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Khufiya

2026-06-09T20:35:27Z

BethIlf498848137: small expanded section for clarity and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|2023 Indian thriller film by Vishal Bharadwaj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Khufiya poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| writer = Rohan Narula Vishal Bhardwaj
| based_on = {{Based on|''Escape to Nowhere''|Amar Bhushan}}
| producer = Vishal Bhardwaj [[Rekha Bhardwaj]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]|[[Ali Fazal]]|[[Wamiqa Gabbi]]|[[Azmeri Haque Badhon]]}}
| narrator =
| music = Vishal Bhardwaj
| cinematography = Farhad Ahmed Dehlvi
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = VB Pictures
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|10|05}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Khufiya''''' ({{translation|Secret}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[Spy fiction|spy thriller film]] written, produced, scored and directed by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]], based on Amar Bhushan's [[Espionage|espionage novel]] ''Escape to Nowhere.'' The film stars [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Ali Fazal]], [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] and [[Azmeri Haque Badhon]] (in her Hindi film debut). The film revolves around a [[Research and Analysis Wing]] operative who is assigned to track down a mole, who is selling defense secrets, while also grappling with her dual identity as a spy and lover.

Bhardwaj bought the rights for the novel in 2016 and wrote the script with [[Irrfan Khan]] in mind. However, with Khan's death in 2020, and other male actors rejecting the script, he rewrote it with a female protagonist and narrated it to Tabu, who accepted the role. The film was announced in September 2021 and principal photography commenced the following month and continued till April 2022, where it was shot predominantly in [[Delhi]] and [[Canada]]. It was filmed by Farhad Ahmed Delhvi and edited by [[A. Sreekar Prasad]].

''Khufiya'' was released on 5 October 2023 on [[Netflix]] to positive reviews from critics, praising the performances of the lead cast, screenplay and direction.

At the [[2024 Filmfare OTT Awards]], ''Khufiya'' received 3 nominations, including Best Actress in a Web Original Film (for Tabu) and Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film (for Fazal), and won Best Supporting Actress in a Web Original Film for Gabbi.

== Plot==
During the post-Kargil War period, Heena Rehman, who is a Bangladeshi woman supposed to be working for ISI, is killed by Bangladeshi defense minister Mirza at a party held at his house, after Mirza receives some information over the phone.

In India, Krishna "KM" Mehra, who is an operative at the [[Research & Analysis Wing]] is devastated to know of Heena's death because she used to be her lover for a brief time; Heena was in fact, working for RAW, part of which was to kill Mirza. km boss Jeev tells her that there is a mole in the RAW office who leaked the information leading to Heena's death. KM is assigned to track down this mole selling India's defense secrets. She establishes that RAW employee Ravi, whose lavish lifestyle does not match his income, must be the mole and suspects his wife Charu to be his partner in delivering secrets. KM and Jeev obtain permission to have Ravi's house electronically bugged. After some surveillance, they discover that Ravi is working for the CIA at his money-hungry mother's insistence, and that Charu is innocent.

In the meantime, Jeev discovers that Heena's death was caused not just due to Ravi leaking information to the CIA (who in turn leaked it to Mirza), but because the Minister of Home Affairs had to reveal that information to CIA to prevent the US from cancelling its nuclear deal with India. Despite being appalled that his boss let one of his assets die for keeping the nuclear deal, Jeev decides to keep this a secret to avoid further complications.

Meanwhile, Ravi discovers the cameras in his house and tries to flee along with his family. Charu is appalled to discover that Ravi is a double agent and refuses to accompany him and refuses to let him take away her son. Ravi's mother shoots Charu in the process but Charu survives as KM's team reaches there on time and gets her to the hospital. When Charu recovers, she understands that Ravi has taken their son with him and along with his mother, has sought refuge in the US. Charu begs KM to get her son back for her. KM trains Charu and sends her to the US. Charu discovers Ravi, his mother, and her son, and starts to blend back in to the family and make Ravi and his mother believe that she just wants to be with them.

KM's past with Heena is explored simultaneously in flashbacks : after spending time with her, Heena made romantic advances towards KM who initially rejected them believing she was straight, but soon realized despite learning about Heena's affiliations with ISI that she was indeed in love with Heena, causing her to discover and finally embrace her lesbian identity. Heena, to prove her love for KM, started working for RAW, gathering information from ISI as part of the plan. However, her plan to kill Mirza was foiled when Ravi leaked this information to the CIA, who in turn reported it to Mirza. KM has since been waiting to avenge her.

Ravi and his family, who are now living poor as refugees in the U.S. state of South Dakota, are given the opportunity by KM to return to India as heroes if they kill Brigadier Mirza. While Mirza is on a friendly visit to Ravi's home, Ravi, Charu, and Ravi's mother attempt to poison and kill him. But he senses a ploy and kills Ravi's mother. An angry Ravi hits Mirza's head against the wall and renders him unconscious. KM coerces the CIA's undercover psychiatric doctor who was acting as Ravi's handler, and Mirza's death is staged as an accidental death from a head injury caused by slipping in the bathtub of his hotel. The Mohan family is deported to India and begins anew. At Charu's advice, KM calls her estranged teenage son to reveal the reason for her divorce from his father – because she is a [[lesbian]].

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] as Krishna Mehra alias ''Ms.KM''
* [[Ali Fazal]] as [[Captain]] Ravi Devilal Mohan, son of the late [[Lt. Col]] Devilal Kantilal Mohan, an ex-Indian army officer
* [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] as Charu Ravi Mohan, Ravi's wife
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Jeev Bonda, Krishna's boss
* [[Atul Kulkarni]] as Shashank Kantilal Mehra, Krishna's ex-husband
* [[Navnindra Behl]] as Lalita Devilal Mohan, Ravi's mother
* [[Shataf Figar]] as Brigadier Saqlain Mirza, [[9th Infantry Division (Bangladesh)#Formation|9th artillery brigade]], Savar, [[Bangladesh Army]]
* [[Azmeri Haque Badhon]] as Heena Papon Rehman alias "Octopus" (Krishna's protége)
* [[Alexx O'Nell]] as Dr. David White
* [[Lalit Parimoo]] as Home Minister Narendra Devendra Mishra
* Rahul Vohra as Wasan Tumuk Shet
* Disney James as Kutty George
* [[Jan Graveson]] as Rachel McClane
* Meet Vohra as Vikram Shashank Mehra, Krishna's son
* Shashi Bhushan as Michael Michaels
* Monica Rae as Dr. David White's wife
* Rosabelle Folk as Rose White, Dr. David White's daughter
* [[Rahul Ram]] as His Holiness Adhunik Sant Shri. Yāra Baba aka Yāra Ji}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
Vishal Bhardwaj bought the rights to the [[espionage novel]] ''Escape to Nowhere'' by Amar Bhushan and had started working on it in 2016. Bhardwaj was keen on doing an espionage thriller as it was the "most juicy genre" due to its attention to detail and the scope it had for suspense elements.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Udita |date=2023-09-30 |title='An espionage thriller is the most juicy genre': Vishal Bhardwaj on 'Khufiya' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1056596/an-espionage-thriller-is-the-most-juicy-genre-vishal-bhardwaj-on-khufiya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106100525/https://scroll.in/reel/1056596/an-espionage-thriller-is-the-most-juicy-genre-vishal-bhardwaj-on-khufiya |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Bhardwaj took him nearly two years to prepare the first draft of the screenplay, which he finished in 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-08 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj says even with Tabu, it's difficult to raise money for films if you don't deliver hits like Rohit Shetty |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/vishal-bhardwaj-tabu-difficult-to-raise-money-for-film-khufiya-rohit-shetty-big-budget-101696741611975.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009021644/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/vishal-bhardwaj-tabu-difficult-to-raise-money-for-film-khufiya-rohit-shetty-big-budget-101696741611975.html |archive-date=2023-10-09 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Bhardwaj then narrated the script to [[Irrfan Khan]], but after his death in 2020, he then narrated to other male actors who rejected the script.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-04 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj reveals that he casts Tabu for 'Khufiya' after male actors he approached rejected the role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vishal-bhardwaj-reveals-that-he-casts-tabu-for-khufiya-after-male-actors-he-approached-rejected-the-role/articleshow/104160061.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007085420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vishal-bhardwaj-reveals-that-he-casts-tabu-for-khufiya-after-male-actors-he-approached-rejected-the-role/articleshow/104160061.cms |archive-date=2023-10-07 |access-date=2024-11-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj penned Khufiya for male actors and all declined: 'Aisi ki tesi sab male actors ki, my hero is Tabu' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/vishal-bhardwaj-penned-khufiya-for-male-actors-and-all-declined-aisi-ki-tesi-sab-male-actors-ki-my-hero-is-tabu-8967879/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011221815/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/vishal-bhardwaj-penned-khufiya-for-male-actors-and-all-declined-aisi-ki-tesi-sab-male-actors-ki-my-hero-is-tabu-8967879/ |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Vishal put the film's pre-production on hold, due to his shift in focusing on [[television series]], and had commissioned two projects for [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]]: one being an adaptation of the [[Salman Rushdie]]'s novel ''[[Midnight's Children]]'' and the other being based on the hijacking of [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> While the former was pulled out, even before the production was set to commence, works on the latter were halted indefinitely due to the controversy surrounding over [[Tandav (TV series)|''Tandav'']] (2021), which led the platform to revise streaming content.{{Efn|The series was later directed by [[Anubhav Sinha]] as ''[[IC 814: The Kandahar Hijack]]'' for Netflix.}} Bhardwaj then worked on an episode of the [[anthology series]] ''[[Modern Love Mumbai]]'' and directed the short film [[Fursat (film)|''Fursat'']] (2023) which was filmed on [[iPhone 14 Pro]].<ref name=":0" />

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Bhardwaj decided to rewrite the script to have a female protagonist.<ref name=":1" /> He then narrated it to [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] whom Bhardwaj shared a working relationship since 1995. Impressed by the narration, Tabu agreed to be a part of the film.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 September 2021 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj to direct spy thriller 'Khufiya' for Netflix |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vishal-bhardwaj-to-direct-spy-thriller-khufiya-for-netflix/article36489655.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501023755/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vishal-bhardwaj-to-direct-spy-thriller-khufiya-for-netflix/article36489655.ece |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film was announced on 25 September 2021 at the [[Tudum|Netflix Tudum]] event,<ref name=":3" /> and [[Ali Fazal]] and [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] were cast in primary roles with Bangladeshi actress [[Azmeri Haque Badhon]] making her Hindi film debut.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=20 September 2021 |title=Netflix announces thriller with Vishal Bharadwaj |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/netflix-announces-thriller-with-vishal-bharadwaj-11632112066274.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501092902/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/netflix-announces-thriller-with-vishal-bharadwaj-11632112066274.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=Mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=Azmeri Haque Badhon to make Bollywood debut with Vishal Bhardwaj's 'Khufia' |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/glitz/azmeri-haque-badhon-make-bollywood-debut-vishal-bhardwajs-khufia-315853 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107174745/https://www.tbsnews.net/glitz/azmeri-haque-badhon-make-bollywood-debut-vishal-bhardwajs-khufia-315853 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=Tabu, Ali Fazal to star in Vishal Bhardwaj thriller Khufiya: 'Expect nothing but sheer thrill' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/tabu-and-ali-fazal-to-star-in-vishal-bhardwaj-thriller-khufiya-expect-nothing-but-sheer-thrill-7511908/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501023755/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/tabu-and-ali-fazal-to-star-in-vishal-bhardwaj-thriller-khufiya-expect-nothing-but-sheer-thrill-7511908/ |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Gabbi was chosen for the role after sharing a similar working relationship with Bhardwaj, as "nobody wanted to play the young mother and I needed a person who would trust me blindly. I had a comfort with her and that’s why we did so many projects together."<ref name=":0" />

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began in October 2021 with a schedule in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2021 |title=Wamiqa Gabbi begins shooting for Vishal Bhardwaj's Khufiya in Delhi, watch video |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/wamiqa-gabbi-begins-shooting-vishal-bhardwajs-khufiya-delhi-watch-video/ |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711151442/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/wamiqa-gabbi-begins-shooting-vishal-bhardwajs-khufiya-delhi-watch-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=PHOTO: Ali Fazal shares first look of his character from Vishal Bhardwaj's 'Khufiya' featuring Tabu |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/photo-ali-fazal-shares-first-look-his-character-vishal-bhardwaj-s-khufiya-featuring-tabu-914062 |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017184546/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/photo-ali-fazal-shares-first-look-his-character-vishal-bhardwaj-s-khufiya-featuring-tabu-914062 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite being interrupted due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|second wave of COVID-19 pandemic]], the second schedule began filming in February 2022 and completed that March.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-08 |title=Tabu wraps second schedule of 'Khufiya' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/tabu-wraps-second-schedule-of-khufiya/articleshow/90075048.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311174522/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/tabu-wraps-second-schedule-of-khufiya/articleshow/90075048.cms |archive-date=2022-03-11 |access-date=2024-11-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film's third and final schedule commenced from April 2022 in [[Canada]] and completed that very same month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ali Fazal, Tabu jet off to Canada for 'Khufiya' final schedule |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/apr/01/ali-fazal-tabu-jet-off-to-canada-for-khufiya-final-schedule-2436790.html |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=The New Indian Express |date=April 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501092902/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/apr/01/ali-fazal-tabu-jet-off-to-canada-for-khufiya-final-schedule-2436790.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=Ali Fazal and Tabu head to Canada for the final schedule of Vishal Bharadwaj's 'Khufiya' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ali-fazal-and-tabu-head-to-canada-for-the-final-schedule-of-vishal-bharadwajs-khufiya-10506121.html |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501092902/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ali-fazal-and-tabu-head-to-canada-for-the-final-schedule-of-vishal-bharadwajs-khufiya-10506121.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=Tabu and Ali Fazal to fly to Canada for the final schedule of Vishal Bharadwaj's Khufiya |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tabu-ali-fazal-fly-canada-final-schedule-vishal-bharadwajs-khufiya/ |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502170755/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tabu-ali-fazal-fly-canada-final-schedule-vishal-bharadwajs-khufiya/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Post-production works took place for more than a year, resulted in the film's delayed release.<ref name=":0" />

=== Differences from the novel ===

* In the novel, the main [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] officer is a male, but the film had a female officer playing the protagonist.<ref name=":0" />
* The film featured a personal story for the protagonist, as according to Bhardwaj, "when we watch a story, we are affected by emotions and a journey happens inside us. When we connect with the emotion of the character we are watching, then our own emotional journey begins."<ref name=":0" /> The personal story arc was co-written by Bhardwaj with Rohan Narula.<ref name=":0" />
* The book did not have a third act, but Bhardwaj written a third which started where the book ends.<ref name=":0" />

The story has an eerie resemblance to a real-life spy [[Rabinder Singh (intelligence officer)|Rabinder Singh]] of R&AW and his shifting to New Jersey in early 2010s. Rabinder Singh died in a road accident after spending all his monies and not having a job.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 2023 |title=Does US Charge in Pannun Case Show Double Standard? A Look at How CIA Hoodwinked RAW's Rabinder Singh |url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/does-us-charge-in-pannun-case-show-double-standard-a-look-at-how-cia-hoodwinked-raws-rabinder-singh-8682739.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211191233/https://www.news18.com/explainers/does-us-charge-in-pannun-case-show-double-standard-a-look-at-how-cia-hoodwinked-raws-rabinder-singh-8682739.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=News18}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Khufiya (soundtrack)}}
The music of the film is composed by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]], with lyrics by Bhardwaj, [[Gulzar]], and Sufi poems from [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan]] and [[Kabir]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2023 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj, Ali Fazal unveil 'Khufiya's' music album ahead of premiere |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/vishal-bhardwaj-ali-fazal-unveil-khufiyas-music-album-ahead-of-premiere-2441758-2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928223001/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/vishal-bhardwaj-ali-fazal-unveil-khufiyas-music-album-ahead-of-premiere-2441758-2023-09-28 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=Khufiya (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/khufiya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1709071062 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011145309/https://music.apple.com/us/album/khufiya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1709071062 |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=8 September 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> The album was launched at the Raaz Aur Saaz: Khufiya Musical Night event on 7 September 2023, with the presence of the cast members and fans, and featured live performances from Bhardwaj, [[Rekha Bhardwaj]] and [[Sunidhi Chauhan]].<ref name=":4" /> Their performances were compiled into a four-song live album that released two weeks later.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Vishal |date=2023-09-21 |title=Khufiya Live (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/khufiya-live-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1718527638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122061955/https://music.apple.com/in/album/khufiya-live-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1718527638 |archive-date=2024-11-22 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Apple Music}}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==
In September 2021, a [[Teaser (trailer)|short clip of the film]] was released from ''[[Tudum|Netflix Tudum: A Global Fan Event]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Netflix's 'Tudum': Watch these clips and reveals from the global fan event |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1006219/netflixs-tudum-sneak-peeks-and-clips-from-the-global-fan-event |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=Scroll.in |date=26 September 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106164646/https://scroll.in/reel/1006219/netflixs-tudum-sneak-peeks-and-clips-from-the-global-fan-event |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's official trailer was launched on 1 September 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Khufiya trailer: Tabu, Ali Fazal and Wamiqa Gabbi trapped in fight between traitor and spies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/khufiya-trailer-tabu-ali-fazal-and-wamiqa-gabbi-8944894/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924055353/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/khufiya-trailer-tabu-ali-fazal-and-wamiqa-gabbi-8944894/ |archive-date=2023-09-24 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-01 |title='Khufiya' trailer: Ali Fazal and Tabu play a perilous game of hide-and-seek |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/khufiya-trailer-ali-fazal-and-tabu-play-a-perilous-game-of-hide-and-seek/article67320688.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082318/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/khufiya-trailer-ali-fazal-and-tabu-play-a-perilous-game-of-hide-and-seek/article67320688.ece |archive-date=2023-09-27 |access-date=2024-11-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film was released on 5 October 2023 through [[Netflix]].<ref name="realease date">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj's Khufiya starring Tabu, Ali Fazal and Wamiqa Gabbi to release on October 5 on Netflix |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vishal-bhardwajs-khufiya-starring-tabu-ali-fazal-wamiqa-gabbi-release-october-5-netflix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929175121/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vishal-bhardwajs-khufiya-starring-tabu-ali-fazal-wamiqa-gabbi-release-october-5-netflix/ |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

== Reception ==
On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 59% of 17 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.7/10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khufiya {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/khufiya |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "Director Vishal Bhardwaj does not appear to be at full tilt in ''Khufiya''. The way he treats the intricacies of espionage and its human dimensions—he keeps it simple and direct, eschewing the gratuitously flashy—lends the film sustained solidity."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/khufiya-review-vishal-bhardwaj-keeps-gripping-spy-thriller-simple-and-direct-3-5-stars-4452079|title=Khufiya Review: Vishal Bhardwaj Keeps Gripping Spy Thriller Simple And Direct|first=Saibal|last= Chatterjee |date=5 October 2023 |publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref> Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and said "The fictional take on a novel said to be inspired by true events tells an engaging spy story. But it’s also the heartbreaking portrayal of personal loss that will strike a chord with the viewer, as the interesting characters and events keep one hooked until the end."<ref>{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Dhaval |date=5 October 2023 |title=Khufiya Review: This Espionage Thriller is as Heart-rending as Intriguing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/khufiya/ottmoviereview/104180095.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025143706/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/khufiya/ottmoviereview/104180095.cms |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Himesh Mankad of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' wrote "Khufiya is a well-made espionage, which comes across as an interesting and entertaining film from Vishal Bhardwaj."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mankad |first=Himesh |date=2023-10-05 |title=Khufiya Movie Review: Tabu and Ashish Vidyarthi steal the show in Vishal Bhardwaj's espionage thriller |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-and-ashish-vidyarthi-steal-the-show-in-vishal-bhardwajs-espionage-thriller-1248486 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020023316/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-and-ashish-vidyarthi-steal-the-show-in-vishal-bhardwajs-espionage-thriller-1248486 |archive-date=2023-10-20 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>

Anuj Kumar wrote in ''[[The Hindu]]'' that "Powered by the poetic charm of his female leads, the writer-composer-director paints a haunting character study of three emotionally conflicted women caught in the crosshairs of espionage."<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=5 October 2023 |title='Khufiya' movie review: Vishal Bhardwaj conjures up a soulful human drama in the guise of a spy thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/khufiya-movie-review-vishal-bhardwaj-conjures-up-a-soulful-human-drama-in-the-guise-of-a-spy-thriller/article67383848.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913080941/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/khufiya-movie-review-vishal-bhardwaj-conjures-up-a-soulful-human-drama-in-the-guise-of-a-spy-thriller/article67383848.ece |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' praised Tabu's performance, stating "Even in the silliest of scenes, Tabu is always poised for something better."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2023-10-05 |title='Khufiya' review: Mole hunt thriller runs out of steam |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1056952/khufiya-review-smoke-out-the-spook-thriller-runs-out-of-gas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227035247/https://scroll.in/reel/1056952/khufiya-review-smoke-out-the-spook-thriller-runs-out-of-gas |archive-date=2023-12-27 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Shreya Tinkhede of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated three out of five stars, saying "''Khufiya'' is a sincere attempt by Vishal Bhardwaj to paint the dark and gruesome world of espionage with meticulous attention to detail."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinkhede |first=Shreya |date=2023-10-05 |title=Khufiya Movie Review: Tabu's Kohled Eyes And Witty Smile Do Much More Than Spying |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-kohled-eyes-and-witty-smile-do-much-more-than-spying-ali-fazal-wamiqa-gabbi-imdb-rating-public-reaction-review-104165383 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015044826/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-kohled-eyes-and-witty-smile-do-much-more-than-spying-ali-fazal-wamiqa-gabbi-imdb-rating-public-reaction-review-104165383 |archive-date=2023-10-15 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

[[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' said "''Khufiya'' has the length of a movie and satisfaction of long form. Some of its most beguiling sequences exude the charisma of standalone short."<ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=5 October 2023 |title=Khufiya Review: Gripping Spy Drama |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/khufiya-review/20231005.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013171815/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/khufiya-review/20231005.htm |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "''Khufiya'' is an intense combination of suspense and complexity."<ref>{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Lachmi Deb |date=5 October 2023 |title=Vishal Bhardwaj & Tabu's Khufiya Movie Review: Not just a spy thriller, but an emotional drama too |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vishal-bhardwaj-tabus-khufiya-movie-review-not-just-a-spy-thriller-but-an-emotional-drama-too-netflix-13204182.html#:~:text=Khufiya%20is%20an%20intense%20combination,of%20each%20and%20every%20character. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016131828/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vishal-bhardwaj-tabus-khufiya-movie-review-not-just-a-spy-thriller-but-an-emotional-drama-too-netflix-13204182.html |archive-date=16 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |publisher=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Simon Abrams of ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' rated 3 stars out of 4 and wrote "''Khufiya'' isn't a deconstruction of the spy thriller, but it does blatantly re-orient viewers to what's often missing or downplayed in stories about spies, many of whom are presented as solitary little wheels who work for big organizations that could stop needing them at a moment's notice [...] Bhardwaj and his collaborators show respect for that guiding spirit of professionalism by only suggesting what various characters either aren't saying or aren't ready to admit to themselves."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abrams |first=Simon |date=2023-10-05 |title=Khufiya movie review & film summary (2023) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/khufiya-movie-review-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014223329/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/khufiya-movie-review-2023 |archive-date=2023-10-14 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=RogerEbert.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

In contrast, Prannay Pathak of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "The film manages to tie up its own contrivances to a tidy enough end, with some humour. But it doesn’t linger in the mind, despite the grim exhortations of its whistling background score."<ref>{{cite web |last=Pathak |first=Prannay |date=5 October 2023 |title=Khufiya review: Vishal Bhardwaj's latest Tabu-starrer is a prized asset-turned-liability |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/khufiya-review-vishal-bharadwajs-latest-tabu-starrer-is-a-prized-assetturnedliability-101696486392916.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106213146/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/khufiya-review-vishal-bharadwajs-latest-tabu-starrer-is-a-prized-assetturnedliability-101696486392916.html |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 2 out of 5 stars and summarized "Despite the top-notch acting talent headed by the peerless Tabu, and Bhardwaj’s manifest skill in creating atmosphere which includes lashes of unexpected humour, ‘Khufiya’ remains, at best, a mixed bag, more drab than fab."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=6 October 2023 |title=Khufiya movie review: Tabu, Ali Fazal film is more drab than fab |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-ali-fazal-film-is-more-drab-than-fab-8969566/}}</ref> Rahul Desai of ''[[Film Companion]]'' gave a mixed review, stating "Khufiya doesn’t need to be even. But it stops short of embracing its oddity."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=2023-10-05 |title=Khufiya Review: Spy Drama with Tabu and Wamiqa Gabbi Swings Between Watchable and Wayward |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/khufiya-review-spy-drama-with-tabu-and-wamiqa-gabbi-swings-between-watchable-and-wayward |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724020212/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/khufiya-review-spy-drama-with-tabu-and-wamiqa-gabbi-swings-between-watchable-and-wayward |archive-date=2024-07-24 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Film Companion |language=en}}</ref> Anvita Singh of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 and wrote "After its sparkling painting-like initial frame, 'Khufiya', sadly, remains a blur throughout."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Anvita |date=2023-10-05 |title=Khufiya Movie Review: Tabu, Ali Fazal star in a spy-thriller without the thrills |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/showbuzz/reviews/story/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-ali-fazal-star-in-a-spy-thriller-without-the-thrills-vishal-bhardwaj-movie-2443797-2023-10-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011140310/https://www.indiatoday.in/showbuzz/reviews/story/khufiya-movie-review-tabu-ali-fazal-star-in-a-spy-thriller-without-the-thrills-vishal-bhardwaj-movie-2443797-2023-10-05 |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Award
! scope="col" |Date of the ceremony
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Recipients
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |[[2024 Filmfare OTT Awards|1 December 2024]]
|Best Actress in a Web Original Film
|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2024: Kareena Kapoor, Diljit Dosanjh Bag Top Honours. Here's The Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/filmfare-ott-awards-2024-kareena-kapoor-diljit-dosanjh-bag-top-honours-heres-the-full-list-of-winners-7152011 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film
|[[Ali Fazal]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actress in a Web Original Film
|[[Wamiqa Gabbi]]
|{{won}}
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15433600}}
* {{Netflix title}}

{{Vishal Bhardwaj}}
{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:2023 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:Indian spy thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]
[[Category:Indian lesbian-related films]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vishal Bhardwaj]]

Shruti Mishra

2026-05-07T01:06:33Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{Short description|Indian badminton player (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Shruti Mishra
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2002|08|13}}
| birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Deep |first=Sharad |date=2022-04-22 |title=From disliking badminton to making the Indian squad, Shruti's steady rise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/badminton/from-disliking-badminton-to-making-the-indian-squad-shruti-s-steady-rise-101650639755914.html |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
| handedness =
| years_active =
| coach = Pradeep Raju<ref name="x528">{{cite web | last=Subrahmanyam | first=V. V. | title=Shruti Mishra, Priya Konjengbam are future India stars in doubles" Coach Pradeep Raju | website=Sportstar | date=1 January 2024 | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/coach-pradeep-raju-says-shruti-mishra-priya-konjengbam-are-future-india-stars-in-doubles/article67694874.ece | access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref>
| event = Women's and mixed doubles
| career_record =
| highest_ranking = 37 (WD with [[Priya Konjengbam]], 13 May 2025) 74 (XD with [[Ayush Agarwal]], 5 August 2025)
| date_of_highest_ranking =
| current_ranking = 47 (WD with Priya Konjengbam) 184 (XD with Ayush Agarwal)
| date_of_current_ranking = 5 May 2026
| medal_templates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[badminton]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Badminton Asia Team Championships|Asia Team Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships|2024 Selangor]]| Women's team}}
| bwfbadminton_id = 57265
}}

'''Shruti Mishra''' (born 13 August 2002) is an Indian [[badminton]] player.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/57265/shruti-mishra |title=Shruti Mishra {{!}} Profile |website=Badminton World Federation |access-date=2024-09-15}}</ref> She is affiliated with Suchitra Badminton Academy.<ref name="x528"/>

She was part of the Indian women's team that won gold at the [[2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships]].<ref name="g002">{{cite web | last=Nag | first=Utathya | title=Badminton Asia Team Championships 2024: India women win title | website=Olympics.com | date=18 February 2024 | url=https://olympics.com/en/news/badminton-asia-team-championships-2024-india-final-results | access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref> She was also part of India's [[2022 Thomas & Uber Cup|2022]]<ref name=":0"/> and [[2024 Thomas & Uber Cup|2024 Uber Cup]] squad.<ref name="h853">{{cite web | title=Uber Cup 2024: Indian women's team beats Singapore in second group match, confirms quarterfinal spot | website=Sportstar | date=28 April 2024 | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/uber-cup-badminton-2024-india-womens-team-wins-vs-singapore-highlights-result-ashmita-priya-shruti-news/article68116921.ece | access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref>

== Background ==
Mishra was born on 13 August 2002 in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. At the age of six, she began training at [[K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow]] after being forced to play badminton by her father. She initially disliked the sport, but it eventually became her passion.<ref name=":0"/>

== Career ==
In 2019, Mishra won her first international title at the Bulgarian Junior International in August.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-08-11 |title=Indian junior shuttlers win 3 gold, a silver and 2 bronze at Bulgarian Open |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/indian-junior-shuttlers-win-3-gold-a-silver-and-2-bronze-at-bulgarian-open/article28983874.ece |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Sportstar}}</ref> In early 2022, she was the women's doubles runner-up at the [[2022 Odisha Open]] with [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=Unnati Hooda, Kiran George win Odisha Open titles; Unnati youngest Indian to win Super 100 tournament |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/odisha-open-unnati-hooda-claims-womens-singles-title-becomes-youngest-indian-to-win-super-100-tournament/articleshow/89219244.cms |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In October 2023, she reached the final of [[India International Challenge|India International]] in Bengaluru, finishing as the runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-10-29 |title=India International Challenge: Sathish, Isharani win men's and women's singles titles |url=https://thebridge.in/badminton/sathish-karunakaran-isharani-baruah-win-india-international-challenge-44580 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=The Bridge}}</ref> A few months later, she and partner [[Priya Konjengbam]] became the women's doubles national champions after winning the 2023 National Badminton Championships.<ref name="p101">{{cite web | title=National Badminton Championships 2023: Get winners list | website=Olympics.com | date=24 December 2023 | url=https://olympics.com/en/news/national-badminton-championships-2023-india-final-results-winners-list | access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref>

==Achievements==
===World Tour (1 runner-up)===
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |last=Alleyne |first=Gayle |title=BWF Launches New Events Structure |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |date=19 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201164159/http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]] (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sukumar |first=Dev |title=Action-Packed Season Ahead! |url=http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113162925/http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |archive-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | [[2022 Odisha Open#Finals 4|2022]]
| align="left" | [[Odisha Open]]
| align="left" | Super 100
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Treesa Jolly]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| align="left" | 12–21, 10–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

===International Challenge / Series (2 titles, 2 runners-up)===
''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2023 (I)
| align="left" | [[India International Challenge|India International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Miku Shigeta]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maya Taguchi]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 18–21, 15–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024 (I)
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Priya Konjengbam
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Varshini Viswanath Sri]]
| align="left" | 21–18, 21–13
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2025 (II)
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Priya Konjengbam
| align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Hathaithip Mijad]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Napapakorn Tungkasatan]]
| align="left" | 16–21, 16–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2026
| align="left" | [[Uganda International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H.V.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Srinidhi Narayanan]]
| align="left" | 13–21, 21–19, 1–0 (retired)
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

===Junior International (1 title)===
''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#C6D4E1"
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Bulgarian Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Edwin Joy]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Brandon Yap]] {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Abbygael Harris]]
| align="left" | 21–14, 21–17
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#AE9C45|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
: {{Color box|#C6D4E1|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
: {{Color box|#BDB8AD|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Series tournament
: {{Color box|#EBE7E0|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior Future Series tournament

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{BWF|30D92C9F-0408-48C4-9065-AAABA36EEA99}}
*{{BWF2|57265}}

{{Footer Asian Champions Badminton Team Women}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Shruti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian national badminton champions]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Sahara Movie Studios

2026-05-06T16:16:56Z

BethIlf498848137: created a post

{{short description|Indian film production and distribution firm}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sahara Movie Studios
| logo = Sahara-Movie_studios.jpeg
| logo_size =
| logo_padding =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]]
| former_names = Sahara One Motion Pictures Sahara Motion Pictures
| foundation = {{start date and age|2004|08|13}}
| defunct = {{end date and age|2014|11|05}}
| key_people = Sandeep Bhargava(COO) [[Subrata Roy]] (CEO)
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], India
| parent = [[Sahara India Pariwar]]
| products = Motion Pictures
| services = Production, Distribution
and Marketing of Films
| industry = [[Entertainment]]
}}

'''Sahara Movie Studios''' or also known as ('''Sahara One Motion Pictures''' or '''Sahara Motion Pictures''') was a film production company.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sahara film unit to release animation film 'Hanuman' on 21 October|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/oct/oct50.htm?amp|work=Indiantelevision|date=5 October 2005 |accessdate=5 October 2005}}</ref> They produced some films till 2004 to 2014. This company was owned by [[Sahara India Pariwar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sahara-One Motion Pictures to invest Rs 300 crore across 40 films in '05|work=afaqs|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/12090_sahara-one-motion-pictures-to-invest-rs-300-crore-across-40-films-in-05|date=22 July 2005|accessdate=21 June 2021}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films produced===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" | Ref
|-
|rowspan="9"|2004
|-
|''[[Sheen (film)|Sheen]]''
|[[Ashoke Pandit]]
|Based on the [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]], released and produced as Sahara India Mass Communications Ltd.
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sheen-music-moves-pandits-in-the-valley/articleshow/419243.cms|title='Sheen' music moves Pandits in the Valley | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2004 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...]]''
| [[Samir Karnik]]
| Co-produced by [[Boney Kapoor]], debut Hindi film of [[Kajal Aggarwal]].||<ref>{{cite news|title=Kajal Aggarwal: Not doing Bollywood just for the heck of it|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kajal-aggarwal-not-doing-bollywood-just-for-the-heck-of-it/17051162|access-date=19 April 2018|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Run (2004 film)|Run]]''
| [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]]
| Remake of Tamil film ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web | title=rediff.com: Abhishek, Bhoomika: On the run! | url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/may/06sld6.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040601222736/http://specials.rediff.com:80/movies/2004/may/06sld6.htm | access-date=2025-02-01 | archive-date=2004-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/may/12bhoomika.htm|title = Bhoomika runs for Abhishek!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Run Review 1/5 {{!}} Run Movie Review {{!}} Run 2004 Public Review {{!}} Film Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/run-2/critic-review/run-2-movie-review/|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 May 2004 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>
|-
|''Hanan: An Assault on Faith''
|[[Makarand Deshpande]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title=So says Makrand…|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/So-says-Makrand%E2%80%A6/article16851656.ece/amp?|work=Thehindu|date=5 December 2009 |accessdate=5 December 2009}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gayab]]''
|[[Prawaal Raman]]
|Remade in Tamil as ''[[Jithan]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0414040/|title=Gayab (2004)|author=AishFan|date=16 July 2004|work=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/16gayab.htm|title=Gayab: 15 reels of invisible entertainment!|work=rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naach]]''
|[[Ram Gopal Varma]]
|Produced by [[Chitra Subramaniam]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/nov/11naach.htm |title=Naach: Main Urmila banna chahti hoon |publisher=[[Rediff]]}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Inteqam: The Perfect Game]]''
|[[Pankaj Parashar]]
|Produced by Ranjeet Shah
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Inteqam-is-no-game-at-all/articleshow/904177.cms |title='Inteqam' is no game at all |date=29 October 2004 |newspaper=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Phir Milenge (2004 film)|Phir Milenge]]''
|[[Revathi]]
|Inspired from the Hollywood movie ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shilpa-shetty-says-maybe-i-wasn-t-a-good-actor-never-got-an-award-even-after-dhadkan-or-phir-milenge/story-v3f4CJWs7aeX69exZocLuN.html|title=Shilpa Shetty says, 'Maybe I wasn't a good actor, never got an award even after Dhadkan or Phir Milenge'|date=2019-03-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="16"|2005
|''[[Home Delivery]]''
|[[Sujoy Ghosh]]
|Produced by [[Shabbir Boxwala]]||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=040706115730 | title=Home Delivery - movie review by Shahid Khan - Planet Bollywood }}</ref>
|-
|''Film Star''
|[[Tanuja Chandra]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Film Star|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/film-star-9800|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124114631/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/film-star-9800|url-status=live|archive-date=24 January 2021|work=Cinestaan|access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bachke Rehna Re Baba]]''
|[[Govind Menon]]
|Produced by Vijay Galani||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050704-film-review-bachke-rehna-re-baba-starring-rekha-paresh-rawal-mallika-sherawat-788693-2005-07-04|title=Film review: 'Bachke Rehna Re Baba', starring Rekha, Paresh Rawal, Mallika Sherawat|first=Anupama|last=Chopra|date=4 July 2005|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bach-ke-rehna-re-baba/critic-review/bach-ke-rehna-re-baba-movie-review/|title=Bach Ke Rehna Re Baba Review 2/5 | Bach Ke Rehna Re Baba Movie Review | Bach Ke Rehna Re Baba 2005 Public Review | Film Review|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=17 June 2005 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[No Entry]]''
|[[Anees Bazmee]]
|Remake of Tamil movie ''[[Charlie Chaplin (2002 film)|Charlie Chaplin]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|access-date=17 June 2012|work=Bollywood Hungama|title=No Entry is no remake of Masti|date=6 October 2004|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1218984|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220539/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1218984|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pyaar Mein Twist]]''
|[[Hriday Shetty]]
|Based on 2003 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Preethi Prema Pranaya]]''
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Pyaar Mein Twist|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/pyaar-mein-twist/articleshow/1220500.cms|work=m.timesofindia|date=5 September 2005 |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pehchaan: The Face of Truth]]''
|[[Shrabani Deodhar]]
|Released in [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Pehchaan: The Face of Truth: Movie Review|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/pehchaan-the-face-of-truth-9886|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127035924/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/pehchaan-the-face-of-truth-9886|url-status=live|archive-date=27 January 2021|work=Cinestaan|access-date=24 June 2005}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yahaan]]''
|[[Shoojit Sircar]]
|Produced by Sahara Movie Studios and Red Ice Films
Star Screen Award for Best Lyrics (Won) - "Naam Adaa Likhna" ([[Gulzar]])
[[Star Screen Award for Best Film]] - Robby Grewal
[[Star Screen Award for Best Director]] - [[Shoojit Sircar]]
[[Star Screen Award for Best Actress]] - [[Minnisha Lamba]]
Star Screen Award for Playback Singer Male - "Naam Adaa Likhna" ([[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]])
Star Screen Award for Playback Singer Female - "Naam Adaa Likhna" ([[Shreya Ghoshal]])
[[Screen Award for Best Lyricist]] - "Naam Adaa Likhna" ([[Gulzar]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/yahaan-first-film-shot-in-real-kashmir_230887.html |title=Yahaan: First film shot in 'real' Kashmir |date=25 July 2005 |publisher=[[Zee News]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[My Wife's Murder]]''
|Jiji Philip
|Remake of the 2004 Telugu film ''[[Madhyanam Hathya]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=041206045806|title=My Wife's Murder - movie review by Shahid Khan - Planet Bollywood|website=Planetbollywood.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/19raja.htm|title=My Wife's Murder makes you think|website=Rediff.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jo Bole So Nihaal (film)|Jo Bole So Nihaal]]''
|[[Rahul Rawail]]
|Released in [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]], and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. Debut film of singer Kamaal Khan
|<ref>{{cite news |date=24 May 2005 |title=Blasts end reel life for Sunny film: Jo Bole So Nihaal struck off theatres after protests |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050524/asp/jamshedpur/story_4778737.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521092851/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050524/asp/jamshedpur/story_4778737.asp |archive-date=May 21, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|''[[D (film)|D]]''
|[[Vishram Sawant]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|author1=Agencies|title=RGV paid me for 4 years to not work with anyone: Randeep |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rgv-paid-me-for-4-years-to-not-work-with-anyone-randeep/story-qGkj5peq2UrtuKDYw1L8qN.html |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=26 April 2016|location=New Delhi|date=23 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]''
|[[Dharmesh Darshan]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050314-film-review-bewafaa-starring-anil-kapoor-akshay-kumar-kareena-kapoor-788261-2005-03-14 | title=Film review: 'Bewafaa' starring Anil Kapoor, Akshay Kumar, Kareena Kapoor | date=14 March 2005 }}</ref>
|-
|''Tum... Ho Na''
|NS Raj Bharath
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tum...Ho Na (2005) - Movie Review|work=Cinestaan|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/tum-ho-na-9901|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126014311/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/tum-ho-na-9901|url-status=live|archive-date=26 November 2020|date=12 June 2005|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hanuman (2005 film)|Hanuman]]''
|V. G. Samant
|Produced by [[Percept Picture Company]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Hanuman is good fun|work=Rediff|url=https://reddif.com/movies/2005/oct/21hanuman.htm|date=28 October 2005|accessdate=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[99.9 FM (film)|99.9 FM - Nothing is 100%]]''
|[[Sanjay Bhatia]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/534684 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103101837/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/534684 | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 November 2013 | title=99.9 FM (2005) Box office collections | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=2005 | access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|''[[James (2005 film)|James]]''
|[[Rohit Jugraj]]
|
|<ref>"New action hero", ''[[The Hindu]]'', 2005-09-15.</ref><ref>Kumar, Anju. "Dreams need an introduction too", ''[[The Hindu]]'', 2005-11-18.</ref>
|-
|''Hum Jo Keh Na Paaye''
|Vikas Desai
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Hum Jo Keh Na Paaye|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jo-jo-moda-na-padta|work=Rottentomatoes|accessdate=12 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="12"|2006
|''[[Malamaal Weekly]]''
|[[Priyadarshan]]
|Remake of 1998 Hollywood film [[Waking Ned]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Malamaal Weekly - Movie|work=Boxofficeindia|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?|date=13 March 2006|accessdate=11 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tathastu]]''
|[[Anubhav Sinha]]
|Based on the 2002 Hollywood movie ''[[John Q.]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tathastu: Nothing to talk about|work=Rediff|url=https://rediff.com/movies/2006/may/12tat.htm|date=12 May 2006|accessdate=27 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sacred Evil - A True Story]]'' Gehra Paani In Hindi (English Film)
|[[Abhigyan Jha]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarika In Sacred Evil/Gehra Paani|work=indiaglitz|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sarika-in-sacred-evilgehra-pani-hindi-news-22177|date=15 May 2006|accessdate=22 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Katputtli]]''
|Sanjay Khanna
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Katputtli - Movie|work=Boxofficeindia|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?|date=20 August 2021|accessdate=28 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bas Ek Pal]]''
|[[Onir]]
|Based on the 1997 Spanish film [[Live Flesh (film)|Live Flesh]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bas Ek Pal Review|work=bollywoodmantra|url=https://www.bollywoodmantra.com/movie-review/bas-ek-pal/|date=12 September 2006|accessdate=29 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Darna Zaroori Hai]]''
|[[Satish Kaushik]], [[Ram Gopal Varma]], [[Prawaal Raman]], Vivek Shah, Jiji Philip, [[J. D. Chakravarthy]], [[Manish Gupta (director)|Manish Gupta]]
|Anthology film
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Darna Zaroori Hai Story|work=indiaforums|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/movie/darna-zaroori-hai_2968/story|date=12 June 2006|accessdate=28 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Banaras: A Mystic Love Story]]''
|[[Pankaj Parashar]]
|
|{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
|-
|''Ladies Tailor''
|Udhyakanth
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ladies Tailor: Movie Review|work=timesofindia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/ladies-tailor/movieshow/61352125.cms|date=31 Oct 2006|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dor (film)|Dor]]''
|[[Nagesh Kukunoor]]
|Based on the 2004 Malayalam movie ''[[Perumazhakkalam]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Dor Movie Review|work=indiaglitz|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/dor-review-hindi-movie-8736|date=10 September 2006|accessdate=20 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sandwich (2006 film)|Sandwich: Double Trouble]]''
|[[Anees Bazmee]]
|Remade in Kannada as ''[[Double Decker (2011 film)|Double Decker]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandwich review|work=indiaglitz|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sandwich-tamil-movie-review-8539|date=21 November 2006|accessdate=12 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Prateeksha''
|[[Basu Chatterjee]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Prateeksha (2006): Movie Review|work=radiotimes|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/film/ybdwm/prateeksha/|date=25 December 2006|accessdate=21 June 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185826/https://www.radiotimes.com/film/ybdwm/prateeksha/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''The Truck of Dreams''
|Arun Kumar
|Marathi Movie
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The Truck of Dreams: Movie Review|work=cinestaan|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/the-truck-of-dreams-21037|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808172206/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/the-truck-of-dreams-21037|url-status=live|archive-date=8 August 2020|date=28 January 2006|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2007
|''[[Strangers (2007 Hindi film)|Strangers]]''
|[[Aanand L. Rai]]
|Based on the 1951 [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s Hollywood movie ''[[Strangers on a Train (film)|Strangers on a Train]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Strangers|work=Hindustantimes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-strangers/story-yWc6icpoUBIn88xDkHaOtK.html|date=15 December 2007|accessdate=28 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Kaisay Kahein...''
|Mohit Hussein
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaisay Kahein Movie: Review|work=Bollywoodhungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/Kaisey-Kahein|date=22 July 2007|accessdate=28 June 2021}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|''Deha''
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Deha (2007) Movie Review|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/deha-10303|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709203707/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/deha-10303|url-status=live|archive-date=9 July 2021|date=16 October 2007|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2008
|''[[EMI (film)|EMI: Liya Hai Toh Chukana Padega!]]''
|Saurabh Kabra
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=EMI: Liya Hai Toh Chukna Padenga (2008) - Review|work=cinestaan|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/emi-liya-hai-toh-chukna-padenga-10433|date=20 October 2008|accessdate=20 June 2021}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mumbai Cutting]]''
|[[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Sudhir Mishra]], [[Rahul Dholakia]], [[Kundan Shah]], [[Revathy]], [[Jahnu Barua]], [[Rituparno Ghosh]], [[Shashanka Ghosh]], [[Ruchi Narain]], Ayush Raina, [[Manish Jha (director)|Manish Jha]]
| Anthology film
|<ref name="hi">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200807210342.htm|title='Mumbai Cutting' brings curtains on Osian's film fete|date=21 July 2008|work=The Hindu|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=6 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106062256/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200807210342.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Cutting: Movie Review|work=timesofindia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mumbai-cutting/movieshow/61237876.cms|date=11 June 2008|access-date=30 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves]]''
|[[Eeshwar Nivas]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves Box Office Collection|work=Bollywoodhungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/my-name-is-anthony-gonsalves/box-office/page/57746/|date=13 February 2008|accessdate=30 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2011
|''[[Kaccha Limboo]]''
|[[Sagar Ballary]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaccha Limboo: Movie Review|work=timesofindia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kaccha-limboo-movie-review/articleshow/7508719.cms|date=23 December 2011|access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2012
|''[[Teen Yaari Katha]]''
|[[Sudeshna Roy]]
|Bengali Film
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Yaari Katha|work=Thetelegraphindia|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/teen-yaari-katha/cid/419287|date=25 May 2012|accessdate=27 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014
|''[[Bhopal: A Prayer for Rain]]''
|Ravi Kumar
|Based on the [[Bhopal Disaster]] at 1984 in [[Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh]], released in [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhopal A Prayer For Rain review: it's heart wrenching grave film you must watch|work=hindustantimes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/bhopal-a-prayer-for-rain-review-it-s-heart-wrenching-grave-film-you-must-watch/story-Gm9d4AxyNrVozSB2aKUmTP.html|date=25 December 2014|accessdate=21 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Familywala]]''
|[[Neeraj Vora]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Familywala Movie Review|work=Nowrunning|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3783/bollywood.hindi/familywala/index.htm|date=24 June 2014|accessdate=29 June 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Films distributed ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Production Company
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" | Ref
|-
|rowspan="2"|1989
|''[[Jurrat (film)|Jurrat]]''
|[[David Dhawan]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Remake of 1987 Hollywood film ''[[The Untouchables (film)|The Untouchables]]''
Distribution only
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Jurrat movie review|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/jurrat-6786|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919135121/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/jurrat-6786|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2021|work=cinestaan|access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dav Pech]]''
|[[Kawal Sharma]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Remake of 1983 Telugu film ''[[Roshagadu]]''
Distribution only
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Dav Pech movie review|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dav-pech-6809|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216113609/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dav-pech-6809|url-status=live|archive-date=16 February 2020|work=cinestaan|access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2004
|''[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero]]''
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Based on the life of [[Indian independence movement|Indian Independence]] leader and [[Indian National Army]] leader [[Subhash Chandra Bose]]
|<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/may/09/news1|title=Biopic of Indian revolutionary sparks protest|work=the Guardian|date=9 May 2005}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dil Maange More]]''
|[[Anant Mahadevan]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/sep/22dil.htm | title=Shahid maange more! }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-soha-ali-khan-dil-maange-more-was-a-terrible-choice/20140226.htm | title=Soha Ali Khan: Dil Maange More was a terrible choice }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|2005
|''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''
|[[Andrew Adamson]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Indian distribution only
|<ref>{{cite news | first = Perrott | last = Alan | title = Animatronic reindeer replace living variety in Narnia film | url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/topic/story.cfm?c_id=200&objectid=3587193
| work = New Zealand Herald | date = August 26, 2004 | access-date = November 22, 2006 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mumbai Xpress]]''
|[[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kamals-new-film-announced-news-tamil-kkfvEFdbadb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414182540/http://www.sify.com/movies/kamals-new-film-announced-news-tamil-kkfvEFdbadb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2014|title=Kamal new film announced!|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=19 June 2012}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]''
|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/21page.htm | title=Madhur Bhandarkar proves himself again! }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050207-film-review-page-3-starring-konkona-sen-sharma-boman-irani-788543-2005-02-07 | title=Film review: 'Page 3' starring Konkona Sen Sharma, Boman Irani | date=7 February 2005 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]''
|[[Ram Gopal Varma]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|First Installment of the [[Sarkar (film series)|Sarkar]].
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Amitabh Bachchan celebrates 15 years of 'Sarkar', calls experience 'aamaran'|work=Newindianexpress|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/jul/02/amitabh-bachchan-celebrates-15-years-of-sarkar-calls-experience-aamaran-2164443-html|date=12 June 2005|accessdate=28 June 2021}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2006
|''[[Corporate (2006 film)|Corporate]]''
|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Corporate Movie Review|work=Rottentomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/corporate|date=12 June 2006|accessdate=28 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|2008
|''[[De Taali]]''
|[[Eeshwar Nivas]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Remake of 2001 Hollywood film ''[[Saving Silverman]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=De Taali Movie Review|work=timesofindia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/de-taali/movie-review/3149828.cms|date=20 June 2008|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]''
|[[Priyadarshan]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Remake of 2001 Malayalam Film ''[[Ishtam (2001 Malayalam film)|Ishtam]]''
|<ref>Anupama Chopra. [http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?lang=hindi&id=314&moviename=Mere+Baap+Pehle+Aap "Mere Baap Pehle Aap - Comedy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121903/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?lang=hindi&id=314&moviename=Mere+Baap+Pehle+Aap |date=28 September 2011 }}. [[NDTV]]. 13 June 2008.</ref><ref name="First Look">[http://www.rediff.com/%0Amovies/2008/apr/17look.htm "First Look: Priyadarshan's Mere Baap Pehle Aap"]. [[Rediff]]. 17 April 2008.</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhootnath]]''
|[[Vivek Sharma]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|
|<ref>{{cite news |author1=Sonia Chopra |title=Bhoothnath |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bhoothnath-review-bollywood-14670297.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412131511/http://www.sify.com/movies/bhoothnath-review-bollywood-14670297.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-12 |work=Sify}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sarkar Raj]]''
|[[Ram Gopal Varma]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Second Installment of ''[[Sarkar (film series)|Sarkar]]''
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarkar Raj makes it to the Academy of Motion Pictures library |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/2008-30-screens-in-u-k/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=9 August 2011 |date=2 August 2008}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009
|''[[8 X 10 Tasveer]]''
|[[Nagesh Kukunoor]]
|[[Percept Picture Company]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=8 x 10 Tasveer|work=Indianexpress|url=https://Indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/8-x-10-tasveer/|date=3 April 2009|accessdate=21 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]''
|[[Prabhu Deva]]
|BSK Entertainment
|Remake of 2006 Telugu film ''[[Pokiri]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Wanted Movie Review|work=timesofindia.indiatimes|url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/wanted/movie-review/5027960.cms|date=20 September 2009|accessdate=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010
|''[[Milenge Milenge]]''
|[[Satish Kaushik]]
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|Based on 2001 Hollywood film ''[[Serendipity (film)|Serendipity]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title='Milenge Milenge' reunites Shahid-Kareena|work=Deccanherald|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/40758/milenge-milenge-reunites-shahid-kareena.html|date=11 December 2010|accessdate=29 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2011
|''[[Love Breakups Zindagi]]''
|Sahil Sangha
|Sahara Motion Pictures
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Review: Love Breakups Zindagi - A Great First Date Movie|work=firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/reviews/lenovo-thinkpad-edge-e431-62771f2-review-102539.html|date=10 July 2011|accessdate=22 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2014
|''[[Gulaab Gang]]''
|[[Soumik Sen]]
|Sahara Movie Studios
|Based on the Vigilante Activists [[Gulabi Gang]] from [[Bundelkhand]].
|<ref>{{cite web|title='Gulabi Gang' is based on real life while 'Gulaab Gang' is a work of fiction:Kiran Rao|work=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gulabi-gang-is-based-on-real-life-while-gulaab-gang-is-a-work-fiction-kiran-rao-668368.html|date=14 February 2014|accessdate=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Unreleased/shelved films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Production Company
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" | Ref
|-
| rowspan="1"|2009
|''[[Mumbai Chakachak]]''
|Sanjay Jha
|Sahara One Motion Pictures
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=New Movie sees Rahul Bose as Mumbai Street Cleaner|work=dnaindia.com|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-new-movie-sees-rahul-bose-as-mumbai-street-cleaner-1155662|date=12 Mar 2009|accessdate=30 June 2021}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/company/sahara-one-motion-pictures/ Sahara One Motion Pictures] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Film Studios in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian film studios]]
[[Category:Film production companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sahara India Pariwar]]

Culture of Mangaluru

2026-05-03T09:00:29Z

BethIlf498848137: Stub

{{Short description|Overview of the culture of Mangalore (India)}}
{{Other uses|Mangalore (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
[[Dakshina Kannada]] that was partitioned from the erstwhile [[South Canara]], has been multicultural and is a little different from the prevalent culture of the [[Carnataca]] state of [[India]]. A native of Mangaluru is known as a ''Mangalurean'' in [[English language|English]], ''Kudladakulu'' in [[Tulu language|Tulu]], ''Kodyaalkar'' in [[Konkani language|Konkani]], ''Manglurnavaru'' in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and ''Maikaaltanga'' in [[Byari]].

==[[Tulu language|Tulu]] and [[Tulunaad]]'s Culture==
According to ''[[Keralolpathi]]'', the name ''Tuluva'' for Tuluvers comes from the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals|Cheraman Perumal]] kings of [[Malabar region]], who fixed his residence in the northern portion of his dominions just before its separation from present-day [[Kerala]], and who was called ''Tulubhan Perumal''.<ref>{{cite book
| author = J. Sturrock | year=1894
| title= Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3200/page/n1/mode/2up
}}</ref>

[[Yakshagana]] is a night-long dance and drama performance practised by [[Tuluvas]] with great fanfare.<ref name="Yakshagana">{{cite web
|url=http://www.szcc.tn.nic.in/07_folktheatre/karnataka/Yakshagana/yakshagana.html
|title=Yakshagana
|accessdate=7 December 2007
|publisher=SZCC, Tamil Nadu.
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817224137/http://www.szcc.tn.nic.in/07_folktheatre/karnataka/Yakshagana/yakshagana.html
|archivedate=17 August 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last=Plunkett
| first=Richard
| title=South India
| publisher=Lonely Planet
| year=2001
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmL9KqczbRYC&q=yakshagana+unique&pg=PA53
| isbn=1-86450-161-8
| page=53
}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''[[Hulivesha|Piliyesa]]'' is a unique form of folk dance in the region fascinating the young and the old alike, which is performed during Marnemi (as Dussara is called in Tulu) and [[Krishna Janmashtami]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Human-tigers-face-threat-to-health/articleshow/354160109.cms
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134248/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-26/bangalore/27235282_1_tigers-pai-skin
|url-status=live
|archive-date=11 August 2011
|date=26 October 2001
|title=Human 'tigers' face threat to health
|access-date=7 December 2007
|first1=Stanley G
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|last1=Pinto}}</ref> ''Karadi Vesha'' (Bear Dance) is one more popular dance performed during [[Mangalore Dasara|Dasara]] in Mangaluru.<ref name="DAJ1">{{cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=726 |title=What's in a Name? |accessdate=4 March 2008 |author=Stephen D'Souza |publisher=daijiworld.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208022637/http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=726 |archivedate=8 February 2012 }}</ref> ''[[Bhuta Kola]]'' a kind of [[spirit worship]] is usually done at night is practised by Tuluvers. [[Bhuta Kola]] is similar to [[Theyyam]] in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/videos/news/news-in-videos/devakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731|title='Devakoothu'; the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606105354/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/videos/news/news-in-videos/devakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/This-year-Devakoothu-gets-a-new-face/articleshow/17735370.cms|title=Devakoothu: This year, Devakoothu gets a new face | Kozhikode News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[Kambala]]'' or buffalo race is conducted in water filled paddy fields. ''Korikatta'' ([[Cockfight]]) is another favourite sport for the people. An ancient [[ritual]] associated with the ‘daivasthanams’ (temples) in rural areas, [[Hindu]] ''kozhi kettu'',<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web |date=10 January 2008 |title=Police move against cockfight faces opposition |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1175873.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112072927/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Police-move-against-cockfight-faces-opposition/article15140664.ece |archive-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=thehindu.co.in}}</ref> a religious and spiritual [[Cockfight (Sacred)|cockfight]], is held at the [[temples]] and also allowed if organised as part of [[religious]] or [[cultural]] events.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 September 2011 |title=Cockfight held at school |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article2434611.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112072554/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/cockfight-held-at-school/article2434611.ece |archive-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=thehindu.co.in}}</ref> ''[[Nagaradhane]]'' or ''Snake worship'' is practised according to the popular belief of the [[snakes in mythology|Snake god]], who goes underground and guard the [[Nāga|Naga]] species on the top.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |title=Nagarapanchami Naadige Doddadu |accessdate=28 January 2008 |publisher=Mangalorean.Com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209025322/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |archivedate=9 February 2012 }}</ref>

==Konkani Culture==
[[File:World Konkani Centre.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|World Konkani Centre, Mangaluru]]
There are about 22 ethnic Konkani communities live in Mangaluru,<ref>Suvarna Karnatakanthlya Konkani Lok; Fr. Richard Rego</ref> including [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]]s, [[Mangalorean Catholics]], [[Daivajna Brahmin|Daivadnyas]], [[Kudumbi]], [[Kharvi]], [[Gudigar]], [[Navayats]] etc. These communities speak dialects of [[Konkani language|Konknni]]. Religious festivals like car festivals of various Konkani Temples, Shigmo of Kudmi Community, Saanth Maarie of Christians keep alive the Konkani cultural ethos.

The [[World Konkani Centre]] designed by architect Dinesh K Shet, was built on a 3 acre plot called Konkani Gaon (Konkani village) at Shakti Nagar, Mangaluru, it was inaugurated on 17 January 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=55810 |title=Mangalore Goa CM Dedicates World Konkani Centre to Konkani People |website=www.daijiworld.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324031643/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=55810 |archive-date=2012-03-24}}</ref> "to serve as a nodal agency for the preservation and overall development of Konkani language, art and culture involving all the Konkani people the world over."

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Jyothi Talkies 0111.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The ''Jyothi Talkies'' was a popular [[film|cinema]] [[theatre]] in Mangaluru]]
The ''Bibliophile's Paradise'', a hi-tech [[public library]] run by the [[Corporation Bank]], is located at Mannagudda.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/04/01/stories/2006040100730100.htm |title=It's a treasure of books |accessdate=31 January 2008 |author=Raviprasad Kamila |location=Chennai, India |date=1 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102025050/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/04/01/stories/2006040100730100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archivedate=2 November 2012 }}</ref> The ''Mangala Stadium'', which is the only full-fledged stadium in [[Dakshina Kannada]], is located in Mangalore.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/07/stories/2006080716740300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928131927/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/07/stories/2006080716740300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2009 |title= Minister keen on improving sports infrastructure |accessdate= 18 February 2008 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 August 2006}}</ref>

==Practices==
[[File:Demon Yakshagana.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A typical [[Yakshagana]] artist]]
The [[Yakshagana]] is a night-long dance and drama performance practiced in Mangaluru.<ref name="Yakshagana"/><ref>{{cite book
| last = Plunkett
| first = Richard
| title = South India
| publisher = Lonely Planet
| year = 2001
| pages = 53
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JmL9KqczbRYC&q=yakshagana+unique&pg=PA53
| isbn = 1-86450-161-8
}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The ''[[Pilivesha]]'' (Tiger dance) is a folk dance unique to this area, which is performed during [[Navratri|Dasara]] and [[Krishna Janmashtami]].<ref>{{cite news
|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/354160109.cms
|date = 26 October 2001
|title = Human 'tigers' face threat to health
|accessdate = 7 December 2007
|work = The Times of India
|first1=Stanley G
|last1=Pinto}}</ref> ''Karadi Vesha'' (Bear Dance) is performed during [[Navratri|Dasara]] in Mangalore.<ref name="DAJ1"/> ''[[Bhuta Kola]]'' or spirit worship, is practised here. ''[[Kambala]]'' or buffalo race is conducted in water filled paddy fields. ''Kolikatte'' ([[Cockfight]]) is another favourite sport for the people. To its supporters, [[cockfight]], an ancient sport involving a fight between specially reared fowls held at the temples precincts in northern parts of [[Kasaragod]], is not a blood sport but a feature of the rich cultural heritage of [[Tulunadu]] and an ancient [[ritual]] associated with the ‘daivasthanams’ (temples) here.<ref name="The Hindu"/>
''[[Nagaradhane]]'' or ''Snake worship'' is practised in the city according to the popular belief of the ''[[Nāga|Naga Devatha]]'' to go underground and guard the species on the top mangalore is known for Naga s during Punchami, the milk and Bonda (tender coconut) will be worshippped for god Naga in Naga bana(ant hill) and temples.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |title= Nagarapanchami Naadige Doddadu |accessdate= 28 January 2008 |publisher= Mangalorean.Com |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209025322/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |archivedate= 9 February 2012 }}</ref>

''Pad'danas'' (Oral Epics) which are ballad-like folk epics narrated in [[Tulu language|Tulu]] are sung by the community of impersonators together with the rhythmic beats.<ref name="DAJ1"/> Some of the popular [[Beary]] songs are {{Transliteration|tcy|kolkai}} (sung during the play of kolata), {{Transliteration|tcy|unjal pat}} (sung while putting a child to cradle), {{Transliteration|tcy|moilanji pat}} and {{Transliteration|tcy|oppune pat}} (sung at weddings).<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/13/stories/2007101361130300.htm
|title=Beary Sahitya Academy set up
|accessdate=15 January 2008
|location=Chennai, India
|date=13 October 2007
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102025141/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/13/stories/2007101361130300.htm
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|archivedate=2 November 2012
}}</ref> The [[Eucharist]]ic Procession is an annual [[Catholic]] religious procession led on the first Sunday of the [[New Year]] of the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="DAJ1"/>

==Festivals==
[[File:Dasara Navaratri decorations Kudroli Temple Mangalore Karnataka.jpg|thumb|307x307px| [[Gokarnanatheshwara Temple]] during Navaratri]]
[[Mangaluru Dasara]] is considered as one of the biggest festivals in Mangaluru and stands second place after Mysuru Dasara in state of Karnataka. The [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] festival is celebrated every year by erecting statues, worshipping them and immersing them in water bodies. ''Kodial Theru'' or ''Mangaluru Rathotsava'' (Mangaluru Car Festival) is one of the major festivals of the [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin|GSB]] community, which celebrates the car festival of the ''Sri Venkatramana Temple''.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/mangalore/shrivenkataramanatemple.htm |title=Shri Venkataramana Temple (Car Street, Mangalore) |accessdate= 20 March 2008 |publisher= OurKarnataka.Com,Inc}}</ref> ''Monti Fest'' is one of the major festivals of the [[Mangalorean Catholics|Mangalorean Catholic]] community, celebrating the [[Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Nativity feast]] and the blessing of new crops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=129 |title=Monti Fest Originated at Farangipet – 240 Years Ago! |accessdate=11 January 2008 |author=John B. Monteiro |publisher=daijiworld.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125132305/http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=129 |archivedate=25 January 2008 }}</ref> The ''Jain Milan'', a committee of the [[Jain community|Jain]] families of Mangaluru, organise the ''Jain Food Festival'' annually with a view to bring together all the members of the Jain community.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/11/24/stories/2007112450980400.htm
|title=Food for thought
|accessdate=18 January 2008
|author=Amrita Nayak
|location=Chennai, India
|date=24 November 2007
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071329/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/11/24/stories/2007112450980400.htm
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|archivedate=28 September 2011
}}</ref> People of all faiths participate in the ''Mosaru Kudike'', which is a part of the celebrations to mark the [[Krishna Janmashtami]] festival.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/28/stories/2005082812400300.htm
|title='Mosaru Kudike' brings in communal harmony
|accessdate=22 February 2008
|location=Chennai, India
|date=28 August 2005
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924163416/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/28/stories/2005082812400300.htm
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|archivedate=24 September 2011
}}</ref> Annual festivals are promoted during summer each year, to promote ''Karavali Utsav'' and ''Kudlostava'' which encourages the local cultural events. In 2006, the ''Tulu film festival'' was organized in Mangaluru.<ref name="FF">{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022315050300.htm
|title=Tulu film festival
|accessdate=19 January 2008
|location=Chennai, India
|date=23 February 2006
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828100518/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022315050300.htm
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|archivedate=28 August 2011
}}</ref> Mangaluru's Festivals are incomplete without Hulivesha /Pilivesha (Tiger dance) it brings attraction towards Mangaluru city .

==Cuisine==
[[File:Lobstermangalore.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Lobster neeruli, a local delicacy from the coastal city of Mangaluru, where seafood is popular.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/10/15/stories/2005101503560400.htm |title=The Hindu : Metro Plus Bangalore / Eating Out : Go for the Mangalore diet |access-date=13 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406042931/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/10/15/stories/2005101503560400.htm |archive-date=6 April 2006 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>]]
[[File:Neer dosa03.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Neer dosa]], a variant of dosa is native to Mangaluru]]
Mangalorean cuisine is largely influenced by [[South Indian cuisine]]. Mangalurean curry uses a lot of [[coconut]] and [[curry]] leaves. [[Ginger]], [[garlic]] and [[Chili pepper|chili]] is also used in curry. Mangalurean fish curry is known for its taste in the whole of [[Kanara|Canara]]. Dishes of the [[Tuluva|Tulu]] community include ''[[Kori Rotti]]'', ''Kori Gassi'', ''Bangude Pulimunchi'', ''Beeja-Manoli Upkari'', ''[[Neer dosa]]'', ''[[Chicken Ghee Roast]]'', ''[[Chicken Sukka]]'', '' Channya Gasi '' , ''Boothai Gasi'', ''Kadabu'', ''[[Masala Dosa]]'' and ''[[Patrode]]''. The Konkani community has its specialities that include ''Daali thoy'', ''beebe-upkari'' (cashew based), ''val val'', ''avnas ambe sasam'', ''Kadgi chakko'' , '' molay randhoy ''. The ''Sanna-Dukra Maas'' (''Sanna'' – [[idli]] fluffed with toddy or [[yeast]]; ''Dukra Maas'' – [[Pork]]) of the [[Mangalorean Catholics]] and the [[Lamb and mutton|Mutton]] [[Biryani]] of the Mangalorean [[Muslim]]s are well-known dishes. An assortment of [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]] like {{Transliteration|tcy|happala}}, {{Transliteration|tcy|sandige}} and {{Transliteration|tcy|puli munchi}} are unique to Mangaluru. ''Khali'' ([[Hot toddy|toddy]]), a country [[Distilled beverage|liquor]] prepared from the coconut flower's sap is a well-known liquor of Mangalore.<ref name="DAJ1"/> The vegetarian cuisine is same as [[Udupi cuisine]]. Since Mangaluru is a coastal town, [[Fish]] forms the staple diet of most people. Mangaluru is known for sea food since its in costal region.The sea food available in Mangaluru is mainly attracted by other people over India. The authentic spice used in Kudla is all home made spices which brings taste to food prepared by all Mangalurean 's houses different from other places.

==Museums==
Mangaluru is the site of the [[Aloyseum]] and [[Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/aloyseum-brings-alive-story-of-world-war-i-hero/article5709080.ece|title=Aloyseum brings alive story of World War I hero|date=20 February 2014|accessdate=17 December 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name='bejaimuseum'>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/priceless-coins-with-loads-of-invaluable-history-779296.html|title=Priceless coins with loads of invaluable history|date=24 November 2019|accessdate=27 December 2019|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> Aloyseum houses various souvenirs such as pieces of the [[Berlin Wall]], Mangaluru's first car, whale skeleton, coins and medals of ancient kingdoms, etc.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/321044/aloyseum-glimpse-bygone-era.html|title=Aloyseum, glimpse into bygone era|date=23 March 2013|accessdate=16 February 2020|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum at [[Bejai]] contains coins of ancient dynasties namely the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]], [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]], [[Chola dynasty|Chola]], [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adilshashis]], [[Roman Empire|Rome]], [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], [[Satavahana dynasty|Shatavahanas]], [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[British Raj]], princely states of [[Travancore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], [[Baroda State|Baroda]], etc.<ref name='bejaimuseum'/><ref>{{cite web |title=All You Need To Know About Mangalore—Its Culture, Festivals and More! |url=https://rajseafront.com/about-mangalore/ |website=Rajseafront |publisher=Rajseafront |access-date=12 March 2023 |date=25 December 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Culture of Mangalore}}

[[Category:Culture of Mangalore| ]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka|Mangalore]]

State of Tamil Nadu v. Governor of Tamil Nadu

2026-05-02T07:53:32Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{Short description|Supreme Court of India case examining powers of governors}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox court case
| name = State of Tamil Nadu v. Governor of Tamil Nadu
| court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
| date decided = 8 April 2025
| full name = The State of Tamil Nadu versus the Governor of Tamil Nadu {{Abbr|&|and}} the Union of India
| citations = {{URL|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412081532/https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_11_1501_60770_Judgement_08-Apr-2025.pdf|2=2025 INSC 481}} 
| opinions = The [[Governor (India)|State governor]] cannot exercise an [[Veto|absolute]] or [[pocket veto]] over legislation duly passed by the State legislature. The State governor cannot reserve the re-passed bill for the [[President of India|President's]] consideration. Furthermore, the Court laid out the grounds for [[Judicial review in India|judicial review]] for actions of the Governor and President under Articles 200 and 201 of the Constitution, including time limits to prevent undue delay in granting assent.
| judge = [[J. B. Pardiwala]], {{Abbr|J.|Justice}} and [[R. Mahadevan]], {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}
| number of judges = 2
| decision by = [[J. B. Pardiwala]], {{Abbr|J.|Justice}} and [[R. Mahadevan]], {{Abbr|J.|Justice}}
| keywords = {{hlist| [[Governor (India)|Governor]] | [[Veto|Absolute veto]] | [[Pocket veto]] }}
| Area of Law = [[Constitutional law]]
}}
'''The State of Tamil Nadu {{Abbr|v.|versus}} the Governor of Tamil Nadu {{Abbr|&|and}} the Union of India,''' [[Neutral citation|2025 INSC 481]], is a [[List of landmark court decisions in India|landmark decision]] by the [[Supreme Court of India]], which ruled that the [[Governor (India)|Governor of a state]] cannot exercise an [[Veto|absolute veto]] or a [[pocket veto]] over legislation duly passed by the [[State legislative assemblies of India|State Legislatures]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2025 |title=Legal Milestone: The Supreme Court and Tamil Nadu Governor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/legal-milestone-the-supreme-court-and-the-tamil-nadu-governor/article69431826.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410041919/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/legal-milestone-the-supreme-court-and-the-tamil-nadu-governor/article69431826.ece |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Landmark ruling reinforces federalism |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/editorial/landmark-ruling-reinforces-federalism-3484751 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409130310/https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/editorial/landmark-ruling-reinforces-federalism-3484751 |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date= |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2025 |title=Why SC ruling on Tamil Nadu Guv stands out: Sparingly used powers invoked, strong message sent |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/why-sc-ruling-on-tamil-nadu-governors-powers-stands-out-sparingly-used-powers-invoked-strong-message-sent-9933048/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409130550/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/why-sc-ruling-on-tamil-nadu-governors-powers-stands-out-sparingly-used-powers-invoked-strong-message-sent-9933048/ |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2025 |title=SC sets aside Tamil Nadu Governor's move of withholding assent to Bills: The ruling, impact |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/sc-sets-aside-tamil-nadu-governors-move-the-ruling-impact-9931597/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409022249/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/sc-sets-aside-tamil-nadu-governors-move-the-ruling-impact-9931597/ |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Between 13 January 2020 and 28 April 2023, the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] passed 12 [[Bill (law)|bills]], to amend institutional oversight and appointment processes of state universities, and submitted these bills to the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]] for assent. Two of these bills shifted powers of inspection and inquiry from the [[Governor (India)|Governor]] (acting as ex officio [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]]) to the State Government, while eight others transferred authority to appoint Vice-Chancellors of state universities from the Governor to the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|State Government]]. Additional provisions included replacing Secretary to [[Department of Law (Tamil Nadu)|Department of Law]] in university syndicates with Secretary to [[Department of Finance (Tamil Nadu)|Department of Finance]], and centralizing oversight under the [[Department of Higher Education (Tamil Nadu)|Department of Higher Education]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite court|litigants=The State of Tamil Nadu versus the Governor of Tamil Nadu {{Abbr|&|and}} the Union of India|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=10 November 2023|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_1_16_48220_Order_10-Nov-2023.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409134256/https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_1_16_48220_Order_10-Nov-2023.pdf|archive-date=9 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite court|litigants=The State of Tamil Nadu versus the Governor of Tamil Nadu {{Abbr|&|and}} the Union of India|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=20 November 2023|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_1_33_48287_Order_20-Nov-2023.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409135408/https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_1_33_48287_Order_20-Nov-2023.pdf|archive-date=9 April 2025}}</ref>

On 31 October 2023, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] filed a writ petition before the [[Supreme Court of India]], contesting Governor R.N. Ravi's prolonged withholding of assent to the bills.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pendency of bills before Tamil Nadu Governor |url=https://www.scobserver.in/cases/pendency-of-bills-before-tamil-nadu-governor-the-state-of-tamil-nadu-v-governor-of-tamil-nadu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113091556/https://www.scobserver.in/cases/pendency-of-bills-before-tamil-nadu-governor-the-state-of-tamil-nadu-v-governor-of-tamil-nadu/ |archive-date=13 January 2025 |access-date= |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=31 October 2023 |title=T.N. government moves Supreme Court against Governor Ravi over delay in clearing Bills |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/governor-ravi-is-acting-as-a-political-rival-says-tamil-nadus-writ-petition-in-supreme-court/article67479409.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106012249/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/governor-ravi-is-acting-as-a-political-rival-says-tamil-nadus-writ-petition-in-supreme-court/article67479409.ece |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arulappan |first=Vinodh |date=3 November 2023 |title=DMK govt challenges TN Governor in Supreme Court again — this time over VC appointment processs |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/dmk-govt-challenges-tn-governor-in-supreme-court-again-this-time-over-vc-appointment-processs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105072704/https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/dmk-govt-challenges-tn-governor-in-supreme-court-again-this-time-over-vc-appointment-processs/ |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date= |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref>

On 13 November 2023, the Governor resolved the pending bills, withholding assent for 10 bills and reserving 2 bills for the consideration of the [[President of India]]. In response to the Governor's actions, a special session of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly was convened on 18 November 2023. During this session, the 10 bills denied assent were reintroduced, reconsidered, and re-approved by the Assembly. The re-passed bills were formally transmitted to the Governor's Secretariat on the same day.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=20 November 2023 |title=Supreme Court notes Tamil Nadu's contention that Governor has no 'discretion' to withhold re-passed Bills |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rn-ravi-tn-govt-row-sc-says-law-does-not-give-governor-discretion-to-withhold-bills-re-passed-by-assembly/article67553775.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721043633/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rn-ravi-tn-govt-row-sc-says-law-does-not-give-governor-discretion-to-withhold-bills-re-passed-by-assembly/article67553775.ece |archive-date=21 July 2024 |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arulappan |first=Vinodh |date=18 November 2023 |title=DMK ups the ante: Tamil Nadu Assembly readopts the 10 Bills returned by Governor Ravi |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/news/dmk-ups-the-ante-tamil-nadu-assembly-readopts-the-10-bills-returned-by-governor-ravi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119141449/https://thesouthfirst.com/news/dmk-ups-the-ante-tamil-nadu-assembly-readopts-the-10-bills-returned-by-governor-ravi/ |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date= |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref>

== Analysis ==
Based on the plain reading of Article 200 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court affirmed that a Governor possesses three constitutionally permissible courses of action when presented with a bill passed by the state legislature. These include granting assent to enact the bill into law, withholding assent while returning the bill to the state legislature for reconsideration, or reserving the bill for the President's consideration.<ref name=":3">{{Cite court|litigants=The State of Tamil Nadu versus the Governor of Tamil Nadu {{Abbr|&|and}} the Union of India|opinion=2025 INSC 481|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=8 April 2025|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_11_1501_60770_Judgement_08-Apr-2025.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412081532/https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/45314/45314_2023_11_1501_60770_Judgement_08-Apr-2025.pdf|archive-date=12 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Suchitra Kalyan |date=14 April 2025 |title=EXPLAINER {{!}} Supreme Court landmark ruling on Governor Vs State |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/14/explainer-supreme-court-landmark-ruling-on-governor-vs-state |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414092011/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/14/explainer-supreme-court-landmark-ruling-on-governor-vs-state |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Absolute veto ===
The court explicitly rejected the [[Attorney General of India]]'s contention that a fourth option—permitting the Governor to withhold assent without mandating the bill's return for reconsideration—existed. This argument had sought to rely on ''Union of India v. Valluri Basavaiah Chowdhary (1979)'', a five-judge constitutional bench decision, which the Attorney General claimed implicitly recognized such authority through the phrase "unless the procedure indicated in the first proviso is followed." Furthermore, the Attorney General claimed that ''State of Punjab v. Principal Secretary to the Governor of Punjab (2024),'' which held that Governor do not have absolute veto power, was decided without giving due consideration for the precedent set by ''Valluri Basavaiah Chowdhary (1979).''<ref name=":3" />

However, the court clarified that the first proviso of Article 200 obligates the Governor to return a bill to the legislature "as soon as possible" if assent is withheld. But, no procedural expediency is required from the legislature during reconsideration. Therefore, it further interpreted the term "falls-through" in ''Valluri Basavaiah Chowdhary'' to apply solely to scenarios where the legislature chooses not to re-pass the bill, thereby allowing it to lapse. Furthermore, the Article 200 mandated the Governor to assent to the reconsidered bill, which was passed with or without amendments. Therefore, the court concluded that the three-judge bench's ruling in ''State of Punjab (2024)'' remained valid, as it aligned with constitutional intent and did not conflict with prior precedents. Consequently, the judgment reinforced that Governors lack an absolute veto power under Article 200.<ref name=":3" />

=== Pocket veto ===
The Supreme Court emphasized that the phrase "withhold assent" under Article 200 of the Indian Constitution must be interpreted as a temporary deferral of assent, not denial of assent. The Court clarified that such deferral operates within the procedural framework of Article 200s first proviso, which mandates that if assent is withheld, the bill must be returned to the legislature for reconsideration. It underscored the Governor's role as strictly recommendatory, noting that the phrase "if the Bill is passed again by the House or Houses with or without amendment" explicitly confirms the Governor's suggestions carry no binding force. Furthermore, the Court emphasized that the directive "the Governor shall not withhold assent therefrom" upon the bill's re-passage signifies the conclusion of the temporary deferral, thereby precluding prolonged obstruction. By anchoring this reasoning in constitutional text, the Court concluded that Article 200s procedural safeguards prevent the Governor's power from being misconstrued as a pocket veto.<ref name=":3" />

=== Re-passed bill and President's review ===
The Supreme Court underscored that Article 200s use of the conjunction "or" between the three options—granting assent, withholding assent for state legislature's reconsideration, or reserving the bill for the President's review—establishes their mutual exclusivity. Once the Governor exercises one option, the others become unavailable. Specifically, if assent is withheld, the first proviso's mechanism is triggered, compelling the Governor to return the bill to the legislature. The Court clarified that compliance with this procedure—including legislative reconsideration and re-passage of the bill—obligates the Governor to grant assent, leaving no scope to subsequently reserve the bill for presidential consideration.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />

However, the Court acknowledged a narrow exception: if a bill re-presented to the Governor after reconsideration introduces wholly new or divergent provisions, rendering the legislature's actions inconsistent with the mandate to "reconsider the Bill accordingly," the Governor may reserve it for the President's review.<ref name=":3" />

The Court further emphasized that any reservation of a re-passed bill for presidential consideration, premised on non-compliance with the first proviso's procedure, would remain subject to [[Judicial review in India|judicial review]].<ref name=":3" />

=== Time-limit for Governor's actions ===
==== Constituent Assembly debates ====
The Supreme Court analyzed the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]] debates on prescribing temporal limits for governor's action under Article 200 of the Indian Constitution, drawing parallels to analogous discussions on Article 111 (pertaining to presidential assent to central legislation). The draft Article of Article 111 initially proposed a six-week timeframe for the President to return bills to Parliament for reconsideration. However, [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar]] moved an amendment replacing "not later than six weeks" with "as soon as possible," which the Assembly ultimately adopted despite concerns over potential legislative delays. The Court observed that this shift reflected the Assembly's implicit trust in Governors to discharge their constitutional obligations under Article 200 with diligence and timeliness.<ref name=":3" />

Nevertheless, the court acknowledged that apprehensions voiced during the Constituent Assembly debates materialized over time, as documented by the [[Sarkaria Commission|Sarkaria]] and Punchhi Commission reports, which highlighted systemic delays in governor's assents, with bills often languishing in Governors' secretariats for years. The Court condemned such indefinite inaction, ruling that prolonged failure to act on bills effectively confers an impermissible "[[pocket veto]]" on Governors—a practice antithetical to India's constitutional framework.<ref name=":3" />

==== Relevant precedents ====
The Supreme Court examined precedents addressing the justiciability of actions lacking explicit time limits, emphasizing that constitutional functionaries must adhere to the principle of "reasonable time" to fulfill their duties. In Durga Pada Ghosh v. State of West Bengal (1972), a three-judge bench interpreted the phrase "as soon as possible" as necessitating diligent and prompt action by authorities, free from avoidable delay. This principle was reaffirmed in Ram Chand v. Union of India (1994), where the Court held that delays in exercising constitutional powers—even absent fixed timelines—must not subvert the mandate's underlying objectives. In State of Telangana v. Governor of Telangana (2024), where the Court underscored that the phrase "as soon as possible" carries significant constitutional weight, obliging Governors to act with urgency.<ref name=":3" />

Similarly, in Keisham Meghachandra Singh v. Speaker, Manipur Legislative Assembly (2020), the Court ruled that Speakers, while vested with exclusive jurisdiction over disqualification petitions, remain bound to decide such matters within a reasonable timeframe. The judgment clarified that [[Judicial review in India|judicial review]] could intervene to ensure timely resolutions. In in A.G. Perarivalan v. State of Tamil Nadu (2023), which affirmed that while Governors enjoy a degree of immunity, prolonged inaction affecting individual rights—such as delays in deciding mercy petitions—remains subject to [[Judicial review in India|judicial scrutiny]].<ref name=":3" />

The Supreme Court dismissed the respondent's reliance on the five-judge bench decision in Purushothaman Nambudiri v. State of Kerala (1961), which had been cited to argue against reading a time limit into Articles 200 and 201 of the Indian Constitution. The Court clarified that the Nambudiri ruling was narrowly confined to addressing the status of bills pending governor's assent following the dissolution of a state legislature. In that case, the Court had concluded that such bills do not lapse upon dissolution, owing to the absence of explicit time constraints under Article 200. However, the judgment emphasized that Nambudiri did not adjudicate on the urgency or expediency expected of Governors in discharging their duties under Article 200. Crucially, the Nambudiri decision neither endorsed nor implied that Governors could exercise their powers under Article 200 without regard to timeliness, nor did it negate the principle that constitutional functionaries must act within a reasonable timeframe.<ref name=":3" />

==== Prescribing time limits ====
The Supreme Court clarified that judicially prescribing a reasonable time frame for Governors to act on bills under Article 200 does not amend the Constitution, as it serves only to enable judicial review without altering constitutional procedures. While constitutions like those of the U.S. and Pakistan expressly prescribe time-limits—where inaction triggers automatic assent—judicially prescribing such limits will allow courts to scrutinize delays while permitting Governors to justify prolonged inaction with valid reasons.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />

The Court highlighted the precedents such as Keisham Meghachandra Singh v. Speaker, Manipur Legislative Assembly (2020) and ''Periyammal v. Rajamani (2025),'' where the Court had prescribed the time limits. The court argued that given that the inaction of constitutional authorities is subject to judicial review, well-defined standards are essential to assess its justiciability. The timelines prescribed in this judgment fulfill this role by establishing objective criteria for scrutiny.<ref name=":3" /> Relying on recommendations from the [[Sarkaria Commission|Sarkaria]] and Punchhi Commissions, the Court prescribed general time limits to ensure governor's decisions align with constitutional expediency. Delays beyond these limits are subject to [[Judicial review in India|judicial review]], empowering courts to mandate timely decisions or, exceptionally under Article 142, deem assent granted.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhalla |first=Vineet |date=14 April 2025 |title=Explained: How a landmark Supreme Court judgement has ended the governor's 'pocket veto' |url=https://scroll.in/article/1081283/explained-how-a-landmark-supreme-court-judgement-has-ended-the-governors-pocket-veto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414093048/https://scroll.in/article/1081283/explained-how-a-landmark-supreme-court-judgement-has-ended-the-governors-pocket-veto |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date= |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

The Court emphasized that such limits prevent Governors from wielding a pocket veto under Article 200, ensuring law-making processes are not obstructed without reasonable justification.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />

=== Governor's discretion ===
The Supreme Court underscored the constitutional evolution of Governor's under Article 200, noting that the phrase "in his discretion"—present in Section 75 of the [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act,1935]]—was deliberately omitted during the drafting of Article 200. This omission signaled the framers' intent to curtail the Governor's discretionary powers regarding the reservation of bills for presidential consideration, which had existed under colonial-era legislation.<ref name=":3" />

However, in B.K. Pavitra v. Union of India (2019), a two-judge bench ruled that Governors retained discretion to reserve bills for the President's review even against the advice of the Council of Ministers, emphasizing the need for such decisions to reflect "careful reflection and statesmanship" without undermining democratic federalism. The judgment also acknowledged the impracticality of exhaustively defining scenarios warranting such reservations.<ref name=":3" />

The Court, however, critiqued B.K. Pavitra for failing to reconcile its findings with binding precedents set by larger benches, particularly Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974) and MP Special Police Establishment v. State of MP (2004). In Samsher Singh, a seven-judge bench confined the Governor's discretionary authority to the second proviso of Article 200, which applies solely to bills diminishing the High Court's powers. The Court clarified that Samsher Singh's reference to Governor's independence from ministerial advice pertained exclusively to this narrow exception. In M.P. Special Police Establishment v. State of M.P. (2004), a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court recognized a limited scope for Governor's discretion under Article 163(2) of the Constitution, even in the absence of explicit constitutional provisions granting such authority. The Court held that Governors may act independently in exceptional situations where adherence to ministerial advice would inherently endanger democratic principles, such as cases involving peril to democracy, manifest bias in the Council of Ministers' recommendations, or instances precipitating a complete breakdown of the rule of law. The Court clarified that M.P. Special Police Establishment did not dilute the general rule established in Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974), emphasizing that such discretionary exceptions remain narrowly confined to extraordinary circumstances.The Court held that by overlooking these precedent, B.K. Pavitra was declared [[per incuriam]] (decided in ignorance of binding law), and reaffirmed that the Governor's discretionary powers under Article 200 remain strictly limited to constitutionally specified contexts.<ref name=":3" />

== Judgement ==
On 8 April 2025, a two-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India comprising Justices [[J. B. Pardiwala]] and [[R. Mahadevan]] delivered its ruling in the case. The Court held that the Governor of the States lack constitutional authority to exercise an [[Veto|absolute veto]] or a [[pocket veto]] over legislation duly passed by [[State legislative assemblies of India|State Legislatures]], emphasizing the settled conventions of [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary democracy]].<ref name=":1" />

In his opening remarks, [[J. B. Pardiwala|Justice J. B. Pardiwala]] contextualized the Court's intervention by observing:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court uses discretionary powers to effectuate 10 pending Bills in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.scobserver.in/reports/supreme-court-uses-discretionary-powers-to-effectuate-10-pending-bills-in-tamil-nadu/ |access-date=8 April 2025 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

{{blockquote
| While the framers of the Constitution set out with the vision [that] the Governor would be the constitutional head, a sagacious counsellor and advisor to the ministry—someone who can pour oil over troubled waters—what has unfolded before us in this litigation has been quite the opposite. This Court has been called upon to calm the troubled waters stirred by the ensuing long-drawn battle of a high constitutional order between the petitioner and the respondent.
}}

=== Three options under Article 200 ===
The Court noted that Governor possesses three constitutionally permissible courses of action when presented with a bill passed by the state legislature granting assent—withholding assent for state legislature's reconsideration, or reserving the bill for the President's review. Once the assent was withheld, bill must be returned to the State legislature for reconsideration. When the State legislature reconsiders and passes the bill, with or without the amendments, Article 200 obligates the Governor to grant assent. Therefore, the Court held that Governors lack an absolute veto power under Article 200. Furthermore, the Court noted that the phrase "withhold assent" signifies a temporary deferral of assent, not denial of assent. Therefore, the Court held that there is no pocket veto under Article 200.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=8 April 2025 |title=Supreme Court finds Tamil Nadu Governor's conduct on 10 re-passed Bills was 'unconstitutional', puts Governors on the clock |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-finds-tamil-nadu-governors-conduct-arbitrary-puts-governors-on-the-clock/article69426799.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408120343/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-finds-tamil-nadu-governors-conduct-arbitrary-puts-governors-on-the-clock/article69426799.ece |archive-date=8 April 2025 |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Pendency of bills before Tamil Nadu Governor {{!}} Judgement Summary |url=https://www.scobserver.in/reports/pendency-of-bills-before-tamil-nadu-governor-judgement-summary/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419101817/https://www.scobserver.in/reports/pendency-of-bills-before-tamil-nadu-governor-judgement-summary/ |archive-date=19 April 2025 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Court noted that the three options are mutually exclusive that once the Governor exercises one option, the others become unavailable. Once Governor withheld assent, and state legislature reconsidered and passed the bill, without any changes, or with the changes recommended by the Governor, there is no scope to subsequently reserve the bill for presidential consideration.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

=== Time limit and judicial review ===
The Court held that inaction of Governor is subject to judicial review. It stated that well-defined standards are essential to assess its justiciability, and prescribed the following time limits for Governor's actions under Article 200:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />

* Withholding assent or reserving a bill: If the Governor withholds assent to a bill or reserves it for the President's consideration on the advice of the State Council of Ministers, such action must be taken immediately, subject to a maximum period of one month.
* Withholding assent contrary to advice: If the Governor withholds assent against the advice of the Council of Ministers, the bill must be returned to the legislature within three months, accompanied by a message explaining the objections.
* Reserving a bill contrary to advice: If the Governor reserves a bill for the President's consideration against the Council of Ministers' advice, such reservation must be made within three months.
* Bills re-passed after reconsideration: Upon receiving a re-passed bill following legislative reconsideration (under the first proviso of Article 200), the Governor must grant assent immediately, subject to a maximum period of one month.

=== Governor's discretion ===
The Supreme Court affirmed that Governors lack discretionary authority under Article 200 and must act solely on the advice of the State Council of Ministers, except in the following constitutionally specified scenarios:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />
* Bills under the second proviso to Article 200: Applies to bills that derogate from the powers of the High Court, where the Governor may act independently to reserve such bills for presidential consideration.
* Bills requiring presidential assent under specific constitutional provisions:Includes bills covered by Articles 31A, 31C, 254(2), 288(2), or 360(4)(a)(ii), which mandate presidential assent to secure immunity from constitutional challenges or operational validity.
* Bills threatening foundational democratic principles:Applies to bills that, if enacted, would undermine the Constitution's core principles of representative democracy, as outlined in M.P. Special Police Establishment v. State of M.P. (2004).

=== Grounds for judicial review ===
The Supreme Court outlined the following grounds on which a State Government may legally challenge a Governor's decision to reserve a bill for the President's consideration against State Cabinet's advice:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" />

* Reservation under second proviso to Article 200: The Governor must provide clear reasons and identify specific bill provisions that allegedly derogate the High Court's constitutional powers. A challenge may argue the bill does not endanger the High Court's constitutional role.
* '''Reservation due to constitutional requirements:''' With regards to the bills covered by Articles 31A, 31C, 254(2), 288(2), or 360(4)(a)(ii), which mandate presidential assent, the Governor must specifically cite constitutional provisions necessitating presidential assent. A challenge may allege irrelevant, mala fide, arbitrary, or extraneous reasons for reservation.
* Reservation based on threats to democracy: The Governor must detail provisions endangering democratic principles and explain why judicial recourse is insufficient. Challenges may contest failure to furnish valid reasons or unconstitutional motives.
* Reservation on impermissible grounds: Reservations driven by personal dissatisfaction, political expediency, or irrelevant factors are unconstitutional. Reservations the re-passed bill under Article 200 are invalid unless the re-passed bill contains wholly new or divergent provisions inconsistent with legislative reconsideration.
* Prolonged inaction: If the Governor exceeds prescribed timelines for decision-making, courts may issue a [[mandamus]] to compel action. The Governor may justify delays with sufficient explanations, subject to judicial review.

The Supreme Court outlined the following grounds on which a State Government may challenge the President's decision to withhold assent to a bill reserved by the Governor:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" />

* '''Withholding assent for bills requiring President's assent:''' Applies when a bill is reserved because presidential assent is constitutionally required. Judicial review is limited to cases of arbitrariness or mala fide actions, with courts exercising restraint due to the political nature of such decisions.
* '''Withholding assent over democratic principles:''' Applies when a bill is reserved due to perceived unconstitutionality threatening representative democracy. Presidential withholding of assent is fully justiciable, as it involves purely legal or constitutional questions. The President is advised to seek this Court's advisory opinion under Article 143 to preempt allegations of bias or arbitrariness.
* Prolonged inaction: Applies if the President fails to decide on a reserved bill within the time limits specified in the judgment. The State Government may seek a writ of mandamus to compel a decision, though the President may justify delays with valid reasons.

== Commentary ==
=== Substantial questions of law ===
Several commentators—including Senior Advocate Shekhar Naphade and Hitesh Jain, Senior Advocate and Vice President of the BJP's Mumbai unit—argued that the two-judge Bench usurped the role of a [[Constitution bench (India)|Constitution Bench]] by interpreting Articles 200 (the Governor's power to assent to Bills) and 201 (the President's role in reserved Bills), which, they said, involved "substantial [[Question of law|questions of law]]" requiring a five-judge bench under Article 145(3).<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2025 |title=Troubling questions arise after Supreme Court's foray into executive timelines |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/troubling-questions-arise-after-supreme-courts-foray-into-executive-timelines/3816165/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422024518/https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/troubling-questions-arise-after-supreme-courts-foray-into-executive-timelines/3816165/ |archive-date=22 April 2025 |access-date= |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=A substantial question of law |url=https://www.scobserver.in/journal/a-substantial-question-of-law/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506101752/https://www.scobserver.in/journal/a-substantial-question-of-law/ |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date= |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Hitesh |date=14 April 2025 |title=Tamil Nadu governor case: Judicial overreach, not constitutional interpretation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/tamil-nadu-governor-case-judicial-overreach-not-constitutional-interpretation-9943645/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414122830/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/tamil-nadu-governor-case-judicial-overreach-not-constitutional-interpretation-9943645/ |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Opposing this, advocates [[Kaleeswaram Raj]] and P.D.T. Achary maintained that the Court's ruling addressed only procedural clarifications—timelines and mandatory referral routes—rather than substantive constitutional interpretation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Kaleeswaram |date=25 April 2025 |title=Friction between judiciary and executive: An unhappy conversation continues |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2025/Apr/25/friction-between-judiciary-and-executive-an-unhappy-conversation-continues |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426034607/https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2025/Apr/25/friction-between-judiciary-and-executive-an-unhappy-conversation-continues |archive-date=26 April 2025 |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Achary |first=P. D. T. |date=18 April 2025 |title=A restoration of sanity to the constitutional system |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-restoration-of-sanity-to-the-constitutional-system/article69465524.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427145347/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-restoration-of-sanity-to-the-constitutional-system/article69465524.ece |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> V. Venkatesan observed that Attorney General [[R. Venkataramani]], counsel for the Tamil Nadu Governor, did not seek a reference to a larger bench on the grounds that the case involved a "substantial question of law." He also highlighted that in ''Shrimanth Balasaheb Patil v. Speaker (2019)'', the Supreme Court held that questions authoritatively settled do not become "substantial" merely by repetition.<ref name=":7" />

== Significance ==
This ruling has been seen as a crucial reaffirmation of the federal structure and parliamentary democracy enshrined in the Indian Constitution. It limits the scope for Governor's obstruction in state affairs and prevents the office of the Governor from being misused for political ends.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2025 |title=Legal milestone: The Supreme Court and the Tamil Nadu Governor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/legal-milestone-the-supreme-court-and-the-tamil-nadu-governor/article69431826.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412025002/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/legal-milestone-the-supreme-court-and-the-tamil-nadu-governor/article69431826.ece |archive-date=12 April 2025 |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of landmark court decisions in India]]
* [[S. R. Bommai v. Union of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Federalism in India]]
[[Category:Indian constitutional case law]]
[[Category:Indian federalism case law]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases in 2025]]

Lakkamanaickenpatti

2026-05-01T11:57:39Z

BethIlf498848137: creating a page

{{Short description|Town in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakkamanaickenpatti
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| area_footnotes = 10°52'16.8"N 77°38'33.5"E
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 231
| population_total = 4,177
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| governing_body = Vellakovil block
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Indian English|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 638111
| area_code_type = [[STD Code]]
| area_code = 04257
| registration_plate = TN 42y
| website =
| footnotes =
| unit_pref = Metric
| government_type =
| subdivision_type = Country
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|52|16.8|N|77|38|33.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| named_for =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[South India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kangeyam taluk|Kangeyam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| official_name = Lakkamanāyakkaṉpaṭṭi
}}
'''Lakkamanaickenpatti''' (or '''Lakkamanāyakkaṉpaṭṭi''') is a village located near [[Vellakoil]] of [[Tiruppur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAKKAMANAICKENPATTI Pin Code - 638111, Kangayam All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search ERODE Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/tamil-nadu/erode/lakkamanaickenpatti-pincode-638111.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

== Administration and politics ==
Lakkamanaickenpatti was a part of [[Coimbatore district]] and later [[Erode district]] and now [[Tiruppur district]]. Lakkamanaickenpatti comes under [[Kangayam taluk]], [[Tiruppur district]] and headquarters of [[Vellakovil block]].<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-06 |access-date=2008-10-11 |work=Tamil Nadu |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref> It falls under [[Kangayam Assembly constituency]] and [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Election commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS22101.htm?ac=101 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320103427/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/member_list.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-20 |publisher=Electro Commission of India}}</ref>

[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] are the major political parties in this area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-22 |title="பாஜக தன் தனித்துவத்தை நிரூபித்துவிட்டது"- அண்ணாமலை பெருமிதம்! |url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/24-by-7-news/thamizhagam/bharatiya-janata-party-has-proved-its-uniqueness-annamalai-proud |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=nakkheeran |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Vellakoil]]
* [[Dharapuram]]
* [[Uthiyur]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Tiruppur district}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruppur district]]

Sivarajan Solaimalai

2026-04-29T13:54:12Z

BethIlf498848137: created details!

{{Short description|Indian para badminton player (born 1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| nickname =
| full_name =
| birth_name =
| country =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|10|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = 
| weight = 
| years_active =
| retired =
| handedness =
| coach =
| event =
| career_record =
| titles =
| played =
| highest_ranking =
| highest_ranking_date =
| current_ranking =
| current_ranking_date =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|[[Para badminton]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{flagu|India}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Men's doubles SH6]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles SH6}}
}}

'''Sivarajan Solaimalai''' (born 5 October 1995) is a [[para badminton]] player from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He qualified to represent [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics|India]] at the [[2024 Summer Paralympics]] in the singles SH6 and mixed doubles SH6 [[Badminton at the 2024 Summer Paralympics|badminton events in Paris]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=13 Indian para-shuttlers, including champion Krishna Nagar, qualify for Paris Paralympics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/13-indian-para-shuttlers-including-champion-krishna-nagar-qualify-for-paris-paralympics/articleshow/110744476.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=தினமலர் |title=இன்றைய செய்திகள் {{!}} புதிய செய்திகள் {{!}} Today Latest News in Tamil {{!}} Tamil Nadu News in Tamil {{!}} Tamil News {{!}} Dinamalar |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-news |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.dinamalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> He represented India at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] at [[Hangzhou]], [[China]] and won a bronze medal in the doubles SH6 event along with Krishna Nagar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-26 |title=India creates history in Asian Para Games, takes tally to record 82 medals with 2 days left |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/india-creates-history-in-asian-para-games-takes-tally-to-record-82-medals-with-2-days-left/article67463230.ece |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
In June 2024, he won a silver medal in the 4 Nations Para Badminton International Level 1 tournament at Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>https://www.paralympicindia.org.in/indian-para-team-won14-medals-at-4-nations-para-badminton-international-level-1-at-glasgow-scotland</ref> He also won a bronze in singles and a silver in mixed doubles in the Spanish Para Badminton international event in 2024.

Earlier, he won a bronze in the mixed doubles at [[2022 Asian Para Games]]. He also won a mixed doubles gold along with [[Nithya Sre Sivan|Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan]] at the Brazil Para-Badminton International in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-17 |title=Nithya, Nitesh win singles gold at Brazil Para-Badminton International |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/nithya-nitesh-win-singles-gold-at-brazil-para-badminton-international/articleshow/99554395.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> He won a gold in the men's doubles partnering with [[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]] at the 2023 Canada Para Badminton International in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-20 |title=Jaipur's para shuttler Krishna wins two gold in Canada meet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jaipurs-para-shuttler-krishna-wins-two-gold-in-canada-meet/articleshow/101121124.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He made his Paralympic debut appearance representing [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]] and competed in men's badminton events. During the 2024 Paris Paralympics, he became an instant viral sensation in social media for his rally of badminton shots in the men's SH6 category singles match against Man Kai Chu of Hong Kong, where he literally played by diving on to his right and left directions on consecutive occasions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India shuttler Sivarajan Solaimalai's breathtaking dives break internet as fans bow down to 'flying' hero at Paralympics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/india-shuttler-sivarajan-solaimalais-breathtaking-dives-break-internet-as-fans-bow-down-to-flying-hero-at-paralympics-101725121960701.html |access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=Watch: Paralympian Sivarajan Solaimalai 'flies' to win point in Paris Games |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/paralympics/story/watch-paralympian-sivarajan-solaimalai-flies-to-win-point-in-paris-games-2591336-2024-08-31 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> His proactive tactful handling of shot selections during the match against Man Kai Chu took internet by storm and his range of shots became subject of content in Instagram reels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viral Video: Indian shuttler Sivarajan Solaimalai's 'flying shots' in Men's Singles event steal the show |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/news/viral-video-indian-shuttler-sivarajan-solaimalais-flying-shots-during-paris-paralympics-2024-sparks-buzz-on-internet-11725103340581.html |access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India Badminton Star Sivarajan Solaimalai's 'Flying Return' At Paralympics Is Viral. Watch {{!}} Olympics News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/paralympic-games-2024/india-badminton-star-sivarajan-solaimalai-s-flying-return-at-paralympics-is-viral-watch-6457508 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{BWFB|P87664}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivarajan, Solaimalai}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male para-badminton players]]
[[Category:Paralympic badminton players for India]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in badminton]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

George Renny (British Army officer)

2026-04-28T16:40:10Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{for|the Scottish surgeon|George Renny (surgeon)}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = [[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]]
|name= George Renny
|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|VC}}
|birth_date=12 May 1825
|death_date=5 January 1887 (aged 61)
|birth_place= [[Riga]], [[Russian Empire]]
|death_place=[[Bath, Somerset]]
|burial_place=[[Locksbrook Cemetery]] [[Bath, England|Bath]], England
|image= File:George Renny VC.jpg
|image_size=175
|caption=
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{UK}}
|rank=[[Major-General]]
|branch=[[Bengal Army]] [[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]
|commands=
|unit=[[Bengal Horse Artillery]] [[Royal Artillery]]
|battles=[[First Anglo-Sikh War]] [[Indian Mutiny]]
|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]
}}
Major-General '''George Alexander Renny''' [[Victoria Cross|VC]] (12 May 1825 – 5 January 1887) was an [[East India Company Army]] and later [[British Army]] officer and a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces.

==Early life==
Renny was the son of a British merchant settled at [[Riga]] on the Baltic Sea. After moving to Scotland as a boy, he was educated at [[Montrose Academy]]<ref name=ODNB/> and [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]].<ref>Philip A. Wilkins, ''The History of the Victoria Cross: Being an account of the 520 acts of bravery for which the decoration has been awarded and portraits of 392 recipients'', Andrews UK Limited, 2012, {{ISBN|1781516731}}, 9781781516737</ref>

In June 1844 Renny was commissioned second lieutenant in the [[Bengal_Army#Bengal_Horse_Artillery|Bengal Horse Artillery]], taking part in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First Sikh War]], including the [[battle of Sobraon]] on 10 February 1846. In 1849 he married Flora Hastings MacWhirter, the daughter of Dr [[John MacWhirter (physician)|John MacWhirter]], late President of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]. They had three sons and three daughters.<ref name=ODNB>{{cite ODNB |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/23379 |title=Renny, George Alexander |last1=Vetch |first1=R.H.|last2=Stearn |first2=Roger T.|editor-first1=Roger T. |editor-last1=Stearn |year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/23379 |access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>

==Victoria Cross action==
Renny was 32 years old, and a Lieutenant in the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]], [[Bengal Army]] during the [[Indian Mutiny]] on 16 September 1857 at [[siege of Delhi]], when the following deed led to the award of the Victoria Cross:

The storming of Delhi took place between 14–16 September 1857, the aim of the British being to dislodge the mutineers and retake the city. When the Delhi Field Force renewed its advance on 16 September, its progress was steady and sustained. Siege guns had been brought into the city and began battering a breach in the repaired walls of the arsenal allowing the [[61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot|61st Regiment]] and the [[10th Baluch Regiment|Baluchi Battalion]] to storm the building.

Within the arsenal were no less than 171 guns and howitzers and a large quantity of ammunition. Realising the enormity of their loss, the mutineers mounted a serious counter-attack, covered by musketry fire from the roofs of nearby buildings. They set fire to the thatched roof of a shed containing explosives. With musket balls cracking around him and in imminent danger of being blown apart, Second Lieutenant [[Edward Thackeray]] of the Bengal Engineers extinguished the blaze. Simultaneously, Lieutenant George Renny of the Bengal Horse Artillery climbed the arsenal's wall and flung several shells with lighted fuses into the midst of the attackers. The carnage caused by the explosion of these put an end to the attack. Both Thackeray<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22621|page=2229|date=29 April 1862}}</ref> and Renny were awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions.

The citation in the ''[[London Gazette]]'' of 12 April 1859 read:

<blockquote>Delhi, Indian Mutiny, 16 September 1857, Captain George Alexander Renny, Bengal Horse Artillery. Lieutenant-Colonel Farquhar, Commanding the 1st Belooch Regiment, reports that he was in command of the troops stationed in the Delhi magazine, after its capture on 16 September 1857. Early in the forenoon of that day, a vigorous attack was made on the post by the enemy, and was kept up with great force for some time, without the slightest chance of success. Under cover of a heavy cross fire from the high houses on the right flank of the magazine, and from Selinghur and the Palace, the enemy advanced to the high wall of the magazine, and endeavoured to set fire to a thatched roof. The roof was partially set fire to, which was extinguished at the spot by a Sepoy of the Belooch battalion, a soldier of the 61st Regiment having in vain attempted to do so.

The roof having been again set on fire, Captain Renny with great gallantry mounted to the top of the wall of the magazine, and flung several shells with lighted fuzes over into the midst of the enemy, which had an almost immediate effect, as the attack at once became feeble at that point, and soon after ceased there.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22248|page=1483|date=12 April 1859}}</ref></blockquote>

George Renny was invested with his Victoria Cross by Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle on 9 November 1860.<ref name=VCOrg/>

==Later life==
After further service during the Indian Mutiny, Renny was promoted to captain in April 1858 and to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] major in July 1858 for his services at Delhi. Becoming a brevet lieutenant-colonel in June 1867, he commanded a battery of horse artillery during the Hazara and Black Mountain campaign of 1868. He was promoted regimental lieutenant-colonel in August 1871, and brevet colonel in August 1876.<ref name=ODNB/> He was granted the honorary rank of major general upon retirement in December 1878.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24668|page=174|date=14 January 1879}}</ref>

Major-General Renny died at his home in [[Bath, England]] on 5 January 1887, aged 61,<ref name=ODNB/> and is buried in [[Locksbrook Cemetery]]. In early 2007 his grave was cleaned and refurbished by [[T Battery (Shah Sujah's Troop) Royal Artillery]], successor unit of the Bengal Horse Artillery.<ref name=VCOrg>[http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/bbrenny.htm George Renny's Grave ''Victoriacross.org'' ]</ref>

His Victoria Cross is displayed in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery of the [[Imperial War Museum]] in London.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lordashcroftmedals.com/collection/george-alexander-renny-vc/ |title=Lord Ashcroft Medal Collection: George Renny |access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041028141858/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/avon.htm Location of grave] ''(Avon)''
* {{Find a Grave|7828062}} – shows grave before cleaning

{{DEFAULTSORT:Renny, George Alexander}}
[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:1825 births]]
[[Category:1887 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Croydon]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Sikh War]]
[[Category:British Army major generals]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:Graduates of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:Burials at Locksbrook Cemetery, Bath]]

Khojki script

2026-04-28T15:03:43Z

BethIlf498848137: Creating new post w/ sources

{{Short description|Abugida script}}
{{distinguish|Kojiki}}
{{About|the script|the language|Luwati language}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Writing system
| name = Khojkī
| altname = {{script|Khoj|𑈉𑈲𑈐𑈈𑈮}}
| type = [[Abugida]]
| sample = Khojki Varnamala.png
| caption = Khojki Alphabet Chart
| languages = [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
| time = 15th century — 20th century
| region = India, Pakistan, Sindh
| fam1 = [[Proto-Sinaitic script]]
| fam2 = [[Phoenician alphabet]]
| fam3 = [[Aramaic alphabet]]
| footnotes =
| fam4 = [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]
| fam5 = [[Gupta script|Gupta]]
| fam6 = [[Śāradā script|Śāradā]]
| fam7 = [[Laṇḍā scripts|Landa]]
| sisters = [[Gurmukhi]], [[Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]], [[Mahajani]], [[Multani script|Multani]]
| iso15924 = Khoj
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11200.pdf U+11200–U+1124F] 
[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11021-khojki.pdf Final Accepted Script Proposal]
| note = none
}}
{{brahmic}}
'''Khojkī''' or '''Khojā Sindhī''' ({{langx|sd|خوجڪي}} ([[Arabic script]]) खोजकी ([[Devanagari]])), is a script used formerly and almost exclusively by the [[Khoja]] community of parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]], including [[Sindh]], [[Gujarat]], and [[Punjab]], and by members of Ismaili communities from Myanmar to Africa.<ref name=":1"/> The Khojki script is one of the earliest forms of written [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Khojki Script |journal=Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100035939 |language=en}}</ref> The name "Khojki" is likely derived from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word ''khoja'', which means "master", or "lord".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Surani |first=Iqbal |date=2017 |title=Satpanthī Khoja-s to Shīʿa Imāmī Ismāʿīlī Ṭarīqa The Construction of Religious Identity of the Khoja-s Imāmī Ismāʿīlī of South Asia. |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341346. |journal=Studia Islamica|volume=112 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1163/19585705-12341346 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

As a scholarly article from 2022 has demonstrated, referring to the script as "Khojki" is a relatively new phenomenon, coined by the Russian scholar Wladimir Ivanow. This neologism began to replace the original terms used by Ismailis such as Sindhi and (when necessary to distinguish it from other forms of Sindhi script) Khwajah Sindhi. By this, they did not necessarily mean the Sindhi language, but rather the script utilized by their community, known as the Khwajahs or Khojas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Virani |first=Shafique N. |date=2022-01-01 |title=Khwājah Sindhi (Khojki): Its Name, Manuscripts and Origin |url=https://www.academia.edu/83720175 |journal=Texts, Scribesand Transmission |pages=280}}</ref> To avoid confusion, the British administrative bureaucracy added the term Khwajah, referring to the script as "Khwajah Sindhi" The Ismailis sometimes did the same to distinguish the script from the language, as well as from other scripts used in Sindh.

The Khwajah Ismaili community continued using the traditional term ‘Sindhi’ alongside the neologism ‘Khojki.’ However, many scholars writing in English and other Western languages dropped the traditional term ‘Sindhi’ was adopting the invented term ‘Khojki.’

The script was employed primarily to record Ismaili religious and devotional literature; most notably in the form of poetry called ''gināns'' (a term derived from the Sanskrit ''jnāna'' meaning contemplative knowledge).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=25}}</ref> Khojkī belongs to a family of scripts classified as ''landā'' or ‘clipped’ alphabets primarily employed as commercial and mercantile scripts by various Hindu communities of Sind and Punjab.<ref>Bruce, Juan, “The Origins, Evolution, and Decline of the Khojki Script,” Dissertation, University of Reading, 2015), p. 33.</ref> It is one of the two [[Landa scripts|Landā scripts]] used for liturgy, the other being the [[Gurmukhī alphabet]], which is associated with [[Sikhism]].<ref name="Asani 2002 106">{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=106}}</ref>

==History and evolution of the script==
[[File:Shukla Khojki.svg|thumb|The word ''Khojki'' written in Khojki script.]]
[[File:Ginan pir shams.jpg|thumb|[[Ginans|Ginan]] attributed to [[Pir Shams]] from Mahan.]]
According to the Nizari Ismaili tradition [[Pir Sadardin]], the 15th-century ''dā’ī'' (preacher), invented the Khojkī script. While it is now firmly established through epigraphic evidence that the script predates the arrival of the ''dā’ī'' in the form of the Lohānākī or Lārī script, scholars argue that it is very likely that Pīr Ṣadr al-Dīn did in fact play a pivotal role in the evolution, refinement, and the more widespread use of the script.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=101}}</ref> Dr. Ali Asani, a leading scholar of Ismaili literature and one of the very few academics to systematically study Khojkī manuscripts concludes: "we may surmise that Khojkī is most likely a polished or more developed form of Lohānakī with the legendary Pīr Ṣadr al-Dīn perhaps having played a role in its evolution."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=126}}</ref>

The early versions of this script were primarily used for trade and mercantilist documentation and by their nature were not well equipped to record literature. Several main issues included: a very limited vowel system, lack of separation between words, inconsistent orthography, together with redundant and ambiguous characters. Despite the apparent deficiencies of the script, this did not mean that there were not already widespread local literary traditions, but rather that they existed primarily in oral forms. Over time solutions to some of these major issues were introduced into the script, with one of the most significant being the development of medial vowel marks called ''lākanā.''<ref>Asani later notes that “it is possible that the ''dā’ī'' Pīr Ṣadr al-Dīn, whom the tradition credits with the invention of the script, may have been responsible rather for introducing the ''lākanā'' and possibly other refinements to Kohjkī.” See ''Ecstasy and Enlightenment'', 104.</ref> A colon-like form of punctuation was also introduced to distinguish between words. Although these developments came rather early and facilitated the recording of ''gināns,'' based on manuscript evidence, it can be inferred that the scrip was continuously evolving right up until the late 19th century. However, it was a common practice for old and deteriorating manuscripts to be respectfully destroyed upon being recopied, thus making tracing the evolution of the script across time a challenge. Apart from the unknown number of manuscripts in private collections, there are currently three institutional collections at the ITREB-Pakistan (Ismaili Tariqa and Religious Education Board) in Karachi, at the IIS (Institute of Ismaili Studies) in London, and at Harvard University.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=107}}</ref>

In adapting to new printing technologies, the Khojkī script entered a new stage of its development in the early 20th century under the auspice of Lāljī Devrājī, who compiled, edited, and published a range of materials in Khojkī through his Khoja Sindhi Printing Press in Bombay.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=108}}</ref> Despite these efforts to utilize various new printing technologies, Dr. Asani reflects that "ironically, the introduction of printing may have also sounded the deathknell for the script."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=109}}</ref> Several factors contributed to this decline. During the early 20th century, the "publication of religious literature was centralized and brought under the control of community institutions."<ref name=":0" /> While on the one hand this larger institutional backing aided in more widespread availability and distribution of texts in Khojkī. On the other, "regional variations were a serious problem" because of the "lack of uniformity in the script in different geographical areas."<ref name=":1" /> Additionally, efforts made by the Ismaili Imamate institution to standardize rituals and shift away from the more "Indic" elements that became part of religious, cultural, and linguistic identity of Khoja communities also played a significant role in the shift away from using the Khojkī script.<ref>Bruce, Juan, “The Origins, Evolution, and Decline of the Khojki Script” (Dissertation, University of Reading, 2015), 61. See also Michel Boivin, “Gināns and the Management of the Religious Heritage of the Ismaili Khojas in Sindh,” In ''Gināns: Texts and Contexts'' (Delhi: Primus Books, 2010).</ref> Even though Khojkī is no longer a "living script" access to this corpus can provide unique insights into the ways in which the Ismaili tradition grew and adapted in this specific cultural context, as well as offering insights into how this community envisioned and constructed their own history and identity.

== Script and identity ==
As is explained by Michel Boivin, for the contemporary Khoja community, because the ''gināns'' are at the core of the Khoja religious heritage, "they quickly became a crucial stake in the process of identity construction."<ref>Boivin, Michel, “Gināns and the Management of the Religious Heritage of the Ismaili Khojas in Sindh,” In ''Gināns: Texts and Contexts'' (Delhi: Primus Books, 2010), 47.</ref> Asani argues that "in the Ismaili case the adoption of the Khojkī script, a ‘local’ script, was probably part of the attempt to make religious literature more accessible by recording it in a script with which the local population had the greatest familiarity."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asani |first=Ali |title=Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2002 |pages=105}}</ref> In reflecting upon the larger history of the script and the literary tradition Asani also posits several other reasons as to why Khojkī was adopted and continuously refined by the local Ismaili community:<blockquote>…by providing an exclusive means of written expression commonly shared by Ismailis living in the three regions (Sind, Punjab and Gujrat), was influential in the development of the cohesion and self-identity within a widely scattered and linguistically diverse religious community. No doubt the script facilitated the flow and the transmission of religious literature from one area to another. Use of the script may have also served to confine religious literature within the community—this precaution being necessary to avoid persecution from outsiders not in agreement with the community’s doctrines and practices. In this respect, Khojkī may have served the same purpose as the secret languages, such as the so-called ''Balabailān'' language, used by Muslim mystics to hide their more esoteric thoughts from the common people.<ref name="Asani 2002 106"/></blockquote>

==Characters==
[[File:First page of the Khat Nirinjan composition written in Khojki script, ca.1895.jpg|thumb|First page of the Khat Nirinjan composition written in Khojki script, 1895]]
Traditionally, diphthong vowels were written as a combination of vowel forms, and there were multiple forms of writing some of them. This is also true of the virama. There are also contextual variants of consonant-vowel combinations for some vowels, as is found in the [[Modi script]]. For conjuncts, there are a few 'inherent' conjuncts found in most Indic scripts, such as ''ksa, jna'', and ''tra'', and ''dra'' is also found in addition. Most consonants are written using the virama pattern, as is found in the [[Saurashtra script]] or in the [[Tamil script]], but some are written with a reduced consonant form on the second consonant in the cluster, typically with ra and ya. Gemination is indicated with the Arabic shadda, while nasalization is indicated with an anusvara that is reminiscent of Devanagari in position but of [[Telugu script|Telugu]], [[Kannada script|Kannada]], or [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] in shape. The nukta is composed of three dots, similar to the three dots found in modifying historically Arabic letters in the Persian script, and it is added to certain letters to form Arabic sounds. They can sometimes be ambiguous, with the nukta over the same letter sometimes mapping to multiple Arabic letters, as in ''ja'' or as in ''sa''. Punctuation exists for marking word boundaries using colon-like marks, section boundaries using a combination of colon-like marks and double danda-like marks, and other Latin punctuation is also present. Abbreviation marks are represented by a small circle to the side, as is found in Modi and in [[Goykanadi]]. Verse numbering is indicated by an overline and digits and number forms typically use those found throughout North India in the region. Some additional letters and forms have been found, are detailed in the Unicode Proposal, and are being researched.

Over time some of the characters represented different sounds, which makes it difficult to read certain texts with the historical phonological values as compared to those with the modern phonological values known to most modern readers of published Ismaili literature. This is particularly true of the implosives, aspirants, and normal forms of ''ba, da,'' and ''ja'', which shifted to render the implosive letter as a normal letter phonologically, the normal letter as an aspirant letter phonologically, and rendered the aspirant letter unnecessary. The implosive for ''ja'' began to represent ''za''.

== Sample text ==
Below is Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human rights]] in the various sripts used to write Sindhi:<ref name="UDHR_Sindhi">{{cite web |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/snd.pdf|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Sindhi|trans-title=انساني حقن جو عالمي پڌرنامو |url-status=live|archive-date=10 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210071104/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/snd.pdf|website=OHCHR.org |publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|page=2|language=sd|access-date=15 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Khojki ===
{{lang|sd-Khoj|{{bo-textonly|𑈛𑈠𑈶𑈀 ૧: 𑈩𑈤𑈯𑈦𑈬 𑉀𑈴𑈩𑈬𑈞 𑈁𑈐𑈶𑈬𑈛 𑈅𑈴 𑉀𑈐𑈶𑈷𑈙 𑈅𑈴 𑈪𑈿𑈞 𑈐𑈮 𑈪𑈨𑈬𑈧𑈰 𑈉𑈬𑈴 𑈡𑈦𑈬𑈡𑈦 𑈟𑈱𑈛𑈬 𑈚𑈭𑈥𑈬 𑈁𑈪𑈭𑈞𑈻 𑉀𑈞𑈵𑈪𑈞 𑈉𑈰 𑈀𑈿𑈵𑈧 𑈅𑈴 𑈐𑈶𑈤𑈮𑈦 𑈪𑈬𑈩𑈭𑈧 𑈚𑈭𑈥𑈲 𑈁𑈪𑈰, 𑉀𑈞 𑈈𑈦𑈰 𑉀𑈞𑈵𑈪𑈞 𑈉𑈰 𑈪𑈭𑈈 𑈢𑈭𑈄 𑈩𑈬𑈴 𑈣𑈬𑈂𑈎𑈬𑈦𑈰 𑈨𑈬𑈦𑈲 𑈩𑈯𑈧𑈯𑈈 𑉀𑈉𑈶𑈵𑈙𑈭𑈥𑈬𑈦 𑈈𑈦𑈘 𑈌𑈯𑈦𑈐𑈰𑈸𑈼}}}}
=== Devanagari ===
{{lang|sd-deva|{{bo-textonly|दफ़अ १: समूरा इंसान आज़ाद ऐं इज़्ज़त ऐं हक़न जी हवाले खां बराबर पैदा थिया आहिन। इन्हन खे अक़्ल ऐं ज़मीर हासिल थियो आहे, इन करे इन्हन खे हिक ॿिए सां भाईचारे वारो सुलूक इख़्तियार करण घुरजे॥}}}}
=== Romanisation ===
Dafa 1. Samūrā insān āzād aĩ 'izzat aĩ haqan jī havālē khā̃ barābar paidā thiyā āhin. Inhan khē aqul aĩ zamīr hāsil thiyō āhē, in karē inhan khē hik ɓiē sā̃ bhāīchārē vārō sulūk ikhtiyār karaṇ ghurjē.
=== IPA Transliteration ===
d̪əfə eːk. səmuːɾaː ɪnsaːn aːzaːd̪ ɛ̃ ɪzːət̪ ɛ̃ həqən d͡ʒiː həʋaːleː kʰãː bəɾaːbəɾ pɛːd̪aː tʰɪjaː aːhɪn. ɪnʱən kʰeː əqʊl ɛ̃ zəmiːɾ haːsɪl tʰɪjoː aːheː, ɪn kəɾeː ɪnʱən kʰeː hɪk ɓɪ.eː sãː bʱaːiːt͡ʃaːɾeː ʋaːɾoː sʊluːk ɪxt̪ɪjaːɾ kəɾəɳ gʱʊɾd͡ʒeː
=== Translation ===
'''Article 1:''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

==Unicode==
{{Main article|Khojki (Unicode block)|Common Indic Number Forms|l2=Common Indic Number Forms (Unicode block)}}
Khojki script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in June, 2014 with the release of version 7.0.

The Unicode block for Khojki is U+11200–U+1124F:

{{Unicode chart Khojki}}

Number forms and unit marks used in Khojki documents are located in the Common Indic Number Forms Unicode block (U+A830–U+U+A83F):<ref name="n3978">{{cite web |last1=Pandey |first1=Anshuman |date=2011-01-28 |title=N3978: Final Proposal to Encode the Khojki Script in ISO/IEC 10646 |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11021-khojki.pdf |publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2}}</ref>

{{Unicode chart Common Indic Number Forms}}

==See also==
* [[Khoja]]
* [[Ginans]]
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
* [[Kutchi language]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commonscat}}
{{list of writing systems}}

[[Category:Obsolete writing systems]]
[[Category:Ismailism]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Gujarati language]]
[[Category:Sindhi language]]

Somdev Devvarman

2026-04-24T12:13:50Z

BethIlf498848137: created info!

{{short description|Indian tennis player}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
|name=Somdev Devvarman
|image=Somdev Devvarman 5, 2015 Wimbledon Qualifying - Diliff.jpg
|caption=Devvarman at the [[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|2015 Wimbledon Qualifying]]
|fullname=Somdev Kishore Devvarman
|country_represented={{IND}}
|residence=[[Charlottesville, Virginia]], U.S.
|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1985|02|13}}
|birth_place=[[Agartala|Agartala, Tripura]], India
|death_date=
|death_place=
|height={{convert|1.80|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
|college=[[University of Virginia]]
|turnedpro=2008<ref name=atp-somdev-devvarman>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Somdev-K-Devvarman.aspx|title=Somdev Devvarman|publisher=ATP World Tour|access-date=25 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606020849/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Somdev-K-Devvarman.aspx|archive-date=6 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|retired=2017 {{small|(last match 2016)}}
|plays=Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
|careerprizemoney=[[US$|$]]1,459,122
|tennishofyear=
|tennishofid=
|website=
|singlesrecord={{tennis record|won=62|lost=81|details=in [[ATP Tour]] and [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] main draw matches, and in [[Davis Cup]]|small=yes}}
|singlestitles=0
|highestsinglesranking=No. 62 (25 July 2011)
|AustralianOpenresult=2R ([[2013 Australian Open – Men's singles|2013]])
|FrenchOpenresult=2R ([[2013 French Open – Men's singles|2013]])
|Wimbledonresult=2R ([[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|2011]])
|USOpenresult=2R ([[2009 US Open – Men's singles|2009]], [[2013 US Open – Men's singles|2013]])
|Othertournaments=yes
|MastersCupresult=
|WTAChampionshipsresult=
|Olympicsresult=1R ([[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|2012]])
|doublesrecord={{tennis record|won=19|lost=26|details=in [[ATP Tour]] and [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] main draw matches, and in [[Davis Cup]]|small=yes}}
|doublestitles=0
|highestdoublesranking=No. 139 (31 October 2011)
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult= 2R ([[2010 Australian Open – Men's doubles|2010]])
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult= 1R ([[2011 French Open – Men's doubles|2011]])
|WimbledonDoublesresult= 2R ([[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles|2011]])
|USOpenDoublesresult= 3R ([[2011 US Open – Men's doubles|2011]])
|OthertournamentsDoubles=
|MastersCupDoublesresult=
|WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult=
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|Mixed=
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'''Somdev Kishore Devvarman''' (born 13 February 1985) is an Indian former professional [[tennis]] player. He is known for being one of the few collegiate players to have made three consecutive finals at the [[NCAA Men's Tennis Championship|NCAA]], winning back-to-back finals in his junior and senior years at the [[University of Virginia]]. Only three other players have matched that record since 1950. His 44–1 win–loss record in 2008 at the NCAA Men's Tennis Championship was the best record since 1971.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginia.edu/uvatoday/newsRelease.php?id=5336|title=Devvarman Repeats as NCAA Tennis Singles Champion|publisher=VirginiaSports.com|access-date=6 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805234512/http://www.virginia.edu/uvatoday/newsRelease.php?id=5336|archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref>

His best achievement on the ATP World Tour was reaching the final of the [[Chennai Open]] in 2009, as a wild card entry. In 2010, Somdev won the gold medal in the [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|men's singles]] event of [[2010 Commonwealth Games|XIXth Commonwealth Games]] at the R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium in New Delhi, and he followed it up with both men's singles and doubles gold in the [[2010 Asian Games]] in Guangzhou, China. He was coached by Scott McCain.

In 2011, Devvarman received the [[Arjuna Award]] from the Indian government for his tennis successes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|title=LIST OF ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS – Football {{!}} Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm#Football|archive-date=25 December 2007|access-date=25 December 2007|website=yas.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Arjuna Awardees (1961–2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718084523/https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2011/09/Features/Devvarman-Receives-Arjuna-Award.aspx|title=Tennis – ATP World Tour – Devvarman Presented With Arjuna Award|publisher=ATP World Tour|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023082407/http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2011/09/Features/Devvarman-Receives-Arjuna-Award.aspx|archive-date=23 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2017, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, appointed him as the national observer for tennis.<ref>{{cite news|title=Government designates 12 Olympians as National Observers|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/government-designates-12-olympians-as-national-observers-4577915/|access-date=30 March 2017|agency=PTI|work=The Indian Express|date=20 March 2017|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710185454/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/government-designates-12-olympians-as-national-observers-4577915/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, he was awarded with the civilian award [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-padma-awards-2018-announced-ms-dhoni-sharda-sinha-among-85-recipients-here-s-complete-list-424273|title=Padma awards 2018 announced, MS Dhoni, Sharda Sinha among 85 recipients: Here's complete list|publisher=India TV|date=25 January 2018|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126125740/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-padma-awards-2018-announced-ms-dhoni-sharda-sinha-among-85-recipients-here-s-complete-list-424273|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Somdev was born into a [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] [[Hindu]] family in [[Guwahati]], Assam to Ranjana and Pravanjan Dev Varman, a retired income tax commissioner. He belongs to the Indian state of [[Tripura]]. His family moved to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] when he was 3 to 4 months old and stayed there until he was 8.<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091026/jsp/entertainment/story_11656530.jsp|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|first=He|last=Is|title=Racquetman|date=26 October 2009|access-date=27 July 2011|archive-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102132156/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091026/jsp/entertainment/story_11656530.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> His father's work took the family to Madras ([[Chennai]]) where Somdev grew up, beginning tennis at age 9, and studied at [[Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/article1019051.ece|location=Chennai, India|work=The Hindu|first=Kunal|last=Diwan|title=Somdev hopes to break into the top 50|date=31 December 2010|access-date=31 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103030111/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/article1019051.ece|archive-date=3 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Devvarman started competing in [[Futures tournaments]] in 2002 at the age of 17. His biggest achievement during this time was a victory in the [[Kolkata]] F2 championship in 2004, after which he rose to 666 in the world rankings. He moved to the USA later that year and competed less regularly while at the [[University of Virginia]]. Somdev, while at college, won the 2007 [[NCAA Men's Tennis Championship|NCAA]] Singles Championship by defeating Georgia Bulldog's senior, the top seed [[John Isner]] in the final. A year later, he defeated Tennessee's J.P. Smith to win his second consecutive NCAA Singles National Championship. Devvarman becomes the 13th player in the 124-year history of the tournament to win consecutive titles, and just the fourth to do so in the past 50 years with an unprecedented 44–1 record in 2008. Somdev finished university with a degree in sociology and turned pro in the summer of 2008. He won his first career title that year at a Futures tournament in Rochester, New York. The University of Virginia retired Devvarman's jersey in 2009.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSqJxjLaB64 Devvarman's Jersey Retired] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207114654/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSqJxjLaB64 |date=7 December 2013 }} Youtube, 26 January 2009</ref> At the end of 2010, he was felicitated by the Tamil Nadu Tennis Association in Chennai.

==Professional results==
[[File:The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Ajay Maken presenting the Arjuna Award for the year 2011 to Tennis Player Shri Somdev Kishore Devvarman, in New Delhi on September 20, 2011.jpg|thumb|The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Youth Affairs and Sports, [[Ajay Maken]] presenting the Arjuna Award for the year 2011 to Somdev Kishore Devvarman, in New Delhi on 20 September 2011]]

===Early career===
After graduating from the University of Virginia, Devvarman started his professional career at the Futures tournament in Rochester, New York, where he won the singles title. He and his former university partner, [[Treat Huey]], won the doubles title. The next week at another Futures match in Pittsburgh, Devvarman and Huey won the doubles title, and Devvarman the singles.

Devvarman made the final of the [[Kennedy Funding Invitational]] in New York in July 2007. In a clay-court non-tour event which included several players ranked in the top 150, Devvarman defeated [[Ricardo Mello]], [[Robert Kendrick]], and [[Justin Gimelstob]], before losing a three-set match to No. 69 [[Michael Russell (tennis)|Michael Russell]] in the final. He returned and won the tournament in 2008, beating [[Sam Querrey]] and [[Dudi Sela]] along the way.

On 27 July 2008, Devvarman won the Lexington Challenger, first coming through qualifying, and then beating players including [[Bobby Reynolds]], [[Xavier Malisse]], and [[Robert Kendrick]] to take the title. He received automatic entry into the Vancouver Open and reached the quarterfinals, before his first professional defeat, by [[Go Soeda]].

In August 2008, Devvarman made the quarterfinals of the [[Legg Mason Tennis Classic]], first beating [[Sam Warburg]], [[Jamie Baker (tennis)|Jamie Baker]], and Soeda to qualify, and then beating [[Taylor Dent]] and [[Robert Kendrick]] in the main draw, before losing to Russian [[Igor Kunitsyn]].

At the [[BCR Bucharest Open]], Devvarman lost to world No. 18 [[Nicolás Almagro]] after winning the first set in the first round, having beaten No. 93 Italian [[Filippo Volandri]] in the final round of qualifying. Devvarman ended 2008 ranked as world No. 204. He had started the year at No. 1033.

===2009: First ATP final===
[[File:Somdev Devvarman.JPG|thumb|Somdev Devvarman in New York]]
Devvarman reached his first [[ATP Tour]] final at the [[2009 Chennai Open]], the first tournament of the new season, beating two-time Chennai Open champion and world No. 42 [[Carlos Moyá]] of Spain and No. 25 [[Ivo Karlović]] of Croatia. [[Rainer Schüttler]] of Germany pulled out due to injury in the semifinals, meaning that Devvarman progressed to the final. In the final, he lost to [[Marin Čilić]] of Croatia.

At the year's first Grand Slam, the Australian Open, Somdev was seeded 28th in singles qualifying. He beat [[Prakash Amritraj]] in his first qualifying round; then lost to unseeded [[Łukasz Kubot]] of Poland in the second round. After some poor results in qualifying and Challenger tournaments, Somdev had a successful [[Davis Cup]] campaign, winning both his matches against [[Chinese Taipei Davis Cup team|Chinese Taipei]], including a critical reverse singles match against world No. 59 [[Yen-Hsun Lu]] to lead [[India Davis Cup team|India]] to victory.

In the second Grand Slam of 2009, the French Open, Devvarman was seeded 26th in singles qualifying. He defeated [[João Souza]] of Brazil in the first round and ousted Brit [[Alex Bogdanovic]] before losing to third seed and world No. 96 [[Marcos Daniel]]. At the third Grand Slam of the year, Wimbledon, Somdev, seeded 14th in qualifying, failed to advance to the singles draw, losing in the first round to [[Jean-Rene Lisnard]] of Monaco. In doubles, Devvarman and partner [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]] advanced to the main draw, but lost to the fourth-seeded pair [[Mahesh Bhupathi]] and [[Mark Knowles]].

Devvarman had poor clay- and grass-court seasons, but was more successful upon return to hard courts, reaching the semifinals of the [[Comerica Bank Challenger]]. He then caused a major upset in the [[Legg Mason Tennis Classic]], avenging his defeat in the Chennai Open against [[Marin Čilić]]. After beating Poland's [[Jerzy Janowicz]], Devvarman became the first Indian in the main draw of a Grand Slam singles tournament since [[Prakash Amritraj]] in 2002.

In the [[2009 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], Devvarman beat Janowicz to qualify for his first Grand Slam singles main draw. He beat [[Frederico Gil]] in the first round. In the second round, he lost to 24th seed [[Philipp Kohlschreiber]] of Germany.

===2010===
[[File:XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi Somdev Devvarman of India in action against Amresh Jayawickreme of Sri Lanka, at R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium, in New Delhi on October 06, 2010.jpg|thumb|XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi Somdev Devvarman in action against Amresh Jayawickreme of Sri Lanka, at R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium, in New Delhi on 6 October 2010]]

Devvarman reached the quarterfinals of the [[2010 SA Tennis Open|SA Open]] in [[Johannesburg]]. He also reached the second round of the [[ATP World Tour 500 series]] [[2010 Dubai Tennis Championships|Dubai Tennis Championships]], where he lost against [[Marcos Baghdatis]]. He also led India's [[2010 Davis Cup|Davis Cup]] team in their match against [[Russia Davis Cup team|Russia]].

Somdev qualified for the [[2010 French Open]] and lost to Switzerland's [[Marco Chiudinelli]] in the first round. He achieved direct entry to the [[2010 US Open (tennis)|2010 US Open]], where he lost to [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]] in the first round. Somdev competed at Wimbledon in the doubles draw with former UVA teammate, [[Treat Huey]], where they lost to [[Rohan Bopanna]] and [[Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi]].

On 10 October 2010, Somdev won the men's tennis gold medal in the [[2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games 2010]] at Delhi by beating [[Greg Jones (tennis)|Greg Jones]] of Australia in straight sets. On 23 November 2010, Somdev also won the singles gold medal in the [[2010 Asian Games]] at Guangzhou, China by beating [[Denis Istomin]] of Uzbekistan in straight sets. The day before, he had teamed up with [[Sanam Singh]] to win the gold in the doubles event.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/16th-asian-games-2010/india-news/Asian-Games-Somdev-Devvarman-wins-seventh-gold-for-India/articleshow/6974595.cms|title=Asian Games: Somdev Devvarman wins seventh gold for India|date=23 November 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124032203/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/16th-asian-games-2010/india-news/Asian-Games-Somdev-Devvarman-wins-seventh-gold-for-India/articleshow/6974595.cms|archive-date=24 November 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> However, because tennis at both the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games are not ATP tour events, Somdev did not gain any ATP ranking points.

Somdev rose to a career high ranking of No. 94 on 25 October.

===2011: Breakthrough===
Somdev started 2011 ranked at No. 108. He started the season with the [[Chennai Open]], an ATP 250 tournament, and lost to qualifier [[David Goffin]] in the first round.

Somdev got a wild card to the [[2011 Australian Open]] due to his good performance in 2010. Playing this tournament for the first time in his career, he lost to [[Tommy Robredo]] in the first round. Somdev was top seed in the Singapore challenger tournament, where he lost to [[Andrej Martin]] of Slovakia in the quarterfinals.

Somdev was given direct entry into the [[South African Tennis Open 2011]], an ATP 250 tournament, by virtue of his good ranking in the ATP circuit. He lost to [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]] in the final. After this tournament, Somdev reached a ranking of No. 80 as he claimed 150 ATP points from this tournament. He then travelled to Dubai, where he obtained a wild card for the [[2011 Dubai Tennis Championships]]. He faced world No. 2 [[Roger Federer]] in the first round of the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships, where he lost. Somdev lost 45 ATP points due to this defeat and moved to No. 93.

Then Somdev went to Serbia for the first round of the [[Davis Cup]] World Group. Somdev played two singles rubbers and one doubles against the Serbs. He defeated [[Janko Tipsarević]] in the second rubber. Somdev showed remarkable resilience in rallying from an identical down 1–4 in the first two sets and clinching the third set on a tie-break to overpower world No. 45 Tipsarević. After this match, India managed to keep the scoreline on 1–1 the opening day. In the fourth rubber of the tie, Somdev faced [[Victor Troicki]] and lost. Somdev moved to No. 84 on the ATP charts on 7 March 2011.

After playing the Davis Cup, Somdev played at the [[BNP Paribas Open]]. Somdev reached the fourth round of the tournament. This is his best performance at an [[ATP Masters 1000]] event so far. He started the tournament from qualification rounds, and then in the main draw, he defeated [[Adrian Mannarino]] in the first round. Then he created a huge upset by beating world No. 22 [[Marcos Baghdatis]] in the second round. Then he stunned [[Xavier Malisse]] (world No. 52) in the third round. He faced world No. 1 [[Rafael Nadal]] in the fourth round and lost, after giving a tough fight. Somdev moved to world No. 73 on 21 March 2011.

After his good performance at Indian Wells, Somdev played the Sony Ericsson [[Miami Masters]] ATP 1000 tournament. He defeated world No. 47 [[Potito Starace]] in the first round in straight sets, and then stunned big-serving sensation [[Milos Raonic]] (world No. 34) in a tough straight-set match. In the third round, he lost to Spain's No. 6 ranked [[David Ferrer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-28/top-stories/29353785_1_somdev-devvarman-david-ferrer-singles-event|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103143153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-28/top-stories/29353785_1_somdev-devvarman-david-ferrer-singles-event|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Somdev goes down fighting to Ferrer in Miami|access-date=28 March 2011}}</ref>

Somdev started his clay season at the [[2011 US Men's Clay Court Championships]] in [[Houston]], Texas. He lost to world No. 27 [[Guillermo García-López]] in the second round. After taking three weeks rest, he reached Belgrade to play the [[2011 Serbia Open|Serbia open]]. He defeated [[Mikhail Kukushkin]], in the first round. Then, he stunned world No. 26 [[Guillermo García-López]] in the second round. In the quarterfinals, he lost to world No. 36 [[Janko Tipsarević]]. He moved to his career-best ranking of No. 70 on 2 May 2011. He lost in the first round of the [[2011 French Open]] to [[Ivan Ljubičić]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/indian-challenge/Somdev-loses-to-Ljubicic-in-straight-sets-in-French-Open/articleshow/8556769.cms|title=Somdev beat Ljubicic in straight sets in French Open|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 May 2011|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926103154/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/indian-challenge/Somdev-loses-to-Ljubicic-in-straight-sets-in-French-Open/articleshow/8556769.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Devvarman lost in the [[2011 Wimbledon]] singles second round, losing to 18th seed [[Mikhail Youzhny]] of Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/sports-news/Tennis/Somdev-crashes-out-of-Wimbledon/Article1-713125.aspx|title=Somdev crashes out of Wimbledon|access-date=24 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319042016/http://www.hindustantimes.com/sports-news/Tennis/Somdev-crashes-out-of-Wimbledon/Article1-713125.aspx|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> In the Atlanta Tennis Championships, Somdev reached the quarterfinals, where he lost to [[Mardy Fish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacetimesnews.com/news/2011/jul/23/fish-storms-into-semis/|title=Mardy Fish storms into semifinals at Atlanta Tennis Championships|access-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202190842/http://www.spacetimesnews.com/news/2011/jul/23/fish-storms-into-semis/|archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> He finished the year ranked No. 66 in the world.

===2012: Shoulder injury===
Devvarman began 2012 with a recurring shoulder injury,<ref>{{cite web|title=Somdev pulls out of Chennai Open due to shoulder injury|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-03/chennai/30583681_1_somdev-devvarman-aircel-chennai-open-david-goffin|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216073431/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-03/chennai/30583681_1_somdev-devvarman-aircel-chennai-open-david-goffin|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 January 2013}}</ref> which ended with him not competing in the first half of the season.<ref name="shoulder">{{cite web|last=Basra|first=Sukhwant|title=Devvarman ready to 'shoulder' the burden|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/sports-news/Tennis/Devvarman-ready-to-shoulder-the-burden/Article1-983743.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102173356/http://www.hindustantimes.com/sports-news/Tennis/Devvarman-ready-to-shoulder-the-burden/Article1-983743.aspx|archive-date=2 January 2013}}</ref> He returned to action in accepting a wildcard entry to participate in men's singles event at the [[2012 London Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/london-olympics/Sania-Somdev-get-wild-cards-for-London-Olympics/articleshow/14415955.cms|title=Sania, Somdev get wild card for London Olympics|date=26 June 2012|access-date=26 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626182142/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/london-olympics/Sania-Somdev-get-wild-cards-for-London-Olympics/articleshow/14415955.cms|archive-date=26 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Somdev lost to Tom Burn in the Great Britain F13 event in the first round. He then lost to [[Benjamin Becker]] of Germany in straight sets at Winston-Salem in the qualifiers. Somdev entered the main draw of US Open with a protected ranking of 85. He lost to [[Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo]] in the first round. He was then defeated by [[Ernests Gulbis]] in the first round of [[Erste Bank Open]].

His only wins in the season came in the [[2012 Charlottesville Men's Pro Challenger|Charlottesville Challenger]], where he reached the quarterfinals after receiving a wildcard entry into the main draw. He ended the year ranked No. 664 in the world, having been largely inactive in 2012.

===2013: Return to Top 100===
[[File:Somdev 2013.JPG|thumb|Somdev Devvarman at 2013 US Open]]
2013 saw Devvarman apparently recovered from the injuries that had prevented him competing in much of 2012.

He won through to the second round of the [[2013 Aircel Chennai Open|Chennai Open]] before succumbing to [[Tomáš Berdych]]. He then played in the Australian open, where he advanced to the second round, beating world No. 78 [[Björn Phau]] of Germany. However, he lost in the second round to world No. 24 [[Jerzy Janowicz]], despite winning the first two sets.
Somdev entered the [[PBZ Zagreb Indoors]] tournament, where he won against qualifier [[Michael Berrer]] in the first round. He then lost the second round to fourth seeded [[Jürgen Melzer]]. He played in [[Open 13]], where he caused an upset against [[Benoît Paire]] in the first round, before bowing out of the tournament against Australian [[Bernard Tomic]] in the second round.
He defeated qualifier [[Igor Kunitsyn]] in the first round of the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships, before losing to No. 7 [[Juan Martín del Potro]] in the second round.

Somdev entered the qualifying draw of the [[2013 BNP Paribas Open]] using his protected ranking of 85. However, he lost to [[Matteo Viola]] in the first round.
Somdev beat [[Evgeny Donskoy]] in the first round of the [[2013 Sony Open Tennis]]. He then played [[lucky loser]] [[Édouard Roger-Vasselin]] of France in the second round, where he registered a come-from-behind victory in three sets. He next faced No. 1 [[Novak Djokovic]] in the third round, where he lost in straight sets. His performance in Miami was a personal best since his comeback from the shoulder injury.
Somdev played [[Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo]] in the first round of [[2013 US Men's Clay Court Championships]]. Somdev used his protected ranking of 85 for the last time to enter this tournament. However he lost in the first round.
He entered the draw at the [[2013 Sarasota Open|Sarasota Open]]. In singles, he defeated [[Jesse Levine]] in the first round. He then faced [[Ilija Bozoljac]] whom he defeated in straight sets. In the quarterfinals, Somdev defeated [[Mischa Zverev]]. Somdev lost to qualifier [[Alex Kuznetsov]] in the semifinals. He won the [[2013 Sarasota Open – Doubles|doubles]] title with his partner [[Ilija Bozoljac]] after qualifying into the main draw. He entered the main draw of the [[2013 Savannah Challenger – Singles|Savannah Challenger]], where he won his round-of-32 match against Nikoloz Basilashvili as his opponent retired after the first. Somdev, however, lost his next match to [[Facundo Argüello (tennis)|Facundo Argüello]].
Somdev then played at the [[2013 Tallahassee Tennis Challenger – Singles|Tallahassee Challenger]] but lost in the first round to the eventual winner [[Denis Kudla]].

At the French Open, he qualified for the main draw. In the first round, he beat [[Daniel Munoz-De La Nava]] in straight sets. Then, he had a second-round match-up with [[Roger Federer]], but he lost in straight sets,.

Somdev then went to play in the [[Caltanissetta]] Challenger, where he won his first round against [[Eduardo Schwank]] after Schwank retired in the second set. Somdev defeated [[Leonardo Mayer]] in the second round and won his quarterfinal match against [[Federico Delbonis]]. He lost in the semifinals to [[Dušan Lajović]] in straight sets.

Somdev won against [[Brydan Klein]] in straight sets in the first round of the [[2013 Aegon Nottingham Challenge – Men's singles|Aegon Nottingham Challenger]]. In the second round, he defeated [[Jack Sock]]. He defeated [[Donald Young (tennis)|Donald Young]] in the quarterfinals. He, however, had to face defeat in the semifinals to [[Steve Johnson (tennis)|Steve Johnson]].

Somdev faced [[Matt Reid (tennis)|Matt Reid]] in the first round of the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Wimbledon qualifiers]]. He lost the match 6–7(4), 6–4, 16–18. Somdev's first tournament after Wimbledon was the [[2013 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championships – Singles]]. where Somdev reached the semifinals, before losing to [[Jack Sock]]. He then entered qualifying at the [[2013 BB&T Atlanta Open – Singles]], where he lost in the second round to fellow countryman [[Prakash Amritraj]].

===2014===
In February 2014, Devvarman defeated Kazakhstan's [[Aleksandr Nedovyesov]] to win the singles of the [[2014 ONGC–GAIL Delhi Open]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Somdev Devvarman wins Men's Single of Delhi ATP Challenger|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/somdev-devvarman-wins-mens-single-of-delhi-atp-challenger/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704054407/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/somdev-devvarman-wins-mens-single-of-delhi-atp-challenger/|archive-date=4 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/somdev-devvarman-conquers-delhi-open-in-style-with-crushing-victory-1523030|title=Somdev Devvarman conquers Delhi Open in style with crushing victory|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=17 January 2025}}</ref>

===2015===

He defended his title in February against [[Yuki Bhambri]] in the [[2015 Delhi Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/somdev-devvarman-retains-delhi-open-title-with-win-over-yuki-bhambri-1504732|title=Somdev Devvarman Retains Delhi Open Title with Win Over Yuki Bhambri|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=16 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/delhi-open-somdev-devvarman-retains-title/article6922537.ece|title=Delhi Open: Somdev Devvarman retains title|work=The Hindu|date=22 February 2015 |accessdate=16 January 2025}}</ref>

===2017: Retirement===
On 1 January 2017, Devvarman announced his retirement from professional tennis.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's Somdev Devvarman announces retirement from pro tennis|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/somdev-devvarman-announces-retirement-from-pro-tennis-4454178/|access-date=20 December 2017|agency=PTI|work=The Indian Express|date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051646/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/somdev-devvarman-announces-retirement-from-pro-tennis-4454178/|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==National representation==

===Davis Cup===
Devvarman made his [[Davis Cup]] debut for [[India Davis Cup team|India]] in 2008 against [[Uzbekistan Davis Cup team|Uzbekistan]] at the age of 22. In the second rubber of the tie Devvarman faced [[Denis Istomin]] and fell in straight sets. With the tie locked at two match victories each, Devvarman was substituted for countrymen [[Prakash Amritraj]] in the fifth rubber. Amritraj would be victorious in four sets. Devvarman would return to the team in the [[2008 Davis Cup|2008 World Group Playoffs]] to face [[Romania Davis Cup team|Romania]]. He would fall short in both his singles matches and keep India in the zonals for another year.
India started 2009 by playing Chinese Taipei in the Asia Oceania Group 1 quarterfinal. India won 3–2 with a significant contribution from Devvarman who won both his ties against [[Ti Chen]] and [[Yen-Hsun Lu]]. The team later travelled to Johannesburg to face South Africa in the World Group play-offs. Somdev won both his ties and India won the tie 4–1 to move back into the World Group.
India faced Russia in the World Group round 1 at Moscow. India lost the tie 2–3 which included two losses from Somdev. India hosted Brazil at Chennai in the World Group Play-off tie. Somdev lost to [[Ricardo Mello]] on day 1 and India went down 0–2. India went to win the tie 3–2 in a come from behind fashion which included a win from Somdev as his opponent [[Thomaz Bellucci]] retired whilst he was trailing 6–7(3), 0–4. This meant that India would once again be a part of the World Group.
India drew defending champions Serbia for Round 1. The tie was played at [[Novi Sad]]. Somdev played [[Janko Tipsarević]] in the second rubber and won in straight sets 7–5, 7–5, 7–6(3) This was a major upset and gave India a realistic chance of reaching the round 2. Due to the absence of [[Leander Paes]] and [[Mahesh Bhupathi]], Somdev teamed up with [[Rohan Bopanna]] for the Doubles rubber on Saturday. The Indians lost 6–4, 3–6, 4–6, 6–7(10). Somdev played [[Viktor Troicki]] in a make-or-break match for India. However, he lost in straight sets 4–6, 2–6, 5–7. India eventually lost the tie 1–4 with the only win coming from Devvarman.
India later travelled to Tokyo to play against Japan in the World Group Play-off. Somdev lost against [[Yuichi Sugita]] in the first rubber 3–6, 4–6, 5–7. He didn't play the reverse singles due to a shoulder problem which eventually would make him miss most of the tennis in 2012. India lost the tie 1–4 to Japan which resulted in relegation back to Asia-Oceania Group 1.
India had to face South Korea at home in an Asia-Oceania Group 1 tie. 11 players including Somdev had boycotted this tie due to misunderstandings with the [[All India Tennis Association]]. India lost that tie to South Korea 1–4. India hosted Indonesia in a relegation play-off tie at Bangalore. Somdev won both his singles matches as India won the tie 5–0 to stay in the Asia-Oceania Group 1.

===Olympics===
Competing in his maiden Olympics at [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012]], Devvarman entered the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|Men's singles]] via a wildcard entry. He was defeated by Finland's [[Jarkko Nieminen]].

===Commonwealth Games===
For the first time in [[Commonwealth Games]] history tennis was held at the [[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]] games. Playing in front of a home crowd, Devvarman entered the [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]] and [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]. He won the gold medal in singles.

===Asian Games===

Somdev represented India at the [[2010 Asian Games]] in [[Guangzhou]], China. He won the gold medal in the [[Tennis at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's singles|men's singles]] event where he defeated [[Denis Istomin]] 6–1, 6–2 in the final.
He also won the gold medal in the [[Tennis at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's doubles|men's doubles]] event with his partner [[Sanam Singh]]. They defeated [[Gong Maoxin]] and Li Zhe of China in the final 6–3, 6–7(4), 10–8.
Somdev was also a part of the Men's Team which won the bronze medal.

==Management==
Devvarman is now professionally managed by [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]'s company Globosport.

He is sponsored by [[Lacoste]] and [[Babolat]].

==Personal life==
His parents are from the state of [[Tripura]] in India. Devvarman belongs to Tripura's erstwhile royal family.<ref>[http://www.india-north-east.com/2010/10/somdev-devvarman-shinning-bright.html Somdev Devvarman – Shinning Bright] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924142907/http://www.india-north-east.com/2010/10/somdev-devvarman-shinning-bright.html |date=24 September 2014 }} ''India-north-east.com''</ref> He is the grandson of Tripura's late royal scion Bikramendra Kishore Debbarman, popularly known as Bidurkarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.in.msn.com/othersports/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4449363&page=2|title=Tripura celebrates as Somdev scripts history – 2|publisher=Sports.in.msn.com|date=11 October 2010|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321193433/http://sports.in.msn.com/othersports/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4449363&page=2|archive-date=21 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
He is a big fan of [[Roger Federer]].
He idolises the Krishnans ([[Ramesh Krishnan]], [[Ramanathan Krishnan]]), [[Leander Paes]] and [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]. He likes watching cricket and idolises Sachin Tendulkar. His favourite film is ''[[Good Will Hunting]]'' and his favourite actress is [[Priyanka Chopra]]. Devvarman's favourite food is Sambar Rice. Devvarman's favourite musician is [[Dave Matthews]].<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/>

==ATP career finals==

===Singles: 2 (2 runner-ups)===
{|
|- valign="top"
|
{|class="wikitable"
!Legend
|-bgcolor=f3e6d7
|Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
|-bgcolor=ffffcc
|ATP World Tour finals (0–0)
|-bgcolor=e9e9e9
|ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (0–0)
|-bgcolor=d4f1c5
|ATP World Tour 500 series (0–0)
|-
|ATP World Tour 250 series (0–2)
|}
|
{|class="wikitable"
!Titles by surface
|-
|Hard (0–2)
|-
|Clay (0–0)
|-
|Grass (0–0)
|}
|
{|class="wikitable"
!Titles by setting
|-
|Outdoor (0–1)
|-
|Indoor (0–1)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Result
!class="unsortable"|W–L
!{{ns}}Date{{ns}}
!Tournament
!Tier
!Surface
!Opponent
!class="unsortable"|Score
|-
|bgcolor=FFA07A|Loss
|0–1
|[[2009 Chennai Open – Singles|{{dts|Jan 2009}}]]
|[[Maharashtra Open|Chennai Open]], India
|250 Series
|Hard
|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Marin Čilić]]
|4–6, 6–7(3–7)
|-
|bgcolor=FFA07A|Loss
|0–2
|[[2011 SA Tennis Open – Singles|{{dts|Feb 2011}}]]
|[[SA Tennis Open]], South Africa
|250 Series
|Hard (i)
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]]
|6–4, 3–6, 2–6
|}

===Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)===
{|
|- valign="top"
|
{|class="wikitable"
!Legend
|-bgcolor=f3e6d7
|Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
|-bgcolor=ffffcc
|ATP World Tour Finals (0–0)
|-bgcolor=e9e9e9
|ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (0–0)
|-bgcolor=d4f1c5
|ATP World Tour 500 Series (0–0)
|-
|ATP World Tour 250 Series (0–1)
|}
|
{|class="wikitable"
!Titles by surface
|-
|Hard (0–1)
|-
|Clay (0–0)
|-
|Grass (0–0)
|}
|
{|class="wikitable"
!Titles by setting
|-
|Outdoor (0–1)
|-
|Indoor (0–0)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Result
!class="unsortable"|W–L
!{{ns}}Date{{ns}}
!Tournament
!Tier
!Surface
!Partner
!Opponents
!class="unsortable"|Score
|-
|bgcolor=FFA07A|Loss
|0–1
|[[2011 Farmers Classic – Doubles|{{dts|Jul 2011}}]]
|[[Los Angeles Open (tennis)|Los Angeles Open]], United States
|250 Series
|Hard
|{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Treat Huey]]
|{{flagicon|BAH}} [[Mark Knowles]] {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Xavier Malisse]]
|6–7(3–7), 6–7(10–12)
|}

==Performance timelines==
{{Performance key|active=no}}

=== Singles ===
''Current till [[2015 US Open (tennis)|2015 US Open]]''.
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:97%
!Tournament!![[2008 ATP Tour|2008]]!![[2009 ATP World Tour|2009]]!![[2010 ATP World Tour|2010]]!![[2011 ATP World Tour|2011]]!![[2012 ATP World Tour|2012]]!![[2013 ATP World Tour|2013]]!![[2014 ATP World Tour|2014]]!![[2015 ATP World Tour|2015]]!![[2016 ATP World Tour|2016]]!!{{Tooltip|SR|Strike rate}}!!{{Tooltip|W–L|Win–loss}}!!Win %
|-
|colspan=19 align=left|[[Grand Slam (tennis)|'''Grand Slam tournaments''']]
|-
|align=left|[[Australian Open]]
|A
|[[2009 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|[[2010 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q3]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Australian Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2013 Australian Open – Men's singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 Australian Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|[[2015 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|[[2016 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|0 / 3
|1–3
|25.00
|-
|align=left|[[French Open]]
|A
|[[2009 French Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q3]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 French Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 French Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2013 French Open – Men's singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 French Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|[[2015 French Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|A
|0 / 4
|1–4
|20.00
|-
|align=left|[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]
|A
|[[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|[[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|2R]]
|A
|[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1R]]
|[[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|A
|0 / 2
|1–2
|33.33
|-
|align=left|[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 US Open – Men's singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 US Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 US Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2012 US Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2013 US Open – Men's singles|2R]]
|[[2014 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|[[2015 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|A
|0 / 5
|2–5
|28.57
|-
!style=text-align:left|Win–loss
!0–0
!1–1
!0–2
!1–4
!0–1
!3–3
!0–3
!0–0
!0–0
!0 / 14
!5–14
!26.32
|-
|align=left|'''[[Davis Cup]]'''
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2008 Davis Cup World Group play-offs|PO]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 Davis Cup World Group play-offs|PO]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Davis Cup World Group|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Davis Cup World Group play-offs|PO]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 5
!6–8
!42.86
|-
|colspan=19 align=left|'''[[ATP Masters Series]]'''
|-
|align=left|[[Indian Wells Masters]]
|A
|A
|Q2
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|4R]]
|A
|Q1
|Q1
|A
|Q1
|0 / 1
|3–1
|75.00
|-
|align=left|[[Miami Masters]]
|A
|A
|Q2
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Sony Ericsson Open – Men's singles|3R]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2013 Sony Open Tennis – Men's singles|3R]]
|Q1
|A
|A
|0 / 2
|4–2
|66.67
|-
|align=left|[[Monte-Carlo Masters]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 0
|0–0
|–
|-
|align=left|[[Rome Masters]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 0
|0–0
|–
|-
|align=left|[[Madrid Open (tennis)|Madrid Masters]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 0
|0–0
|–
|-
|align=left|[[Canada Masters]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Rogers Cup – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 1
|0–1
|0.00
|-
|align=left|[[Cincinnati Masters]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters – Singles|1R]]
|Q1
|A
|A
|Q1
|A
|A
|0 / 1
|0–1
|0.00
|-
|align=left|[[Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]]
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Shanghai Rolex Masters – Singles|1R]]
|A
|Q2
|Q1
|A
|A
|0 / 1
|0–1
|0.00
|-
|align=left|[[Paris Masters]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 0
|0–0
|-
!style=text-align:left|Win–loss
!0–0
!0–0
!0–2
!5–3
!0–0
!2–1
!0–0
!0–0
!0–0
!0 / 6
!7–6
!53.85
|-
|colspan=19 align=left|'''Career statistics'''
|-
!style=text-align:left|Titles–Finals
!0–0
!0–1
!0–0
!0–1
!0–0
!0–0
!0–0
!0–0
!0–0
!0 / 2
!0–2
!0.00
|-
|align=left|Year-end ranking
|204
|126
|108
|66
|664
|90
|139
|177
|909
!colspan=3|$1,459,122
|}

===Doubles===
''Current till [[2013 US Open (tennis)]]''.
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:97%
!Tournament!![[2008 ATP Tour|2008]]!![[2009 ATP World Tour|2009]]!![[2010 ATP World Tour|2010]]!![[2011 ATP World Tour|2011]]!![[2012 ATP World Tour|2012]]!![[2013 ATP World Tour|2013]]!!{{Tooltip|W–L|Win–loss}}
|-
|colspan=9 align=left|[[Grand Slam (tennis)|'''Grand Slam tournaments''']]
|-
|align=left|[[Australian Open]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Australian Open – Men's doubles|2R]]
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 1
|1–1
|-
|align=left|[[French Open]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 French Open – Men's doubles|1R]]
|A
|A
|0 / 1
|0–1
|-
|align=left|[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles|2R]]
|A
|A
|0 / 3
|1–3
|-
|align=left|[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 US Open – Men's doubles|3R]]
|A
|A
|0 / 1
|2–1
|-
!style=text-align:left|Win–loss
!0–1
!1–2
!3–3
!0–0
!0–0
!0 / 6
!4–6
|}

==Sources==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ATP}}
* {{ITF}}
* {{Davis Cup player}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080303101908/http://www.theculturalconnect.com/new/2007/06/24/tennis-champ-somdev-devvarman-desi "2007 NCAA Men's Tennis Champ": Interview by Ranjit Souri in ''The desiConnect'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040422181333/http://www.its.uci.edu/~jaykay/paesnotes/SomdevDevVarmanArrives.html "ARRIVAL OF Somdev Dev Varman": By Sunil Yajaman – AITA Development Officer]

{{Asian Games Champions Tennis Singles Men}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{ITA Senior Player of the Year}}
{{NCAA Division I tennis men's singles champions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devvarman, Somdev}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Agartala]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Tripura]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games tennis players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in tennis]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in tennis]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Charlottesville, Virginia]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Guwahati]]
[[Category:Tennis players from Virginia]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Tripuri people]]
[[Category:Virginia Cavaliers men's tennis players]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate tennis players in the United States]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players for India]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in tennis]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Abhishek Anand

2026-04-23T16:21:07Z

BethIlf498848137: Made First Data Initial Version.

{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2025
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Cheria-Bariarpur Assembly constituency|Cheria-Bariarpur]]
| predecessor = [[Raj Banshi Mahto]]
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Abhishek Anand''' is an Indian politician and a member of [[Janata Dal (United)]] political party based in [[Bihar]]. He won the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections from [[Cheria-Bariarpur Assembly constituency]] of [[Begusarai district]]. He is the son of former Bihar minister [[Manju Verma]] and a grandson of former [[Communist Party of India]] leader and Bihar Legislative Assembly member Sukhdeo Mahto.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-bihar-chunav-2025-cheriya-bariyarpur-seat-who-is-abhishek-kumar-newton-why-jdu-gives-ticket-manju-verma-muzaffarpur-shelter-home-case-ws-kln-9740480.html|title=Cheriya Bariyarpur Seat: मुजफ्फरपुर बालिका गृह कांड में गंवाई थी कुर्सी, अब बेटे को JDU से मिला विधानसभा का टिकट |website=News18|accessdate=8 December 2025}}</ref> He is a graduate from [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]] and worked in corporate before joining politics.

==Political career==
As a new entrant in politics in 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections, Anand faced tough competition from Sushil Kushwaha, son of former Bihar Chief Minister [[Satish Prasad Singh]] and [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] candidate from Cheria Bariarpur Assembly constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/begusarai-bihar-chunav-begusarai-cheriyabariarpur-vidhansabha-political-battle-between-two-ministers-sons-assembly-elections-ws-dln-9803652.html|title= एक तरफ पूर्व मंत्री का पुत्र, दूसरी ओर पूर्व सीएम का वारिस, चेरिया बरियारपुर में 'हैव' और 'हैव नॉट्स' की लड़ाई|website=News18|accessdate=8 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Cheria-Bariarpur">{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Cheria-Bariarpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04141.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213150621/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04141.htm |archivedate=13 December 2025 |accessdate=13 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="Cheria Bariarpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=Cheria Bariarpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/cheria-bariarpur |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213150632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/cheria-bariarpur |archivedate=13 December 2025 |accessdate=13 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anand, Abhishek}}
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Begusarai district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}

Ravinder Singh Negi

2026-04-20T09:50:51Z

BethIlf498848137: bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date= February 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ravinder Singh Negi {{nobold|{{lang|hi|रविन्दर सिंह नेगी}}}}
| image = Ravinder-Singh-Negi_%28cropped%29.png
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Negi in 2025
| office = [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = {{Start date|df=y|2025|02|8}}
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Manish Sisodia]]
| constituency1 = [[Patparganj Assembly constituency|Patparganj]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = New Delhi, Delhi , India
| education = [[Delhi University|DU]] ([[B.A.]])
| profession = Politician
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Ravinder Singh Negi''' or '''Ravi Negi''' is an Indian politician from Delhi. He is elected to [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from [[Patparganj (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Patparganj Assembly Constituency]] in [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025 Assembly Elections]].<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Patparganj">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Patparganj |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0557.htm |access-date=8 February 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208071641/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0557.htm |archive-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>

== Poitical career ==
Ravinder Singh Negi, popularly known as Ravi Negi, began his political journey in 2017 when he contested the MCD elections. He was nominated by the BJP from West Vinod Nagar (Ward 10E); however, his nomination was rejected by the SDM due to inaccuracies in the nomination form. Later in 2020 he served as Mandal Adhyaksh Vinod Nagar Mandal of the BJP Delhi unit and contested [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020 Delhi Assembly election]] on BJP ticket and narrowly lost to AAP's [[Manish Sisodia]] by just 1.75 percent votes. He later contested 2022 [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]] elections and contested and defeated the AAP candidate by a margin of 2,311 votes.<ref name="Man whose feet Modi touched: Ravinder Singh Negi, the Patparganj candidate who has been in the news">{{cite news |title=Man whose feet Modi touched: Ravinder Singh Negi, the Patparganj candidate who has been in the news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/man-whose-feet-modi-touched-patparganj-candidate-who-has-been-in-the-news-9806735/ |access-date=8 February 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=30 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208072742/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/man-whose-feet-modi-touched-patparganj-candidate-who-has-been-in-the-news-9806735/ |archive-date=8 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Negi was at the centre of controversy when he appeared in videos on social media in which he asked a shopowner to change the name of his dairy to indicate that it is run by a Muslim. In many other videos that Negi shared on his social media handles, the BJP leader is seen telling Hindu street vendors to put up saffron flags on vending carts. Negi also visited butcher shops before festivals asking them to keep the shops closed to respect the religious sentiments of Hindus.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-02-08 |title=Delhi Assembly elections 2025: Ravinder Negi, the man whose feet PM Modi touched, wins Patparganj |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-ravinder-negi-the-man-whose-feet-pm-modi-touched-leads-from-patparganj/article69195490.ece |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Negi, Ravinder Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

K. M. Asghar Husain

2026-04-19T22:07:51Z

BethIlf498848137: Creating the pg more to come - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K.M. Asghar Husain
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|1|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = Ghodegaon, [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|M P]]
| term = 1967–1971
| successor = [[Vasant Sathe]]
| predecessor = [[Mohammad Mohibbul Haq]]
| office2 = Vice-President, Municipal Council Akola
| term_start2 = 1955
| term_end2 = 1971
| successor2 =
| predecessor2 =
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| alma_mater = Law college Nagpur
| spouse = Ruh-Afza Khanum
| children = 2 sons, 3 daughters
| profession = [[Advocate]] [[Educationist]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 22 February
| year = 2012
| source = http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1713.htm
}}

'''Khan M. Asghar Husain''' (born 23 January 1916) was a member of the 4th and [[5th Lok Sabha]] of India. He represents the [[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]] constituency of [[Maharashtra]] and a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) political party.

He was a Member, Nagpur University Court during 1967–70 and Governing Body of Shivaji College, Akola.

He was vice-president of Municipal Council, Akola since 1955;

He was president, Berar Muslim Educational Conference since 1969 and Urdu Education Society, Akola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1713.htm |title=Official biographical sketch |publisher=Parliament of India website |accessdate=22 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015174733/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1713.htm |archive-date=15 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asghar Husain, K. M.}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:People from Akola district]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

Ahmednagar North Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:46:03Z

BethIlf498848137: Made First Details W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ahmednagar North
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmednagar]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Ahmednagar North''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. Ahmednagar North seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was defunct in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class=wikitable
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhule Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/dhule-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|[[1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Prabhakar Bhapkar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Balasaheb Nagwade
|-
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan=2|Kisanrao Mhaske
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|rowspan=4|Maruti Shelke alias Dada Patil Shelke
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|rowspan=3|[[Shivaji Bhanudas Kardile|Shivaji Kardile]]
|{{party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''2008 onwards: Constituency defunct''}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivaji Bhanudas Kardile]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 76,436 |percentage = 42.49% |change={{increase}}8.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shelke Maruti Deoram |party=Independent politician |votes = 44,591 |percentage = 24.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prof. Shashikant Madhavrao Gade (Sir) |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 38,273 |percentage = 21.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dusunge Uddhav Maruti |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 10,064 |percentage = 5.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr.Mhaske Subhash Kisanrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,414 |percentage = 1.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayyed Mushtaq Ahmed Sayyed Rajasab |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,410 |percentage = 1.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kardile Shivaji Dhondiram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,540 |percentage = 0.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,845 |percentage = 17.70% |change= {{increase}}7.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,79,946 |percentage = 68.26% |change= {{increase}}2.84 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,79,901}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,63,605|ref = |change= {{increase}}19.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivaji Bhanudas Kardile]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 63,576 |percentage = 44.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gadakh Shankarrao Yeshwantrao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 49,562 |percentage = 34.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kotkar Bhanudas Eknath |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,179 |percentage = 20.91% |change={{decrease}}2.77 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,014 |percentage = 9.71% |change= {{decrease}}7.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,54,866 |percentage = 70.17% |change= {{decrease}}6.48 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,44,334}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,20,689|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}2.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivaji Bhanudas Kardile]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 62,552 |percentage = 41.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kute Vijayatai Chandrakant |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,838 |percentage = 23.68% |change={{decrease}}31.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalasing Goraksha Ranganath |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 32,709 |percentage = 21.61% |change={{increase}}8.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Avhad Namdeorao Chandraji |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 5,023 |percentage = 3.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Ashok Ramchandra |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,316 |percentage = 2.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalamkar Kantilal Kisan |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,667 |percentage = 1.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khan Samiulla Alias Samir Nasirkhan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,462 |percentage = 1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,714 |percentage = 17.65% |change= {{decrease}}9.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,56,182 |percentage = 74.17% |change= {{increase}}8.87 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,51,363}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,10,561|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.98 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shelke Maruti Deoram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 63,577 |percentage = 55.09% |change={{decrease}}1.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mule Madhavrao Dagduji |party=Janata Dal |votes = 32,281 |percentage = 27.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajendra Appasaheb Shinde |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 15,259 |percentage = 13.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adhav Laxman Keru |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,266 |percentage = 1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khakal Pandurang Chimaji |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 953 |percentage = 0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,296 |percentage = 27.12% |change= {{decrease}}8.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,17,862 |percentage = 64.36% |change= {{increase}}7.46 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,15,402}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,83,125|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.15 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shelke Maruti Deoram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 46,137 |percentage = 56.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Sambhaji Rao Babat |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 17,096 |percentage = 20.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bansibhau Revaji Mhaske |party=Independent politician |votes = 16,266 |percentage = 19.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vishnu Anandrao Badekar |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 1,032 |percentage = 1.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonyabapu Rambhau Berad |party=Independent politician |votes = 712 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,041 |percentage = 35.44% |change= {{increase}}9.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,988 |percentage = 56.94% |change= {{increase}}8.45 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,949}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,47,507|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}5.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shelke Maruti Deoram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 37,958 |percentage = 61.56% |change={{increase}}48.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Haral Kisanrao Rajaram |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 21,821 |percentage = 35.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Zine Marutirao Sarjerao |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes = 1,170 |percentage = 1.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Avhad Bhagchand Bhau |party=Independent politician |votes = 710 |percentage = 1.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,137 |percentage = 26.17% |change= {{increase}}4.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,400 |percentage = 48.43% |change= {{decrease}}17.41 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,659}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,30,906|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.27 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}13.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shelke Maruti Deoram |party=Independent politician |votes = 35,820 |percentage = 47.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mhaske Kisanrao Balaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,177 |percentage = 25.49% |change={{decrease}}40.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kardile Bhausaheb Laxman |party=Janata Party |votes = 10,286 |percentage = 13.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhivar Damodhar Chokhaji |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 9,743 |percentage = 12.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,643 |percentage = 22.12% |change= {{decrease}}9.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,009 |percentage = 66.90% |change= {{increase}}13.53 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,227}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,16,604|ref = |change= {{increase}}23.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}18.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mhaske Kisanrao Balaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 31,779 |percentage = 65.99% |change={{increase}}19.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mhaske Banshi Revji |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 16,380 |percentage = 34.01% |change={{increase}}1.27 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,399 |percentage = 31.98% |change= {{increase}}18.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,947 |percentage = 52.88% |change= {{decrease}}8.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,159}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,457|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}19.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mhaske Kisanrao Balaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,421 |percentage = 46.27% |change={{increase}}2.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Balasaheb Nabaji Nagwade |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 15,866 |percentage = 32.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=T. B. Bothe |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,443 |percentage = 17.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. K. Badakar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,730 |percentage = 3.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,555 |percentage = 13.53% |change= {{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,151 |percentage = 63.14% |change= {{increase}}5.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,460}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,014|ref = |change= {{increase}}17.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}5.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Balasaheb Nabaji Nagwade |party=Independent politician |votes = 19,372 |percentage = 52.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithalrao Ganpatrao Kute |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,208 |percentage = 43.63% |change={{increase}}13.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhaskar Kondaji Padir |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,572 |percentage = 4.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,164 |percentage = 8.52% |change= {{decrease}}21.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,394 |percentage = 57.37% |change= {{increase}}10.97 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,152}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,663|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}8.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhapkar Prabhakar Kondji |party=Independent politician |votes = 15,530 |percentage = 60.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kute Vithal Ganpat |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 7,809 |percentage = 30.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalerao Pandurang Narayan |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,697 |percentage = 6.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shinde Ramrao Haribhau |party=Independent politician |votes = 712 |percentage = 2.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,721 |percentage = 29.99% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,748 |percentage = 43.14% |change= }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,748}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,690|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmednagar North Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Ahmednagar district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1955]]

Golaghat Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:25:33Z

BethIlf498848137: Adding

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Golaghat
| constituency_no = 103
| type = SLA
| map_image = Golaghat Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga]]
| district = [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Ajanta Neog, BJP MLA Assam.png
| mla = [[Ajanta Neog]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance =
| electors =
}}
'''Golaghat Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]. Golaghat forms part of the [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref><ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Election
!Member
!Party affiliation
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
! rowspan="2" |Rajendranath Barua
! rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
!Dandeswar Hazarika
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
! rowspan="3" |Soneswar Bora
![[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
![[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
![[Janata Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
![[Nagen Neog]]
![[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
!Debeswar Bora
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
!Nagen Neog
![[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
![[Atul Bora (AGP politician)|Atul Bora]]
![[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
! rowspan="5" |[[Ajanta Neog]]
! rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
![[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golaghat}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ajanta Neog]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bitupan Saikia |party=Indian National Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sushil Herenj |party=Independent|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rubul Borah |party=Independent|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam Legislative Assembly Election, 2021]]: Golaghat<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ajanta Neog]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=81,651|percentage=50.63|change=+4.01}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Bitupan Saikia]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=72,326|percentage=44.84|change=-5.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Reena Saikia]]|party=Assam Jatiya Parishad|votes=5,062|percentage=3.14|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2,245|percentage=1.39|change=+0.24}}
{{Election box majority|9,325|votes=9,325|percentage=5.79|change=+2.25}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,61,284|percentage=78.59|change=-5.47}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,05,196
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golaghat<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ajanta Neog]]
|votes = 73,862
|percentage = 50.16
|change = -14.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bitupan Saikia
|votes = 68,649
|percentage = 46.62
|change = +44.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Syed Jahid Abdullah
|votes = 1,804
|percentage = 1.22
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dipankar Das
|votes = 1,193
|percentage = 0.81
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,717
|percentage = 1.16
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,213
|percentage = 3.54
|change = -34.07
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,47,225
|percentage = 84.06
|change = +6.72
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,75,129
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Golaghat}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ajanta Neog]]
|votes = 79,648
|percentage = 64.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Amiyo Bora
|votes = 33,477
|percentage = 27.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Debeswar Bora
|votes = 5,006
|percentage = 4.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Debajit Bora
|votes = 3,179
|percentage = 2.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Amrit Goswami
|votes = 1,447
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 46,171
|percentage = 37.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,22,757
|percentage = 77.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,58,719
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Local government in Golaghat]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Golaghat district]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

Incident (festival)

2026-03-29T12:11:30Z

BethIlf498848137: general correct references as per guidelines and corrected details

{{overly detailed|date=May 2013}}
{{infobox recurring event
| name = Incident
| logo =
| logo_caption = Logo of Incident Cultural Festival
| genre = [[Cultural festival]]
| filing = Student Run, Non-Profit Organization
| founded = 1980
| location = [[Surathkal]], [[Mangalore]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| sponsor = [[NITK Surathkal|National Institute of Technology Surathkal]]
| events =
| attendance = 45,000 Footfall, 700 colleges
| website = [https://incident.nitk.ac.in incident.nitk.ac.in]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Incident''' is the annual [[cultural festival]] of the [[National Institute of Technology Karnataka]] (NITK) in Surathkal, Karnataka, India. The fest is a four-day-long event held in March in the even semester of the NITK Calendar. The fest brings together students from different colleges all over India, attracting an estimated annual footfall of about 45,000 people, and boasts a number of competitive events, workshops, competitions and performances as well as pro-shows by widely known and popular artists including the likes of [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Salim–Sulaiman]], [[Amaal Mallik|Amaal Malik]], Amit Trivedi, [[Benny Dayal]], the duo of [[Vishal–Shekhar]] and [[Javed Ali]] among many others.

== History ==
The fest was started by the students of the college, the then [[Karnataka Regional Engineering College]] led by Umar Teekay during the 1980s, with a budget of Rs. 10000, and has been continued and amplified every year since. By 1985, Incident events were split between the Student Activity Center and the Silver Jubilee Auditorium. By the beginning of the 1990s, the fest had gained ample popularity among Mangaloreans. In 1992, one of the then biggest industries of Mangalore – PVS Beedies Pvt. Ltd. sponsored Incident when it created history by holding Fashion show contests for the first time.

Incident in the 2000s was Gen Ys' fest where popular and new cultural norms were rising every day. However, the biggest revolution happened during Incident 2005 with the introduction of “Pronites” that took the celebration to a whole new level with [[Parikrama]] playing their groovy tunes to the cheers of the huge throng of students.
Incident 2006 marked the first “Beach events” that were held in the college's very own private beach.
Incident 2009-2015 was Incident's golden years where the fest went countrywide. Participation from colleges around Karnataka and around the rest of the country was at a new high. Appearances by the biggest celebrities of Bollywood like KK, Sunidhi Chauhan and Vishal–Shekhar were just one night of the extravagant five-day fest held in the blistering heat of Mangalore summer. Musicians and bands of exquisite caliber and the concepts of world fest made Incident the largest fest of South India.
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/231120/students-rock-incident-begins-nitk.html|title= Students Rock as Incident begins at NITK Surathkal|date=19 February 2012|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=3 July 2012|location= Surathkal, India}}</ref>

== Events ==
Incident hosts an exciting plethora of multi-faceted events and workshops over the course of 4 days.<ref name=collegekhabar>{{cite web|url=http://collegekhabar.com/events/incident-2012-end-of-the-world-party-nit-surathkal/|title=Events at Incident|access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=newnitk>{{cite web |url= http://newnitk.nitk.ac.in/index.php?id=217 |title= Extra Curricular |work= newnitk.nitk.ac.in |access-date= 4 July 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120512151726/http://newnitk.nitk.ac.in/index.php?id=217 |archive-date= 12 May 2012 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

===Haute Couture===
Having been the flagship Fashion event of Incident for many years, Haute Couture has risen up the ranks to become one of the biggest events of its kind in India. Boasting judges in the ranks of popular models like Urvi Shetty and participants from a large number of colleges, a showcase of glamour and glitz, Haute Couture proves to be a night to remember.

=== Musical Events ===
Amateur and Semi-Professional bands are provided an opportunity to showcase their immense talent in the various competitive musical events. The most popular events Incident was a stage to include the Bandish, the Eastern rock competition, and Pulse, its western counterpart. These events have seen the rise of many famous bands in the Indian Rock scene such as Dark Lights, The Down Troddence, Phlegmatic, Mount N' Do, Tatvam, Pure Veg, BRIXITI, Churmuri chai to name a few.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vtupoint.com/incident12-annual-cultural-festival-nitk-surathkal-feb-29th-march-4th|title=Incident’12, the Annual Cultural Festival of NITK Surathkal from Feb 29th to March 4th|access-date=3 July 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214131953/http://www.vtupoint.com/incident12-annual-cultural-festival-nitk-surathkal-feb-29th-march-4th|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other events include solo singing, acoustic and instrumental events in classical eastern and western genres.

=== Dance ===
Dance events are at the heart of the day-events at Incident. The widely popular, fiercely competitive dance events at Incident include Step Up solo dance, Step Up duet, street dance, [[Tandav]] and Promenade (western group dance).<ref name=collegekhabar/> Students from various colleges throng the events, battling it out to win coveted titles.

=== Beach events ===
[[File:Salim–Sulaiman at Incident 2020.jpg|thumb|Salim–Sulaiman at Incident 2020]]
Boasting a very own private beach, NITK hosts a hoard of exciting events including beach volleyball, beach football and Sandemonium{{clarify|date=July 2012}} events. The 2012 edition also included [[adventure sports]] like [[zorbing]], [[rappelling]] and [[parasailing]].<ref name="collegekhabar" /> Over the years, beach events have only gotten better with a line up all new and exciting events like the Kite Festival, Beach Informals and light music events to get serenaded by.

=== Sports Events ===

'''Slam Dunk''' is the widely popular college level basketball competition that hosts over 100 colleges from all over the country battling it out in an event that spans all days of Incident, to bask in the glory of being crowned Slam Dunk champions.

'''SpinShock''' is the thrilling inter-collegiate throwball competition blending a mix of spin, precision and grace and boasting teams from a number of colleges.

=== Literature ===
The literature program includes several quizzes as well as word games, spelling bees, and short story contests, held in English, [[Kannada]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]]. Quiz events include a General quiz, Asia Quiz, MELAS quiz, India quiz, Lone Wolf (individual quiz event), Biz quiz, sports quiz, and entertainment quiz. The general quiz is hosted by a guest quiz master every year and has been sponsored by Myra school of business and Nexus consulting. A variety of Kannada and Hindi events <ref name=collegekhabar/> are also organized including [[Antakshari]], debates, and [[Dumb Charades]].

=== Potpourri ===

Hosting creative and fun events including Frames and Expose (exhibition of photographs from contests by the Photography Club), a Hogathon, Speech Triathlon (Declamation, Commentary and Policy) and an Escape Room among several others.

=== I-Care ===

I-Care is the social initiative wing of Incident. The Beach-Schooling initiative is aimed at teaching children belonging to the fishing community households and instilling in them an interest in the wonderful world of education. Volunteers also teach extra-curricular activities like origami and dance. 14 Solar lamps to Beach- schooling children and 5 solar lamps to children from NITK Kannada Medium School were distributed on Children's Day.

Team Incident, in association with the Centre for System Design. NITK Surathkal, have come up with a [[plastic recycling]] initiative to recycle [[plastic waste]]s from the beach using injection molding to create small, useful products like keychains, clips etc.

=== Workshops ===

A variety of workshops are held during Incident such as juggling, B-boying,{{clarify|date=July 2012}} [[Bhangra (dance)|Bhangra]], martial arts, theatre, balloon modelling, [[HDR photography]] and [[portrait]]ure in 2012.<ref name=collegekhabar/> Previous editions included workshops on [[kite flying]], [[Salsa (dance)|Salsa]], [[Jive (dance)|jive]], chocolate making, [[tai chi]], [[kick boxing]], [[wildlife photography]] and [[animation]].{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} New inclusions have been added to the list like [[caricature]]-making, dance workshop by [[Hip Hop International|Hip-Hop International]] and [[mixed martial arts]].

The 2012 event included a vintage auto expo<ref name=collegekhabar/> for the first time, including more than thirty vintage cars, motorcycles and mopeds.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} as well as a Marathon run.<ref name=collegekhabar/>

=== Gaming ===

For all the gaming enthusiasts, Incident also hosts gaming events including [[PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds|PUBG]], [[Defense of the Ancients|DOTA]], [[Need for Speed|NFS]], [[FIFA]] and [[Counter-Strike]].{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

=== Biz Events ===

Hosted by the School of Management, NITK Surathkal, Business events take centre-stage with Biz Quiz, Mock Stock and Mock Press.

=== InciTalks ===

A forum for exchanging knowledge and fresh ideas, Inci Talks is a platform for students to listen to and gain immense perspectives on diverse fields from eminent delegates and distinguished personalities from across the country. InciTalks has proudly hosted prominent and notable personalities among the ranks of Dr. [[K. Ullas Karanth|Ullas Karanth]], [[Ricky Kej]], Balaji Vishwanathan, [[Yogendra Singh Yadav|Yogendra Singh]], [[Prachi Tehlan]], Dr. [[Nagabhairava Jaya Prakash Narayana|Jayaprakash Narayana]], Commander Kailash Girwalkat, Aparajita Amar, Vungarala V Subrahmanyam, [[Harish Hande]], [[Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla]], Yogesh Ghaturle among several others.

=== Proshows ===

Incident Proshows feature various national and international artists spanning various genres of music including rock, heavy metal, pop, electronic and Sufi music. The festival's Pro-Nite event has featured top Indian artists including [[Parikrama (band)|Parikrama]] in 2005,{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} [[Euphoria (Indian band)|Euphoria]] in 2006,<ref name=Incident2006>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/04/stories/2006030416740300.htm |title=Top honours for NITK at Incident 2006 India Quiz |date=4 March 2006 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104073132/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/04/stories/2006030416740300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Raghu Dixit]]{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} and [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]]<ref name=Incident2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/02/stories/2006030215740300.htm |title=All for fun and frolic |last=Babu |first=Savitha Suresh |date=24 February 2007 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240525125107/https://www.webcitation.org/62FySGizP?url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/02/24/stories/2007022400770100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> in 2007, [[KK (singer)|KK]] in 2008{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} and again in 2010,{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} [[Nikhil Chinapa]] and [[Kunal Ganjawala]] in 2009,{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} [[Motherjane]] in 2010,{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] in 2011,<ref>{{cite web|title=NITK hosts ‘Incident 2011'|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/25/stories/2011022563060300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302192835/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/25/stories/2011022563060300.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2011-02-25|archive-date=2011-03-02}}</ref> [[Javed Ali]] in March 2013,<ref>{{cite web|title=DJs and music bands will perform at National Institute of Technology|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangalore/DJs-and-music-bands-will-perform-at-National-Institute-of-Technology/articleshow/18954428.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629121940/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-13/mangalore/37682422_1_rock-bands-cultural-extravaganza-dj-angel|url-status=live|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=2013-06-29}}</ref>
[[Salim–Sulaiman]], in March 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salim Sulaima|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/salim-sulaiman-perform-to-a-packed-house-at-incident-mangalore/articleshow/31844394.cms?}}</ref> 2015 Proshow boasted [[Vishal–Shekhar|Vishal-Shekar]], 2017 witnessed the [[The Local Train|Local Train]], [[Masala Coffee]], [[Lost Stories (DJs)|Lost Stories]] and the RedBull Tourbus. [[Benny Dayal]], Itaca band, [[Zaeden]] and [[Ritviz]] set the stages on fire in 2018, while Amaal Malik stole the limelight in 2019.

== Sponsors ==
Incident 2012 was powered by Namma Metro as title sponsor, and associate sponsors, NICE. Reliance{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} led Incident 2014 as title sponsors. Incident has had several other sponsors including Zappstore.com, Himalaya Herbals, Quest, Syndicate Bank, Flipkart.com, KPCL, Tata Tea, KSFC, T.I.M.E, 98.3 Radio Mirchi, City Center, Channel [V], ONGC MRPL, AIRCEL, Chevrolet, Coca-Cola and The Ocean Pearl.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} ''[[The Hindu]]'' supported Incident as media partner in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/25/stories/2011022563060300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302192835/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/25/stories/2011022563060300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2011|title=NITK Hosts "Incident 2011"|date=25 February 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Surathkal, India}}</ref> Other notable associations include Hindustan Petroleum, Maruti Suzuki, Coke Studio, Airtel, British Council, KTM, Adani, Saavn, LIC, PlayStation, Sephora, Mysore Minerals Limited, Bharat Petroleum, BookMyShow, Canara Bank, Comedy Central, Ideal IceCream, Namma TV, Nestle, SBI, VH1, Cardolite, Deccan Herald, ICICI bank, Hangyo, Karnataka Tourism, Hip Hop International, King's College London, Corporation Bank, Karnataka Bank, The Ramco Cements, NMPT.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Incident 2023 ==
Incident 2023, a 42nd edition of Incident will be conducted from '''16 March to 19 March''' this year as was revealed by India’s Honorable Minister of Education, Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan in the NITK Campus on October 15, 2022.
[[File:Inci Date Reveal.jpg|thumb|Incident'23 dates revealed by Hon'ble Minister of Education and Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan.]]
More than 45,000 students from 200+ colleges all across India are expected to attend this event and going to take part in the competitions.

Visit https://incident.nitk.ac.in/ for registrations and more information.

=== Sponsors ===
Title Sponsors - TribeVibe.

Co-Sponsors - Reliance, Uniball.

Associate Sponsors - Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Mysore Sandal Soap.

Platinum Sponsors - Bosch.

Diamond Sponsors - Karnataka Power Transmission Company Limited.

Gold Sponsors - Hutti Gold Mines.

Silver Sponsors - State Bank of India.{{National Institutes of Technology}}

[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]

Arjun Radhakrishnan

2026-03-27T21:20:11Z

BethIlf498848137: Made Some Details W/ Sources.

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arjun Radhakrishnan
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Nagercoil]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| alma mater = [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2017–present
}}
'''Arjun Radhakrishnan''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]] films. He played the role of [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] in the [[SonyLIV]] web series ''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys]]'' (2022) and has since acted in films such as ''[[Jhund (film)|Jhund]]'' (2022), ''[[Dear Friend (2022 film)|Dear Friend]]'' (2022), [[Pada (film)|''Pada'']] (2022) and ''[[Kannur Squad]]'' (2023)''.''

== Personal life ==
Arjun Radhakrishnan was born in [[Nagercoil]], [[Tamil Nadu]] to a [[Malayali]] father and [[Tamils|Tamil]] mother. He was brought up in [[Pune]] and graduated with a [[BSc]] in [[Statistics]] from [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Performing amid such fine actors an enriching experience: Arjun Radhakrishnan |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2022/03/17/pada-collector-arjun-radhakrishnan-interview.html |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Performing amid such fine actors an enriching experience: Arjun Radhakrishnan |language=en}}</ref> He worked at [[KPMG]] before resigning to pursue acting.<ref name=":8" />

== Career ==
He debuted as an actor in an independent film titled ''Shreelancer'' in 2017.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=2017-08-17 |title=Shreelancer review: Drifting along |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shreelancer-review-drifting-along/article19510406.ece |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He made his breakthrough in the web series [[Rocket Boys (web series)|''Rocket Boys'']] playing the role of [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] in which his performance was praised.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=Rocket Boys' Arjun Radhakrishnan is ready for a spinoff on Dr Kalam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/rocket-boys-arjun-radhakrishnan-is-ready-for-a-spinoff-on-dr-kalam-there-hasn-t-been-a-biopic-on-him-101679535349474.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Shilajit |date=2023-03-16 |title='Rocket Boys' season 2 series review: Jim Sarbh, Ishwak Singh's series reaches for broader horizons, but loses focus |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rocket-boys-season-2-series-review-jim-sarbh-ishwak-singhs-series-reaches-for-broader-horizons-but-loses-focus/article66625525.ece |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Rocket Boys' Arjun Radhakrishnan is ready for a spinoff on |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 March 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/rocket-boys-arjun-radhakrishnan-is-ready-for-a-spinoff-on-dr-kalam-there-hasn-t-been-a-biopic-on-him-101679535349474.html }}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2017
|''[[Shreelancer]]''
|Shreepad Naik
|[[Hindi]] [[English language|English]]
|<ref name=":6" />
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022 || ''[[Jhund (film)|Jhund]]''|| Arjun Borade || Hindi || <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Jhund review: Amitabh Bachchan-starrer is an overlong meander |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jhund-movie-review-nagraj-manjule-amitabh-bachchan-7797070/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pada (film)|Pada]]''|| Ajay Shripad Dange IAS || [[Malayalam]] || <ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-26 |title=Arjun Radhakrishnan: 'Pada' actually opened a new world for me - Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/arjun-radhakrishnan-pada-actually-opened-a-new-world-for-me-exclusive/articleshow/90455843.cms |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dear Friend (2022 film)|Dear Friend]]''|| Shyam ||Malayalam || <ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2022-06-10 |title='Dear Friend' movie review: Tovino Thomas' drama wastes a promising build-up |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dear-friend-movie-review-tovino-thomas-drama-wastes-a-promising-build-up/article65514185.ece |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''Pop City''
|Gulshan Kumar
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=2023-05-16 |title='Popcity' movie review: Unique hitman story with a sense of humour |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/May/15/popcity-movie-review-unique-hitman-story-witha-sense-of-humour-2575361.html |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kannur Squad]]'' || Ameer Shah
| rowspan="4" |Malayalam||<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2023-09-28 |title='Kannur Squad' movie review: Mammootty stars in an effective procedural drama, that works despite its generic elements |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannur-squad-movie-review-mammootty-stars-in-an-effective-procedural-drama-that-works-despite-its-generic-elements/article67356784.ece |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Ullozhukku]]'' || Rajeev||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=Ullozhukku teaser: Parvathy and Urvashi traversing a predicament amid pelting rains |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jun/03/ullozhukku-teaser-parvathy-and-urvashi-traversing-a-predicament-amid-pelting-rains |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Identity (2025 film)|Identity]]'' || Amar Felix ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-16 |title=First look of Tovino Thomas-starrer Identity out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/16/first-look-of-tovino-thomas-starrer-identity-out |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|TBD
|''[[Salim Ahamed|Untitled Salim Ahmed Film]]''
|TBA
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2021-2023
| [[Rocket Boys (web series)|''Rocket Boys'']]
|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]]
|Hindi
|<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2021 || ''Love in the Times of Corona'' || || English Hindi || Television film<ref>{{Cite news |title=Love In The Times Of Corona Review : A sanitised depiction of lockdown impact on relationships and realities |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/love-in-the-times-of-corona/ottmoviereview/84790074.cms |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2025|| ''[[Kerala Crime Files|Kerala Crime Files 2]]'' || SI Noble || Malayalam ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Crime Files 2: Trailer of the Aju Varghese-starrer shows a investigative team's frantic search for CPO Ambili Raju|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kerala-crime-files-2-trailer-aju-varghese-arjun-radhakrishnan/907c4dad2c475 |website=OTTplay |date=28 May 2025 |access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref>
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Award
! colspan="3" |Category
!Film
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
| colspan="3" |[[IIFA Utsavam|Performance in a Negative Role]]
|''[[Kannur Squad]]''
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=IIFA Utsavam: List Of Winners In Tamil And Malayalam Films |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-utsavam-list-of-winners-in-tamil-and-malayalam-films-1674845 | first=Shruti | last=Shiksha| date=29 March 2017 | access-date=2025-06-29 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|8282563|name=Arjun Radhakrishnan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Radhakrishnan, Arjun}}
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:1987 births]]

Rajchandra Das

2026-03-26T10:57:42Z

BethIlf498848137: new.

{{Short description|Indian Zamindar, businessman and reformer (1787–1836)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Raja]] [[Rai Bahadur]]
| name = Raj Chandra Das
| caption = Portrait of Babu Rajchandra Das
| birth_date = 11 May 1787
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal]], [[Company rule in India]]
| death_date = 9 June 1836
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal]], [[Company rule in India]]
| citizenship = [[India|Indian]]
| occupation = Businessman, [[Zaminder]], [[Merchant]], Social reformer
| spouse ={{marriage|[[Rani Rashmoni]]|1804|1836}}
| children = Padmamoni Das, Kumari Chowdhury, Karunamoyee Biswas, Jagadamba Biswas
| parents = [[Preetoram Marh|Babu Preetoram Marh]] (father)
Jogmaya Debi (mother)
| family = [[Janbazar Raj|Marh family of Janbazar]]
}}
[[Babu (title)|Babu]] [[Rai Bahadur|'''Rai''']] '''Raj Chandra Das [[Rai Bahadur|Bahadur]]''' (also spelt as '''Raj Chunder Dass''' or written as '''Rajchandra Marh'''), (1787 - June 9, 1836), was an Indian [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindar]], [[merchant]], businessman and a [[Philanthropy|Philanthropist]]. He was a scion of the famous [[Janbazar Raj|Marh family]] of [[Janbazar]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> He donated large parts of his wealth to charity, education and social reform. Through his contributions, he became one of the icons of [[Bengal Renaissance]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Guria |first=Ratan Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XtwUEQAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&pg=PA143 |title=The Miraculous lives of Avatars and their philosophies |date=2024-07-19 |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |pages=142 to 143 |language=bn}}</ref> As a mark of charity and welfare of society, he built the [[Babu Ghat]] and the [[Nimtala Crematorium|Nimtala Ghat]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3JMAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Saptāhika bartamāna |date=November 2006 |publisher=Bartamāna Pribheṭa Limiṭeḍa |location=[[Kolkata]] |publication-date=2007 |pages=14, 15, 16 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWPxLUOx4PsC&dq=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&pg=PA54 |title=Kolkata Album |publisher=Anubhav Prakashan |pages=53 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Ancestry ==

[[File:Rani Rashmoni's Palace.jpg|thumb|The house of the Marh family at Janbazar]]
He was born into an opulent [[Mahishya]] family to [[Babu (title)|Babu]] [[Preetoram Marh]] and Jogmaya Devi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Manabendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnJDAAAAYAAJ&q=Math+family+of+Janbazar |title=The Radical Humanist |date=1977 |publisher=Maniben Kara |language=en}}</ref> The members of the [[Janbazar Raj]] family. They rose from a very ordinary economic circumstances to the level of [[landlordism]]. The earliest known ancestor of the family was Bijoyram Koley, Kantoram Marh's father and Rajchandra's great-great-grandfather. He is said to be a resident of ''Sonatikhali'' village, under the [[Bardhaman Raj|Raja of Burdwan]].<ref name=":9" /> His descendants are said to have migrated further south to [[Howrah district]]. Rajchandra's great-grandfather Kantoram was a bamboo trader by profession and therefore, he received the title "Marh".<ref name=":7" /> His son was Krishnaram and in turn, Krishnaram's son was Preetoram Marh. Preetoram worked in the customs house. He also brought many [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindaris]] and started an export business, becoming one of the premier merchants and one of the foremost [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindars]] of [[Calcutta]]. The Marh family was [[Mahishya]] by caste and not originally from [[Calcutta]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Dulal Krishna |title=বাংলার নবরত্ন |publisher=Tuhina Publications |year=2020 |edition=2nd |location=[[Kolkata]] |publication-date=2022 |pages=80 to 82 |language=Bengali}}</ref> They originally lived in Khosalpur village in [[Howrah district|Howrah]]. Krishnaram's sister Bindubala Dasi was married to Akrur Manna of the Manna family, the then landlords of [[Janbazar]], [[Kolkata]]. After his aunt's marriage and his mother's untimely demise, Preetoram along with his father Krishna Ram and his two brothers, Rantanu and Kalicharan, came to live in his aunt's house to learn [[trade]] and to receive a formal [[education]]. Gradually, the Marh family's relationship with the Manna family became stronger.<ref name=":5" /> Preetoram married Jogmaya Debi, the daughter of the Jugal Kishore Manna, the younger brother of Akrur Manna. In that marriage in 1777, he received a dowry of several houses in [[Janbazar]] and 16 [[bigha]]s of land. His eldest son, Harachandra died early and therefore, Rajchandra naturally became his [[Heir|legal heir]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":4" />

== Early life ==
Rajchandra was born on 1783, on a day of [[Purnima]] to [[Babu (title)|Babu]] [[Preetoram Marh]], one of the wealthiest merchants of [[Calcutta]] of the time, and the founder of the [[Janbazar Raj]], and Jogmaya Debi. As the second eldest child, he received the undivided attention of his parents. Different tutors were appointed by Preetoram for his education and he was described by his teachers as a "[[fast learner]]". He received a formal education consisting of various languages, such as the [[Persian language]] and [[Sanskrit]] and subjects such as [[Mathematics]], [[Trade]], [[Business]], [[History]], [[Science]]s and other contemporary essential subjects. Apart from his native [[Bengali language|Bengali]], he was also fluent in languages such as [[Sanskrit]], [[English language|English]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name=":8" />

After, the sudden demise of his elder brother Harachandra, he firmly took over the reins of business from his father and worked diligently in expanding it. He bought huge tracts of land in the districts of [[Nadia district|Nadia]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], [[Howrah district]], [[South 24 Parganas]] and [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]], [[Jessore District|Jessore]], [[Dhaka District|Dhaka]] (especially in [[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh|Gopalganj District]] which was even renamed after one of his grandsons) and even in some parts of [[Odisha]].<ref name=":9" />

== Marriages ==

[[File:Rani Rashmoni 1994 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Rani Rashmoni on a postal stamp by the Government of India]]
Rajchandra was surpassed in terms of work by his wife [[Rani Rashmoni]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Senapati and Das |first=Uma and Dulal Krishna |title=মাহিষ্য রত্নাবলী জীবনী শতক |publisher=Tuhina Publications |year=2018 |isbn=9788194434641 |edition=2nd |location=[[Kolkata]] |publication-date=2020 |pages=189 to 190 |language=Bengali |trans-title=Mahishya Ratnavali Biographical Century}}</ref> However, this distinguished [[Bengalis|Bengali]] of the 18th century is now known by his wife.<ref name=":0" /> Rajchandra married twice before marrying [[Rani Rashmoni]], but unfortunately both his wives died within a year of their respective marriages. After the untimely death of his first two wives, Rajchandra married [[Rani Rashmoni|Rashmoni]] in 1804. Rashmoni was affectionately called 'Rani' by her mother.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kim |first=David W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPR0DwAAQBAJ&dq=rajchandra+das&pg=PA118 |title=Colonial Transformation and Asian Religions in Modern History |date=2018-10-12 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-1912-1 |language=en}}</ref> Later, the title '[[Rani]]' remained next to her name in her work records forever. After her husband's death, the wealth of the [[zamindar]]i passed to Rashmoni. Over time, she rose from 'Zamidarginni' to the status of '[[Rani]]' in the literal sense.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Debī |first=Annapūrṇā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1M4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Rānī Rāsamaṇī |date=1967 |publisher=Palāśī |pages=40 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mitra |first=Rādhāramaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWdXAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Kalikātā-darpaṇa |date=1980 |publisher=Subarṇarekhā |isbn=978-81-86263-48-8 |pages=130 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Ghosha |first=Gaurāṅgaprasāda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFgqAAAAYAAJ&q=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Rajeśvarī Rāsamaṇi |date=1988 |publisher=Yogamāẏā Prakāśanī |language=bn}}</ref>

== Business life ==
Rajchandra became the representative of the [[English people|English]] Kelvin Company. He got involved in the export business. He exported [[tasar]], mriganavi, [[indigo]], etc. to [[England]]. Through the [[British Empire|British]] Kelvin Company, all those products were distributed in the [[English people|English]] market. Along with export trade, Rajchandra got involved in the stock exchange business. He bought the [[Beliaghata|Beleghata region]] with a large amount of cash. In the stockbroking business, he bought paddy, [[jute]], [[rice]], [[jaggery]], [[moong]], [[lentil]]s, [[copper]], etc. at low prices and sold them at high prices, making money like water. Rajchandra bought the entire area including today's [[Dharmatala]], [[Free School Street]], [[New Market, Kolkata|New Market]], Rashmoni Square in [[Kolkata]]. He realised that the [[British East India Company]] would not leave [[India]] easily, they were settled in [[Kolkata]]. The far-sighted businessman Rajchandra was able to sense this and quickly bought all the land around the [[Maidan]]. He also started buying houses in the Sahebs' neighborhood. After buying the best lands in [[South Kolkata]], Rajchandra became the largest landowner in [[Kolkata]]. He became the principal [[Zamindar]] of [[Kolkata]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> He was welcomed by [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] to be one of the founding members of the [[Zamindari Association|Bengal landholders Association]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Manabendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3FDAAAAYAAJ&q=mathurmohan+biswas |title=The Radical Humanist |date=1973 |publisher=Maniben Kara |language=en}}</ref>

'''Building of the Janbazar Palace'''
[[File:Kolkata House of Rani Rashmoni.jpg|thumb|Janbazar Palace]]
In 1813, Rajchandra completed the construction of the palace started by Pritiram on six [[bigha]]s of land. This palace of three hundred rooms has six courtyards, a lake. Seven mahals, ''Thakurdalan'', ''Natmandir'', ''Dewankhana'', ''Kachari Ghar'', ''Guest house'', ''Goyal Ghar'', armory, and rooms for the guards and dewans. This palace, adjacent to the [[Janbazar]] palace, was built at a cost of twenty-five lakh [[Mohur]]s.<ref name=":1" />

'''Beleghata Property dispute'''

Rajchandra's [[Beliaghata|Beleghata]] Property did not have a drainage system. It is necessary to cut a canal and provide drainage. There is also no bridge across the public road. Rajchandra cut a canal and built a bridge. Since the [[East India Company|British company]] did not have occupation in [[Beliaghata|Beleghata]], they did not needed to take permission. However, Rajchandra imposed a condition on the government that the government would not be able to collect any toll from the public for the bridge. The government was forced to accept the condition.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Dāsa |first=Amarendra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enAAh-IwwYQC&q=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Rājanārāẏaṇera Kalakāta |date=1976 |publisher=Barṇālī |language=bn}}</ref>

== Contributions ==
'''Construction of the Babu Ghat'''

[[File:Babu Ghat, building named after Babu Raj Chandra Das 04.jpg|thumb|Babu Ghat]]
The then rich people of [[Calcutta]] used to build bathing ghats as a mark of wealth. On the other side of the [[Hooghly River]] to establish his status Raj Chandra started building a ghat on the other side of the [[Hooghly River|Ganges]] in competition with them. After obtaining the permission of the company, he first built a ghat on the other side of the river. He built a ghat with thirty-six pillars. A covering over the pillars. Separate arrangements for men and women for bathing. [[Lord William Bentinck|Lord Bentinck]]'s proclamation named it 'Babu Rajchandra Das's Ghat'. It is still popularly known as '[[Babu Ghat]]'.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |title=In pictures: A short history of Kolkata's many ghats |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/learn-about-kolkatas-jagannath-ghat-nimtala-ghat-ahiritola-ghat-pathuria-ghat-kumartuli-ghat-sovabazar-ghat-bagbazar-ghat-mayer-ghat-babughat-and-prinsep-ghat-photogallery/cid/1851650 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319195324/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/learn-about-kolkatas-jagannath-ghat-nimtala-ghat-ahiritola-ghat-pathuria-ghat-kumartuli-ghat-sovabazar-ghat-bagbazar-ghat-mayer-ghat-babughat-and-prinsep-ghat-photogallery/cid/1851650 |archive-date=2025-03-19 |access-date=2025-06-08 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Babu Ghat, building named after Babu Raj Chandra Das 03.jpg|thumb|Built in 1815]]

'''Building of the Ahiritala Ghat'''

[[File:Ahiritola Bathing Ghat - Strand Bank Road - Nimtala - Kolkata 2016-10-11 0751.JPG|thumb|New renovated building of Ahiritala Ghat]]
Rajchandra focused on doing philanthropic and public welfare work. After [[Babu Ghat|Babughat]], he built a huge bathing ghat in [[Sovabazar Ahiritola railway station|Aheritola]]. He built a huge pucca house on his own land for patients with internal bleeding who were on their way to death at [[Nimtala Crematorium|Nimtala crematorium]]. Accommodation, food and medical facilities were arranged for the inmates. Doctors and attendants were appointed to take care of the patients round the clock. All these news of Rajchandra's charitable deeds spread quickly. Rajchandra's fame was published in the newspapers. Rajchandra's public welfare work was recorded in the [[The India Gazette|India Gazette]]. In 1817, Rajchandra's father Preetoram died. His mother died that same year. With the generosity of money, he performed a grand [[Śrāddha|Shraddha]] ceremony for his parents. Rajchandra, who was without parents, lived with his wife and daughters in a palace-like residence at [[Free School Street|71 Free School Street]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Sukanta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GZuAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Calcutta, the Living City: The past |date=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-562585-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Streetwise Kolkata: Beyond an iconic bathing ghat, Ahiritola's history is intertwined with its diverse residents |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/streetwise-kolkata-bathing-ghat-ahiritolas-history-8407260/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

'''Towards Education'''

[[File:Medical College Hospital - Calcutta (Kolkata) 1878.jpg|thumb|Calcutta Medical College]]
Rajchandra took up the task of showing his position to the intellectuals of [[Kolkata]]. To connect himself with the intellectual community, Rajchandra generously helped in the establishment of the [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Hindu College]] in [[Kolkata]]. He also donated a large amount of money to establish the [[Calcutta Medical College]].<ref name="Chetanananda 1989">{{Cite book |last=Chetanananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4_XAAAAMAAJ&q=raj+chandra+das+of+janbazar |title=They Lived with God: Life Stories of Some Devotees of Sri Ramakrishna |date=1989 |publisher=Vedanta Society of St. Louis |isbn=978-0-916356-61-3 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Presidency College, Calcutta by Francis Frith (1).jpg|thumb|The Hindu College in Calcutta]]

'''Eden Gardens'''

According to popular culture, Raj Chandra gifted one of his biggest gardens, Marh Bagan, besides the river [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]], to Lord Auckland and his sister [[Emily Eden]] in gratitude for their help in saving his third daughter from a fatal disease. The garden was then renamed to the Eden Gardens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-22 |title=THE EDEN GARDENS – A PARADISE LOST |url=https://puronokolkata.com/2019/01/22/the-eden-gardens-a-paradise-lost/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=PURONOKOLKATA |language=en}}</ref>

'''Gaining fame'''

[[File:The Asiatic Society Building, 1828.tif|thumb|The Asiatic society]]
Rajchandra's fame gradually spread everywhere through all these public welfare works. By involving himself in welfare works for the common people, against luxury and debauchery, Rajchandra established his clean and distinct image from the then company-minded businessmen and landlords. This strengthened Rajchandra's position among the so-called upper caste Hindu elite. He became one of the foremost members of the [[Bhadralok|Bhadralok samaj]] of the [[Bengal Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leach |first=Edmund Ronald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2u88AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56 |title=Elites in South Asia |date=1970 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=56 |language=en}}</ref> [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy|Raja Rammohan Roy]], [[Dwarkanath Tagore|Prince Dwarkanath Tagore]], Raja Kalikrishna Tagore, [[Radhakanta Deb|Raja Radhakanta Deb]], Dewan Gangagobindo Singha, [[Pathuriaghata|Prasanna Kumar Tagore]]. Along with gaining the same status as [[Kaliprasanna Singha]], [[Ramdulal Sarkar]] and others, Rajchandra's name was placed in or even above their ranks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=জাত-বৈষম্যে জনহিতকর কর্মে রাজচন্দ্র-রাসমণি |url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/2019/05/31/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=Bhorer Kagoj |language=bn}}</ref> Rajchandra, who was of [[Mahishya]] descent, was recognized along with the other high caste kings, [[maharaja]]s, and [[Zamindars of Bengal|zamindars]] of the 19th century. He also received official recognition. He was awarded the prestigious title of [[Roy Bahadur]] by the [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|Lord Amherst]], the [[Governor-General of India]] himself. The [[British East India Company]] officially recognised the title of '[[Raja]]' as he was already popularly called by the people. The company also appointed him as an honorary magistrate.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Prabhananda |first1=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lg1jDwAAQBAJ&dq=rajchandra+das&pg=PT23 |title=More About Ramakrishna |last2=Math) |first2=Advaita Ashrama (A Publication House of Ramakrishna Math, Belur |date=2019 |publisher=Advaita Ashrama (A publication branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math) |isbn=978-81-7505-883-5 |language=en}}</ref> Rajchandra also joined in preventing the practice of sati by [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy|Rammohan Roy]]. In 1829, the first bank was established in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], called the [[Bank of Calcutta]]. Rajchandra became the director of that bank and in the same year, he was among the handful of Indians elected to be the members of [[The Asiatic Society]]. The greats of [[Bengal]], such as [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] regularly visited Rajchandra's house.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=The Real Rani -- Rani Rashmoni's husband taught her how to run a business |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/the-real-rani-rani-rashmonis-husband-taught-her-how-to-run-a-business |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mondal |first=Amrita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdwhEAAAQBAJ&dq=raj+chandra+das+of+janbazar&pg=PT228 |title=Owning Land, Being Women: Inheritance and Subjecthood in India |date=2021-04-06 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-069053-8 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Kolkata Asiatic Society2.jpg|thumb|The Asiatic society]]

== Family ==
Rajchandra and [[Rani Rashmoni|Rashmoni]] had four daughters. Padmamani, Kumari, Karunamoyee, and Jagadamba. One son died after being born. The girls were all married to the same caste. Because marriage between different castes was unthinkable at that time. It was considered a religious sin. The eldest daughter was married to Ramchandra Ata, a member of another [[Mahishya]] Zamindar family. The second daughter was married to Pyarimohan Chowdhury, a resident of Sonabere village in [[Khulna District|Khulna district]]. The third daughter, Karunamoyee, was married to [[Mathurmohan Biswas|Mathuramohan Biswas]]. After the short-lived death of Karunamoyee, the third son-in-law, [[Mathurmohan Biswas|Mathuramohan]], married off his fourth daughter, Jagadamba, and left his son-in-law at home.<ref name="Chetanananda 1989"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosha |first=Lokanātha |url=http://archive.org/details/modernhistoryin00unkngoog |title=The modern history of the Indian chiefs, rajas, Zamindars, &c. |date=1879 |publisher=Calcutta : J.N. Ghose |others=Oxford University |pages=72 to 73}}</ref>

== Family tree ==
{{main|Janbazar_Raj#Family_tree}}
== Death & Legacy ==
On 9 June 1836, Rajchandra suffered a heart attack while traveling in a [[carriage]], resulting in cerebral hemorrhage and paralysis, and died at the age of 53.<ref name=":4" />

After Rajchandra's death, as he had no son, the sole responsibility of business and land ownership fell on [[Rani Rashmoni]]. Rashmoni managed the affairs of the kingdom with a very firm hand, slow-paced, and intelligent hand, ensuring her strong position in her husband's absence. She gradually became proficient in land ownership by changing her husband's seal and sealing it in her own name. Her son-in-law [[Mathurmohan Biswas|Mathuramohan]] always helped her in land ownership. In addition to 'Babu Rajchandra Das' Ghat' or [[Babu Ghat|Babughat]], she also had a ghat built for opening the market. She had a wide road built from [[Chowringhee|Chowrangi]] for bathers and pilgrims to reach [[Babu Ghat|Babughat]]. Later, that road was named Auckland Road. Now we know that road as Rani Rashmoni Avenue. Before his death, Rajchandra left behind a large estate and cash of Rs 68 [[lakh]]. He had shares of [[Bank of Calcutta|Bank of Bengal]] worth Rs 8 lakh in his name. In addition, he had lent Rs 3 lakh to people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gangooly |first=Chintamoney |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJJCAQAAMAAJ&dq=rajchandra+das&pg=PA157 |title=The Supplemental Volume to the Weekly Reporter: Being a Verbatim Reprint of All Those Rulings of the Bengal Law Reports which Were Not Reported in the Weekly Reporter, with Comparative Tables of All the Cases Contained in the Bengal Law Reports, Showing at a Glance the Number of Page and Volume of the Weekly Reporter where Any Particular Ruling of the Bengal Law Reports May be Found : Compiled from the Bengal Law Reports |date=1909 |publisher=B. Baral at the "Law-Publishing Press," |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Rajchandra}}
[[Category:1783 births]]
[[Category:1836 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Industrialists from British India]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:18th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:19th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Hindu revivalists]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Social workers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Howrah district]]
[[Category:Rai Bahadurs]]
[[Category:Indian landlords]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from British India]]
[[Category:Merchants]]

Kheriki

2026-03-26T08:31:34Z

BethIlf498848137: Creating initial details added tags - done

{{Short description|Baghpat district village}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kheriki
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Baghpat
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| coordinates = {{coord|29|02|11|N|77|14|18|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| population_total = 2707
| population_as_of = 2011
}}
'''Kheriki''' (also spelled ''Kherki'') is a village in the [[Baghpat]] tehsil of [[Baghpat district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The village is administrated by a Gram Panchayat. According to the 2011 Census of India, Kheriki had a population of 2,707.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/119396-kheriki-uttar-pradesh.html |title=Kheriki Village Population 2011 |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Kherki is located in the fertile plains of western Uttar Pradesh. The village has agricultural fields and a notable village pond that serves as a local water source. Nearby villages include Tyodhi and Sarurpur Kalan. The village is accessible via paved roads and is connected to regional highways that link it with Baghpat and other nearby towns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/119396-kheriki-uttar-pradesh.html |title=Kheriki Geography |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
The main languages spoken in Kheriki are Hindi and Khadi Boli. The majority of residents belong to the Hindu community, with Brahmins/Pandits being one of the prominent castes. As of 2011, the village had a total population of 2,707 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/119396-kheriki-uttar-pradesh.html |title=Kheriki Demographics |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Kheriki is governed by a Gram Panchayat. The village has a local Pradhan (village head), who oversees administrative functions and local development projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baghpat.nic.in/ |title=Baghpat District Official Website |website=baghpat.nic.in}}</ref>

== Economy ==
The economy of Kherki is primarily based on agriculture, dairy, and small businesses. Major crops depend on the season, and many villagers also run small shops to supplement their income.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/119396-uttar-pradesh.html |title=Kheriki Economic Profile |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Culture and traditions ==
Kherki has a mixed culture with residents celebrating local festivals in accordance with Hindu traditions. There is a village temple that serves as a spiritual center. No large fairs or festivals are reported in official sources.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baghpat.nic.in/ |title=Cultural Practices in Baghpat |website=baghpat.nic.in}}</ref>

== Transport ==
The village is connected by paved roads and is near a bus stand called Kherki Bus Point. Regional highways provide access to Baghpat and surrounding towns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baghpat.nic.in/ |title=Transport in Baghpat District |website=baghpat.nic.in}}</ref>

== Education ==
The village has a government primary school, and a nearby college is located within Kherki. Education is accessible for local residents, with students also traveling to Baghpat for higher studies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baghpat.nic.in/ |title=Education in Kheriki |website=baghpat.nic.in}}</ref>

== News coverage ==
Kheriki has been featured in regional and national news for some notable local events.

* **NDTV (1 August 2019)** – A video from Kheriki went viral when a man celebrated his birthday in an unusual manner by cutting his cake using a firearm. This incident was widely reported and highlighted the local customs and social practices in the village.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP Man On Video Cuts Birthday Cake By Shooting It |url=https://www.ndtv.com/cities/baghpat-uttar-pradesh-up-man-on-video-cuts-his-birthday-cake-2078851 |newspaper=NDTV |date=1 August 2019 |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref>

* **Amar Ujala (8 August 2023)** – Kheriki became the first village in the Baghpat district where cameras were installed at every intersection and road as part of a local safety and monitoring initiative. This project was highlighted for improving security and traffic management within the village.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kherki is the first village where cameras are installed at every intersection and road |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/baghpat/kherki-is-the-first-village-where-cameras-are-installed-at-every-intersection-and-road-baghpat-news-c-28-1-bag1001-4011-2023-08-08 |newspaper=Amar Ujala |date=8 August 2023 |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bagpat district]]

{{UttarPradesh-geo-stub}}

Taj Club House Chennai

2026-03-24T04:28:01Z

BethIlf498848137: adjusted structure for accuracy and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Luxury hotel in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{advert|date=December 2011}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2011}}
}}
{{Infobox hotel
| name = Taj Club House
| logo =
| logo_size = 180px
| image = TajClubHouse Entrance.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Taj Club House Hotel, Chennai
| location = [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| address = 2 Club House Road, [[Anna Salai]] [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] 600 002
| hotel_chain = [[Taj Hotels]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13.061466|80.264013|display=inline,title}}
| opening_date = December 2008
| developer =
| architect = Thom Catallo (Mackenzie Designphase Hospitality)
| operator = [[Taj Hotels]]
| owner = Taj-GVK Hotels
| number_of_rooms = 220
| number_of_suites = 16
| number_of_restaurants =
| floor_area =
| floor_count = 7
| height =
| parking =
| website = [http://www.tajhotels.com/Business/Taj%20Club%20House,CHENNAI/default.htm tajhotels.com]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Taj Club House''' is the fourth [[hotel]] of the [[Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces|Taj Group of Hotels]] in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. Formerly known as the Taj Mount Road, it is a [[Hotel rating|five-star]] luxury hotel<ref>{{cite web| title =Category : 5 Star Delux| work =List of Approved Hotels as of : 06/01/2013| publisher =Ministry of Tourism, Government of India| year =2013| url =http://tourism.gov.in/TourismDivision/HotelList.aspx?Name=Hotels%20and%20Restaurants&HCID=48| access-date =6 Jan 2013| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130118102237/http://tourism.gov.in/TourismDivision/HotelList.aspx?Name=Hotels%20and%20Restaurants&HCID=48| archive-date =18 January 2013| df =dmy-all}}</ref> located on Clubhouse Road, [[Anna Salai]],<ref>{{cite news
| title = Taj Club House's new Sunday brunch is made for OMG feasting
| location = Chennai
| date = 9 December 2017
| url = https://www.indulgexpress.com/life-style/food/2017/dec/09/taj-club-houses-new-sunday-brunch-is-made-for-omg-feasting-5225.html
| newspaper = Indian Express Indulge
| access-date = 28 August 2023}}</ref> across from the [[Taj Connemara]] Hotel, which is another property of the Taj Group. Owned by Taj-GVK Hotels, managed by Taj Hotels, and built at a cost of ₹1,600 million,<ref>{{cite news
| title = Taj-GVK hotel to be ready by 2009-end
| location = Chennai
| date = 31 July 2008
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/31/stories/2008073158970200.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080805182316/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/31/stories/2008073158970200.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 5 August 2008
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 9 Dec 2011}}</ref> it opened in December 2008. The hotel was designed by Thom Catallo of Mackenzie Designphase Hospitality.<ref>{{cite web| title =Indian based luxury hotel Taj unveils Taj Mount Road in Chennai| publisher =World Construction Network| date =22 January 2009| url =http://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/news/indian_based_luxury_hotel_taj_unveils_taj_mount_road_in_chennai_090122/| access-date =10 Dec 2011| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://archive.today/20130209201533/http://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/news/indian_based_luxury_hotel_taj_unveils_taj_mount_road_in_chennai_090122/| archive-date =9 February 2013| df =dmy-all}}</ref>

==General information==
[[File:TajClubHouse Facade.jpg|thumb|left|Facade of the hotel]]
[[File:TajClubHouse Lobby.jpg|thumb|left|Lobby at the hotel]]
[[File:TajClubHouse Corridor 01.jpg|thumb|One of the corridors at the hotel]]
[[File:TajClubHouse waiting hall.jpg|thumb|Waiting hall at the hotel]]

The hotel is seven stories high with a 45,000 sq ft blue glass facade and has 220 rooms including 16 suites.<ref name="TajClubHouseOpen">{{cite news
| title = The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces launches Taj Mount Road
| newspaper = Business Standard
| date = 22 December 2008
| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/the-taj-hotels-resortspalaces-launches-taj-mount-road/343988/
| access-date = 9 Dec 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Best Luxury Hotels in Chennai
| newspaper = The Luxury Editor
| date = n.d.
| url = https://theluxuryeditor.com/best-luxury-hotels-in-chennai/
| access-date = 28 August 2023}}</ref> These include 38 superior rooms, 107 deluxe rooms, 59 premium rooms, nine executive suites (500 sq ft), six deluxe suites (662 sq ft) and a presidential suite (3,500 sq ft). The 3,300-sq ft banqueting hall on the ground floor, The Summit, can hold up to 400 guests. There are two meetings rooms with a maximum capacity of 30 and a boardroom for up to 12 people on the sixth floor.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Mannion
| first = Michelle
| title = Taj Mount Road, Chennai
| publisher = Business Traveller
| date = 20 April 2009
| url = http://www.businesstraveller.com/tried-and-tested/hotels/india/hotel-check-taj-mount-road,-chennai
| access-date = 9 Dec 2011}}</ref>

Restaurants include Club House, the all-day dining restaurant that serves European cuisine; Beyond Indus, serving cuisine from Punjab, Rawalpindi and Sindh, including wines; Kefi, serving Mediterranean cuisine; ''Blend'' bar; ''Brew'' coffee and tea shop; and ''Deli'', serving delicacies ranging from sandwiches to exotic chocolates. The rooftop facilities include a lap pool, a gymnasium and a yoga room.<ref name="TajClubHouseOpen"/>

[[File:Deluxe Suite Bedroom (5547903570).jpg|thumb|A typical room at the hotel]]

==Awards and recognitions==
In 2023, the hotel was recognized with "Top Hospitality Honors" at the 8th International Hospitality Day organised by the International Hospitality Council (IHC) London and the International Institute of Hotel Management (IIHM).<ref name="IIHM-IHCAward">{{cite news
| title = Six top IHCL Hotels in Chennai win honours at the IIHM-IHC London International Hospitality Day Awards 2023
| location = Chennai
| date = 28 June 2023
| url = https://www.hotelierindia.com/events/six-top-ihcl-hotels-in-chennai-win-honours-at-the-iihm-ihc-london-international-hospitality-day-awards-2023
| archive-url =
| url-status =
| archive-date =
| newspaper = Hotelier India
| access-date = 28 August 2023}}</ref> The Beyond Indus restaurant at the hotel bagged honours in the Restaurants Category.<ref name="IIHM-IHCAward"/>
{{-}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Hotels in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web|last=Patel|first=Nayantara|title=Business Class|url=http://travel.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?262053|work=Outlook Traveller|access-date=10 Dec 2011|date=1 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130231837/http://travel.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?262053|archive-date=30 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite web|last=Muthalaly |first=Shonali |title= Kefi time |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/02/04/stories/2009020450540800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210054815/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/02/04/stories/2009020450540800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2009|access-date=10 Dec 2011|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 February 2009}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tajhotels.com/Business/Taj%20Club%20House,CHENNAI/default.htm Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206074141/http://www.tajhotels.com/Business/Taj%20Club%20House,Chennai/default.htm |date=6 December 2014 }}

{{Hotels in Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Hotels in Chennai]]
[[Category:Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hotels established in 2008]]

Raja Krishnamoorthi

2026-03-18T02:18:46Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{Short description|American lawyer and politician (born 1973)}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2025}}{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raja Krishnamoorthi
| image = Raja Krishnamoorthi official photo.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2017
| state = [[Illinois]]
| district = {{ushr|IL|8|8th}}
| term_start = January 3, 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Tammy Duckworth]]
| successor =
| birth_name = {{nobr|Subramanian Raja Krishnamoorthi}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|7|19}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse = Priya Krishnamoorthi
| children = 3
| education = {{ubl |[[Princeton University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) |[[Harvard University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])}}
| signature = Raja Krishnamoorthi Signature.svg
| website = {{url|krishnamoorthi.house.gov|House website}} {{url|rajaforil.com|Campaign website}}
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi Honors Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy.ogg |title=Krishnamoorthi's voice |type=speech |description=Krishnamoorthi honoring [[Govindappa Venkataswamy]], an Indian ophthalmologist. Recorded October 1, 2020.}}
}}
'''Subramanian Raja Krishnamoorthi'''<ref>"[http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/schneider-returns-to-house-krishnamoorthi-takes-duckworths-seat/ Schneider returns to House; Krishnamoorthi takes Duckworth's seat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615005347/https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/schneider-returns-to-house-krishnamoorthi-takes-duckworths-seat/ |date=June 15, 2018 }}".</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|dʒ|ə|_|ˌ|k|r|ɪ|ʃ|n|ə|ˈ|m|ʊər|θ|i}} {{respell|RAH|jə|_|KRISH|nə|MOORTH|ee}}; born July 19, 1973) is an American attorney and politician serving as the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|IL|8}} since 2017. He is a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]].

Born in [[New Delhi]], India, and raised in [[Peoria, Illinois]], Krishnamoorthi served as a special assistant attorney general before he was first elected to the House in [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 8|2016]]. He is the first Indian American or person of South Asian descent to serve as a ranking member or chair of any full committee in the U.S. Congress. He also served as an assistant whip.<ref name=firstpost/><ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://krishnamoorthi.house.gov/about|date=December 3, 2012|website=Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raja Krishnamoorthi |url=https://clerk.house.gov/members/K000391 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |website=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives}}</ref> He lost the Democratic nomination in the [[2026 United States Senate election in Illinois]] to [[Juliana Stratton]].

==Early life and education==
Krishnamoorthi was born in 1973 into a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Hindu]] family in [[New Delhi]], India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Krishnamoorthi heading to U.S. Congress |work=The Hindu |date=2016-11-09 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Raja-Krishnamoorthi-heading-to-U.S.-Congress/article16440909.ece |access-date=2021-03-06}}</ref><ref name=firstpost>{{cite web |last=Bhattacharyya |first=Anirudh |title=Raja Krishnamoorthi: First-ever Hindu of Indian origin may make it to the US House of Representatives |date=2016-08-29 |publisher=firstpost.com |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/meet-raja-krishnamoorthi-first-ever-hindu-of-indian-origin-to-be-elected-to-the-us-house-of-representatives-2981414.html |access-date=2016-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Raja Krishnamoorthi becomes first Indian-American to enter US Congress | last=Sharma | first=Sheenu | newspaper=[[India Today]] | date=November 9, 2016 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/us-presidential-elections-raja-krishnamoorthi-indian-american-us-congress-351036-2016-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Raja Krishnamoorthi heading to U.S. Congress|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Raja-Krishnamoorthi-heading-to-U.S.-Congress/article16440909.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> His family moved to [[Buffalo, New York]], when he was three months old so that his father could attend [[graduate school]].<ref name=firstpost/> He claims early economic hardships necessitated living in [[public housing]] and using [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|food assistance]] for a time, in 1980, the Krishnamoorthis moved to [[Peoria, Illinois]],<ref name=firstpost/> where his father became a [[professor]] at [[Bradley University]] and they enjoyed a middle-class upbringing.<ref name=rollcall/> Krishnamoorthi attended public schools in Peoria and was a [[valedictorian]] of his graduating class at [[Richwoods High School]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.woodfordtimes.com/article/20090825/NEWS/308259977|title=Richwoods grad making bid for state office|first=DeWayne|last=Bartels|newspaper=Woodford Times}}</ref>

Krishnamoorthi attended [[Princeton University]], where he earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[mechanical engineering]] ''summa cum laude''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rep.-elect Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-Ill.-08)|url=https://thehill.com/members/new-members-guide-2017/306274-rep-elect-raja-krishnamoorthi-d-ill-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201213207/https://thehill.com/members/new-members-guide-2017/306274-rep-elect-raja-krishnamoorthi-d-ill-08|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 1, 2021|last=Perks|first=Ashley|date=November 29, 2016|website=The Hill|language=en|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> He then received a [[Juris Doctor]] with honors from [[Harvard Law School]].<ref name=rollcall/> During law school, Krishnamoorthi was managing editor of the ''[[Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review]]'', and published a [[law review]] article on the implementation of [[Local School Councils]] in Chicago public elementary schools.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krishnamoorthi|first=S. Raja|date=2000|title=Making Local School Councils Work: The Implementation of Local School Councils in Chicago Public Elementary Schools|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jle29&div=39|journal=Journal of Law & Education|volume=29|issue=3|pages=285–314|via=Hein Online}}</ref>

==Early career==
[[File:RajaObamaKitchen.jpg|thumb|Krishnamoorthi and Barack Obama in July 2002]]
After graduating from Harvard, Krishnamoorthi served as a [[law clerk]] for federal judge [[Joan B. Gottschall]] in the Northern District of Illinois<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sj-r.com/x2015100229/Bernie-Schoenburg-Schock-Shimkus-Obama-born-in-U-S|title=Bernard Schoenburg: Schock, Shimkus: Obama born in U.S.| last=Schoenburg | first=Bernard | work=[[The State-Journal Register]]|date=August 2, 2009|access-date=November 7, 2016}}</ref> and then worked on [[Barack Obama]]'s [[Illinois's 1st congressional district election, 2000|2000 election campaign]] for the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He also served as an issues director for Obama's [[United States Senate election in Illinois, 2004|2004 campaign]] for the [[United States Senate]]<ref name=rollcall/> and aided in the development of Obama's [[2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address]].<ref name=firstpost/>

After being appointed to the Board of the Illinois Housing Development Authority, Krishnamoorthi practiced law and then served as a special assistant attorney general, helping start the state's anti-corruption unit under [[Illinois Attorney General]] [[Lisa Madigan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Illinois' first Indian-American representative is ready to work 'across the aisle'|date=December 26, 2016 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/illinois-first-indian-american-representative-ready-work-across-aisle-n699656|publisher=NBC News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref><ref name=rollcall/> He served as deputy state treasurer for [[Illinois Treasurer]] [[Alexi Giannoulias]] from 2007 to 2009 and then as vice-chairman of the Illinois Innovation Council.<ref name=firstpost/><ref name=rollcall/><ref>{{Cite news|date=March 18, 2013|title=Raja Krishnamoorthi appointed to Illinois Innovation Council|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/raja-krishnamoorthi-appointed-to-illinois-innovation-council/articleshow/19031016.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> He was the president of high-tech small businesses in the Chicago area until he resigned before entering Congress to eliminate any conflicts of interest.<ref name=firstpost/><ref name=rollcall/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20170128/news/170128775/|title=Daily Herald|date=January 28, 2017|work=Suburbs' new congressmen ready to face steep climb on the 'Hill'|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref>

== U.S. House of Representatives ==

=== Elections ===
[[2010 Illinois elections#Comptroller|In 2010]], Krishnamoorthi ran for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] nomination for [[Illinois Comptroller|Illinois comptroller]]. He lost the [[Partisan primary|primary election]] to [[Illinois House of Representatives|state representative]] [[David E. Miller]] by less than 1% of the vote.<ref name=bigwin/><ref>{{Cite news | last = Mack | first = Kristen | title = Democratic comptroller race settled | newspaper = Chicago Tribune | location = Chicago | publisher = Tribune Co. | date = February 3, 2010 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/elections/ct-met-democratic-comptroller-race-20100203,0,4654246.story | access-date = November 7, 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206004904/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/elections/ct-met-democratic-comptroller-race-20100203,0,4654246.story | archive-date = February 6, 2010 }}</ref> In [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District_8|2012]] he ran for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives seat in {{ushr|IL|8}}, and lost to [[Tammy Duckworth]] with 33.8% of the vote.<ref name=rollcall>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/rothenblog/faces-115th-congress-raja-krishnamoorthi|title=Faces of the 115th Congress: Raja Krishnamoorthi|first=Nathan L.|last=Gonzales|date=March 31, 2016|work=Roll Call|access-date=November 7, 2016|archive-date=November 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108133745/http://www.rollcall.com/news/rothenblog/faces-115th-congress-raja-krishnamoorthi|url-status=dead}}</ref>

When Duckworth [[2016 United States Senate election in Illinois|ran for the U.S. Senate]] in 2016, Krishnamoorthi again declared his candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives. He won the March 2016 primary election with 57% of the vote, to [[Illinois State Senate|state senator]] [[Michael Noland]]'s 29% and Deb Bullwinkel's 13%.<ref name=bigwin>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/skokie/community/chi-ugc-article-raja-krishnamoorthi-registers-big-win-in-cong-2016-03-17-story.html|title=Raja Krishnamoorthi Registers Big Win in Congressional Primary|work=Chicago Tribune|date=March 17, 2016|access-date=November 7, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108052352/http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/skokie/community/chi-ugc-article-raja-krishnamoorthi-registers-big-win-in-cong-2016-03-17-story.html|archive-date=November 8, 2016}}</ref> Krishnamoorthi defeated Republican [[DuPage County]] County board member Pete DiCianni in the November general election, capturing 58.1% of the vote after a campaign in which he vowed to fight for middle-class families in Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/illinois-house-congress-eighth-district-il-08-tammy-duckworth-raja-krishnamoorthi-peter-dicianni|title=New Member: Democrat Raja Krishnamoorthi Elected in Illinois' 8th District|date=November 9, 2016|website=Roll Call|access-date=January 30, 2017|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202051204/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/illinois-house-congress-eighth-district-il-08-tammy-duckworth-raja-krishnamoorthi-peter-dicianni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/illinois-house-district-8-krishnamoorthi-dicianni|title=Illinois U.S. House 8th District Results: Raja Krishnamoorthi Wins|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Krishnamoorthi-Vows-to-Fight-for-the-Middle-Class-in-Congress-398489461.html|title=Krishnamoorthi Vows to Fight for Middle Class in Congress|newspaper=NBC Chicago|language=en|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref>

Krishnamoorthi was unopposed for the 2018 Democratic nomination and won the general election with more than 66% of the vote.

Krishnamoorthi received 80% of the vote in the 2020 Democratic primary and defeated Libertarian candidate Preston Nelson in the general election, 73% to 26%.

Krishnamoorthi won the 2022 Democratic nomination with 71% of the vote. Krishnamoorthi was reelected to a fourth term, defeating the Republican nominee by a 14-point margin.

In 2024, Krishnamoorthi was unopposed in the Democratic primary and garnered a 14-point victory in the general election, winning just over 57% of the vote<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-05 |title=Illinois Eighth Congressional District Election Results |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/11/05/us/elections/results-illinois-us-house-8.html |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and comfortably defeating his Republican opponent, businessman Mark Rice.

=== Tenure ===
Krishnamoorthi was sworn into office on January 3, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://aapress.com/community/rep-raja-krishnamoorthi-takes-oath-and-commits-to-middle-class/|title=Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi takes oath and commits to middle class|date=January 5, 2017|newspaper=Asian American Press|language=en-US|access-date=January 30, 2017|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044745/http://aapress.com/community/rep-raja-krishnamoorthi-takes-oath-and-commits-to-middle-class/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While Krishnamoorthi attended President Donald Trump's [[First inauguration of Donald Trump|January 2017 inauguration]], he said he did so in part "because I want President Trump to look at the crowd and Congress and see on day one that he will be strongly opposed if he continues to pursue policies that hurt working families."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chicagotonight.wttw.com/2017/01/20/6-illinois-democrats-skipping-out-swearing|title=6 Illinois Democrats Skipping Out on Swearing-In|website=Chicago Tonight {{!}} WTTW|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> The day before the inauguration, he was included in a list featured in ''The Guardian'' of "up-and-coming leaders of the Trump resistance in Washington."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/19/democrat-new-leaders-donald-trump-resistance-washington|title=The up-and-coming leaders of the Trump resistance in Washington|last=Gambino|first=Lauren|date=January 19, 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref>

Krishnamoorthi voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the [[117th United States Congress|117th Congress]], according to a ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' analysis.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bycoffe |first1=Aaron |last2=Wiederkehr |first2=Anna |date=2021-04-22 |title=Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden? |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/house/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423141050/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/house/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en}}</ref>

==== Law enforcement funding ====
In June 2022, Krishnamoorthi joined local officials to present the Schaumburg Police Department with a check for $340,000 in recognition of federal funding he secured for a mobile response unit for mental health and substance misuse. This unit, implemented by the Schaumburg Police Department, Elk Grove Police Department, the Start Here Addiction Rehabilitation and Education Program, the Foglia Treatment Center, the Kenneth Young Center, and Live4Lali, allows the police to address 911 calls through crisis intervention overseen by social workers and community response professionals with experience related to mental health and substance disorders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2022 |title=Schaumburg police readying first-of-its-kind mobile response unit for mental health care |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/news/20220718/schaumburg-police-readying-first-of-its-kind-mobile-response-unit-for-mental-health-care |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Daily Herald |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Education, job training and workforce development ====
In June 2017, the House unanimously passed the Thompson–Krishnamoorthi Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, which would overhaul the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act and provide more flexibility to states.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/campaign-k-12/2017/06/career_and_technical_education_house_passes_bill.html?cmp=SOC-SHR-FB|title=House Passes Bill to Overhaul Career-Tech Education by Giving More Power to States|last=Andrew Ujifusa|newspaper=Education Week|date=June 22, 2017|access-date=January 2, 2018}}</ref> In November 2017, Krishnamoorthi and GT Thompson co-led a letter to the Senate education committee with 235 fellow members of the House urging them to take up the legislation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://krishnamoorthi.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-krishnamoorthi-leads-237-members-congress-letter-urging-senate|title=Congressman Krishnamoorthi Leads 237 Members of Congress in Letter Urging Senate Education Committee to Take Up the Thompson-Krishnamoorthi Act|date=November 20, 2017|work=Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi|access-date=January 2, 2018|language=en}}</ref> The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act passed the Senate and was signed into law by President Trump in July 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=H.R.2353 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2353|access-date=2020-12-14|website=congress.gov|date=July 31, 2018}}</ref>

==== TikTok ====
In December 2022, Krishnamoorthi and two other lawmakers introduced the ''Averting the National Threat of Internet Surveillance, Oppressive Censorship and Influence, and Algorithmic Learning by the Chinese Communist Party Act'' ([[Efforts to ban TikTok in the United States|ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act]]), which would prohibit Chinese- and Russian-owned social networks from doing business in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feiner |first=Lauren |date=2022-12-13 |title=Lawmakers unveil bipartisan bill that aims to ban TikTok in the U.S. |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/13/lawmakers-unveil-bipartisan-bill-that-aims-to-ban-tiktok-in-the-us.html |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> He later said that the [[TikTok]] algorithm was manipulated by the Chinese government. He also expressed concern about the alleged surveillance of journalists, possible manipulation of the algorithm in the aftermath of the [[October 7 attacks]], and the fact that Osama bin Laden's '[[Letter to America]]' had gone viral. He said that he ultimately wanted the platform sold not banned.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-13 |title=House Passes Bill to Force TikTok Sale From Chinese Owner or Ban the App (Published 2024) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/13/technology/tiktok-ban-house-vote.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251230161854/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/13/technology/tiktok-ban-house-vote.html |archive-date=2025-12-30 |access-date=2026-01-17 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Leading US lawmaker on China committee says he doesn’t want a TikTok ban |url=https://www.semafor.com/article/02/05/2024/china-house-committees-rep-krishnamoorthi-says-he-doesnt-want-tiktok-ban |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251111014302/https://www.semafor.com/article/02/05/2024/china-house-committees-rep-krishnamoorthi-says-he-doesnt-want-tiktok-ban |archive-date=2025-11-11 |access-date=2026-01-17 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Trump administration security clearance issues ====
In October 2017, Krishnamoorthi questioned the director of the National Background Investigations Bureau about the number of mistakes made in senior presidential advisor [[Jared Kushner]]'s security clearance during a hearing by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. In response to repeated questioning about whether he could recall "if there has ever been an applicant having to submit four addenda detailing over 100 errors and omissions being able to maintain their security clearance once those errors have been identified," Director Phalen said that he had never seen that level of mistakes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/12/politics/jared-kushner-background-check-form/index.html|title=Background check chief has 'never seen' mistakes like Kushner forms|first=Kara |last=Scannell|publisher=CNN|access-date=January 2, 2018}}</ref>

==== Immigration and Trump administration's travel ban ====
On January 28, 2017, Trump's executive order placing restrictions on people entering the U.S. from seven Muslim-majority countries caused 18 travelers arriving at O'Hare International Airport to be detained and questioned by federal officers,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/calm-before-the-storm-ohare-quiet-sunday-morning/|title=As hundreds protest, attorneys seek info on how many are detained|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|language=en|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> including a family of legal permanent residents and their 18-month-old baby,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chicagotonight.wttw.com/2017/01/29/refugees-visa-and-green-card-holders-detained-turned-away-ohare|title=Refugees, Visa and Green Card Holders Detained, Turned Away at O'Hare|website=Chicago Tonight {{!}} WTTW|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> who held U.S. citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2017/01/28/travelers-detained-due-to-trump-travel-ban-released-attorneys-say/|title=Travelers Detained Due To Trump Travel Ban Released, Attorneys Say|date=January 28, 2017|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Krishnamoorthi arrived at O'Hare within hours to speak to immigration officials but was told they were unavailable.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-illinois-democrats-express-disbelief-at-trump-immigration-order-20170128-story.html|title=Illinois Democrats express 'disbelief' at Trump immigration order|last=Sobol|first=Rosemary Regina|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> While joining a protest at the airport Krishnamoorthi said of the detentions, "They applied legally, they've been vetted and they've been here, in many cases, for decades, and they were detained by their own country at the airport. So many of our businesses rely on green card holders. How are we supposed to attract these people if they think they'll be detained at the airport if they go abroad for a wedding, or just to show their baby to relatives?"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20170129/news/170128740/|title=Daily Herald|date=January 29, 2017|work=Protests for immigrants begin anew at O'Hare|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref>

In a [[WGN (AM)|WGN]] radio interview the next morning, Krishnamoorthi denounced Trump's immigration initiative, calling it the "worst executive order you could draw up to unify the country."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wgnradio.com/2017/01/29/raja-krishnamoorthi-worst-executive-order-you-could-draw-up-to-unify-the-country/|title=Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi: "Worst Executive Order You Could Draw Up To Unify The Country"|date=January 29, 2017|website=WGN Radio 720|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref>

==== First impeachment of Donald Trump ====
As a member of both the House Oversight Committee and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Krishnamoorthi was closely involved in [[First impeachment of Donald Trump|Trump's impeachment]] as a member of the Intelligence Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raja Krishnamoorthi steps up to impeachment role|url=https://www.rollcall.com/2019/10/28/raja-krishnamoorthi-steps-up-to-impeachment-role/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=Roll Call|date=October 28, 2019|language=en}}</ref>

==== Vaping and e-cigarettes ====
''Time'' magazine called Krishnamoorthi the vaping industry's "biggest enemy in D.C."<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine|title=Meet Raja Krishnamoorthi, the Lawmaker Going Toe-to-Toe with Big Vape|url=https://time.com/5731818/raja-krishnamoorthi-juul/|access-date=2020-12-15|magazine=Time}}</ref> In July 2019, as chairman of the House Oversight Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy, he held hearings investigating the industry's marketing practices, especially those allegedly aimed at children. In the wake of this investigation, the FDA issued a warning letter to e-cigarette manufacturer Juul Labs, which then halted all domestic marketing and advertising.<ref name="Time"/>

==== COVID-19 pandemic ====
As chair of the House Oversight Subcommittee on Consumer and Economic Policy, Krishnamoorthi led investigations into the federal response to the pandemic, including the federal ventilator shortage<ref>{{Cite web |title=House Democrats find administration overspent for ventilators by as much as $500 million |date=July 31, 2020 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-democrats-find-administration-overspent-ventilators-much-500-million-n1235252 |access-date=2020-12-17 |publisher=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Callahan |first1=Patricia |author-link=Patricia Callahan |first2=Sebastian |last2=Rotella |author2-link=Sebastian Rotella |title=The White House Paid Up to $500 Million Too Much for These Ventilators, Congressional Investigators Say |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/the-white-house-paid-up-to-500-million-too-much-for-these-ventilators-congressional-investigators-say?token=8JGdLgdwlU0izBRjVJUOv_PQFUET-J7_ |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=ProPublica |date=August 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and the Trump administration's misuse of CDC funds for partisan political messaging, funds that were originally intended for a public awareness campaign. After public outcry, the Department of Health and Human Services canceled the campaign using celebrities who had been vetted, in part, based on their political leanings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crisp, Elizabeth |date=October 29, 2020 |title=Celebrities' politics factored in Trump administration's PSA plans |url=https://www.newsweek.com/celebrities-politics-factored-trump-administrations-psa-plans-1543308 |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Cameron |date=November 18, 2020 |title=HHS scraps celebrity COVID-19 ad campaign aimed at 'defeating despair' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/526461-hhs-scraps-celebrity-covid-19-ad-campaign-aimed-at-defeating-despair/ |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref>

==== Animal welfare ====
Krishnamoorthi has a legislative history of supporting animal welfare measures. In 2021, he reintroduced the bipartisan Animal Welfare Enforcement Improvement Act, which strengthens licensing enforcement for animal dealers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-17 |title=Congressman Krishnamoorthi Reintroduces the Animal Welfare Enforcement Improvement Act {{!}} Representative Krishnamoorthi |url=http://krishnamoorthi.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-krishnamoorthi-reintroduces-animal-welfare-enforcement-improvement |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=krishnamoorthi.house.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amid Lax Enforcement, New Bill Aims to Crack Down on Negligent Animal Dealers |url=https://news.wttw.com/2019/08/29/amid-lax-enforcement-new-bill-aims-crack-down-negligent-animal-dealers |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=WTTW News}}</ref> In 2025, Humane Action Fund, the political arm of Humane World for Animals, gave Krishnamoorthi a rating of "100+" indicating that he had taken stances consistent with the Humane Action Fund on all the organization's priority legislation. Additionally, the fund designated him a "leader" indicating further actions to support animals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Scorecard Preview {{!}} Humane World Action Fund |url=https://humaneaction.org/2025-scorecard-preview |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=humaneaction.org |language=en}}</ref>

==== Artificial intelligence and national security ====
Krishnamoorthi has advanced legislation on artificial intelligence, particularly its implications for national security and defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=POLITICO Pro: House green-lights major new advanced AI initiative |url=https://subscriber.politicopro.com/article/2025/09/house-green-lights-major-new-advanced-a-i-initiative-00554259 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=subscriber.politicopro.com |language=en}}</ref> He supported a Biden administration rule that limited the export of U.S.–made AI chips to most countries. This rule was opposed by technology companies, including the U.S. chip giant [[Nvidia|NVIDIA]]. Supporters of the rule, including Krishnamoorthi, were described as "China hawks." Krishnamoorthi advocates for closing loopholes that allow the diffusion of U.S. semiconductor technology to China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title=Biden admin's global AI chip regime |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/weekly-trade/2025/01/13/biden-admins-global-ai-chip-regime-00197762 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref>

====Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict====
In October 2020, Krishnamoorthi co-signed a letter to Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] condemning [[Azerbaijan]]'s [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|offensive operations]] against the [[Armenians|Armenian]]-populated enclave of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh |url=https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/ |work=[[Armenian Weekly]] |date=October 2, 2020}}</ref>

==== Other congressional investigations and oversight activities ====
In November 2020, Krishnamoorthi led investigations into the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)'s failure to establish side-impact test standards for children's car seats and boosters, effectively allowing manufacturers to create their own standards. Some manufacturers were found to be selling booster seats that had been shown to be unsafe in the companies' own safety tests.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Callahan|first=Patricia|title=House Subcommittee Says Proposed Booster Seat Safety Rules Fall Short|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/house-subcommittee-says-proposed-booster-seat-safety-rules-fall-short?token=F1W4XoVHukeDvXTmrb8HqM4rO-mJyOjp|access-date=2020-12-17|website=ProPublica|date=November 19, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2020, Krishnamoorthi called for the investigation of Senator [[David Perdue]]'s stock trades involving a defense contractor while he was on the Senate Armed Services Committee.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brodey |first=Sam |date=November 24, 2020 |title=Key House Democrat Asks SEC to Find Out if Perdue Sub Deal Was as Shady as It Looks |language=en |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/key-house-democrat-asks-sec-to-find-out-if-perdue-sub-deal-was-as-shady-as-it-looks |access-date=2020-12-17}}</ref>

During an Oversight Committee hearing into the Sackler family and Purdue Pharma's role in the opioid epidemic, Krishnamoorthi sharply criticized members of the Sackler family as well as Purdue Pharma executives, calling on Purdue Pharma president Craig Landau to take responsibility for the company's involvement in the opioid crisis and forgo the $3.5 million bonus he was then seeking from Purdue Pharma, while the company was struggling to pay out damages to victims of the opioid OxyContin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bowden|first=John|date=December 17, 2020|title=Democrat rips Sackler family, Purdue doctors during House questioning|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/530728-dem-lawmaker-rips-sackler-family-perdue-doctors-during-house-questioning/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The Hill|language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, Krishnamoorthi began an investigation into the [[Washington Commanders]] and their owner, [[Dan Snyder (sports owner)|Dan Snyder]], for workplace misconduct related to widespread sexual harassment, citing a lack of transparency in the [[NFL]]'s own investigation into the matter.<ref name="Krishnamoorthi">Hinz, Greg. [https://www.chicagobusiness.com/juice/washington-commanders-controversy-krishnamoorthi-committee-sights-crains-juice “Krishnamoorthi tackles a new Washington NFL controversy: D.C. memo, by Greg Hinz”]. ''Crain’s Chicago Business''. April 13, 2022.</ref><ref>Whyno, Stephen. [https://apnews.com/article/washington-commanders-nfl-sports-business-football-3777ecab91f68e3fbbb0c1f62db8d088 “Timeline of Washington’s recent tumult under Dan Snyder”]. ''The Associated Press''. November 10, 2022.</ref><ref>Clark, Liz; Kane, Paul; Maske, Mark. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/31/washington-football-house-oversight-investigation/ “Congress investigating allegations of financial impropriety by Commanders”]. ''The Washington Post''. April 1, 2022.</ref><ref>Vrentas, Jenny. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/sports/football/dan-snyder-harassment-news-congress.html “Panel Finds Daniel Snyder Interfered With Sexual Harassment Investigation”]. ''The New York Times''. June 22, 2022.</ref> In April 2022, the Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy found evidence indicating the team "routinely withheld security deposits that should have been returned to customers", "improperly convert[ed] certain unclaimed security deposits into revenue", and "repeatedly concealed ticket sales revenue" from the NFL.<ref name="Krishnamoorthi" /> The Commanders denied any financial misconduct.<ref>Belson, Ken. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/18/sports/football/washington-commanders-finances-ftc.html “Washington Commanders Deny Financial Malfeasance in a Letter to F.T.C.”]. ''The New York Times''. April 18, 2022.</ref> In May 2022, Krishnamoorthi canceled a fundraiser "out of an abundance of caution" after being informed lobbyists had sent unauthorized correspondence and outreach for the event, referencing the ongoing investigation.<ref name="Lippman">Lippman, Daniel. [https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/10/congressman-probing-commanders-cancels-fundraiser-over-ethics-question-00031230 "Congressman probing Commanders cancels fundraiser over ethics question"]. ''POLITICO''. May 10, 2022.</ref> Lobbyist Mike Manatos admitted the correspondence was sent without the knowledge of or coordination with Krishnamoorthi or his staff.<ref name="Lippman" /> In July 2022, Snyder testified before the House Committee in a private deposition.<ref>Whyno, Stephen. [https://apnews.com/article/washington-commanders-nfl-sports-football-dan-snyder-3fe9dcad56ba44ba4e7ff352b905b63c “Commanders owner Dan Snyder testifies before House committee”]. ''The Associated Press''. July 28, 2022.</ref>

===Committee assignments===
For the [[119th United States Congress|119th Congress]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Standing Committees and Select Committees of the House of Representatives|url=https://clerk.house.gov/committee_info/scsoal.pdf |publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |access-date=April 21, 2025}}</ref>
* [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform|Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]]
** [[United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Health Care and Financial Services|Subcommittee on Health Care and Financial Services]] (Ranking Member)
* [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]]
** [[United States House Intelligence Subcommittee on Central Intelligence Agency|Subcommittee on Central Intelligence Agency]]
** Subcommittee on Open Source Intelligence
* [[United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party|Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party]] (Ranking Member)

===Caucus memberships===
{{Div col}}
*[[New Democrat Coalition]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=https://newdemocratcoalition-himes.house.gov/members|publisher=New Democrat Coalition|access-date=February 6, 2018|archive-date=February 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208100356/https://newdemocratcoalition-himes.house.gov/members|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=https://capac-chu.house.gov/members|publisher=Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus|access-date=May 17, 2018}}</ref> (Co-chair of the CAPAC Immigration Task Force)
*[[Congressional Solar Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Creation|date=March 12, 2018 |url=https://rajaforcongress.com/news/bipartisan-congressional-solar-caucus-coalesces-tariff-decision/|publisher=Congressional Solar Caucus|access-date=January 30, 2019}}</ref> (co-founder)
*Congressional Caucus to End the Youth Vaping Epidemic<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2019|title=Congressional Caucus to End the Youth Vaping Epidemic Sends Bipartisan and Bicameral Letter Urging President Trump to Finalize E-Cigarette Flavor Guidance|url=https://krishnamoorthi.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressional-caucus-end-youth-vaping-epidemic-sends-bipartisan-and-bicameral|access-date=2020-12-17|website=Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi|language=en}}</ref> (co-founder)
*Middle Class Jobs Caucus<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=November 7, 2014|title=Committees and Caucuses|url=https://krishnamoorthi.house.gov/about/votes-and-legislation|access-date=2020-12-17|website=Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi|language=en}}</ref> (co-founder)
* [[Congressional Equality Caucus|LGBT Equality Caucus]]<ref name=":0" /> (Vice-chair)
*COVID-19 Global Vaccination Caucus (Co-founder & Co-chair)<ref>{{cite web|title=Representatives Krishnamoorthi, Jayapal, Malinowski, Pocan, and Auchincloss Launch The COVID-19 Global Vaccination Caucus With Senator Markey|url=https://rajaforcongress.com/news/bipartisan-congressional-solar-caucus-coalesces-tariff-decision/|website=Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi|date=March 12, 2018 |access-date=September 6, 2021}}</ref>
*Manufacturing Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Cooperative Business Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Municipal Bond Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Tech Accountability Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Travel and Tourism Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Fire Services Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Career and Technical Education Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Arts Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Community College Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Citizen Legislature Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*General Aviation Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Quiet Skies Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Candy Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Small Brewers Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Dietary Supplement Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Pro-Choice<ref name=":0" />
*[[Black Maternal Health Caucus]]<ref name=":0" />
*Task Force to Combat Heroin Epidemic<ref name=":0" />
*Diabetes Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*[[Rare Disease Caucus]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Rare Disease Congressional Caucus|author=|url=https://everylifefoundation.org/rare-advocates/rarecaucus/rarecaucus-members/|format=|publisher=Every Life Foundation for Rare Diseases|date=|accessdate=9 December 2024}}</ref>
*Childhood Cancer Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Lyme Disease Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Autism Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Congressional Animal Protection Caucus<ref name=":0" />
*Sri Lanka Caucus<ref name=":0" />
* [[Congressional Blockchain Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|author=|url=https://congressionalblockchaincaucus-schweikert.house.gov/members|format=|publisher=Congressional Blockchain Caucus|date=July 13, 2023|accessdate=29 August 2024}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Ukraine Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members
|author=|url=https://ukrainecaucus-kaptur.house.gov/members|format=|publisher=Congressional Ukraine Caucus|date=|accessdate=3 November 2025}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==2026 U.S. Senate campaign==
On May 7, 2025, Krishnamoorthi announced that he would run for the [[United States Senate]] seat being vacated by [[Dick Durbin]] in the [[2026 United States Senate election in Illinois|2026 election]]. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/07/raja-krishnamoorthi-senate-bid-illinois-00332302 | title=Raja Krishnamoorthi launches Senate bid in Illinois | website=[[Politico]] | date=May 7, 2025 }}</ref> By December 2025, his campaign had raised $24 million in donations, but ultimately lost to [[Juliana Stratton]] in the Democratic primary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sfondeles |first=Tina |date=2025-12-08 |title=Krishnamoorthi rails against Trump but takes money from MAGA donors |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/the-watchdogs/2025/12/08/raja-krishnamoorthi-senate-campaign-donors-trump-allies-maga-money |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sfondeles |first=Tina |date=2025-12-08 |title=Krishnamoorthi says he might 'revisit' contributions from ICE contractor, Trump adviser Shyam Sankar |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/the-watchdogs/2025/12/08/raja-krishnamoorthi-us-senate-candidate-acceptance-trump-maga-contributions-shyam-sankar-ice-contractor |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois State Comptroller Democratic Primary, 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=KsbDaOX2sQg%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|title=Election Results 2010 GENERAL PRIMARY|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=October 24, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party of Illinois
| candidate = [[David E. Miller]]
| votes = 393405
| percentage = 46.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party of Illinois
| candidate = S. Raja Krishnamoorthi
| votes = 384796
| percentage = 45.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party of Illinois
| candidate = Clinton A. "Clint" Krislov
| votes = 64086
| percentage = 7.61
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 842287
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District Democratic Primary, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=SNr%2bqcRVQhc%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|title=Election Results 2012 GENERAL PRIMARY|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=October 24, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Tammy Duckworth]]
| votes = 17097
| percentage = 66.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi
| votes = 8736
| percentage = 33.82
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 25833
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District Democratic Primary, 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=GoUnr%2b0cUsk%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|title=Election Results 2016 GENERAL PRIMARY|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=October 24, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi
| votes = 44950
| percentage = 56.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Michael Noland]]
| votes = 22925
| percentage = 29.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Deborah M. Bullwinkel
| votes = 11005
| percentage = 13.95
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 78880
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District General Election, 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=MdSiWa1xQus%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|title=Election Results 2016 GENERAL ELECTION|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=October 24, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi
| votes = 144954
| percentage = 58.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Peter "Pete" DiCianni
| votes = 103617
| percentage = 41.68
}}
{{Election box candidate no change
| party = Write-in votes
| candidate = Andrew Straw
| votes = 5
| percentage = 0.00
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 248576
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District General Election, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=JVM3BFfJbYc%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116204723/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=JVM3BFfJbYc%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 16, 2021|title=Election Results 2018 GENERAL ELECTION|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi (incumbent)
| votes = 130054
| percentage = 65.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Jitendra "JD" Diganvker
| votes = 67073
| percentage = 34.03
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 197127
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District Democratic Primary, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=GoUnr%2b0cUsk%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|title=Election Results 2020 GENERAL PRIMARY|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=January 19, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi (incumbent)
| votes = 51829
| percentage = 79.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = William Olson
| votes = 8441
| percentage = 13.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Inam Hussain
| votes = 4563
| percentage = 7.04
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 64833
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District General Election, 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=JVM3BFfJbYc%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116204723/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?ID=JVM3BFfJbYc%3d&OfficeType=%2brBqro%2b%2bHTUkQvv7Q1tDdQ%3d%3d|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 16, 2021|title=Election Results 2020 GENERAL ELECTION|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi (incumbent)
| votes = 186251
| percentage = 73.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| candidate = Preston Gabriel Nelson
| votes = 68327
| percentage = 26.84
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 254578
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District Democratic Primary, 2022
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi (incumbent)
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 29,933
| percentage = 70.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Junaid Ahmed
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 12,627
| percentage = 29.7
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 42,560
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District General Election, 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 General Election Results |url=https://elections.il.gov/electionoperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi (incumbent)
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 117,880
| percentage = 56.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Chris Dargis
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 89,335
| percentage = 43.1
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 207,215
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change
| title = Illinois 8th Congressional District General Election, 2024<ref>{{cite news |title=2024 General Election Results |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/results/2024/11/05/illinois-house-district-8/}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Raja Krishnamoorthi (incumbent)
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 172,920
| percentage = 57.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Mark Rice
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 130,153
| percentage = 42.9
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 303,073
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Personal life==
Krishnamoorthi is a practicing [[Hindu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Krishnamoorthi heading to U.S. Congress |work=The Hindu |date=2016-11-09 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Raja-Krishnamoorthi-heading-to-U.S.-Congress/article16440909.ece |access-date=2021-03-06}}</ref><ref name=firstpost/> and is married to Priya, who is a doctor. They live in [[Schaumburg, Illinois]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-8th-congressional-district-raja-dicianni-2016-met-20161028-story.html|title=Suburban politicians seeking promotion vie to succeed Duckworth in Congress|last=Gutowski|first=Christy|date=October 28, 2016|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=November 7, 2016}}</ref> with their three children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20160101/submitted/301019591/|title=Raja Krishnamoorthi: Candidate Profile|date=January 1, 2016|work=Daily Herald|access-date=November 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://rajaforcongress.com/about/|title=About – Raja For Congress|work=Raja For Congress|access-date=July 23, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

In January 2017, Krishnamoorthi, a lifelong [[Chicago Cubs]] fan, and his elder son attended the Cubs' official White House commemoration of [[2016 World Series|their World Series victory]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/indian-american-rep-raja-krishnamoorthi-visits-white-house-for-chicago/article_7277e23c-dde0-11e6-ac90-8fe0e48c867c.html|title=Indian American Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi Visits White House for Chicago Cubs Celebration|newspaper=India West|language=en|access-date=January 30, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201210053/https://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/indian-american-rep-raja-krishnamoorthi-visits-white-house-for-chicago/article_7277e23c-dde0-11e6-ac90-8fe0e48c867c.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Publications ==

=== Articles ===

* As China backslides on women’s rights, the U.S. can step up, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', July 1, 2024 (co-authored with [[Kathy Castor]])<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-28 |title=Opinion {{!}} As China backslides on women's rights, the U.S. can step up |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/07/01/china-backslides-womens-rights/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
* The Chinese Communist Party wants to decide our elections for us. We can't allow it. ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'', May 23, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnamoorthi |first=Raja |date=2024-05-23 |title=The Chinese Communist Party wants to decide our elections for us. We can't allow it. |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/congress-blog/4681303-the-chinese-communist-party-wants-to-decide-our-elections-for-us-we-cant-let-them/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Xi Jinping Has Tough Economic Choices Ahead, ''[[Foreign Policy]]'', April 26, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnamoorthi |first=Raja |date=2024-05-02 |title=Xi Jinping Has Tough Economic Choices Ahead |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/26/china-economy-xi-jinping-security-housing-crisis/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Congress should block US investment in China's military and human rights abuses, ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'', February 8, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnamoorthi |first=Raja |date=2024-02-08 |title=Congress should block US investment in China's military and human rights abuses |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/congress-blog/4455214-congress-should-block-us-investment-in-chinas-military-and-human-rights-abuses/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Does Competing with the Chinese Communist Party Mean 'Kicking It When It's Down?' ''[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]'', December 29, 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Does Competing with the Chinese Communist Party Mean 'Kicking It When It's Down?' |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/does-competing-with-the-chinese-communist-party-mean-kicking-it-when-its-down/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
*[https://krishnamoorthi.house.gov Congressman Raja] official U.S. House website
*[https://rajaforil.com/ Campaign website]
{{CongLinks| congbio = K000391 | fec = H2IL08096 | votesmart=117519| congress = raja-krishnamoorthi/K000391}}
* {{C-SPAN|103408}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Tammy Duckworth]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States representatives from Illinois|U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[Illinois's 8th congressional district]]|years=2017–present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-prec|usa}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ro Khanna]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Seniority in the United States House of Representatives|United States representatives by seniority]]|years=173rd}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Kustoff]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{US House chairs}}
{{IL-FedRep}}
{{Current U.S. representatives}}
{{USCongRep-start |congresses=115th–present [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Illinois's congressional delegations|Illinois]]}}
{{USCongRep/IL/115}}
{{USCongRep/IL/116}}
{{USCongRep/IL/117}}
{{USCongRep/IL/118}}
{{USCongRep/IL/119}}
{{USCongRep-end}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamoorthi, Raja}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:21st-century United States representatives]]
[[Category:American Hindus]]
[[Category:American politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American Tamil politicians]]
[[Category:Asian-American people in Illinois politics]]
[[Category:Democratic Party United States representatives from Illinois]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Hindu United States representatives]]
[[Category:Illinois Democrats]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Lawyers from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Peoria, Illinois]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the United States Congress of Indian descent]]
[[Category:United States representatives of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:People associated with Kirkland & Ellis]]
[[Category:People from Schaumburg, Illinois]]
[[Category:Politicians from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Politicians from Peoria, Illinois]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]

Bandham (film)

2026-03-13T16:02:38Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{short description|1985 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Bandham film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Vijayan]]
| writer = [[Aaroor Dass]] (dialogues)
| story = [[S. N. Swamy|S. Narayanasamy]]
| producer = Anandavalli Balaji
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Kajal Kiran]] [[Shalini (actress)|Shalini]] [[Anand Babu]]
| cinematography = Tiwari
| editing = D. Vasu
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| studio = [[K. Balaji|Sujatha Cine Arts]]
| released = {{Film date|1985|01|26|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Bandham''''' ({{translation|The Bond}}) is a 1985 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], directed by [[K. Vijayan]] and produced by Anandavalli Balaji. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Kajal Kiran]], [[Shalini (actress)|Shalini]] and [[Anand Babu]].<ref>{{cite web |title=241-250 |url=http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp25.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128041903/http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp25.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=nadigarthilagam.com}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Chakkarayumma]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக் : ஒரே படத்துடன் தமிழில் மூட்டை கட்டிய காஜல் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/130861 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708024020/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/130861 |archive-date=2025-07-08 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref> The film was released on 26 January 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=26 January 2019 |title=கே.பாலாஜிக்குப் பிடித்த ஜனவரி 26ம் தேதி! |trans-title=K. Balaji liked the date 26 January! |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/15892-kbalaji-4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131622/https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/15892-kbalaji-4.html |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref> Shalini reprised her role in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] remake with the same name.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umashanker |first=Sudha |date=5 December 1986 |title=The little profession |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19861205&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=4 January 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=14 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=April 2023}}
Abraham is a rich and arrogant businessman. His only daughter, Mary is in love with poor Raja. Abraham disowns his daughter while Raheem helps them get married and supports them. They have a daughter Asha but Raja dies untimely. Raheem manipulates the situation in such a manner that Abraham meets Asha and they slowly start bonding. What happens when Abraham finds out that Asha is his grand-daughter forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Abraham, retired general and Mary's father.
*[[Kajal Kiran]] as Mary, Abraham's daughter.
*[[Shalini (actress)|Shalini]] as Asha, Mary's daughter.
*[[Anand Babu]] as Raja, Mary's love interest.
*[[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Thomas, Raja's friend.
*[[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as Raheem, principal of Raja's college and Abraham's friend.
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Naveetha
*[[Charle]] as Abdul, Raja's collagemate.
*[[Babloo Prithiveeraj]] as dancer in song "Hey Aatha"

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bandham (1985) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0003159.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814215418/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/album/T0003159.html |archive-date=14 August 2014 |access-date=14 August 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandham Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Shankar Ganesh |url=https://mossymart.com/product/bandham-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-shankar-ganesh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104092733/https://mossymart.com/product/bandham-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-shankar-ganesh/ |archive-date=4 January 2023 |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Mullaikodi Allikadi" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| "Baby Baby O My Baby" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], S. Janaki || [[Pulamaipithan]]
|-
| "Bandham Bandham Pasa Bandham" || [[K. J. Yesudas]]|| Vaali
|-
| "Hey Hey" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and chorus || Vaali
|}

== Reception ==
''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the performances of Ganesan and Shalini, as well as their chemistry.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=17 February 1985 |title=பந்தம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1985/feb/17-02-1985/p50.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220729114638/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1985/feb/17-02-1985/p50.jpg |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=4 January 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=50 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{K. Vijayan}}

[[Category:1985 drama films]]
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]
[[Category:1985 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Vijayan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium

2026-03-11T23:02:43Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{short description|Cricket ground}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium
| nickname = Mirpur Cricket Stadium
| image = Shere Bangla National Stadium.jpg
| country = Bangladesh
| location = [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23|48|24.9|N|90|21|48.9|E|type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| seating_capacity = 25,416<ref name="wt20">[http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/venues/123/sher-e-bangla-national-cricket-stadium SHER-E-BANGLA NATIONAL CRICKET STADIUM, MIRPUR] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045553/http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/venues/123/sher-e-bangla-national-cricket-stadium |date=24 September 2015 }} – ICC World Twenty20 Bangladesh 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.</ref>
| owner = [[National Sports Council]]
| operator = [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]
| tenants = [[Bangladesh cricket team]], [[Dhaka Capitals]]
| end1 = TVS Apache RTR End
| end2 = Runner End
| international = true
| firsttestdate = 25–27 May
| firsttestyear = 2007
| firsttesthome = Bangladesh
| firsttestaway = India
| lasttestdate = 19-23 November
| lasttestyear = 2025
| lasttesthome = Bangladesh
| lasttestaway = Ireland

| firstodidate = 8 December
| firstodiyear = 2006
| firstodihome = Bangladesh
| firstodiaway = Zimbabwe
| lastodidate = 11 March
| lastodiyear = 2026
| lastodihome = Bangladesh
| lastodiaway = Pakistan
| firstt20idate = 11 October
| firstt20iyear = 2011
| firstt20ihome = Bangladesh
| firstt20iaway = West Indies
| lastt20idate = 24 July
| lastt20iyear = 2025
| lastt20ihome = Bangladesh
| lastt20iaway = Pakistan

| firstwodidate = 17 February
| firstwodiyear = 2009
| firstwodihome = Pakistan
| firstwodiaway = Sri Lanka
| lastwodidate = 27 March
| lastwodiyear = 2024
| lastwodihome = Bangladesh
| lastwodiaway = Australia
| firstwt20idate = 11 September
| firstwt20iyear = 2012
| firstwt20ihome = Bangladesh
| firstwt20iaway = South Africa
| lastwt20idate = 4 April
| lastwt20iyear = 2024
| lastwt20ihome = Bangladesh
| lastwt20iaway = Australia
| date = 21 October 2024
| source = http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/236761.html Cricinfo
}}
The '''Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium''' (SBNCS; {{langx|bn|শের-ই-বাংলা জাতীয় ক্রিকেট স্টেডিয়াম}}), also called '''Mirpur Stadium''', is an [[International cricket|International]] [[cricket]] ground at [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], [[Dhaka]], the capital of [[Bangladesh]]. Located 10 kilometres from the city centre, the ground holds approximately 25,000 people and is named after the Bengali statesman [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], who was accorded the title ''Sher-e-Bangla'' ("Tiger of Bengal").

==History==
The ground was originally constructed for [[Association football|football]] in late 1988 and first hosted matches at the [[1988–89 Asian Club Championship]]. The venue was taken over by the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]] in 2004, replacing the [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]] as the home of both the [[Bangladesh national cricket team|men's]] and [[Bangladesh national women's cricket team|women's national teams]]. The stadium has field dimensions of 186 m × 136 m.

The first international cricket match at the redeveloped ground was held in December 2006, and the stadium has since hosted matches of the [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 World Cup]], [[2012 Asia Cup|2012]] and [[2014 Asia Cup]], [[2016 Asia Cup]] along with the majority of [[Bangladesh Premier League]] (BPL) matches. The finals of the [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] and [[2014 ICC Women's World Twenty20|Women's World Twenty20]] were hosted at the stadium. The stadium hosted its first International T20 on 11 October 2011, Bangladesh vs West Indies.<ref name="wt20"/>

On 17 January 2018, during the [[2017–18 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series]], it became the sixth and fastest venue to [[List of One Day International cricket grounds|host 100 ODIs]].<ref name="SBNS100">{{cite web |title=Mirpur stadium wins the race to 100 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/isam-mirpur-stadium-wins-the-race-to-100-1132791 |access-date=17 January 2018 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref name="SBNS100a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2018/01/16/historic-mirpur-venue-braces-100th-odi/|title=Historic Mirpur venue braces for 100th ODI|access-date=17 January 2018 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=16 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="SBNS100b">{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/sri-lanka-face-zimbabwe-mirpurs-100th-1520935|title=Sri Lanka face Zimbabwe in Mirpur's 100th|access-date=17 January 2018 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|location=[[Bangladesh]]|date=17 January 2018}}</ref>

For the [[2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League Final|2019–20 Bangabandhu BPL Final]], 27,725 people gathered at this venue, the highest crowd attendance and beyond its official capacity.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

On 3 March 2023, during the 2nd ODI [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022–23|between Bangladesh and England]], the venue hosted its 200th men's international match, which was also the 100th ODI match played by Bangladesh men's cricket team at this venue.<ref name="SBNCS200">{{cite news |last1=সোলায়মান |first1=মোহাম্মদ |script-title=bn:মিরপুরের ২০০, বাংলাদেশের ১০০ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/yo955ki7sr |access-date=3 March 2023 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn}}</ref>

During the one-off test [[Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023#Only Test|between Bangladesh and Afghanistan]] from 14–18 June 2023, when Bangladesh's [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]] scored a century in their first innings, it was the [[List of international cricket centuries at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|100th century at this venue]] combining all three international format.
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Solaiman |first1=Mohammad |script-title=bn:নাজমুলের সেঞ্চুরিতে মিরপুরেও সেঞ্চুরির সেঞ্চুরি |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/t8yjz4ufcj |access-date=18 June 2023 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=14 June 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Facilities==
[[File:SBNCS Panorama.jpg|thumb|Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium Panorama|329px]]
The ground was originally built for [[association football|football]] and athletics, and was hence rectangular in shape. To restore it to a shape suitable for cricket, a lot of renovation had to be done, and the athletics tracks had to be dug up. About three feet of soil was excavated to remove the red clay. PVC pipes were fitted before re-filling with rock chips and sand, and then grass. The slope is even, a difference of 29 inches from the wicket to the boundary. The ground was fitted with [[Floodlights (sport)|floodlights]] in 2009 and is able to host [[day/night cricket]] matches.

==First Test, ODI and T20I==
The ground hosted its first [[Test cricket|Test match]] on 25 May 2007, when the [[Bangladesh national cricket team|home team]] played [[India national cricket team|India]]. The first [[One Day International|ODI]] took place on 8 December 2006, when Bangladesh played [[Zimbabwe cricket team|Zimbabwe]]. On 11 October 2011, the stadium hosted its first [[Twenty20 International|T20I]], between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]].

==Stats and records==

===Stats===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
| colspan="10" style="text-align:center;"| '''Ground Figures'''
|-
! Format !! {{tooltip|P|Played}} !! {{Tooltip|H|Home team won}} !! {{Tooltip|T|Touring side won}} !! {{tooltip|N|Neutral team won}} !! {{Tooltip|D/N/T|Draw/No Result/Tied}} !! Inaugural Match !! Latest Match || Refs
|-
| [[Test cricket|Test]] || 26 || 8 || 15 || 0 || 3 || 25 May 2007 || 14 June 2023 ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur, Dhaka Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1&id=2025&type=ground|access-date=20 November 2021|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[One Day International|ODIs]] || 117 || 50 || 50 || 17 || 1 || 8 December 2006 || 3 March 2023 ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur, Dhaka Cricket Team Records & Stats|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2&id=2025&type=ground|access-date=20 November 2021|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Twenty20 International|T20Is]] || 61 || 21 || 22 || 18 || 0 || 11 October 2011 || 14 March 2023 ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur, Dhaka Cricket Team Records & Stats|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3&id=2025&type=ground|access-date=20 November 2021|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=10 align=center|''{{small|Last updated: {{cr|BAN}} v {{cr|AFG|flag=2013}} 18 June 2023}}''
|}

*It also hosted 6 matches of [[ICC Cricket World Cup 2011]] while [[home team]] played 4 group stage matches against other opponents and 1 was Quarter final between [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] and [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]]
* The Stadium hosted all Pool A matches of [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] and also [[Knock out]] stage matches together with the opening match.
* The venue has hosted all matches of [[2012 Asia Cup]] and [[Asia Cup 2016]], first ever Asia Cup in T20 format, including 2 qualifier matches.

===Records===
[[File:Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium ground (2).jpg|thumb|Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium practice session ground]]
* [[Tamim Iqbal]] is joint 2nd in the list for scoring the most ODI centuries at any single ground scoring 5 centuries at this venue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;qualmin1=5;qualval1=hundreds;template=results;type=batting;view=ground|access-date=22 February 2018|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|title=Statistics/ One Day International/ Most centuries at any single ground}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;qualmin1=5;qualval1=hundreds;template=results;type=batting;view=ground|access-date=22 February 2018|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|title=Statistics/ Combined Records/ Most centuries at any single ground}}</ref>
*On 17 June 2014, in the 2nd ODI between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[India national cricket team|India]], [[Taskin Ahmed]] became the first Bangladeshi Bowler to take 5 wicket on an ODI Debut, and became the youngest (19 yrs) player to do so.
*On 17 June 2014, in the 2nd ODI between Bangladesh and India, [[Stuart Binny]] picked up 6 wickets for 4 runs which is the best bowling figures by an Indian in ODI history.
*On 1 December 2014 against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] [[Taijul Islam]] became the first cricketer to take a Hat-Trick on ODI Debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2014 |title=Bangladesh's Tailjul Islam first bowler to take hat-trick on ODI debut |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/01/bangladesh-taijul-islam-first-bowler-hat-trick-odi-debut-zimbabwe |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref>
*On 17 April 2015 in the first ODI between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], Bangladesh made their highest ODI total (329–6) against any team, surpassing 326–3 against same opponent.
*On 18 June 2015 in the first ODI between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[India national cricket team|India]], Bangladesh for the first time scored 300 or more runs in an ODI against India and won the match by 79 runs while accurately 1 yr 1 day later of [[Taskin Ahmed]]'s feat, [[Mustafizur Rahman]] become only 2nd Bangladeshi bowler to take 5 wicket on Debut. Incidentally both the bowlers got this feat against [[India national cricket team|India]] at this venue.
*On 21 July 2015 in the 2nd ODI between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[India national cricket team|India]], [[Mustafizur Rahman]] became only 2nd bowler to have taken 5-fer in the first two matches after [[Brian Vitori]]. In fact, he became only bowler to take 11 wicket in first two ODIs. Winning this match, Bangladesh for the first time won a series against India. In the 3rd ODI he took 2 wickets and become the only bowler to have taken 13 wickets in first 3 matches and also become the highest wicket taker in 3 match ODI series.
*On 10 July 2015 in the first ODI between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], [[Kagiso Rabada]] made his ODI debut and took a Hat-trick, becoming the only 2nd Bowler to do so and also made the Best Bowling figure(6/16) in ODI on Debut.
*On 12 July 2015 in the 2nd ODI between [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], South Africa were bowled out for a mere 162 runs. This was their lowest total against Bangladesh and the first time they were bowled out for less than 200 in the 1st innings since 2009. [[Nasir Hossain]] made his best bowling figure (3/26). Bangladesh chased it down with 22.2 overs to spare, which is 2nd biggest defeat in terms of balls for South Africa in the Sub-continent.
*On 23 January 2018 [[2017–18 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series#5th ODI|against Zimbabwe]], [[Tamim Iqbal]] became the first batsman for Bangladesh to reach 6,000 runs in ODIs and went past [[Sanath Jayasuriya]]'s 2,514 runs at the [[R. Premadasa Stadium]] to become highest run-scorer at a single venue in ODIs.<ref name="Tamim6k">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/tamim-iqbal-becomes-first-bangladesh-bd-player-reach-6k-odi-runs-in-ti-nation-series-2018-1523950|title=Tamim becomes first Bangladesh player to reach 6k ODI runs|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|location=[[Bangladesh]]|date=23 January 2018|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="TI-SJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22186774/tamim-iqbal-journey-6000-odi-runs|title=Tamim's journey to 6000 ODI runs|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Play stopped due to rain in Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium, Mirpur.jpg|thumb|The play came to a halt when the [[Cricket pitch|pitch]] was covered as it was raining during Bangladesh vs New Zealand, first ODI, [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023–24|New Zealand tour of Bangladesh, 2023]].]]On 3 November 2018 [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2018–19|against Zimbabwe]], [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] become first ever wicket-keeper—batsman to score two double centuries in test cricket history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2018/11/12/mushfiq-first-ever-keeper-in-test-history-to-score-double-tons|title=Mushfiq first ever to score two double tons as keeper in Test history|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref>
* In the 3rd ODI [[Sri Lankan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021#3rd ODI|between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka]] in 2021, [[Kusal Perera]] of Sri Lanka scored 120 runs, which was the 50th One Day International century at this venue, the 4th most number of ODI centuries at any ground.
* On 3 March 2023, during the 2nd ODI [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022–23|between Bangladesh and England]], [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] became the only cricketer to play 150 matches at a single venue.<ref name="SBNCS200"/>
*During the one-off test [[Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023#Only Test|between Bangladesh and Afghanistan]] from 14–18 June 2023, Bangladesh registered their [[List of Bangladesh Test cricket records#Greatest win margins (by runs)|biggest margin of victory in terms of runs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/126862/najmul-hossain-shanto-bowlers-shine-as-bangladesh-create-history-in-dhaka |title=Shanto, bowlers shine as Bangladesh create history in Dhaka |access-date=17 June 2023 |work=[[Cricbuzz]]|date=17 June 2023 }}</ref> and overall [[List of Test cricket records#Greatest win margin (by runs)|third biggest win, in terms of runs]] and the biggest win in the 21st century, in Tests.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh seal 546-run win, third highest by runs in Test history |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2023/06/17/bangladesh-seal-546-run-win-third-highest-by-run-in-history |access-date=18 June 2023 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=17 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Besides, [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]] became the second batter for Bangladesh to [[List of cricketers who have scored centuries in both innings of a Test match|score centuries in both innings of a Test]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/news/shanto-becomes-2nd-bangladesh-batter-hit-2-tons-test-3347756 |title=Shanto becomes 2nd Bangladesh batter to hit 2 tons in a Test |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>

==BPL==
Till 2019-20 BPL, the venue has hosted most of the matches (198) including all Playoff matches and Finals.
{{see also|2012 Bangladesh Premier League|2012 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2013 Bangladesh Premier League|2013 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
[[File:BPL Fire Works.jpg|thumb|BPL, Opening Ceremony 2015, Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]]{{see also|2015 Bangladesh Premier League|2015 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2016 Bangladesh Premier League|2016 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2017 Bangladesh Premier League|2017–18 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League|2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League|2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2021–22 Bangladesh Premier League|2021–22 Bangladesh Premier League Final}}
{{see also|2022–23 Bangladesh Premier League}}

[[File:Cricketer monuments in front of Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium by Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB).jpg|thumb|170px|Cricketer monuments in front of Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium by Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB)]]

==2011 World Cup==
{{Main|2011 Cricket World Cup}}

The stadium hosted 4 Group matches and 2 Quarter Finals during the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] which took place in 19 February – 2 April, jointly hosted by [[Bangladesh]], Sri Lanka and [[India]]. The other venue in Bangladesh was [[Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium|Chittagong]].

===Renovations===
Prior to the tournament, the stadium has undergone radical renovations. A giant screen and an [[Scoreboard|electronic scoreboard]] had been installed, the traditional sight-screens have been replaced with electronic ones, the [[Floodlights (sport)|floodlights]] have been improved, a [[hover cover]] has been bought from the UK for about $16,000, plastic seats have been installed for the whole ground, a new media center has been built which accommodates about 200 journalists and the dressing rooms have also been given a makeover. Also adjacent to the main ground, a new Cricket Academy has been formed and with it came a whole new training ground, adding to the already existing indoor training facility.

===Group matches===

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 19 February 2011
| daynight = yes
| time = 14:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 370/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 283/9 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| runs1 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 175 (140)
| wickets1 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 1/61 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tamim Iqbal]] 70 (86)
| wickets2 = [[Munaf Patel]] 4/48 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 87 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433558.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (Aus) and [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL)
| motm = [[Virender Sehwag]] (Ind)
| toss = Bangladesh the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 25 February 2011
| daynight = yes
| time = 14:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| score1 = 205 (49.2 overs)
| score2 = 178 (45 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IRE}}
| runs1 = [[Tamim Iqbal]] 44 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Botha (cricketer)|Andre Botha]] 3/32 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Niall O'Brien (cricketer)|Niall O'Brien]] 38 (52)
| wickets2 = [[Shafiul Islam]] 4/21 (8 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 27 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433566.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Tamim Iqbal]] (Ban)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 4 March 2011
| daynight = yes
| time = 14:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| score1 = 58 (18.5 overs)
| score2 = 59/1 (12.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Junaid Siddique]] 25 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Sulieman Benn]] 4/18 (5.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Gayle]] 37[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets2 = [[Naeem Islam]] 1/14 (6 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 9 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/433576.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (Aus) and [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL)
| motm = [[Kemar Roach]] (WI)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 19 March 2011
| daynight =
| time = 09:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|RSA}}
| score1 = 284/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 78 (28 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| runs1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 69 (76)
| wickets1 = [[Rubel Hossain]] 3/56 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 30 (49)
| wickets2 = [[Robin Peterson]] 4/12 (7 overs)
| result = South Africa won by 206 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433597.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Daryl Harper]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Lonwabo Tsotsobe]] (SA)

| rain =
}}
----

===Quarter-finals===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 23 March 2011
| daynight = yes
| time = 14:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 112 (43.3 overs)
| score2 = 113/0 (20.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] 44[[not out|*]] (106)
| wickets1 = [[Shahid Afridi]] 4/30 (9.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] 61[[not out|*]] (64)
| wickets2 =
| result = Pakistan won by 10 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433600.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden]] (NZ) and [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] (Pak)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 25 March 2011
| daynight = yes
| time = 14:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 221/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 172 (43.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|RSA}}
| runs1 = [[Jesse Ryder]] 83 (121)
| wickets1 = [[Morné Morkel]] 3/46 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 47 (75)
| wickets2 = [[Jacob Oram]] 4/39 (9 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 49 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433602.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Jacob Oram]] (NZ)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
}}

==See also==
*[[List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]]
*[[List of international cricket centuries at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]]
*[[List of stadiums in Asia]]
*[[List of international cricket grounds in Bangladesh]]
*[[Stadiums in Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

* {{URL|https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/4/2735.html|CricketArchive}}

{{Test cricket grounds in Bangladesh}}

[[Category:A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Dhaka]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:National stadiums]]
[[Category:Cricket in Dhaka]]
[[Category:Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]]

Pudhiya Geethai

2026-03-03T04:40:15Z

BethIlf498848137: Updated and refined page content

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pudhiya Geethai
| image = Puthiya Geethai.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = [[K. P. Jagan]]
| writer = K. P. Jagan
| starring = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] [[Meera Jasmine]] [[Ameesha Patel]]
| producer = Vishwas Sundar
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] '''Score:''' [[Karthik Raja]]
| cinematography = Ramesh Krishna
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = Viswaas
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2003|05|08|df=y}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| language = Tamil
| country = India
}}

'''''Pudhiya Geethai''''' ({{Translation}} New [[Bhagavad Gita|Gita]]) is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Supernatural fiction|supernatural]] [[action drama film]] written and directed by newcomer [[K. P. Jagan]]. The film stars [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], who plays the role of a brilliant young man, along with [[Meera Jasmine]] and [[Ameesha Patel]]. [[Kalabhavan Mani]] and [[Karunas]] play other supporting roles. Notably, this film is Patel's first and remains her only Tamil film till date. The film, which has music scored by brothers [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and [[Karthik Raja]].

''Pudhiya Geethai'' was released on 8 May 2003. The film received mixed reviews and became a commercial failure.

==Plot==
The film starts with a [[Polydactyly|polydactylic]] baby boy born to Chinnaya from [[Nagapattinam]], who works for Swamy, an astrologer. Swamy writes the horoscope of the baby and understands that the child will grow up to be an intelligent and responsible person, but he also predicts that the child's life will be only 27 years long. He suggests the baby be named Sarathy but does not inform about the short life.

Back to the present in Chennai, Sarathy is an intelligent person and an optimist, who excels in studies and sports and is also liked by everyone around him. He takes care of his mother, Thaiyalnayagi, and sister, following his father's death. Suji is Sarathy's close friend and considers him her well-wisher. Sarathy runs a restaurant with his friends as part-time and is also involved in real estate transactions, earning brokerages. Jo is Suji's friend who teases her by being closer to Sarathy, revealing the love that she has for him.

Reddiyar is a rich but ingenious businessman. He is in the real estate business and cheats many people by allotting improper plots. Sarathy knows about Reddiyar's plans and fight against him, supporting the poor people, which creates enmity between Reddiyar and Sarathy.

Lawrence is Sarathy's friend. He falls in love with Sarathy's sister but is scared of whether Sarathy will accept their love. Sarathy happily accepts and also convinces his mother. Sarathy's sister's wedding is arranged. Now, Sarathy is 27 years old. Meanwhile, Suji feels jealous of Sarathy and Jo getting close to each other, but Jo realizes that Suji is in love with Sarathy. Finally, Suji proposes her love to Sarathy, which he accepts.

On the day of Sarathy's sister's marriage, Jo explains the love that Suji has for Sarathy and vice versa. Sarathy goes to meet Suji, but Reddiyar has planned to kill Sarathy on the way. Sarathy fights Reddiyar's men, and Reddiyar is left alone. However, Sarathy does not kill Reddiyar and instead makes him understand the value of life and talks about the positive attitude that one should have. This makes Reddiyar realize his mistake.

Sarathy leaves the place to meet Suji but meets with an accident on the way and gets admitted to the hospital with severe injuries. The doctors say that the chances of his survival are minimal, and all his family and friends cry outside the hospital, but Reddiyar, who was Sarathy's former enemy, comes to the place and witnesses everyone crying and panicking. He tells everyone to stop crying and keeps calling Sarathy with positive energy, which will make him get back to normal. Everyone starts calling Sarathy, and his condition improves drastically. Sarathy is saved and recovers. Sarathy then lives 100 years of his wish, which makes his life happy.

The film ends with a message to the audience that positive attitude is essential for everyone to succeed, even death will revive them.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] as Sarathy
* [[Meera Jasmine]] as Suji
* [[Ameesha Patel]] as Jo
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Reddiyar
* [[Karunas]] as Ganesh
* [[Kalairani]] as Thaiyalnayagi, Sarathy's mother
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Annamalai
* [[Sanjeev Venkat|Sanjeev]] as Lawrence
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Shekar
* [[Shari (actress)|Sadhana]] as Suji's mother
* [[Besant Ravi]]
* [[Florent Pereira]]
* "Sathi Leelavathi" Yogini as Sarathy's sister
* [[Madhumitha]]
* Srilekha Rajendran as Villager
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Chinnaya, Sarathy's father (cameo appearance)
* [[K. Viswanath]] as Swamy, an astrologer (cameo appearance)
* [[Inigo Prabhakaran]] as Sarathy's friend (uncredited)
* [[Raghava Lawrence]] as a dancer in "Annamalai"
}}

==Production==
The film was initially titled ''Sarathy'' after the lead character's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2001 |title=Gossip: |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/2001/august/17-08-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306230829/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/2001/august/17-08-01.htm |archive-date=6 March 2005 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> It was later retitled ''Geethai'' with [[Esha Deol]] as heroine. However, the film eventually featured two lead actresses with [[Meera Jasmine]] being signed on to be a part of the project after the success of her 2002 film, ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shyamaudios.com/MeeraJasmine/Interview1.htm |work=shyamaudios.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816171235/http://www.shyamaudios.com/MeeraJasmine/Interview1.htm|title=Meera Jasmine interview |date=16 August 2009|url-status=usurped |archive-date=16 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2003 |title=Meera musings |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/10/stories/2003031000120202.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20041227185240/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/10/stories/2003031000120202.htm |archive-date=2004-12-27 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> [[Ameesha Patel]] later accepted to be a part of the film, replacing Deol, after getting the entire script translated in English for her to read.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2003 |title=And now it's southward ho! |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/14/stories/2003031400950300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20030704164122/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/14/stories/2003031400950300.htm |archive-date=2003-07-04 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Before release, the film's title was changed to ''Pudhiya Geethai'' after Hindu organisations objected to the title.<ref>{{cite web |title='Geethai' vs Censors |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13048938 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030902123241/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13048938 |archive-date=2 September 2003 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Shooting wrapped in March 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2005 |title=Sacred Cows, Their Horns |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/sacred-cows-their-horns/227562 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213203242/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/sacred-cows-their-horns/227562 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |access-date=2017-12-13 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pudhiya Geethai
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 29 March 2003
| recorded = 2002–2003
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Five Star Audio
| producer = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| prev_title = [[Aadanthe Ado Type]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Kadhal Kondein]]
| next_year = 2003
}}

The songs were composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], collaborating with Vijay for the first time, while his elder brother [[Karthik Raja]] composed the film's background score. The audio CD containing songs released on 29 March 2003 and features 6 tracks, the lyrics were penned by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], [[Pa. Vijay]], [[Yugabharathi]], and Vijay Sagar.

{{Tracklist
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 27:14
| title1 = Naan Odum Ilaignan
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] ||
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length1 =04:56
| title2 = Mercury Poove
| lyrics2 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| extra2 = Nideesh Gopalan, [[Bhavatharini]], [[Bonnie Chakraborty]]
| length2 =04:36
| title3 = Vasiyakaara (Version 1)
| lyrics3 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra3 = [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]], [[Chitra Iyer|Chitra Sivaraman]]
| length3 =03:52
| title4 = Manase
| lyrics4 = Pa. Vijay
| extra4 = Bonnie Chakraborty, Tippu, [[Swarnalatha]]
| length4 =05:05
| title5 = Vasiyakaara (Version 2)
| lyrics5 = Yugabharathi
| extra5 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Chitra Sivaraman
| length5 =03:52
| title6 = Annamalai
| lyrics6 = Vijay Sagar
| extra6 = Tippu, Devan
| length6 =04:51
}}

==Release and reception==
''Pudhiya Geethai'' was released on 8 May 2003. The critic from [[The Hindu]] stated that "the end is predictable, but the conviction with which the climax drives home the message makes it interesting."<ref>{{cite web |date=16 May 2003 |title=Pudhiya Geethai |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/16/stories/2003051601130200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031009110153/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/16/stories/2003051601130200.htm |archive-date=9 October 2003 |access-date=23 September 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' rated the film 39 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |last=சார்லஸ் |first=தேவன் |date=22 June 2021 |title=பீஸ்ட் : 'நாளைய தீர்ப்பு' டு 'மாஸ்டர்'... விஜய்க்கு விகடனின் மார்க்கும், விமர்சனமும் என்ன? #Beast |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008100344/https://cinema.vikatan.com/amp/story/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |archive-date=8 October 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''Chennai Online'' wrote "The debutant director can be commended for etching such a beautiful character, albeit a too-good-to-be-true one. But the director's dilemma, whether to stand by the astrological predictions or to prove them wrong, is evident in the latter part of the narration. The inspiration seems to be the Telugu film ''[[Murari (2001 film)|Murari]]'' (2001), which too had a similar knot and ending".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov271.asp|date=15 May 2003|work=Chennai Online|title=Puthiya Geethai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210185457/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov271.asp|archive-date=10 February 2005}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote Kodambakkam lacks films that supports the title, in that way ''Pudhiya Geethai'' feels complete.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=புதிய கீதை|magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]|language=ta|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-06-01/page/n33/mode/2up|date=1 June 2003|page=33|access-date=13 February 2024|first=விஷுவல் |last=தாசன் }}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "The film loosely inspired by Telugu hit film, MURARI, has illogical storyline. With no impressive screenplay, it fails to hold the audiences all the while".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/pudiyageetai.html|title=PUDIYA GEETAI fails to appeal|website=Indiainfo|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003130240/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/pudiyageetai.html|archive-date=3 October 2003}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote "Technically tacky and story wise utterly lamebrain, Puthiya Geethai looks likes it has been ghost-directed by Vijay, though the credit goes to Jagan".<ref>{{cite web |title=Puthiya Geethai |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=13150070&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050106210409/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=13150070&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=6 January 2005 |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The film was a disaster at the Tamil Nadu box office for Vijay.<ref>{{cite web |last=Poornima |date=11 August 2003 |title=Kavithalaya's Thenmalai |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/11south.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307200133/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/11south.htm |archive-date=7 March 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2003 |title=Big budget survivor |url=http://hindu.com/mp/2003/06/12/stories/2003061200270201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20140307200752/http://hindu.com/mp/2003/06/12/stories/2003061200270201.htm |archive-date=7 March 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{K. P. Jegannath}}

[[Category:2000s action drama films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2003 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. P. Jagan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Enakku Innoru Per Irukku

2026-03-03T03:09:32Z

BethIlf498848137: small changes

{{short description|2016 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film by Sam Anton}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Enakku Innoru Per Irukku.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sam Anton]]
| writer = Sam Anton
| producer = [[Subaskaran Allirajah|A. Subashkaran]]
| starring = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]]
| cinematography = Krishnan Vasant
| editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]
| music = G. V. Prakash Kumar
| studio = [[Lyca Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|06|17}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Enakku Innoru Per Irukku''''' ({{translation|I Have Another Name}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[mafia comedy film]] directed by [[Sam Anton]] starring [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] (who also composed the music) and [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] in the lead roles. Produced by [[Subaskaran Allirajah]], who is from [[Lyca Productions]], the film began production in December 2015 and ended in March 2016. It was released on 17 June 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-08 |title=எனக்கு இன்னொரு பேர் இருக்கு U/A உடன் ஜூன் 17-ல் ரிலீஸ் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/191939-u-a-17.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115024616/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/191939-u-a-17.html |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=August 2024}}
Johnny is a happy-go-lucky man who is mistaken as a notorious gangster by his lover Hema's father Dass alias Naina, an ageing gangster who wants a person to replace him as the Naina in Royapuram and become his son-in-law. Johnny has a disease which causes him to repeat his previous words if he sees blood. How Johnny eliminates his rivals and becomes the next Naina forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] as Johnny
*[[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] as Hema (Dhanam)
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Doss (Naina)
*[[Karunas]] as Finger Babu
*[[Charle]] as Subbiah
*[[VTV Ganesh]] as Benjamin
*[[Rajendran]] as Mahabali Maha
*[[Nirosha]] as Dhanam
*[[Yogi Babu]] as Ondi Puli
*[[Swaminathan]] as Auto driver
*[[Lollu Sabha Manohar]] as Asirvatham
*[[Lawrence Ramu]] as Durai (Naina)
*[[Shanmugam Muthusamy]] as chappai
*Vijay Varadharaj as Glory
*[[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] (Cameo appearance)
*[[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] (Cameo appearance)
*Kishore Rajkumar as Cameo appearance
}}

== Production ==
Following the success of their previous collaboration, ''[[Darling (2015 Indian film)|Darling]]'' (2015), director [[Sam Anton]] and actor [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] began pre-production work on a film titled ''Kaipulla'' to be produced by [[Studio Green]]. However, the studio later backed out of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=8 August 2015 |title=Kaipulla: GV Prakash's Next Film With Sam Anton |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/kaipulla-gv-prakashs-next-film-with-sam-anton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513123256/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/kaipulla-gv-prakashs-next-film-with-sam-anton/ |archive-date=13 May 2024 |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=Silverscreen India |language=en}}</ref> [[Lyca Productions]] revealed that they would produce the project during November 2015, and that it would become their second venture after ''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=Lyca International ropes in GV Prakash! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lyca-international-ropes-in-gv-prakash-news-tamil-plojRWcbjjdfi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114112555/http://www.sify.com/movies/lyca-international-ropes-in-gv-prakash-news-tamil-plojRWcbjjdfi.html |archive-date=14 November 2015 |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The team held an official launch on 15 December 2015 and the first schedule subsequently began later that day, with the film developing under the working title of ''Enakku Innoru Per Irukku'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2015 |title=GV Prakash to start Lyca film today! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gv-prakash-to-start-lyca-film-today-news-tamil-pmpkSMheebiae.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215215343/http://www.sify.com/movies/gv-prakash-to-start-lyca-film-today-news-tamil-pmpkSMheebiae.html |archive-date=15 December 2015 |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> a line taken from the film, ''[[Baashha]]'' (1995), which later became the official title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-20 |title=GV Prakash meets Rajinikanth |url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/gv-prakash-meets-rajinikanth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115024216/https://www.ritzmagazine.in/gv-prakash-meets-rajinikanth/ |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Ritz |language=en}}</ref> Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in March 2016.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=705677240680361985 |user=gvprakash |title=#enakkuinnoruperirukku #naakuinkoperundi wrapped.Thanks @rajumahalingam for the opportunity . Thanks @SPremChandra1 |author=G.V.Prakash Kumar |author-link=G. V. Prakash Kumar |access-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115022835/https://x.com/gvprakash/status/705677240680361985 |archive-date=15 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-12 |title=Enakku Innoru Per Irukku (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/enakku-innoru-per-irukku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1702890687 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250115025141/https://music.apple.com/in/album/enakku-innoru-per-irukku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1702890687 |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=[[Apple Music]] |language=en}}</ref> It includes a remix of the song "Kannai Nambathey", composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] for the 1975 Tamil film ''[[Ninaithadhai Mudippavan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=25 December 2015 |title=GV to remix MGR's famous song |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gv-to-remix-mgrs-famous-song/articleshow/50310452.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009033442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gv-to-remix-mgrs-famous-song/articleshow/50310452.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 16:59
| title1 = Kannai Nambathey
| extra1 = [[Gana Bala]]
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| length1 = 4:21
| title2 = Myma
| extra2 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| lyrics2 = [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]
| length2 = 3:49
| title3 = Dance With Me
| extra3 = G. V. Prakash Kumar, Priyanka
| lyrics3 = [[:ta:ஏகாதசி (பாடலாசிரியர்)|Ekadasi]]
| length3 = 4:43
| title4 = Thathalakka
| extra4 = [[Grace Karunas]]
| length4 = 3:32
| title5 = Theme Music
| extra5 = —
| lyrics5 = —
| length5 = 0:34
}}

== Critical reception ==
''Chennai Vision'' wrote, "To sum it up, Enakku Innoru Per Irukku, despite its loophools and pitfalls, is a highly entertaining movie. Foget the logic and enjoy the magic, if your choice for the weekend is a value for money timepass entertainer".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2016 |title=Enakku Innoru Per Irukku Tamil Movie Review |url=http://chennaivision.com/tamil-movies/enakku-innoru-per-irukku-tamil-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811220859/http://chennaivision.com/tamil-movies/enakku-innoru-per-irukku-tamil-movie-review/ |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=20 June 2016 |website=Chennaivision |language=en}}</ref> Gautaman Bhaskaran of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote, "With performances either wooden, like in the case of Kumar or exaggerated from the rest of the cast, Anton’s 130-minute movie turns into a merry-go-round with the images spinning all around it in mindless medley of incidents".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=17 June 2016 |title=Enakku Innoru Peru Irukku review: Doesn't even deserve a single star |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/enakku-innoru-peru-irukku-review-doesn-t-even-deserve-a-single-star/story-pbGhMH6Ze2k722rtPrrUtL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511153535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/enakku-innoru-peru-irukku-review-doesn-t-even-deserve-a-single-star/story-pbGhMH6Ze2k722rtPrrUtL.html |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote a negative review for ''[[The Hindu]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=17 June 2016 |title=Enakku Innoru Per Irukku: A new don |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Enakku-Innoru-Per-Irukku-A-new-don/article14428091.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724024948/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Enakku-Innoru-Per-Irukku-A-new-don/article14428091.ece |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Lyca Productions}}
{{Sam Anton}}

[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2016 crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sam Anton]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Mafia comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Nevill Vintcent

2026-02-19T14:21:16Z

BethIlf498848137: done

{{Short description|South African aviator (1902–1942)}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2007}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use South African English|date=August 2017}}

'''Nevill Vintcent''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|DFC]] (1902 – 29 January 1942) was a South African aviator and airline founder. He was the son of [[Charles Vintcent]], a South African cricketer.

== Early life ==
Nevill Vintcent, a South African, born in 1902, entered [[Royal Naval College, Osborne|Osborne]] in 1916, proceeded to the [[Britannia Royal Naval College|Royal Naval College]], [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]], and served in [[HMS Temeraire (1907)|HMS ''Temeraire'']] for a few months during the [[Great War]]. In 1920 he went to the [[Royal Air Force College Cranwell]] with the first course, was commissioned in the [[RAF]] in 1922, and served in [[Kurdistan]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Transjordania]], [[Egypt]], and [[Iraq]], where he won the DFC in unusual circumstances when he, with a brother officer, had made a forced landing in hostile country. To enable his co-pilot to fire the guns of the aeroplane and beat off the attacks of Arab horsemen, he carried the tail of the aeroplane on his shoulder, and throughout a prolonged engagement swung the aircraft into position for firing until help arrived.

== Pilot ==
For a time he served as a pilot at the RAF [[Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment|Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment]] (A&AEE) at [[RAF Martlesham Heath|Martlesham Heath]]. Convinced of the great future of civil aviation, he left the RAF in 1926 and engaged in air survey work in India, [[Burma]], the [[Federated Malay States]] and [[Borneo]], and he flew the first [[Airmail|air mail]] from Borneo to the [[Straits Settlements]].

== India ==
In 1928 he, with a partner, undertook one of the early long-distance pioneer flights, when they flew two [[de Havilland]] [[Airco DH.9|DH.9]] aeroplanes from England to India. For two years he was engaged with spreading the gospel of aviation in India, and his contact with Mr. [[J.R.D. Tata]], of Tata Sons Ltd, gave birth to [[Air India#Early years .281932.E2.80.931945.29|Tata Airlines]].

Nevill Vintcent and [[J.R.D. Tata]] together pioneered the air mail service from London to the sub-continent. On 8 October 1932, an [[Imperial Airways]] aircraft flew from London to [[Karachi]]. J R D Tata, in a [[de Havilland Puss Moth]] took the mail on to [[Bombay]], where Nevill Vintcent then took over for the leg to [[Madras]], arriving on 16 October. The first westbound flight left Madras the following day.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tata Airmail Service |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1933/1933%20-%200531.html |work=[[Flight Global]] |date=14 September 1933 |accessdate=16 September 2011 }}</ref>

On 25 February 1935 Vintcent made an inaugural flight from Bombay to [[Nagpur]] to [[Jamshedpur]] and on to [[Calcutta]] with a [[de Havilland Fox Moth]]. They built one of the two air transport companies which, before the 1939-45 war, built the foundation of air transport in India, and during the war rendered invaluable assistance to the RAF in operating scheduled air transport services and in such operations as the carriage of troops to Iraq, the evacuation of women and children from [[Habbaniyah]], and later from [[Burma]].

== Own flight ==
For his work in the organization of air transport in India he was made an [[O.B.E.]] in 1938. The approach of war in Europe impressed upon Vintcent and others the strategic need for an aircraft factory in India, and thereafter to that end his mind and activities were more and more concentrated. In 1940, simultaneously with the Government of India's decision to establish the [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|Hindustan aircraft factory]] at [[Bangalore]] with American assistance, Vintcent visited the United States and England and obtained the promise of a contract for the construction of training aircraft in India as an initial programme for the Tata aircraft factory. Shipping and other difficulties, however, delayed the building, equipping, and manning of an aircraft factory in India. But in 1941 Vintcent flew to England at the request of [[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook]], then [[Minister of Aircraft Production]] and obtained a contract for the construction of troop-carrying gliders, and set about the organization of the company and the building of the factory at [[Poona]].

Vintcent, anxious to lose no time, set out on his return to India on 29 January 1942. With the irony of fate, of all the numerous personnel who were sent to India by air and sea to establish this enterprise, he alone was lost on the way out. The outbreak of war with Japan revealed how invaluable an established aircraft industry in India, even on a small scale, would then have been; but it was too late for India to make any contribution in the production of aircraft. The Tata aircraft factories as well as the Hindustan aircraft factory were switched over to the repair and overhaul of aircraft for the air forces.

In 1942, Vintcent set out on a flight to India to put into effect a plan for which he had fought long and tenaciously - the establishment of an aircraft factory in India. The [[RAF]] [[Lockheed Hudson|Hudson]] in which he had been given a place in the crew to expedite his return disappeared without trace after taking off from a Cornish aerodrome. While officially there was no further information, it is known that other RAF aircraft were attacked by enemy aircraft in the mouth of the [[English Channel]] that day, and among his friends it was presumed that Vintcent was shot down in that vicinity.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vintcent, Nevill}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force officers]]
[[Category:South African recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:South African people of English descent]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1942]]
[[Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:British civilians killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Missing in action of World War II]]

Barli, Jodhpur

2026-02-18T07:59:37Z

BethIlf498848137: Made Initial Entry More To Come.

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Barli
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|26|18|48|N|72|55|59|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Town
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Balesar tehsil|Balesar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 230
| population_total = 2248<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barli Village Population – Jodhpur – Jodhpur, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/84940-barli-rajasthan.html |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 342023
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#RJ.E2.80.94Rajasthan|RJ]]-19
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| website = 
| footnotes =
|
}}
'''Barli''' is a village in [[Jodhpur district]], Rajasthan, India. It is a [[panchayat village]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=hindi |title=Barli Pin Code - 342001, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search jodhpur Post Office Address |url=https://www.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/jodhpur/barli-pincode-342001.html |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barli Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Barli, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/rajasthan/jodhpur/barli |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पिन कोड of Barli BO: Barli BO Pin Code and Jodhpur Post Office Address – NDTV.in |url=https://ndtv.in/tools/pincodes-india/rajasthan/jodhpur/barli-bo |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>

==Population==
The Barli village has population of 2,248 of which 1,162 are males while 1,086 are females as per Population Census 2011.<ref>https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/api/tables/data/2011/PC11_PCA-TV/255?_source=dt&labels=indicator&state=8&district=113&subdistrict=570&town_village=84940&geo_level=4&format=csv</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Jodhpur district |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Villages in Jodhpur district]]

{{Jodhpurdivision-geo-stub}}

Airtel India

2026-02-15T05:04:59Z

BethIlf498848137: minor changes

{{Short description|Indian telecommunications company}}
{{About|the local mobile network operator in India|the global telecommunication brand|Bharti Airtel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Airtel India
| trading_name = Airtel
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| logo = Bharti Airtel Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1995|07|07|df=y}}<ref name="airtel.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/investor-relations/company-profile/fact-sheet/ |title=Fact Sheet |publisher=Airtel |access-date=30 January 2015 |archive-date=7 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107091228/http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/investor-relations/company-profile/fact-sheet |url-status=live }}</ref>
| founder = [[Sunil Mittal]]
| industry = [[Telecommunications]]
| location = Bharti Crescent 1, Nelson Mandela Road, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<ref name="airtel.in"/>
| area_served = India
| key_people = Sunil Mittal {{small|([[chairman]])}} [[Gopal Vittal]] {{small|(MD & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}
| subsid = [[Airtel digital TV]]
| products = {{ubl|[[Landline|Fixed-line telephone]]|[[Mobile telephony]]|[[Broadband]]|[[Satellite television]]|
[[Payments bank]]|
[[Digital television]]|[[Streaming television|Internet television]]|[[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]]}}
| parent = [[Bharti Airtel]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://airtel.in}}
}}

'''Airtel India''' is an Indian [[telecommunications]] company that provides mobile network services, broadband, fixed-line, and digital TV (DTH) services in India and several other countries. It operates under its parent company, [[Bharti Airtel]]. It is [[List of telecom companies in India#Wireless operators|second largest provider]] of [[mobile telephony]] and of the [[List of telecom companies in India#Wireline operators|fixed telephony]] in India.<ref name="trai">{{cite web|url=https://main.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.40of2019.pdf|title=Press Release on Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 March, 2019|date=21 May 2019|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531194435/https://main.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.40of2019.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

It is a direct subsidiary of Bharti Airtel. Its key subsidiaries are Bharti Hexacom, which provides telecom services only in [[Rajasthan]] and the [[North-East]] region of India, and Bharti Telemedia which provides [[Direct-to-home television in India|Direct-to-Home]] (DTH) services. Additionally, it relies on [[Indus Towers]] for passive telecom infrastructure solutions, including telecom equipment and tower infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=12424600 | work=Bloomberg | title=Bharti Hexacom Limited: Private Company Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=BHRI.NS | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712200126/http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=BHRI.NS | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 July 2015 |publisher=[[Reuters]]|access-date=29 December 2015|title=Profile: Bharti Infratel Ltd (BHRI.NS)}}</ref> Currently, Airtel provides [[5G]], [[4G]] and [[LTE Advanced|4G+]] services all over India. Currently{{when?|date=July 2025}} offered services include fixed-line broadband, and voice services depending upon the country of operation. Airtel had also rolled out its [[Voice over LTE|VoLTE]] technology across all Indian telecom circles.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-volte-services-2017-launch-rivalling-reliance-jio-1722991|title=Airtel Plans to Launch Its 4G VoLTE Services Later This Year, Says CEO |work=NDTV Gadgets360.com |date=11 July 2017 |access-date=10 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710151649/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-volte-services-2017-launch-rivalling-reliance-jio-1722991 |archive-date=10 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve [[Cisco]] Gold Certification.<ref>{{cite web|author=Agencies |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Bharti-Airtel-gets-Gold-Certification/663519/ |title=Bharti Airtel gets Gold Certification |work=Express India |date=22 August 2010 |access-date=21 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113193951/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Bharti-Airtel-gets-Gold-Certification/663519/ |archive-date=13 January 2012 }}</ref> It also acts as a carrier for national and international long-distance communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at [[Chennai]], with a connection to [[Singapore]].<ref name="TRAI">{{cite web|date=31 October 2020|title=Press Release on Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 October 2020|url=https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.101of2020_0.pdf|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119182932/https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.101of2020_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/top-three-telcos-have-61-market-share-116091300897_1.html|title=Top three telcos have 61% market share|last=Reporter|first=B. S.|date=13 September 2016|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075733/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/top-three-telcos-have-61-market-share-116091300897_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Airtel was named India's second most valuable brand in the first ever Brandz ranking by Millward Brown and [[WPP plc]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpp.com/wpp/press/2014/aug/19/hdfc-bank-named-indias-most-valuable-brand-in-brandz-ranking-as-service-sector-brands-dominate/|title=HDFC Bank named India's most valuable brand in Brandranking|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827190951/http://www.wpp.com/wpp/press/2014/aug/19/hdfc-bank-named-indias-most-valuable-brand-in-brandz-ranking-as-service-sector-brands-dominate/|archive-date=27 August 2014|date=19 August 2014|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="top10">{{cite web|title=India's top 10 brands|url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/26/slide-show-1-tata-motors-is-indias-top-brand.htm|website=business.rediff.com|access-date=26 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101028074814/http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/26/slide-show-1-tata-motors-is-indias-top-brand.htm| archive-date= 28 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

==Mobile services==
[[File:Airtel.JPG|thumb|Airtel office in [[Pune]], c. 2012]]
Airtel operates in all [[telecom circle]]s of India.

===3G===
On 18 May 2010, the [[Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction#2010 Spectrum Auction|3G spectrum auction]] was completed and Airtel paid the [[Government of India]] {{INRConvert|123|b}} for spectrum in 13 telecom circles of India: [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (West)]], [[Rajasthan]], [[West Bengal]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Assam]], [[Northeast India|North East]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]].<ref name="medianama2">{{cite web|first=Nikhil|last=Pahwa |url=http://www.medianama.com/2010/05/223-3g-auction-india-ends-provisional-winners/ |title=India's 3G Auction Ends; Operator And Circle-Wise Results |work=Medianama.com |access-date=23 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100825194632/http://www.medianama.com/2010/05/223-3g-auction-india-ends-provisional-winners/| archive-date= 25 August 2010 | url-status=live|date=19 May 2010 }}</ref> Airtel also operates 3G services in [[Maharashtra]] & [[Goa]], [[Kolkata]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] circles through an agreement with [[Vodafone India|Vodafone]]. This gives Airtel a 3G presence in all 22 out of 22 circles in India. Airtel is fined by DoT 3.50 billion for not stopping offering 3G Services through Roaming Pacts outside its Licensed Zones in Seven Circles.

On 20 September 2010, Bharti Airtel said that it had given contracts to [[Ericsson|Ericsson India]], [[Nokia Networks|Nokia Siemens Networks]] (NSN) to set up infrastructure for providing 3G services in the country. These vendors would plan, design, deploy and maintain 3G–HSPA (third-generation, high-speed packet access) networks in 13 telecom circles where the company had won 3G licences. While Airtel awarded network contracts for seven 3G circles to Ericsson India, NSN would manage networks in three circles. Chinese telecom equipment vendor [[Huawei]] Technologies was introduced as the third partner for three circles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6592626.cms?prtpage=1|title=Ericsson, NSN and Huawei to build 3G networks for Airtel |work=The Economic Times |date=20 September 2010|access-date=21 November 2010}}</ref>

Airtel launched 3G services in [[Bangalore]] on 24 January 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/telecom/Airtel-launches-3G-in-Karnataka/articleshow/7352596.cms |work=The Times of India|date=24 January 2011 |location=India | title=Airtel launches 3G in Karnataka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128210412/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/telecom/Airtel-launches-3G-in-Karnataka/articleshow/7352596.cms|archive-date=28 January 2011 }}</ref> On 27 January 2011, Airtel launched 3G in [[Chennai]] and [[Coimbatore]] in Tamil Nadu. On 27 July 2011, 3G services were launched in [[Kerala]]'s 3 largest cities – [[Kochi]], [[Kozhikode]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latesttechnology.online/2018/11/bharti-airtel-limited-indian-global.html |title=On 21 November 2018, Bharti Airtel Limited global telecommunications service provider company from India |work=Latesttechnology.online |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161653/https://www.latesttechnology.online/2018/11/bharti-airtel-limited-indian-global.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Airtel 3G services are available in 200 cities through its network and in 500 cities through intra-circle roaming arrangements with other operators. Airtel had about 5.4 million 3G customers of which 4 million are 3G data customers as of September 2012. Airtel has 3G licence in all 22 circles.<ref name="Q22012">{{cite web|title=Quarterly Report Q2 2012|url=http://www.airtel.in/QuarterlyResult/Quarterly_report_Q2_13.pdf|publisher=Airtel |access-date=18 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123131411/http://www.airtel.in/QuarterlyResult/Quarterly_report_Q2_13.pdf|archive-date=23 January 2013}}</ref>

In October 2017, [[Bharti Airtel]] announced its acquisition of [[Tata Docomo]] having roughly 40 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bharti Airtel acquires Tata's mobile arm|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/bharti-airtel-to-acquire-tatas-consumer-mobile-business/article19846171.ece|access-date=23 April 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

In June 2019, Airtel closed their 3G network in Kolkata. In Kolkata users can only access 4G and 2G networks. As of April 2025, Airtel does not provide a 3G network and only 5G, 4G LTE, and 2G services are offered.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Navadha |title=Bharti Airtel looks to phase out 3G network across India by March |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/telecom/airtel-to-shut-down-3g-networks-across-india-by-march-2020-1564741548731.html |access-date=5 February 2020 |work=Livemint |date=2 August 2019 |language=en |archive-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205133430/https://www.livemint.com/industry/telecom/airtel-to-shut-down-3g-networks-across-india-by-march-2020-1564741548731.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===4G===
On 19 May 2010, the broadband wireless access (BWA) or [[4G]] [[Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction#2010 Spectrum Auction|spectrum auction in India]] ended. Airtel paid {{INRConvert|33.1436|b}} for spectrum in 4 circles: [[Maharashtra]] and [[Goa]], Karnataka, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref name="medianama.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/2010/06/223-indias-broadband-wireless-auction-ends-operator-circlewise-results/|title=India's Broadband Wireless Auction Ends; Operator & Circlewise Results|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> The company was allocated 20 MHz of BWA spectrum in 2.3 GHz frequency band. Airtel's [[LTE (telecommunication)|TD-LTE]] network is built and operated by [[ZTE]] in [[Kolkata]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Huawei]] in Karnataka, and [[Nokia Networks|Nokia Siemens Networks]] in Maharashtra and Goa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telecomtalk.info/4g-india-3gs-way-in-depth-analysis/93871/|title=Will 4G in India go 3G's way? In Depth Analysis By CARE Research - TelecomTalk|first=Rudradeep|last=Biswas|access-date=12 December 2019|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022110143/https://telecomtalk.info/4g-india-3gs-way-in-depth-analysis/93871/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 April 2012, Airtel launched 4G services through dongles and modems using [[LTE (telecommunication)|TD-LTE]] technology in [[Kolkata]], becoming the first company in India to offer 4G services. The Kolkata launch was followed by launches in [[Bangalore]] (7 May 2012),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-services-launched-bangalore/93252/#more-93252 |title=Airtel 4G Services Launched in Bangalore |work=Telecomtalk.info |date=7 May 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012 |archive-date=30 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630062241/http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-services-launched-bangalore/93252/#more-93252 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pune]] (18 October 2012),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-lte-services-pune/101383/#more-101383 |title=Airtel 4G LTE Services Launched in Pune |work=Telecomtalk.info |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=29 October 2012 |archive-date=22 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022085224/http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-lte-services-pune/101383/#more-101383 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Chandigarh]], [[Mohali]] and [[Panchkula]] (25 March 2013).<ref>{{cite web |first=Rudradeep |last=Biswas |url=http://telecomtalk.info/exclusive-airtel-to-launch-4glte-td-services-in-chandigarh-today/105283/ |title=Exclusive: Airtel to Launch 4G/LTE-TD Services in Chandigarh Today |work=Telecomtalk.info |date=20 March 2013 |access-date=21 March 2013 |archive-date=23 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323085118/http://telecomtalk.info/exclusive-airtel-to-launch-4glte-td-services-in-chandigarh-today/105283 |url-status=live }}</ref> Airtel obtained 4G licences and spectrum in the telecom circles of [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Kerala]] and [[Mumbai]] after acquiring Wireless Business Services Private Limited, a joint venture founded by Qualcomm, which had won BWA spectrum in those circles in the 4G spectrum auction.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/bharti-buys-49-per-cent-in-qualcomm-bwa-unit-for-165-million/article3452175.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Bharti buys 49 per cent in Qualcomm BWA unit for $165 million | date=24 May 2012}}</ref>

Airtel launched 4G services on mobile from February 2014. The first city to get the service was Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/telecom/Airtel-launches-4G-on-mobiles-at-same-price-as-3G/articleshow/30382502.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Airtel launches 4G on mobiles at same price as 3G – The Times of India | archive-date=10 March 2014 | access-date=30 January 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310014653/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/telecom/Airtel-launches-4G-on-mobiles-at-same-price-as-3G/articleshow/30382502.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/telecom/bharti-airtel-offers-4g-services-on-mobiles-in-bangalore/articleshow/30362058.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Bharti Airtel offers 4G services on mobiles in Bangalore | date=14 February 2014}}</ref> Airtel has started their 4G services in [[Karnal]] and [[Yamunanagar]] in Haryana on 16 June 2015.<ref name="Airtel 4G in Haryana">{{cite news|url=http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-launched-in-karnal-and-yamunanagar-011830/ |title=Airtel 4G launch in Karnal and Yamunanagar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124932/http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-launched-in-karnal-and-yamunanagar-011830/ |archive-date=17 June 2015 |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=News Exprezz |date=16 June 2015}}</ref> Airtel 4G trials has been started in Delhi from 18 June 2015.<ref name="Airtel 4G">[http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-in-delhi-launch-on-18th-june-011804/ Airtel 4G launch in Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123426/http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-in-delhi-launch-on-18th-june-011804/ |date=17 June 2015 }}, ''News Exprezz'', 16 June 2015.</ref> Airtel had 95,173,000 4G subscribers as of June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quarterly report on the results for the first quarter ended June 30, 2019 |url=https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/bsy/iportal/images/Quarterly-IR-Pack-Bharti-Airtel-Consolidated_D9EB4DDAFE7ECBC818A2D3987B78FCC1.pdf |date=30 June 2019 |publisher=Airtel |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123131411/http://www.airtel.in/QuarterlyResult/Quarterly_report_Q2_13.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of June 2019, Airtel provides 4G coverage in all India in 22 circles.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.airtel.in/|title=India's leading provider of Prepaid & Postpaid Mobile Services in India - Airtel.in|publisher=Airtel|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-date=29 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429212635/http://www.airtel.in/|url-status=live}}</ref> Airtel extended its 4G network to 15 km off India's coastline, following a request by the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/4g-lte-how-reliance-jio-airtel-vodafone-idea-cellular-aircel-stack-up/51357478|title=4G LTE: How Reliance Jio, Airtel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular, Aircel stack up - ET Telecom|website=ETTelecom.com|access-date=7 April 2016|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408214544/http://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/4g-lte-how-reliance-jio-airtel-vodafone-idea-cellular-aircel-stack-up/51357478|url-status=live}}</ref> Airtel started its 4G in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar]] on 15 January 2019.<ref name="auto"/> Airtel covered 96% population in [[Rajasthan]] till March 2019.<ref name="auto"/> Airtel's network now covers approximately 98% of the population in these geographies.<ref name="auto"/>

====VoLTE====
On 3 November 2016, ''The Economic Times'' reported that Airtel had awarded a {{INR}}4.02 billion (US$60 million) contract to [[Nokia]] to implement [[Voice over LTE]] (VoLTE) technology on the operator's network nationwide. Airtel had previously awarded a smaller contract to Nokia for trial of VoLTE technology in select circles in early 2016. Airtel subscribers would be able to place VoLTE calls in areas covered by LTE. If LTE was not available in the area, the call will fall back to 3G or 2G.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Danish |title=Airtel signs Rs 402-crore deal with Nokia on VoLTE calling tech |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/airtel-signs-rs-420-crore-deal-with-nokia-on-volte-calling-tech/articleshow/55192001.cms |access-date=4 November 2016 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 November 2016}}</ref>

=== 5G ===
Airtel operates a [[5G NR|5G network]] running in [[5G NR#Deployment modes|NSA mode]] and runs on bands n78 and n258.

Jan 2021 - Demonstrated live 5G network at [[Hyderabad]], India.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Jagmeet|last=Singh|date=28 January 2021|title=Airtel Claims to Be Ready for 5G Rollout, Demonstrates Live Experience|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-5g-network-rollout-plans-demonstration-jio-competitive-move-india-2359260|access-date=10 March 2021|work=NDTV Gadgets 360|language=en|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227133445/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-5g-network-rollout-plans-demonstration-jio-competitive-move-india-2359260|url-status=live}}</ref>

Feb 2021 - Announced partnership with [[Qualcomm]] to develop Open-[[Radio access network|RAN]] based 5G network.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Asthana |first1=Bhuvnesh |title=Airtel and Qualcomm to collaborate for 5G in India|work=Airtel |date=23 February 2021 |url=https://www.airtel.in/press-release/02-2021/airtel-and-qualcomm-to-collaborate-for-5g-in-india|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref>

July 2021 - Airtel and Intel announce collaboration to accelerate 5G in India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asthana |first1=Bhuvnesh |title=Airtel and Intel announce collaboration to accelerate 5G in India |work=Airtel |date=21 July 2021 |url=https://www.airtel.in/press-release/07-2021/airtel-and-intel-announce-collaboration-to-accelerate-5g-in-india }}</ref>

August 2022 - Airtel signed agreement deal with Nokia, Samsung & Ericsson for 5G services.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=Airtel To Roll Out 5G Network This Month, Signs Agreement Deal With Nokia, Samsung, Ericsson |url=https://www.india.com/technology/airtel-to-roll-out-5g-network-this-month-signs-agreement-deal-with-nokia-samsung-ericsson-5552858/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=India.com |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020161223/https://www.india.com/technology/airtel-to-roll-out-5g-network-this-month-signs-agreement-deal-with-nokia-samsung-ericsson-5552858/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

October 2022 - On 1 October 2022, Bharti Airtel launched 5G services in 8 cities in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Airtel announces launch of 5G service in 8 cities. Details here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/airtel-announces-launch-of-5g-service-in-8-cities-details-here-11664702379715.html |access-date=27 June 2023 |work=Mint |date=2 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Spectrum frequency holding summary===
Airtel India owns spectrum in 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz, 3500 MHz and 26 GHz bands across the [[India|country]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://onlytech.com/india-telecom-spectrum-chart/|publisher=Only Tech|access-date=7 October 2022|title=Pan India Telecom Spectrum holding chart 2022 (updated)|date=August 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008170024/https://onlytech.com/india-telecom-spectrum-chart/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | [[Telecom circle]] coverage
! scope="col" | FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 850[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 5]]
! scope="col" | [[E-GSM]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 900[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 8]]
! scope="col" | [[GSM]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 1800[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 3]]
! scope="col" | [[UMTS]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 2100[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 1]]
! scope="col" | TD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 2300[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 40]]
! scope="col" | TD-[[5G NR|NR]] 3500[[Frequency|MHz]] [[5G NR frequency bands|Band n78]]
! scope="col" | TD-[[5G NR|NR]] 26[[Frequency|GHz]] [[5G NR frequency bands|Band n258]]
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] & [[Telangana]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Assam]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Bihar]] & [[Jharkhand]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Delhi]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Eastern Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (East)]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Haryana]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Karnataka]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Kerala]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Kolkata]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] & [[Chhattisgarh]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] & [[Goa]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Mumbai]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[North East India|North East]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Odisha]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[West Bengal]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Western Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (West)]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|}

===Project Leap===
On 30 November 2015, Airtel announced the launch of a network transformation programme called Project Leap. Under the programme, the company will invest {{INR}}60,000 crores over the next 3 years to upgrade its network across India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Airtel launches website to allow users to track Project Leap |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/airtel-launches-website-to-allow-users-to-track-project-leap/articleshow/50355970.cms |date=29 December 2015}}</ref> Airtel will deploy over 160,000 base stations nationwide, and also expand its mobile broadband coverage to over 500,000 villages. Under Project Leap, Airtel will introduce several technologies such as small cells, carrier aggregation solutions, [[Wi-Fi hotspot]]s, and several different spectrum bands to improve network coverage in indoor areas. The company will also deploy more than 5,50,000 km of domestic and international fibre, and upgrade its legacy networks and base stations over the three-year period.

Airtel Broadband will also benefit from Project Leap. The ISP's maximum offered speed will rise from 16 Mbit/s in 2016 to 50 Mbit/s when after the programme is implemented.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel to invest Rs 60,000 crore in 'Project Leap'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/airtel-to-invest-rs-60000-crore-in-project-leap/article7933714.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=6 September 2016|language=en-IN|date=30 November 2015|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304132340/http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/airtel-to-invest-rs-60000-crore-in-project-leap/article7933714.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 June 2016, Airtel launched the Open Network initiative under Project Leap. The Open Network service allows users to view Airtel's mobile network coverage and signal strength across India, in addition to network site deployment status. This was first launched on a trial basis in December 2015, before its official launch in June 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtels-open-network-launched-on-app-to-show-coverage-quality-across-india-849280|title=Airtel's Open Network Launched on App, Shows Coverage Across India|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=15 June 2016|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022110137/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtels-open-network-launched-on-app-to-show-coverage-quality-across-india-849280|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2016, Airtel deployed [[LTE Advanced]] carrier aggregation technology in Kerala. Carrier aggregation combines the capacities of TD-LTE (2300 MHz spectrum band) and FD-LTE (1800) enabling better spectrum utilisation and efficiency. The network achieved data speeds of up to 135 Mbit/s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-data-speeds-up-to-13mbps-in-bengaluru/156953/|title=Airtel to enable 4G data speeds up to 135 Mbps in Bengaluru, deploys 4G Advanced Carrier Aggregation - TelecomTalk|first=Rudradeep|last=Biswas|access-date=12 December 2019|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022110138/https://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-data-speeds-up-to-13mbps-in-bengaluru/156953/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Airtel Business ==
Jan 2020 - Announced partnership with [[Google Cloud Platform]] to offer [[Google Workspace]] to SMBs in India.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Anasia|last=D'mello|date=23 January 2020|title=G Suite to form part of Airtel's integrated B2B connectivity solutions for businesses - VanillaPlus - The global voice of Telecoms IT|url=https://www.vanillaplus.com/2020/01/23/50201-g-suite-form-part-airtels-integrated-b2b-connectivity-solutions-businesses/|access-date=10 March 2021|work=VanillaPlus|language=en-US}}</ref>

May 2020 - Announced 'Work@Home' solutions for corporate employees, which bundled collaboration tools including [[Google Meet]], [[Cisco Webex]] and [[Zoom (software)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Launches 'Work@Home' Plans for Businesses|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-work-at-home-businesses-employees-4g-vpn-2230847|access-date=10 March 2021|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=18 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Announced "High speed Airtel 4G Corporate Mi-Fi devices with complimentary G Suite pack".

July 2020 - Partnered with [[Verizon Communications]] to launch [[BlueJeans]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Manish|date=14 July 2020|title=Verizon partners with Airtel to launch BlueJeans in India|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/14/airtel-bluejeans-verizon-partnership-india-launch/|access-date=10 March 2021|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306184410/https://techcrunch.com/2020/07/14/airtel-bluejeans-verizon-partnership-india-launch/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Airtel IQ ===
A cloud communications suite, which Airtel has announced in Oct 2020, that it will operate as a separate business division.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Asthana |first1=Bhuvnesh |title=Airtel enters the $ 1 billion Indian cloud communications market with Airtel IQ|work=Airtel |date=26 October 2020 |url=https://www.airtel.in/press-release/10-2020/airtel-enters-the-1-billion-doller-indian-cloud-communications-market-with-airtel-iq|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308182459/https://www.airtel.in/press-release/10-2020/airtel-enters-the-1-billion-doller-indian-cloud-communications-market-with-airtel-iq|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 October 2020|title=Airtel IQ cloud-based communication platform launched in India: Here's what it does|url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/airtel-iq-cloud-based-communication-platform-launched-in-india-here-s-what-it-does-71603707029479.html|access-date=10 March 2021|work=Hindustan Times Tech|language=en|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123185035/https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/airtel-iq-cloud-based-communication-platform-launched-in-india-here-s-what-it-does-71603707029479.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Nxtra Datacenter ===
Nxtra Data Ltd, a subsidiary of Airtel, which operates data center services to corporate clients in the South Asian region. It currently operates 10 Tier-III [[Data center]]s across 7 locations in India.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 November 2020|title=Bharti Airtel unit Nxtra Data to set up two new data centre campuses in Mumbai, Pune|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/bharti-airtel-unit-nxtra-data-to-set-up-two-new-data-centre-campuses-in-mumbai-pune/articleshow/79017491.cms?from=mdr|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref>

Aug 2020 - Announced strategic alliance with [[Amazon Web Services]] to offer AWS's services to SMBs in India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Khan|first=Danish|date=4 August 2020|title=Airtel set to ink strategic alliance with Amazon Web Services to tap SMB opportunity - ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/airtel-set-to-ink-strategic-alliance-with-amazon-web-services-to-tap-smb-opportunity/77355014|access-date=10 March 2021|work=Economic Times|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928065205/https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/airtel-set-to-ink-strategic-alliance-with-amazon-web-services-to-tap-smb-opportunity/77355014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Airtel Money==
Airtel has started a new [[Mobile commerce|mCommerce]] platform called Airtel Money in collaboration with Infosys and SmartTrust (now Giesecke & Devrient). The platform was launched on 5 April 2012, at Infosys' headquarters in Bangalore. Using Airtel Money, users can transfer money, pay bills and perform other financial transactions directly on the mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airtel.in/wps/wcm/connect/airtelmoney/airtelmoney/home/why_airtel_money |title=airtel mcommerce-mobile money bill payments and recharge |publisher=Airtel |access-date=28 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710030436/http://www.airtel.in/wps/wcm/connect/airtelmoney/airtelmoney/home/why_airtel_money |archive-date=10 July 2012 }}</ref>

==Airtel Broadband==

===Xstream Fiber===
Airtel launched its Xstream Fiber service in October 2016. Airtel Xstream Fiber is available in 1,140 cities in India with speeds up to 1 Gbit/s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Darab Mansoor |date=2 April 2020 |title=Airtel Will Expand Its Xstream Fibre Broadband Service to 25 More Cities |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/telecom/news/airtel-xstream-fibre-broadband-expansion-25-cities-plans-launch-date-2205079 |website=Gadgets 360 |access-date=5 October 2023 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121111906/https://www.gadgets360.com/telecom/news/airtel-xstream-fibre-broadband-expansion-25-cities-plans-launch-date-2205079 |url-status=live }}</ref> It offers other services like VoIP, OTT apps and TV channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Free Airtel OTT subscription now available! Check out the Airtel broadband plans' pricing |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/free-airtel-ott-subscription-now-available-check-out-the-airtel-broadband-plans-pricing-71653996863016.html |website=HT Tech |date=31 May 2022 |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref>

===IPTV===
Airtel Broadband launched its IPTV service in 2009. On 31 August 2016, the company shut down the service, and offered its 50,000 subscribers a free upgrade to [[Airtel digital TV|Airtel Digital TV]]. The company stated that the move was part of its strategy to focus on a single television service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel to shut down IPTv service from 31st August, offers free migration to DTH platform|url=http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-iptv-free-migration-dth/156206/|website=Telecomtalk.info|access-date=6 September 2016|date=18 August 2016|archive-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916062723/http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-iptv-free-migration-dth/156206/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Net Neutrality Debate==
{{Further|Net neutrality in India}}

In April 2015, Airtel launched a marketing platform called [[Airtel Zero]], which allows application providers to pay for the data used by the consumers, enabling consumers to access specific mobile apps at zero data cost.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airtel launches 'Airtel Zero' |url=http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/corporate/airtel+launches+-+airtel+zero-+a+win-win+platform+for+customers+and+marketers |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415024105/http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/corporate/airtel%2Blaunches%2B-%2Bairtel%2Bzero-%2Ba%2Bwin-win%2Bplatform%2Bfor%2Bcustomers%2Band%2Bmarketers |archive-date=15 April 2015 }} Archived from [http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/corporate/airtel+launches+-+airtel+zero-+a+win-win+platform+for+customers+and+marketers Bharti Airtel News] </ref> [[Flipkart]], a leading Indian e-commerce firm reportedly was to become the launch partner of "Airtel Zero". The issue triggered debate on net neutrality in India<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Lalatendu|title=Net neutrality debate rages|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/net-neutrality-debate-rages/article7102338.ece|access-date=15 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=15 April 2015|ref=HinduNN|location=Chennai, India|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305161710/http://www.thehindu.com/business/net-neutrality-debate-rages/article7102338.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> and following protests [[Flipkart]] pulled out of Airtel Zero.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Mahim Prathap Singh|author2=Pradeesh Chandran|title=Following consumer backlash, Flipkart pulls out of Airtel Zero|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/we-are-in-favour-of-net-neutrality-flipkart-ceo/article7101557.ece|access-date=14 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=14 April 2015|location=New Delhi|archive-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117185008/http://www.thehindu.com/business/we-are-in-favour-of-net-neutrality-flipkart-ceo/article7101557.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=BGRFlipkart>{{cite news|title=Flipkart mobile app bears the brunt of the company's reported plans to join 'Airtel Zero'|url=http://www.bgr.in/news/flipkart-mobile-app-bears-the-brunt-of-the-companys-reported-plans-to-join-airtel-zero/|access-date=10 April 2015|work=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR India]]|date=9 April 2015|archive-date=12 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412033214/http://www.bgr.in/news/flipkart-mobile-app-bears-the-brunt-of-the-companys-reported-plans-to-join-airtel-zero/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=FlipkartDownvote>{{cite news|title=Consumers downvote Flipkart app after net neutrality controversy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/consumers-downvote-flipkart-app-after-net-neutrality-controversy-247898-2015-04-09|access-date=10 April 2015|work=[[India Today]]|date=9 April 2015|archive-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409213402/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/technology/story/consumers-downvote-flipkart-app-after-net-neutrality-controversy/1/429310.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bharti Airtel]]
* [[Bharti Enterprises]]
* [[Airtel Payments Bank]]
* [[Wynk]]
* [[Telecommunications in India]]
* [[List of telecom companies in India]]
* [[List of mobile network operators]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://airtel.in}}
{{Bharti Enterprises}}
{{Telecommunication companies of India}}

[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of India]]
[[Category:Mobile phone companies of India]]
[[Category:Internet service providers of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Bharti Airtel]]

Rawatpara

2026-02-14T12:45:43Z

BethIlf498848137: quick update

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{original research|date=May 2012}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rawatpara
| native_name =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.188691|N|78.0084426|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Agra division|Agra]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Agra district|Agra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Agra Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Elevation of Agra - Wolfram{{!}}Alpha|url=https://www.wolframalpha.com/|access-date=26 September 2020|website=www.wolframalpha.com}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 170
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_metro =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|accessdate=7 December 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code = 0562
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-80
| website = {{URL|agra.nic.in|Official District Website}}
| footnotes =
| unemployment_rate =
| founder =
| official_name =
}}

'''Rawatpara''' is one of the oldest localities of the historic city of [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is situated very close to Agra Fort and also the river Yamuna.

== Etymology ==
Rawatpara draws its name from the [[Hindu]]-origin title Rawat which means "the king".

== History ==

Out of gratitude, [[Akbar]]'s granted the title of Rawat, a [[jagir]] and [[haveli]] to a Hindu [[Brahmin]] who had protected Akbar's life until his troops arrived during a hunting trip near Agra when Akbar's son [[Jahangir|Salim]] had revolted and there was risk to Akkbar's life due to skirmishes. The area of Brahmin's jagir came to be known as Rawatpara, the Brahmin was given a title of "Bohare" by his won kinsmen. Brahmin's family continued to serve in the court of subsequent [[Mughal Empire]] rulers. However, oppressive [[Aurengzeb]] exerted the policy of [[Forced_conversion#Islam|forced conversion of Hindus to Islam]]. Rawats of Rawatpara instead of converting to Islam escaped to the wilds with whatever they could carry with them and moved towards the [[Chambal (region)|ravines of Chambal]]. In the process, the kin broke into small groups, many of whom settled down in the areas [[Kanpur]] and [[Shivpuri]]. The Haveli of Rawats at Rawatpara was abandoned. Over the years the place has assumed a new identity as a wholesale market for grains, pulses, spices etc.

[[Bahin#Kanha|Kanha Rawat]], a [[Jat people|Jat]] who along with [[Gokula]] raised the revolt against the oppressive rule of Aurangzeb and his policies of forced conversion of Hindus to Isam,<ref name=IslamicInvaders1>Vijay Kumar Pal, INVADERS & Hidden Facts, [https://rudrapublication.com/ Rudra Publications], pp55-56.</ref> was tortured, buried alive in a pit and killed here at Rawatpara.

== Economy ==
The best place to buy the famous Agra [[Petha]] and [[Bikaneri bhujia|Dal Moth]] is Rawatpara. Most of the shops there are very old; some have been there since the Mughal period. It is also very close to Johari Bazar and Kinari Bazar, which are the most popular shopping markets for the locals and tourist alike.

==See also==
* [[Agra#History|History of Agra]]
* [[Braj]]
* [[Gokula]]
* [[Bahin#Kanha|Kanha Rawat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Agra]]
[[Category:Retail markets in India]]

{{Agra-geo-stub}}

Debashish Mohanty

2026-01-31T19:07:14Z

BethIlf498848137: brief fix layout for clarity and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1976)}}
{{distinguish|text=Indian computational biologist, bioinformatician and Scientist [[Debasisa Mohanty]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Debasish Mohanty
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| fullname = Debasish Sarbeswar Mohanty
| birth_date = {{birth date and age text|20 July 1976}}
| birth_place = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| height = 6 ft 1 in
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| family =
| website =
| international = true
| country = India
| internationalspan = 1997–2001
| testdebutdate = 9 August
| testdebutyear = 1997
| testdebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| testcap = 213
| lasttestdate = 19 November
| lasttestyear = 1997
| lasttestagainst = Sri Lanka
| odidebutdate = 13 September
| odidebutyear = 1997
| odidebutagainst = Pakistan
| odicap = 107
| lastodidate = 22 July
| lastodiyear = 2001
| lastodiagainst = Sri Lanka
| odishirt =
| club1 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| year1 = 1996–2010
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches1 = 2
| matches2 = 45
| runs1 = –
| runs2 = 28
| bat avg1 = –
| bat avg2 = 5.59
| 100s/50s1 = –
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score1 = –
| top score2 = 18[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 430
| deliveries2 = 1,996
| wickets1 = 4
| wickets2 = 57
| bowl avg1 = 59.75
| bowl avg2 = 29.15
| fivefor1 = 0
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling1 = 4/78
| best bowling2 = 4/56
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| catches/stumpings2 = 10/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 117
| runs3 = 1,553
| bat avg3 = 13.62
| 100s/50s3 = 0/5
| top score3 = 97
| deliveries3 = 22,053
| wickets3 = 417
| bowl avg3 = 21.05
| fivefor3 = 19
| tenfor3 = 3
| best bowling3 = 10/46
| catches/stumpings3 = 47/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 129
| runs4 = 218
| bat avg4 = 7.26
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 22
| deliveries4 = 6,024
| wickets4 = 160
| bowl avg4 = 26.84
| fivefor4 = 1
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 5/22
| catches/stumpings4 = 26/–
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/31025.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = 23 January
| year = 2019
}}

'''Debasish''' (or '''Debasis''') '''Sarbeswar Mohanty''' {{Audio|Debashish_Mohanty.ogg|pronunciation}} (born 20 July 1976) is a former Indian [[cricket]]er who played in two [[Test cricket|Test matches]] and 45 [[One Day International]]s between 1997 and 2001. He was a right-arm medium-fast bowler who coupled pace to his naturally lanky frame. He found success in the limited-overs format, averaging under 30 and taking over one wicket per game. On 24 December 2020, Mohanty was appointed as the national selector of the [[India national cricket team]].

== International career ==
There was a period when Mohanty formed a strong new ball partnership with [[Venkatesh Prasad]]. Beginning at [[1999 Cricket World Cup]], he was the second highest Indian wicket taker despite playing four games fewer than the leading Indian wicket taker – [[Javagal Srinath]]. Mohanty played 17 ODIs and picked up 29 wickets at an average in the early 20s and climbed into the top 20 of the ICC ODI World Rankings. However, with the return of [[Ajit Agarkar]], his opportunities dwindled and he played only another seven games. Mohanty, along with [[Harvinder Singh (cricketer)|Harvinder Singh]] was instrumental in winning one of the Sahara Cup series against Pakistan in [[Toronto]] in the 1990s.

Mohanty was a potential pinch hitter but was never used by the Indian think tank. He was a very capable lower order batsman who could enthrall the crowd with his lusty blows. There was a brief period in Indian cricket when no 11 Mohanty along with no 10 Rahul Sanghvi entertained the crowd with monster sixes though in losing causes. His bowling action was more dangerous than the speed at which he delivered the ball. On flat pitches, he was advised to bowl off spin to save energy.

In the 2000–01 season, Mohanty took ten for 46 playing in a [[first-class cricket|first-class match]] for East Zone v South Zone at Agartala, his career-best innings analysis, and so achieved the rare feat of taking all ten wickets in an innings.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/6/6218/6218.html CricketArchive – profile.]</ref>

== Coaching career ==
In 2006, he joined Colwyn Bay Cricket Club in [[Wales]] as the club professional. He is employed by [[National Aluminium Company|NALCO]], [[Bhubaneswar]]. He has been appointed the coach for Odisha Ranji team since 2011 and after 7 years he had been replaced by another former Indian cricketer Shiv Sundar Das as the Coach in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/shiv-sundar-das-appointed-as-the-coach-of-odisha-ranji-team/|title=Shiv Sundar Das appointed as the coach of Odisha Ranji Team|date=2017-08-24|website=CricTracker|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-23}}</ref> He replaced the former coach [[Michael Bevan]]. He coached the East Zone team and East Zone created history by winning their first Duleep Trophy.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{India Squad 1999 Cricket World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanty, Debasis}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha cricketers]]
[[Category:East Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Cricketers who have taken ten wickets in an innings]]
[[Category:Indian cricket coaches]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for India]]

{{India-cricket-bio-stub}}

Hollis Read

2026-01-30T01:35:07Z

BethIlf498848137: Creating a stub nd citations - done

{{Short description|American missionary and author (1802–1887)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hollis Read
| image = The hand of God in history, or, Divine providence illustrated in the extension and establishment of Christianity throughout the world (1870) (14764526935) (cropped).jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Engraving from the 1870 edition of Hollis' book ''The hand of god in history''
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1802|08|26}}
| birth_place = [[Newfane, Vermont]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1887|04|07|1802|08|26}}
| death_place =
| nationality = 
| other_names =
| occupation = Pastor, missionary and author
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Hollis Read''' (August 26, 1802 – April 7, 1887) was an American missionary, lecturer, pastor, and author. He wrote about religion, India, and Africa as well as about emancipated African Americans after the American Civil War in the United States. He recommended expatriating African Americans to Africa in his influential book ''The Negro Problem Solved, Or, Africa as She Was, as She Is, and as She Shall Be: Her Curse and Her Cure'' published in 1864.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Read,+Hollis,+1802-1887|title=Hollis Read (Read, Hollis, 1802-1887) | The Online Books Page|website=onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n89673923/|title=Read, Hollis 1802-1887 [WorldCat Identities]}}</ref> It recommended sending freed slaves to Africa after the American Civil War.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pQRwhJg7rIC&dq=The+Negro+Problem+Solved%2C+Or%2C+Africa+as+She+Was%2C+as+She+Is%2C&pg=PA6|title=Portrait of a Scientific Racist: Alfred Holt Stone of Mississippi|first=James G.|last=Hollandsworth|date=November 4, 2008|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=9780807134832|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born in [[Newfane, Vermont]] and studied at [[Williams College]] and [[Princeton Seminary]].<ref>Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889</ref>

==Career==
In 1833 he led a mission to [[Ahmednagar]], India. He wrote an account of the trip:

<blockquote>I had been there but a few hours when the Chief Magistrate issued an order forbidding any person to take a book from me under penalty of a rupee and a quarter. Consequently, no applications were made during the first day; but about eleven o'clock at night, when all was still, a Brahman came to me secretly and begged a book. I gave him one. He was followed by others. They took whatever I gave them without uttering a word and went away. The next day the threat was unheeded, and the people received books and tracts both in the streets and at my lodgings, without the least fear or hesitation. The people said their rulers had no right to forbid their receiving religious books.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the American Mission among the Marathas for 1873 |publisher=Education Society's Press |date=1874 |page=103}}</ref></blockquote>

In 1838, he funded the pulpit for the First Presbyterian Church of Long Island.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of the First Presbyterian Church of Babylon, Long Island, from 1730 to 1912 |page=11 |location=Babylon, N.Y. |publisher=Babylon Publishing Company |date=1902}}</ref> His sermon "The religion of common life" was published in 1856.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=National Preacher |volume=30 |issue=3 |date=March 1936 |title=The religion of common life |page=70}}</ref>

==Selected works==
* {{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Hollis|date=
|title=Journal of a passage to India, 1830
|publisher=|location=|oclc=30756687|ref=noref|author-mask=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Hollis|date=1836
|title=The Christian Brahmun
|publisher=Leavitt, Lord & Co.; Crocker & Brewster|location=New York; Boston|oclc= 950909356|ol=7097136M|ref=noref|author-mask=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Hollis|date=1849
|title=The hand of God in history
|volume=1|orig-year=1848|edition=1849|publisher=H. Huntington|location=Hartford|oclc=715413|ol=6343017M|ref=noref|author-mask=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Hollis|date=1859
|title=The hand of God in history
|volume=2|orig-year=1856|edition=1859
|publisher=H.E. Robins and Co.|location=Hartford|oclc=1157156096|ol=7072406M|ref=noref|author-mask=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Hollis|date=1864
|title=The Negro problem solved: or, Africa as she was, as she is, and as she shall be; her curse and her cure.
|publisher=A. A. Constantine|location=New York|oclc=1082457424|ol=33194187M|ref=noref|author-mask=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Hollis|date=1875
|title=The God of this world; the footprints of Satan: or, The devil in history (The counterpart of "God in history")
|publisher=Maclear & Co.|location=Toronto|oclc=38069623|ol=23438717M|ref=noref|author-mask=0}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Read, Hollis}}
[[Category:1802 births]]
[[Category:1887 deaths]]
[[Category:Protestant writers]]
[[Category:Protestant missionaries in India]]
[[Category:American missionaries in India]]

Gobardanga Hindu College

2026-01-25T19:58:58Z

BethIlf498848137: fixed issues

{{short description|General degree college in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Gobardanga Hindu College
| image = Gobardanga Hindu College.jpg
| image_size =
| established = 1947
| type = Undergraduate college
| principal = Dr. Harekrishna Mondal
| city = [[Gobardanga]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22|52|51.71|N|88|45|12.96|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| campus = Urban
| affiliations = [[West Bengal State University]]
| website = [https://www.ghcollege.ac.in/ Gobardanga Hindu College]
| logo = [[File:Gobardanga_Hindu_College_logo.png]]
| logo_size = 100px
| logo_alt =
| footnotes = |
}}
'''Gobardanga Hindu College''', established in 1947,<ref name=UGC/> is a general degree college in [[Gobardanga]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce, and sciences, as well as postgraduate courses in arts. It is affiliated with [[West Bengal State University]] (formerly affiliated with [[University of Calcutta]]).<ref>[http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Downmemory%20lane%20.htm Down Memory Lane : Some of our Earliest Affiliated Colleges - 50 Years Ago] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710023855/http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Downmemory%20lane%20.htm |date=2012-07-10 }}''caluniv.ac.in''. Retrieved 10 November 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated College of West Bengal State University |url=http://www.wbsubcollegeinfo.org/list_colleges.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029065002/http://www.wbsubcollegeinfo.org/list_colleges.php |archivedate=2012-10-29 }}</ref> In 2024, it was reaccredited with an A grade '''A''' by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC). It is currently the only college in North 24 Parganas to receive an A grade for the third successive time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/gobardanga-hindu-college-got-a-grade-in-naac-evaluation-again/cid/1537567|title = Gobardanga Hindu College receives an A grade from NAAC}}</ref>

==History==
The college formally began operating on 27 November 1947, with departments in English, Bengali, Sanskrit, History, Logic, Elements of Civics and Economics, Mathematics, Commerce, Chemistry, Physics, and Biology up to the I.Sc. Standard. It had 105 students and 4 full-time teachers.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ghcollege.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=0|title = Gobardanga Hindu College history}}</ref> BA and B.Sc courses were introduced in 1950 and 1952, respectively. [[National Cadet Corps India|NCC]] was introduced in the College in 1956, with three teachers—Niren Bandopadhyay, Sachindra Mohan Mukhopadhyay, and Ambarnath Ghoshal—attending [[Fort William, India|Fort William]] to learn about the NCC. Bengali Honours was added to the curriculum in 1957, and the Department of B.Ed was established on 1 July 1962. Recognizing the importance of career-oriented courses, the Department of Travel and Tourism Management was introduced in 1998. In 2005, the college was accredited with grade '''A''' by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]]. General courses in Botany, Zoology, Geography, Music, Journalism and Mass Communication, Computer Science, and Physical Education, as well as general courses in Sociology and Anthropology, were introduced in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In 2024, it was reaccredited with an A grade by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) for the third successive time. Honours courses in Anthropology, Botany, Zoology, Computer Science, Geography, Music, and Journalism and Mass Communication were introduced in 2018.

==Departments==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2012}}
[[File:Gobardanga Hindu college -science awareness program by Anuranan3.jpg|thumb|right|A science program by anuranan, Gobardanga Hindu College]]
[[File:Gobardanga Hindu College- B.ED college.jpg| thumb|right|Gobardanga Hindu College- B.ED college]]

===Arts and Commerce===

* [[Bengali literature|Bengali]]
* [[English literature|English]]
* [[History]]
* [[Political Science]]
* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Physical education]]
* [[Music]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Accounting|Accountancy]]
* [[Education sciences|Education]]

===Science===
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Physics]]
* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Botany]]
* [[Zoology]]
* [[Anthropology]]

===Post Graduation===
* [[Bengali literature|Bengali]]
* [[History]]
* [[Education sciences|Education]]

===Career-oriented courses===

* Tourism & Travel Management
* [[Mass communication|Journalism & Mass Communication]]

==Accreditation==
Gobardanga Hindu College is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).<ref name=UGC>[http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?st=West%20Bengal Colleges in West Bengal, University Grants Commission] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116042454/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?st=West%20Bengal |date=16 November 2011 }}</ref> It was accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC), which awarded the college an '''A''' grade.<ref>{{cite web|title=Institutions Accredited / Re-accredited by NAAC with validity |url=http://www.naac.gov.in/sites/naac.gov.in/files/Institutions_Accredited_by_NAAC_with_validity.pdf |publisher=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] |accessdate=22 February 2012 |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512054040/http://www.naac.gov.in/sites/naac.gov.in/files/Institutions_Accredited_by_NAAC_with_validity.pdf |archivedate=12 May 2012 }}</ref>
[[File:NAAC visiting in the Gobardanga Hindu College .jpg|thumb|right|Exit meeting of the NAAC Peer team in 2016.]]

==Facilities==
<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ghcollege.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=0|title = Gobardanga Hindu College facilities}}</ref>
* [[Radio-frequency identification]] (RFID) enabled advanced library
* The library has a collection of approximately 35,000 documents, including books, serials, and non-book materials, and subscribes to ten printed periodicals.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ghcollege.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=114&Itemid=0|title = Gobardanga Hindu College Library}}</ref>
* Reading room with air conditioning and desktop access
* Open library access.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://gdc-opac.kohacloud.co.in|title = Gobardanga Hindu College Open Library Access}}</ref>
* Sound system-equipped classrooms
* Virtual and smart classrooms
* Scholarship for students achieving first class (60%) in the university examination
* Free studentships for economically disadvantaged students
* Regular online feedback system<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ghcollege.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=142&Itemid=0|title = Gobardanga Hindu College Online Feedback System}}</ref>
* One boys' hostel and two well-decorated women's hostels
* Bus service
* Gymnasium
[[File:Gymnasium of Gobardanga Hindu College.jpg|Gymnasium of Gobardanga Hindu College|right|thumb]]
* Students' canteen
* WiFi access
* Purified drinking water
* History Museum
[[File:Gobardanga Hindu College History Museum .jpg|Gobardanga Hindu College History Museum|right|thumb]]

==Exhibition, annual sports and cultural competition==
An exhibition is held annually on the college premises, featuring models prepared by students under the guidance of their teachers. All departments participate, with temporary stalls built to display exhibits from each department. Annual sports and cultural competitions are also held to allow students to showcase their skills.

[[File:Gobardanga Hindu College Exhibition 2019.jpg|thumb|right|Name of The Model- Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night" in the context of Contemporary Society.]]
[[File:Gobardanga Hindu College Exhibition 2020.jpg|thumb|right|Name of the Model- Graveyard School of Poetry.]]

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of colleges in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://indware.biz/gobardangahinducollegeorg/ Gobardanga Hindu College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225035818/http://indware.biz/gobardangahinducollegeorg/ |date=25 December 2011 }}

{{West Bengal State University}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1947]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to West Bengal State University]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hindu universities and colleges]]

{{Kolkata-university-stub}}

Man Singh Tomar

2026-01-20T06:25:27Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{Short description|Maharaja of Gwalior from 1486 to 1516}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Man Singh Tomar
| title = [[Maharaja]]
| image = Maharaja Mansingh Tomar Gwalior 2014-07-13 18-32.jpg
| succession = [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Maharaja of Gwalior]]
| reign = 1486–1516
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| predecessor = Kalyanmal Tomar
| successor = Vikramaditya Tomar
| spouse = Queen Mrignayani
| issue = Vikramaditya Tomar and many others
| royal house = [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Tomar/Tanwar dynasty]]
| father = Raja Kalyanmal Tomar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]]
| death_date = 1516
| death_place = Gwalior
}}

'''Man Singh Tomar''' ([[IAST]]: Mānasiṃha; reigned 1486–1516) was a [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Tomar]] ruler of [[Gwalior]] from 1486 until his death in 1516.<ref>Chob Singh Verma, The glory of Gwalior, p. 68.</ref><ref>[[Matthew Atmore Sherring]], ''Hindu Tribes and Castes'', Volume 1, p. 139.</ref><ref>Sir Alexander Cunningham, Archaeological Survey of India, Four reports made during the years, 1862–1865, Volume 2, p. 387.</ref>

== Biography ==
Maharaja Man Singh Tomar was born to Raja Kalyanmall, the [[Tomaras of Gwalior|Tomar Rajput]] ruler of Gwalior.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Romila Thapar|author-link=Romila Thapar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HqmyEbLScZ4C&q=Rajput|title=The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300|date=2003|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-193742-7|language=en|page=179|quote=Other claiming to be Rajput and descent from Solar and lunar lines established themselves as local kings in Western and Central India. Among these were the Chandelas present in 12th century in Bundelkhand, the Tomaras also subject to the earlier Pratiharas ruling in Haryana region near Dhilaka, now Delhi, around 736 AD and later established themselves in Gwalior region}}</ref> He ruled for over 30 years. In his years the Tomar sometimes feuded with and were sometimes allies with the sultans of Delhi.

Amongst other women, he married a Gurjar called Mrignayani. Tomar built [[Gujari Mahal Archeological Museum|Gujari Mahal]] as a palace for her, as a monument of love for Mrignayani.<ref>{{cite book |title=Islamization in Modern South Asia: Deobandi Reform and the Gujjar Response |first=David Emmanuel |last=Singh |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2012 |isbn=9781614511854 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oscmJoix2IAC&pg=PA55}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/gorgeous-gwalior/ |title=GORGEOUS GWALIOR | Freepress Journal |access-date=2015-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306065927/http://www.freepressjournal.in/gorgeous-gwalior |archive-date=6 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/gwalior/gurjari-mahal-of-gwalior-is-a-symbol-of-king-mansingh-tomar-mrignayni-love-story-1078203/|title = हिंदी खबर, Latest News in Hindi, हिंदी समाचार, ताजा खबर}}</ref>

Tomar was a great warrior and great patron of music. One of the nine gems of his court was the Hindustani classical musician [[Tansen]].<ref>Girīśa Caturvedī, Sarala Jag Mohan, Tansen, page 20</ref> He was patron of [[Dhrupad]] genre from [[Hindustani_classical_music|Hindustani Classical Music]].<ref>Ritwik Sanyal, Richard Widdess, Dhrupad: tradition and performance in Indian music, page 48</ref>

=== Conflict with Sikandar Lodi ===
The newly crowned Man Singh Tomar was not prepared for an invasion from [[Delhi]], and decided to avoid a war by paying [[Bahlul Lodi]] a tribute of 800,000 ''tanka''s (coins).{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=155}} In 1489, [[Sikandar Lodi]] succeeded Bahlul Lodi as the Sultan of Delhi. In 1500, Man Singh provided asylum to some rebels from Delhi, and who had been involved in a plot to overthrow [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikander Lodi]]. The Sultan, wanting to punish Man Singh, and to expand his territory, launched a punitive expedition against [[Gwalior]]. In 1501, he captured [[Dholpur]], a dependency of Gwalior, whose ruler Vinayaka-Deva fled to Gwalior.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=174}}

Sikander Lodi then marched towards Gwalior, but after crossing the [[Chambal River]], and an epidemic outbreak in his camp forced him to halt his march. Man Singh used this opportunity to reconcile with [[Ibrahim Lodi|Lodi]], and sent his son Vikramaditya to the Lodi camp with gifts for the Sultan. He promised to expel the rebels from [[Delhi]], on the condition that Dholpur be restored to Vinayaka-deva. Sikander Lodi agreed to these terms, and left. Historian [[Kishori Saran Lal]] theorizes that Vinayaka Deva hadn't lost Dholpur at all: this narrative was created by the Delhi chroniclers to flatter the Sultan.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=175}}

[[File:Gwalior 1.JPG|thumb|upright=2|The "Man Mandir" palace at [[Gwalior Fort]] was built by Man Singh Tomar between 1486 and 1517.]]
In 1504, Sikander Lodi resumed his war against the Tomaras. First, he captured the [[Mandrayal]] fort, located to the east of Gwalior.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=175}} He ransacked the area around Mandrayal, but many of his soldiers lost their lives in a subsequent epidemic outbreak, forcing him to return to Delhi.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=176}} Sometime later, Lodi moved his base to the newly established city of [[Agra]], which was located closer to Gwalior. He captured [[Dholpur]], and then marched against Gwalior, characterizing the expedition as a ''[[jihad]]''. From September 1505 to May 1506, Lodi managed to ransack the rural areas around Gwalior, but was unable to capture the Gwalior Fort because of Man Singhs's hit-and-run tactics. A scarcity of food resulting from Lodi's destruction of crops forced Lodi to give up the siege. During his return to Agra, Man Singh ambushed his army near Jatwar, inflicting heavy casualties on the invaders.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=177}}

Having failed in capturing the Gwalior Fort, Lodi decided to capture the smaller forts surrounding Gwalior. Dholpur and Mandrayal were already in his control by this time. In February 1507, he captured the Uditnagar (Utgir or Avantgarh) fort lying on the [[Narwar]]-Gwalior route.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|pp=177-178}} In September 1507, he marched against [[Narwar]], whose ruler (a member of the Tomara clan) fluctuated his allegiance between the Tomaras of Gwalior and the [[Malwa Sultanate]]. He captured the fort after a year-long siege.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=179}} In December 1508, Lodi placed Narwar in charge of Raj Singh Kachchwaha, and marched to Lahar (Lahayer) located to the south-east of Gwalior. He stayed at Lahar for a few months, during which he cleared its neighbourhood of rebels.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=179}} Over the next few years, Lodi remained busy in other conflicts. In 1516, he made a plan to capture Gwalior, but an illness prevented him from doing so. Man Singh died in 1516, and [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikander Lodi's]] illness also led to his death in November 1517.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1963|p=184}}

== Palaces ==
[[File:Gujari Mahal Museum Gwalior - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|The [[Gujari Mahal Archaeological Museum|Gujari Mahal]] at Gwalior Fort was built by Man Singh Tomar.]]
The 15th century [[Gujari Mahal Archaeological Museum|Gujari Mahal]] is a monument of love by Raja Man Singh Tomar for his queen, Mrignayani. Due to the friction between Mrignayani and his other wives as Mrignayani was of lower caste, Raja Man Singh built the separate palace for her below the Gwalior fortress. Mrignayani demanded a separate palace with a constant water supply from the River Rai, she demanded to be always with the king in war. The outer structure of the Gujari Mahal has survived in an almost total state of preservation, the interior has been now converted into an archaeological museum.

Within Gwalior Fort, also built by Man Singh Tomar, is the [[Man Mandir Palace]],<ref>[[R. Nath]], Islamic architecture and culture in India, page 63</ref> built between 1486 CE and 1517 CE. The tiles that once adorned its exterior have not survived, but at the entrance, traces of these still remain. Vast chambers with fine stone screens were once the music halls, and behind these screens, the royal ladies would learn music from the great masters of those times.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |oclc=500687579 }}
{{ref end}}

[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1516 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Gwalior]]

Shravana (nakshatra)

2026-01-12T16:44:06Z

BethIlf498848137: created new page!

{{short description|22nd nakshatra in Hindu astronomy}}
{{about|the lunar mansion|other uses of Shravana, Shraavana, or Shravan|Shravana (disambiguation)}}
{{Nakshatras}}
'''Shravana''' ([[Devanagari]]: श्रवण), also known as '''Thiruvonam''' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]] (Tamil: திருவோணம், Malayalam: തിരുവോണം), is the 22nd ''[[nakshatra]]'' or ''lunar mansion'' as used in [[Hindu astronomy]], [[Hindu calendar]] and [[Hindu astrology]]. It belongs to the [[constellation]] [[Makara (Hindu mythology)|Makara]] (Devanagari: मकर), a legendary sea creature resembling a crocodile] or [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]]. The name alludes to [[Shravana|Shravan]], a mythological character who attained repute due to his utmost devotion to his aged and blind parents.

[[Venkateswara|Lord Venkateswara]] of [[Tirupati]] and Lord Oppiliappan near [[Kumbakonam]], who married Markandeya Rishi's daughter Bhuvalli, are believed to be born in this Nakshatra in the [[Bhadrapada]] maasa. [[Onam]], the biggest festival of [[Kerala]], is celebrated on this Nakshathra in the Malayalam month of [[Chingam]].

Traditional [[Hindu given names]] are determined by which pada (quarter) of a nakshatra the Ascendant/[[Lagna]] was in at the time of birth. In the case of Shravana Nakshatra, the given name would begin with the following syllables:<ref>{{cite web|title=Nakshatra Names in Sanskrit, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, and Malayalam|url=http://www.mypanchang.com/nakshatras.html|website=www.mypanchang.com|access-date=30 March 2018|language=en}}</ref>

*Khi ([[Devanagari]]: खी)
*Khu ([[Devanagari]]: खू)
*Khe ([[Devanagari]]: खे)
*Kho ([[Devanagari]]: खो)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu astrology}}
[[Category:Nakshatra]]

{{nakshatra-stub}}

HMS Hildersham

2025-12-14T01:49:02Z

BethIlf498848137: Creating some article w/ refs

{{short description|Minesweeper of the Royal Navy}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=United Kingdom
|flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|name= HMS ''Hildersham''
|namesake=[[Hildersham]]
|ordered=
|awarded=
|builder= [[Vosper & Company|Vosper]]
|original_cost=
|laid_down=
|launched= 5 February 1954
|christened=
|completed= 9 November 1954
|acquired=
|commissioned=
|recommissioned=
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|homeport=
|identification=
|motto=
|nickname=
|honours=
|captured=
|fate=transferred to India, 1955
|notes=
|badge=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=title
|country=India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name= INS ''Bimlipatan''
|namesake= [[Bheemunipatnam|Bimlipatan]]
|acquired=1955
|commissioned=
|recommissioned=
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|struck=1994
|fate=
}}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|class={{sclass2|Ham|minesweeper|1}}
|displacement=*120 tons standard
*164 tons full
|length={{convert|106|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|beam={{convert|22|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|height=
|draught={{convert|5|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}
|power=
|propulsion=2 shaft Paxman 12YHAXM diesels, {{convert|1,100|bhp|kW|abbr=on}}
|speed={{convert|14|kn|km/h}}
|range=
|endurance=
|capacity=
|complement=2 officers, 13 ratings
|troops=
|armament=1 × [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun]] / [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm]] Oerlikon gun
|armour=
|notes=[[Pennant number]](s): M2705 / IMS42
}}
}}
'''HMS ''Hildersham''''' was one of 93 ships of the {{sclass2|Ham|minesweeper|4}} of inshore [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweepers]].

Their names were all chosen from villages ending in ''-ham''. The minesweeper was named after [[Hildersham]] in [[Cambridgeshire]].

==References==
*Blackman, R.V.B. ed. ''Jane's Fighting Ships'' (1953)

{{Ham class minesweeper|others}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hildersham (M2705)}}
[[Category:Ham-class minesweepers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Portsmouth]]
[[Category:1954 ships]]
[[Category:Cold War minesweepers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Royal Navy ship names]]
[[Category:Ham-class minesweepers of the Indian Navy]]

{{UK-minesweeper-stub}}
{{india-mil-stub}}

Salmara South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

2025-12-12T21:40:10Z

BethIlf498848137: typo fix

#REDIRECT [[Mankachar Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Shilikchey

2025-12-03T23:17:58Z

BethIlf498848137: created article!

{{Orphan|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shilikchey
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|34.5852|76.1264
|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Ladakh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kargil district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of tehsils in India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kargil]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| government_type = [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 60.3
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1006
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = {{sfnp|District Census Handbook|2011|p=115}}
| demographics_type1 = Others
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 194103
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 973
| registration_plate = LA 02
| website =
| blank1_name_sec2 = {{nowrap|[[Official languages]]}}
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Hindi]], [[Purgi language|Purgi]], [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[English language|English]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = Other spoken
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Shina language|Shina]], [[Balti language|Balti]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}
'''Shilikchey'''{{efn|Alternative spellings: '''Shilikche''' and '''Shilikchay'''.}} is a village in [[Kargil]] district of the [[Union territory]] of [[Ladakh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maqbool |first=Umer |title=Ladakh to have headquarters both at Leh and Kargil |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/ladakh-to-have-headquarters-both-at-leh-and-kargil |access-date=2022-01-14 |website=Greater Kashmir|date=16 February 2019 }}</ref> It is located 5 km away from the [[Kargil]] Town, on the right bank of the [[Suru River (Indus)|Suru River]]. According to 2009 stats, Shelikchey is the gram panchayat of Shilikchey village.

The total geographical area in which this village is expanded is 60.3 hectares. Shilikchey has a total population of 1,006 people. There are about 134 families residing in Shilikchey village. Kargil is the nearest town to Shilikchey which is nearly 5 km away.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Shilikchey Village Report|work=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|url= https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=1162 |access-date= 14 January 2022}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
; Sources
* {{citation |title=District Census Handbook: Kargil |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir |year=2011 |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0104_PART_A_DCHB_KARGIL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121205644/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0104_PART_A_DCHB_KARGIL.pdf |archive-date=21 November 2017 |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnref|District Census Handbook|2011}}}}

{{Ladakh}}
{{Kargil district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kargil tehsil]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Behror

2025-11-25T19:43:07Z

BethIlf498848137: Made First Details From Scratch.

{{Short description|City in Rajasthan, India}}
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Kotputli-Behror district|the constituency|Behror Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Behror
| settlement_type = City {{!}} Urban Area
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Behror new bus stand Circle droneview to alwar.png
| alt1a = NH48 Highway Flyover at Behror
| photo1b = Behror old bus stand circle droneview.png
| alt1b = Old Busstop Circle on Shahid Marg Behror
| photo2a = Behror upvan city drone view.png
| alt2a = RIICO Industrial area
| photo3a = Behror from rtechplaza bsnltower.jpg
| alt3a = View of Behror City from Old BSNL tower near Rtech Plaza
| spacing = 2
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 250
| foot-montage = Behror
}}
| image_caption = ''Left to right'':
NH48 Highway Flyover at Behror (L), Old Busstop Circle on Shahid Marg Behror (R), RIICO Industrial area, View of Behror City from Rtech Plaza
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = Left
| pushpin_map_caption = Behror in Rajasthan
| coordinates = {{coord|27|53|25|N|76|17|10|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kotputli-Behror district|Kotputli-Behror]]
| subdivision_name3 = Behror Tehsil
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 312
| population_total = 29531
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=27 September 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[Ahirwati]]<ref name="shodhganga_201">{{Cite journal|date=11 July 2020 |title=Alwar Ki Bhogolik evam Ithehasik Prishthbhoomi|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/14193/6/06_chapter%201.pdf|journal=Sodhganga|volume=Adhyaya 1|pages=9|via=Sodhganga/INFLIBNET}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 301701
| area_code = (+91)-1494
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| pushpin_label = Behror
| government_type = [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]]<ref name="bhaskar_131698231">{{Cite news |title=बहरोड़ नगपालिका से नगर परिषद में क्रमोन्नत|work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/alwar/behror/news/upgraded-from-behror-municipality-to-municipal-council-131698231.html |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref>
| governing_body = Behror Municipal Council<ref name="bhaskar_131698231"/>
| registration_plate = RJ32
| seat_type = Municipal Council
| nickname = Raath<ref name="shodhganga_10603_93189_5_201">{{cite web |title=अलवर की भौगोलिक एवं इतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि |trans-title=Alwar Ki Bhogolik evam Ithesik Prishtbhoomi |language=hi|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/93189/5/05_chapter%201.pdf |website=Shodhganga |publisher=Shodhganga INFLIBNET |access-date=11 July 2020|page=3}}</ref>
| leader_title = Chairman
| blank_name_sec1 = Nearest railway station
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Narnaul railway station]] (20 km away)
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest International airport
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] (115 km away)
| blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest Airport
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Narnaul Airport|Bachhod Airstrip]] (25 km away)
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| named_for = Mohalla Bhairunpur<ref name=":5"/>
| other_name = Bahror, Bhror, Bahroad
| parts_type = Wards
| website = [https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/nagar-palika-behror/en/home.html.html# Municipal Council Behror]
| founder = King Shaliwahan<ref name="ignca_rj166b">{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan - Alwar - Bhogolik, Etihasik Pristhbhumi: Sthapana|url=http://ignca.nic.in/coilnet/rj166b.htm|access-date=10 July 2020|website=ignca.nic.in}}</ref><ref name=":8"/>
}}

'''Behror''' ({{IPA|hi|bɛɦɾoːɽ|IPA|Behror_Pronunciation.ogg}}) is a city in the [[Kotputli-Behror district]] of [[Rajasthan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot announces formation of 19 new districts, 3 new divisions |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/rajasthan-chief-minister-announces-formation-of-19-new-districts-3-new-divisions/cid/1923358 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> of the Jaipur division. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the eponymous ''Behror'' [[tehsil]] and shares headquarters for Kotputli-Behror district with Kotputli. It is equidistant from both the state capital Jaipur and the national capital New Delhi.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |title=कोटपूतली-बहरोड़ होगा नया जिला:क्षेत्र के लोगों को मिलेगी सुविधा, 17 सालों से चली आ रही थी मांग |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/alwar/behror/news/people-of-the-area-will-get-facility-demand-was-going-on-for-17-years-131050820.html |access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref> Located 120 km southwest of New Delhi and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]], it is regulated under National Capital Region Planning Board which is a federal authority for urban planning purposes in [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/theministry/subordinateoff/tcpo/DMA_Report/CHAPTER_5.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717083717/http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/theministry/subordinateoff/tcpo/DMA_Report/CHAPTER_5.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Along with Shahjahanpur and Neemrana, it is grouped as SNB Complex (Shahjahanpur-Neemrana-Behror) of NCR- which includes 137 revenue villages, in which Behror municipality is the largest urban conglomeration.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=SNB Master Plan|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/SHAHJAHANPUR-NEEMRANA-BEHROR_MASTER%20PLAN%20REPORT.pdf|journal=Master Plan Report|publisher=Govt. Of Rajasthan|page=15}}</ref> This region is also known as 'Ahirwal region' or simply as ''Raath''<ref name="shodhganga_10603_93189_5_201"/> and is an important industrial hub for the state of Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-11 |title=तेजी से आगे बढ़ रहा है बहरोड क्षेत्र, हो रहा है यह बदलाव {{!}} DEVELOPMENT IN BEHROR OF ALWAR |url=https://www.patrika.com/alwar-news/development-in-behror-of-alwar-2631605/ |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN}}</ref> Behror municipality spreads out in an area of 15 km2 is divided into four revenue villages namely Behror tarf Gangabishan, Behror tarf Doongrasi, Behror tarf Nainsukh, Behror tarf Balram.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/SHAHJAHANPUR-NEEMRANA-BEHROR_MASTER%20PLAN%20REPORT.pdf|title=Shahjahanpur-Neemrana-Behror Complex|publisher=UDH, Govt. of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur|pages=13}}</ref>

== Toponym ==
According to the most commonly accepted legend, the name "Behror" is thought to be derived from a corruption of the word '<nowiki/>''Bhairun'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>''''' in the name ''"'''Mohalla Bhairunpura'''''". Mohalla Bhairunpura was named after Bhairun temple in the city established by King Shalivahan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Ram|first=Maya|url=http://plan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/planning-portal/Directorate%20of%20Economics%20and%20Statistics/Publication/Rajasthan%20Gazetters/DISTRICT%20GAZETTEER/ALWAR/alwar%20complete_english.pdf#.#ENGLISH|title=Gazetteer of Rajasthan - Alwar|publisher=Government of Rajasthan|year=1967|location=Jaipur|pages=713–714|language=English}}</ref>

== History ==
In and around the Sahibi River Basin which flows near to Behror city, several late [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Harappan]] period pottery and archaeological artefacts have been found.<ref>{{cite journal |title=( Sahibi River Basin ) 4 Chapter 1 |pages=2 |trans-title=This phenomenon of settlement migration towards east between the Ghaggar and Yamuna divide was thoroughly studied by Manmohan Kumar (2009: 1-27) who foundthat the Late Harappan sites were increased in number towards the river Yamuna |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/208307/7/4_chapter%201.pdf |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : From stone age to 12th century.|publisher=Pearson|year=2009|isbn=9788131716779|pages=116}}</ref>

Behror and the surrounding region formed the southern fringe of the Bhramvrat described in [[Manusmriti]], though due to varied interpretations the precise location and size of the Brahmvrata region has been the subject of academic uncertainty. [[Dhosi Hill]] in the nearby city of Narnaul is an extinct volcano of the Aravali Range and has been referred to be abode of many rishis in ancient Indian texts, chief among them Maharishi Chyawan. Khetri is a copper age settlement around 60 km away. Matsya-Bairath region of which it is part has been numerously referenced in Mahabharata and Manusmriti.

Around 9th century AD, regions north-west of Sahibi River were ruled by King Mauradhwaj and was succeeded by King Shaliwahan who established two new cities, Kot and Shaliwahapur. Kot whose remains are found in present Singhali village of [[Mundawar]] tehsil.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Meena |first=Girdhari |title=अलवर रियासत का एक संक्षिप्त परिचय |trans-title=A brief description of Alwar princely state. |url=http://www.ijcms2015.co/file/vol-ii-issue-2/AIJRA-VOL-II-ISSUE-2-77.pdf |department=History |journal=AJIRA |language=Hindi |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=77 |issn=2455-5967}}</ref> While, Mohalla Bhairunpura in Shaliwahpur later came to be known as Behror city.<ref name="ignca_rj166b"/>

During later part of Mughal rule over Delhi Sultanate, this region rapidly underwent change of rulers due to wars between Mughal and Maratha armies, in such fights around late 18 and early 19th century the main fort of the city called '''''"Mitti Ka Qila"''''' in Garh Mohalla was permanently destroyed and the businesses suffered heavy losses from which town took a long time to recover subsequently.

Rao Mitra Sen, an Ahir from Behror, was minister under Rao Bhawani Singh and Rao Dilel Singh of [[Rewari]]. He became the ruler of [[Ahirwal]] in 18th century with capital at [[Rewari]]. He also fought in the [[Battle of Mandan]] and annexed Mandan, Jhunjhunu etc. In 1785, a Maratha expedition to Rewari was repelled by Rao Mitra Sen of [[Rewari]].<ref>Man Singh, Abhirkuladipika (Urdu), 1900, Delhi p. 123</ref><ref>Vithal Krishnaji Khedkar (1924) The Divine Heritage of the Yadavas, p. 193</ref>
[[File:Gokul Sikka 2 - Rewari.jpg|thumb|Gokul Sikka 2 - Rewari]]

With the establishment of Alwar princely state by Naruka Clan descendant Rao Raja Pratap Singh, the areas surrounding Alwar were consolidated either by War or treaty after the waning of Mughal Power, loss of Maratha in North and ascendancy of British Power. During the reign of Rao Pratap Singh (Ruler of Alwar), Behror and surrounding Bansur area were incorporated in Alwar princely state.

After the battle of Laalsevadi in 1803 against Marathas by British, Behror was given back to Ahmed Bakshkhan of Alwar princely state as a gift of service rendered by Alwar princely state in help of British against Marathas. This battle of Laalsevadi is important as Marathas' defeat in this battle rendered their hold on North India weak while the British subsequently strengthened their hold on Delhi.<ref name=":8" />

Before independence, Behror was a Tehsil and urban center under [[Alwar State]].

In first freedom movement, [[:simple:Pran Sukh Yadav|Pran Sukh Yadav]], who fought along with [[Rao Tula Ram]] against the British in an 1857 freedom struggle at the Battle of Naseebpur near Behror in Narnaul, hailed from Behror tehsil and was important in raising local population of [[Ahir|Aheers]] against British.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shodhganga|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/14193/6/06_chapter%201.pdf}}</ref><ref name="The Revolt">{{cite book|title=Freedom Struggle of 1857 - Renu Saran|year=1900|publisher=Diamond Books|isbn=9789350830659}}</ref>
[[File:Raja Rao Tula Ram.jpg|thumb|Raja Rao Tula Ram]]

After independence, and in the subsequent accession of Alwar state to Indian Union on 1 July 1947 it became part of newly formed Republic of India. In 1948, it became part of the [[United States of Matsya]] under Indian Union which was formed through a covenant with Union Government of India by states of Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli with capital being Alwar. Then one year later in 1949, these were again merged with other princely states of Rajputana to form Rajasthan and through this Behror came to be part of Rajasthan state. In 1953, Behror along with Alwar were again considered to be included in to be formed Brij Pradesh or Greater Delhi by State Reorganisation Commission but those proposals were never implemented and subsequently dropped.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ram|first=Maya|url=https://plan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/planning-portal/en/des/publications/RAJASTHAN_GAZETTEERS/DISTRICT_GAZETTEER/ALWAR/ENGLISH.html|title=Gazetteer of Rajasthan - Alwar|publisher=Government Press, Jaipur|year=1968|location=Jaipur|pages=97–98}}</ref>

Behror has remained important center in Ahirwal region and as a part of the larger [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsya]] Region, also due to proximity to Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History OF ALWAR|url=https://alwar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/alwar/en/about-alwar/history.html#|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> The years in the late 20th century show rapid changes in the town with establishment of RIICO Industrial Zones new avenues of commercial activity were born and were reflected in the sharp variation in population figures after it.

Since independence Behror has been a part of [[Alwar district]] but in 2023, Behror along with Kotputli were declared as one of the 19 new districts of Rajasthan.<ref name=":7" />
The governing body of the city was changed from Municipality to Municipal Council on 17 August 2023 by order of the Governor of Rajasthan.<ref name="bhaskar_131698231"/>

==Geography==
Located at co-ordinates {{coord|27.88|N|76.28|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Behror.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Behror]</ref> with an average elevation of {{convert|312|m|ft}} Behror sits amidst generally plain and very fertile agricultural land with Aravali Range mountains running north–south approximately 5 km to west of Behror.

According to CGWA, it has been identified as an area for regulating withdrawal of ground water (Dark Zone) since there are limited surface water resources and mostly ground water is used as main source of water.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Sub-Regional Plan for Rajasthan Sub-Region - 2021 Report|publisher=State Press, Govt. Of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur}}</ref> ''[[Sahibi River]]'', which is an ephemeral river flows 10 km south-east of Behror, flowing south-west to north-east. Usually these days it is dry. ''Sota'' river is 7 km to south- west<ref>{{Cite book|title=Master Plan for Behror, 1989-2001|publisher=Chief Town Planner, Govt. Of Rajasthan}}</ref> of Behror and drains in Sahibi river.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture|pages=6}}</ref> The main water bodies of the city are:

# Sesada
# Bhojada
# Govind Devji Pond
# Hanuman Mandir Pond

The climate is mostly dry, and mainly summer, winter and a short rainy season are the main seasons, winter starts from November and till March, summer remains till July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Master Plan 2041SNB|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/SHAHJAHANPUR-NEEMRANA-BEHROR_MASTER%20PLAN%20REPORT.pdf|access-date=7 July 2020|website=UDH Rajasthan}}</ref> January is the coldest month when it may get as cold as 2 °C. Around four-fifths of the average rainfall is received in July, August and September.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908 (Volume 5 )|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1909|location=Oxford|pages=255}}</ref>

The soil is highly fertile and agriculture is one of the main occupation in the region. ''Mattiyar'', a type of loamy soil, is most commonly found in Behror.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_269.gif|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1909|volume=5|location=Oxford|pages=261|archive-date=31 March 2023|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331184329/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_269.gif|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city falls under Seismic Activity Zones 4 with some area of [[Tahsil]] under Zone 3 and another under Zone 4.

Forests are mainly of deciduous hilly type found along tracts of [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli hills]] with dominant trees being ''kikar'', ''[[Azadirachta indica|neem]]'' and ''[[Anogeissus pendula|dhak]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lenin|first=Janaki|date=6 July 2020 |title=Dhok, the purple-heart tree warrior of the Aravallis|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/dhok-the-purple-heart-warrior-of-the-aravallis/article28295083.ece |access-date=11 July 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Main mineral found is quartz. There has been rapid changes in the environment surrounding city due to rapid urbanisation and increased pollution.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/Sub-Regional%20Plan%20for%20Rajasthan%20Sub-Region%20-%202021%20Report.pdf |title=Sub-Regional Plan for Rajasthan Sub-Region - 2021 Report|publisher=State Press, Govt. Of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur|pages=153, 228, 249}}</ref>

==Administration==
Behror City is a Municipal Council administered city according to Rajasthan Government classification system and is proposed to become a Regional Centre city.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/Sub-Regional%20Plan%20for%20Rajasthan%20Sub-Region%20-%202021%20Report.pdf |title=Sub Regional Plan 2021|publisher=Govt. Of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur|pages=Final Report - PAGE 35}}</ref>

Eponymous Behror tehsil is an administrative unit comprising Behror city and surrounding gram panchayats/villages. Behror Legislative constituency is the political constituency including Behror city and surrounding villages for election of representative to State legislature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administration|url=https://alwar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/alwar/en/about-alwar/blocks-tehsils-panchayats.html#|website=Alwar District}}</ref>

=== Behror municipality ===
The Behror municipality – which is Behror city proper – is divided into 25 wards for which elections are held every five years.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==== Behror Legislative Constituency ====
Behror Legislative Constituency is categorised as rural seat in Legislative constituency classification. There are a total of {{formatnum:211534}} voters in the seat, which includes {{formatnum:110515}} male voters, and {{formatnum:101019}} female voters. In the 2018 Rajasthan elections, Behror recorded a voter turnout of 74.69%. In 2013 the turnout was 76%, and in 2008 it was 69%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Behror Elections 2018|work=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/rajasthan/behror-election-result-s20a062/|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref>

==== Behror Tehsil ====
Behror Tehsil comprises 62 [[Gram panchayat]]s and 64 [[Patwar]] circles with ILR Code - 5.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Economy==
Agriculture, manufacturing and services are the major contributors to the GDP. Behror is a leading producer of mustard and wheat. Apart from this, it also plays an important role in the production of cotton.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tomozawa |first=K |title=The Frontier of the Expanding Industrial Agglomeration in the NCR of Delhi |url=https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/files/public/4/41501/20161109134607884119/JURSCI_2-1_13.pdf |journal=Journal of Urban and Regional Studies on Contemporary India |language=English |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=15–25}}</ref> Due to rapid development waste disposal has become a problem in the municipality and wider region with no proper waste disposal sites.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/Sub-Regional%20Plan%20for%20Rajasthan%20Sub-Region%20-%202021%20Report.pdf |title=Sub Regional Plan 2021|publisher=Govt. Of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur|pages=Final Report - Page 148}}</ref>
[[File:Xaviers School RIICO Behror.png|thumb|Drone View of Xaviers School Behror towards Rewali]]

== Transportation ==
Behror municipality is well connected to major Urban conglomerations in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 October 2018|first=Rohit E. |last=David |title=Rapid rail to be linked with metro, work on Delhi-Behror track may start in March 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/rapid-rail-to-be-linked-with-metro-work-on-delhi-behror-track-may-start-in-march-2019/articleshow/66092891.cms |access-date=11 July 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Roadways===
The most important connecting road is six-lane NH-8 (NH - 48) which passes through the city connects it to Delhi to the North-East and Jaipur to the South-West. This important link is a part of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project of [[NHAI]].<ref name=":2" /> [[RTDC]] run Hotel Midway is situated on [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH-8]] in Behror.<ref>{{Cite news|title=RTDC Midway in Bad Condition|work=Patrika|url=https://www.patrika.com/alwar-news/behror-midway-on-delhi-jaipur-highway-is-in-bad-condition-3940928/|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref>

Behror is midway between [[Jaipur]] and Delhi, at a distance of 130 km from the State Capital and 120 km from the National Capital.

Behror has direct connectivity to [[Alwar]] city which is 60 km away. Behror Tehsil borders [[Haryana]]'s [[Narnaul]] district and is connected to Narnaul City by State Highway - 14.<ref name=":3" />

MDR (Major District Road) - 78 road connects Behror to Rewari and Inland Container Depot at Kathuwas to North and Nangal Chaudhary to South.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/Sub-Regional%20Plan%20for%20Rajasthan%20Sub-Region%20-%202021%20Report.pdf |title=Sub Regional Plan|publisher=Govt. Of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur|pages=Annex 6.3 - Page 6}}</ref>

===Railways===
Nearest major Railway station is [[Narnaul railway station]] 25 km away on Phulera-Rewari-Delhi Railway Line.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/ctp/pdf/Sub-Regional%20Plan%20for%20Rajasthan%20Sub-Region%20-%202021%20Report.pdf |title=Sub-Regional Plan 2021|publisher=Govt. Of Rajasthan|location=Jaipur|pages=Executive Summary - Page 1}}</ref> Inland Container Depot is located in Kathuwas 25 km away on Western Dedicated Freight Corridor [[Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project|DMRC]] project.<ref name=":1" /> Integrated Multimodal Logistics hub at Nangal Chaudhary is 20 km away.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrated Multi-Modal logistics hub and IMC Hisar would immensely benefit Hry: CM|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2023/state-editions/integrated-multi-modal-logistics-hub-and-imc-hisar-would-immensely-benefit-hry--cm.html |access-date=6 June 2023 | website=Daily Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>

===Airways ===
The nearest airport is Indra Gandhi International Airport which is 110 km towards Delhi on Jaipur- Delhi Highway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airport Near Behror, Rajasthan, India, Nearest Airports|url=https://airport.globefeed.com/India_Nearest_Airport_Result.asp?lat=27.8833333&lng=76.2833333&place=Behror,%20Rajasthan,%20India&sr=gp |access-date=11 July 2020|website=airport.globefeed.com}}</ref> Nearest Airstrip is [[Narnaul Airport|Bacchod Airstrip]] of 3000 feet at Bachhod Village of [[Mahendragarh]] District around 25 km away. Another international airport is proposed at Kotkasim of Khairthal district which is only 50 km away.<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजस्थान में यहां हवाई अड्डे की फिर चर्चा, सरकार ने एयरपोर्ट की ओर बढ़ाया कदम, मुख्यमंत्री ने की थी यह घोषणा|url=https://www.patrika.com/alwar-news/airport-in-kotkasim-alwar-latest-news-5164209/ |access-date=11 July 2020|website=Patrika News|date=October 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>

== Landmarks and monuments ==
=== Forts ===
[[File:Neemrana Fort, Alwar Rajasthan.jpg|alt=Neemrana Fort ( Chouhan Clan ) Located 10 km away is a heritage hotel now .|thumb|Neemrana Fort]]
Neemrana Fort Complex located 10 km away is the most important Landmark. The famous Neemrana fort was built in the 16th century and was occupied by Chouhan Rajputs till 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alwar Tourist Places|url=https://alwar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/alwar/en/about-alwar/tourist-places.html|access-date=1 July 2020|website=Alwar District}}</ref>

Taseeng Fort located in Aravali hills 5 km away is another place of attraction but now in poor condition due to neglect. It was last occupied by Badgurjar Clan. Before them Chouhans from Machedi were its inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|title=विरासत के झरोखे से: कभी अभेद्य रहा, पर अब तिल-तिल कर मर रहा हूं|url=https://m.patrika.com/jaipur-news/from-our-archives-heritage-once-impregnable-but-now-i-am-dying-mole-mole-1803583/|access-date=10 July 2020|website=Patrika News|date=5 February 2016 |language=hi}}</ref>
[[File:Behror Taseeng Fort.jpg|alt=Taseeng Fort ( Chouhan and Badgurjar Clans ) Located 5 km away from city center in Foothills Of taseeng Aravallis is a formidable fort .|thumb|Taseeng Fort]]

===Temples===
Mansa Devi Temple in Dahmi is thronged by devotees far and wide during Navratris.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/08/0806_PART_A_DCHB_ALWAR.pdf |title=Census 2011 District Handbook - Alwar|publisher=Directorate of Census Operatioins|year=2014|location=Jaipur|pages=30, 31}}</ref> It is a 637-year-old temple.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mansa Devi Bell from 1437 still Ringing|work=Dainik Bhaskar|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-ALW-MAT-latest-alwar-news-050548-628768-NOR.html|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Behror Taseeng Baori.jpg|thumb|Taseeng Baori]]
Jeelani Mata Mandir built 500 years ago located behind Kutchery is another historical temple.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 December 2017 |title=सिसोदिया वंशजों ने बनाया जिलाणी माता मंदिर|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-ALW-MAT-latest-alwar-news-060052-654774-NOR.html |access-date=10 July 2020|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to [[2011 Indian Census]], Behror Municipality had population of 29,531 of which 15,570 were males and 13,961 were females. Children between the age of 0 to 6 years were 3770 which is 12.77% of total population. Female sex ratio was of 897. The total number of literates Behror was 21,656, which constituted 73.33% of the total population with male literacy of 80.04% and female literacy of 65.85%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Behror was 84.1%, of which male literacy rate was 92.4% and female literacy rate was 75.1%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] have a population of 4,466 and 940 respectively. Behror municipality has total administration over 5,484 houses.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Behror (M) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=82387 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> The population of Behror fell in the first decades of 20th century attributable to the reasons of Influenza outbreaks in 1918, Plague outbreak in 1907, and deaths of enlisted soldiers in Rajputana units in the battlefields of World War 1 and China War in 1900, indeed this was true of most of Alwar state and Rajputana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maya|first=Ram|title=Gazetteer of Rajasthan - Alwar|publisher=Government Press, Jaipur|year=1968|location=Jaipur|pages=110–111}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Decadal population growth in Behror municipality<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jiwanlal|first=Brij|url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/census-india-1921volume-xxivrajputana-and-ajmer-merwara-0|title=Census of India 1921|publisher=Government Printing, Calcutta|year=1922|volume=XXIV|location=Kolkata|pages=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/censusofindiav22pt2indi|title=Census of India 1911|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing|year=1911|location=London|pages=16}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />
!Decade
!Population
!Growth rate ( in % )
|-
|1801
|5,710
| -
|-
|1881 {{decrease}}
|5,533
| -
|-
|1901 {{steady}}
|5,540
| -
|-
|1911 {{decrease}}
|5,253
| -0.05
|-
|1921 {{decrease}}
|4,108
| -0.22
|-
|1941
|
|
|-
|1951 {{increase}}
|4,465
| -
|-
|1961 {{increase}}
|5,462
| 22.32
|-
|1971 {{increase}}
|6,868
| 40.55
|-
|1981 {{increase}}
|9,653
|40.05
|-
|1991 {{increase}}
|16,238
|68.21
|-
|2001 {{increase}}
|22,856
|40.76
|-
|2011 {{increase}}
|29,531
|29.20
|}
<graph>{"version":2,"width":440,"height":258,"data":[{"name":"table","values":[{"x":1801,"y":5},{"x":1881,"y":5},{"x":1901,"y":5},{"x":1911,"y":5},{"x":1921,"y":4},{"x":1951,"y":4},{"x":1961,"y":5},{"x":1971,"y":6},{"x":1981,"y":9},{"x":1991,"y":16},{"x":2001,"y":22},{"x":2011,"y":29}]}],"scales":[{"name":"x","type":"ordinal","range":"width","zero":false,"domain":{"data":"table","field":"x"}},{"name":"y","type":"linear","range":"height","nice":true,"domain":{"data":"table","field":"y"}}],"axes":[{"type":"x","scale":"x"},{"type":"y","scale":"y"}],"marks":[{"type":"rect","from":{"data":"table"},"properties":{"enter":{"x":{"scale":"x","field":"x"},"y":{"scale":"y","field":"y"},"y2":{"scale":"y","value":0},"fill":{"value":"steelblue"},"width":{"scale":"x","band":"true","offset":-1}}}}]}</graph>

===Languages===
[[Hindi]] is being the official language of city. [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] is the most spoken language of the city. But in this border area most common vernacular language - '''''Raathi/Ahirwati''''' - has influences of [[Hindi|administrative Hindi]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] / [[Bangru language (Haryana)|Bangru]], [[Mewati language|Mewati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/WTM |title=Mewati|website=Ethnologue |access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref> It is influenced by Bangru the most, and seems rough to people not used to it.<ref name="shodhganga_201"/>

==Culture and festivals==
The [[Rathi cattle|Rath]] cattle fair is organised in the month of May for the improvement of the Rath breed in Kotputli-Behror district.<ref name=":4" />

== See also ==
* [[Neemrana]]
* [[Kotputli]]
* [[Bansur]]
* [[Viratnagar]]
* [[Mundawar]]
* [[Alwar]]
* [[Jaipur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kotputli-Behror district]]

Atal Pension Yojana

2025-11-25T12:24:44Z

BethIlf498848137: Structure improved and content revised

{{Short description|Indian national pension scheme}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox project
| image= Atal_Pension_Yojana.png
| country = [[India]]
| key_people = [[Arun Jaitley]], [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
| launched = Original launch in 2010–11. Relaunched on {{Start date and age|2015|05|09|df=y}}
| website = {{URL|https://jansuraksha.gov.in/}}
| current_status = Active
}}
'''Atal Pension Yojana''' (APY, translation: ''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal]]'s Pension Scheme''), formerly known as '''Swavalamban Yojana''' (SY, translation: ''Self-Support Scheme''), is a government-backed pension scheme in [[India]], primarily targeted at the [[unorganised sector]]. It was primarily launched as Swavalamban Yojana by UPA government, but renamed as Atal Pension Yojana in 2015 after the former Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Bajpayee]]. It was mentioned in the year [[2015 Union budget of India|2015 budget speech]] of Finance Minister [[Arun Jaitley]].<ref name=Woes>{{citation |title=Jan Suraksha: Social security for masses, pricing woes for insurers|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/jan-suraksha-social-security-for-masses-pricing-woes-for-insurers-115050900786_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]]|date=9 May 2015}}</ref> It was launched by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 9 May 2015 in [[Kolkata]].<ref name=Advertise>{{citation |title=Banks advertise Pradhan Mantri Bima Yojana ahead of the roll out|url=http://www.livemint.com/Money/n6uNxsGr1kytGMNBXklVTI/Banks-advertise-Pradhan-Mantri-Bima-Yojana-ahead-of-the-roll.html |work=[[Live Mint]]|date=8 May 2015}}</ref> Its main objective is to help towards economic security of those people who become depressed after their working age and take retirement from professional life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=What is Atal Pension Yojana how to get pension, know details |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/business/what-is-atal-pension-yojana-how-to-get-pension-best-retirement-plan-mdn |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
Swavalamban Yojana was a government-backed [[pension]] scheme targeted at the [[Unorganised sector (India)|unorganised sector]] in India. It was applicable to all citizens in the unorganised sector who joined the [[National Pension Scheme]] (NPS) administered by the [[Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority]] (PFRDA) Act 2013.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.southindianbank.com/userfiles/swavalamban_yojana_operational_guidelines.pdf|title=Swavalamban Scheme: Operational Guidelines|accessdate=6 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/fm-to-launch-swavalamban-pension-scheme-tomorrow-110092500147_1.html|title=FM to launch Swavalamban pension scheme tomorrow|date=2010-09-25|work=Business Standard|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref>

Under the scheme, the [[Government of India]] contributed {{INRConvert|1000}} per year to each NPS account opened in the year 2010–11 and for the next three years, that is, 2011–12, 2012–13 and 2013–14. The benefit was available only to people who joined the NPS with a minimum contribution of {{INRConvert|1000}} and maximum contribution of {{INRConvert|12000}} per annum. The scheme was announced by the Finance Minister in Budget 2010–11. It was funded by grants from the Government of India.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

This scheme has been replaced with Atal Pension Yojana,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://financialservices.gov.in/pension-reforms-divisions/Swavalamban-Scheme|title=Swavalamban Scheme|website=Department of Financial Services {{!}} Government of India|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> in which all subscribing workers below the age of 40 are eligible for pension of up to {{INRConvert|5000}} per month on attainment of 60 years of age.<ref name='nsdl'>{{cite web |title=Atal Pension Yojana (APY)1 – Details of the Scheme |url=https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/nsdl/scheme-details/APY_Scheme_Details.pdf |website=npscra.nsdl.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQ |url=https://www.npscra.nsdl.co.in/nsdl-faq.php |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=www.npscra.nsdl.co.in}}</ref> This scheme was named after [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], former prime minister of India.<ref name=":2" />

==Scheme==
To be eligible to avail the scheme, a person's age should be between 18 and 40 years. The pension of the person joining the scheme depends on the investment made in it and the time limit of investment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=atal pension yojana modi government scheme of get pension |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/business/atal-pension-yojana-modi-government-scheme-of-getting-five-thousand-pension-6-crore-people-enrolled-mdn |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> In order to incentivize people to enroll in this scheme and widen its reach, the government announced that it would co-contribute 50% of the total contribution or {{INRConvert|1|k}} per annum, whichever is lower, to each eligible subscriber account, for a period of 5 years. Only subscribers who had enrolled in APY between 1 June 2015 and 31 March 2016, were not beneficiaries of any social security schemes, and did not have taxable income, were eligible for this co-contribution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/a-good-bet-for-lower-middle-class/article27104639.ece|title=A good bet for lower middle class|last=Gunasekaran|first=Dhuraivel|date=2019-05-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-07-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/atal-pension-yojana-eligible-for-same-tax-benefits-as-national-pension-system/articleshow/51108260.cms|title=Atal Pension Yojana eligible for same tax benefits as National Pension System|last=Mukerji|first=Chandralekha|date=2016-02-23|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref>

The minimum eligible age for a person to join APY is 18 years and the maximum is 40 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/atal-pension-yojana|title=Atal Pension Yojana {{!}} National Portal of India|website=www.india.gov.in|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 January 2022 |title=सरकारी जॉब्स पाए सबसे पहले sarkaribee.com पर |url=https://sarkaribee.com/ |archive-url=https://sarkaribee.com |archive-date=23 January 2022 |accessdate=6 April 2023}}</ref> An enrolled person would start receiving pension on attaining the age of 60 years. Therefore, a minimum period of contribution by the subscriber under APY would be 20 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://revexpo.com/review/about-atal-pension-yojana-apy/|title=About Atal Pension Yojana-APY|website=revexpo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref> The individual's [[Aadhaar]] card is the primary "[[know your customer]]" (KYC) document for identification of beneficiaries, spouses, and nominees to avoid entitlement-related disputes in the long-term. For proof of address, an individual may submit a copy of their [[Ration card (India)|ration card]] or bank passbook.

Subscribers are required to opt for a monthly pension from {{INRConvert|1|k}} to {{INRConvert|5|k}} and ensure payment of the stipulated contribution regularly (monthly, quarterly, or half-yearly basis). Subscribers can opt to decrease or increase pension amount during the course of the accumulation phase, as per the available monthly pension amounts. However, the option to switch is only provided once a year during the month of April.<ref name='nsdl'/>

This scheme will be linked to the bank accounts opened under the [[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana]] scheme and the contributions will be deducted automatically.<ref name=ZeroBalance>{{cite news|title='Jan Suraksha schemes to help eliminate Jan Dhan's zero balance accounts'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/jan-suraksha-schemes-to-help-eliminate-jan-dhan-s-zero-balance-accounts-115050801384_1.html|access-date=9 May 2015|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=8 May 2015}}</ref>

==Subscribers & subscription amount==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Swavalamban Scheme subscription (Cr)
!Swavalamban Scheme subscriber
!Atal Pension Scheme subscription (Cr)
!Atal Pension Scheme subscriber
|-
!2012<ref name=auto>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=50|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in
|title=Annual report 2012-2013}}</ref>

!141
!968755
!-
!-
|-
!2013<ref name="auto"/>
!436
!1779944
!-
!-
|-
!2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=459|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2014}}</ref>
!844
!2816027
!-
!-
|-
!2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=1162|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2015}}</ref>
!1606
!4146880
!-
!-
|-
!2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=1165|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2016}}</ref>
!2108
!4480014
!506
!2,484,895
|-
!2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=1434|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2017}}</ref>
!2639
!4429342
!1885
!4863699
|-
!2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=1594|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2018}}</ref>
!3006
!4395000*
!3818
!9606000*
|-
!2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=1737 |access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2019}}</ref>
!3409
!4,362,538
!6,860
!14,953,432
|-
!2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=1924|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2020}}</ref>
!3728
!4331000*
!10526.26
!21142000*
|-
!2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=2168|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2021}}</ref>
!4,354.38
!4302000*
!15,687.11
!28049000*
|-
!2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/myauth/admin/showimg.cshtml?ID=2391|access-date=6 April 2023|website=pfrda.org.in|title=Annual report 2022}}</ref>
!4687
!-
!20923
!36276704
|-
!2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Over 5.25 crore subscribers enrolled in APY marking 8 years of successful implementation |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1923447&reg=3&lang=1 |website=Press Information Bureau {{!}} Government of India}}</ref>
!-
!-
!-
!5.2058cr
|-
|}

* The figure is not specified precisely, it is approximate.

Post-Covid-19, the number of beneficiaries joining the Atal Pension Scheme has increased. More than 90 lakh people joined in 2021 and more than 1.2 crore people joined in 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/atal-pension-yojana-sees-higher-demand-post-pandemic-shows-data-123012200570_1.html#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20enrolments%20in,from%209.2%20million%20in%202021&text=The%20Atal%20Pension%20Yojana%20(APY,enrolments%20rising%2036%20per%20cent. | title=A first: Atal Pension Yojana logs 10 million enrolments in a calendar year | date=22 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pf/pfrda-expects-aum-of-rs-9-trillion-by-end-of-fy23-shows-data-123010601147_1.html | title=PFRDA expects AUM of Rs 9 trillion by end of FY23, shows data | date=6 January 2023 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana]]
* [[Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana]]
* [[Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana]]
* [[Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|jansuraksha.gov.in}}

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]
[[Category:Social security in India]]
[[Category:Pensions in India]]
[[Category:2015 introductions]]
[[Category:2015 in India]]
[[Category:Memorials to Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in India]]

Arun Kumar Chanda

2025-11-13T07:06:13Z

BethIlf498848137: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian independence activist}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arun Kumar Chanda
| image = Arun Kumar Chanda 2000 stamp of India.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Arun Kumar Chanda on a 2000 stamp of India
| birth_date = 17 February 1899
| birth_place = [[Silchar]], Assam, India
| death_date = 25 April 1947 (Age 48)
| death_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = [[Indian independence activist]] Social worker
| yearsactive =
}}
'''Arun Kumar Chanda''' ({{langx|bn|অরুণ কুমার চন্দ|Orun Kumar Chondo}}; 1899–1947), was an Indian independence activist from [[Cachar]] district of [[Assam]].<ref>[http://maharashtrapost.gov.in/htmldocs/feb2000.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170821/http://maharashtrapost.gov.in/htmldocs/feb2000.htm |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref>.The [[Government of India]] issued a stamp in his honour. He was a social worker and writer who also edited the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] Weekly ''Saptak''. In [[Silchar]], a law college named [[A. K. Chanda Law College]] was established in 1960 in his memory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientiaeducare.com/arun-kumar-chanda-law-college/|title=The law college in Silchar offers legal education through its three-year under graduate program..|last=Gyandarshan Edusolutions Private Limited|date=2017-04-25|website=Educational Portal India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-18}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chanda, Arun Kumar}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Assam]]
[[Category:People from Cachar district]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1937–1946]]

{{India-activist-stub}}

Akanksha Salunkhe

2025-11-06T00:52:38Z

BethIlf498848137: Made First Info From Scratch.

{{Short description|Indian professional squash player (born 1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox squash player
| name = Akanksha Salunkhe
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| nickname =
| country = {{IND}}
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1999|01|24}}
| birth_place = [[Satara district|Satara]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| turnedpro = 2016
| retired =
| plays =
| coach =
| racquet = [[Tecnifibre]]
| website =
| event = Women's singles
| years_active =
| highest_ranking = 62
| date_of_highest_ranking = February 2025
| current_ranking = [https://www.psasquashtour.com/player/akanksha-salunkhe/ 69]
| date_of_current_ranking = March 2025
| WorldOpenresult =
| titles = 5
| finals = 10
| medaltemplates =
| psa_id = akanksha-salunkhe
| updated =
}}
'''Akanksha Salunkhe''' (born 24 January 1999) is an Indian squash player.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/rankings/world_tour?g=women|title=PSA World Tour Rankings - The Professional Squash Association|website=psaworldtour.com|access-date=7 March 2022|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225160934/https://psaworldtour.com/rankings/world_tour?g=women|url-status=dead}}</ref> Salunkhe reached a career high ranking of 62nd [[Women's Squash World Rankings|in the world]] as of February 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.squashinfo.com/player/10058-ronald-palomino |title=Profile and world ranking |website=Squash Info |access-date=4 January 2025 }}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2022, she was India's number one women's player and won the 2022 Guatemala Open.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2nd Guatemala Open Squash PSA Tournament 2022 |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/tournament/2nd-guatemala-open-squash-psa-tournament-2022/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=PSA Squash Tour |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In 2024, Salunkhe won her 3rd PSA title after securing victory in the Open de Couzeix/Limoges during the [[2024–25 PSA Squash Tour]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.squashinfo.com/events/10693-womens-open-de-couzeix-limoges-2024 |title=$12,000 Women's 2ème Open de Couzeix/Limoges 2024, Couzeix Country Club, Couzeix, France |website=Squash Info |access-date=4 January 2025 }}</ref>

==Titles and finals==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Result
! Score
! Ref(s)
|-
| 2025
| SRFI Indian Tour
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anahat Singh]]
| bgcolor="ffa07a"|Loss
| 1–3 (6-11, 11-8, 8-11, 5-11)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2025-03-20 |title=SRFI Indian Tour Squash Championship: Veer in men’s final; Akanksha, Anahat to face off in women’s summit clash |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/srfi-indian-tour-squash-championship-results-scores-veer-chotrani-anahat-singh-akanksha-salunkhe-news/article69353937.ece/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Squash in India]]
* [[India women's national squash team]]

== References ==
<references/>

{{India-squash-bio-stub}}
{{India-sport-bio-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salunkhe, Akanksha}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female squash players]]

Michael Tighe

2025-10-23T15:15:12Z

BethIlf498848137: reworked intro and added references

{{Short description|British Army general (1964–1925)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{for|the trade union leader|Michael F. Tighe}}
[[File:General_Tighe.jpg|thumb|upright|General Tighe in Nairobi, 1915]]

'''Sir Michael Joseph Tighe''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCMG|KCB|CIE|DSO}} (1864–1925) was a [[British Army]] general who served in [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East Africa]] during [[World War I]].

==Biography==
Tighe was born on 21 May 1864. He graduated from [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Sandhurst Military College]] and was commissioned in the [[British Army]] in August 1883; joining the new [[Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians)|Leinster Regiment]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25262|page=4171|date=24 August 1883}}</ref> He served in the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]], in Burma, China, East Africa and Persia, and also received the [[Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar]] (2nd class).
Tighe commanded the [[56th Punjabi Rifles (Frontier Force)|56th Punjabi Rifles]] before retiring in 1913.

He returned to service during [[World War I]], serving as a [[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)|Brigadier-General]] in the [[East African campaign (World War I)|East African campaign]] against the Germans under [[Oberst|Colonel]] [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |year=2007 |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |page=487 |isbn=9780313335365}}</ref> In 1917 he was posted to India and later retired again, with the rank of [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]].

He died in London on 5 September 1925.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tighe, Michael}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment officers]]

Rajeev Masand

2025-10-21T02:58:46Z

BethIlf498848137: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian film critic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox social media personality
| name = Rajeev Masand
| image = Rajeev Masand cropped.jpg
| caption = Masand in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|03|13}}{{Citation needed|date=January 2025|reason=BLP}}
| birth_place = [[Gangtok, Sikkim|Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]], India
| education = [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics]] and [[Mumbai University]]
| occupation = Film critic, writer, media personality
| website = {{url|http://rajeevmasand.com/}}
| youtube_handle = rajmas
| youtube_display_name = Rajeev Masand

| youtube_years_active =
| youtube_genre =
| youtube_subscribers = 550 K
| youtube_views = 
| stats_update = 4 January 2025
}}

'''Rajeev Masand ''' (born 13 March 1976){{Citation needed|date=January 2025|reason=BLP}} is an Indian [[Film criticism|film critic]] and [[Journalism|journalist]]. He has worked for [[Noida]] based English language news channel [[CNN-IBN|CNN-Indian Broadcasting Network (CNN-IBN)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/byline/rajeev-masand.html|title=Rajeev Masand|website=[[News18]]|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> He usually reviews [[Bollywood]] films and major [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] films released in India in his weekend show ''Now Showing''. He has joined [[Dharma Productions]] as a talent manager.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karan Johar’s DCA chief Rajeev Masand admits entourage costs have ‘spiralled irrationally’, says introspection is required when makeup artists make more than writers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rajeev-masand-admits-entourage-costs-have-spiralled-irrationally-karan-johar-dharma-9944928/#:~:text=Rajeev%20Masand%20serves%20as%20the,project%20down%20with%20extra%20costs. |work=The Indian Express |date=15 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Masand studied at [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics]] and graduated from [[Mumbai University]], Masand started reporting at the age of 16 at ''[[The Times of India]]'' newspaper. He later became assistant editor at ''[[The Indian Express]]''.<ref>[http://www.rajeevmasand.com/about/ Rajeev Masand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903134108/http://rajeevmasand.com/about/ |date=3 September 2023 }} Retrieved 12 October 2017.</ref> In January 2003, he joined [[STAR News]] as a special correspondent and as the host of ''Masand Ki Pasand''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uk.startv.com/starnews/pop_rajivmasand.htm|title=Rajeev Masand Introduction|publisher=[[STAR News]]|access-date=20 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921230738/http://www.uk.startv.com/starnews/pop_rajivmasand.htm|archive-date=21 September 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2005, Masand moved to [[CNN-IBN]] where he is currently{{Clarify|need date|date=February 2019}} the film critic and runs an ongoing video reviews series on the CNN-IBN website, ''Masand's Verdict''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://features.ibnlive.in.com/indepth/film-review-masand-verdict.html|title=Film Reviews: Masand's Verdict|publisher=IBNLive|access-date=20 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027094644/http://features.ibnlive.in.com/indepth/film-review-masand-verdict.html|archive-date=27 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also became the host of CNN-IBN's entertainment series, ''To Catch a Star''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/dec/dec308.htm|title=CNN-IBN lines up various specials to bied adieu to 2006|publisher=Indian Television|date=30 December 2008|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k8/aug/aug185.php|title=CNN-IBN to launch third season of To Catch a Star|publisher=Indian Television|date=20 August 2008|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

== Career ==
Masand also has a popular YouTube channel, where he posts weekly his film reviews (filmed as [[CNN-News18]]'s 'Now Showing' segments, which are also posted concurrently to their channel) and regular interviews with key figures in the entertainment industry (both Indian and occasionally International), mostly actors and directors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvapa0SZ7_vwks-OtvFBqDw|title=Rajeev Masand|website=YouTube}}</ref>

Additionally, he writes as an entertainment-industry columnist for several publications, such as [[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]], [[Firstpost]], [[News18]], [[The Quint]] and for his own website, ''Rajeevmasand.com''.

Among other recognitions, Masand was thrice awarded ‘Best Entertainment Critic’ by the National Television (NT) Awards, in 2008, 2010 and 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajeevmasand.com/admin/about/|title=About « Rajeev Masand – movies that matter : from bollywood, hollywood and everywhere else}}</ref>

==Criticism==
Masand was called for questioning by [[Mumbai Police]] in connection with [[Sushant Singh Rajput]]'s death. Masand has been accused by actress [[Kangana Ranaut]] of writing [[blind item]]s (in which details are reported without identifying the people involved or revealing sources) to discredit Rajput.<ref name="Kangana Ranaut lashes out">{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-lashes-out-at-bollywood-film-critic-rajeev-masand-1.72716428 |title=Kangana Ranaut lashes out at Bollywood film critic Rajeev Masand |work=[[Gulf News]] |date=21 July 2020 |access-date=28 August 2020 |author=Radhakrishnan, Manjusha}}</ref> Actor [[Manoj Bajpayee]] and filmmaker [[Apurva Asrani]] also called out Masand over his blind items on Rajput.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/sushant-singh-rajput-suicide-film-critic-rajeev-masand-to-be-questioned-by-mumbai-police-over-alleged-blind-articles-2297235.html|title=Sushant Singh Rajput suicide: Film critic Rajeev Masand to be questioned by Mumbai Police over alleged blind articles|date= 21 July 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official|rajeevmasand.com}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080517125947/http://www.ibnlive.com/blogs/author/224/rajeevmasand.html Blog at IBNLive]
*{{IMDb name|2594763}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Masand, Rajeev}}
[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:Indian male television journalists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]
{{Authority control}}

Jayram Gamit

2025-10-21T02:22:23Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Jayrambhai Chemabhai Gamit''' (born 1975)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr.Jayrambhai Chemabhai Gamit(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- NIZAR (ST)(TAPI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5161 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Nizar Assembly constituency, which is reserved for the Scheduled Tribe community, in [[Tapi district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Nizar Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Dr.jayrambhai Chemabhai Gamit Wins From Nizar , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/nizar-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568337 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Election Results 2022: Full list of winners & constituencies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-constituencies/articleshow/96105904.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="Who are the 19 new ministers in Gujarat cabinet? Know here2">{{cite news |date=21 October 2025 |title=Who are the 19 new ministers in Gujarat cabinet? Know here |url=https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/who-are-the-19-new-ministers-in-gujarat-cabinet-know-here |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021020536/https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/who-are-the-19-new-ministers-in-gujarat-cabinet-know-here |archivedate=21 October 2025 |accessdate=21 October 2025 |work=english..com |publisher=Gujarat Samachar |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat Cabinet reshuffle: 3 women ministers, but none given Cabinet rank">{{cite news |date=17 October 2025 |title=Gujarat Cabinet reshuffle: 3 women ministers, but none given Cabinet rank |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-cabinet-reshuffle-3-women-ministers-but-none-given-cabinet-rank-10313006/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021021332/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-cabinet-reshuffle-3-women-ministers-but-none-given-cabinet-rank-10313006/ |archive-date=21 October 2025 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gamit is from Nizar, Tapi district, Gujarat. He is the son of Chemabhai Gamit. He completed his Ph.D. in 2019 at Veer Narmad South Gujarat University.<ref name=":0" /> He is a leader of the tribal community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johari |first=Aarefa |date=2017-11-06 |title=In Gujarat’s Adivasi belt, BJP has to contend with Bhilistan separatists, boycotts and ‘big people’ |url=https://scroll.in/article/856382/in-gujarats-adivasi-belt-bjp-has-to-contend-with-bhilistan-separatists-boycotts-and-big-people |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gamit won from [[Nizar Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 97,461 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Sunilbhai Gamit of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 23,160 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=General election to Vidhan Sabha trends and results December 2022 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06172.htm?ac=172 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nizar Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Dr.Jayrambhai Chemabhai Gamit of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/nizar-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562441.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrabi |first=Saima |date=2022-12-08 |title=Nizar Election Result 2022 Live Updates: BJP Wins in This Gujarat Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/nizar-election-result-2022-live-news-updates-bjp-aap-congress-gujarat-counting-of-votes-today |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gamit, Jayram}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Tapi district]]
[[Category:Veer Narmad South Gujarat University]]

Tusharkanti Behera

2025-09-29T23:57:00Z

BethIlf498848137: created a post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kakatpur Assembly constituency|Kakatpur]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Surendra Sethi
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| image =
}}
'''Tusharkanti Behera''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Kakatpur Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kakatpur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kakatpur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917527.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kakatpur, Odisha Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJD's Tusharkanti Behera with 84010 defeats BJP's Baidhar Malik |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/kakatpur-odisha-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548488-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Behera, Tusharkanti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy

2025-09-02T01:25:20Z

BethIlf498848137: Done

{{Short description|Telugu writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy
| image = File:Gidugu Ramamurthy.png
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1863|8|29}}
| birth_place = Parvathalapeta, [[Srimukhalingam]], [[Srikakulam district]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1940|1|22|1863|8|29}}
| death_place = [[Srikakulam]]
| birth_name =
| other_names = Rao sahib, Kalaprapoorna
| website =
| spouse =
}}

[[File:Gidugu Ramamurthy1.JPG|thumb|Information plate about Gidugu Ramamurthy below the Statue.]]
'''Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy''' (1863-1940) was a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] writer and one of the earliest modern Telugu linguists and social visionaries during the British rule. He championed the cause of using a language comprehensible to the common man (‘Vyavaharika Bhasha’) as opposed to the scholastic language (‘Grandhika Bhasha’).<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA307|access-date=25 August 2013|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|pages=307–}}</ref><ref name="Rau1976">{{cite book|author=M. Chalapathi Rau|title=Gurazada Commemorative Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQsKAQAAIAAJ|access-date=25 August 2013|year=1976|publisher=South Delhi Andhra Association|page=47}}</ref><ref name="DattaAkademi1994">{{cite book|author1=Amaresh Datta|author2=Sahitya Akademi|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc5jAAAAMAAJ|access-date=25 August 2013|year=1994|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=4113|isbn=9780836422832}}</ref><ref name=thehindu>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/scripting-a-change/article3867910.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Gudipoodi | last=Srihari | title=Scripting a change | date=7 September 2012}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Gidugu Ramamurthy was born at Parvatalapeta, Srikakulam near [[Vamsadhara River]] on the border of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], then part of [[Madras Presidency]]. His father Veeraraju worked as revenue inspector and died when Ramamurthy was just 12 years old. It was a struggle for him to survive.
He studied privately and passed his matriculation, staying in his sister's house and began his life as a teacher in Gajapati Maharaja School, [[Parlakimidi]] for 55 years.

Albeit being a historian as well, Ramamurthy was unable to read ‘Sasanas’ on stone tablets clearly.
To understand them he studied books that were imported by Vizianagaram Maharaja's son Kumara Raja. He studied various language scripts and after deciphering the ‘Sasanas’ he wrote books on languages and scripts.

Ramamurthy had studied many languages and comprehended the philosophy of language. He pleaded for lucidity in text books. In his time there was only a poetic approach and never was a prosaic treat. He launched a monthly titled Telugu to drive his point.<ref name="thehindu"/>

Gidugu gave a social base to [[Telugu literature]] and rendered services to the tribals, especially the [[Savara people|Savaras]], in [[Parlakimidi]] area of [[Srikakulam]] agency area and tirelessly worked for the development of tribal languages.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/30/stories/2005083018990200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018081656/http://hindu.com/2005/08/30/stories/2005083018990200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Tributes paid to Gidugu Ramamurthy | date=30 August 2005}}</ref> He gave Savara language a script and prepared lexicons. During his research for Savara language, he had to travel in the forests resulting in excessive use of quinine due to which he became deaf.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/30/stories/2009083059990900.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902160304/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/30/stories/2009083059990900.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 September 2009 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Tributes paid to Gidugu Rammurthy | date=30 August 2009}}</ref>

== Fight for ‘Vyavaharika Bhasha’==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}

The language of the sasanas (inscriptions), the language loaded with Sanskrit diction of the kavyas, and the language spoken every day, were not the same. For many of the Telugu speakers themselves, kavya bhasha is mostly incomprehensible. The grandhika bhasha ("written language") then taught in schools and colleges did not promote the skills necessary either for understanding or communicating effectively in real life situations. The development of people depends on their language skills. When scholarship is limited to the creamy layers of society because of the difficulty in learning language, the rest of the society is denied access and opportunity for development.
Gidugu was an eminent language visionary. As a pedagogue he was decades ahead of his time. He recognized the primacy of oracy and the efficacy of the by now accepted 'direct method' of language teaching. For teaching Telugu, he wanted the spoken language to be the medium of instruction. This engulfed him in a war with the orthodox Sanskrit-educated pundits, which sometimes turned vitriolic. Due to Gidugu's tenacity and commitment, sishta vyavaharika (standard, current, and spoken language) gained currency and acceptance.
To drive home his pedagogic, literary, humanistic, and modernizing thoughts, Gidugu boldly, untiringly and persuasively used the press, publications, the public platform, social discourse, and even pamphleteering, never once losing his cool and objectivity in argument. Between 1910 and 1914 he went about talking, arguing, convincing, making rapid strides even in the face of stiff opposition. Balakavisaranyam, Gadya Chintamani, Andhra Pandita Bhishakkula Bhasha Bheshajam and Vyasavali are his efforts to convince and plead with his opponents to see reason.
Ramamurthy saw in his own lifetime people seeing his point and rallying round him.
[[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]] Pantulu founded Vartamana Vyavaaharikandhra Bhasha Parivartaka Samajam and as its president endorsed Gidugu's views.
Andhra Sahitya Parshat, Kakinada, withdrew from the fight in 1924.
In 1933, Abhinavandhra Kavi Panditasabha, under the chairmanship of [[Chilukuri Narayana Rao]] Pantulu, resolved that modern vyavaharika must be the medium of instruction.
In 1936 a journal was started publishing articles in the current cultivated Telugu.
In 1937, [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] started a periodical in this style.
The government and the universities had to listen to reason. Today, the cultivated current Telugu (J. a. Yates's phrase) is the medium of instruction, of examination, and even thesis writing.

== Works ==
*‘Kalinga (Orissa) Charitra’
*Developed language script and prepared lexicons for the ‘[[Savara people|Savara]]’ people (Munda tribe)<ref name="Veṅkaṭarāmamūrti1931">{{cite book|author=Giḍugu Veṅkaṭarāmamūrti|title=A Manual of the So:ra: (or Savara) Language ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JI4QAQAAIAAJ|access-date=25 August 2013|year=1931|publisher=Superintendent, Government Press}}</ref>
*Sora-English Dictionary<ref name="Veṅkaṭarāmamūrti1986">{{cite book|author=Giḍugu Veṅkaṭarāmamūrti|title=Sora-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma5YB0cIJ_kC&pg=PP1|access-date=25 August 2013|year=1986|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=1–|id=GGKEY:GGSNPA3C56U}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.southasiabibliography.de/Bibliography/Austroasiatic/Munda/Sora/sora.html |title=Sora |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001221508/http://www.southasiabibliography.de/Bibliography/Austroasiatic/Munda/Sora/sora.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Savara Patalu<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/09/stories/2009070960490600.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712073011/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/09/stories/2009070960490600.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 July 2009 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Telugu comes to aid of tribal language | date=9 July 2009}}</ref>

== Honors ==
*The British Government conferred on him the title of '''Rao Saheb'''<ref name=RS>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&dq=%22Gidugu+Venkata+Ramamurthy%22+%22rao+saheb%22&pg=PA4112 Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot], edited by Mohan Lal; published 1992 by Sahitya Akademi]; "the son of Rao Saheb Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy, a pioneer of the movement for ''Vyahavarika bhasha'', colloquial language'</ref> not for loyalty to the Crown but for his service to the Savaras, to pedagogy and to Telugu.
*The British Government conferred on him the title of "Kaisar-i-Hind Medal" on him in the year of 1933 for his services
*The [[Telugu language day|Telugu Language Day]] is celebrated on his birthday 29 August.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=Telugu Language Day on August 29|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article594958.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 June 2013|date=26 August 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
*Nicknamed as '''pidugu''' (a thunderbolt) rhyming with his surname, Gidugu
*European linguisticians like Jules Bloch and Daniel Jones recognized his work on Munda linguistics as pioneering and original. {{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

== Research on Gidugu's Work ==
A number of scholars, linguists, and teachers have discussed Gidugu's work and written about his achievement. Most important among them are
*Telugu Bhasha Charitra edited by Professor Bh. Krishna Murty
*Vyavaharika Bhasha Vikasam by Dr. Boodaraju Radhakrishna
*Maroo Sari Gidugu Ramamoorty edited by Professor C. Rama Rao.
*Late Burra Seshagiri Rao of Bharathi Thirtha fame, David Stampe and J. A. Yates are among many others who recorded their admiration for Gidugu's work.
*Stanley Strarosta, well-known linguist and professor at the University of Hawaii, dedicated his Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Wisconsin to Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
*Gidugu Rammurthy Jeevitham Rachanalu ( Gidugu Rammurthy's life story ) by professor Dr. Dasarathula Narsaiah

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cite book|author=Lisa Mitchell|title=Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India: The Making of a Mother Tongue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBchTO0NS0EC&pg=PA250|access-date=25 August 2013|year=2009|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-22069-1|pages=250–}}
*{{cite book|author1=Bhadriraju Krishnamurti|author2=Colin P. Masica|author3=Anjani Kumar Sinha|title=South Asian Languages: Structure, Convergence and Diglossia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3r5qwN_UJ_4C&pg=PR18|access-date=25 August 2013|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0033-5|pages=18–}}
*{{cite book|author=Gurazada Centenary Committee|title=The Gurazada souvenir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62xYAAAAMAAJ|access-date=25 August 2013|year=1962|publisher=Gurazada Centenary Committee, Andhra Pradesh}}
*{{cite book|author=Eṃ Kulaśēkhararāvu|title=A History of Telugu Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpAOAAAAYAAJ|access-date=25 August 2013|year=1988|publisher=For copies, M. Indira Devi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramamoorty, Gidugu Venkata}}
[[Category:Telugu writers]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Uttarandhra]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:People from the Madras Presidency]]

Arvari River

2025-08-26T04:40:54Z

BethIlf498848137: improved article

{{Short description|River in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Arvari River
| image = Arvari_River.jpg
| image_caption = Arvari River at Hamirpur village
| source1 = Sakra Dam near Thanagazi in [[Alwar district|Alwar District]], [[Rajasthan]]
| mouth = Confluence with [[Yamuna]] in [[Mainpuri district]] of Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = India
| length = 45 km (28 mi)
| basin_size = 492 km2 (190 mi2)
| source1_coordinates =
| custom_label = Notable Features
| custom_data = Flow restoration after 60 years, Arvari Parliament formation
}}
The '''Arvari River''', which originates in [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] range, is a small [[river]] flowing through the [[Alwar District]] of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It has a total length of {{cvt|45|km|mi}} and a total basin area of {{cvt|492|km2}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=6. Technical Report for A CUSTOMIZED GIS APPLICATION SOFTWARE For ARVARI WATERSHED YEAR 2008|publisher=Tarun Bharat Sangh, Bhikampura, Alwar, Rajasthan|year=2008}}</ref> Downstream of the Sainthal Sagar dam on Arvari, the Arvari river meets Sarsa River to become the Sanwan River. The Sanwan meets the Tildah and [[Banganga River (Rajasthan)|Banganga]] rivers to converge with the [[Gambhir River (Rajasthan)|Gambhir]] (also known as the Utang river). Gambhir then converges with the [[Yamuna]] in [[Mainpuri district]] of Uttar Pradesh, Yamuna converges with [[Ganges]] at [[Triveni Sangam]] in [[Prayagraj]].<ref name=rr1>{{Cite book|title=Arvari Sansad|last=Tiwari|first=Arun|publisher=Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS)|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=rr2>{{Cite book|title=Sikhti Sikhati Arvari Nadi|last=Singh|first=Rajendra|publisher=TBS|year=2014}}</ref><ref name=rr3>{{Cite book|title=STORY OF RIVULET ARVARI (From DEATH TO REBIRTH)|last=Patel|first=Jashbhai|publisher=TBS|year=1997}}</ref>

It is notable for having its flow restored after being dry for 60 years. This process began in 1986, and required the efforts of the people of the Bhanota-Kolyala village, with the help of Dr. [[Rajendra Singh (environmentalist)|Rajendra Singh]]. The villages that lay in the river's [[Drainage basin|catchment area]] built earthen dams, with largest being 244 m long and 7 m wide. Following the construction of 375 dams, the river started to flow again, becoming a [[Perennial stream|perennial]] river in 1995.<ref name="hindcharles" /> The Arvari River Parliament was formed in 1998 to help maintain the health of the river.

== Basin ==

Key features are as follows:
* Total basin area: 492 km2
* Total Length of flowing river: 45 km
* Length of river: 35 km
* Total water structures: 402 <ref name=":0" />

=== Origin===

The river Arvari originates in the Sakra Dam near Thanagazi in the [[Alwar district|Alwar District]]. The northern catchment area of the river is around Kankad ki dhani. Of the two sources of the river, one source originates from Bhairudev Public Wildlife Sanctuary near the village Bhavta Kaliyal (Bhuriyawas), the other near Amka and Jodhula. There is a third stream close to second source, which is lost into the ground. The two streams meet near Ajabgarh- Pratapgarh, at Palasana ka Pahad. From this point, the river is called Arvari and runs down to the village Hamirpur to meet Nahar Nala, a stream from the west.<ref>{{Cite book|title=1. Seekhti Sikhati Arvari Nadi|last=Singh|first=Rajendra|publisher=Tarun Bharat Sangh|date=May 2014}}</ref>

===Drainage ===
[[File:Arvari_River.jpg|thumb|Arvari River at Hamirpur village]]
Another tributary, the Bidila river, originates in Jamwa Ramgargh, Jaipur, and augments the Arvari. The augmented river joins an equally large tributary originating around Lothabas in the west near Romewala, then passing through the Jaitpur Gujrun, Rasayawala and Rayanwala regions. Here, the Aravari becomes large enough to feed its own reservoir, Sainthal Sagar, which was formed by a large dam on the same river. Following the dam, the Arvari river meets Sarsa to become the Sanwan River. The Sanwan meets the Tildah and [[Banganga River (Rajasthan)|Banganga]] to join the Gambhir, also known as the Utang river. Gambhir then meets the Yamuna near Prayaraj in [[Allahabad]].<ref name=rr1/><ref name=rr2/><ref name=rr3/>

== Conservation ==

=== Arvari Sansad (Arvari Parliament) ===

Following the rebirth of the Arvari river in 1996, led by community efforts, the issue of Arvari's ownership remained. The Government of Rajasthan's claim over the river, was heavily opposed by locals who had worked for years to restore the waterway. The state government awarded contracts for fishing in the Arvari river without the knowledge of the people of different villages residing on the bank of the river, which affected the lives and livelihoods of residents, giving rise to protests and non-cooperation.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

The state government then filed a case against the local community of the Arvari basin upon the issue of ownership. The high court passed judgement stating that the state government would maintain ownership of the river until a designated system was established by the people, resulting in people from 72 villages coming forward to form the Arvari Parliament. The main purpose of the Arvari Parliament is to monitor and care for the water bodies of the Arvari River, and plan the usage of water and related issues to ensure the sustainability of the river. Owing to successful water harvesting methods, the Arvari river has become a perennial river from a seasonal water body.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT: CHECK DAMS IN STATE OF GUJARAT (INDIA)|url=http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/wh/docs/Singh.doc|access-date=2008-02-12|work=Man mohan singh|format=MS word doc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FROM THE DIALECTIC TO THE DIALOGIC: GENERATIVE ORGANIZING FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION – A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY IN INDIA|url=http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi?acc_num=case1145044613|access-date=2008-02-12|work=Latha Poonamallee, Pg54|format=PDF}}</ref>

Through the community centre's water management approach, on 26 January 1999, 162 members from the Arvari basin formed the Arvari Parliament. The parliament meets biannually, the meetings six months apart. The first session of the Arvari Parliament was held in Hamirpur village from 27 to 28 January 1999, under the chairmanship of Shri. Siddharaj Dadhadha. The 36th session took place on 23 December 2018 at Tarun Bharat Sangh, Bheekampura, Alwar district, Rajasthan, under the chairmanship of Shri. Ram Pratap Meena.<ref>{{cite web|title=RWH|url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/Bhaonta-Kolyala.htm|access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref>

The members of the Arvari Parliament were awarded for the community work of River Rejuvenation by the contemporary President of India, Shri. K. R. Narayanan, on 28 March 2000. This was the first time in the history of India where the President officially recognized a community for such work, rather than the Rastrapati Bhavan. On 3 November 2003, [[Prince Charles]] visited the Arvari River basin to recognize the work of the community and was escorted by Dr. Rajendra Singh and members of the local community.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

'''A sub-branch to the Parliament, the Arvari River Child Parliament''' was formed on 20 August 2013 with the aim of providing education on responsible water management to the next generation residents in the Arvari river basin.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

=== Rejuvenation of Arvari River ===

In 1985, a drought in the region dried the river bed, and the river was lost. The TBS, along with the local community, started work for water on the river basin of Arvari in 1987 to restore the river. As a result of this, in 1996, the Arvari river started flowing throughout the year.<ref name=":1" />

The river was awarded the International River Prize in 2004. In March 2000, then President, [[K. R. Narayanan]], visited the area to present the "[[Down To Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]] — Joseph. C. John Award" to the villagers. [[Rajendra Singh (environmentalist)|Dr. Rajendra Singh]] was awarded the [[Magsaysay Award]] in 2001.<ref name=hindcharles>{{cite news |title=Charles lauds the 'water warriors' |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/03/stories/2003110304091200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031117155820/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/03/stories/2003110304091200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 November 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 November 2003 }}</ref><ref name=front>{{cite web |title=The water man of Rajasthan |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1817/18170810.htm |date=18–31 August 2001 |publisher=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]], Volume 18 - Issue 17 }}</ref><ref name=bio>{{cite web |title=Biography of Rajendra Singh |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/pdfbio/RajendraSingh.pdf |year=2001 |publisher=[[Magsaysay Award]] website |access-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915160745/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/pdfbio/RajendraSingh.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Sahibi River]]
* [[List of rivers of Rajasthan]]
* [[List of rivers of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Subhajyoti Das|first=R. H. Sawkar|title=Geological Society of India, Bangalore 2016|journal=Integrated and Sustainable Water Management: Science and Technology|pages=14, 15, 16}}
*Syed Hasnat, "Arvari Sansad: The Farmers’ Parliament". ''LEISA Magazine'', December 2005.

{{Refend}}{{Hydrography of Rajasthan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Rivers of Rajasthan]]

Ghar Shrimantacha

2025-07-16T17:18:48Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{onesource|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Ghar Shrimantacha
| writer = Hemant Edlabadkar
| director = Harshad Joshi
}}

'''Ghar Shrimantacha''' is a Marathi theater play starring ''[[Sudhir Joshi]]'', ''[[Aasha Kale]]'', ''[[Atul Parchure]]'', ''[[Neelam Shirke]]'' and ''[[Shekhar Fadke]]'' in leading roles. It portrays the life a middle class Marathi family.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rajshrimarathi.com/video/184/marathi-natak-ghar-shrimantacha-part-1-sudhir-joshi-amp-aasha-kale/ |title=Marathi Natak - Ghar Shrimantacha - Part 1 - Sudhir Joshi & Aasha Kale |access-date=2014-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522140924/http://www.rajshrimarathi.com/video/184/marathi-natak-ghar-shrimantacha-part-1-sudhir-joshi-amp-aasha-kale/ |archive-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==

The play takes us through the life of a middle class Maharashtrian family, the Kulkarnis. Mr. Kulkarni ([[Sudhir Joshi]]), his wife Neela ([[Aasha Kale]]) and their children Prashant ([[Shekhar Fadke]]) and Seema ([[Neelam Shirke]]) stay in a rented apartment. The family own 10 ''[[Shaligram]]s''. They are not from a well to do family. They get to know that one of the Shaligram stone has a gem inside it. They sell it to earn 6 Lakh rupees, which improves the financial condition.

The children propose to sell the remaining Shaligrams to earn more money. Kulkarni agrees to get the stones verified from the local goldsmith, but Neela apposes it as the Shaligrams are sacred stones.

This competition of money versus tradition leads to a tiff in the family. The play depicts how the tiff is solved by the parents in a playful and light manner.

==References==
<references />


[[Category:Indian plays]]
[[Category:Marathi-language plays]]

Malampuzha Dam

2025-07-15T22:50:15Z

BethIlf498848137: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Malampuzha Dam
| name_official =
[[File:Malampuzha-dam-2019.jpg|thumb|Malampuzha Dam panoramic shot]]
| image = File:Malampuzha Dam Navas 10.jpg
| dam_crosses = [[Malampuzha river]]
| res_name = Malampuzha Reservoir
| location = [[Palakkad District]], [[Kerala]]
| dam_length = 2,069 m
| dam_height = 115.06 m
| dam_width_base =
| construction_began = March 1949
| opening = 9 October 1955
| res_capacity_total = 226 million cubic metres<ref name="Brief about project">{{cite web|title=Malampuzha Dam, Brief about project|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Malampuzha_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI02667|website=India-WRIS, National Remote Sensing Centre}}</ref> (8 tmc ft)
| res_catchment = 147.63 sq. km.
| res_surface =
| location_map = India#India Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|10|49|49.8|N|76|41|1.5|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Malampuzha Dam''' is the largest dam and [[reservoir]] in [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Register of Large Dams {{!}} Central Water Commission, Ministry of jal shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, GoI|url=http://cwc.gov.in/national-register-large-dams|website=cwc.gov.in|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> located near [[Palakkad]], in the state of [[Kerala]] in [[South India]], built post-independence by the then [[Madras state]]. Situated in the scenic hills of the [[Western Ghats]] in the background, it is a combination of a [[masonry dam]] with a length of 1,849 metres and an [[earthen dam]] with a length of 220 metres making it the longest dam in the state.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/19/stories/2005081910440300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107154830/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/19/stories/2005081910440300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2009-11-07
|title=Malampuzha dam to celebrate Golden Jubilee
|access-date=2008-02-05
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2005-08-19
}}
</ref> The dam is 355 feet high and impounds the [[Malampuzha River]], a tributary of [[Bharathappuzha]], Kerala's second-longest river. There is a network of two canal systems that serve the dam's [[reservoir]] of 42,090 hectares.<ref name=malampuzha>{{cite web
|url=http://www.malampuzhadam.com/about-malampuzha.php
|title=About Malampuzha Dam
}}
</ref>

==Construction==
The dam project was begun in 1949 and completed in 1955. foundation stone for the project was laid on 27 March 1949, by the then Public Works Minister of [[Madras State]], Sri [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]] as Palakkad was a part of the [[Madras Presidency]] during those times. The dam was constructed in record time, and on 9 October 1955, the then Chief Minister of Madras State, Thiru. [[K. Kamaraj|K Kamaraj]], inaugurated the dam. The total catchment area is 147.63 square kilometres,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Malampuzha Project {{!}} Irrigation-kerala |url=https://irrigation-kerala.org/malampuzha-project |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=irrigation-kerala.org}}{{dead link|date=December 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and the reservoir has a capacity of 226 million cubic meters <ref name=":0" /> of water. The canal systems serve to irrigate farmland while the reservoir provides drinking water to Palakkad and surrounding villages.<ref name=malampuzha/> The dam was constructed by the Madras government but upon the Creation of linguistically reorganized states, the Malabar District encompassing the Dam became a part of the Kerala State.

==Location==
15 km from Palakkad city, North Kerala. Attractions: Dam, amusement park, boating facilities, [[Malampuzha Rock Garden|rock garden]] and ropeway.

Around the reservoir of the dam are gardens and amusement parks. Boating facilities are available on the lake.

==Getting there==

Nearest railway station: Palakkad Junction - 14 km <ref name=distance>{{cite web
|url=http://www.malampuzhadam.com/how-to-reach.php
|title=How to Reach Malampuzha Dam
}}
</ref>

Nearest airport: Coimbatore, 55 km from Malampuzha Dam <ref name=malampuzha1>{{cite web
|url=http://www.malampuzhadam.com/
|title=Malampuzha Dam - Distance from Towns
}}
</ref>

[[File:MALAMPUZHA DAM OUTLET WATER CANAL.jpg|thumb|MALAMPUZHA DAM OUTLET WATER CANAL]]

==Main Attractions==
[[File:Malampuzha Garden 10.jpg|thumbnail|The fish shaped aquarium]]
* Entrance Garden
* Yakshi Garden
* [[Yakshi (sculpture)|Yakshi Statue]]
* Japanese Garden
* Upper Garden and viewpoint
* Cable car ride
* Fish shaped aquarium
* Toy train for kids
* Fantasy Park
* Spiced fruits camp
* Trekking tracks
* River baths

==Picture gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Malampuzha-dam-2019.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 01.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 02.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 03.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 04.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 05.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 06.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 07.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 08.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 09.jpg
File:Anaikkattu 10.jpg
File:Malampuzha Dam Reservoir 1.jpg|Malampuzha Dam Reservoir 1
File:Malampuzha, Palakkad, India. 4.jpg|Japanese Garden
File:Malampuzha Garden 4.jpg|Garden with a mountain background
File:Malampuzha Garden 8.jpg|Wide view
File:Malampuzha Garden Chess Board Park.JPG|Chess Board Park
File:Malampuzha Garden Japaneese Garden 1.JPG|Japanese Garden
File:Malampuzha Garden Maze Park.JPG|Maze Park
File:Malampuzha Garden Sunken Garden.JPG|Sunken Garden
File:Malampuzha Garden Swimming Pool Board.JPG|Swimming Pool
File:Malampuzha Snake park.JPG|Snake Park
File:Malampuzha panchayat community hall.JPG|Village Hall
File:Boomerango.JPG|The Fantasy Park
File:Malampuzha dam.jpg|Malampuzha Dam
File:Malampuzha Garden2.jpg|Malampuzha Garden
File:Malampuzha Garden 3.jpg|Garden
File:Malampuzha Garden4.jpg|Garden
File:Malampuzha Garden Entrance.JPG|Malampuzha Dam Entrance
File:Malampuzha Dam3.jpg|Entrance
File:Malampuzha Garden2.jpg|Garden
File:Yakshi scuplture.jpg|Yakshi sculpture
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of dams and reservoirs in India]]
*[[Kuttippuram bridge]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Malampuzha Dam}}{{commons category|Malampuzha Garden}}
*[http://www.kerala-green-hills.com/malampuzha-mountain-river.html#GreenHills Malampuzha - Mountain River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117034405/http://www.kerala-green-hills.com/malampuzha-mountain-river.html#GreenHills |date=17 November 2011 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080907133549/http://www.growfish.com.au/cat_content.asp?contentid=9299&catid=116 Prawn harvest 2006–2007]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121107021305/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/05/stories/2006080503390500.htm Record water storage in Malayalam dam in 2006]
*[http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/resources/statistics/stat233.htm Statewise and riverwise distribution of large dams]
*[http://fundayholidays.com/packages/kerala-attractions-destinations Kerala Attractions]

{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Dams in Kerala}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Kerala]]
[[Category:Amusement parks in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1949]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bharathappuzha]]
[[Category:Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Dams in Palakkad district]]

Dipayan Chakraborty

2025-07-04T17:56:05Z

BethIlf498848137:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
| name = Dipayan Chakraborty
| birth_name =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence =Tarapur, [[Silchar]], [[Assam]]
| office1 = [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Member of Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Silchar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silchar]]
| term_start1 = 21 May 2021
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =[[Dilip Kumar Paul]]
| successor1 =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| children = |
| father =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source =
}}
'''Dipayan Chakraborty''' is an Indian politician from Assam and a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Silchar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silchar constituency]] in the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipayan Chakraborty(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SILCHAR(SILCHAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/Assam2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=331|access-date=2021-06-01|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipayan Chakraborty {{!}} Assam Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/assam/dipayan-chakraborty-silchar-candidate-s03a009c002/|access-date=2021-06-01|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=2021-03-25|title=Dipayan Chakraborty from Silchar: Early Life, Controversy & Political Career - Sentinelassam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-election-2021/candidates/phase2/dipayan-chakraborty-from-silchar-early-life-controversy-political-career-530480|access-date=2021-06-01|website=www.sentinelassam.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Dipayan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Cachar district]]

{{Assam-BJP-politician-stub}}