister of India]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/V-P-Singh|title=V.P. Singh|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref>
|}
Note that [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]], 9th Prime Minister of India, graduated from [[Fergusson College]], when the college was under the [[University of Mumbai]].

=== Others ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!College
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Agatha Sangma]]
|
|
|
|former Member of [[Parliament of India]]
|
|-
|[[Anil Shirole]]
|
|
|
|Member of Parliament of India
|
|-
|[[Bhawani Singh (politician)|Bhawani Singh]]
|
|
|[[Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute|Deccan College]]
|member of the [[1st Lok Sabha]], studied at Deccan College<ref name="lok">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/biodata_1_12/623.htm|title=Members Bioprofile: First Lok Sabha|publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624083100/http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/biodata_1_12/623.htm|archivedate=2014-06-24|url-status=dead|accessdate=2014-06-24}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Gautam Bambawale]]
|
|
|[[Fergusson College|Fergusson]]<ref name=":0" group="note">The [[Fergusson College]] has been affiliated to the Pune University since 1948.</ref>
|[[List of Indian High Commissioners to Pakistan|High Commissioner of India to Pakistan]]
|
|-
|[[Ranjan Mathai]]
|
|
|
|ex-[[Foreign Secretary (India)|foreign secretary]] of [[India]]
|
|-
|[[Sharad Pawar]]
|
|
|[[Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce|BMCC]]
|former Chief Minister of Maharashtra
|
|-
|[[Kenneth Chawngliana]]
|
|
|
|4th Speaker of [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|
|
|
|14th [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
|
|}

== Business ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!College
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Cyrus S. Poonawalla]]
|1966
|
|[[Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce|BMCC]]
|Indian billionaire, recipient of the [[Padma Shri]]
|
|}

== Military ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!College
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Sunil Kumar Choudhary]]
|
|
|
|[[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] in the [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]; Recipient of [[Kirti Chakra]]
|
|}

==Science and engineering==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!College
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Padmanabhan Balaram]]
|1967
|BSc in Chemistry
|
|chemist and director of the [[Indian Institute of Science]]; recipient of the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~pbgrp/pbcv.html|title=Prof. P. Balaram lab Webpage at IISc|publisher=Pune University|accessdate=1 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N85-0894|title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail|website=insaindia.res.in|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref>
|-
|[[V. S. Huzurbazar]]
|
|
|
|statistician, first head of the statistics department of Pune University
|
|}

*[[Akhil Chandra Banerjea]], virologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS]] laureate<ref name="Indian fellow - AC Banerjea">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/P12-1567 |title=Indian fellow - AC Banerjea |date=2017-10-21 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref>
*[[John Barnabas]], evolutionary biologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] (1974)<ref name="John Barnabas (1929–1994) - Obituary">{{cite journal | url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_068_03_0346_0347_0.pdf | title=John Barnabas (1929–1994) - Obituary | author=Prabhakar Ranjekar, Shama Barnabas | journal=Current Science | date=10 February 1995 | volume=68 | issue=3 | pages=346–7}}</ref>
*[[Rajani A. Bhisey]], epidemiologist specialising in environmental carcinogenesis and molecular epidemiology of cancer.
*[[Dipshikha Chakravortty]], microbiologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-Bios]] laureate<ref name="Virulence profile">{{Cite journal |title=Virulence profile |date=2018-01-25 |pmc=3956508 | pmid=24504093 |doi=10.4161/viru.27047 |volume=5 |issue=2 |journal=Virulence |pages=321–5 | last1 = Chakravortty | first1 = D}}</ref>
*[[Shridhar Ramachandra Gadre]], chemist and professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]]; recipient of the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in Chemical Science (1993)
*[[Sanjeev Galande]], epigeneticist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (2010) laureate<ref name="Message from Dr. Sanjeev Galande, highly decorated scientist and ex-alumnus of M.Sc. Biotechnology from University of Pune">{{cite web | url=https://sumangovil.wordpress.com/2015/08/12/message-from-dr-sanjeev-galande-highly-decorated-scientist-and-ex-alumnus-of-m-sc-biotechnology-from-university-of-pune/ | title=Message from Dr. Sanjeev Galande, highly decorated scientist and ex-alumnus of M.Sc. Biotechnology from University of Pune | publisher=Opportunities and Concerns in Biotechnology | date=12 August 2015 | accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
*[[Faisal Hawar]], engineer and entrepreneur, CEO/President and co-founder of the International Somalia Development Foundation as well as the Maakhir Resource Company
*[[Yogesh M. Joshi]], rheologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (2015) laureate<ref name="Joshi on IITK">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/che/old/faculty/joshi_ym/ymj-paper/YMJ_CV.pdf |title=Joshi on IITK |date=2017 |publisher=IIT Kanpur}}</ref>
*[[Thomas Kailath]], electrical engineer, information theorist; recipient of the 2007 [[IEEE Medal of Honor]]; recipient of the 2014 [[National Medal of Science]]; Hitachi America Professor of Engineering at [[Stanford University]]
*[[Nissim Kanekar]], astrophysicist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate<ref name="Biographical Information-Kanekar">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in:8081/~nkanekar/Resume/cv.pdf |title=Biographical Information-Kanekar |date=2017-10-31 |website=National Centre for Radio Astrophysics |access-date=2017-10-31}}</ref>
*[[Vistasp Karbhari]], civil engineer, President of the [[University of Texas at Arlington]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Vistasp Karbhari takes helm as eighth president of The University of Texas at Arlington|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vistasp-karbhari-takes-helm-as-eighth-president-of-the-university-of-texas-at-arlington-209732381.html|accessdate=21 September 2013|newspaper=[[PR Newswire]]|date=1 June 2013}}</ref>
*[[Sulabha K Kulkarni]], physicist, Visiting Faculty, [[IISER Pune]]
*[[Kantilal Mardia]], statistician and [[Guy Medal]]list, Senior Research Professor at the [[University of Leeds]]
*[[Goverdhan Mehta]], chemist, recipient of the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in Chemical Science (1978)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize: an inspiration for international recognitions|journal=Current Science|date=25 July 2014|volume=107|issue=2|page=164|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/107/02/0163.pdf|accessdate=28 July 2015}}</ref>
*[[Kullal Chickappu Naik]], agricultural scientist.<ref>{{Citation |title=Gemmell, Alan, (born 6 April 1978), Director, British Council Group, India, and Minister (Cultural Affairs), British High Commission, India, since 2016 |date=2017-12-01 |work=Who's Who |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.288374 |access-date=2024-02-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.288374 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*[[Deepak T. Nair]], molecular biologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate<ref name="Biographical Information - Deepak Nair">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcb.res.in/deepak |title=Biographical Information - Deepak Nair |date=2017-11-09 |website=Regional Centre for Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105234310/http://rcb.res.in/deepak |archive-date=5 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Suhas Patankar]], mechanical engineer and professor at the [[University of Minnesota]]; pioneer in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite volume method.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About {{!}} Innovative Research, LLC |url=https://inresllc.com/?q=about.html |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=inresllc.com}}</ref>
*[[C. Kumar N. Patel]], electrical engineer, inventor of the [[carbon dioxide laser]]; recipient of the 1996 [[National Medal of Science]]; vice Chancellor for Research at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]]<ref>{{cite web|title=C. Kumar N. Patel|url=http://www.aip.org/history/acap/biographies/bio.jsp?patelc|publisher=The American Institute of Physics|accessdate=21 September 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922151810/http://www.aip.org/history/acap/biographies/bio.jsp?patelc|archivedate=22 September 2013}}</ref>
*[[Kanury Venkata Subba Rao]], immunologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (1997) laureate<ref name="Group Leader Kanury Venkata Subba Rao">{{cite web | url=http://www.thsti.res.in/pdf/CV_KanuryVenkataSubbaRao.pdf | title=Group Leader Kanury Venkata Subba Rao | publisher=Translational Health Science and Technology Institute | date=2016 | accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref>
*[[Ramakrishnan Raman]], Vice Chancellor of [[Symbiosis International University]]<ref name=Puneka>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punekarnews.in/pune-ramakrishnan-raman-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-symbiosis-international-deemed-university/|title=Pune: Ramakrishnan Raman Appointed as New Vice Chancellor of Symbiosis International (Deemed University)|first=Rahul|last=Dolare|date=October 23, 2023}}</ref>
*[[Bhaskar Saha]], immunologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (2009) laureate<ref name="Pune scientist on fast gets govt assurance">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-pune-scientist-on-fast-gets-govt-assurance-1848156 | title=Pune scientist on fast gets govt assurance | publisher=DNA India | date=15 June 2013 | accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref>
*[[K. B. Sainis]], immunologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (1994) laureate<ref name="Professor Dr. Krishna B. Sainis on UNSCEAR">{{Cite web |url=http://www.unscear.org/unscear/en/about_us/bio_kbsainis.html |title=Professor Dr. Krishna B. Sainis on UNSCEAR |date=2017 |publisher=UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation}}</ref>
*[[Vinod Scaria]], bioinformatician, sequenced the first Indian [[genome]]
*[[Krityunjai Prasad Sinha]], theoretical physicist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (1974) laureate<ref name="Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0778 |title=Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha |date=2017-11-03 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427003559/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0778 |archive-date=2017-04-27 |url-status=live |access-date=2017-11-03}}</ref>
*[[K. George Thomas]], nanotechnologist, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] (2006) laureate<ref name="Nanohub profile">{{Cite web |url=https://nanohub.org/members/29848 |title=Nanohub profile |date=2016 |publisher=Nanohub}}</ref>
*[[Mohan R. Wani]], cell biologist, [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS]] laureate<ref name="Mohan R. Wani Scientist 'F'">{{Cite web |url=http://nccs.res.in/mrw.html |title=Mohan R. Wani Scientist 'F' |date=2018-01-20 |website=nccs.res.in |access-date=2018-01-20}}</ref>

==Humanities and social sciences==
* [[Satish Alekar]], [[playwright]]
* [[Purushottam Laxman Deshpande]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] writer
* [[Vijay Kelkar]], economist, academic and Chairman of the 13th [[Finance Commission of India]]
* [[Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle]], educationist and Marathi writer; taught at the Marathi department
* [[Kiran Nagarkar]], novelist, recipient of the 2001 [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]
* [[Sharmila Rege]], Indian [[sociologist]] and formerly Director of the Women's Studies Centre at the University of Pune
* [[Ram Shankar Tripathi]], Indian Sanskrit scholar and [[Padma Shri]] awardee
* [[Jyoti Gogte]], Indian academician
* [[Anupama Jain]], Indian writer

==Media and entertainment==
* [[Radhika Apte]], model and actress
* [[Mukta Barve]], Marathi actress who starred in [[National Film Awards|National Award]]-winning movie ''[[Jogwa]]''
* [[Pooja Batra]], model and actress
* [[Shereen Bhan]], journalist
* [[Mini Menon]], journalist
* [[Radhika Chaudhari]], actress
* [[Tanushree Dutta]], model and actress
* [[Mugdha Godse]], model and actress
* [[Prahlad Kakkar]], ad film director
* [[Sonali Kulkarni]], actress
* [[Shaiju Mathew]], author and filmmaker
* [[Anjali Menon]], Malayalam film director
* [[Arjun Radhakrishnan]], actor

== Sports ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Class
Year
!Degree
!College
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Akshayraj Kore]]
|
|
|[[Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Engineering|MMMCOE]]
|chess [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]]
|
|-
|[[Stephie D'Souza]]
|
|
|[[Fergusson College|Fergusson]]<ref name=":0" group="note" />
|athlete
|
|}

==Others==
*[[Nabeel Rajab]], [[Bahrain]]i human rights activist
* [[Shivani Verma]] (BK Shivani), spiritual speaker <ref name=exp>{{cite web
| title = Studying engineering helped me think logically: Brahmakumari Shivani|publisher=Indian Express | url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/studying-engineering-helped-me-think-logically-brahmakumari-shivani/630434/|date=7 June 2010| accessdate = 2014-03-27 }}</ref>

==References==

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of people by university or college in India|Pune University]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University|people]]

2009 Indian general election in Puducherry

2026-01-02T07:00:33Z

Bhargava1920: update intro for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|none}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Indian general election in Puducherry, 2009
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2004 Indian general election in Pondicherry
| previous_year = 2004
| next_election = 2014 Indian general election in Puducherry
| next_year = 2014
| election_date = 13 May 2009 (5A phase)
| seats_for_election = 1 seat
| turnout = 79.81% ({{increase}} 3.74)
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Vaithilingam.jpg|bSize=180|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=45|oTop=45}}
| leader1 = '''[[V. Vaithilingam]]'''
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]+[[Democratic Progressive Alliance|DPA]]
| leaders_seat1 =
| seats1 = '''1'''
| seat_change1 = {{nochange}}
| popular_vote1 = '''300,391'''
| percentage1 = '''49.41%'''
| swing1 =
| image2 ={{CSS image crop|Image=J Jayalalithaa.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=9|oTop=4}}
| leader2 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| leaders_seat2 =
| party2 = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| alliance2 = United National Progressive Alliance
| seats2 = 0
| seat_change2 = {{nochange}}
| popular_vote2 = 208,619
| percentage2 = 34.32%
| swing2 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title =
| posttitle =
| before_election =
| before_party = United Progressive Alliance
| after_election =
| after_party = United Progressive Alliance
}}

The [[2009 Indian general election]] in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], occurred for 1 seat in the territory. The seat is part of the [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puducherry constituency]]. The [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]], fielded [[V. Narayanasamy|Narayanswamy]], of the [[Indian National Congress]], while the [[United National Progressive Alliance|Third Front]] fielded [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] incumbent candidate [[M. Ramadass]]. Due to the high [[Vanniyar]] population in Puducherry, many expected that it will be a bitter contest, unlike the previous election, when PMK was part of the UPA. The results reflected the general trend shown in Tamil Nadu, where DMK and its alliance UPA, were able to beat its rival ADMK and its allies which are part of the Third Front. The results here also reflects the poor performance of PMK in this election, losing all 7 seats, it contested in [[Tamil Nadu]], as opposed to winning all of its 6 seats in the last election.

== Candidates ==

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Others}}" |
|-
!colspan="3"|[[United Progressive Alliance|'''UPA''']]
!colspan="3"|[[United National Progressive Alliance|'''UNPA''']]
!colspan="3"|'''Others'''

|-
! rowspan="2"|1
| rowspan="2"|[[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Puducherry]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="2"|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
| {{party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="2"|[[M. Ramadass]]
| {{party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
| K. A. U. Asanaa
|-
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| M. Visweswaran
|-
|}

== Full Results ==
===Results by Party===
Source: Election Commission of India <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/results/frmPCWiseResult.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 August 2009 |archive-date=22 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222111441/http://eci.nic.in/results/frmPCWiseResult.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Party Name
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 3,00,391
| 49.41
| ''New''
| 1
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
| colspan="3"|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]]
| 2,08,619
| 34.32
| {{decrease}} 15.63
| 1
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
| colspan="3"|[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|DMDK]]
| 52,638
| 8.66
| ''New''
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 13,442
| 2.21
| {{decrease}} 33.44
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | [[2009 Indian general election in Puducherry#Others|Others]]
| 6,845
| 1.13
| {{steady}}
| 6
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 26,013
| 4.28
| {{decrease}} 2.99
| 18
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 6,07,948
! 100%
! -
! 28
! 1
! -
|}
===Detailed Result===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency | Puducherry]]
|Narayanasamy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|3,00,391
|49.41
|M. Ramadass
|{{Party color cell|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]]
|2,08,619
|34.32
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|91,772
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|15.09
|-
|}

==Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Puducherry==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
!#
!Name
!Constituency
!Designation
!Department
!From
!To
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan="4"|1
|rowspan="4"|V. Narayanasamy
|rowspan="4"|Puducherry (Lok Sabha)
|rowspan="4"|MoS
|Parliamentary Affairs
|rowspan="2"|28 May 2009
|12 July 2011
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|Planning
|19 January 2011
|-
|Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
|15 November 2010
|rowspan="2"|26 May 2014
|-
|Prime Minister's Office
|19 January 2011
|-
|}

==Assembly Seat wise leads==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner-up
!rowspan="2"data-sort-type="number"|Margin
|-
!#
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
|-
|1
|[[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,585
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|8,552
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 2,033
|-

|2
|[[Thirubuvanai Assembly constituency|Thirubuvanai (SC)]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,957
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|7,859
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 2,098
|-

|3
|[[Ossudu Assembly constituency|Oussudu (SC)]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,668
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|6,642
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 4,026
|-

|4
|[[Mangalam Assembly constituency|Mangalam]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,931
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|8,809
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 3,122
|-

|5
|[[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,050
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|6,597
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,453
|-

|6
|[[Ozhukarai Assembly constituency|Ozhukarai]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,694
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|6,934
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,760
|-

|7
|[[Kadirgamam Assembly constituency|Kadirgamam]]
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|9,731
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,015
! style="background:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; color:black;" | 3,716
|-

|8
|[[Indira Nagar Assembly constituency|Indira Nagar]]
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|11,422
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,139
! style="background:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; color:black;" | 6,283
|-

|9
|[[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|8,141
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,972
! style="background:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; color:black;" | 1,169
|-

|10
|[[Kamaraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Kamaraj Nagar]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|7,433
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|6,365
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,068
|-

|11
|[[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|6,976
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|6,282
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 694
|-

|12
|[[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,350
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|8,124
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 226
|-

|13
|[[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Muthialpet]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,942
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|7,105
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 1,837
|-

|14
|[[Raj Bhavan Assembly constituency|Raj Bhavan]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,008
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5,123
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 4,885
|-

|15
|[[Oupalam Assembly constituency|Oupalam]]
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|9,591
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|7,678
! style="background:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; color:black;" | 1,913
|-

|16
|[[Orleampeth Assembly constituency|Orleanpeth]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,314
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5,081
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 4,233
|-

|17
|[[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,651
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|7,295
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 2,356
|-

|18
|[[Mudaliarpet Assembly constituency|Mudaliarpet]]
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|9,072
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,061
! style="background:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; color:black;" | 11
|-

|19
|[[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,310
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|9,858
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 452
|-

|20
|[[Manavely Assembly constituency|Manavely]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,997
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|9,449
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 548
|-

|21
|[[Embalam Assembly constituency|Embalam (SC)]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13,593
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|6,014
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,579
|-

|22
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettpakkam (SC)]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14,144
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5,618
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 8,526
|-

|23
|[[Bahour Assembly constituency|Bahour]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,296
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|7,728
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 2,568
|-

|24
|[[Nedungadu Assembly constituency|Nedungadu (SC)]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,832
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5,172
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 5,660
|-

|25
|[[Thirunallar Assembly constituency|Thirunallar]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,437
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5,490
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 4,947
|-

|26
|[[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|8,965
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|4,318
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 4,647
|-

|27
|[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|9,808
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|1,887
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 7,921
|-

|28
|[[Neravy T. R. Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy T.R. Pattinam]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|10,901
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|4,750
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 6,151
|-

|29
|[[Mahe Assembly constituency|Mahe]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,170
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5,654
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 6,516
|-

|30
|[[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19,489
|[[M. Ramadass]]
|{{Party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|3,952
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 15,537
|-
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== See also ==
[http://news.gaeatimes.com/brisk-polling-in-tamil-nadu-puducherry-61300/ Brisk polling in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry]

[[Category:Indian general elections in Puducherry]]
[[Category:2009 Indian general election by state or union territory|P]]
[[Category:2000s in Puducherry]]

Dewan Mokham Chand

2025-12-11T15:05:20Z

Bhargava1920: fixed page after review and cleaned formatting

#REDIRECT [[Mohkam Chand]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Madayi Mosque

2025-11-15T03:45:01Z

Bhargava1920: Adding A Data...

{{Short description|Mosque in Pazhayangadi, Kannur, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Madayi Mosque
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ml
| image =
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption =
| alt =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Kerala]]
| location = [[Pazhayangadi]], Kannur district, northern Kerala
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.02486|N|75.26602|E|region:IN-KR|format=dms|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
| rite = [[Shafi'i school|Shāfiʿī]]
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Saracenic]]
| founded_by = [[Malik Deenar|Malik ibn Dinar]]
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = {{ubl|{{AH|518|link=yes}} {{small|(1st structure)}}|2006 {{small|(current structure)}}}}
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials = White marble
| designated =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
}}
The '''Madayi Mosque''', also known as the '''Matayi Palli''', and as the '''Pazhayangadi Mosque''' or as the '''Malik ibn Dinar Mosque, Madayi''', is a [[Shafi'i school|Shāfiʿī]] [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] mosque, located at [[Pazhayangadi]] in the Kannur district in northern Kerala, India. It is one of the oldest mosques in Kerala, with local legends dating the mosque from {{AH|518|link=yes}}.

== History ==
The mosque is believed to have been established by [[Malik Deenar|Malik ibn Dinar]] and contains a block of white marble said to have been brought from [[Mecca]] by ibn Dinar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2003063001520200.htm&date=2003/06/30/&prd=thlf& |title=Pilgrim's progress |date=30 June 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref>

According to Shaikh Zain ud-Din Makhdum, the first [[qadi]] of the new mosque was Malik ibn 'Abdu Rahman.<ref>{{cite book |author=Raṇṭattāṇi, Husain |title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |publisher=Other Books |location=Calicut |year=2007 |isbn= |page= }}</ref>

== Legend ==
{{main|Legend of Cheraman Perumals}}
According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 CE at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who converted to Islam during the lifetime of [[Muhammad]] ({{circa|570}} to 632 CE).<ref>{{cite book |author=Goldstein, Jonathan |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999 |isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Simpson, Edward |author2=Kresse, Kai |title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333 |access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-70024-5| page=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book |author=Kupferschmidt, Uri M. |title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458 |access-date=25 July 2012 |year=1987 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-07929-8 |pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book |author=Raṇṭattāṇi, Husain |title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179 |access-date=25 July 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Other Books |isbn=978-81-903887-8-8 |pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the mosques at [[Kodungallur]], Kollam, Madayi, [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayini]], and [[Chaliyam]], were built during the era of Malik Dinar, and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Prange, Sebastian R. |title=Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2018 |page=98 }}</ref> It is believed that Malik Dinar died at [[Thalangara]] in the town of [[Kasaragod]].<ref name="ch">{{cite book |page=58 |title=Cultural heritage of Kerala: an introduction |author=Menon, A. Sreedhara |publisher=East-West Publications |year=1978 |isbn= }}</ref> The [[Arabic language|Arabic]] inscription, on a copper slab within the Madayi Mosque, records its foundation year as 1124 CE.<ref name="K.M.">{{Cite book |title=Arab Relations with Malabar Coast from 9th to 16th centuries |last=Muhammad |first=K. M. |publisher=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1999 |pages=226–234}}</ref><ref name="Innes">{{cite book |author=Innes, Charles Alexander |year=1908 |title=Madras District Gazetteers Malabar |volume=I |publisher=Madras Government Press |pages=423–424 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358941/mode/2up
}}</ref> The 16th century ''[[Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen]]'' also records the history of Madayi.<ref name="Madayi">{{cite book |author=Nainar, S. Muhammad Hussain |year=1942 |title=Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language |publisher=University of Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage }}</ref>

The mosque contained a marker/plaque listing the year as {{AH|518}} as the date of its construction. As a part of renovation, the old structure was pulled down in 2006, and a new structure in the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style was built on the old foundations. The marker was preserved and incorporated into the floor of the new building, but the original date is no longer legible.<ref name=Miller>{{cite book |author=Miller, Roland E. |title=Mappila Muslim Culture: How a Historic Muslim Community in India Has Blended Tradition and Modernity |publisher=State University of New York |location=Albany |date=2015 |isbn= |page= }}</ref>

=== Inscription ===
The inscription, translated from Arabic into English, reads:<ref name=Hussian>{{cite thesis |author=Hussian, Sakkeer E. M. |title=ADVENT OF ISLAM IN KERALA AND SOCIAL HARMONY AS REFLECTED IN MANUSCRIPTS |type=Unpublished Research Thesis |publisher=[[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit]] |year=2016 |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/162158 |access-date= |page= }}</ref>
:{{blockquote|''"In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The mosques of God shall be visited and maintained by such as believe in God and the Last Day, establish regular prayers, and pay zakat, and fear none except God. It is they who are expected to be on true guidance. Dated on the 5[18]th year on Friday of Rabiul Akhir."''}}

At the rear of the mosque an old wall was retained that incorporated the original mark of the [[qibla]], while beside it stands the first [[Minbar|mimbar]], a simple and visibly ancient raised stone platform. The second mimbar, also old, has been retained in the new mosque. It has four carved wooden posts holding up a flat canopy that is covered with painted flowers on its interior.<ref name=Miller/>

The graves of two saints who were reportedly companions of Malik ibn Dinar were consigned to a rear room.<ref name=Miller/>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of mosques in Kerala]]
* [[List of oldest mosques#India|List of oldest mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mosques in India}}
{{Islam in Kerala}}

[[Category:12th-century mosques in Asia]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1124]]
[[Category:Hinduism and Islam]]
[[Category:Indo-Saracenic Revival mosques]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in 2006]]
[[Category:Mosques in Kerala]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1120s]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Kannur district]]
[[Category:Shafi'i mosques]]
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]]

Anwar Khan Manganiyar

2025-10-02T04:35:53Z

Bhargava1920: put up some article from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ustad Anwar Khan Manganiyar
| image =
| image_size = 220px
| alt = Padma Shri Awardee Ustad Anwar Khan Manganiyar
| caption = Padma Shri Awardee Ustad Anwar Khan Manganiyar
| birth_name = Anwar Khan
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| instrument = Vocal, Kamayacha, Khartal, Morchang, Harmonium, Dholak
| genre = Rajasthani folk, Manganiyar music, Sufi music
| occupation = Vocalist, Musician
| years_active = 1980s–present
| label =
| website =
}}

'''Ustad Anwar Khan Manganiyar''' is an acclaimed Indian folk and Sufi singer known for his contribution to the preservation and promotion of traditional '''Manganiyar music''', a hereditary oral tradition practiced by the Manganiyar community in Rajasthan. He is considered one of the foremost exponents of Rajasthani folk music and was honored with the [[Padma Shri]] in 2024 by the Government of India for his contributions to the arts.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Padma Shri to Sartaj Anwar Khan of Folk Music |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/barmer/jaisalmer/news/padma-shri-to-sartaj-anwar-khan-of-folk-music-129100201.html |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=Bhaskar.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Award=Padma%20Shri&Year=2020-2020&Field=Art&Place=Rajasthan |title=Padma Awards Dashboard |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in}}</ref>

==Early life and training==
Anwar Khan was born in [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], Rajasthan, into a family of traditional Manganiyar musicians. He began learning music at a young age under the guidance of his father, the late Shri Ramajan Khan, a respected musician in their community. He further refined his skills under the mentorship of [[Komal Kothari]], a folklorist and ethnomusicologist renowned for documenting Rajasthani folk traditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ustad Anwar Khan Manganiyar: The Voice Keeping Rajasthan's Folk Music Alive |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2025/Mar/09/ustad-anwar-khan-manganiyar-the-voice-keeping-rajasthans-folk-music-alive |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Indulge Express}}</ref> The Manganiyar tradition is an oral tradition, with musical knowledge passed down through generations.

==Musical career==
Anwar Khan is known for his powerful vocal range, knowledge of ragas, and mastery of various traditional instruments including the kamayacha, khartal, morchang, harmonium, and dholak. He performs traditional folk songs that accompany weddings, festivals, and life-cycle rituals, and is known for preserving oral epics, ballads, and devotional music within his performances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anwar Khan Manganiar |url=https://mahindrakabira.com/artist/anwar-khan-manganiar |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Mahindra Kabira Festival|date=17 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/video/sanjari-folk-music-rajasthan-anwar-khan-mangniyar-and-his-team-sanjaarai-raajasathaana-kae |title=Sanjari Folk Music Rajasthan, Anwar Khan Mangniyar and his team |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Indian Culture.gov.in}}</ref>

He has performed extensively both in India and abroad at festivals such as the Mahindra Kabira Festival, [[Jodhpur RIFF]], and World Sacred Spirit Festival. His international appearances have introduced global audiences to the unique and intricate Manganiyar soundscape.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mahindrakabira.com/artist/anwar-khan-manganiar |title=Anwar Khan Manganiar |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Mahindra Kabira Festival|date=17 September 2013 }}</ref>

===Bollywood and mainstream music===
Anwar Khan gained nationwide recognition for his vocal contributions to the Bollywood film ''[[Padmaavat]]'' (2018), particularly the song "[[Ghoomar (song)|Ghoomar]]". His collaboration with renowned composer [[A.R. Rahman]] and other Bollywood artists has brought Rajasthani folk to popular platforms.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Padmaavat: 'Ghoomar' singer Anwar Khan Manganiyar on his experience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/padmaavat-ghoomar-anwar-khan-manganiyar/articleshow/62650058.cms |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Musical style and legacy==
Anwar Khan is known for fusing classical elements with folk traditions. His music often follows classical raga structures while incorporating regional rhythmic patterns and vernacular poetry. He is also a well-known performer of [[Sufi music]], especially compositions by [[Kabir]], [[Meera Bai]], and [[Bulleh Shah]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/video/sanjari-folk-music-rajasthan-anwar-khan-mangniyar-and-his-team-sanjaarai-raajasathaana-kae |title=Sanjari Folk Music Rajasthan, Anwar Khan Mangniyar and his team |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Indian Culture.gov.in}}</ref>

He is credited with mentoring young artists in the Manganiyar tradition and raising awareness about the socio-economic challenges faced by folk musicians.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Education must for artistes, Ustad Anwar Khan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/education-must-for-artistes-ustad-anwar-khan/articleshow/73892649.cms |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-musical-malady-folk-singers-and-their-tales-2948240/ |title=Musical Malady: Folk singers and their tales |access-date=2024-05-17 |newspaper=Financial Express}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
* '''Padma Shri''' (2024) for distinguished service in the field of arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padmashri Anwar Khan Manganiyar |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/padmashri-anwar-khan-manganiyar-anwar-khan-manganiyar/PgFO89ILiF1p_A?hl=en |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Google Arts & Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Award=Padma%20Shri&Year=2020-2020&Field=Art&Place=Rajasthan |title=Padma Awards Dashboard |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in}}</ref>
* Recognition from cultural organizations such as the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] and Department of Culture, Government of Rajasthan{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==See also==
* [[Manganiyar]]
* [[Rajasthani music]]
* [[Sufi music]] in India
* [[Komal Kothari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/padmashri-anwar-khan-manganiyar-anwar-khan-manganiyar/PgFO89ILiF1p_A?hl=en Padmashri Anwar Khan Manganiyar, Google Arts & Culture]
* [https://mahindrakabira.com/artist/anwar-khan-manganiar Anwar Khan Manganiar, Mahindra Kabira Festival]
* [https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2025/Mar/09/ustad-anwar-khan-manganiyar-the-voice-keeping-rajasthans-folk-music-alive Indulge Express article]
* [https://indianculture.gov.in/video/sanjari-folk-music-rajasthan-anwar-khan-mangniyar-and-his-team-sanjaarai-raajasathaana-kae Indian Culture portal]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manganiyar, Anwar Khan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:People from Jaisalmer]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Indian locomotive class YD

2025-08-31T15:44:48Z

Bhargava1920: made info.

{{More footnotes needed|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Indian locomotive class YD
| image = File:073 PakistanMirpurKhas 19931219.jpg
| caption = [[Pakistan Railways]] 729, an oil-fired [[Nippon Sharyo]] product, at Mirpur Khas, 1993
| powertype = Steam
| builder = {{ubl|[[AEG (German company)|AEG-Borsig]]|[[Henschel and Son]]|[[Nasmyth, Wilson and Company]]|[[Nippon Sharyo]]|[[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]]|[[Skoda Works]]|[[Vulcan Foundry]]|[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway|BB&CI]] [[Ajmer]] Works}}
| builddate = 1927-1953
| totalproduction = At least 270
| whytetype = {{whyte|2-8-2}}
| uicclass = 1'D1' h2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1000 mm}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|762|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| coupleddiameter = {{convert|1219|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|762|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| engine total = {{convert|8458|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| coupled = {{convert|4089|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| wheelbasewithtender = {{convert|15367|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| over buffers = {{convert|18313|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3429|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| axleload = {{convert|10.2|t|abbr=on}}
| weightondrivers = {{convert|40.4|t|abbr=on}}
| emptyweight = {{convert|52|t|abbr=on}}
| serviceweight = {{convert|58|t|abbr=on}}
| locotenderweight = {{convert|95.9|t|abbr=on}}
| fueltype = Coal
| fuelcap = {{convert|4.5|t|abbr=on}}
| watercap = {{convert|13.6|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}
| firearea = {{convert|2.42|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| boilerpressure = {{convert|12.7|bar|psi|abbr=on}}
| totalsurface = {{convert|117.2|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| superheaterarea = {{convert|36.6|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| cylindercount = Two, outside
| cylindersize = {{convert|432|x|610|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| valvegear = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]]
| maxspeed = {{convert|56|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| t/e starting = {{convert|86.8|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
| fleetnumbers = See table
| notes = References:<ref>{{cite book |author=Henschel-Werke |date=1935 |title=Henschel-Lokomotiv-Taschenbuch |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PapKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA193 |location= |publisher=[[Henschel and Son]] |pages=193–194 |isbn= |access-date= |language=de |trans-title=Henschel locomotive paperback}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last= |first= |date=15 December 1928 |title=Standard Locomotives for the Indian State Railways - Broad and Metre Gauge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHXmAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA5-PP3 |magazine=The Locomotive Magazine Carriage and Wagon Review |location= |publisher=Locomotive Publishing Company |access-date= |pages=377, 379}}</ref>
}}

The '''YD class''' was a class of [[2-8-2]] tender locomotives built for [[Metre-gauge railway|metre-gauge railways]] of the [[British Raj]], designed accordingly to the Indian Railway Standard (IRS).

== History ==
In early 1927, [[Vulcan Foundry]] built ten 2-8-2 goods locomotives to the [[Assam Bengal Railway]]. Initially unclassified, they would later be known as the class YD/1, as from mid-1927, the YD class was mass-produced for other railway companies in British India as a further development from the original ten examples. The YD/1 were somewhat smaller, and were equipped with three-axle tenders, as opposed to the four-axle bogie tenders used on the YDs.

Between 1927 and 1953, a total of at least 270 locomotives were built by eight manufacturers in [[Germany]], [[United Kingdom]], India, [[Japan]] and [[Czechoslovakia]].

=== India ===
When [[Indian Railways]] introduced a new numbering scheme in March 1957, the 143 locomotives remaining in service at the time were renumbered 30154–30296. The ten YD/1 class locomotives 30297–30306. By 1975, 133 YD class locomotives were in service with three regional zones of Indian Railways. 71 were allocated to the [[South Central Railway zone]], 45 to [[Western Railways]] (including the ten YD/1) and 17 to [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]]. Some of the locomotives were in service until the 1990s.

=== Pakistan ===
During the [[partition of India]], several examples came under the ownership of [[Pakistan Railways]]. In 1952, [[Nippon Sharyo]] of [[Japan]] built 25 near-identical locomotives with [[Oil burner (engine)|oil-firing]], and were put to work on passenger trains in addition to freight trains.<ref name="Pak1955">{{Cite book |title=1955 Pakistan 1956 |date=1956 |publisher= |pages=186}}</ref><ref name="PakRev">{{Cite book |title=Pakistan Railways |date=1957 |publisher=Ferozsons Limited |volume=5 |pages=36}}</ref> When [[East Pakistan]] gained independence as [[Bangladesh]] in 1974, the YDs allocated to East Pakistan were inherited by the [[Bangladesh Railway]]. Many were in service until the end of steam traction in Pakistan in the 1990s.

=== Burma ===
The [[British rule in Burma|colony of Burma]] was part of the [[British Raj]] until 1937, and [[Myanma Railways|Burma Railways]] was under jurisdiction of Indian Railways at the same time. As such, the YD class were used in Burma. After Burma became a separate [[crown colony]] and Burma Railways came under the control of the new government, its rolling stock including the YDs were taken over, and a further 20 were acquired in 1949. Some were still in service in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-12 |title=Myanmar (Burma) |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/asiaeast.htm#Myanmar |website=internationalsteam.co.uk}}</ref>

== Design ==
The YD class shared the same boiler as the [[Indian locomotive class YC|YC class]], albeit shorter and with a smaller firebox compared to the latter. The class YD's [[axle load]] was 10.2 t, which is the same as with the [[Indian locomotive class YB|YB class]] [[4-6-2]] locomotives. A heavier 12.2 t axle load variant known as the class YE was proposed, but never built.

Not only the YD/1 class locomotives had differences, some batches of class YD locomotives also had differences. Locomotives that were built in 1933 and 1934 were fitted with [[Poppet valve|poppet valves]], while two built for the [[Gondal State Railway]] originally did not have superheaters, which were later retrofitted in 1951. Pakistan's Japanese-built locomotives burn oil as fuel.

== Table of locomotives ==
This list may not be complete. Some sources have conflicting statements about the quantity of locomotives produced and operators who initially used them.{{Efn|Unless otherwise stated, this list is based on the sources listed in the "Bibliography" section, and AEG-Borsig, SLM and Vulcan Foundry production lists.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Builder
!Year
!Quantity
!Serial number
!Operator
!Running number
|-
|[[Vulcan Foundry]]
|1927
|10
|4081–4090
|[[Assam Bengal Railway]]
|201–210 (YD/1)
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1927
|5
|4164–4168
|[[Assam Bengal Railway]]
|211–215
|-
|Nasmyth, Wilson and Company
|1927
|2
|1505–1506
|[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]
|283, 324<ref name="Nasmyth">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-rNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA377 |title=Pacific Type Express Locomotive, Indian State Rys. |date=1927-12-15 |publisher=Locomotive Publishing Company, London |series=Moore's Monthly Magazine |volume=33 |pages=377}}</ref>
|-
|Nasmyth, Wilson and Company
|1927
|2
|1507–1508
|[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]
|430–431<ref name="Nasmyth" />
|-
|Nasmyth, Wilson and Company
|1927
|7
|1509–1515
|[[Myanma Railways|Burma Railways]]
|427–433<ref name="Nasmyth" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Burma Railways, Dampflokomotiven 1. und 2. Generation |date=January 2012 |volume= |pages=31}}</ref>
|-
|[[Škoda Works|Škoda]]
|1928
|17
|494–510
|Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
|448–449, 481, 600–613
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1928
|7
|4226–4232
|[[Myanma Railways|Burma Railways]]
|434–440
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1928
|16
|4233–4248
|Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
|432–447
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1928
|1
|4249
|Mysore State Railway
|131
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1928
|10
|4250–4259
|[[South Indian Railway Company|South Indian Railway]]
|YD 1–10
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1929
|4
|4399–4402
|Assam Bengal Railway
|N/A
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1929
|10
|4403–4412
|[[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway|Nizam’s Guaranteed State Railway]]
|220–229
|-
|Nasmyth, Wilson and Company
|1929
|1
|1562
|[[Gondal State Railway]]
|1
|-
|[[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]] (SLM)
|1929
|18
|3261–3278
|Burma Railways
|441–458
|-
|SLM
|1929
|5
|3279–3283
|Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
|125, 181, 345, 915, 916
|-
|SLM
|1929
|4
|3284–3287
|South Indian Railway
|YD 11–14
|-
|[[Henschel & Son|Henschel & Sohn]]
|1929
|29
|21544–72
|Burma Railways
|N/A<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXbmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA18 |title=Indian State Rys. |date=1929-07-15 |publisher=Locomotive Publishing Company, London |series=Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review |volume=35 |location= |pages=224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3oeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA126 |title=Henschel-Lokomotiven |date=1931 |pages=126 |language=de |trans-title=Henschel Locomotives |last1=Sohn |first1=Henschel }}</ref>
|-
|[[AEG (German company)|AEG-Borsig]]
|1930
|1
|4447
|Gondal State Railway
|2
|-
|AEG-Borsig
|1931
|4
|4573–4576
|Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
|482, 616–618
|-
|AEG-Borsig
|1931
|6
|4577–4582
|South Indian Railway
|YD 15–20
|-
|AEG-Borsig
|1931
|2
|4583–4584
|Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
|614–615
|-
|BB&CI
|1931
|15
|N/A
|Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
|142–156
|-
|BB&CI
|1932
|2
|N/A
|Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
|N/A
|-
|BB&CI
|1932
|8
|N/A
|Mysore State Railway
|134–141
|-
|BB&CI
|1933/34
|15
|N/A
|Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
|357–371
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1948
|5
|5660–5664
|Nizam’s Guaranteed State Railway
|206–210
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1949
|10
|5705–5714
|Mysore State Railway
|142–151
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1949
|20
|5715–5734
|Burma Railways
|956–975
|-
|Vulcan Foundry
|1949
|9
|5735–5743
|Nizam’s Guaranteed State Railway
|211–219
|-
|[[Nippon Sharyo]]
|1952/53
|25
|N/A
|[[Pakistan Railways]]
|N/A<ref name="Pak1955">{{Cite book |title=1955 Pakistan 1956 |date=1956 |publisher= |pages=186}}</ref><ref name="PakRev">{{Cite book |title=Pakistan Railways |date=1957 |publisher=Ferozsons Limited |volume=5 |pages=36}}</ref>
|}

==Other YDs==
In 1942, two locomotives similar to the YD class built by [[W. G. Bagnall]] for the ''Companhia Ferroviária São Paulo-Paraná'' in Brazil were requisitioned by the [[War Department (United Kingdom)|War Department]] and shipped to India in 1943. The [[Mysore State Railway]] and the [[Jodhpur State Railway]] each received one locomotive. Both locomotives were designated as class YD by Indian Railways, although they bore significant differences. Other than their external appearance, these two locomotives had larger cylinders and fireboxes. Both were in service in the South Central Railway zone as of 1975.<ref>{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Hugh
|title=Indian Locomotives: Part 4 - 1941-1990
|date=1996
|location= Harrow, Middlesex
|publisher=Continental Railway Circle
|isbn=0-9521655-1-1
|url= https://search.worldcat.org/title/35135033
|access-date= 30 August 2025
|pages=53
}}</ref>

The [[Hedjaz Jordan Railway|Jordan Hedjaz Railway (JHR)]] had 3 locomotives built in 1951 to the design of the YD class<ref name="jhr">Sources:
* {{cite web |last1=Ballantyne |first1=Hugh|title=Steam in Jordan and Syria May 1999 |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/hejaz01.htm |website=International Steam|date=11 June 1999|access-date=30 August 2025|quote=... RSH built 2-8-2 23 which is a standard IRS design YD class...}}
* {{cite web |last1=van Dorp |first1=Jan Willem|title=Steam in the Middle East|url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/hejaz05.htm |website=International Steam|date=6 October 2005|access-date=30 August 2025|quote=... unidentified YD... ... YD 23 opposite the turntable...}}
</ref> from [[Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns]], and received running numbers 21–23 (RSH 7431—33/1951).<ref name="kautzor2015">{{cite web |last1=Kautzor |first1=Thomas |title=Steam Locomotives in Jordan, 2015 |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/jordan01.htm |website=International Steam |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

In 1955, Vulcan Foundry built three locomotives similar to the class YD design, albeit with a shorter {{whyte|2-6-2}} wheel arrangement, for the [[Sabah State Railway|North Borneo Railway]] (NBR).<ref name="nbr">Sources:
* {{cite web |last1=Dickinson|first1=Rob|title=Preserved Steam in East Malaysia |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/malay05.htm |website=International Steam |access-date=30 August 2025}}
* {{cite web |last1=Waite|first1=James|title=The North Borneo Railway |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/borneo04.htm |website=International Steam |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref> These locomotives were numbered 14–16 (VF 6274–76/1955) on the NBR, and were among the last Vulcan-built steam locomotives.<ref name="waite">{{cite web |last1=Waite|first1=James|title=The North Borneo Railway |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/borneo04.htm |website=International Steam |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

== Preservation ==
Several locomotives are on display in various [[List of railway museums|railway museums]] in India,<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en |title=Steam locomotives in India |url=https://www.steamlocomotive.info/country.cfm?which=india |website=steamlocomotive.info}}</ref> Bangladesh,<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en |title=Steam locomotives in Bangladesh |url=https://www.steamlocomotive.info/country.cfm?which=bangladesh |website=steamlocomotive.info}}</ref> Myanmar<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en |title=Steam locomotives in Myanmar |url=https://www.steamlocomotive.info/country.cfm?which=myanmar |website=steamlocomotive.info}}</ref> and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en |title=Steam locomotives in Pakistan |url=https://www.steamlocomotive.info/country.cfm?which=pakistan |website=steamlocomotive.info}}</ref>

Of the 3 Jordanian YDs, only JHR 22 (RSH 7432/1951) was scrapped aside from its tender, which still is at Amman station. JHR 21 (RSH 7431/1951) stands derelict outside Amman station, and JHR 23 (RSH 7433/1951) is preserved.<ref name="kautzor2015"/>

All three NBR Vulcan Foundry locomotives are preserved.<ref name="nbrpreserved">{{cite web |last1=Dickinson|first1=Rob|title=Preserved Steam in East Malaysia |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/malay05.htm |website=International Steam |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref> NBR 15 was maintained in working order and chartered for tourist trains,<ref name="nbrp2">{{cite web |last1=Dickinson|first1=Rob|title=Report on NBR tourist train services. |url= https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/asiaeast.htm#Malaysia |website=International Steam |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref> which, however, since the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], remain suspended as of 2025.<ref name="nbrpreserved"/><ref name="nbrp2"/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Indian_Railways_Class_YD.jpg|link=File:Indian_Railways_Class_YD.jpg|Vulcan Foundry's specification sheet of the class YD
File:IRS_Baureihe_YD_Lokomotiven_im_Bau_bei_der_SLM.jpg|link=File:IRS_Baureihe_YD_Lokomotiven_im_Bau_bei_der_SLM.jpg|Locomotives being built by [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]], 1929
File:063_PakistanMirpurKhas_19931219.jpg|link=File:063_PakistanMirpurKhas_19931219.jpg|Pakistan Railways 520 (built in 1932) in service in 1993
File:094_PakistanMirpurKhas_19931219.jpg|link=File:094_PakistanMirpurKhas_19931219.jpg|A Japanese-built YD hauling a passenger train, 1993
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
<references responsive="" />

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Hugh |title=Steam Locomotives in India, Part 2 – Metre Gauge |date=1977 |publisher=The Continental Railway Circle |isbn=0-9503469-3-4}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/124446949@N06/albums/72157713945649366/ Gallery of AEG-Borsig-built YD class locomotives], [[Flickr]]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/florian_grupp/3353856746/ Technical diagram of Burmese YD class], via Flickr

{{Metre gauge locomotives of India}}

[[Category:2-8-2 locomotives]]
[[Category:1′D1′ h2 locomotives]]
[[Category:Škoda locomotives]]
[[Category:Henschel locomotives]]
[[Category:AEG locomotives]]
[[Category:SLM locomotives]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of India|YD]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Metre-gauge steam locomotives]]
[[Category:Freight locomotives]]
[[Category:Vulcan Foundry locomotives]]
[[Category:Nasmyth, Wilson and Company locomotives]]
[[Category:Nippon Sharyo locomotives]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Bangladesh]]

Nithya

2025-08-18T21:48:14Z

Bhargava1920:

{{wikt|नित्य}}
'''Nithya''' may refer to

* [[Nithya Das]], Indian film actress
* [[Nithya Mammen]], Indian playback singer
* [[Nithya Menen]] (born 1988), Indian film actress
* [[Nithya Ram]] (born 1990), Indian television and film actress
* [[Nithya Raman]], American urban planner and politician
* [[Nithya Ravindran]], Indian film actress
* [[Nithya Shree]], Malaysian actress and makeup artist
* ''[[Yeto Vellipoyindhi Manasu]]'' (working title ''Nithya''), a 2012 Indian Telugu-language film


==See also==
* [[Nitya (disambiguation)]], alternative form of the Indian female given name
* [[Nityananda (disambiguation)]]

{{Disambiguation|given name}}

Manikchak, Malda

2025-08-16T12:04:04Z

Bhargava1920: minor changes

{{Short description|Village in Malda (West Bengal), India}}
{{About|the village in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake community development block|Manikchak|2 its namesake assembly constituency|Manikchak (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manikchak
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
History of Manikchak| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.081441|N|87.899111|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 269,813
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732202
| area_code_type = [[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]]/ Telephone code
| area_code = 03512
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Manikchak (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Manikchak]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Manikchak''' is a village in the [[Manikchak]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|24|57|0|N|88|1|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the southern portion of Malda district (including Kaliachak I, Kaliachak II, Kaliachak III, Manikchak and English Bazar CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|0|54|N|88|7|0|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Bagbari | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bagbari]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|52|46|N|88|2|5|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Baliadanga| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Baliadanga]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|51|4|N|88|1|51|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Alipur| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Alipur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|53|37|N|88|5|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bamangram| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bamangram]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|54|16|N|88|5|57|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bara Suzapur| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bara Suzapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|55|10|N|88|4|56|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chaspara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chaspara]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|55|55|N|88|5|37|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Chhota |labela7= Suzapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chhota Suzapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|53|30|N|88|2|54|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Jadupur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Jadupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|49|44|N|87|56|43|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Jagannathpur| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Jagannathpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|54|18|N|88|3|50|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jalalpur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Jalalpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|50|4|N|88|0|40|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Karari Chandpur| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Karari Chandpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|47|34|N|87|59|40|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Krishnapur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Krishnapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|25|1|7|N|87|59|59|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Milki| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Milki Town]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|55|10|N|88|6|29|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Nazirpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Nazirpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|52|45|N|88|1|6|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silampur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Silampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|59|14|N|88|7|2|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonatala| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Sonatala, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|0|42|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Malda| numbered17=M| mark-title17=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color17= #800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|25|3|26|N|88|8|11|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Old Malda| numbered18=M| mark-title18=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color18= #800000
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Farakka Barrage| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|50|30|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Baisnabnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Baisnabnagar, Malda]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|58|35|N|88|0|9|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bangitola| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Bangitola]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|48|40|N|87|59|43|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Bedrabad| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bedrabad]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|7|50|N|87|52|15|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bhutni| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Bhutni, Malda]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|49|23|N|87|59|19|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Dariapur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Dariapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|52|5|N|88|1|29|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Kaliachak| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Kaliachak]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|50|47|N|88|8|26|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Mahadipur|labela26= checkpoint| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Mahadipur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|4|53|N|87|53|56|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Manikchak| numbered27=R| mark-title27= Manikchak, Malda (R) |shape-color27=black| label-size27=13|label-color27=black 
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|56|4|N|88|2|33|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Mothabari| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Mathabari]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|6|37|N|87|53|24|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Mathurapur| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Mathurapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|56|55|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= Panchanandapur| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Panchanandapur]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|49|0|N|87|57|17|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31= Pubarun| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Pubarun]] (R) |shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|59|37|N|88|2|24|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Sattari| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Sattari, West Bengal]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|51|17|N|88|0|2|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Sultanganj| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Sultanganj, Malda]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|52|0|N|88|8|0|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Gauda | mark-title34= [[Gauḍa (city)]] (H)| numbered34=H |shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|5|0|N|88|6|0|E}}|label35=Mahananda|labela35= River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=45| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|1|30|N|87|55|0|E}}|label36= Ganges River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=30| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|mark-coord37={{coord|25|3|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label37= Tangon River| label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37=-60| label-pos37=top| label-size37=10| mark-size37=0| mark-title37 =none
|mark-coord38={{coord|25|3|20|N|88|2|0|E}}|label38= Kalindri |labela38= River| label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38=-10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|57|33|N|87|59|30|E}} | label-pos39=right|label39= Birodhi| numbered39=CT| mark-title39=[[Birodhi]] (CT)
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|55|0|N|88|11|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|24|50|0|N|87|51|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

===Location===
Manikchak is located at {{coord|25.081441|N|87.899111|E|}}

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjoining map is the physiographic sub-region known as the ''diara''. It "is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the [[Fluvial processes|fluvial]] deposition of newer [[alluvium]]." The most note-worthy feature is the [[Farakka Barrage]] across the Ganges.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The area is a part of the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]], which is an overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural region]], but the area shown in the map has pockets of [[Urbanisation in India|urbanization]] with 17 census towns, concentrated mostly in the [[Kaliachak I]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The bank of the [[Ganges]] between [[Bhutni, Malda|Bhutni]] and [[Panchanandapur]] (both the places are marked on the map), is the area worst hit by [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|left bank erosion]], a major problem in the Malda area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | title = A Report on the Impact of Farakka Barrage on the Human Fabric, November 1999 | work = The social impact of erosion, pp 13-14 | first = Manisha | last = Banerjee | publisher = South Asia Network On Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi: 110 088 India | access-date = 16 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234303/http://sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The ruins of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], capital of several empires, is located in this area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 3-4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Manikchak police station under West Bengal police has jurisdiction over Manikchak CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.policewb.gov.in/wbp/telephone/dist/mld.html | title = Malda District Police | work = Telephone Numbers | publisher = District Police | accessdate = 9 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181109085942/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/telephone/dist/mld.html | archive-date = 9 November 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Manikchak CD block is at Manikchak.<ref name=handbook2014/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Maldah, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Maldah with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 9 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | title = BDO Offices under Malda District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | accessdate = 8 November 2018 | archive-date = 12 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074655/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Manikchak had a total population of 4,038, of which 2,103 (52%) were males and 1,935 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 700. The total number of literate persons in Manikchak was 2,181 (65.34% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 11 November 2018 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[State Highway 10 (West Bengal)|State Highway 10]] connects Manickchak to [[National Highway 12 (India)|National Highway 12]] (old number NH 34) at Malda and [[National Highway 131A (India)|National Highway 131A]] at Ratua.<ref>Google maps</ref>

There is a private ferry service operating between Manikchak ferry ghat and Sahibganj ferry ghat, across the [[Ganges]], in [[Jharkhand]]. Around 15,000 to 20,000 people use the ferry on weekdays.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/ferry-yet-to-be-fished-out-of-river-crane-from-jharkhand-lifts-six-trucks/cid/513685 |title = Ferry yet to be fished out of river – Crane from Jharkhand lifts six trucks | work= West Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 14 January 2009 | accessdate = 11 November 2018 }}</ref>

==Education==
[[Manikchak College]] at Mathurapur, established in 2014, is affiliated to the [[University of Gour Banga]]. It offers an honours course in Bengali and a general course in arts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://manikchakcollege.com/final-web/index.php | title = Manikchak College | publisher = MC | accessdate = 8 November 2018 | archive-date = 12 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181112223254/https://manikchakcollege.com/final-web/index.php | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/ManikchakCollege/ManikchakCollege.shtml | title = Manikchak College | publisher = College Admission | accessdate = 8 November 2018 | archive-date = 12 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181704/http://www.collegeadmission.in/ManikchakCollege/ManikchakCollege.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Manikchak Rural Hospital at Manikchak with 30 beds is the main medical facility in Manikchak CD Block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Bhutni, Malda|Bhutni]] (with 10 beds), Mathurapur (with 4 beds) and Nurpur (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 14 November 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==External links==
{{external media
| float=right
| video1= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1Y1DJmC8ec The road to Manikchak ghat]
| video2= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HtyqDUpIjU Rajmahal to Manikchak frry]
}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Villages in Malda district]]

Manikchak, Malda

2025-08-16T12:04:04Z

Bhargava1920: minor changes

Sheikh Hissamuddin

2025-07-04T08:34:04Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sheikh Hissamuddin
| native_name = {{nastaliq|شیخ حسام الدین}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| order = 4th
| office = President of Majlis-i Ahrar-i Islam
| term_start = 1939
| term_end = 1940
| predecessor = [[Habibur Rehman Ludhianvi]]
| successor = [[Master Taj-ud-Din Ansari]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
| embed = yes
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi school|Hanafi]]
| creed = [[Maturidism|Maturidi]]}}
}}
{{short description|Indian independence activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Sheikh Hissamuddin''' was an Islamic scholar who served as the fourth president of the [[Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam|Majlis-i Ahrar-i Islam]] in three terms, first from 1939 to 1940, then from 1942 to 1946, and lastly from 1962 to 1966.

A figure in the history of [[Indian subcontinent]] and a leader of All India [[Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Towards Freedom: Documents on the Movement for Independence in India, 1939|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461770last=Hasan |author=Mushirul |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-569651-6 |page=1253}}</ref> After the [[partition of India]] he left politics and struggle for Khatm-e-Nubuwwat movement with [[Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari]], chief of Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam Pakistan. In 1953, he had a role in the movement of [[Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat]].<ref>REPORT
of THE COURT OF INQUIRY constituted under PUNJAB ACT II OF 1954 to enquire into the PUNJAB DISTURBANCES OF 1953</ref> In 1958, the Ahrar organized again. At that time, Sheikh Hissam-ud-Din was elected for the seat of Secretary General of [[Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam]] [[Pakistan]].

== Books ==
Sheikh Hissamuddin wrote and contributed to several books and pamphlets on Islamic theology, political activism, and the independence movement in British India. Notable books attributed to him include:

* '''{{lang|ur|اسلام اور آزادی}}''', ''Islam and Freedom'' — exploring the relationship between Islamic teachings and the struggle for independence.
* '''{{lang|ur|تحریک احرار کی تاریخ}}''', ''History of the Ahrar Movement'' — a historical account of the Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam and its role in Indian politics.
* '''{{lang|ur|مسلمانانِ ہند کے مسائل}}''', ''The Problems of Indian Muslims'' — essays addressing the social and political challenges faced by Muslims in British India.
* '''{{lang|ur|علماء اور سیاست}}''', ''The Ulama and Politics'' — discussing the role of religious scholars in political movements.

His writings, along with his speeches and articles published in contemporary newspapers and journals, contributed to the intellectual discourse on Islam, nationalism, and colonialism.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hissam-ud-Din, Sheikh}}
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Presidents of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam]]
[[Category:Secretaries-general of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam]]
[[Category:Activists from Lahore]]
{{Pakistan-politician-stub}}
{{India-politician-stub}}

2010–11 Senior Women's T20 League

2025-06-11T02:24:14Z

Bhargava1920: put up first entry more to come.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2010–11 Senior Women's T20 League
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| fromdate = 13 January
| todate = 4 February 2011
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[Women's Twenty20|Twenty20]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]]
| host =
| champions = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| count = 2
| runner up = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| participants = 26
| matches = 76
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Mamatha Kanojia]] (283)
| most wickets = Annyesha Maitra (14) Poonam Jagtap (14) [[Seema Pujare]] (14)
| previous_year = 2009–10
| previous_tournament = 2009–10 Senior Women's T20 League
| next_year = 2011–12
| next_tournament = 2011–12 Senior Women's T20 League
}}

The '''2010–11 Senior Women's T20 League''' was the 3rd edition of the women's [[Women's Twenty20|Twenty20]] [[cricket]] [[Senior Women's T20 League|competition]] in [[India]]. It took place in January and February 2011, with 26 teams divided into five regional groups. [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] won the tournament, their second in a row, beating [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] in the final.<ref name="CA">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/Inter_State_Womens_Twenty20_Competition_2010-11.html |title=Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2010/11 |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=21 August 2021}}</ref>

==Competition format==
The 26 teams competing in the tournament were divided into five zonal groups: Central, East, North, South and West. The tournament operated on a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format, with each team playing every other team in their group once. The top two sides from each group progressed to the Super League round, where the 10 remaining teams were divided into two further round-robin groups. The winner of each group progressed to the final. Matches were played using a [[Women's Twenty20|Twenty20]] format.

The groups worked on a points system with positions with the groups being based on the '''total points'''. Points were awarded as follows:<ref name="CAtable">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/13/Inter_State_Womens_Twenty20_Competition_2010-11.html |title=Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2010/11 Points Tables |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=21 August 2021}}</ref>

'''Win''': 4 points. 
'''[[Result (cricket)#Tie|Tie]]''': 2 points. 
'''Loss''': 0 points. 
'''No Result/Abandoned''': 2 points.

If points in the final table are equal, teams are separated by most wins, then head-to-head record, then [[Net Run Rate]].

==Zonal Tables==
===Central Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Uttar Pradesh women's cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 || '''16'''|| +0.936
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +2.091
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.700
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Rajasthan women's cricket team|Rajasthan]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –1.128
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Vidarbha women's cricket team|Vidarbha]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.236
|}

===East Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 || '''12'''|| +1.212
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 || '''12'''|| +0.416
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Jharkhand women's cricket team|Jharkhand]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.005
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Odisha women's cricket team|Orissa]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.676
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Tripura women's cricket team|Tripura]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.028
|}

===North Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 || '''16'''|| +0.901
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.867
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Haryana women's cricket team|Haryana]]
|4 ||1 ||2 ||1 ||0 ||'''6'''|| –0.357
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
|4 ||1 ||2 ||1 ||0 ||'''6'''|| –0.416
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Jammu and Kashmir women's cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.025
|}

===South Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||5 ||0 ||0 ||0 || '''20'''|| +1.881
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||3 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||'''14'''|| +1.136
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Goa women's cricket team|Goa]]
|5 ||3 ||2 ||0 ||0 |||'''12'''|| –0.028
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
|5 ||2 ||2 ||1 ||0 ||'''10'''|| +0.440
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]]
|5 ||1 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –1.706
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Andhra women's cricket team|Andhra]]
|5 ||0 ||5 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.644
|}

===West Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 || '''16'''|| +1.268
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||2 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||'''10'''|| +0.998
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Saurashtra women's cricket team|Saurashtra]]
|4 ||1 ||2 ||1 ||0 ||'''6'''|| –0.921
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Gujarat women's cricket team|Gujarat]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.961
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
|4 ||0 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.348
|}

:Source:CricketArchive<ref name="CAtable"/>

==Super Leagues==
===Super League Group A===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 || '''16'''|| +1.047
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| +0.334
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Uttar Pradesh women's cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.078
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.432
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –0.890
|}

===Super League Group B===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 || '''16'''|| +3.244
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.203
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| +0.712
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –2.207
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –1.669
|}

:Source:CricketArchive<ref name="CAtable"/>

==Final==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 February 2011
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| team2 = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| score1 = 99/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = Ananya Mitra 31[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets1 = [[Amita Sharma]] 2/13 (4 overs)
| score2 = 100/3 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mithali Raj]] 44[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets2 = Annyesha Maitra 2/16 (4 overs)
| result = Railways won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/297/297475.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Sankara Dendapani]] and Nitin Pai
| motm =
| toss = Bengal won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

==Statistics==
===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=125| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Matches
!width=60 | Innings
!width=60 | Runs
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | {{Tooltip|HS|Highest score}}
!width=60 | 100s
!width=60 | 50s
|-
|[[Mamatha Kanojia]]
|[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
|9
|9
|'''283'''
|47.16
|57[[not out|*]]
|0
|2
|-
|[[Mithali Raj]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|5
|4
|'''232'''
|232.00
|85[[not out|*]]
|0
|2
|-
|Devieka Sathe
|[[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]]
|8
|8
|'''200'''
|28.57
|84[[not out|*]]
|0
|1
|-
|[[Karu Jain]]
|[[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]]
|9
|9
|'''195'''
|48.75
|46[[not out|*]]
|0
|0
|-
|Nidhi Torvi
|[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
|9
|9
|'''193'''
|21.44
|39
|0
|0
|-
|}
Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/Inter_State_Womens_Twenty20_Competition_2010-11/Batting_by_Runs.html |title=Batting and Fielding in Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2010/11 (Ordered by Runs) |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=21 August 2021}}</ref>

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=125| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Overs
!width=60 | Wickets
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | BBI
!width=60 | 5w
|-
|Annyesha Maitra
|[[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
|33.0
|'''14'''
|7.71
|3/6
|0
|-
|Poonam Jagtap
|[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
|32.0
|'''14'''
|8.92
|3/11
|0
|-
|[[Seema Pujare]]
|[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
|29.4
|'''14'''
|9.28
|3/7
|0
|-
|Ananya Upendran
|[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
|25.0
|'''13'''
|9.28
|3/7
|0
|-
|[[Shilpa Gupta (cricketer)|Shilpa Gupta]]
|[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
|29.0
|'''12'''
|8.66
|3/14
|0
|}
Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/13/Inter_State_Womens_Twenty20_Competition_2010-11/Bowling_by_Wickets.html |title=Bowling in Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2010/11 (Ordered by Wickets) |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=21 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Women's Inter State Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2010-11 Senior Women's T20 League}}
[[Category:Senior Women's T20 Trophy]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2010–11|Senior Women's T20 League]]
[[Category:2011 in Indian cricket|Senior Women's T20 League]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Peacock dance

2025-02-18T22:33:28Z

Bhargava1920: clean up

{{short description|Traditional Asian folk dance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox dance
| title = Peacock Dance
| name =
| image = Peacock Dancer with Body Art -2.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Indian peacock dancer
| genre = [[Folk dance]]
| signature =
| year =
| origin = South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia
}}
{{Dance drama of Southeast Asia}}
The '''peacock dance''' or '''peafowl dance''' is a traditional Asian [[folk dance]] that describes the beauty and the movement of [[Peafowl|peacocks]]. There are several peacock dance traditions developed in Asia, including the peacock dances of [[Myanmar]], of the western and northern parts of [[Cambodia]], of [[West Java]] in Indonesia, and of the Indian subcontinent in Southern India, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], and the [[Yunnan]] region of China<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hernandez |first=Acsa |editor1-last=Carter |editor1-first=Katherine M |editor2-last=Li |editor2-first=Melody Yunzi |date=2024 |chapter=Peacock Dance – 孔雀舞 (Kǒngquè wǔ) |title=Chinese Popular Culture Terms |volume=2 |chapter-url=https://uhlibraries.pressbooks.pub/chin3343fa23/chapter/peacockdance/ |publisher=University of Houston Libraries |language=en}}</ref>

==China==
Peacock as a [[totem]] of the [[Dai people]] in the southwestern Chinese province [[Yunnan]], one of the 56 [[ethnic groups in China]], is an essential part of the cultural and spiritual aspects of the Dai people. The peacock dance as the most famous and traditional performance dance among the [[folk dances]] of the Dai people is prevalent in [[Ruili]], Luxi located in [[Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture]], Mengding, Mengda, [[Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County]], [[Cangyuan Va Autonomous County]] and other inhabitation regions of the Dai People.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/12970 |title=傣族孔雀舞 - 中国非物质文化遗产网·中国非物质文化遗产数字博物馆}}</ref>

The peacock dance of the Dai ethnic group has a very long history and is closely tied with their distinguished ethnic culture. Any festival occasion or celebration such as the annual [[Water Festival]] and the Gate Closing / Opening Festival is accompanied by the peacock dance, to express joy and happiness.

In general, there are two different kinds of the traditional peacock dance of the ''Dai ethnic group'' in China. One is the peacock dance, which involves wearing a heavy stand made of [[bamboo]], silk, and other materials that imitate the stretching feather of a peacock. One single stand can weigh up to 20 kilos and will be attached to the back and waist of the performer. The other is the "unarmed peacock dance", in which the performers do not need to carry a heavy stand. Elephant-foot drums, [[gongs]], and [[cymbals]] are the usual accompanying instruments for the peacock dance.

==India==
[[File:Mayilattam_(2).JPG|thumb|left|Mayilattam dance at [[Koovery]], Kerala]]
The [[mayilattam]] ([[tamil language|Tamil]]: மயிலாட்டம்), also known as peacock dance, is performed by girls dressed as peacocks during the harvest festival of [[Thai Pongal]] in the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150814040440/http://discovertamilnadu.net/tamilnadu%20dances.html Dances in Tamil Nadu]}} at discovertamilnadu.net.</ref><ref>[http://www.carnatica.net/special/folkdances.htm Folk Dances of Tamil Nadu] at carnatica.net.</ref>

==Indonesia==
[[File:DSC 0624 yuri.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] peacock dance, West Java, Indonesia]]
In [[Indonesia]] it is known as the peafowl dance (Merak dance or ''Tari Merak'') and originated in [[West Java]]. It is performed by female dancers inspired by the movements of a peacock and its feathers blended with the classical movements of [[Sundanese dance]]. its one of new creation dance composed by Sundanese artist and choreographer Raden Tjeje Soemantri around the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sahabatnesia.com/tari-merak-jawa-barat/ |title=Sejarah Tari Merak Jawa Barat Beserta Ciri Khas dan Gerakannya |date=16 November 2020}}</ref> This dance is performed to welcome honourable guest in a big event also occasionally performed in Sundanese wedding ceremonies. This dance is also one of Indonesia's dances performed in many international events, such as in [[Perahara]] festivals in [[Sri Lanka]].

==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Peacock dances" widths="200px" heights="200px">
Image:2016 Phnom Penh, Tradycyjny Kambodżański Pokaz Tańca (076).jpg|[[Khmer people|Cambodian]] peacock dance
Image:Shan peacock dance.jpg|Shan peacock dance in [[Myanmar]]
Image:Khum Khantoke.jpg|Dancers in [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand
Image:Chiang Mai. Benjarong Khantoke. Traditional Thai dance. 2016-10-14 20-30-01.jpg|Dancers in Chiang Mai, Thailand
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Dance in Cambodia]]
* [[Dance in China]]
* [[Dance in India]]
* [[Dance in Indonesia]]
** [[Sundanese dance]]

==References==
{{Reflist|4}}

[[Category:Cambodian dances]]
[[Category:Chinese culture]]
[[Category:Dances of China]]
[[Category:Dances of Java]]
[[Category:Asian dances]]
[[Category:Social dance]]
[[Category:Sundanese culture]]
[[Category:Tamil dance styles]]

Mission Kakatiya

2024-08-21T13:28:10Z

Bhargava1920:

{{Short description|Irrigation project in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox project
| name = Mission Kakatiya ({{lang|te|మన ఊరు మన చెరువు}})
| image = File:Mission Kakatiya official logo.png
| type = Restoration of 46,000 Tanks and Lakes
| established = {{start date|2015|03|12|df=y}}
| location = [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| founder = [[Government of Telangana]]
| chiefminister = [[K. Chandrashekhar Rao]]
| ministry = Ministry of Irrigation
| website = [http://missionkakatiya.cgg.gov.in/ Official website]
| current_status = Active
}}

'''Mission Kakatiya ("Our Village Our Lake")''' is a scheme for restoring all the [[minor irrigation]] [[tank]]s and [[lake]]s in [[Telangana State]], [[India]]. This scheme aims to renovate 46,531 tanks and lakes, storing 265 [[Tmcft|TMC]] water across the state in five years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://missionkakatiya.cgg.gov.in/homemission|title=Mission of the program - Mission Kakatiya|website=missionkakatiya.cgg.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413130121/http://missionkakatiya.cgg.gov.in/homemission|archive-date=13 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> This is the first program to be taken up by the [[Government of Telangana]] after coming into power in June 2014.

The tanks and lakes are dug to remove [[silt]] for increasing water storage capacity. The household agricultural income has also increased by 78.50% in the tank ayacut area.

In April 2022, the [[Government of India]] launched a similar water body rejuvenation scheme called the Mission Amrit Sarovar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1824518|title=Mission Amrit Sarovar - A high level meeting held to review the progress of the Mission under the chairmanship of Secretary, Rural Development|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The agriculture was solely depended on the tanks. Until the [[Asaf Jahi Dynasty|Nizam rule]], the tanks had a capacity of 244 TMC in Telangana region, but due to negligence most of it was lost. The irrigated land (ayacut) under 70,000 tanks in 1956 was around 25 lakh acres. By 2014 the tanks left were 46,531, nearly half of them were dry. The farmers started depending on [[water well]]s for agriculture. When the [[water table]] depleted the wells dried up, farmers started digging [[borewell]]s, which also dried up for lack of Land and Groundwater.

==The project==
The project was taken up in five phases:

* Phase one - 8003 tanks
* Phase two - 8927 tanks
* Phase three - 5886 tanks
* Phase four - 6000 tanks
* Phase five - Remainder and New tanks creation

Big tanks and lakes, with higher ayacut, were taken up first. It started on 12 March 2015 and ended By March 2018. 27,713 lakes work was completed, spending ₹8700 crores, stabilizing and providing water for 20 lakh acres.

==Usage of silt==
The usage of silt or soil that is rich in [[soil nutrient]]s was transferred by the farmers to their fields. Nearly 7 Crore tractor silt dug up from the tanks was used by the farmers.

The [[crop yield]] proved to be a boon, as published by pioneering, patented work of a Telangana farmer, [[Chintala Venkat Reddy]]. The yield for cotton had gone up by 11.6%, maize by 6.7% and paddy by 4.4%. And the fisherman’s income went up by 30-35%.

==Success==
By using [[surface water]] instead of Tube borewell water there was a marked change in quality. Over 2.88 lakh acres of new ayacut was stabilised and will reach 12 lakh acres by the completion of the project. The [[ground water table]] increased from 6.9% to 9.2%. The livelihood of fisherman community was also restored.

The water activist, popularly known as ''Waterman of India'', [[Rajendra Singh (environmentalist)|Rajendra Singh]], toured the rejuvenated lakes and was impressed by the turnaround of life. He celebrated his birthday in 2016 on a lake bund in [[Warangal]].

==Geospatial database==
The [[geotagging]] and [[Spatial database|geospatial database]] is maintained for 45,800 tanks, for analysis and monitoring.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://telanganatoday.com/central-team-to-recommend-mission-kakatiya-in-other-states |title=Central team to recommend Mission Kakatiya in other States |website=telanganatoday.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412211814/https://telanganatoday.com/central-team-to-recommend-mission-kakatiya-in-other-states |archive-date=2018-04-12}}</ref> Every tank is assigned a unique [[GEOID]], based on its [[latitude]] and [[longitude]]. This helps the engineers to plan and monitor effectively with an exhaustive, granular and realtime data, obviating the need for manual recording. The sanitization of the tank database is done by Command Area Development Authority (CADA). This is helping the Department to estimate the area of irrigated land, crops under a given tank, for each season using satellite imagery like [[Google Earth]].

==Biodiversity==
The project has resulted in return of many [[migratory bird]]s because of water levels and fishes in the tanks.

==Studies==
The project is being studied by different government agencies, and also two US based universities, [[University of Michigan]] and [[University of Chicago]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/%E2%80%98Mission-Kakatiya-already-showing-positive-results%E2%80%99/article13982637.ece | title=Mission Kakatiya already showing positive results|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 January 2016|first=B.|last=Chandrashekhar|accessdate=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2016-06-01/Mission-Kakatiya-wows-US-varsities/231918 Mission Kakatiya wows US varsities]</ref>

===University of Michigan===
University of Michigan study group are developing a low-cost way to increase crop yield and reduce the use of fertilizers for Indian farmers. A multi-disciplinary team of 16 students, from eight schools of the university, after having analyses the work in two villages of Adilabad and Karimnagar districts for 12 months to learn about the program’s effectiveness.<ref>[http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/22935-desilting-ponds-in-india-benefit-farmers-environment Desilting ponds in India benefit farmers, environment | University of Michigan News]</ref> Their findings include reduction of fertilizer usage, reduced power utilization, increase in crop yield.
<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/us-varsity-students-study-on-mission-kakatiya-vies-for-natgeo-award/article19694037.ece U.S. varsity students’ study on Mission Kakatiya vies for NatGeo award], The Hindu, 2017-09-15</ref>

===University of Chicago===
University of Chicago’s Tata Development Centre has come forward to do a detailed 2-year study of the program, which will evaluate its impact on agricultural, environmental and economic outcome.

===NABCON===
Government of Telangana requested [[NABARD]]’s affiliate, NABCONS to do a study. The findings in Impact Assessment Report, was carried out in late 2017 on phase 1 part, found that the ayacut increased over 51% after the project, 17% dried up wells and [[borewell]]s see water coming back, decrease in utilization of fertilizers, significant increase in [[groundwater table]], and 39% increase in fishing.

===IRMA===
[[Institute of Rural Management Anand]] also did a study on the effectiveness of the project.

===Telangana Agriculture University===
[[Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University]] is also doing a study.

==See also==
[[Kudimaramathu Scheme]], Tamil Nadu

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://missionkakatiya.cgg.gov.in/ Mission Kakatiya Official Website]
* [http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/22935-desilting-ponds-in-india-benefit-farmers-environment University of Michigan study]

[[Category:Government of Telangana]]
[[Category:KCR Government initiatives]]

Chhatra Bharati

2024-05-09T20:57:37Z

Bhargava1920:

'''Chhatra Bharati''' ([[Hindi]] छात्र भारती) is one of major independent student organization based in [[India]]. The Organisation is based on [[socialist]] ideology. Chhatra Bharati is not affiliated to any Political Party; But during elections, it actively participates or gives its support to an individual or like-minded political parties.
Chhatra Bharati is currently led by Prof. '''Rohit dhale''' as President.

In 2012–13 Chhatra Bharati launched protest all over Maharashtra against rape and violence against women. Chhatra Bharati staged an agitation at The Tribal Commissionerate at Nashik demanding suspension of senior officials of tribal development in connection with the rape of 18-year-old tribal girl.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=UO3FM7GmVoaypCcUp6C98En3dPulsODi180I3dPulst6sO7J83QvM= |title=Protests in Nashik after rape of tribal girl - India - News | News Syndication | Content Syndication |access-date=2014-10-01 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030929/http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=UO3FM7GmVoaypCcUp6C98En3dPulsODi180I3dPulst6sO7J83QvM= |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]]
*[[All India Students Federation]]
*[[National Students Union of India]]
*[[Students Federation of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Student organisations in India]]

Patwar, Uttar Pradesh

2024-03-01T17:36:46Z

Bhargava1920: starting initial pg from scratch

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=February 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2023}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Patwar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = Patiwar
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|02|48.6|N|81|42|48.8|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1891
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1157
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 212106
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UP 70]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-UP]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Patwar''' <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title= Patwar Village District Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh) |url=https://prayagraj.nic.in/dhZ23|access-date=2023-06-05 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023}}</ref> is a village and [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Prayagraj district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It belongs to Prayagraj Division. [[Prayagraj]], [[Chitrakoot Dham (Karwi)|Chitrakoot]], [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]], and [[Varanasi]] are the closest cities to Patwar. It has an elevation of 145 m.

== Economy ==
This village all people are mainly dependent in agriculture.

== Notable people==
[[ Businessman | Vipin Singh]]

== Communication and internet ==
* Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited provides landline and broadband services.
* 2G and 4G mobile services are available.
*[[Fiber to the x|FTTH]] internet by Gram Panchayat National Broadband Network - [[Bharat Broadband Network|BBNL]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbnl.nic.in/actgps.aspx?langid=1&ls_id=9&l_id=9|title=BBNL, Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Govt. of India|website=www.bbnl.nic.in|access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref>
*Fibre based internet by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patwar FTTH|url=https://nikhil.pro/patwar-ftth|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Nikhil Sharma’s Blog|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BSNL FTTH|url=https://www.bsnl.co.in/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/services/landline/ftth_overview.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005122951/https://www.bsnl.co.in/opencms/bsnl/BSNL/services/landline/ftth_overview.html |archive-date=5 October 2020 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Prayagraj district]]