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Arunachalesvara Temple

2026-05-07T06:48:33Z

Basavaraj: new the place basic info!

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India}}
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{{Infobox temple
| name = Arunachalesvara Temple
| native_name = Annamalaiyar Temple
| image = Arunachalam temple from a nearby hill.jpg
| alt = Set of temple towers with urban centre and hill range in the background
| caption = View of the temple complex from the [[Arunachala]] hill
| map_type = Tamil Nadu#India
| map_caption = Location within Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|12|13|53.76|N|79|4|1.92|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]
| locale = [[Tiruvannamalai]]
| deity = Annamalaiyar ([[Shiva]]) Unnamulai Ammai ([[Parvati]])
| temple_tank = 360 sacred tirthas
| festivals = {{Bulleted list | [[Karthika Deepam|Karthigai Deepam]] | [[Maha Shivaratri]] | Thai Thiruvudal Utsavam | Maasi Magam | Aani Thirumanjanam | Margazhi Thiruvathirai | Thiruvempavai Utsavam}}
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]{{sfn|Melton|2014|p=610}}
| year_completed = 9th century CE
| creator = [[Chola Empire|Cholas]]
| website = {{url|https://annamalaiyar.hrce.tn.gov.in/}}
}}
The '''Arunachalesvara Temple''' or '''Annamalaiyar Temple''', is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]], located at the foothills of the [[Arunachala]] hill in [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is regarded as one of the significant temples in the [[Shaiva Siddhanta|Tamil Shaivite]] tradition. It is one of the [[Pancha Bhuta Sthalam]]s and is associated with the element of fire ([[Agni]]) among the five natural elements. The presiding [[Hindu god|deity]] of the temple is Annamalaiyar (meaning "the mountain that cannot be reached"), who is worshipped as the embodiment of the hill itself, and is represented by a [[lingam]] known as the ''Agni Lingam'', symbolizing the element of fire. Parvathi, revered as Unnamulai ammai, is represented by the [[yoni]], with her idol referred to as the ''Agni Yoni''.{{sfn|Singh|Brown|Elliott|Harding|2009|p=418}}{{sfn|Abram|Edwards|Ford|Jacobs|2011|p=456}}

The temple is classified as one of the [[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]s, one of the 276 sacred Saivite temples glorified in medieval Tamil Shaiva literature. It is celebrated in canonical Tamil devotional works such as the ''[[Tevaram]]'' composed by the [[Nayanars]] in 7th century CE, ''[[Tiruvempavai]]'' by [[Manikkavacakar]] in 9th century CE, and ''[[Tiruppukal]]'' by [[Arunagirinathar]] in the 14th century CE.

The present structure was built during the [[Chola Empire]] in the 9th century CE, while later expansions were done during the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara rule]] (13th to 15th century CE). The temple complex covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest in India.{{sfn|Bajwa|Kaur|2008|p=1069}} It has four large [[gopuram]]s (ornamental gateway towers), with the east tower being the tallest at {{cvt|66|m}} with 11 stories.{{sfn|Bajwa|Kaur|2008|p=1069}} The temple has numerous shrines, dedicated to various Hindu gods, and houses severallarge halls, the notable of which is the thousand-pillared hall built during the Vijayanagara rule. The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

The temple has six daily rituals, performed between 5:30 a.m. and 10:00 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals. During the [[Karthika Deepam|Karthigai Deepam]] festival, celebrated during the [[purnima]] day in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of [[Karthigai]], and a large beacon is lit atop the Arunachala hill. The beacon, which can be seen from miles around, symbolizes the [[jyotirlinga]] form of Shiva, which extended as a pillar of fire.{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock|2009|p=827–828}} The event attracts million of pilgrims, who often circumambulate the hill called [[girivalam]].{{sfn|Bajwa|Kaur|2008|p=1069}}{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock|2009|p=827–828}}

== Etymology ==
Annamalai is derived from a combination of two [[Tamil language]] words with "Anna" meaning "great" or "powerful" and "malai" meaning hill. Arunachala is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words "[[Aruna (Hinduism)|Aruna]]" representing the rays of the Sun and "achala" meaning "unmoving". As [[Shiva]] is represented by the form of a large column of fire radiating from the hill, the names of the place came to represent the same.{{sfn|Paranjape|2013|p=100}}

==Mythology==
According to the ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', [[Brahma]] (god of creation) and [[Vishnu]] (god of preservation) had an argument over their supremacy.<ref name="Purana">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/edition/Siva_Purana_Vidyeswara_Samhitha_English/c_ZLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA42-IA4 |title=Siva Purana: Vidyeswara Samhitha: English Translation only without Slokas |date=24 October 2021 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=42-44 }}</ref>{{sfn|Shastri|1950|p=92-113}} To settle the debate, Shiva took the form of [[jyotirlinga]], a huge column of fire or light, stretching across the [[Trailokya|three worlds]].{{sfn|Pattanaik|2017|p=141}}{{sfn|Gangashetty|2019|p=100}} Vishnu took the form of a [[Varaha|boar]] and descended to locate the bottom of the column, while Brahma assumed the form of a swan to locate its top. Vishnu failed in his search and returned, honest about the outcome of his quest. Brahma chanced upon a [[Pandanus odorifer|thalampu]] flower in the midst of his ascent.<ref name="Purana"/> Upon enquiry, he learned that the flower had been descending from the column for several years. He bade the flower to lie to Vishnu that he had seen the top of the column. The dishonesty of Brahma angered Shiva, causing him to curse Brahma that he would not be worshipped. He also declared that Vishnu would be eternally worshipped for his honesty.<ref name="Purana"/>{{sfn|Gangashetty|2019|p=100}} Shiva took the form of fire at the [[Arunachala hill]] in [[Tiruvannamalai]], and later took the form of a [[lingam]] at the base of the hill.<ref name="Hist">{{cite web|url=https://annamalaiyar.hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/history.php?tid=20343|title=History of the temple|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

According to [[Hindu mythology]], [[Parvati]] once blindfolded Shiva, which led to the entire [[Earth]] being plunged in darkness. Shiva opened his third eye to shine light on the Earth. Realising her mistake, Parvati prayed for Shiva's forgiveness. Shiva directed her to go to Tiruvannamali and perform [[tapas]] at the [[ashram]] of sage [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]]. When [[Mahisasura]] disturbed her, she took the form of [[Durga]], and killed the [[asura]]. Later, Shiva accepted her on the [[purnima]] day of the [[Tamil month]] of [[Karthigai]].<ref name="Hist"/> The [[Karthika Deepam]] festival is celebrated to commemorate the manifestation of Shiva as jyotirlinga, and his re-acceptance of Parvati.<ref name="Hist"/><ref name="Deepam">{{cite web|url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/karthigai-festival/|title=Karthigai festival|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Tiruvannamalai Temple 1.jpg|[[Arunachala]] hill with temple in the foreground|thumb]]

The deities are described in the [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] text of ''[[Tevaram]]'' from the 7th century CE. [[Sekkilhar]], the author of the ''[[Periya Puranam]]'', wrote that [[Appar]] and [[Sambandar]] worshipped Annamalaiyar in the temple.<ref name="Arunachala">{{cite web|url=http://www.tiruvannamalai.tn.nic.in|title=Arunachaleswarar Thirukoil|year=2012|access-date=6 September 2012|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924193702/http://www.tiruvannamalai.tn.nic.in/|archive-date=24 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The present masonry of the temple dates back to the 9th century to the reign of the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]]. Inscriptions found in the temple record gifts such as land, and cows given to the temple by various Chola kings.<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm |title=Tiruvannamali Historical moments |year=2011 |access-date=6 September 2012 |work=Tiruvannamalai Municipality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191523/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref>{{sfn|Aiyar|1982|p=191–203}} Further inscriptions from the temple indicate that before the 9th century CE, the region was under the reign of the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] Kings, who ruled from [[Kanchipuram]].{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=88–90}} The [[Hoysalas]] made the region around the temple as their capital in 1328 CE.<ref name="History"/>{{sfn|Aiyangar|1991|p=174}}

The temple was located at a strategic location in the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], connecting important pilgrimage centers and military routes.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=71–72}} Inscriptions describe the expansion of the temple, and the town developing around the Annamalaiyar temple during the period.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=71–72}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_city.htm |title=Tiruvannamalai - About the town |year=2011 |access-date=6 September 2012 |work=Tiruvannamalai Municipality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125023644/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_city.htm |archive-date=25 January 2013 }}</ref> There are 48 inscriptions from the [[Sangama dynasty|Sangama Dynasty]] (1336–1485 CE), two inscriptions from the [[Saluva dynasty|Saluva Dynasty]], and 55 inscriptions from the [[Tuluva dynasty|Tuluva Dynasty]] (1491–1570 CE) of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], describing various gifts to the temple by their respective rulers.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=82}} Inscriptions from the period of [[Krishnadevaraya]] (1509–1529 CE), indicates patronage to the temple.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=88–90}} Most of the Vijayanagara inscriptions are written in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], with some in [[Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]].{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=81}}

The expansion of the temple and construction of the large [[gopuram]] at the eastern entrance began during the reign of Krishnadevaraya, and completed during the period of [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom#Sevappa Nayak|Sevappa Nayaka]] (1532–80 CE).<ref name="History"/>{{sfn|Vriddhagirisan|1995|p=ii}}{{sfn|Aiyar|1982|p=191–203}} The inscriptions indicate that the tower was built at the behest of Sivanesa and his brother Lokanatha in 1572 CE.{{sfn|Vriddhagirisan |1995|p=31}} The ''Tanjavuri Andhra Raja Charitamu'' mentions that Krishnadevaraya built the tower and the outer precincts of the temple.{{sfn|Vriddhagirisan|1995|p=31}} [[Thanjavur Nayak|Nayak period]] texts such as ''[[Raghunathabhyudayam]]'' and ''Sangitha Sudha'' describe the towers.{{sfn|Vriddhagirisan|1995|p=31}} During the reign of Krishnadevaraya, the thousand pillared hall and a tank were constructed within the temple premises.{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock|2009|p=827–828}}{{sfn|Aiyar|1982|p=546}}

During the 17th century CE, the temple came under the dominion of the [[Carnatic Sultanate]].{{sfn|Hunter|1908|p=129–130}} Subsequently, the temple was besieged by various rulers such as Muraru Raya, Krishna Raya, Mrithis Ali Khan, and Burkat Ullakhan in succession. As European incursions progressed, Tiruvannamalai was attacked by the [[French Indies Company|French]] and the [[English East India Company|English]]. The French occupied the town in 1757, and the temple along with the town later came under control of the British in 1760.{{sfn|Aiyar|1982|p=191–203}} In 1790, it was captured by [[Tipu Sultan]], who ruled from 1750–99 CE.{{sfn|Hunter|1908|p=129–130}} During the first half of the 19th century, the town along with the temple came under [[British Raj|British rule]].{{sfn|Aiyar|1982|p=191–203}}

After [[Indian Independence Act, 1947|Indian Independence]], the temple has been maintained by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] since 1951.<ref name="Arunachala"/> In 2002, the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] declared the temple a national heritage monument and took over its stewardship. Following a litigation with the [[Supreme Court of India]], the administration of the temple was given back to the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board.{{sfn|Gaur|2006|p=126}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnhrce.org/|title=Hindu Religious and Endowment Board|year=2011|access-date=27 December 2012|work=Department of Hindu Religious and Endowment Board, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228080342/http://www.tnhrce.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the mid 20th century CE, the temple and the town were popularised in the Western World by the work of [[Ramana Maharshi]] (1879 CE–1950 CE).{{sfn|Singh|Brown|Elliott|Harding|2009|p=418}}{{sfn|Melton|2002}} The cave where Ramana meditated is on the lower slopes of the Annamalai hills, with the [[Sri Ramana Ashram]] located further down at the foothill.{{sfn|Ebert|2006|p=35–46}}{{sfn|Abram|Edwards|Ford|Jacobs|2011|p=972}}

==Religious significance==
The Arunachalesvara temple is one of the [[Pancha Bhuta Sthalam]]s, which are five major Shiva temples, each representing a manifestation of a [[Mahābhūta|natural elements]].{{sfn|Ramaswamy| 2007|p=301–302}} The lingam in the shrine is referred to as the ''Agni Lingam'', symbolising the element of fire ([[Agni]]) and representing the themes of duty, tapas (penance), self-sacrifice, and spiritual liberation.{{sfn|Blavatsky|1892|p=189}}

Sambandar, a 7th-century CE Tamil poet, venerated Annamalaiyar and Unnamulai Amman in ten verses in ''Tevaram'', compiled as the first ''[[Tirumurai]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Muthal Thirumurai |url=http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0150.pdf |year=2004 |publisher=project Madurai |access-date=16 October 2011 |archive-date=11 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011190914/http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0150.pdf |url-status=live |p=27–28}}</ref> Appar, a contemporary of Sambandar, also praised the deity in ten verses in the ''Tevaram'', compiled as the fifth ''Thirumurai''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Aintham Thirumurai |url=http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0186.pdf |year=2004 |publisher=project Madurai |p=8–11}}</ref> As the temple is revered in the ''Tevaram'', it is classified as a ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 276 temples mentioned in the Tamil Saiva canon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/en/thirumurai_1/songview.php?thiru=1&Song_idField=1010&padhi=136+&button=Please+go|title=Muthalam Thirumurai Translation|year=2012|access-date=6 September 2012|work=Thevaaram.org|archive-date=13 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113065008/http://www.thevaaram.org/en/thirumurai_1/songview.php?thiru=1&Song_idField=1010&padhi=136+&button=Please+go|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.templenet.com/Tamilnadu/shivlist.html |title=A comprehensive description of the 276 Shivastalams glorified by the Tevaram hymns |work=Templenet|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> [[Manikkavacakar]], a 9th-century CE Tamil saint and poet, composed the ''[[Tiruvempavai]]'' at the temple, and described the deities as "Annamalai" and "Unnamulai".{{sfn|Pope|2004|p=150}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/21/stories/2002062101820600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627190034/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/21/stories/2002062101820600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 June 2003|title=Fire that stokes up faith|year=2002|access-date=6 September 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Arunagirinathar]] was a 15th-century CE Tamil poet born in Tiruvannamalai, who composed Tamil hymns glorifying [[Murugan]], the most notable being ''[[Thiruppugazh]]''.{{sfn|Aiyar|1982|p=191–203}}{{sfn|Zvelebil|1975|p=217}}

[[Paadal Petra Sthalam#Aathara Stalam|Aathara Thalams]] are various Shiva temples considered to correspond to the Tantric [[chakra]]s of the human body. The Arunachalesvara Temple corresponds to the ''[[Manipura|Manipooraga]] chakra'', associated with the solar plexus (naabhi moolam).{{sfn|Kamalabaskaran| 1994}}{{sfn|Spear|2011}} The place is also called a ''Mukthi Thalam'' (place of salvation), and saints like Ramana Maharishi, [[Seshadri Swamigal]], Gugai Namashivayar, [[Yogi Ramsuratkumar]] attained salvation within the temple.{{sfn|Sura|2006|p=79}}

==Architecture==
[[File:Tiruvannamalai Temple Tower.jpg|thumb|The Raja [[gopuram]], the tallest tower|alt=Gateway tower with multiple storeys]]

===Complex and towers===
The temple is situated at the foot of the Annamalai hills, spread over {{cvt|25|acre}}. The walls on the east and west measure {{cvt|700|ft}} in length, the south {{cvt|1479|ft}}, and the north {{cvt|1590|ft}}.<ref>{{cite report |title=Epigraphy |year=1903 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |location=Madras |page=5}}</ref> It has [[gopuram]]s (ornamental gateway towers), one on each side. The eastern tower, known as the ''Rajagopuram'', is the tallest, and largest with a base measuring {{cvt|135|ft}} by {{cvt|98|ft}}.<ref name="Arunachala"/> The south tower is called Thirumanchangopuram, the west tower as Pe Gopuram, and the north tower as Ammani Amman gourami.{{sfn|Vriddhagirisan|1995|p=31}} The temple has five precincts, each of which holds a large [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandhi]] statue. Smaller towers include the Vallala maharaja and Kili gopurams.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=72–74}} Brahma Nanneer, the temple tank, is located in the fourth precinct.{{sfn|Nārāyaṇasvāmi|1992|p=24}}

===Shrines===
[[File:Arunchaleshvara Temple - Tiruvannamalai - India.JPG|thumb|left|A shrine inside the temple complex]]

The main [[garbagriha|shrine]], holding the lingam of Annamalaiyar, faces east. It is considered the oldest structures within the temple complex, and houses the images of Nandi, Shiva's [[vahana]] and [[Surya]], the Sun god.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=72–74}} On the backside of the sanctum walls, there is an image of [[Venugopalaswamy]] (a form of [[Krishna]], an incarnation of [[Vishnu]]). Surrounding the sanctum are images of various Hindu deities, including Somakanthar, [[Durga]], [[Chandeshvara]], [[Gajalakshmi]], [[Kartikeya|Arumugaswami]], and [[Dakshinamurti]], [[Bhairava]], [[Nataraja]], and [[Lingodbhava]]. The palliyarai, the divine room for resting deities, is located at the first precinct around the sanctum.{{sfn|Nārāyaṇasvāmi|1992|p=24}}

The shrine of Shiva's consort, Unnamalai ammai, lies in the second precinct, with goddess depicted in a standing posture. [[Ganesha|Sambantha Pillaiyar]]'s shrine is located to the north of the flagstaff, and Yanai Thirai Konda Pillaiyar shrine is located in the fourth precinct.{{sfn|Nārāyaṇasvāmi|1992|p=24}} To the south of the thousand-pillared hall, there is a small shrine for Subramanya and a large tank.{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock|2009|p=827–828}} There is a shrine of Sivagangai Pillaiyar along the northern bank of the Sivangangai tank.{{sfn|Nārāyaṇasvāmi|1992|p=24}} Pathala Lingam (underground lingam), located at the basement of the raised hall inside the temple complex, is the place where Ramana Maharshi performed his penance, and attained supreme awareness.{{sfn|Abram|Edwards|Ford|Jacobs|2011|p=972}}{{sfn|Sura|2006|p=79}}{{sfn|Ebert|2006|p=35–46}} A stone [[trident]] is present in the outer precinct of the temple in open air, and has protective railings.{{sfn|Elgood|1999|p=48}} The temple tree, Magizha, is considered sacred and medicinal, and childless couples tie small cradles to its branches in obeisance.{{sfn|Elgood|1999|p=23}}

===Halls===
[[File:Thousand pillar.jpg|thumb|Thousand pillared hall inside the temple]]

There are various halls within the temple presmies. A sixteen pillared hall, known as Theepa Kaatchi Arangam (hall of light), in located in the third precinct. The Thirumana Mandapam (marriage hall), built in Vijayanagara style, is located in the south-west of the precinct.{{sfn|Elgood|1999|p=48}} The Ilavenil Mandapam (hall of spring), located in the same precinct, consists of the Kalahateeswarar shrine and temple office.{{sfn|Kamalabaskaran| 1994}} In the fourth precinct, there is a hall with a six-foot-tall statue of Nandhi, erected by Vallala.{{sfn|Nārāyaṇasvāmi|1992|p=24}}

In the fifth and outermost precinct, there is a thousand-pillared hall built during the late Vijayanagara period.{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock| 2009|p=827–828}} The pillars in the hall are carved with images of ''[[Yali (mythology)|yali]]'', a mythological beast with body of lion and head of an elephant.<ref>{{cite book |title=Let's go: India & Nepal, 2004 |year=2004 |publisher=Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=0-312-32006-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/letsgoindianepal00lets |p=615}}</ref> The Arunagirinathar mndapam is located to the right of the Kalayana Linga Sundara Eswara mandapam, and the Gopurathilayanar shrine is to the left of a flight of stone stairs that lead up to the Vallala gopuram.{{sfn|Kamalabaskaran|1994}}

==Worship and festivals==
[[File:Thiruvannaamalai temple.jpg|thumb|Temple lit during the [[Karthika Deepam]]]]

The temple priests perform ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]s'' (rituals) six times on a daily basis. These include the Kaalaippani at 5:30 a.m., Kaalai Vazhipaadu at 8:00 a.m., Nadunchama Vazhipaadu at 10:00 a.m., Maalaipani at 6:00 p.m., Irandaam Kaalai Pani at 8:00 p.m. and Iravuppani at 10:00 p.m.<ref name="Ritual"> {{cite web |url=http://arunachaleswarar.org/poojas.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212023612/http://arunachaleswarar.org/poojas.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 December 2011 |title=Annamalaiyar Temple rituals |year=2011 |access-date=27 December 2012 |work=Annamalaiyar Temple }}</ref> Each ritual comprises four steps: ''Thirumanchanam'' (sacred bath), ''Alangaaram'' (decoration), ''Neivedhiyam'' (food offering) and ''Theepaarathanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Annamalaiyar and Unnamulai Amman. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[Nadaswaram|nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[Thavil|tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast.{{cn|date=December 2025}} Special pujas are performed on Mondays (Soma varam) and Fridays (Sukra varam), and on [[Pradosha]], [[Amavasya]], [[Purnima]], [[Chaturthi]], and [[Krittika|Kiruthigai]].<ref name="Ritual"/>

[[File:Thiruvannamalai car festival.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|[[Temple car]] procession]]

The temple celebrates various [[Hindu festivals]] throughout the year.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=72–73}} Four prime festivals, the ''Thiruvizha'', are celebrated yearly. The most important of these lasts ten days during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''[[Karthigai]]'' (November–December), concluding with the celebration of [[Karthika Deepam]]. During the Deepam festival, A lamp is lit in a huge [[cauldron]], containing tons of [[ghee|Nei (Ghee)]], at the top of the Annamalai hill.{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock|2009|p=827–828}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/14/stories/2005121406840500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219060430/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/14/stories/2005121406840500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2006|title=10 lakh devotees witness Tiruvannamalai Deepam|year=2005|access-date=6 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> On the occasion, the image of Annamalaiyar is taken on a wooden chariot around the mountain.{{sfn|Shanmuganathan|2014|p=121}} Inscriptions indicate that the festival was celebrated as early as the Chola period (from 850 CE to 1280 CE) and was expanded to ten days in the 20th century.{{sfn|Mack|2002|p=72–74}}

Every full moon, thousands of pilgrims circumambulate the Annamalai hill barefoot.{{sfn|Bradnock|Bradnock|2009|p=827–828}} The circumambulation covers a distance of {{cvt|14|km}}, and is referred as ''girivalam''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Place%20of%20interest.htm |title=Tiruvannamalai - Places of interest |year=2011 |access-date=6 September 2012 |work=Tiruvannamalai Municipality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824234839/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Place%20of%20interest.htm |archive-date=24 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://arunachaleswarar.org/girivalam.html |title=Tiruvannamalai temple - Girivalam details |year=2011 |access-date=6 September 2012 |work=Tiruvannamalai Temple Administration |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829022609/http://arunachaleswarar.org/girivalam.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 }}</ref> According to Hindu legend, the circumambulation is considered as an atonement for one's sins, fulfils wishes and helps achieve freedom from the [[Saṃsāra|cycle of birth and rebirth]].<ref name="Arunachala"/> Various offerings are made in the temple tanks, shrines, pillared halls, springs and caves around the hill.{{sfn|Abram |Edwards |Ford |Jacobs| 2011| p= 456}} On [[Chitra Pournami (festival)|Chitra Pournami]], five wooden [[temple car]]s are used for taking the gods on a procession.<ref name="Arunachala"/>

''Thiruvoodal'' is celebrated during the first week of the Tamil month [[Thai (month)|Thai]] every year. On the morning of [[Maatu Pongal]], the Nandi is decorated with garlands made of fruits, vegetables and sweets. The deities of Annamalaiyar and Unnamulai Amman are taken out of the temple to ''Thiruvoodal Street'' to enact the ''oodal'' (or love tiff) between the two in the evening.<ref name="Arunachala"/>{{sfn|Anantharaman|2006|p=28}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
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{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Arunachaleshvara Temple}}
* [http://www.arunachaleswarartemple.tnhrce.in Temple Official website]
* [https://templeknowledge.com/about-arunachalam-temple/ Arunachaleshwar Temple Complte info]

{{Shaivism}}
{{Shiva temples}}
{{HinduMythology}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Thiru Annamalaiyar Temple}}
[[Category:Pancha Bhoota Stalam]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Tiruvannamalai]]
[[Category:Chola architecture]]
[[Category:Dravidian architecture]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Tiruvannamalai district]]
[[Category:Ramana Maharshi]]

Mangueshi

2026-05-06T10:53:33Z

Basavaraj: Starting New Article W/ Sources

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Original research|date=April 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mangueshi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Goa, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.446595|N|73.970067|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Goa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 403404
| registration_plate = GA
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ponda, Goa|Ponda]]
| website = {{URL|goa.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mangueshi''' is a village located within [[Ponda taluka]] in the coastal state of [[Goa]], India. '''Mangueshi''' or '''Mangueshim''' are other variations for the same name.[[File:Entrance path to Mangeshi Temple.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Entrance path to Mangeshi Temple]]

[[File:Shri Mangeshi Temple Lake.jpg|200px|thumb|right|View of Shri Mangeshi Temple Lake.jpg]]

==History==
The original site of [[Mangueshi Temple]] is Kushasthali or Cortalim in [[Salcette]] taluka. To avoid the increasing [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] missionary activities in Goa, the [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin|GSB]] community was afraid for the safety of the temples and idols. Hence the families worshipping Shree [[Shantadurga]] and Shree Manguesh, on a moonless night, leaving their homes and hearths crossed over the [[Zuari River]] to a safer region which was under the rule of the Muslim King [[Adilshah]].

After remaining in the house of a temple priest for sometime, the deity idol was finally installed at its present site in the village.

The territory of Ponda was not under Portuguese rule in the 16th Century and hence was seen as a safe haven by the Hindus fleeing persecution by the Jesuits and Portuguese. The forests of Ponda were ideal places for Hindus to form makeshift temples with the Idols they had salvaged from the broken temples of Sashti ([[Salsette]]).

[[File:Shri Mangeshi Temple Rath (temple chariot).jpg|200px|thumb|right|Shri Mangeshi Temple Rath (Temple Chariot).]]

==Mangeshkar Family==
The famous musical family of the Mangeshkar's belong to this village of Mangeshi. Their father, [[Deenanath Mangeshkar]] was born (1900) in the village of Mangueshi then in [[Portuguese India]] to a temple priest and handmaiden of the deity Manguesh. His mother tongue was [[Konkani language|Konkani]]. His father was a married [[Karhade Brahmin]] ''[[pujari]]'' and his mother was his [[Devadasi]] [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]] belonging to [[Gomantak Maratha Samaj]] community of Goa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/society/2019/09/27/lata-mangeshkar-at-90-tracing-mangeshkar-lineage-to-western-ghats.html|title=Lata Mangeshkar@90: Tracing the Mangeshkar lineage to the Western Ghats|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] }}</ref><ref name=Deenanath>{{cite book|last=Cabral e Sá|first=Mário|title=Wind of fire: the music and musicians of Goa|year=1997|publisher=Promilla & Co.|isbn=978-81-85002-19-4 |page=166}}</ref>

Deenanath's father had the last name ''Hardikar'';,<ref name=mother>{{cite book|last=Bhimani|first=Harish|title=In search of Lata Mangeshkar|year=1995|publisher=Indus|isbn=978-81-7223-170-5|pages=47–48}}</ref> but Deenanath did not inherit his father's Brahmin caste and surname because his parents were not married to each other.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asha Bhosle has not done enough for Goa: BJP lawmaker|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/asha-bhosle-has-not-done-enough-for-goa-bjp-lawmaker-2-760577.html|website=First post|date=7 May 2013|quote="The relation between Goa and the Mangeshkars strained further after the eldest sibling Lata Mangeshkar was not allowed to perform a rite by the temple management, which cited caste concerns."}}</ref> Deenanath adopted the surname '''Mangeshkar''' in order to identify his family with his native town - Mangueshi.

[[File:Shri Mangeshi Temple - Majestic 7 storied Deepa Stambha (Lamp Tower-.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Shri Mangeshi Temple - Majestic 7 storied [[Deep Jyoti Stambh|Deepa Stambha]].]]

==See also==
* [[Mangueshi Temple]]
* [[Kavale]]
* [[Shanta Durga temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category|Mangeshi}}

[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]

Manimekalai (1959 film)

2026-05-02T22:18:00Z

Basavaraj: Starting The Pg Initial Version

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Manimekalai
| image = Manimekalai 1959.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[V. S. Raghavan (director)|V. S. Raghavan]]
| screenplay = Elangovan
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Manimekalai]]''|[[Chithalai Chathanar]]}}
| producer = V. S. Narayanan
| starring = [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]] [[P. Bhanumathi]]
| cinematography = Pachu
| editing = V. S. Rajan
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]]
| studio = Sekhar Art Film Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|1959}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

''''' Manimekalai''''' is a 1959 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[epic film]] directed by [[V. S. Raghavan (director)|V. S. Raghavan]] and written by Elangovan, starring [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]] and [[P. Bhanumathi]]. It is based on the epic of [[Manimekalai|the same name]] by [[Chithalai Chathanar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=6 March 2008 |title=Manimekalai 1940 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/manimekalai-1940/article3022633.ece |access-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200210055728/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/manimekalai-1940/article3022633.ece |archive-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=16 August 1959 |title=மணிமேகலை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1959-08-16/page/n25/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230805053400/https://archive.org/details/kalki1959-08-16/page/n25/mode/2up |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=17 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Manimekalai, the daughter of [[Madhavi (Silappatikaram)|Madhavi]] and [[Kovalan]], grows up to a beautiful woman. Since her grandmother Chitrapathi and mother Madhavi are renowned courtesans, Manimekalai too learns from them and is accomplished in music and dance. While Madhavi is deeply disturbed by Kovalan's cruel death and glowing reports of [[Kannagi]]'s chastity bring about changes in her moral outlook, withdrawing from the life of a courtesan, she brings up her daughter in an atmosphere of renunciation and spirituality.

Prince Udhaya Kumaran is smitten by Manimekalai's bewitching beauty and professes his love for her. However, destiny had other plans for Manimekalai. The sea [[Manimekhala|Goddess Manimekalai]], carries her away from Kaveripoompattinam to the southern island of Manipallavam in Naga Nadu. Manimekalai wakes up from her trance and is mystified at the alien surroundings. While wandering about the island Maṇimekalai comes across the Dharma-seat, the seat on which Buddha had taught and appeased two warring Naga princes, and placed there by the God Indra. Those who worship it miraculously know their previous life. Manimekalai automatically worshiped it and recollects what has happened in her previous life. She comes to a place sanctified by Buddha, and in flash, revelations of her earlier birth dawn on her. She learns that Udhaya Kumaran was her husband in her previous birth. Goddess Manimekalai teaches her the art of astral travel and the secret of metamorphosing herself into another being.

Goddess Tivatilakai appears now before Manimekalai and inculcates in her the doctrines of Buddhism. Following the instructions of the Goddess, Manimekalai goes around a pond from the middle of which a bowl emerges and places itself on Manaimekalai's outstretched hands. This is the Amudhasurabhi (cow of abundance), the [[cornucopia]] that would never deplete which will always provide food to alleviate hunger. The goddess Tivatilakai also predicts that [[Bhikshu]] Aravaṇa Aḍigal in her native town will teach her more. Manimekalai then used the mantra which the sea goddess had given her and flies back to Kaveripoompattinam, Manimekalai reunites with Madhavi and narrates to her all that had transpired.

They meet Sage Aravana Adigal who informs them the history of the mystic Amudhasurabhi and expounds her the Buddha's Teaching and advises her about the nature of life. Manimekalai now takes to feeding the poor and needy with her magic bowl. The king who had earlier viewed her with suspicion now perceives her innate divinity and agrees to her proposal to turn the prison to a hall of charity where Buddhist monks could meditate and establish a hospice for the poor.

Udhaya Kumaran continues to pursue Manimekalai, despite her avowed spiritual inclinations to dedicate herself to a religious celibate life. In an effort to ward of his unwelcome advances, Manimekalai takes up the form of Kayachandika, an accursed Yaksha. Kayachanika's husband Kanjanan believes that Manimekalai is his wife who has been cured of her illness, and when he finds Udhaya Kumaran stalking her, kills him in fury.

Surmounting several hurdles that come in her way, Manimekalai learns the sacred tenets of various religions and finally takes up the sacred orders of Buddhist nun or [[Bhikshuni]], spending the rest of her life in [[Kanchipuram]] and practices to rid herself from the bondage of birth and death and attain [[Nirvana]].

== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor
|-
| [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]] as Udhaya Kumaran
|-
| [[P. Bhanumathi]] as Manimekalai
|-
| [[N. S. Krishnan]]
|-
| [[T. A. Mathuram]]
|-
| [[Kaka Radhakrishnan]]
|-
| [[Serukalathur Sama]] as Aravana Adigal
|-
| [[O. A. K. Thevar]]
|-
| C. S. Pandiyan
|-
| Sandhya as [[Madhavi (Silappatikaram)|Madhavi]]
|-
| G. Sakunthala
|-
| T. V. Kumudhini as Chitrapathi
|}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]]. The song "Kanngalin Vennilave" attained popularity.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2018 |title=ஆனந்தத் தேன்காற்று தாலாட்டுதே – 74: திராவிடத்தை தமிழர் இயக்கமாக்கியவர்! |language=ta |work=[[Dinamani]] |url=https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kondattam/2018/oct/14/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87---74-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-3019606.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721055916/https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/dinamani-kondattam/2018/oct/14/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87---74-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-3019606.html |archive-date=21 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2015 |title=பானுமதி: 7. எம்.ஜி.ஆர். – பானுமதி சண்ட! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2015/dec/12/பானுமதி-7.-எம்.ஜி.ஆர்.---பானுமதி-ச-1238868.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810053713/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2015/dec/12/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF-7.-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D.---%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%9A-1238868.html |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Kanngalin Vennilave" || T. R. Mahalingam & P. Bhanumathi || [[Kambadasan]]|| 03:04
|-
| "Pazahangkaala Thamizharin Vaazhkai Nilai" || M. L. Vasanthakumari & N. L. Ganasaraswathi || rowspan="4" | [[A. Maruthakasi]]|| 03:25
|-
| "Unnai Kaana Enggum" || T. R. Mahalingam || 03:59
|-
| "Avaniyil Pudhu Araneriye" || Thiruchi Loganathan & N. L. Ganasaraswathi || 03:26
|-
| "Inbam Inbam Inbam Indha Ulaginile" || P. Bhanumathi || 03:43
|-
| "Inge Vaa Sorgam Paar" || P. Leela & K. Abhayam || Kambadasan || 04:07
|-
| "Aandavan Thamizhanada" || T. R. Mahalingam || [[Kannadasan]]|| 02:28
|-
| "Raajaa Nee Thoongalaamaa" || T. V. Rathnam || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 02:20
|-
| "Varuga Varuga Sugumaaraa" || P. Leela, Radha Jayalakshmi & A. P. Komala || A. Maruthakasi || 03:05
|-
| "Unda Naali Uduttha Naanku Mulam" || Seerkazhi Govindarajan || Kambadasan || 02:54
|-
| "Ulagame Oru Sirachchaalai" || P. Bhanumathi || Kambadasan || 02:48
|-
| "Adikkudhu Adikkudhu Unnai Kannda" || V. T. Rajagopalan & T. V. Rathnam || Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass || 03:09
|-
| "Aanndavan Padaippinile Naan Kannda" || T. R. Mahalingam || A. Maruthakasi || 03:01
|-
| "Manadhai Kavarndha Mangai Varuvaalo" || Seerkazhi Govindarajan & Radha Jayalakshmi || A. Maruthakasi || 04:06
|-
| "Vandhaayaa Magale Vandhaayaa" || G. Ramanathan || N. S. Chidambaram || 04:16
|-
| "Aadhaaram Unnai Allaaal" || P. Bhanumathi || Kambadasan || 04:31
|-
| "Thillana" Music || P. Bhanumathi || None || 01:39
|}

== Reception ==
Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said the film could be watched for Bhanumathi and Mahalingam's performances, and the music.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=27 September 1959 |title=மணிமேகலை |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1959-09-27/kalki1959-09-27.pdf |access-date=5 October 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=77–78 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1959 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:Films about Buddhism]]
[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]
[[Category:Films set in the Anuradhapura period]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian historical films]]
[[Category:1950s historical films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Yuki Bhambri

2026-04-24T12:13:54Z

Basavaraj: Put up a details v1 - done

{{short description|Indian tennis player (born 1992)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
| name = Yuki Bhambri
| image = Bhambri RGQ22 (7) (52129630086).jpg
| caption = Bhambri at the [[2022 French Open]]
|image_upright = .8
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| residence = [[Bradenton, Florida]], United States
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|07|04}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| height = {{convert|1.85|m|abbr=on}}
| turnedpro = 2008
| retired =
| coach = Ankita Bhambri
| plays = Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
| careerprizemoney = {{US$|2,032,193|link=yes}}
| singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=28|lost=33|details=in [[ATP World Tour]] and [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] main draw matches, and in [[Davis Cup]]|small=yes}}
| singlestitles = 0
| highestsinglesranking = No. 83 (16 April 2018)
| currentsinglesranking =
| AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[2015 Australian Open – Men's singles|2015]], [[2016 Australian Open – Men's singles|2016]], [[2018 Australian Open – Men's singles|2018]])
| FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[2018 French Open – Men's singles|2018]])
| Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|2018]])
| USOpenresult = 1R ([[2018 US Open – Men's singles|2018]])

| doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=72|lost=64|details=in [[ATP World Tour]] and [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] main draw matches, and in [[Davis Cup]]|small=yes}}
| doublestitles = 4
| highestdoublesranking = No. 18 (9 February 2026)
| currentdoublesranking = No. 18 (9 February 2026)
| AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 3R ([[2014 Australian Open – Men's doubles|2014]], [[2026 Australian Open – Men's doubles|2026]])
| FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 3R ([[2025 French Open – Men's doubles|2025]])
| WimbledonDoublesresult = 3R ([[2025 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles|2025]])
| USOpenDoublesresult = SF ([[2025 US Open – Men's doubles|2025]])
|AustralianOpenMixedresult = 1R ([[2026 Australian Open – Mixed doubles|2026]])
| WimbledonMixedresult = 2R ([[2025 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles|2025]])
| Team = yes
| DavisCupresult = 1R ([[2010 Davis Cup|2010]])
| updated = 9 February 2026
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Country | {{flagu|India}} }}
{{Medal|Sport | Men's tennis }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Asian Games]] }}
{{Medal|Bronze | [[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]] | [[Tennis at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's singles|Singles]] }}
{{Medal|Bronze | [[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]] | [[Tennis at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's doubles|Doubles]] }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Youth Olympic Games]] }}
{{Medal|Silver | [[2010 Summer Youth Olympics|2010 Singapore]] | [[Tennis at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics|Singles]] }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Commonwealth Youth Games]] }}
{{Medal|Silver | [[2008 Commonwealth Youth Games|2008 Pune]] | Doubles }}
{{Medal|Bronze | [[2008 Commonwealth Youth Games|2008 Pune]] | Singles }}
}}

'''Yuki Bhambri''' (born 4 July 1992) is an Indian professional [[tennis]] player who currently specializes in doubles. He has an ATP career-high doubles ranking of world No. 18 achieved on 9 February 2026 and a career-high singles ranking of No. 83 achieved on 16 April 2018.

He is a former [[Junior tennis|junior]] No. 1<ref name=no1 /> and winner of the [[2009 Australian Open – Boys' singles|2009 Australian Open Junior Championship]].<ref name=ao>{{cite web |url=http://www.itftennis.com/media/133602/133602.pdf |publisher=International Tennis Federation |access-date=7 January 2014 |title=AUSTRALIAN OPEN JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIPS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807043553/http://www.itftennis.com/media/133602/133602.pdf |archive-date=7 August 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is the first Indian to win the junior Australian Open title and the fourth Indian in history to capture a junior singles title at a Grand Slam championship.<ref name=atpprofile /> He represents [[India Davis Cup team|India]] in the [[Davis Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daviscup.com/en/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100091581 |title=Davis cup profile – Yuki Bhambri |access-date=1 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411121036/http://www.daviscup.com/en/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100091581 |archive-date=11 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal and early life==
He started playing tennis at the age of 6 years. His father is Chander and mother is Indu. He is the youngest in the family. His sisters are [[Ankita Bhambri]] and [[Sanaa Bhambri]], and he is the cousin of [[Prerna Bhambri]] and Prateek Bhambri, all of whom are professional tennis players. His early career tennis coach was Aditya Sachdeva.<ref name=atpprofile>{{cite web |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Bh/Y/Yuki-Bhambri.aspx |title=Yuki Bhambari – Profile at Association of Tennis Professionals |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522024102/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Bh/Y/Yuki-Bhambri.aspx |archive-date=22 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100091581 |title=Yuki Bhambari – Profile at ITF tennis |access-date=18 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109144539/http://www.itftennis.com/ProCircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100091581 |archive-date=9 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is currently being coached by Stephen Koon, Impact Tennis Academy, and is accompanied by trainer Abhimanu Singh & Ahmad Nasir.<ref>{{cite news|title=Interview with Indian Tennis Daily|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2018/01/05/interview-with-yuki-bhambri/|access-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004437/https://indiantennisdaily.com/2018/01/05/interview-with-yuki-bhambri/|archive-date=19 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhambri became mentor of the tennis facilities of RoundGlass Sports in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/yuki-bhambri-rejoins-childhood-coach-aditya-sachdev-paris-olympics-2024-preparation/article68106119.ece|title=With Olympics in mind, Yuki rejoins childhood coach Aditya Sachdev at Roundglass|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=Sportstar|date=25 April 2024|access-date=6 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915112020/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/yuki-bhambri-rejoins-childhood-coach-aditya-sachdev-paris-olympics-2024-preparation/article68106119.ece|archive-date=15 September 2024|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Junior career==
Bhambri reached the junior No. 1 ranking in the world in February 2009.<ref name=no1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100091581 |title=ITF Juniors Profile |access-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321195200/http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100091581 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> He won the Junior Australian Open Boys singles title in 2009 by beating Alexandros-Ferdinandos Georgoudas of Greece in the finals.

He competed in all the junior Grand Slams in 2008. He lost at the [[2008 Australian Open – Boys' singles|2008 Australian Open Boys' Singles]] in the semifinals to eventual champion [[Bernard Tomic]].

Yuki concluded his season by making history as the first Indian winner of the prestigious Orange Bowl at age 16, beating [[Jarmere Jenkins]] of the U.S. in straight sets.

In 2009, Bhambri began the year by winning the junior [[2009 Australian Open – Boys' singles|Australian Open]], defeating Alexandros Georgoudas from Greece in the final in only 57 minutes. Throughout the tournament he dropped only one set, becoming the first Indian singles winner of the junior [[Australian Open]] and the fourth Indian in history to capture a junior singles grand slam title.<ref name="AO win">{{cite web |url=http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/news/match_reports/2009-01-31/200901311233382516296.html |title=Bhambri takes out boys' singles |last=Blake |first=Amy |date=31 January 2009 |access-date=28 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113143949/http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/news/match_reports/2009-01-31/200901311233382516296.html |archive-date=13 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Professional career==
[[File:YukiBhambriDavisCup.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bhambri in action during a Davis Cup tie against [[Indonesia Davis Cup team|Indonesia]] in April 2013]]

===2009: First ITF title and Davis cup debut ===
Yuki obtained a wild card spot in the doubles main draw pairing with [[Harsh Mankad]] at the [[Chennai Open]]. At the same event he received a wildcard spot in the singles qualifying draw in the [[Chennai Open]] where he lost to compatriot [[Sanam Singh]] in three sets.
Yuki also obtained a wild card position for the 2010 [[Australian Open]] qualifying draw as an additional reward for his win at the 2009 Junior Australian Open.
After his win in the Orange Bowl, Yuki received a spot in the main draw of the [[Sony Ericsson Open]] where he lost to [[Diego Junqueira]] in the first round. Following his showing at the Sony Ericsson Open, Yuki played in an ITF Futures Event in New Delhi, India, where he won the tournament, becoming the youngest Indian to win a Futures event; Yuki continued this winning streak by capturing the title of the following Futures event held in the same venue. Yuki made his Davis Cup debut against South Africa in the World Group play-offs.

===2010: Youth Olympic Games Silver medal===
In August, Bhambri advanced to the finals of the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore by defeating [[Damir Džumhur]] in three sets. He played Colombian [[Juan Sebastián Gómez]] in the finals. After suffering cramps in his thigh, he conceded the match with the score at 1–4 in the third set. This gave him a silver medal at the [[Summer Youth Olympic Games|Youth Olympics]].

===2012: First Challenger singles and doubles titles===
In May, Yuki won his first ATP men's doubles challenger title with compatriot [[Divij Sharan]] at the [[2012 Busan Open Challenger Tennis|Busan Challenger]]. They defeated the Taiwanese duo of [[Hsieh Cheng-peng]] and [[Lee Hsin-han]] in the finals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yuki-Divij clinch ATP Challenger title in Busan|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/yuki-divij-clinch-atp-challenger-title-in-busan-473884.html|access-date=20 February 2018|date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152405/http://www.news18.com/news/india/yuki-divij-clinch-atp-challenger-title-in-busan-473884.html|archive-date=20 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

A week later, he defeated [[Amir Weintraub]] in straight sets to win the first ATP Challenger singles title of his career in Fergana, Uzbekistan on 20 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/article3439214.ece |title=Yui Bhambri |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2012-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521210858/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/article3439214.ece |archive-date=21 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2013: Second Challenger singles title ===
He reached his first ATP Challenger final of the season at [[2013 OEC Kaohsiung|Kaohsiung]], Taiwan. He lost to Chinese Taipei's [[Lu Yen-hsun]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/214500-atp-challenger-brave-heart-yuki-bhambri-ends-runner-up-in-both-singles-and-doubles |title=ATP Challenger: Brave-heart Yuki Bhambri ends runner-up in both singles and doubles |publisher=NDTV |date=22 September 2013 |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610181326/http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/214500-atp-challenger-brave-heart-yuki-bhambri-ends-runner-up-in-both-singles-and-doubles |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He won his first ATP Challenger singles title of the season and the second of his career at [[2013 Traralgon Challenger|Traralgon]], Australia, defeating American [[Bradley Klahn]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/yuki-bhambri-wins-traralgon-challenger-title/432189-5.html |title=Yuki Bhambri wins Traralgon ATP Challenger title |publisher=IBN Live |date=27 October 2013 |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407114638/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/yuki-bhambri-wins-traralgon-challenger-title/432189-5.html |archive-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===2014: Australian Open doubles third round ===
Bhambri entered the [[2014 Australian Open]] in both singles and doubles. He lost to [[Potito Starace]] in the first round of the singles qualifying draw. He entered the men's doubles with [[Michael Venus]] from New Zealand as his partner. They defeated [[Roberto Bautista Agut]] and [[Daniel Gimeno Traver]] in the first round. In the second round, the pair shocked tenth-seeded [[Jean-Julien Rojer]] and [[Horia Tecău]] by defeating them in straight sets.<ref name=rd2>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-17/indian-challenge/46302031_1_yuki-bhambri-third-round-seeds |title=Bhambri-Venus stun No. 10 seeds Rojer-Tecau to make third round |date=17 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120005431/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-17/indian-challenge/46302031_1_yuki-bhambri-third-round-seeds |archive-date=20 January 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> They finally lost to the 5th-seeded Indo-Czech pair of [[Leander Paes]] and [[Radek Štěpánek]] in the third round.<ref name=rd3>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-leander-paes-ends-yuki-bhambhri-s-run-in-men-s-doubles-at-australian-open-1953604 |title=Leander Paes ends Yuki Bhambhri's run in men's doubles at Australian Open |publisher=DNA |date=19 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120233500/http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-leander-paes-ends-yuki-bhambhri-s-run-in-men-s-doubles-at-australian-open-1953604 |archive-date=20 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 8 February 2014, Bhambri won his third ATP Challenger singles title at the [[2014 Shriram Capital P.L. Reddy Memorial Challenger|Sriram Capital PL Reddy Memorial ATP Challenger]] tennis tournament in Chennai. He defeated [[Alexander Kudryavtsev]] of Russia in three sets in the final. He also won the doubles title at the same event with his partner [[Michael Venus]] of New Zealand. The pair defeated the Indo-Slovak combination of [[Sriram Balaji]] and [[Blaž Rola]] in the doubles final.<ref name=CT4>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-02-08/top-stories/47147846_1_yuki-bhambri-michael-venus-final-set |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140211091203/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-02-08/top-stories/47147846_1_yuki-bhambri-michael-venus-final-set |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 February 2014 |title=Double win for Yuki Bhambri at Chennai Challenger |date=8 February 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 February 2014 }}</ref>

Later in the year, Bhambri won two medals for India at the [[2014 Asian Games]]. He won bronze in the men's singles category, losing to Japan's [[Yoshihito Nishioka]] in the semifinals.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/asian-games-2014/news/230584-asian-games-yuki-bhambri-settles-for-bronze-in-men-s-singles-tennis |title=Yuki Bhambri Settles for Bronze in Men's Singles Tennis |date=28 September 2014 |access-date=7 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010103837/http://sports.ndtv.com/asian-games-2014/news/230584-asian-games-yuki-bhambri-settles-for-bronze-in-men-s-singles-tennis |archive-date=10 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also won bronze in the men's doubles category with [[Divij Sharan]] as his partner. The pair lost in the semifinals to the Korean pair of [[Lim Yong-kyu]] and [[Chung Hyeon]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.india.com/asian-games-2014/yuki-bhambri-and-divij-sharan-settle-for-bronze-medal-in-mens-doubles-at-asian-games-2014-160171/ |title=Yuki Bhambri and Divij Sharan settle for bronze medal in men's doubles at Asian Games 2014 |date=28 September 2014 |access-date=7 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034312/http://www.india.com/asian-games-2014/yuki-bhambri-and-divij-sharan-settle-for-bronze-medal-in-mens-doubles-at-asian-games-2014-160171/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2015: Top 100===
Starting the year as 315th-ranked player in the [[ATP rankings]], Bhambri qualified for the [[2015 Australian Open]], but lost to Great Britain's [[Andy Murray]] in the first round in straight sets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/454333/yuki-battles-hard-losing-aus.html |title=Yuki battles hard before losing aus Open 1st round to Murray |date=19 January 2015 |access-date=19 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119100035/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/454333/yuki-battles-hard-losing-aus.html |archive-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He then entered the [[2015 Delhi Open]] as a [[Wild card (sports)|wildcard]] and reached the finals, losing to [[Somdev Devvarman]] in three sets 3–6, 6–4, 6–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/somdev-devvarman-retains-delhi-open-title-with-win-over-yuki-bhambri-1504732|title=Somdev Devvarman Retains Delhi Open Title with Win Over Yuki Bhambri|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=16 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/delhi-open-somdev-devvarman-retains-title/article6922537.ece|title=Delhi Open: Somdev Devvarman retains title|work=The Hindu|date=22 February 2015 |accessdate=16 January 2025}}</ref> He maintained his good start of the season and reached the semifinals of the [[Kazan Kremlin Cup]]. On 13 September, he defeated [[Wu Di (tennis)|Wu Di]] in the finals of the [[Shanghai Challenger]] in three sets 3–6, 6–0, 7–6(7–3) to win his first title of the season, which helped him reach no. 125 in the ATP rankings. He reached the finals at the [[OEC Kaohsiung]], losing to [[Hyeon Chung]] in straight sets 7–5, 6–4.

He broke into the top 100 for the first time in his career on 19 October 2015. He won his first title in India on 31 October, defeating [[Evgeny Donskoy]] in straight sets 6–2, 7–6(7–4) in Pune. As a result of his good run, he rose to a career-best ranking of 88 on 9 November. He finished the year ranked 93rd.

===2016: Struggles with injury===
Bhambri entered the main draw of the [[2016 Australian Open|Australian Open]] for the second consecutive year. He lost in the first round to sixth-seeded [[Tomáš Berdych]] in straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/news/articles/2016-01-18/ao_analyst_bhambris_harsh_lesson.html|title=AO Analyst: Bhambri learns lesson|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820184617/http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/news/articles/2016-01-18/ao_analyst_bhambris_harsh_lesson.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February he won his sixth doubles Challenger title at the [[2016 Delhi Open]], partnering with [[Mahesh Bhupathi]].

Bhambri was out of action from March to September because of an elbow injury.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Banerjee|first1=Sudeshna|title=After a year of struggle with injury, Yuki Bhambri looks ahead to 2017|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/after-year-struggle-injury-yuki-bhambri-looks-ahead-2017|website=sportskeeda.com|access-date=4 August 2017|date=8 December 2016|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806013422/https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/after-year-struggle-injury-yuki-bhambri-looks-ahead-2017|url-status=live}}</ref> This caused his ranking to drop out of the top 500.

===2017: First ATP 500 quarterfinal===
[[File:2017 Citi Open Tennis Yuki Bhambri (35509362094).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bhambri in Action during 2017 Citi Open]]
Bhambri started his 2017 campaign at the [[2017 Aircel Chennai Open|Chennai Open]]. He qualified for the main draw, where he defeated compatriot [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] in the first round, before losing in round 2 to [[Benoît Paire]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chaudhuri|first1=Sharmistha|title=Chennai Open: Yuki Bhambri crashes out after losing to Benoît Paire|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tennis/chennai-open-yuki-bhambri-crashes-out-after-losing-to-benoit-paire/story-qP3qiu6rIgq3onNNTpWixJ.html|website=hindustantimes.com|publisher=hindustantimes|access-date=4 August 2017|date=5 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728113742/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tennis/chennai-open-yuki-bhambri-crashes-out-after-losing-to-benoit-paire/story-qP3qiu6rIgq3onNNTpWixJ.html|archive-date=28 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
At the [[2017 Australian Open|Australian Open]], he lost in the final qualifying round to [[Ernesto Escobedo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Australian Open 2017: Yuki Bhambri loses final qualifying round|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/australian-open-2017-yuki-bhambri-loses-final-qualifying-round-4473697/|work=indianexpress|access-date=4 August 2017|date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119232405/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/australian-open-2017-yuki-bhambri-loses-final-qualifying-round-4473697/|archive-date=19 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July, Bhambri reached the quarterfinals at the [[2017 Citi Open|Citi Open]] in Washington, D.C. This was his second quarterfinal on the ATP World Tour, and his first at an ATP 500-level event. Bhambri defeated [[Stefan Kozlov]] in the first round and shocked 6th seed and defending champion [[Gaël Monfils]] in the second round. He then defeated [[Guido Pella]] to reach the quarterfinals where he lost to eventual finalist [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Citi Open run helps Yuki Bhambri jump to 159 in latest ATP rankings|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/citi-open-run-helps-yuki-bhambri-jump-to-159-in-latest-atp-rankings/articleshow/59958428.cms|access-date=8 August 2017|date=7 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812222340/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/citi-open-run-helps-yuki-bhambri-jump-to-159-in-latest-atp-rankings/articleshow/59958428.cms|archive-date=12 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October, Bhambri teamed up with [[Divij Sharan]] to enter the [[2017 Tashkent Challenger|Tashkent Challenger]]. They finished as runners-up, losing to the pair of [[Hans Podlipnik Castillo]] and [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|Andrei Vasilevski]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhambri, Sharan end runners-up at Tashkent ATP Challenger|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/bhambri-sharan-end-runners-up-at-tashkent-atp-challenger/articleshow/61069758.cms|access-date=13 November 2017|agency=PTI|work=The Times of India|date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116231827/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/bhambri-sharan-end-runners-up-at-tashkent-atp-challenger/articleshow/61069758.cms|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In November, he won his second [[2017 KPIT MSLTA Challenger|Pune Challenger]] title, defeating compatriot [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] in the final. This was his sixth Challenger singles title.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kumaraswamy|first1=K|title=Yuki downs Ramkumar to win Pune Challenger title|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/yuki-downs-ramkumar-to-win-pune-challenger-title/articleshow/61704074.cms|access-date=24 November 2017|date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205180116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/yuki-downs-ramkumar-to-win-pune-challenger-title/articleshow/61704074.cms|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2018: Return to top 100 in singles, French Open doubles win===
Yuki started the year with the [[Tata Open Maharashtra]] in Pune where he entered the main draw. He defeated compatriot [[Arjun Kadhe]] in the opening round but lost to Frenchman [[Pierre-Hugues Herbert]] in the second round.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tamang|first1=Sylvester|title=Tata Open Maharashtra: Yuki Bhambri Loses To Pierre-Hugues Herbert in Round 2|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/tata-open-maharashtra-yuki-bhambri-loses-to-pierre-hugues-herbert-in-round-2-1795520|access-date=15 January 2018|publisher=NDTV|date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004334/https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/tata-open-maharashtra-yuki-bhambri-loses-to-pierre-hugues-herbert-in-round-2-1795520|archive-date=16 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He then entered the qualifying draw of the [[Australian Open]] and qualified for the main draw for the third time. He could not proceed further, losing to [[Marcos Baghdatis]] in straight sets 7–6(7–4), 6–4, 6–3 in the first round.<ref>{{cite news|title=Marcos Baghdatis beats Yuki Bhambri|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambri-vs-marcos-baghdatis-live-australian-open-first-round-5025060/|access-date=15 January 2018|agency=Express Web Desk|work=IndianExpress|date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004236/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambri-vs-marcos-baghdatis-live-australian-open-first-round-5025060/|archive-date=16 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In February, Yuki entered the inaugural [[2018 Chennai Open Challenger|Chennai Challenger]]. He reached the final but lost to top seed [[Jordan Thompson (tennis)|Jordan Thompson]] in 3 sets.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Damayanti|title=Chennai Open: Bhambri goes down fighting to Thompson in final|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/chennai-open-bhambri-goes-down-fighting-to-thompson-in-final/articleshow/62962189.cms|access-date=19 February 2018|agency=TNN|publisher=TOI|date=17 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811224752/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/chennai-open-bhambri-goes-down-fighting-to-thompson-in-final/articleshow/62962189.cms|archive-date=11 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March, he entered the [[2018 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|Indian Wells Masters]] and qualified for the main draw. He defeated [[Nicolas Mahut]] in the opening round. In the second round he upset then-world no. 12 [[Lucas Pouille]] in straight sets. He eventually lost to [[Sam Querrey]] in the third round.<ref>{{cite news|last1=K|first1=Kumaraswamy|title=Treating Indian Wells Masters as any other tournament: Yuki Bhambri|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/treating-indian-wells-masters-as-any-other-tournament-yuki-bhambri/articleshow/63272557.cms|access-date=16 April 2018|date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313061734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/treating-indian-wells-masters-as-any-other-tournament-yuki-bhambri/articleshow/63272557.cms|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhambri carried his good form to the next masters at the [[2018 Miami Open – Men's singles|
Miami Open]] where he qualified for main draw. There he defeated [[Mirza Bašić]] in the first round before bowing out in the second round with a loss to [[Jack Sock]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Yuki Bhambri's Miami run halted by Jack Sock|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambris-miami-run-halted-by-jack-sock-5110898/|access-date=16 April 2018|date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416134715/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambris-miami-run-halted-by-jack-sock-5110898/|archive-date=16 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April, Bhambri won the first Challenger title of the season at the [[2018 Santaizi ATP Challenger|Santaizi Challenger]] by defeating compatriot [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]. With this win he returned to the top 100 in the singles rankings.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Judge|first1=Shahid|title=Yuki Bhambri wins Taipei Challenger, set to return to top-100 ranking|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambri-wins-taipei-challenger-set-to-re-enter-atp-top-100-5138815/|access-date=16 April 2018|date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416134857/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambri-wins-taipei-challenger-set-to-re-enter-atp-top-100-5138815/|archive-date=16 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On the back of his improved rankings, Yuki earned direct entry into the [[2018 French Open]]. This was his first match in the main draw at the event. He lost in the first round to [[Ruben Bemelmans]] in straight sets.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatt |first1=Gaurav |title=French Open 2018: Yuki Bhambri bites the clay on his Paris debut |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/french-open-2018-yuki-bhambri-bites-the-clay-on-his-paris-debut-5196388/ |access-date=13 June 2018 |date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084754/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/tennis/french-open-2018-yuki-bhambri-bites-the-clay-on-his-paris-debut-5196388/ |archive-date=13 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also entered the doubles draw with compatriot [[Divij Sharan]]. The pair advanced to the second round where they lost to second seeds and eventual finalists [[Oliver Marach]] and [[Mate Pavić]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hegde |first1=Prajwal |title=Day of defeats for India at French Open |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/french-open/day-of-defeats-for-india-at-french-open/articleshow/64419354.cms |access-date=13 June 2018 |date=2 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617171507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/french-open/day-of-defeats-for-india-at-french-open/articleshow/64419354.cms |archive-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Yuki also got direct entry into the [[2018 Wimbledon Championships]] for the first time. He lost in the opening round to Italian qualifier [[Thomas Fabbiano]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hegde |first1=Prajwal |title=Yuki Bhambri crashes out of Wimbledon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon-2018/yuki-bhambri-crashes-out-of-wimbledon/articleshow/64832743.cms |access-date=13 August 2018 |date=2 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211062214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon-2018/yuki-bhambri-crashes-out-of-wimbledon/articleshow/64832743.cms |archive-date=11 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August, Yuki opted to play at the [[2018 US Open (tennis)|2018 US Open]] instead of representing India at the Asian Games.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saharoy |first1=Shilarze |title=Somdev stands by Bhambri's decision to play in US Open instead of Asian Games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games/somdev-stands-by-bhambris-decision-to-play-in-us-open-instead-of-asian-games/articleshow/65437812.cms |access-date=26 September 2019 |date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015224313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games/somdev-stands-by-bhambris-decision-to-play-in-us-open-instead-of-asian-games/articleshow/65437812.cms |archive-date=15 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> With his participation at the US Open he completed playing in the main draw at all four grand slams. But he could not earn his maiden win at a slam event, losing in the opening round to [[Pierre-Hugues Herbert]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Patwardhan |first1=Deepti |title=US Open 2018: Yuki Bhambri's first-round exit ends his Slam season, but promises abound of better tidings |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/us-open-2018-yuki-bhambris-first-round-exit-ends-his-slam-season-but-promises-abound-of-better-tidings-5069011.html |access-date=26 September 2019 |date=29 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926084127/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/us-open-2018-yuki-bhambris-first-round-exit-ends-his-slam-season-but-promises-abound-of-better-tidings-5069011.html |archive-date=26 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Soon after the US Open, Yuki started struggling with injuries. The correct diagnosis for which was made by [[Rafael Nadal]]'s doctor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/news/detail/yuki-bhambri-injury-nadal-doctor/ |title=Rafael Nadal's doctor got my diagnosis right, reveals Yuki Bhambri |work=Olympic Channel |access-date=9 February 2020 |date=28 January 2020 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918132017/https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/news/detail/yuki-bhambri-injury-nadal-doctor/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2021: Brief return to tour===
After being inactive for over two and a half years due to injury, Bhambri returned to the tour at the [[2021 Singapore Tennis Open – Singles|2021 Singapore Open]] when he received a protected ranking spot into the main draw. He lost in the first round to wildcard [[Matthew Ebden]] in straight sets.

One week later, Bhambri won an ITF doubles title in India partnering [[Saketh Myneni]]. It would be his first title win in almost three years and the result would push him back into the ATP rankings in doubles.

Bhambri received a protected ranking into the qualifying draw of the [[2021 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's singles|2021 Dubai Open]]. There, he defeated compatriots [[Prajnesh Gunneswaran]] and [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] to qualify for the main draw where he lost in the first round to [[Aljaž Bedene]] in three sets. The result would push him back into the ATP rankings in singles.

Bhambri partnered [[Matthew Ebden]] in doubles at the [[2021 Orlando Open – Doubles|2021 Orlando Open]]. The pair won their first round match but withdrew from their second round match due to an injury. Bhambri ended the season with a title at ITF India Futures 6 with compatriot [[Saketh Myneni]] defeating compatriots [[S D Prajwal Dev]] and Rishi Reddy 6–4, 7-6(6) in straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/yuki-bhambri-saketh-myneni-wins-doubles-title-15000-itf-mens-tennis-tournament/article37724614.ece|access-date=27 November 2021|title=Yuki Bhambri marks comeback with ITF doubles title triumph|date=27 November 2021 |archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127164120/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/yuki-bhambri-saketh-myneni-wins-doubles-title-15000-itf-mens-tennis-tournament/article37724614.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2022 ===
====Bad form (January–February)====
Bhambri started the year at the [[2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1 – Men's doubles|Melbourne Summer Set]] where he partnered [[Michael Venus]] in the doubles but they lost in the first round to [[Tallon Griekspoor]] and [[Andrea Vavassori]] 4–6, 4–6.

At the [[2022 Australian Open|Australian Open]], he was out in the qualifying round where he lost to [[Tomáš Macháč]] 1–6, 3–6 in the second round. Bhambri lost in round of 16 of both singles and doubles of [[2022 Maharashtra Open]]. In the [[2022 Maharashtra Open – Singles|singles event]] he lost to [[Stefano Travaglia]] 3–6, 2–6. In the [[2022 Maharashtra Open – Doubles|doubles event]], he partnered [[Divij Sharan]] where they lost to compatriots [[Saketh Myneni]] and [[Sasi Kumar Mukund]] 3–6, 4–6. He and Divij then lost in quarterfinals of [[2022 Bengaluru Open – Doubles|Bengaluru Challenger]] to 2nd seeds [[Alexander Erler]] and [[Vít Kopřiva]] 4–6, 3–6. At the [[2022 Bengaluru Open II – Doubles|Bengaluru Challenger 2]], he and Divij lost to compatriots [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] and [[Saketh Myneni]] 1–6, 5–7. He then was in the qualifying round of [[2022 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's singles|Dubai Championships]] where he upset [[João Sousa]] 6–3, 3–6 and 7–6 (7–5) in the 1st round. But just missed to qualify for the main draw by losing to [[Christopher O'Connell]] 3–6, 4–6.

====Success with Saketh Myneni (starting in March)====
Bhambri won the ITF India F1 tournament with [[Saketh Myneni]] after being 2nd seed by defeating compatriots Lohithaksha Bathrinath and Abhinav Sanmugam 6–4,6–1. He and Saketh then were 3rd seeds at ITF India F2 but they lost to 2nd seed compatriots [[Vishnu Vardhan]] and [[Sasi Kumar Mukund]] 3–6,6–2 and 8–10. But they won the next tournament India F3 by defeating compatriots [[Vishnu Vardhan]] and Anirudh Chandrasekhar 6–4,6–2. He and Saketh then entered [[2022 Salinas Challenger – Doubles|Salinas Challenger]], they upset top seeds compatriots [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] and [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]] 6–3,7–6(8–6). They went on to win the tournament by defeating 2nd seeds [[JC Aragone]] and [[Roberto Quiroz]] in the final 4–6,6–3 and 10–7.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2022/04/10/sania-makes-it-to-final-in-charleston-yuki-saketh-win-challenger-title-weekly-round-up-for-the-week-starting-april-4/|access-date=13 April 2022|title=Sania makes it to final in Charleston, Yuki-Saketh win challenger title- Weekly round-up for the week starting April 4|date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=14 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414183951/https://indiantennisdaily.com/2022/04/10/sania-makes-it-to-final-in-charleston-yuki-saketh-win-challenger-title-weekly-round-up-for-the-week-starting-april-4/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2022/04/10/it-took-us-31-hours-to-get-to-salinas-but-it-was-worth-it-in-the-end-yuki-bhambri-after-winning-the-doubles-title-with-saketh-myneni/|access-date=14 April 2022|title="It took us 31 hours to get to Salinas, but it was worth it in the end" – Yuki Bhambri, after winning the doubles title with Saketh Myneni|date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410044546/https://indiantennisdaily.com/2022/04/10/it-took-us-31-hours-to-get-to-salinas-but-it-was-worth-it-in-the-end-yuki-bhambri-after-winning-the-doubles-title-with-saketh-myneni/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhambri and Myneni then made it to the quarterfinals of [[2022 Sarasota Open – Doubles|Sarasota Open]] and [[2022 Tallahassee Tennis Challenger – Doubles|Tallahassee Open]] where they lost to American pair of [[Alex Lawson]] and [[Reese Stalder]] 6–7,6–3,7–10 and [[Cristian Rodríguez (tennis)|Cristian Rodríguez]] and [[Diego Hidalgo (tennis)|Diego Hidalgo]] 3–6,4–6 respectively. They then lost in the semifinals of [[2022 Morelos Open – Doubles|Morelos Open]] to [[Nicolás Mejía]] and [[Roberto Quiroz]] after upsetting fourth seeds [[Skander Mansouri]] and [[Michail Pervolarakis]] in straight sets. Bhambri then entered [[2022 Open du Pays d'Aix – Doubles|Open du Pays d'Aix]] with [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]. They upset top seeds [[Austin Krajicek]] and [[Hugo Nys]] in the quarterfinals, but lost in the semifinals to eventual champions [[Titouan Droguet]] and [[Kyrian Jacquet]] in a tiebreak. He and Saketh lost second seeds Sabanov brothers [[Ivan Sabanov|Ivan]] and [[Matej Sabanov|Matej]] in a tiebreak.

He received a protected ranking in [[2022 French Open – Men's singles qualifying|French Open men's singles qualifiers]] but lost to [[Altuğ Çelikbilek]] in straight sets. Bhambri won the [[2022 UniCredit Czech Open|Prostějov Challenger]] with Myneni. They won by defeating third seeds [[Denys Molchanov]] and [[Franko Škugor]] in the quarterfinals, top seeds [[Alexander Erler]] and [[Lucas Miedler]] in the semifinals in straight sets and second seeds [[Roman Jebavý]] and [[Andrej Martin]] in the final to capture the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menglish.sakshi.com/amp/news/sports/saketh-myneni-yuki-bhambri-win-title-atp-2022-challenger-156079|access-date=4 June 2022|title=Saketh Myneni- Yuki Bhambri Win Title in The ATP 2022 Challenger|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926102006/https://menglish.sakshi.com/amp/news/sports/saketh-myneni-yuki-bhambri-win-title-atp-2022-challenger-156079|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2023-25: Doubles success: Maiden ATP title, Wimbledon & top 25 debuts ===
He entered the [[2023 Australian Open]] as a wildcard pair with [[Saketh Myneni]].
He won his first Grand Slam match as a pair with Myneni, and recorded only his second career doubles win at the [[2023 French Open]], defeating wildcards [[Arthur Rinderknech]] and [[Enzo Couacaud]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/french-open-2023-tennis-roland-garros-india-doubles-first-round-results|title=French Open 2023 tennis: Rohan Bopanna-Matthew Ebden crash out in first round|access-date=2023-08-27|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908181229/https://olympics.com/en/news/french-open-2023-tennis-roland-garros-india-doubles-first-round-results|url-status=live}}</ref>

He won his first ATP title at the [[2023 Mallorca Championships]] with [[Lloyd Harris (tennis)|Lloyd Harris]]. He moved up to world No. 58 in the ATP doubles rankings on 3 July 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/bhambri-harris-haase-oswald-mallorca-2023-doubles-final | title=Yuki Bhambri & Lloyd Harris Win Mallorca Doubles Title on Team Debut | ATP Tour | Tennis | access-date=2 July 2023 | archive-date=2 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702121156/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/bhambri-harris-haase-oswald-mallorca-2023-doubles-final | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/tennis-india-yuki-bhambri-atp-tour-title-mallorca-open-2023-final-score-result|title=Yuki Bhambri wins maiden ATP Tour tennis title in Mallorca|access-date=2023-08-27|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908181230/https://olympics.com/en/news/tennis-india-yuki-bhambri-atp-tour-title-mallorca-open-2023-final-score-result|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/yuki-bhambris-doubles-success-will-inspire-many-indian-players-says-coach-m-balachandran/article67046671.ece | title=Yuki Bhambri's doubles success will inspire many Indian players, says coach M. Balachandran | newspaper=The Hindu | date=5 July 2023 | access-date=6 July 2023 | archive-date=6 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706034951/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/yuki-bhambris-doubles-success-will-inspire-many-indian-players-says-coach-m-balachandran/article67046671.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>
He made his debut at the [[2023 Wimbledon Championships]] as an alternate pair with Myneni.
He reached his second career doubles final at the [[2023 Stockholm Open]] with [[Julian Cash]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tokyo-antwerp-stockholm-2023-doubles-finals | title=Rinky Hijikata & Max Purcell Clinch Tokyo Title, Stefanos Tsitsipas Wins Antwerp Doubles Title | ATP Tour | Tennis }}</ref>

He won his second title at the [[2024 BMW Open]] with [[Albano Olivetti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/bmw-open-2024-tennis-men-doubles-final-india-result-winner-india-yuki-bhambri|title=Yuki Bhambri wins doubles title at Bavarian International 2024 tennis|date=
21 April 2024}}</ref> Following a fourth career final at the [[2024 ATP Lyon Open]] with Olivetti, he reached a new career-high ranking of No. 51 on 10 June 2024. He reached the top 50 in the doubles rankings two weeks later on 24 June 2024.
The pair reached the final at the [[2024 Chengdu Open – Doubles|Chengdu Open]] in September, losing to [[Sadio Doumbia]] and [[Fabien Reboul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/doumbia-reboul-chengdu-hangzhou-2024-doubles-finals|title=Doumbia/Reboul win Chengdu to boost Turin hopes|publisher=ATPTour|accessdate=24 September 2024}}</ref>

Bhambri won the biggest title of his career at the [[2025 Dubai Tennis Championships]] with new partner [[Alexei Popyrin]] defeating second seeds [[Harri Heliövaara]] and [[Henry Patten]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/tennis/yuki-bhambri-upbeat-after-dubai-open-doubles-win-101741100144087.html |title= Yuki Bhambri upbeat after Dubai Open doubles win|date=4 March 2025}}</ref>

==Performance timeline==
{{Performance key}}

===Singles===
''Current through the [[2023 Davis Cup World Group I play-offs|2023 Davis Cup]].''

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Tournament!![[2009 ATP World Tour|2009]]!![[2010 ATP World Tour|2010]]!![[2011 ATP World Tour|2011]]!![[2012 ATP World Tour|2012]]!![[2013 ATP World Tour|2013]]!![[2014 ATP World Tour|2014]]!![[2015 ATP World Tour|2015]]!![[2016 ATP World Tour|2016]]!![[2017 ATP World Tour|2017]]!![[2018 ATP World Tour|2018]]!![[2019 ATP Tour|2019]]!![[2020 ATP Tour|2020]]!![[2021 ATP Tour|2021]]
![[2022 ATP Tour|2022]]
!2023!!SR!!W–L!!Win %
|-
| colspan="19" align="left" |'''[[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam tournaments]]'''
|-
|align=left|[[Australian Open]]
|A
|bgcolor=ecf2ff|[[2010 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2013 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2014 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2015 Australian Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2016 Australian Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2017 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q3]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2018 Australian Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2022 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|
|0 / 3
|0–3
|0%
|-
|align=left|[[French Open]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2015 French Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2017 French Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2018 French Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2022 French Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|
|0 / 1
|0–1
|0%
|-
|align=left|[[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]]
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|style=color:#767676|NH
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2022 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|
|0 / 1
|0–1
|0%
|-
|align=left|[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2012 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2014 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2015 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2017 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q1]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2018 US Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2022 US Open – Men's singles qualifying|Q2]]
|
|0 / 1
|0–1
|0%
|-style=background:#efefef;font-weight:bold
| style="text-align:left" |Win–loss
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–1
|0–1
|0–0
|0–4
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|
|0 / 6
|0–6
|0%
|-
| colspan="19" align="left" |'''[[ATP World Tour Masters 1000|ATP Masters 1000]]'''
|-
|align=left|[[Indian Wells Masters]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2018 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|3R]]
|A
|colspan=1 style=color:#767676|NH
|A
|
|
|0 / 1
|2–1
|67%
|-
|align=left|[[Miami Open (tennis)|Miami Open]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 Sony Ericsson Open – Men's singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2010 Sony Ericsson Open – Men's singles|Q1]]
|A
|A
|bgcolor=f0f8ff|[[2013 Sony Open Tennis – Men's singles|Q1]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2018 Miami Open – Men's singles|2R]]
|A
|style=color:#767676|NH
|A
|
|
|0 / 2
|1–2
|33%
|- style="font-weight:bold;background:#efefef"
| style="text-align:left" |Win–loss
|0–1
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|3–2
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|
|0 / 3
|3–3
|50%
|-
| colspan="19" align="left" |'''National representation'''
|-
| align="left" |[[Tennis at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
| colspan="3" style="color:#767676" |NH
|A
| colspan="3" style="color:#767676" |NH
|A
| colspan="4" style="color:#767676" |NH
|A
|
|
|0 / 0
|0–0
|–
|-
| align="left" |[[Davis Cup]]
| bgcolor="ecf2ff" |[[2009 Davis Cup|PO]]
|A
|A
| bgcolor="ecf2ff" |[[2012 Davis Cup|Z1]]
| bgcolor="ecf2ff" |[[2013 Davis Cup|Z1]]
| bgcolor="ecf2ff" |[[2014 Davis Cup|PO]]
| bgcolor="ecf2ff" |[[2015 Davis Cup|PO]]
|A
| bgcolor="ecf2ff" |[[2017 Davis Cup|PO]]
|A
|A
|A
|A
|
|
|0 / 6
|14–6
|68%
|-style=background:#efefef;font-weight:bold
| style="text-align:left" |Win–loss
|1–0
|0–0
|0–0
|3–1
|2–0
|2–2
|2–2
|0–0
|3–1
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|0–0
|1–0
|
|0 / 6
|14–6
|68%
|-
| colspan="19" align="left" |'''Career statistics'''
|-style=background:#efefef;font-weight:bold
| style="text-align:left" |Titles
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|
| colspan="3" |0
|-style=background:#efefef;font-weight:bold
| style="text-align:left" |Finals
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|
| colspan="3" |0
|-style=background:#efefef;font-weight:bold
| style="text-align:left" |Overall win–loss
|1–1
|1–1
|0–1
|4–2
|2–1
|4–3
|2–3
|0–3
|8–4
|4–10
|0–0
|0–0
|0–2
|2–1
| 0–1
|0 /
|28–33
|46%
|- bgcolor="efefef"
| align="left" |Year-end ranking
|335
|505
|345
|217
|195
|249
|93
|532
|116
|137
|–
|–
|1048
|551
|1180
| colspan="3" |'''$913,713'''
|}

=== Junior Grand Slam tournaments ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! Tournament !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009
|-
| colspan=10 align=left | '''[[List of Grand Slam boys' singles champions|Grand Slam tournaments]]'''
|-
| align=left | [[Australian Open]]
| A
| bgcolor=yellow | [[2008 Australian Open – Boys' singles|SF]]
| bgcolor=lime | [[2009 Australian Open – Boys' singles|'''W''']]
|-
| align=left | [[French Open]]
| A
| bgcolor=afeeee | [[2008 French Open – Boys' singles|1R]]
| A
|-
| align=left | [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]]
| A
| bgcolor=afeeee | [[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' singles|1R]]
| A
|-
| align=left | [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]
| [[2007 US Open (tennis)#Boys' Singles|Q2]]
| bgcolor=afeeee | [[2008 US Open – Boys' singles|2R]]
| bgcolor=ffebcd | [[2009 US Open – Boys' singles|QF]]
|}

== ATP career finals ==

=== Doubles: 8 (4 titles, 4 runner-ups) ===
{|
|-valign=top
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Legend
|-style="background:#f3e6d7;"
|Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
|-style="background:#ffc;"
|ATP Finals (0–0)
|-style="background:#e9e9e9;"
|ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (0–0)
|-style="background:#d4f1c5;"
|ATP World Tour 500 Series (1–0)
|-
|ATP World Tour 250 Series (3–4)
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Finals by surface
|-
|Hard (1–2)
|-
|Clay (2–1)
|-
|Grass (1–1)
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Finals by setting
|-
|Outdoor (3–2)
|-
|Indoor (0–1)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Result
!class="unsortable"|W–L
!{{ns}}Date{{ns}}
!Tournament
!Tier
!Surface
!Partner
!Opponent
!class="unsortable"|Score
|-
|bgcolor=98FB98|Win
|1–0
|[[2023 Mallorca Championships – Doubles|Jun 2023]]
|[[Mallorca Championships]], Spain
|250 Series
|Grass
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Lloyd Harris (tennis)|Lloyd Harris]]
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Haase]] {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Philipp Oswald]]
|6–3, 6–4
|-
|bgcolor= FFA07A |Loss
|1–1
|[[2023 Stockholm Open – Doubles|Oct 2023]]
|[[Stockholm Open]], Sweden
|250 Series
|Hard (i)
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Julian Cash]]
|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Andrey Golubev]] {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Denys Molchanov]]
| 6–7(8–10), 2–6
|-
|bgcolor=98FB98|Win
|2–1
|[[2024 BMW Open – Doubles|{{dts|Apr 2024}}]]
|[[Bavarian International Tennis Championships|Bavarian Championships]], Germany
|250 Series
|Clay
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Albano Olivetti]]
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Andreas Mies]] {{flagicon|GER}} [[Jan-Lennard Struff]]
|7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–5)
|-
|bgcolor = FFA07A |Loss
|2–2
|[[2024 ATP Lyon Open – Doubles|{{dts|May 2024}}]]
|[[ATP Lyon Open]], France
|250 Series
|Clay
|{{flagicon|FRA}} Albano Olivetti
|{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Harri Heliövaara]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Henry Patten]]
| 6–3, 6–7(4–7), [8–10]
|-
|bgcolor=98FB98|Win
|3–2
|[[2024 Swiss Open Gstaad – Doubles|{{dts|Jul 2024}}]]
|[[Swiss Open Gstaad]], Switzerland
|250 Series
|Clay
|{{flagicon|FRA}} Albano Olivetti
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ugo Humbert]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabrice Martin]]
|3–6, 6–3, [10–6]
|-
|bgcolor = FFA07A|Loss
|3–3
|[[2024 Chengdu Open – Doubles|{{dts|Sep 2024}}]]
|[[Chengdu Open]], China
|250 Series
|Hard
|{{flagicon|FRA}} Albano Olivetti
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sadio Doumbia]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Reboul]]
|4–6, 6–4, [4–10]
|-
|bgcolor=98FB98|Win
|4–3
|[[2025 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's doubles|{{dts|Mar 2025}}]]
|style="background:#D4F1C5;"|[[Dubai Tennis Championships]], United Arab Emirates
|style="background:#D4F1C5;"|500 Series
|Hard
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alexei Popyrin]]
|{{flagicon|FIN}} Harri Heliövaara {{flagicon|GBR}} Henry Patten
|3–6, 7–6(14–12), [10–8]
|-
|bgcolor=FFA07A|Loss
|4–4
|[[2025 Mallorca Championships – Doubles|Jun 2025]]
|Mallorca Championships, Spain
|250 Series
|Grass
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Galloway (tennis)|Robert Galloway]]
|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Santiago González (tennis)|Santiago González]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Austin Krajicek]]
|1–6, 6–1, [13–15]
|}

==Junior Grand Slam finals==

===Singles: 1 (1 title)===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Result
!Year
!Tournament
!Surface
!Opponent
!class="unsortable"|Score
|- style="background:#ffffcc;"
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|[[2009 Australian Open – Boys' singles|2009]]
|[[Australian Open]]
|Hard
|{{flagicon|GER}} Alexandros Georgoudas
|6–3, 6–1
|}

==ATP Challenger and ITF Futures Finals==

===Singles: 28 (19 titles, 9 runner-ups)===
{|
|-valign=top
|
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%
!Legend
|-bgcolor=moccasin
|ATP Challenger (7–5)
|-bgcolor=cffcff
|ITF Futures (12–4)
|}
|
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%
!Finals by surface
|-
|Hard (18–8)
|-
|Clay (0–1)
|-
|Grass (0–0)
|-
|Carpet (1–0)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Result
!class="unsortable"|W–L
!Date
!Tournament
!Tier
!Surface
!Opponent
!class="unsortable"|Score
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|1–0
|{{dts|Apr 2009}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F3, [[New Delhi]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]]
|7–6(7–1), 6–4
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|2–0
|{{dts|May 2009}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F4, [[New Delhi]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Raven Klaasen]]
|7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–5)
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|3–0
|{{dts|Jul 2009}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F5, [[New Delhi]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Gajjar]]
|6–2, 7–6(8–6)
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|4–0
|{{dts|Aug 2009}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F8, [[New Delhi]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]]
|6–4, 6–3
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|5–0
|{{dts|Oct 2009}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F10, [[Kolkata]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} Rupesh Roy
|6–3, 7–6(7–4)
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|6–0
|{{dts|Mar 2011}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F1, [[Mumbai]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Roko Karanušić]]
|2–6, 7–5, 6–3
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|6–1
|{{dts|Apr 2011}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F3, [[Chandigarh]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]]
|6–4, 5–7, 3–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|7–1
|{{dts|Oct 2011}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Nigeria F3, [[Lagos]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Ruan Roelofse]]
|7–5, 7–5
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|8–1
|{{dts|May 2012}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2012 Fergana Challenger – Singles|Fergana]], Uzbekistan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Amir Weintraub]]
|6–3, 6–3
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|8–2
|{{dts|Apr 2013}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Qatar F2, [[Doha]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Marek Semjan]]
|6–3, 6–6 ret.
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|8–3
|{{dts|Aug 2013}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Chinese Taipei F1, [[Taipei City]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Liang-chi]]
|6–4, 5–7 ret.
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|9–3
|{{dts|Sep 2013}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Chinese Taipei F2, [[Taipei City]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kento Takeuchi]]
|7–5, 6–4
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|9–4
|{{dts|Sep 2013}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2013 OEC Kaohsiung – Singles|Kaohsiung]], Taiwan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lu Yen-hsun]]
|4–6, 3–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|10–4
|{{dts|Nov 2013}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2013 Traralgon Challenger – Singles|Traralgon]], Australia
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Bradley Klahn]]
|6–7(13–15), 6–3, 6–4
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|11–4
|{{dts|Nov 2013}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F9, [[Delhi]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[N.Sriram Balaji]]
|6–2, 6–2
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|12–4
|{{dts|Feb 2014}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2014 Shriram Capital P.L. Reddy Memorial Challenger – Singles|Chennai]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Kudryavtsev]]
|4–6, 6–3, 7–5
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|12–5
|{{dts|Aug 2014}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|USA F23, [[Edwardsville, Illinois|Edwardsville]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|USA}} Mitchell Frank
|6–7(5–7), 2–6
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|12–6
|{{dts|Feb 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 Delhi Open – Men's singles|New Delhi]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Somdev Devvarman]]
|6–3, 4–6, 0–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|13–6
|{{dts|Apr 2015}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Uzbekistan F1, [[Qarshi]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Dzmitry Zhyrmont]]
|6–2, 6–4
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|13–7
|{{dts|May 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 Samarkand Challenger – Singles|Samarkand]], Uzbekistan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Clay
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Teymuraz Gabashvili]]
|3–6, 1–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|14–7
|{{dts|Sep 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 Shanghai Challenger – Singles|Shanghai]], China
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wu Di (tennis)|Di Wu]]
|3–6, 6–0, 7–6(7–3)
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|14–8
|{{dts|Sep 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 OEC Kaohsiung – Singles|Kaohsiung]], Taiwan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chung Hyeon]]
|5–7, 4–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|15–8
|{{dts|Nov 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 KPIT MSLTA Challenger – Singles|Pune]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy]]
|6–2, 7–6(7–4)
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|16–8
|{{dts|Dec 2016}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Hong Kong F4, Hong Kong
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|JPN}} Shintaro Imai
|6–4, 7–5
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|17–8
|{{dts|Feb 2017}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|India F1, [[Chandigarh]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[N.Sriram Balaji]]
|6–2, 6–2
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|18–8
|{{dts|Nov 2017}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2017 KPIT MSLTA Challenger – Singles|Pune]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]
|4–6, 6–3, 6–4
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|18–9
|{{dts|Feb 2018}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2018 Chennai Open Challenger – Singles|Chennai]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jordan Thompson (tennis)|Jordan Thompson]]
|5–7, 6–3, 5–7
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|19–9
|{{dts|Apr 2018}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2018 Santaizi ATP Challenger – Singles|Taipei]], Taiwan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Carpet
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]
|6–3, 6–4
|}

===Doubles: 30 (17 titles, 13 runner-ups)===
{|
|-valign=top
|
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%
!Legend
|-bgcolor=moccasin
|ATP Challenger (14–10)
|-bgcolor=cffcff
|ITF Futures (5–3)
|}
|
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%
!Finals by surface
|-
|Hard (15–13)
|-
|Clay (2–0)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Result
!class="unsortable"|W–L
!Date
!Tournament
!Tier
!Surface
!Partner
!Opponents
!class="unsortable"|Score
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|0–1
|{{dts|Sep 2010}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2010 Chang-Sat Bangkok Open – Doubles|Bangkok]], Thailand
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ryler Deheart]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Gong Maoxin]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Zhe (tennis)|Zhe Li]]
|3–6, 4–6
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|0–2
|{{dts|Feb 2011}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Cambodia F2, [[Phnom Penh]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vivek Shokeen]]
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Liang-chi]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Hsin-han]]
|3–6, 4–6
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|0–3
|{{dts|Oct 2011}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Indonesia F4, [[Jakarta]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Gajjar]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Zhe (tennis)|Zhe Li]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Yi Chu-Huan]]
|3–6, 2–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|1–3
|{{dts|Oct 2011}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Nigeria F3, [[Lagos]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ranjeet Virali-Murugesan]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Rastogi]]
|6–2, 7–5
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|2–3
|{{dts|May 2012}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2012 Busan Open Challenger Tennis – Doubles|Busan]], South Korea
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Hsin-han]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Peng Hsien-yin]]
|1–6, 6–1, [10–5]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|2–4
|{{dts|Jul 2012}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2012 Penza Cup – Doubles|Penza]], Russia
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Konstantin Kravchuk]] {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Nikolaus Moser]]
|7–6(7–5), 3–6, [7–10]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|2–5
|{{dts|Aug 2012}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2012 Beijing International Challenger – Men's doubles|Beijing]], China
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Sanchai Ratiwatana]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Sonchat Ratiwatana]]
|6–7(3–7), 6–2, [6–10]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|2–6
|{{dts|Sep 2012}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2012 Shanghai Challenger – Doubles|Shanghai]], China
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Sanchai Ratiwatana]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Sonchat Ratiwatana]]
|4–6, 4–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|3–6
|{{dts|Jul 2013}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2013 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship – Doubles|Winnetka]], United States
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Michael Venus]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Somdev Devvarman]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jack Sock]]
|2–6, 6–2, [10–8]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|3–7
|{{dts|Sep 2013}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2013 OEC Kaohsiung – Doubles|Kaohsiung]], Taiwan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wang Chieh-Fu]]
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Juan Sebastián Cabal]] {{flagicon|COL}} [[Robert Farah (tennis)|Robert Farah]]
|4–6, 2–6
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|3–8
|{{dts|Oct 2013}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Australia F10, [[Sydney]]
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yasutaka Uchiyama]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Propoggia]] {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Rubin Statham|José Statham]]
|4–6, 3–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|4–8
|{{dts|Feb 2014}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2014 Shriram Capital P.L. Reddy Memorial Challenger – Doubles|Chennai]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Michael Venus]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[N.Sriram Balaji]] {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Blaž Rola]]
|6–4, 7–6(7–3)
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|5–8
|{{dts|Sep 2014}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2014 Shanghai Challenger – Doubles|Shanghai]], China
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Somdev Devvarman]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanam Singh]]
|7–6(7–2), 6–7(4–7), [10–8]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|5–9
|{{dts|Oct 2014}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2014 Indore Open ATP Challenger – Doubles|Indore]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Menéndez Maceiras]] {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Aleksandr Nedovyesov]]
|6–2, 4–6, [3–10]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|6–9
|{{dts|May 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 Karshi Challenger – Doubles|Karshi]], Uzbekistan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Menéndez Maceiras]]
|{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Sergey Betov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Mikhail Elgin]]
|5–7, 6–3, [10–8]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|6–10
|{{dts|Aug 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 Comerica Bank Challenger – Doubles|Aptos]], United States
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Ebden]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chris Guccione (tennis)|Chris Guccione]] {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Artem Sitak]]
|4–6, 6–7(2–7)
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|6–11
|{{dts|Aug 2015}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2015 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open – Men's doubles|Vancouver]], Canada
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Michael Venus]]
|{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Treat Huey]] {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Frederik Nielsen]]
|6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), [5–10]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|7–11
|{{dts|Feb 2016}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2016 Delhi Open – Men's doubles|New Delhi]], India
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanam Singh]]
|6–3, 4–6, [10–5]
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|7–12
|{{dts|Oct 2017}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2017 Tashkent Challenger – Doubles|Tashkent]], Uzbekistan
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]]
|{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Hans Podlipnik Castillo]] {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|Andrei Vasilevski]]
|4–6, 2–6
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|8–12
|{{dts|Mar 2021}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|M15 [[Lucknow]], India
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Vijay Sundar Prashanth]] {{flagicon|IND}} Vinayak Sharma Kaza
|6–2, 6–3
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|9–12
|{{dts|Nov 2021}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|M15 [[Gurugram]], India
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[S D Prajwal Dev]] {{flagicon|IND}} Rishi Reddy
|6–4, 7–6(8–6)
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|10–12
|{{dts|Mar 2022}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|M15 [[Bhopal]], India
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Futures
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} L. Bathrinath {{flagicon|IND}} A. Shanmugam
|6–4, 6–1
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|11–12
|{{dts|Apr 2022}}
|style="background:#cffcff;"|M15 [[New Delhi]], India
|style="background:#cffcff;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Anirudh Chandrasekhar {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]]
|6–4, 6–2
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|12–12
|{{dts|Apr 2022}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2022 Salinas Challenger – Doubles|Salinas]], Ecuador
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[JC Aragone]] {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Roberto Quiroz]]
|4–6, 6–3, [10–7]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|13–12
|{{dts|May 2022}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2022 UniCredit Czech Open – Doubles|Prostějov]], Czech Republic
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Clay
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Roman Jebavý]] {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Andrej Martin]]
|6-3, 7-5
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|14–12
|{{dts|Jul 2022}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2022 Porto Challenger – Doubles|Porto]], Portugal
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Nuno Borges (tennis)|Nuno Borges]] {{flagicon|POR}} [[Francisco Cabral (tennis)|Francisco Cabral]]
|6–4, 3–6, [10–6]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|15–12
|{{dts|Aug 2022}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2022 Lexington Challenger – Men's doubles|Lexington]], USA
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Gijs Brouwer]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Aidan McHugh]]
|3–6, 6–4, [10–8]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|16–12
|{{dts|Aug 2022}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2022 Rafa Nadal Open – Doubles|Mallorca]], Spain
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Marek Gengel]] {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Lukáš Rosol]]
|6–2, 6–2
|-
|style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
|16–13
|{{dts|Oct 2022}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2022 Gwangju Open – Doubles|Gwangju]], South Korea
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Nicolás Barrientos]] {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela]]
| 6–2, 3–6, [6–10]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|17–13
|{{dts|Jan 2023}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2023 Nonthaburi Challenger II – Doubles|Nonthaburi]], Thailand
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|INA}} [[Christopher Rungkat]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Akira Santillan]]
|2–6, 7–6(9–7), [14–12]
|-
|style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
|18–13
|{{dts|Apr 2023}}
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[2023 Girona Challenger – Doubles|Girona]], Spain
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Clay
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Íñigo Cervantes]] {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Oriol Roca Batalla]]
|6–4, 6–4
|-
|bgcolor=98FB98|Win
|19–13
|[[2023 Brest Challenger – Doubles|{{dts|Oct 2023}}]]
|style="background:moccasin;"|[[Brest Challenger|Brest]], France
|style="background:moccasin;"|Challenger
|Hard (i)
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Julian Cash]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Galloway (tennis)|Robert Galloway]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Albano Olivetti]]
|6–7(5–7), 6–3, [10–5]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{ATP}}
* {{ITF}}
* {{Davis Cup player}}

{{Australian Open boys' singles champions}}
{{Portal bar|Tennis|India|Biography|Sports}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhambri, Yuki}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) junior champions]]
[[Category:Indian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Delhi]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in tennis]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games tennis players for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Medchal Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T05:30:24Z

Basavaraj: Starting Initial Pg Initial Version

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Medchal
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (43-Medchal highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Medchal Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Malla Reddy|Chamakura Malla Reddy]]
| party = {{party index link|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
| established = 1951
| latest_election_year = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Medchal–Malkajgiri district|Medchal–Malkajgiri]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency|Malkajgiri]]
| electors = 432,202
| constituency_no = 43
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Mallareddy.jpg
| type = SLA
}}

'''Medchal Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Medchal–Malkajgiri district]] of [[Telangana]] that elects representatives to the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/its-congress-vs-trs-in-medchal/article5941122.ece|title=It’s Congress Vs TRS in Medchal|work=thehindu.com|publisher=The Hindu|date=2014-04-24|access-date=2016-02-18}}</ref>

[[Malla Reddy|Chamakura Malla Reddy]] is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]. As of 2018, there are a total of 432,202 electors in the constituency.

==Mandals==
The assembly constituency presently comprises the following mandals:{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Medchal mandal|Medchal]]
|-
| [[Shamirpet mandal|Shamirpet]]
|-
| [[Ghatkesar mandal|Ghatkesar]]
|-
| [[Keesara mandal|Keesara]]
|-
| [[Medipally mandal|Medipally]]
|-
| [[Kapra mandal|Kapra]]
|-
| [[Muduchinthalapalli mandal|Muduchinthalapalli]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4 |[[Hyderabad State]]
|-
| [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Varakantam Gopal Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!colspan=4 |[[United Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| V. Ramchandra Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" | Sumitra Devi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Singireddy Uma Venkatarama Reddy
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Kommareddy Surender Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Singireddy Uma Venkatarama Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan="3" | [[T. Devender Goud|Tulla Devender Goud]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Kichannagari Laxma Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!colspan=4 | [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| Malipedhi Sudheer Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Malla Reddy|Chamakura Malla Reddy]]
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Medchal]]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Malla Reddy|Chamakura Malla Reddy]]|votes=1,86,017| percentage=46.44|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thotakura Vajresh Yadav|votes=1,52,598 |percentage=38.10|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Yenugu Sudharshan Reddy|votes=50,535|percentage=12.62|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=3,737|percentage=0.93|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=33,479|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=4,00,602|percentage=62.79|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| loser = INC
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Medchal}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Malla Reddy|Chamakura Malla Reddy]]|votes=1,67,324|percentage=54.98|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kichannagari Laxma Reddy|votes=79,334|percentage=26.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Peddi Mohan Reddy|votes=48,870|percentage=16.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=3,402|percentage=1.12|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=87,990|percentage=28.91|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=3,04,361|percentage=60.72|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser =Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Medchal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34770/239|title=Medchal Results|work=indiavotes.com}}</ref>}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Malipedhi Sudheer Reddy|votes=1,14,235|percentage=43.41|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Thotakura Jangaiah Yadav|votes=70,780|percentage=26.90|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kichannagari Laxma Reddy|votes=58,016|percentage=22.05|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Lok Satta Party|candidate=Dr. G. R. Linga Murthy|votes=5,076|percentage=1.93|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=B. Beenu Prakash|votes=4,856|percentage=1.85|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Chinthala Yadaiah|votes=1,615|percentage=0.61|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Bakkola Ram Mohan|votes=1,327|percentage=0.50|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,308|percentage=0.50|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=43,455|percentage=16.51|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,63,134|percentage=60.87|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser =Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Medchal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34770/239|title=Medchal Results|work=indiavotes.com}}</ref>}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kichannagari Laxma Reddy|votes=69,312|percentage=36.25|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Nakka Prabhakar Goud|votes=63,742|percentage=33.34|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Thotakura Jangaiah Yadav|votes=38,866|percentage=20.33|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=5,570|percentage=2.91|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=1,91,189|percentage=60.64|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Medchal]]
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.63|78.49|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Ranga Reddy district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Kesinga Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T12:38:17Z

Basavaraj:

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Odisha Legislative Assembly}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kesinga
| type = SLA
| constituency_no =
| state = [[Odisha]]
| district = [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency|Kalahandi]]
| established = 1961
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}

'''Kesinga''' was an Assembly constituency from [[Kalahandi district]] of [[Odisha]]. It was established in 1961 as Madanpur Rampur constituency & in 1966 delimitation, the name was changed to Kesinga. It was abolished in 2008. After 2008 delimitation, It was subsumed by the [[Narla Assembly constituency|Narla]] and [[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=http://archive.org/details/dpaco-1961 |title=1961 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order of India |date=1961-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=http://archive.org/details/delimitation-orders-1967 |title=1963–1967 Delimitation Orders Statewise Notifications |date=1967}}</ref><ref name="dpaco2008">{{cite web |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |page=321}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
Between 1961 & 2008, 11 elections were held.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-17 |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=orissa.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesinga Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kesinga-odisha-assembly-constituency |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=resultuniversity.com |language=en}}</ref>

List of members elected from Kesinga constituency are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan="4"| {{center|''As Madanpur Rampur constituency''}}
|-
| [[1961 Orissa Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
| [[Bira Kesari Deo|Birakeshari Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{center|''As Kesinga constituency''}}
|-
| [[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Bhagaban Bhoi
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Sarat Chandra Singh Deo
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Nagendra Nath Choudhury
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Kiran Chandra Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| [[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Dhaneswar Majhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kalahandi district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}

[[Category:Kalahandi district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

{{Kalahandi-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Amarpur, Bihar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:33Z

Basavaraj: new first pg needs work!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Bihar legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the constituency in Tripura|Amarpur, Tripura Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}.
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Amarpur, Bihar Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = 159-Amarpur, Bihar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]] {{Small|[[Government of Bihar|Ex Minister, Government of Bihar]]}}
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| preceded_by = [[Janardan Manjhi]] [[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.svg|20px]] {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Banka district|Banka]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no = 159
| established = 1957
| electors = 298,837
| incumbent_image = Jayant raj kushwaha.jpg
| abolished = 
}}

'''Amarpur Assembly constituency''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It is part of [[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]] Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Dhoraiya, Katoria, Belhar and Banka.<ref name="election2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/banka.html | title=Banka Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher=elections.in | access-date=10 March 2014}}</ref> The current MLA is [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]] of [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref name="election2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/bihar-assembly-elections-2020/amarpur-election-results-live-s04a159/|title=Amarpur Vidhan Sabha 2020|website=News18|access-date=2020-11-29}}</ref>

==Overview==
Amarpur comprises CD Blocks Shambhuganj & Amarpur.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Amarpur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/amarpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Shital Prasad Bhagat
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Sukhnarain Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Janardan Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Neel Mohan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Madhav Mandal
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Surendra Prasad Singh Kushwaha|Surendra Prasad Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Janardan Manjhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Bihar Assembly election, 2025: Amarpur, Bihar<ref name="election2020"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]]
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = {{formatnum:103944}}
|percentage = 53.51
|change = +20.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jitendra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:70723}}
|percentage = 36.41
|change = +5.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Sujata Vaidya
|votes = {{formatnum:4789}}
|percentage = 2.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ritesh Kumar Jha
|votes = {{formatnum:2406}}
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Md Zakir Hossain
|votes = {{formatnum:2221}}
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:6017}}
|percentage = 3.1
|change = +0.94
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:33221}}
|percentage = 17.1
|change = +15.2
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:194247}}
|percentage = 65.0
|change = +9.54
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election<ref name="election2020"/>|Bihar Assembly election, 2020: Amarpur, Bihar<ref name="election2020"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]]
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = {{formatnum:54308}}
|percentage = 33.13
|change = -14.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jitendra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:51194}}
|percentage = 31.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Mrinal Shekhar
|votes = {{formatnum:40308}}
|percentage = 24.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pravin Kumar Jha
|votes = {{formatnum:2125}}
|percentage = 1.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Anil Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2096}}
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Krishana Mohan Thakur
|votes = {{formatnum:2089}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bipin Kishor Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:1923}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Right to Recall Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1720}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3534}}
|percentage = 2.16
|change = -2.27
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3114}}
|percentage = 1.9
|change = -5.75
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:163933}}
|percentage = 55.46
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (United)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin | title=2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election<ref name="election2015"/>|Bihar Assembly election, 2015: Amarpur<ref name="election2015">[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ Bihar Assembly Election 2015]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Janardan Manjhi]]
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = {{formatnum:73707}}
|percentage = 47.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Mrinal Shekhar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:61934}}
|percentage = 40.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Surendra Prasad Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2864}}
|percentage = 1.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Suryadeo Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2134}}
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:6818}}
|percentage = 4.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11773}}
|percentage = 7.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:153925}}
|percentage = 55.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{Election box begin | title=2010 Bihar legislative assembly election<ref name="election2010"/>|Bihar assembly elections, 2010: Amarpur<ref name="election2010">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf Bihar Assembly Election 2010]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Janardan Manjhi
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = 47300
|percentage = 40.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Surendra Prasad Singh
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 29293
|percentage = 25.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2005===
{{Election box begin | title=2005 Feb Bihar legislative assembly election<ref name="election2005Feb"/>|Bihar assembly elections, 2005 Feb: Amarpur<ref name="election2005Feb">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2005/stat_BR_Feb2005.pdf Bihar Assembly Election 2005Feb]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Surendra Prasad Singh
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 31428
|percentage = 28.76%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Bedanand Singh
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = 25109
|percentage = 22.97%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2000===
{{Election box begin | title=2000 Bihar legislative assembly election<ref name="election2000"/>|Bihar assembly elections, 2000: Amarpur<ref name="election2000">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2000/stat_BR_Feb2000.pdf Bihar Assembly Election 2000]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Surendra Prasad Singh
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 49144
|percentage = 42.11%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Nawal Kishore Choudhary
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 42,678
|percentage = 36.57%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{coords|25.04|86.90|display=title}}

[[Category:Politics of Banka district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Bihar]]

Chintalapudi Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:58Z

Basavaraj: made some pg w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chintalapudi
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 68
| established = 1951
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (68-Chintalapudi highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Chintalapudi Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| district = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Songa Roshan Kumar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 263,337
}}
'''Chintalapudi''' is a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] reserved constituency in [[Eluru district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref name="electors">{{cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Electors Summary |url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf |access-date=24 May 2019 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=20, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Songa Roshan Kumar]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Chintalapudi, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: TDP's Roshan Kumar Songa with 120126 defeats YSRCP's Kambham Vijaya Raju |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/chintalapudi-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548259-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> {{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
The four mandals that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Chintalapudi mandal|Chintalapudi]]
|-
| [[Lingapalem]]
|-
| [[Kamavarapukota]]
|-
| [[Jangareddigudem]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Motaparithi Kunerao
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Revulagadda Yesupadam
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| G. Vishnumurthy
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Koneswararao Dannapaneni
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Gadde Venkateswara Rao
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=5 |[[Kotagiri Vidyadhara Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Ghanta Murali Ramakrishna
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Maddala Rajesh Kumar
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Peethala Sujatha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Vunnamatla Eliza|Vunnamatla Rakada Eliza]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Songa Roshan Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintalapudi<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Motaparithi Kunerao |party=Communist Party of India |votes=24,003 |percentage=45.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamadana Venkatarama Surya Prakasa Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,667 |percentage=31.91% |change=31.91% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kummareddi Suryanarayana |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=11,562 |percentage=22.14% |change=
}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,336 |percentage=14.05% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,232 |percentage=72.81% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,734 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintalapudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ghanta Murali Ramakrishna
|votes = 75044
|percentage = 49.58
|change = +16.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Kotagiri Vidyadher Rao
|votes = 73,538
|percentage = 48.53
|change = -8.50
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,506
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 151,546
|percentage = 86.68
|change = +4.78
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintalapudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Maddala Rajesh Kumar
|votes = 62,078
|percentage = 33.35
|change = -11.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Karra Raja Rao
|votes = 60,661
|percentage = 32.55
|change = -10.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = K M Ambedkar
|votes = 45,778
|percentage = 27.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,417
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 177,513
|percentage = 83.73
|change = -2.95
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu desam party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintalapudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Peethala Sujatha
|votes = 105,417
|percentage = 52.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Burla Devi Priya
|votes = 90,253
|percentage = 44.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,164
|percentage = 7.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 202,553
|percentage = 84.40
|change = +0.67
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintalapudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Vunnamatla Eliza]]|votes=115,755|percentage=53.53|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Karra Rajarao|votes=79,580|percentage=36.8|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=36,175|percentage=16.73|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=216,232|percentage=84.40|change=+0.67}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party

|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2024"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chintalapudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Songa Roshan Kumar]]|votes=1,20,126|percentage=53.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Kambham Vijaya Raju
|votes = 92,360
|percentage = 40.98
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Vunnamatla Eliza]]|votes=4,958|percentage=2.20|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=4,121|percentage=1.83|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=27,766|percentage=12.1|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,25,391|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2024"/>

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|17.07|80.99|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Eluru district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Yele Mallappa Shetty

2026-04-14T01:39:16Z

Basavaraj: Put up some entry w/ sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Rao Bahadur]]
| name = Yele Mallappa Shetty
| image = File:Yele Mallappa Shetty.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Yele Mallappa Shetty
| image_size =
| birth_date = 1815
| birth_name = Mari Mallappa Shetty
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (now in [[Karnataka]])
| death_date = 1887
| death_place = [[Bangalore]]
| profession =
| native_name = ಎಲೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪ್ಪ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ
| known_for = • [[Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake]] construction • Bangalore Maternity hospital initial setup (1880) • [[Kadu Malleshwara Temple]] re-construction
| occupation = [[Philanthropist]], [[Betel|Betel leaf]] merchant and [[farmer]]
| spouse = Sharvanamma (till her death) Honnamma
| children = 2
}}

[[Rao Bahadur]] '''Yele Mallappa Shetty''' ([[Kannada]]: ರಾವ್ ಬಹದ್ದೂರ್ ಎಲೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪ್ಪ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ), (1815-1887), was an [[Indian people|Indian]] merchant and [[philanthropist]]. In the late 19th century when the [[Bangalore]] region was suffering from a [[Great Famine of 1876–1878|great drought]], He generously donated a large part of his wealth to the construction of a large lake to harvest rainwater and provide respite to the people, now its popularly known as [[Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake]].<ref name="YMS_Lake_01">{{Cite news |date=2013-03-22 |title=The spirit of sharing |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/homes-and-gardens/the-spirit-of-sharing/article4537770.ece |access-date=2023-02-18 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He also had given financial assistance to set up the Bangalore's first [[maternity hospital]] in 1880.<ref name="YMS_Hospital">{{Cite news |date=2013-09-03 |title=The health heritage of Bangalore |language=en-IN |work=deccanherald|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/354865/health-heritage-bangalore.html |access-date=2023-02-18 }}</ref><ref name="gazetteer">{{Cite book |editor=C. Hayavadana Rao |date=1930-01-01 |chapter=Medical and public health services |language=en-IN |title=Karnataka State Gazetteer |chapter-url=https://gazetteer.karnataka.gov.in/storage/pdf-files/Bangalore1990Chapter16Pdf.pdf |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218180804/https://gazetteer.karnataka.gov.in/storage/pdf-files/Bangalore1990Chapter16Pdf.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was honoured with the title "[[Rao Bahadur]]" by the [[Emperor of India|British government]] for his philanthropy.

==Early years==
Yele Mallappa Shetty was born in 1815 in a [[Lingayat]] family of [[Bangalore]]. He continued his family business and became a successful and rich [[Betel|Betel leaf]] merchant.<ref name="timesofindia">{{Cite news |author=Mrinhalini Bhat |date=2022-03-26|title=Karnataka CM Basavaraj Bommai's budget pledge ups hope of lake revival near KR Puram|language=en-IN |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/cms-budget-pledge-ups-hope-of-lake-revival-near-kr-puram/articleshow/90450786.cms |access-date=2023-02-18 }}</ref>

Shettaru was married to Sharvanamma, together they had two daughters named Nanjamma and Nirvanamma. After the death of his wife Sharvanamma, he was married to Honnamma.

==Social work==
[[File:Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake 2019.jpg|thumb|[[Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake]] in 2019]]
In the late 19th century during [[Great Famine of 1876–1878]] when the [[Bangalore]] and surrounding areas were suffering from a great drought, The existing lakes and ponds had dried up and the [[British Raj|British Government]] and the [[Mysore Kingdom]] were making all out efforts to meet the challenge of providing water to the parched residents, Yele Mallappa Shetty, generously donated a large part of his own wealth to the construction of huge lake now it is called as [[Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake]] to harvest [[rainwater]] and provide assistance to the people.<ref name="YMS_Lake_01"/> As the effect of [[Great Famine of 1876–1878|great draught]], local farmers were suffering from [[Famine|food scarcity]], Shettaru used them as a daily wage workers to construct the lake by giving financial support. The lake is located in North-East Bangalore, near [[Whitefield, Bangalore|Whitefield]]. The 260 acre Yele Mallappa Shetty lake is one of the largest lakes in Bangalore. The lake has the Old Madras Road passing through it.<ref name="Google_Map">{{cite web |title=Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake on Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Yele+Mallappa+Shetty+Lake/@13.0286551,77.7192627,15z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x3bae1030cab37c17:0xc7b3b3483a51ea76!2sYele+Mallappa+Shetty+Lake!3b1!8m2!3d13.0231219!4d77.7294705!3m4!1s0x3bae1030cab37c17:0xc7b3b3483a51ea76!8m2!3d13.0231219!4d77.7294705 |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Google Maps}}</ref> The lake served as a lifeline for people living in its vicinity. Later, it also began supplying water to Bangalore.<ref name="bangaloremirror">{{Cite news |author=Aliyeh Rizvi |date=2015-02-08|title=Resident Rendezvoyeur: A large heart|language=en-IN |work=Bangalore Mirror |department=Opinion |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/others/hoskote-krishnarajapuram-migratory-birds-water-scarcity/articleshow/46167201.cms |access-date=2023-02-18 }}</ref><ref name="timesofindia"/>

In 1880, After a death of one of the [[Yele Mallappa Shetty Lake|lake]]'s construction workers during childbirth, Shettaru decided to set up a [[maternity hospital]] to help the women across Bangalore surrounding regions. The Bangalore's first government-run [[maternity hospital]] with 90 beds was set up on Cenotaph Road (present IGP office place on Nrupathunga Road) through huge financial assistance of Yele Mallappa Shetty. The hospital was popularly known as Yele Mallappa Shetty Maternity Hospital, in 1935, it was shifted and merged with current [[Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital|Vani villas hospital]].<ref name="YMS_Hospital"/><ref name="gazetteer"/>

In Shettaru's last days, He involved in constructing the temple structure around the historic [[Kadu Malleshwara Temple]] in [[Malleswaram]]. The structure funded by Shettaru came to be completed after his death sometime in 1900.<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |author=K. Chandramouli |date=2002-08-29|title=Home to all faiths|language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/29/stories/2002082900270200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182513/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/29/stories/2002082900270200.htm |archive-date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>
[[File:Nandi-Tirtha-Temple-Malleswaram-Bangalore (4).jpg|thumb|[[Sri Dakshinamukha Nandi Tirtha Kalyani Kshetra|Nandi Tirtha Temple]] Malleswaram Bangalore ]]

==Honours==
* [[Queen Victoria]], [[Empress of India]], granted Yele Mallappa Shetty the nobility of "Rao Bahadur".
* A road in [[Bangarpet]] (earlier Bowringpet) was named after Yele Mallappa Shetty.<ref name="bangaloremirror"/>

==Death==
Yele Mallappa Shetty died in 1887 at the age of 72.

==See also==
* [[K. P. Puttanna Chetty]]
* [[Sajjan Rao]]
* [[Gubbi Thotadappa]]
* [[Raja Sir Savalai Ramaswami Mudaliar]]
* [[Janopakari Doddanna Setty]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*Book: Random Harvest : Biographical Sketches (Memoir 60) written by [[Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna]] Published by [[Geological Survey of India|GSI]], 2005, {{ISBN|9788185867656}}.Page-155
*Mysore Gazetteer Vol-v (1930) by [[C. Hayavadana Rao]],1930
* Udaracharitharu Udattaprasangagalu by [[T. V. Venkatachala Sastry]], 2013, {{ASIN|B0733GTWX6}}
* Biography of 'Yele Mallappa Shetty' written by [https://www.bookbrahma.com/author/jaya-rajashekar Jaya Rajashekar]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallappa Shetty, Yele}}
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1887 deaths]]
[[Category:Rai Bahadurs]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian merchants]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from British India]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Mysore]]

Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri

2026-04-12T22:38:46Z

Basavaraj: Starting Some Post From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian economist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri
|image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1934|01|04}}
| birth_place = Srigauri, [[Cachar]], [[Assam]], British India
|alma_mater = [[Presidency University, Kolkata]] [[MIT]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2015|05|19|1934|01|04}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| othername = MDC
| occupation = Theoretical economist Writer Academic
| yearsactive = 1966–2008
| known for = Academics in Economics Writings
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}
'''Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri''' (1934–2015), popularly known as '''MDC''',<ref name="Remembering Mrinal-da">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/specials-career-remembering-mrinal-datta-chaudhuri-/20150522.htm | title=Remembering Mrinal-da | publisher=ReDiff | date=22 May 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> was an Indian theoretical economist, academic and a professor of the [[Delhi School of Economics]].<ref name="Economist Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri passes away at 81">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/economist-mrinal-datta-chaudhuri-passes-away-at-81/article7227413.ece | title=Economist Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri passes away at 81 | newspaper=The Hindu | date=20 May 2015 | access-date=3 June 2016| last1=Banerjee | first1=Shoumojit }}</ref> He was a member of the [[Institute for Advanced Study]], Princeton.<ref name="IAS member">{{cite web | url=https://www.ias.edu/scholars/mrinal-k-datta-chaudhuri | title=IAS member | publisher=Institute for Advanced Study | date=2016 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2005, for his contributions to literature and education.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri was born on 4 January 1935 at Srigauri, a small village in [[Cachar, Assam]], in East Bengal of the [[British India]].<ref name="Life Sketch">{{cite web | url=http://econdse.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Prof.M.D.-Chaudhuri-Memorial-Meeting.pdf | title=Life Sketch | publisher=Delhi School of Economics | date=2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> He did his college education at [[Shantiniketan]] where he studied with [[Amartya Sen]], who later won the [[Nobel Prize]] for economics, and [[Sukhamoy Chakraborty]].<ref name="Teacher of economics, and more">{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/teacher-of-economics-and-more-mrinal-datta-chaudhuri-had-the-gift-of-inspiring-students-to-reach-beyond-the-mundane-syllabus/ | title=Teacher of economics, and more | publisher=Indian Express | date=20 July 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> He completed his post graduate education at [[Presidency College, Calcutta]].<ref name="Economist Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri passes away at 81" /> Receiving a full-paid scholarship to pursue his doctoral studies at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], he studied under the guidance of [[Paul Samuelson]], the first American Nobel Laureate in Economics who was later described by the [[New York Times]] as the ''foremost academic economist of the 20th century''.<ref name="Paul A. Samuelson, Economist, Dies at 94">{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/business/economy/14samuelson.html | title=Paul A. Samuelson, Economist, Dies at 94 | work=New York Times | date=13 December 2009 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> The stint at MIT also gave him opportunity to study under Nobel Prize winners such as [[Robert Solow]], [[Franco Modigliani]] and [[Kenneth Arrow]] and mingle with [[Joseph Stiglitz]] and [[George Akerlof]], who would also go on to win Nobel Prize later.<ref name="Remembering MDC, Economist, Teacher and Institution Builder">{{cite web | url=http://thewire.in/2015/05/29/remembering-mdc-economist-teacher-and-institution-builder-2728/ | title=Remembering MDC, Economist, Teacher and Institution Builder | publisher=The Wire | date=29 May 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref>

Datta-Chaudhuri secured his PhD in economics in 1966 and returned to India the same year to start his career at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]]<ref name="A legend passes away">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150601/jsp/opinion/story_23149.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601101048/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150601/jsp/opinion/story_23149.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 June 2015 | title=A legend passes away | publisher=The Telegraph | date=1 June 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> to work for the next two years there as well as at [[Jadavpur University]]. He moved to [[Delhi School of Economics]] in 1968, reportedly on invitation from [[K. N. Raj]],<ref name="Remembering MDC, Economist, Teacher and Institution Builder" /> the author of the introductory chapter of the first [[Five-Year Plans of India|Five Year Plan of India]],<ref name="A man behind the Plan">{{cite web | url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2122/stories/20041105006512900.htm | title=A man behind the Plan | publisher=Frontline | date=October 2004 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> as a professor of Economics and worked there until his superannuation in 1999.<ref name="Life Sketch" /> During this period, he served as the Head of the Department of Economics from 1974 to 1977 and as the director of the institution from 1986 to 1991. He also served as a visiting professor at [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[University of Minnesota]] and [[Harvard University]].<ref name="Life Sketch" />

Datta-Chaudhuri, a member of the [[Institute for Advanced Study]], Princeton,<ref name="IAS member" /> was credited with several articles<ref name="Jomo2013">{{cite book|author=K. S. Jomo|title=Industrializing Malaysia: Policy, Performance, Prospects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYcIAA9yZrgC&pg=PA144|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-86391-4|pages=144–}}</ref><ref name="BradfordBranson2007">{{cite book|author1=Colin I. Bradford|author2=William H. Branson|title=Trade and Structural Change in Pacific Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8_1byWGCTTYC&pg=PA465|date=1 December 2007|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07030-8|pages=465–}}</ref><ref name="Mehmet2013">{{cite book|author=Ozay Mehmet|title=Development in Malaysia (Routledge Revivals): Poverty, Wealth and Trusteeship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsJmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|date=19 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-83180-8|pages=96–}}</ref><ref name="Page1990">{{cite book|author=Sheila Page|title=Trade, Finance and Developing Countries: Strategies and Constraints in the 1990s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8b3JxDmV3TUC&pg=PA426|year=1990|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-389-20890-7|pages=426–}}</ref> which included ''Market Failures and Government Failures'' published in the [[Journal of Economic Perspectives]] (1990)<ref name="Market imperfections, government imperfections, and policy mixes: policy innovations in Singapore">{{cite journal | title=Market imperfections, government imperfections, and policy mixes: policy innovations in Singapore | author=Xun Wu, M. Ramesh | journal=Policy Sciences | date=September 2014 | volume=47 | issue=3 | pages=305–320 | doi=10.1007/s11077-013-9186-x| s2cid=154867460 }}</ref> and contributions to texts such as the 75-page chapter on ''Interindustry Planning Models for a Multiregional Economy'' in the book ''Economy-wide models and development planning''.<ref name="BlitzerClark1982">{{cite book|author1=Charles R. Blitzer|author2=Peter B. Clark|author3=Lance Taylor|title=Economy-wide models and development planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxD-fpr52FMC|year=1982|publisher=Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-920074-0}}</ref> He co-wrote one book, ''Regional Development Experiences and Prospects in South and Southeast Asia''<ref name="Regional Development Experiences and Prospects in South and Southeast Asia">{{cite book | url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17107183-regional-development-experiences-and-prospects-in-south-and-southeast-as | title=Regional Development Experiences and Prospects in South and Southeast Asia | publisher=Walter de Gruyter | author=Louis Lefeber, Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri | year=1971 | pages=278 | isbn=9783111215716}}</ref> with Louis Lefeber and edited another, ''Development and Change: Essays in Honour of K. N. Raj''.<ref name="Development and Change: Essays in Honour of K. N. Raj">{{cite book | title=Development and Change: Essays in Honour of K. N. Raj | publisher=Oxford University Press India | author=Pranab Bardhan, Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri (Editors) | year=2001 | pages=372 | isbn=978-0195655452}}</ref> He had close association with [[Manmohan Singh]] and when the latter became the Finance Minister of India in 1991 during the [[1991 Indian economic crisis|economic crisis]], Datta-Chaudhuri assisted him in the formulation of many policy decisions and remained a member of the unofficial think-tank during Singh's tenancy as the Finance Minister and later, as the Prime Minister.<ref name="Economist Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri passes away at 81" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2005.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

Towards the later days of his life, he had [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] and moved to [[Pune]] to stay with his brother, Malay Dutta Choudhury.<ref name="R.I.P. Prof Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri">{{cite web | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/blog/story/rip-prof-mrinal-datta-chaudhuri/3544 | title=R.I.P. Prof Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri | publisher=Outlook | date=22 May 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> He died, aged 82, on 19 May 2015 reportedly due to cardiac arrest, at his brother's residence,<ref name="Economist Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri passed away">{{cite web | url=http://www.affairscloud.com/economist-mrinal-datta-chaudhuri-passed-away/ | title=Economist Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri passed away | publisher=Affairs Cloud | date=21 May 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> survived by two sons from his second marriage, Timir Datta-Chaudhuri and Mihir Datta-Chaudhuri, his first wife had predeceased him.<ref name="Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri">{{cite web | url=http://www.pressreader.com/india/business-standard/20150520/281543699508811/TextView | title=Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri | publisher=Press Reader | date=20 May 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/books/story/20020304-book-review-i-g-patel-glimpses-of-indian-economic-policy-796527-2002-03-03 | title=An eye for economy | publisher=India Today | work=Book Review — Glimpses of Indian Economic Policy By I.G. Patel | date=4 March 2002 | access-date=4 June 2016 | author=Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri}}
* {{cite journal | title=Market Failure and Government Failure | author=Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri | journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives | year=1990 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=25–39 | doi=10.1257/jep.4.3.25 |doi-access=free| s2cid=153956240 }}
* {{cite journal | url=http://www.epw.in/journal/1966/9/special-articles/new-export-subsidy-scheme-note.html | title=The New Export Subsidy Scheme-A Note | author=Mrinal Datta -Chaudhuri | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | date=October 1966 | volume=1 | issue=9}}

== External links ==
* {{cite journal | url=http://www.epw.in/author/mrinal-datta-chaudhuri-0 | title=Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | date=2016 | pages=7–8 | access-date=4 June 2016}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhuri, Mrinal Datta}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Assam]]
[[Category:People associated with Santiniketan]]
[[Category:MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jadavpur University]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Statistical Institute]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Cachar district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]

Rajesh Narasingrao Patil

2026-04-11T20:37:13Z

Basavaraj: put up a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rajesh Narsingrao Patil
| native_name =
| image =
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 26 November 2024
| predecessor = Sandhyadevi Kupekar
| successor = [[Shivaji Patil]]
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| constituency1 = [[Chandgad Assembly constituency|Chandgad]]
| profession =
| spouse =
| sibling =
| website =
}}

'''Rajesh Narsingrao Patil''' is a leader of [[Nationalist Congress Party]] and a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from [[Chandgad Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Chandgad Election Results 2019 Live Updates (चंदगड): Rajesh Narasingrao Patil of NCP Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/chandgad-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359361.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101191506/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/chandgad-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359361.html|archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website= [[News18 India]] |language=English
}}</ref> in [[Kolhapur]] city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=Rajesh Narasingrao Patil(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency - CHANDGAD (KOLHAPUR) Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10152 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101190224/https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10152 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website= [[Association for Democratic Reforms|myneta.info]] |language=English
}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* 2019: Elected to [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=राज्यातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी येथे पाहा|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/articleshow/71749478.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162142/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/amp_articleshow/71749478.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Maharashtra Election 2019 Winners Full List: Check full list of winning candidates in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026205732/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=English
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Rajesh Narasingrao}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolhapur]]

{{Maharashtra-NCP-politician-stub}}

Singling, Sikkim

2026-03-25T21:08:15Z

Basavaraj: Put up first article w/ infobox

{{short description|Community in Sikkim, India}}
{{cleanup|reason = Needs a native English speaker to edit page|date = February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Singling
| settlement_type = Community
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Sikkim#India
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_map_caption_notsmall =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_outside =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_overlay =
| coordinates = {{coord|27|10|56|N|88|11|58|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Sikkim]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Soreng district|Soreng]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| seat1 =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 2,088
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 2,376
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03592
| blank1_name_sec1 = Assembly constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Soreong-Chakung
| blank2_name_sec1 = Assembly MLA
| blank2_info_sec1 = Ram Bahadur Limboo (Subba)
| blank3_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Sikkim
| blank4_name_sec1 = Member of Parliament
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Indra Hang Subba]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Singling''' (height: 6850 ft.) is a community in [[Sikkim]], India. It has been on the trade routes between India and [[Bhutan]] since ancient times. A popular tourist activity is to trek between Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary and Singling. There is an ancient [[monastery]], a lake and amazing mountains. It is known for [[birding]].

==Location==
It is located 63 km to the south of the district headquarters in [[Geyzing]] and 3 km from [[Soreng]].

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 census:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/261077-singling-sikkim.html|title=Singling Village Population - Soreng - West Sikkim, Sikkim|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
there are 518 houses, a population of 2,376 (male: 1,200, female: 1,176), children (0-6) 340 (male: 118, female: 122), there are 94 people who are members of [[Schedule Caste]]s (male: 49, female: 45), 1,557 people who are members of [[Schedule Tribes]] (male: 787, female: 770), and the total literacy rate is 77.3% (male: 80.9%, female: 73.6%).

The languages spoken are [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Kiranti languages|Rai]], [[Tamang language|Tamang]] and [[Newar language|Newari]].

==Economy==
The main sources of livelihood of the locals are cultivation of organic foods and vegetables. Almost every family is independent. In the step cultivation fields on hilly terrain, peas, cabbages, broccoli, onions, squash, [[Brassica juncea|mustard leaf]] (''Brassica juncea'') and lemons are cultivated. In this village the locals do not use any type of pesticides or artificial chemicals. There are [[Intensive pig farming|piggeries]] and poultry farms in almost every house. Almost every house is decorated with [[orchid]]s, [[primula]]s, [[geranium]], along with white and red [[rhododendron]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/rhododendron|title=Rhododendron - plant|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> locally known as ''guraus''. [[Homestay]] is another source of their earnings.

==Transportation==
The nearest railway station is [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/new-jalpaiguri-njp-station|title=New Jalpaiguri Railway Station (NJP) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref> From Siliguri S.N.T. bus stand, share cars and buses are available to Soreng. From Jorethang, cars are available to Soreng. From Soreng; Singling is about 3 km away. For this last 3 km road, the only option is to reserve a car to reach Singling.

==Avi fauna==
Singling is a [[bird watcher]]'s paradise. Numerous varieties of birds can be seen including: [[grey treepie]], [[green-tailed sunbird]], [[white-browed fulvetta]], [[fire-breasted flowerpecker]], [[Himalayan bulbul]], [[red-billed leiothrix]], [[great barbet]], [[greater flameback]] and many species of [[sunbird]]. There is a short trekking route through the jungle trail within the forest, which leads to an open space; there one can see birds like the [[rufous sibia]], [[grey bush chat]], a few species of [[warbler]], [[nuthatch]], [[white-capped water redstart]], [[scarlet minivet]] and [[crested serpent eagle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bloggerkolkata.blogspot.com/2018/08/singling-paradise-of-birds_6.html|title=Singling-- the Paradise of Birds|first=Amitava|last=Nath|publisher=}}</ref>

==Flora==
There are flowers of [[magnolia]]s, [[Meconopsis|blue poppies]], [[primula]]s, [[geranium]]s, [[gladioli]], [[azalea]]s, [[camellia]]s, [[gentian]]s, [[orchid]]s and [[rhododendron]]s. Among trees, there are [[Ficus|figs]], [[shrub]]s, [[Shorea robusta|sal]], [[fern]]s, a variety of [[bamboo]], [[oak]], [[juniper]], [[cypresses]], [[birch]] and [[Abies pindrow|silver fir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikkimtourism.gov.in/Webforms/General/SikkimAtAGlance/FloraFauna.aspx|title=:: Welcome to the Official Web Portal of Sikkim Tourism :: Sikkim at a Glance - Natures Bounty - Flora and Fauna -|website=www.sikkimtourism.gov.in}}</ref>

==Tourism==
Singling is situated in a vital spot to do number of treks in Sikkim, as Hiley-Barsey trek,<ref>http://sikkimtourism.gov.in/Webforms/General/Destination/Varsey.aspx?LocName = Varsey</ref> Dzongri-[[Goecha La]] trek and so on. Likewise nearby there are a monastery, lake and a [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] town. Peling, Ringchenpong and Kaluk are nearby. [[Jorethang]] is the closest town, about 24 km away. At Singling numerous adventurous sports are organised like [[Rafting|river rafting]], [[hiking]] and [[paragliding]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Soreng district]]

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma

2026-03-25T18:03:49Z

Basavaraj: Put up a info more to come

{{Short description|Scientific books series}}
{{Italic title}}
'''''The Fauna of British India''''' (short title) with long titles including '''''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma''''',<ref>Talbot, G (1947) Butterflies Volume 2 issued in December 1947 includes a slip noting that the title should now read "...including Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma"</ref> and '''''The Fauna of British India Including the Remainder of the Oriental Region''''' is a series of scientific books that was published by the British government in [[India]] and printed by [[Taylor and Francis]] of London. The series was started sometime in 1881 after a letter had been sent to the Secretary of State for India signed by [[Charles Darwin]], Sir [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]] and other "eminent men of science" forwarded by P.L.Sclater to R.H. Hobart.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kinnear, N.B.|author-link=Norman Boyd Kinnear| year=1951|title= The history of Indian mammalogy and ornithology. Part I. Mammals.|journal= J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.|volume=50|pages=766–778|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48057417}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Kinnear, N.B. |year=1952| title=The history of Indian mammalogy and ornithology. Part II. Birds.|journal= J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.|volume= 51|issue=1|pages=104–110|url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48202138}}</ref><ref>[http://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2730214 National Archives of India 1882 File:PR_000003043912 15 September 1881]</ref> [[William Thomas Blanford|W. T. Blanford]] was appointed editor and began work on the volume on mammals.
[[Image:WTBlanford.jpg|thumb|upright|[[William Thomas Blanford|W. T. Blanford (1832–1905)]]]]
In the volume on the mammals, Blanford notes:
{{cquote|The need for new and revised descriptive works had, for some years before 1881, been felt and discussed amongst naturalists in India, but the attention of the Government was, I believe, first called to the matter by a memorial dated Sept. 15th of that year, prepared by Mr. P. L. Sclater, the well-known Secretary of the Zoological Society, signed by Mr. Charles Darwin, Sir J. Hooker, Professor Huxley, Sir J. Lubbock, Prof. W. H. Flower, and by Mr. Sclater himself, and presented to the Secretary of State for India. This memorial recommended the preparation of a series of Handbooks of Indian Zoology and my appointment as Editor. It is scarcely necessary to add that to the recommendation of men so highly respected and so well known in the world of Science the publication of the present ''Fauna of British India'' is greatly due, and that Mr. Sclater is entitled to the thanks of all interested in the Zoology of India for the important part he took in the transaction. I can only express a hope that the present series as a whole may be worthy of the distinguished support to which, in so great a degree, it owes its origin.}}

The idea was to cover initially the vertebrates, taking seven volumes, and this was followed by a proposal to cover the invertebrates in about 15 to 20 volumes and projected to cost £11,250 to £15,000. Blanford suggested that restricting it to 14 volumes would make it possible to limit the cost to £10,500.<ref>[http://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2727648 National Archive of India PR_000003044449 1890 - Proposal of Mr W.T.Blanford for the publication of a second series of the "Fauna of British India" No. 74. India Office, London 21st November 1889]</ref> After Blanford's death, [[Arthur Shipley|Arthur Everett Shipley]] became the editor. The first series was followed by a second edition of some of the volumes such as the mammals, birds, reptiles and butterflies. In 1922–23, [[Nelson Annandale]] sought to move the process of preparation of the books and its publication to India.<ref>[http://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2738954 National Archives of India 1922 File:PR_000003005771 September 1922 Proposal to transfer the publication of the Fauna of British India Series to India. Nelson Annandale.]</ref> The second edition is sometimes called the "new fauna". There were changes incorporated in this that included for instance the usage of trinomials for the birds. Following Shipley's death in 1927, Lieutenant Colonel [[John Stephenson (zoologist)|John Stephenson]], formerly of the Indian Medical Service was appointed editor in May 1928.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Lt.-Col. John Stephenson, IMS, CIE, FRS|journal=Current Science|pages=270–271|year=1933 |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_001_09_0270_0271_0.pdf|author=Prashad, Baini|volume=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Baker, ECS|year=1928|url=https://archive.org/stream/BakerFbiBirds5/BakerFBI5#page/n3/mode/1up|page=iii|title=Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 5|edition=2|publisher=Taylor and Francis, London}}</ref> Publication was stopped during the Second World War.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1940|title=Future of Zoology in India|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=145|issue=3666|pages=163|doi=10.1038/145163a0|bibcode=1940Natur.145..163. |issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free}}</ref> After Indian Independence in 1947 a few volumes were published under the new name of '''Fauna of India''' but some of the volumes that were under preparation were never published. The 1953 volume on [[polychaetes]] by [[Pierre Fauvel]] was published by the Indian Press from Allahabad.

==Protozoa==
[[File:FBI1914.jpg|thumb|List of publications in the series in 1914. Average of £1 for each volume]]
* [[Bihari Lal Bhatia|Bhatia, B. L.]] (1936) [https://archive.org/details/protozo01bhat Vol. I Protozoa:Ciliophora]
* Bhatia, B. L. (1938) [https://archive.org/details/protozoa02bhat Vol. II Protozoa: Sporozoa]

==Coelenterata==
* [[Nelson Annandale|Annandale, Nelson]] (1911) [https://archive.org/details/freshwatersponge00anna Freshwater sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa] [251 p - 48 figs - 5 pl ]
* Burton M (?) Porifera (Not published)

==Nematoda, Cestoda, Oligochaeta, Annelida etc.==
* Stephenson, J. (1923) [https://archive.org/details/FBIOligochaeta Oligochaeta] xxiv + 518 p - 261 figs
* Harding, W. A. & John Percy Moore (1927) [https://archive.org/details/FBIHirudinea Hirudinea] xxxviii + 302 p - 63 figs - 8 pl (4 col.) - 1 map
* Southwell, T. (1930) [https://www.archive.org/details/FBICestoda1 Cestoda. Volume 1. Cestodaria, Bucestoda (excl. Taenioidia)]
* Southwell, T. (1930) [https://www.archive.org/details/FBICestoda2 Cestoda. Volume 2. Taenioidia]
* Baylis, H. A. (1936) [https://www.archive.org/details/BaylisNematoda1 Nematoda. 1. Ascaroidea and Strongyloidea] [408 p - 182 figs ]
* Baylis, H. A. (1939) [https://archive.org/details/BaylisNematoda2 Nematoda. 2. Filarioidea, Dioctophymoidea and Trichinelloidea] [274 p - 150 figs ]
* Fauvel, Pierre (1953) [https://www.archive.org/details/FBIPolychaeta Polychaeta]
* Bhalerao, DG (?) Trematoda (this was announced but never published)

==Crustacea==
Although these volumes were sanctioned, they were never published.<ref>Sewell, RB Seymour (1953) Preface to the Fauna of India. Polychaeta</ref>
* Nilsson-Cantell, CA (?) Cirripedia
* Chopra BN (?) Brachyura (Oxyrhyncha)
* Seymour Sewell, RB (?) Copepoda (Calanoids)

==Echinodermata==
* Mortensen, Theodor Echinoidea (This was never produced due to the death of the author. See preface by R B Seymour Sewell in the 1953 Polychaeta volume.)

==Mollusca==
* [[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford W. T.]] & [[Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen|Godwin-Austen H. H.]] 1908. [https://archive.org/details/molluscatestacel00blaniala ''Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae'']. Taylor & Francis, London. 311 pp.
* [[Gerard Pierre Laurent Kalshoven Gude|Gude G. K.]] 1914. [https://archive.org/details/molluscaiitrocho00gude ''Mollusca.−II. (Trochomorphidae--Janellidae)'']. xii + 520 pp., 164 figs.
* Gude G. K. 1921. [https://archive.org/details/molluscaiiilando00gude ''Mollusca.−III. Land operculates (Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicinidae)'']. 386 pp.
* [[Hugh Berthon Preston|Preston H B]] 1915. [https://archive.org/details/molluscafreshwat00presrich ''Mollusca. Freshwater Gastropoda & Pelecypoda.''] Taylor & Francis, London, 244 pp., 29 figs.
* Prashad, Baini (?) Mollusca 5. Pelecypoda (not published)

==Arachnida==
* [[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock, R.I.]] (1900) [https://archive.org/details/arachnida00poco Arachnida] ([http://www.ub.ntnu.no/scorpion-files/pocock_fauna_india.php Split PDF])
* Sharif M (?) Ticks.

==Hemiptera==
* [[William Lucas Distant|Distant, W.L.]] (1902) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota01dist Rhynchota 1. Heteroptera. Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Berytidae] (See also [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/9193 Index to Rhynchota])
* Distant, W.L. (1904) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota02dist Rhynchota 2.] Heteroptera. Family 4 to 16. (Lygaeidae - Capsidae)
* Distant, W.L. (1906) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota03dist Rhynchota 3.] Heteroptera - Homoptera Heteroptera-family 17 to 24. (Anthoceridae - Coricidae) / Cicadidae, Fulgoridae.
* Distant, W.L. (1907–8) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota04dist Rhynchota 4.] Homoptera: Membracidae, Cercopidae, Jassidae & Heteroptera: Appendix (initially published in two parts)
* Distant, W.L. (1911) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota05distiala Rhynchota 5.] Heteroptera: Appendix
* Distant, W.L. (1916) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota06dist Rhynchota 6.] Homoptera. Appendix
* Distant, W.L. (1918) [https://archive.org/details/rhynchota07dist Rhynchota 7.] Homoptera:Appendix to Jassidae, Heteroptera:Addenda

==Dermaptera==
* [[Malcolm Burr|Burr, M.]] (1910) [https://archive.org/details/dermapteraearwig00burr Dermaptera] (Earwigs) [217 p - 10 pl]

==Odonata==
* [[Frederic Charles Fraser|Fraser, F.C.]] (1933) [https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata1 Odonata. 1] Introduction, Coenagriidae 423 p
* Fraser, F.C. (1934) [https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2 Odonata. 2] Agriidae, Gomphidae 398 p - 120 figs - 4 col. pl.
* Fraser, F.C. (1936) [https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata3 Odonata. 3] Cordulegasteridae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae. 461 p.

==Orthoptera==
* [[William Forsell Kirby|Kirby, WF]] (1914) [https://www.archive.org/details/orthopteraacridi00kirb Acridiidae]
;Second edition
* Uvarov, BP (?) Acridiidae
* Chopard L. (1969) [https://archive.org/details/IndianGrylloidea The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Orthoptera. Vol.2: Grylloidea.] Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.
* Henry G M (?) Tettigoniidae

==Blattaria==
* Shelford, R. Blattidae (sanctioned but not published)<ref name=lefroy>Lefroy, HM (1910) [https://archive.org/stream/journalofbombayn20191011bomb#page/203/mode/1up/ Review. Fauna of British India. Burr, H.M.] JBNHS 20:203-204</ref>

==Coleoptera==
[[File:FBI1936.jpg|thumb|List of publications from 1936. Prices listed in Rupees]]
* [[Herbert Edward Andrewes|Andrewes, H.]] (1929) [https://archive.org/details/FBICarabidae1 Carabidae 1. Carabinae] [ 431 p - 62 figs - 9 pl (1 col) ]
* Andrewes, H. (1935) [https://archive.org/details/FBICarabidae2 Carabidae 2. Harpalinae] [ 323 p - 51 figs - 5 pl ]
* [[Gilbert John Arrow|Arrow, G.J.]] (1910) [https://archive.org/details/coleopteralamell01arro Lamellicornia 1. Cetoniinae and Dynastinae] [xiv + 322 p - 76 figs - 2 col. pl. ]
* Arrow, G.J. (1917) [https://archive.org/details/coleopteralamell02arroiala Lamellicornia 2. Rutelinae, Desmonycinae, Euchirinae] [xiii + 387 p - 77 figs - 5 pl (1 col.)]
* Arrow, G.J. (1931) [https://archive.org/details/FBILamellicornia3 Lamellicornia 3. Coprinae] [428 p - 61 figs - 13 pl (1 col.) - 1 map ]
* Arrow, G.J. (1949) [https://archive.org/details/coleopteralamell04arro Lamellicornia 4. Lucanidae & Passalidae][vii + 274 pp., 23 pl]
* Arrow, G.J. (1925) [https://archive.org/details/FBIClavicornia Clavicornia : Erotylidae, Languriidae & Endomychidae] [xv + 416 p - 76 figs - 1 col. pl. - 1 map]
* [[Cyril Beeson|Beeson, C.F.C.]] (?) Platypodidae ()
* Browne, J Balfour (never published) Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae and Haliplidae
* [[Malcolm Cameron (entomologist)|Cameron, M.]] (1930) [https://archive.org/details/FBIStaphylinidae1 Staphylinidae 1]. (Micropeplinae, Oxytelinae, Oxyporinae, Megalopinae, Steninae, Enaesthetinae) [471 p - 134 figs - 1 map - 3 col. plates]
* Cameron, M. (1934) Staphylinidae. 2. (Paederinae) 257 p - 2 col. pl.
* Cameron, M. (1932) [https://archive.org/details/FBIStaphylinidae3 Staphylinidae 3]. (Staphylininae, Trichophyinae, Termitodiscinae, Pygosteninae, Tachyporinae) 443 p - 4 col. pl.
* Cameron, M. (1939) [https://archive.org/details/FBIStaphylinidae4 Staphylinidae 4]. Part 1. Subfam. Pseudopernthinae and Aleocharinae (part)
* Cameron, M. (1939) Staphylindae 4. Part 2. Aleocharinae.
* [[William Weekes Fowler|Fowler, W.]] (1912) [https://archive.org/details/coleopteragenera00fowl Coleoptera. General introduction and Cicindelidae to Paussidae] xx + 529 p - 240 figs
* [[Charles Joseph Gahan|Gahan, C.]] (1906) [https://archive.org/details/coleopteraceramb01gahaiala Coleoptera. Cerambycidae] 329 p -107 figs
* [[Martin Jacoby|Jacoby, Martin]] & others (1908–1936) Chrysomelidae Volumes 1–4. (Jacoby died before the first volume was published. See preface to the first volume by C T Bingham)
** Jacoby, M. (1908) [https://archive.org/details/coleopterachryso00jacoiala Chrysomelidae 1. Eupodes, Camptosomes, Cyclica] 534 p - 172 figs - 2 pl
** [[Samarendra Maulik|Maulik, S.]] (1919) [https://archive.org/stream/coleopterachryso02jacoiala Chrysomelidae Volume 2 Hispinae and Cassidinae] xi + 439 p - 130 figs
** Maulik, S. (1926) [https://archive.org/details/faunaofbritishin015617mbp Chrysomelidae Volume 3. Chrysomelinae and Halticinae] 442 p - 139 figs - 1 map
** Maulik, S.(1936) [https://archive.org/stream/coleopterachryso04jaco Chrysomelidae Volume 4. Galerucinae] 648 p - 144 fig - 1 map - 1 pl - hbk
*[[Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall|Marshall, Guy A.K.]] (1916) [https://archive.org/details/coleopterarhynch00mars Rhynchophora, Curculionidae] 367 p - 108 figs
;Sanctioned but not published
* Beeson CFC Scolytidae
* Beeson CFC Platypodidae
* Stebbing, E.P. Buprestidae<ref name=lefroy />

==Diptera==
* [[Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti|Brunetti, E.]] (1912) [https://archive.org/details/dipteranematocer00brun Diptera : Nematocera excluding Chironomidae & Culicidae] 581 p
* Brunetti, E. (1920) [https://archive.org/details/dipterabrachycer01brune Diptera 2. Brachycera Volume 1 (Stratiomyiidae, Leptidae, Nemestinidae, Cyrtidae, Bombyliidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Mydaidae, Empidae, Lonchopteridae, Platypezidae)] 401 p.
* Brunetti, E. (1923) [https://archive.org/details/dipterabrachycer02brun Diptera 3. Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Oestridae] [424 p - 83 fig - 5 pl]
* [[Samuel Rickard Christophers|Christophers, S.R.]] (1933) [https://archive.org/details/FBIDiptera4 Diptera Volume 4. Culicidae tribe Anophelini]
* [[Philip James Barraud|Barraud, P.J.]] (1934) [https://archive.org/details/FBIDiptera5 Diptera Volume 5. (Culicidae) tribes Megarhinini & Culicini]
* R Senior-White, [[Daphne Aubertin]] & John Smart (1940) [https://archive.org/details/FBIDiptera6 Diptera Volume 6. Calliphoridae]
* Hobby, BM (?) Diptera Volume 7. Asilidae
* Oldroyd, H (?) Tabanidae
* van Emden, F I - [[Muscidae]] Diptera Volume 7. Part 1 Published 1966 in The Fauna of India - Part 2 was planned but never published.

==Aphaniptera==
* Sharif, M (?) Fleas.

==Hymenoptera==

* [[Charles Thomas Bingham|Bingham, C.T.]] (1897) [https://archive.org/details/hymenoptera01bing Hymenoptera. Vol. 1. Wasps and bees] xxix + 579 pp.
* Bingham, C. T. (1903) [https://archive.org/details/hymenoptera02bing Hymenoptera, Vol. 2. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps] 506 pp.
* [[Claude Morley|Morley, C.]] (1913) [https://archive.org/details/hymenoptera03bing Hymenoptera Vol. 3. Ichneumones Deltoidei] 531 p - 152 fig - 1 pl

==Lepidoptera==
* Bingham, C. T. (1905) [https://archive.org/details/butterfliesvolii00bing Butterflies Vol. 1] - Family [[Nymphalidae]]
* Bingham, C. T. (1907) [https://archive.org/details/butterflies02bingiala Butterflies Vol. 2] - Families [[Papilionidae]], [[Pieridae]] and [[Lycaenidae]]
* [[George Francis Hampson]] & others (1892–1937) Moths. 5 volumes
** Hampson, G. (1892) [https://archive.org/details/moths01hamp Moths 1. Saturniidae to Hypsidae] 527 p - 333 fig
** Hampson, G. (1894) [https://archive.org/details/moths02hamp Moths 2. Arctiidae, Agrostidae, Noctuidae] 609 p - 325 figs
** Hampson, G. (1895) [https://archive.org/details/moths03hamp Moths 3. Noctuidae (cont.) to Geometridae] 546 p - 226 figs
** Hampson, G. (1896) [https://archive.org/details/moths04hamp Moths 4. Pyralidae] 594 p - 287 figs
** [[Thomas Reid Davys Bell|Bell TRD]] & F B Scott (1937) [https://archive.org/details/moths05hamp Moths. Vol. 5. Sphingidae] [537 p - 1 folding map - 15 pl]

;Second edition
* [[George Talbot (entomologist)|Talbot, G.]] (1939) [https://archive.org/details/FaunaOfBritishIndia.Butterflies1 Butterflies. Vol. 1] [[Papilionidae]], [[Pieridae]], xxix + 600 p - 184 figs - 1 folding map - 3 col. pl.
* Talbot, G. (1947) [https://archive.org/details/FaunaOfBritishIndia.Butterflies2 Butterflies. Vol. 2] [[Danaidae]], [[List of butterflies of India (Satyrinae)|Satyridae]], [[List of butterflies of India (Morphinae)|Amathusiidae and Acraeidae]]. xv + 506 p - 104 figs - 2 col. pl.

==Reptilia and Amphibia==
* [[Albert C. L. G. Günther|Günther, A.C.L.G.]] (1864) ''Reptiles of British India'' [https://archive.org/details/reptilesofbritis00gn]. xxvii + 452 p - 26 pl (Not part of the Fauna of British India series, but included here for completeness)
* [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G. A.]] (1890) [https://archive.org/details/reptiliabatrachi00bouliala Reptilia and Batrachia] xviii + 541 p - 142 figs
;Second edition
* [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith, M. A.]] (1931–1943) Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 Volumes. (Volume 4 was to cover Amphibia).
** Smith, M. A. (1931) [https://archive.org/details/FBISmithReptiles1 Reptilia and Amphibia 1: Loricata and Testudines ] xviii + 185 p - 42 figs - 2 pl
** Smith, M. A. (1935) [https://archive.org/details/FBISmithReptiles2 Reptilia and Amphibia 2: Sauria ] xiii + 440 p - 93 figs - 1 pl - 2 maps
** Smith, M. A. (1943) [https://archive.org/details/FBISmithReptiles3 Reptilia and Amphibia 3: Serpentes] xii + 583 p - 166 figs

==Fishes==
* [[Francis Day|Day, Francis]] (July 11, 1889) [https://archive.org/details/fishes01dayfiala Fishes Volume I] Chondropterygii, Teleoste (Physostomi; Acanthopterygii: Percidae)
* Day, Francis (September 21, 1889) [https://archive.org/details/fishes02dayfiala Fishes Volume II] Teleostei (Acanthopterygii excl. Percidae; Anacanthini; Lophobranchii; Plectognathi), Leptocardii
;Second edition
* [[Sunder Lal Hora|Hora, SL]] (?) (projected to be published in 5 volumes in 1953 but not published)

==Birds==

*[[Eugene W. Oates|Oates, E. W.]] ([[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford, W. T.]], editor) (1889) [https://archive.org/details/birdsindia01oaterich Birds. 1] [582 p]
* Oates, E. W. (1890) [https://archive.org/details/birdsindia02oaterich Birds. 2] [424 p]
* Blanford, W. T. (1895) [https://archive.org/details/birdsindia03oaterich Birds. 3] [450 p - 102 figs]
* Blanford, W. T. (1898) [https://archive.org/details/birdsindia04oaterich Birds. 4] [500 p - 127 figs]

;Second edition
* [[E. C. Stuart Baker|Baker, Stuart]] (1922) [https://archive.org/details/birds01bakeiala Birds. 1] 524 p
* Baker, Stuart (1924) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFbiBirds2 Birds. 2] 606 p - 86 figs
* Baker, Stuart (1926) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFbiBirds3 Birds. 3] 534 p
* Baker, Stuart (1927) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFbiBirds4 Birds. 4] 471 p - 71 figs
* Baker, Stuart (1928) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFbiBirds5 Birds. 5] 469 p - 49 figs
* Baker, Stuart (1929) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFbiBirds6 Birds. 6] 548 p
* Baker, Stuart (1930) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFbiBirds7 Birds. 7] 484 p (Synonymical catalogue Passeres-Grallae)
* Baker, Stuart (1930) [https://archive.org/details/BakerFBIBirds8 Birds. 8.] 326 p (Synonymical catalogue Grallae - Pygopodes; Corrigenda and Addenda)

==Mammals==
* Blanford, WT (1888, 1891) [https://archive.org/details/mammalia00blaniala Mammalia]
** Part 1 Primates, Carnivora, Insectivora
** Part 2 Chiroptera, Rodentia, Ungulata, Cetacea, Sirenia, Edentata
;Second edition
* [[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock, R.I.]] (1939) [https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia1 Mammalia. I. Primates and Carnivora]
* [[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock, R.I.]] (1941) [https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2 Mammalia. II. Carnivora :Aeluroidea, Arctoidea]
* Ellerman, J.R, [[Mithan Lal Roonwal|Roonwal, M.L.]] (ed.) (1961) [https://archive.org/details/dli.zoological.fi.001 Mammalia. III. Rodentia]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Special:Search/The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no}}
* [http://faunaofindia.nic.in/php/fbi_books_list.php Fauna of British India and Fauna of India - scanned volumes]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, The}}
[[Category:Book series]]
[[Category:Natural history books]]
[[Category:Natural history of India]]
[[Category:Books on Lepidoptera]]

Bargaon, Odisha

2026-03-25T12:04:15Z

Basavaraj: enhance information additionally and added references

{{more footnotes|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bargaon
| native_name = ବରଗାଁ
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Bargaon
| nickname = Baragan
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = GramPanchayat BARGAON.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = GramPanchayat Gate
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.34|N|82.68|E||display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
| established_title = 
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Panchayat
| governing_body = Bargaon Panchayat (1952)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 252
| population_total = 2120
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Oriya language|Odia]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 766107
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06671
| registration_plate = OD-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000:968 [[male]]/[[female]]
| website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| leader_title = Sarapanch
| leader_name = Sj. Gobinda Bihari Barik
| leader_title1 = Samiti Sabhya
| leader_name1 =
| image_map =
| area_total_ha = 505
| geocode = 8MRQ+GX Bargaon, Odisha
| area_total_acre = 1248
| elevation_ft = 827
}}
'''Bargaon''' or '''Baragan''' is a village under [[Khariar]] [[tehsil]] in [[Nuapada district]] in the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]]. It is situated 10 km away from the sub-district headquarters [[Khariar]] and 63 km towards south from district headquarters [[Nuapada]].

The word "Bargaon" is composed of two words: "Bara" means 'Divine' and "gaan" or "gaon" means 'village'. On the 150th birth anniversary of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], the village was recognised as "Lok Kala Gram" of [[Nuapada district]] by the Department of Language, Literature, and Culture of the [[Government of Odisha]].

==Economy==
It has a weekly bazaar that takes place every Tuesday. Most people of Bargaon are [[Middle class|middle-class]], which includes government employees.{{fact|date=May 2019}}

===Bank===
[[File:Utkal Grameen Bank.jpg|thumb|Utkal Grameen Bank]]
In 1984, a branch of the [[Kalahandi]] Anchalik Bank(now known as Utkal Grameen Bank) was established in the village to improve the economic standards of people.

===Offices===
There are multiple government offices in the village:
* Post Office
* Panchayat Office
* BARGAON Electrical Sub-Station
* Office of the Revenue Inspector (R.I.)
* BARGAON Indane Gas
* Veterinary and Artificial Breeding Centre
* Primary Agriculture Cooperative Society (PACS) Office

==Healthcare facilities==
[[File:BARGAON HEALTH AND WELLNESS CENTER.jpg|thumb|Baragaon HEALTH & WELLNESS Center]]

Basic health care facilities available in the village.
* Primary Health Centre (PHC)
* Primary Health Sub-centre (PHS)
* Maternity and Child Welfare Centre (MCW)
[[File:Panchayat Ofc.jpg|thumb|Bargaon Digital Hospital & Dispensary]]
* BARGAON Digital Hospital & Dispensary

==Geography & Climate==
Bargaon is a village located within the [[Nuapada district]]. It is located at 20.34°N 82.68°E. It has an average elevation of 228 m. The village has an area of 505 hectares. Bargaon comes under a rain shadow belt.

== Places of Interest ==

* Chakadongar: A round-shaped hill is situated in the eastern part of the village. The NH353 passes through the hill. Maa Chakadongren temple is situated here.[[File:Maa Chakadongaren Temple.jpg|thumb|Jai Maa Chakadongaren]]
* Teteldongri: Teteldongri and Uddhlu are another hillside situated on the north side of the village. Below the Teteldongri, a pond (called parject) is situated and a minor canal passes nearby.
* Dadhibaman Pokhari: A pond is situated in the northeast part of the village. The people of Bargaon use it for daily baths. Maa Bandhgosen temple is situated at the centre of the pond.
* Sundar River: One of the main tributaries of the Tel River, which flows into the Mahanadi. It is perennial and effluent in nature and maintains sluggish flow during peak summer months. It is also called as The Indra River in several places. [[Lower Indra Dam]] or [[Tikhali Dam]] is constructed in this river roughly 5 km from Bargaon.

Most of the people of Bargaon and nearby villages depend upon this river for baths as well as for drinks.

==How to Reach ==
The village is well connected with roads to many towns. National Highway 353 passes near the village, which leads to many cities such as [[Raipur]], [[Mahasamund]], [[Khariar Road]], [[Nuapada]], [[Bhawanipatna]], and [[Rayagada]].

The nearest railway station is Kantabanji (40 km), and the nearest railway junction is [[Titlagarh]], which is 60 km away from Bargaon, whereas the nearest airport is located at [[Raipur]] (170 km) in [[Chhattisgarh]].

== Demographics ==
As of the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the population was 2,120.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Bargaon Village Population - KHARIAR - Nuapada, Orissa |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/421959-bargaon-orissa.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |access-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121202049/https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/421959-bargaon-orissa.html |archive-date=21 January 2020}}</ref> Of those, 270 of those are under the age of 7, representing 12.74% of the population.<ref name=":0"></ref>
The literacy rate within the village is estimated at 67.41%.<ref name=":0"></ref> [[Odia language|Odia]] is the local language of the people here.

==Education==
There are a few government and private schools in the village.

===Nursery Education===
There are five [[Anganwadi]] Centres functioning in Bargaon for all-round development of the children.

===Primary Education===

Primary educators have been working in the village since 1918.{{fact|date=May 2019}}

Bargaon Centre Primary School is one of the oldest schools of the undivided [[Kalahandi district]]. Other schools in the village are:

* Centre Primary School: The school was established in 1918. It is situated at the centre of the village. About 102 batches have successfully passed from this school.
* Sabarpada Project Primary School: The school was established in 2002 under the Project of District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), Govt. Of Odisha.
* Kamajori Project Primary School: The school was established in 2007 and is managed by the Department of School & Mass Education, Govt. Of Odisha.
* Bendrabahal Primary School: Bendrabahal Primary School was established in 1966 on the right side of the main road to Bargaon.
* Bargaon U.P./ME School, Bargaon: It was established in 1957 and is managed by the Deptartment of School and Mass Education, Govt. of Odisha. Odia is the medium of instruction in the school. The school has a well and a library. In the year 2017, the school was merged with the Jai Kishan High School, Bargaon.

===Secondary & Higher Education===

For Secondary & Higher Education, there is a Government Higher Secondary School named,

* [[Jai Kishan High School, Bargaon]] was established in 1972 by the natives of Bargaon. Later on, the Government of Odisha took over the responsibility of the school. It provides education to both boys and girls from class 6th to class 12th (+2). Both Red Cross and Bharat Scouts & Guides (BSG) are functioning in the school.

==Religious Place==
There are 4 [[Shiva|Shiv]] temples in the village. Besides these, there are some [[Devi]] mandirs also present in the village. Chakadongren and Bandhgosen are worshipped as the village goddess.

==Festivals and rituals==
[[File:Rathajatra 2023.jpg|thumb|Bargaon Rathyatra 2023]]
Many festivals are celebrated in the village. These include:
*Rathyatra: The largest Hindu chariot festival of Odisha is also celebrated in Bargaon each year during the month of July.
During the festival, the chariot of [[Jagannath]] is drawn by a huge number of devotees from the Bargaon Jagannath Temple to Bendrabahal Gundicha Temple, where the deity resides there for a week and then returns back to the village. The day of the return of the deity is called Bahuda Jatra.
*Durga Puja: It is one of the major festivals or [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] celebrated in the village every year. The festival is observed in the month [[Hindu calendar#Solar month and seasons|Ashwina]], every year. The festival started in the year 1982 and continues to be celebrated.
*Shivaratri: It is another festival celebrated in Bargaon every year. It is celebrated in honor of [[Shiva]]. It has been celebrated in the village since 1990.
*Shri Shri Basant Madhumangal Raasleela: The most important festival is Raasleela, celebrated every year in the month January or February. It is the festival of Shri [[Krishna]], celebrated for eight days. Some children and some adults play the role of different characters such as Krishna, [[Balarama|Balaram]], Madhumangal, [[Sudama|Sudam]], Subal, Dashi, and Shakhi. Kokolila is the most popular night of Raasleela, it is generally celebrated on the third night of the festival. Since 1889, it has been celebrated every year in the village.

Some other national and regional festivals are also celebrated in the village. They include [[Holi]], [[Diwali]], [[Nuakhai]], [[Pousha Purnima|Puspuni]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganesha Puja]], and [[Lakshmi Puja|Gaja Laxmi Puja]].{{fact|date=May 2019}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* Schools in Bargaon: https://schools.org.in/orissa/nuapada/khariar/podapali-p.u.p.s
* Rain Fall in Bargaon: http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Bargaon2.html
* Postal Information: https://www.postofficeinfo.com/238646/bargaon-post-office-pincode-766107-in-khariar-nuapada-odisha/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515045652/https://www.postofficeinfo.com/238646/bargaon-post-office-pincode-766107-in-khariar-nuapada-odisha/ |date=2019-05-15 }}
* [[Sarpanch]] of Bargaon: https://odishapanchayat.gov.in/English/Pdf/NUAPADA.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729040958/http://odishapanchayat.gov.in/English/Pdf/NUAPADA.pdf |date=2018-07-29 }}
* Bargaon, Census Report 2011: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/421959-bargaon-orissa.html

{{commons cat}}

[[Category:Villages in Nuapada district]]

Tejasswi Prakash

2026-03-15T14:12:26Z

Basavaraj: minor edit

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1993)}}
{{Indian name|Tejasswi|Prakash}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tejasswi Prakash
| image = Tejasswi Prakash and othersbattend Karan Kundrras birthday bash.jpg
| caption = Tejasswi in 2025
| birth_name = Tejasswi Prakash Wayangankar
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|6|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia
| citizenship = India
| alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]] ([[B.E]])
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active = 2012–present
}}

'''Tejasswi Prakash Wayangankar''' (born 10 June 1993)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejasswi Prakash huge fan following |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/storyboard18/inside-bigg-boss-fandom-and-what-brands-can-learn-from-it/74513/1 |website=Forbes India}}</ref> is an Indian actress who works in [[Hindi]] television and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] films. She is a recipient of an [[Indian Television Academy Award]] and an [[Indian Telly Award]]. She is best known for portraying Ragini Gadodia in ''[[Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]'' and Pratha Gujral in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]''. Following this, she participated in the reality shows ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]'' (2020),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/khatron-ke-khiladi-10-shvin-narang-cast/ |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 10: Shivin Narang, Tejasswi Prakash and Others Roped In |date=16 July 2019 |publisher=Thelivemirror.com |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> and ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]'' (2021), emerging as the winner in the latter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejasswi Prakash wins Bigg Boss 15, Pratik Sehajpal and Karan Kundrra are runners-up |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tejasswi-prakash-wins-bigg-boss-15-pratik-sehajpal-and-karan-kundrra-are-runners-up-7748644/lite/ |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=31 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Actor Tejasswi Prakash Is The Winner Of Bigg Boss 15 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tv-actor-tejasswi-prakash-is-the-winner-of-big-boss-15-2738791 |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=Ndtv.com}}</ref> She made her Marathi film debut with ''[[Mann Kasturi Re]]'' (2022), which earned her a [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – Marathi]] nomination.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-announced-for-the-planet-marathi-filmfare-awards-marathi-2022_-57599.html |title=Nominations announced for the Planet Marathi presents Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022 |work=Planet Marathi Filmfare Marathi Awards 2022 |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Tejasswi was born on 10 June 1993<ref name="indiatvnew-DOB">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tejasswi-prakash-celebrates-her-birthday-with-beau-karan-kundrra-in-goa-latest-pics-videos-2022-06-10-783397|title=Tejasswi Prakash celebrates her birthday with beau Karan Kundrra in Goa|website=Indiatvnews|date=10 June 2022 |access-date= 10 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="mid-day-DOB">{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/photo/tejasswi-prakashs-29th-birthday-celebration-with-karan-kundrra-in-goa-was-a-night-to-remember-93477/1|title=Tejasswi Prakash's 29th birthday celebration with Karan Kundrra in Goa was a night to remember|website=Mid-day|access-date= 10 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress-DOB">{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tejasswi-prakash-29-birthday-video-photos-goa-midnight-birthday-celebration-with-karan-kundrra-7961652/lite/|title=Tejasswi Prakash turns 29: Her midnight birthday celebration with Karan Kundrra is 'pure goals'|website=Theindianexpress |date=10 June 2022 |access-date= 10 June 2022}}</ref> in [[Jeddah]], in the [[Mecca Province]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] to [[Indian people|Indian]] parents. She was raised in [[Mumbai]] in a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] family.<ref name="toi">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/this-is-how-tejasswi-prakash-celebrated-her-birthday/articleshow/59095499.cms |title=This is how Tejaswi Prakash celebrated her birthday |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 June 2017 |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="pioneer">{{cite web |date=28 February 2015 |title=That's how they run a show |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/thats-how-they-run-a-show.html |access-date=13 April 2016 |website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]}}</ref>

Prakash is an [[engineer]] by education. She graduated with a [[Bachelor of Engineering]] degree in [[Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering]] from the [[Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Mumbai|Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology]] of the [[University of Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/you-dont-get-these-suji-wala-golgappas-in-mumbai-actress-tejaswi-in-noida/articleshow/59523732.cms |title=You don't get these suji wala golgappas in Mumbai: Actress Tejaswi in Noida |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 July 2017 }}</ref>

==Career==
=== Early work (2012–2018) ===

Tejasswi began her acting career in 2012, with [[Life OK]]'s thriller ''2612'' playing Rashmi Bhargava. In 2013, she was seen playing Dhara Vaishnav in [[Colors TV]]'s soap opera ''[[Sanskaar - Dharohar Apnon Ki]]'' opposite [[Jay Soni]].

From 2015 to 2016, she portrayed the leading role of Ragini Maheshwari in [[Colors TV]]'s popular drama romance ''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]'', which earned her nominations for [[Indian Telly Awards]] and Golden Petal Awards.

In 2017, she was seen portraying Diya Singh in [[Sony TV]]'s mystery drama ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]''. After Pehredaar Piya Ki ended, Tejasswi was re-cast as Diya Singh in ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pehredaar-piya-ki-producer-my-new-show-with-same-star-cast-will-have-a-better-story/articleshow/60276995.cms |title=Exclusive: My new show with same star cast will have a better story, says Pehredaar Piya Ki producer |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/pehredaar-piya-ki-makers-on-new-show-tejasswi-prakash-is-doing-her-stunts-really-well/story-r1yV7qdkx9oQ6lb9pplLjI.html |title=Tejasswi Prakash pulls off stunts 'really well' on her new show with Pehredaar Piya Ki cast |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 October 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, she portrayed Uruvi in [[Star Plus]]'s [[mythological]] drama ''[[Karn Sangini]]'' opposite [[Aashim Gulati]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tejasswi-prakash-to-make-her-mythological-debut/articleshow/65244312.cms |title=Tejasswi Prakash to make her mythological debut |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Career progression (2019–present) ===
In 2019, Tejasswi was seen portraying Mishti Malhotra in the second season of [[Voot]]'s romantic drama ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]'' alongside [[Kunal Jaisingh]] and [[Aneri Vajani]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-silsila-badalte-rishton-ka-2-aneri-vajani-kunal-jaisingh-tejasswi-prakash-s-promo-piques-twitterati-s-interest-2725420 |title=Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka 2: Aneri Vajani, Kunal Jaisingh, Tejasswi Prakash's promo piques Twitterati's interest |date=1 March 2019 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref>

In 2020, she made her [[reality TV]] debut through participation in [[Colors TV]]'s popular stunt-based show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''. Despite being one of the strongest contenders, she had to quit the show midway through after suffering a severe eye injury which ended her journey at 6th place.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/here-s-how-tejasswi-prakash-is-preparing-for-khatron-ke-khiladi-10-1575937-2019-08-01 |title=Here's how Tejasswi Prakash is preparing for Khatron Ke Khiladi 10 |date=1 August 2019 |magazine=India Today |language=en |access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>

In 2021, she participated in [[Colors TV]]'s reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]'' where she survived for 17 weeks inside the house and emerged as the winner of the show.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/tejasswi-prakash-is-bigg-boss-15-winner-takes-home-rs-40-lakh-prize-money-1906521-2022-01-30 |title=Tejasswi Prakash is Bigg Boss 15 winner, takes home Rs 40 lakh prize money |website=India Today |date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>

Soon after Bigg Boss 15 ended, in February 2022, she was signed for [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s popular supernatural franchise ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]'' as the protagonist Pratha Gujral, a shape-shifting serpent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahead of Bigg Boss 15 finale, Tejasswi Prakash bags Naagin 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tejasswi-prakash-naagin-6-bigg-boss-15-finale-7748597/ |access-date=30 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |date=30 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> As a part of the leap tracks of the same season, she played a triple role of a mother-daughter and her reincarnation, Pratha Gujral, Prathna Gujral and Pragati Iyer Shukla. ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]'' turned out to be the longest running season of the popular franchise.

In November 2022, Tejasswi made her Marathi debut alongside [[Abhinay Berde]] in the romantic drama ''[[Mann Kasturi Re]]'' directed by Sanket Mane, which gave her a nomination for the Best Actress Debut at the [[Filmfare Marathi Awards]] 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnpindia.in/videos/mann-kasturi-re-review-the-heartbreaking-love-story-of-tejasswi-prakash-and-abhinay-berde/119878/|title=Mann Kasturi Re Review: The Heartbreaking Love Story of Tejasswi Prakash and Abhinay Berde|first=Shruti|last=Srivastava|date=4 November 2022}}</ref>

In April 2023, she was seen as the lead actress of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film [[School College Ani Life]] produced by [[Rohit Shetty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/school-college-ani-life/movie-review/99498215.cms|title=School College Ani Life Movie Review : School College Ani Life' is definitely worth a trip to the theatres this weekend|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|author=Anub George|date=14 April 2023}}</ref>

In 2025, Tejasswi participated in the first season of ''[[Celebrity MasterChef (Hindi TV series)|Celebrity MasterChef India]]'' and emerged as 2nd runner up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/gaurav-khanna-wins-celebrity-masterchef-nikki-tamboli-tejasswi-prakash-runner-ups-2707767-2025-04-11|title=Gaurav Khanna wins Celebrity MasterChef, Nikki Tamboli, Tejasswi Prakash runner-ups|date=11 April 2025|website=India Today}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Tejasswi is dating actor and host [[Karan Kundrra]] since 2021. They participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]'' and started dating in BB15 house.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/tejasswi-prakash-shares-couple-goals-pics-boyfriend-karan-kundrra-leaves-surprise-him-it-1177424%3famp |title=Tejasswi Prakash shares 'couple goals' PICS with boyfriend Karan Kundrra; Leaves a surprise for him in it |publisher=[[Pinkvilla]] |access-date=16 August 2022 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416181009/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/tejasswi-prakash-shares-couple-goals-pics-boyfriend-karan-kundrra-leaves-surprise-him-it-1177424?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/karan-kundrra-tejasswi-is-the-best-girlfriend-in-the-world-hands-down-101653675937382.html |title=Karan Kundrra: Tejasswi is the best girlfriend in the world hands down |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref>

==In the media==
[[File:Tejasswi Prakash snapped at the Grazia Fashion Awards 2025.jpg|thumb|Tejasswi Prakash in 2025]]
Post ''Naagin'', Tejasswi has established herself among the leading and highest-paid actresses of Indian television.<ref>{{cite web |title=Highest Paid Television Actresses |url= https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/india-10-highest-paid-television-actresses-1707378046293 |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=DNA India |date=12 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-rupali-ganguly-to-kapil-sharma-meet-the-highest-paid-artists-on-television/etphotostory/101778665.cms |title=Kapil Sharma to Rupali Ganguly, 10 highest-paid Indian TV actors who charge a hefty amount per episode |website=Times of India |access-date=22 September 2023 |date=15 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/meet-the-highest-paid-actors-and-actresses-on-indian-television-right-now |title=Meet the 7 highest paid actors and actresses on Indian television right now |date=20 September 2023 |work=GQ India |access-date=26 September 2023}}</ref> She was also included by ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' in its Beautiful Indians 2022 list, "Celebs for Good", for her contributions to the welfare of stray animals and challenged individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.femina.in/mamaearth-beautiful-indians-2022/awardees#celeb_for_good_w |title=Femina India Beautiful Indians 2022 |work=Femina India |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref> She was included by ''[[Hindustan Times|HT City]]'' in its 30 Under 30 list of 2022 for the Television category.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brandstories/30-under-30/winners-2022/ |title=HT City 30 Under 30 Winners 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>
She was awarded the Digital Sensation of the Year at ''[[Filmfare|Filmfare Middle East]]'' 2022 held in Dubai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/shehnaaz-gill-janhvi-kapoor-ranveer-singh-tejasswi-prakash-others-take-over-award-show-in-dubai-in-stunning-looks-101668911848751.html |title=Shehnaaz Gill, Janhvi Kapoor, Ranveer Singh, Tejasswi Prakash, others take over award show in Dubai in stunning looks |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref> She secured the 8th position in the UK list of the Top 50 Asian Celebrities in the World by ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/top-50-asian-stars-of-2022/ |title=Top 50 Asian stars of 2022 |work=Eastern Eye |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> and the 12th position in 2023, for her work in [[Indian television]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/top-50-asian-stars-of-2023/ |title=Top 50 Asian stars of 2023 |work=Eastern Eye |date=16 December 2023 |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref> In 2023, she ranked 4th in ''[[Times Now]]'' "Popular Television Actresses" list.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/web-stories/entertainment/9-indian-tv-actresses-who-are-more-famous-than-bollywood-stars/photostory/100432740.cms|title=9 Indian TV actresses who are more famous than Bollywood Stars|newspaper=[[Times Now]] |date=23 May 2023 |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref> She is also one of the most followed television actress on [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tejasswi Prakash to Shivangi Joshi: Top 10 leading TV actresses with most social media followers |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/tejasswi-prakash-to-shivangi-joshi-top-10-leading-tv-actresses-with-most-social-media-followers-1248590?amp |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331151122/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/tejasswi-prakash-to-shivangi-joshi-top-10-leading-tv-actresses-with-most-social-media-followers-1248590?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[2612]]''
| rowspan="2"| Rashmi Bhargava
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/newstags/tejasvi/256287/2612-show-wake-mumbai-says-actress-tejasvi |title='2612', a show to wake up Mumbai, says actress Tejasvi |website=pinkvilla |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-date=11 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511045012/https://www.pinkvilla.com/newstags/tejasvi/256287/2612-show-wake-mumbai-says-actress-tejasvi |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''2613''
|
|
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Sanskaar – Dharohar Apnon Ki]]''
| Dhara Vaishnav
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/what-s-hot-on-indian-tv-tonight/story-YnlHSWXO6AD6aehZPG1GkO.html|title=What's hot on Indian TV tonight: Sanskar..Dharohar Apnon Ki and Na Bole Tume Na Maine Kuch Kaha |website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]''
| Ragini Gadodia Maheshwari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swaragini actor Tejaswi Prakash Wayangankar's new show is inspired by Lamhe? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/swaragini-actor-tejaswi-prakash-wayangankar-new-show-is-inspired-by-lamhe-4615174/ |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=The Indian Express |date=16 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]''
| rowspan="2"| Diya Singh
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pehredaar-piya-ki-actor-tejaswi-prakash-defends-her-show-here-are-top-six-controversial-things-she-said/articleshow/60003321.cms |title=Pehredaar Piya Ki actor Tejaswi Prakash defends her show; here are top six controversial things she said |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 August 2017 |access-date=10 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]''
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-tejasswi-prakashs-5-must-follow-looks-from-rishta-likhenge-hum-naya/articleshow/62655405.cms |title=PICS: Tejasswi Prakash's 5 must follow looks from Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya |website=The Times of India |date=25 January 2018 |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Karn Sangini]]''
| [[Uruvi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tejasswi-prakash-karn-sangini-mythological-show-5418079/ |title=Tejasswi Prakash: Karn Sangini is a contemporary take on a mythological tale |work=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka | Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka 2]]''
| Mishti Malhotra
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/silsila-badalte-rishton-ka-2-promo-kunal-jaisingh-tejasswi-prakash-aneri-vajanis-show-to-go-on-air-from-march-5-933600 |title='Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka 2' to go on air from March 5; Here's the FIRST PROMO |work=ABP News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2019
| ''Shaadi Ho To Aisi''
| Jiya
|
|
|-
|2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
| Contestant
| 6th place
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-khatron-ke-khiladi-10-tejasswi-prakash-injures-her-eye-while-performing-a-stunt-but-hasnt-quit-the-show/articleshow/70991105.cms |title=Exclusive - Khatron Ke Khiladi 10: Tejasswi Prakash injures her eye while performing a stunt; but hasn't quit the show |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 September 2019 |language=en |access-date=1 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Zee Comedy Show]]''
| Comedian
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tejasswi-prakash-on-doing-comedy-show-wanted-to-do-something-different-have-been-away-from-tv-for-one-and-a-half-year/articleshow/84892539.cms |title=Tejasswi Prakash on doing 'Comedy Show': Wanted to do something different; have been away from TV for one and a half year |website=The Times of India |date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2021–2022
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''
| Contestant
| Winner
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Actor Tejasswi Prakash Is The Winner Of Bigg Boss 15 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tv-actor-tejasswi-prakash-is-the-winner-of-big-boss-15-2738791 |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022–2023
| rowspan="3" |''[[Naagin 6]]''
|Pratha Gujral
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejasswi Prakash confirmed to play the lead role on Naagin 6 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tejasswi-prakash-confirmed-to-play-the-lead-role-on-naagin-6-1906513-2022-01-30 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |date=30 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Prathna Gujral Ahlawat
|
|
|-
|Pragati Iyer
|
|
|-
| 2024
|''Family Table''
| Herself
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025
|''[[ Celebrity MasterChef (Hindi TV series)|Celebrity MasterChef India]]''
|Contestant
|2nd Runner-up
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-20 |title=Tejasswi Prakash roped in as the next contestant on celebrity MasterChef; says 'Cooking on national television is a whole new level of vulnerability' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tejasswi-prakash-roped-in-as-the-next-contestant-on-celebrity-masterchef-says-cooking-on-national-television-is-a-whole-new-level-of-vulnerability/articleshow/116508287.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223171634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tejasswi-prakash-roped-in-as-the-next-contestant-on-celebrity-masterchef-says-cooking-on-national-television-is-a-whole-new-level-of-vulnerability/articleshow/116508287.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''Celebrity Masterchef - Masterclass''
| Panelist
|
|
|-
|2025–
|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment season 3]]''
|Contestant
|
|
|}

====Special appearances====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
| ''[[Beintehaa]]''
| rowspan="2" |Dhara
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2014 |title=This Holi is a special day on TV |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/television/this-holi-is-a-special-day-on-tv-638008 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Parichay (TV series) |Parichay]]''
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
| rowspan="9" | Ragini
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2016 |title='Comedy Nights With Kapil' special episode for Mahashivratri |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/comedy-nights-with-kapil-mahashivratri-episode-20514.html |website=INDIA TV NEWS}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2016
| ''[[Krishnadasi (2016 TV series)|Krishnadasi]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Ishq Ka Rang Safed]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Thapki Pyar Ki]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''Box Cricket League 2''
| Herself
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2018
| ''Swisswale Dulhania Le Jayenge 2''
| Simran
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019
| ''[[Ace of Space 2]]''
| rowspan="2"| Herself
|
|-
|''Kitchen Champion 5''
|
|-
| ''Shaadi Ho Toh Aisi''
| Jiya
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Bigg Boss 13]]''
| rowspan="2" | Herself
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2022
| ''[[Spy Bahu|Spy Bahu - Rang Barse 2022]]''
|Pratha
|
|-
| ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
| rowspan="3" | Herself
|
|-
| ''[[Dance Deewane Juniors (season 1) | Dance Deewane Juniors 1]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Lock Upp]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/lock-upp-tejasswi-prakash-warden-jailor-karan-kundrra-kangana-ranaut-show-video-7901740/ |title=Lock Upp: Warden Tejasswi Prakash to unleash 'atyaachaar' with jailor Karan Kundrra on Kangana's show |date=5 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saavi Ki Savaari|Saavi Ki Savaari - Ganesh Utsav]]''
|Pratha
|
|-
|''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]]''
|rowspan="3" |Herself
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
|''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''
|
|-
|''[[Entertainment Ki Raat Housefull]]''
|
|-
|''[[Bekaboo]]''
|Prathna
|
|-
|''[[Temptation Island: Pyaar Ki Pariksha]]''
|rowspan="7" |Herself
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2024
|''Family Table''
|
|-
|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment season 1]]''
|
|-
|rowspan="5" | 2025
|''[[Super Dancer]]''
|
|-
|''[[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series) season 15]]''
|
|-
|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment season 2]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Pati Patni Aur Panga – Jodiyon Ka Reality Check]]'' (2X)
|
|-
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 7]]''
| Pragati Iyer
| <ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Chirag|date=24 December 2025|title=Tejasswi Prakash, Karan Kundrra Join Team Naagin 7|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/tejasswi-prakash-karan-kundrra-join-team-naagin-7-aa-ws-l-9790699.html|access-date=28 December 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 16|MTV Splitsvilla 16]]''
| Herself
|
|}

===Web shows===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
|-
|2019
|''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka | Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka 2]]''
| Mishti Malhotra
|-
| 2020
|''[[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]''
| Panelist
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2026
|''[[Psycho Saiyaan (TV series)|Psycho Saiyaan]]''
|Charu Lata
|-
|'' Desi Bling ''
| Herself
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Singer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2020
| ''Intezaar''
|[[Ikka Singh|Ikka]], Themxxnlight
|
|-
| ''Sunn Zara''
| JalRaj
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2020 |first=Rishita |last=Roy Chowdhury |title=Sunn Zara song out: Shivin Narang and Tejasswi Prakash sizzle in new romantic number |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sunn-zara-song-out-shivin-narang-and-tejasswi-prakash-sizzle-in-new-romantic-number-1728485-2020-10-05 |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ae Mere Dil''
| [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2020 |first=Shweta|last=Keshri|title=Shaheer Sheikh to romance Tejasswi Prakash in new music video Ae Mere Dil |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/shaheer-sheikh-to-romance-tejasswi-prakash-in-new-music-video-ae-mere-dil-1732534-2020-10-17 |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kalakaar''
| [[Kulwinder Billa]]
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Did you know BB15 winner Tejasswi Prakash has also worked in a Punjabi song video? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-bb15-winner-tejasswi-prakash-has-also-worked-in-a-punjabi-song-video/articleshow/89241733.cms |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=31 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| ''Fakira''
|[[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Check Out Latest Hindi Song Music Video - 'Fakira' Sung By Amit Mishra {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-latest-hindi-song-music-video-fakira-sung-by-amit-mishra/videoshow/81227466.cms |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Mera Pehla Pyaar''
|[[Javed Ali]], [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Mera Pehla Pyaar |url=https://www.hungama.com/song/mera-pehla-pyaar/76380011/ |language=en |access-date=18 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2022
| ''Duaa Hai''
| Vineet Singh
|
|-
|''Kyun Na Aaye''
|Pranav Vatsa
|
|-
|''Rula Deti Hai''
|[[Yasser Desai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2022 |title=Rula Deti Hai is the break-up song |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rula-deti-hai-break-up-song-karan-kundrra-tejasswi-prakash-watch-7798900/ |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Baarish Aayi Hai''
|[[Stebin Ben]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=Baarish Aayi Hai song OUT: करण कुंद्रा और तेजस्‍वी प्रकाश की ये रोमांट‍िक केम‍िस्‍ट्री देख द‍िल से न‍िकलेगा 'हाय...' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/youtube-karan-kundrra-and-tejasswi-prakash-new-song-baarish-aayi-hai-is-out-now-watch-video-noddv-4390611.html |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2023
|''Door Hova Gey''
|[[Jassie Gill]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title='Door Hova Gey' by Jassie Gill, featuring Tejasswi Prakash music video out now: WATCH|url=https://www.businessupturn.com/entertainment/music/door-hova-gey-by-jassie-gill-featuring-tejasswi-prakash-music-video-out-now-watch/ | website=Business Upturn}}</ref>
|-
|''Aidan Na Nach''
|Amar Jalal
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2024
|''Revolver''
|[[Gippy Grewal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2024 |title=Gippy Grewal Teams Up With Tejasswi Prakash For His Music Video|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/gippy-grewal-teams-up-with-tejasswi-prakash-for-his-music-video-8932077.html | website=News 18}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2022
| '' [[Mann Kasturi Re]]''
| Shruti Sarnaik
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mann-kasturi-re-director-sanket-mane-happy-that-tejasswi-prakash-has-won-bigg-boss-we-shall-announce-the-release-date-of-film-soon/articleshow/89245787.cms |title=Mann Kasturi Re director Sanket Mane: Happy that Tejasswi Prakash has won Bigg Boss; we shall announce film's release date soon |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| ''[[School College Ani Life]]''
| Indu
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2020 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Tejasswi Prakash on School College Ani Life, choosing Marathi film over Bollywood supporting role |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/exclusive-tejasswi-prakash-school-college-ani-life-choosing-marathi-film-over-bollywood-supporting-role-517832 |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref
|-
|2015
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role|Best Actress in a Negative Role]]
|''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/nominations-for-indian-telly-awards-2015-out-see-who-all-have-made-the-cut-273701-2015-11-20 |title=Nominations for Indian Telly Awards 2015 out; see who all have made the cut |date=20 November 2015 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2022
|[[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
|Most Stylish Emerging Icon
|{{N/A}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-2022-salman-khan-abhishek-bachchan-jackie-shroff-ananya-panday-tejasswi-karan-kundra-8179519/lite/ |title=Lokmat Most Stylish Awards 2022: Salman Khan, Abhishek Bachchan, Jackie Shroff, Ananya Panday make a stylish appearance |website=theindianexpress |date=29 September 2022 |access-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pinkvilla Screen and Style Icons Awards]]
|Super Stylish TV Couple (With [[Karan Kundra]])
|{{N/A}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prabhasakshi |date=2022-06-17 |title=Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards के रेड कार्पेट पर नजर आई TejRan की रोमांटिक केमिस्ट्री, वायरल हुई तस्वीरें |url=https://www.prabhasakshi.com/bollywood/tejran-romantic-chemistry-on-pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-red-carpet-pics-viral |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Prabhasakshi}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Popular|Best Actress Popular]]
|''[[Naagin 6]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/ |title=The 22nd ITA Awards - Together Forever |work=Ita Awards |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |2023
|[[Filmfare Marathi Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – Marathi|Best Actress Debut]]
|''[[Mann Kasturi Re]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| [[Bollywood Hungama Style Icons]]
| Most Stylish TV Actor (Female)
|{{NA}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Check out the complete list of winners of the Bollywood Hungama Style Icon Awards|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/winners.php|work=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards]]
|Stunningly Stylish Actress TV
|{{N/A}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-2-tejasswi-prakash-wins-lg-presents-stunningly-stylish-actress-tv-1215915 |title=Pinkvilla Style Icons 2: Tejasswi Prakash wins LG Refrigerators presents Stunningly Stylish Actress - TV |website=Pinkvilla |date=8 April 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424004932/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-2-tejasswi-prakash-wins-lg-presents-stunningly-stylish-actress-tv-1215915 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress Female]]
|rowspan="4" |''[[Naagin 6]]''
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/public-voting/ |title=Vote your Favorite |work=Indian Telly Awards |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| Favorite Actress in Mythology Role
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="1" |[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]]
|Favorite TV Actress
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Zeba |title=Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards: Shah Rukh Khan and Hrithik Roshan emerge winners among others |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-shah-rukh-khan-hrithik-roshan-emerge-winners-609248 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=WION News|date=27 June 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Popular|Best Actress Popular]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=ITA Awards 2023: Tejasswi Prakash, Harshad Chopda win big; Hrithik Roshan dances to 'Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ita-awards-2023-tejasswi-prakash-harshad-chopda-win-big-hrithik-roshan-dances-to-kaho-naa-pyaar-hai-9062956/ |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2025
|[[Pinkvilla Screen and Style Icons Awards]]
|Most Stylish TV Actor (Female)
|{{N/A}}
|{{won}}
|
|-
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|Style & Substance Star
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Tejasswi Prakash}}
* {{IMDb name|5684665}}
* {{Instagram|tejasswiprakash}}
* {{Twitter|itsmetejasswi}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, Tejasswi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:People from Jeddah]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]

Durgi (film)

2026-03-03T21:41:13Z

Basavaraj: improved content per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Durgi
| image = Durgi (film).jpeg
| caption = DVD Cover
| director = [[P. Ravi Shankar]]
| producer = [[Ramu (Film Producer)|Ramu]]
| writer = P. Ravi Shankar
| starring = [[Malashri]]
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = Raja Rathinam
| editing = Jo Ni Harsha
| studio = Ramu Enterprises
| distributor = Ramu films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2004|4|28}}
| runtime = 161 minute
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Durgi''''' is a 2004 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[P. Ravi Shankar]] who made his directorial debut. The film stars [[Malashri]] in the lead role. The film is about a female rowdy seeking revenge against politicians who raped and killed her sister.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/malashrees-back-in-action/article4566113.ece|title = Malashree's back in action|newspaper = [[The Hindu]]|date = 31 March 2013|last1 = Khajane|first1 = Muralidhara}}</ref> The film was remade in 2005 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Narasimhudu]]'' starring [[Jr. NTR]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-narasimhudu.html|title = Narasimhudu - Telugu cinema Review - NTR, Amisha Patel & Sameera Reddy|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> In 2008, the film was dubbed in [[Hindi]] as ''Main Hoon Durga''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Fv11uT10SBc_channel=RKDStudios |title=Main Hoon Durga (Durgi) Full Hindi Dubbed Movie |publisher=YouTube.com |date=2018-01-13 |access-date=2023-08-30 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006152200/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv11uT10SBc_channel%3DRKDStudios |url-status=live }}</ref> and in [[Malayalam]] as ''Bhasmasuran''.

==Plot==
The movie opens with Jayadev aka J.D. ([[Raghuvaran]]), a business tycoon, about to get arrested by police with the help of his old friend and business partner, Marigudi ([[Kalabhavan Mani]]), a notorious goon who is now his rival. Marigudi bribes MLA Chandrappa to testify against J.D. In response, J.D. and his son Rahul kill Chandrappa. J.D. wants to make Rahul candidate in the elections against Marigudi's brother Naga ([[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]]). To end the duo's rivalry, the government appoints a new police commissioner to [[Bangalore]], Shankar ([[Ashish Vidyarthi]]), a tough by-the-book officer who will not spare anyone corrupt from the law.

One day, Shankar arrests a young woman named Durgi ([[Malashri]]) for thrashing some goons in the [[Kempegowda Bus Station|Majestic Bus Station]]. He is compelled to release her after learning that Durgi had stopped the goons from molesting a girl in the bus, though is shocked by the sheer rage in her eyes. The grateful girl and her parents accompany Durgi, her grandmother, and her village master to their housing colony. Durgi came from [[Madikeri]] to seek revenge on J.D. and Marigudi. One day, she tries to leave the colony to face them but is noticed by Shankar, who thinks she has mental problems. Unable to control her anger, Durgi and the master plan to kill Marigudi's brother Naga. Marigudi used forged papers to have Naga run as an independent candidate against Rahul.

On the nomination day, Marigudi's car gets blasted, killing four men. Marigudi himself ruthlessly blasted the car to frame J.D. and acquire both public support and votes for Naga. Naga is falsely admitted to the hospital by Marigudi to make the public believe he is in critical condition. They also plan to fake Naga's death. Durgi and the master fail to get inside the hospital due to the increased security so she cuts her hand to be allowed in for treatment. She enters the ICU while Marigudi is absent and brutally kills Naga. Marigudi brings the media to ICU claiming that Naga is in a com, only to be devastated upon seeing his brother dead. Thinking J.D. is responsible, Marigudi vows to finish off him and his son.

Durgi next targets Rahul, whom Marigudi's henchmen chase into a theatre. Durgi silently enters and kills Rahul. Shankar comes to save Rahul but he is found dead in the toilet. To catch the culprit, Shankar orders everyone inside the theater to exit in single-file lines. Durgi and the master leave separately to prevent the commissioner from getting suspicious about seeing them together. However, the master ends committing suicide by shocking himself to save Durgi. Afterwards, Shankar realizes Durgi killed both Rahul and Naga. He enquires about Durgi in her colony, where she arrives and reveals her story.

Durgi is an illiterate woman who resided in Durgapura near Madikeri. She was loved by all in her village and lived happily with her father Ramappa ([[Ramesh Bhat]]), younger sister Ninky, and grandmother. One day, J.D. and Marigudi came to Durgapura to construct a sugarcane factory. Naga and Rahul also came. They were alcoholic spoiled brats who sexually harassed Durgi, but she was stopped from retaliating by the caretaker of the guest house. Ramappa prepared food for them which was to be delivered by Durgi. The duo planned to abuse Durgi when she entered but Ninky unfortunately came there instead. Naga and Rahul were angered so they gang-raped Ninky and threw her into the river. After finding her sister, a devastated and enraged Durgi went to confront them but they had already fled. To protect their son and brother from being charged with rape, Marigudi and J.D. bribed the doctor into letting them inside Ninky's hospital room, where they suffocated her to death with a pillow. They also killed Ramappa, who tried to stop them. Durgi, her grandmother, the master, and the villagers were too late to save them. When they tried to file a case against Rahul and Naga with the MLA's help, they discovered that Ninky's post-mortem report was falsified by the doctor on J.D. and Marigudi's orders. A riot broke out, in which a vengeful Durgi murdered the doctor in front of everyone by tearing out his throat.

A police officer arrests Durgi but doesn't take her to jail. He reveals why J.D and Marigudi murdered Ninky and Ramappa, and seemingly encourages Durgi to go after the remaining men who committed injustice towards her family. Durgi escapes but the police officer shoots her to save J.D. and Marigudi. J.D. kills the policeman and lies that he and Durgi shot each other face to face. After hearing Durgi's story, Shankar wants to help her and promises he will bring both J.D. and Marigudi in the front of the law. However, Durgi doesn't believes there is law and vanishes. Durgi saves J.D. from Marigudi so she can kill him in front of the colony residents. She then confronts Marigudi and after an intense battle, kills him.

Shankar witnesses Marigudi's murder but ultimately decides not to charge Durgi due to her continued pain and sorrow. Durgi and her grandmother return to their village, where they are welcomed by the residents. Durgi imagines seeing her sister one last time.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Malashri]] as Durga Parameswari aka Durgi, [[Madikeri]] Rowdy
*[[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Shankar, Deputy Police Commissioner of [[Bangalore]] City
*[[Raghuvaran]] as JD (Jaydev)
*[[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Marigudi
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Teacher
*[[Doddanna]] as MLA
*[[Sadhu Kokila]] as Durgi's friend
*[[Honnavalli Krishna]] as Colony member
*[[Tennis Krishna]] as Colony member
*[[B. Jayashree]] as Durgi's grandmother
*[[Ramesh Bhat]] as Durgi's Father
*[[Vaijanath Biradar|Biradar]] as Doctor of colony
*[[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]] as Naga, Marigudi's brother
*[[Sathyajith (Kannada actor)|Sathyajith]] as corrupt police officer
*[[Bullet Prakash]] as colony member
*[[Mandeep Roy]] as doctor
*P D Raju
*Costume Krishna
*B K Shankar
*[[Dinesh Mangaluru]]
*Bharath Bhagavathar
*[[Sarigama Viji]]
*[[Michael Madhu]]
*Ramanand
*Rajagopal
*Sridhar
*Jayaram
*Kempegowda
* Chandra
*Ashalatha
*Pankaja
*Baby Arpitha
*Master Ganesh
{{colend}}

==Production==
This film marks the directional debut of actor cum dubbing artist [[P. Ravi Shankar]] who earlier assisted [[Ram Gopal Varma]]. Malayalam actor [[Kalabhavan Mani]] was chosen as the antagonist which marks his debut in Kannada Cinema.<ref name=ci /> Tamil actor [[Raghuvaran]] was chosen to portray the role of second antagonist. This film was the comeback of [[Malashri]] after a hiatus of 4 years. The film was launched on 23 June 2003 at The High Lands Hotel at Bangalore.<ref name=ci>{{cite web|url=http://chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/durgi_muhuratha.html|title=Dawn of 'Durgi' - Ramu's expensive venture|website=[[Chitraloka.com]]|access-date=6 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030810095623/http://chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/durgi_muhuratha.html|archive-date=10 August 2003|date=23 August 2003|last=CNB}}</ref> This film was originally planned as ''Ram'' with [[Arjun Sarja]] which the story was changed into female oriented film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/durgi.html|website=Chitraloka.com|access-date=6 October 2024|title=Malashri is Durgi|date=16 June 2003|last=CNB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030621101348/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/durgi.html|archive-date=21 June 2003}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Hamsalekha]] and lyrics are also written by him. The audio is released by Jhankar music.
{{Infobox album
| name = Durgi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2004
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = Jhankar Music
| producer = [[Hamsalekha]]
| prev_title = [[Nanjundi]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Gowdru]]
| next_year = 2004
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bilthave Nodeega Kavvathagalu
| extra1 = [[B. Jayashree]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Cotton Pete Kanakamma
| extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Idu Hennu Huli
| extra3 = [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Kaveri Neeru Banti Nalliyalli
| extra4 = Badri Prasad, [[Chethan Kumar]], [[J. Anoop Seelin]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Sri Krishna Sri Krishna
| extra5 = [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
| length5 =
}}

== Release and reception==
It was released in 2004 and became an average success.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may022004/movies.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528040245/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may022004/movies.asp | archive-date=28 May 2015 | title=Movie Reviews|work=[[Deccan Herald]] }}</ref> A critic from ''Viggy'' wrote "Director succeeded to keep the matter secret till the interval; then goes haywire leaving many situations to your imagination. We strongly advise week hearted and sensitive people to avoid this film. But if you are the kinds who love programs like ''Crime Diary'' or ''[[Crime Story (American TV series)|Crime Story]]'', yes, ''Durgi'' is a feast to watch!".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_durgi.asp|title=Durgi film review - an action packed extravaganza starring Malasri}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "This is a pakka ({{translation|pure}}) commercial film with nail biting stunts. The narration adopted by the director is superb".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2700-durgi-review.html |title=Durgi Movie Review |work=Chitraloka.com |date=2004-05-01 |accessdate=2024-10-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407154243/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2700-durgi-review.html|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> ''Deccan Herald'' wrote "The director has maintained the suspense in the first part and ‘the story begins’ in the second part which is more of violence and action than acting.
There is nothing new in the story. It is full of violence, blood, murders and harsh sounds".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may022004/mr2.asp|date=2 May 2004|title=Durgi|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=20 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209013436/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may022004/mr2.asp|archive-date=9 December 2004|first=S. N.|last=Deepak}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|27201036}}

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:2004 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2004 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:2004 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2004 action films]]

14 Days Girlfriend Intlo

2026-03-03T09:26:38Z

Basavaraj: new the details w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = 14 Days Girlfriend Intlo.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sriharsha Manne
| writer = Sriharsha Manne
| producer = Satya Komal N
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Ankith Koyya]]
* Shriya Kontham
* [[Vennela Kishore]]
}}
| cinematography = K Soma Sekhar
| editing = Pradeep R Moram
| music = Mark K. Robin
| studio = Satya Arts Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2025|3|7}}
| runtime = 90 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=14 Days (Girlfriend Intlo) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi4nzex |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| gross =
}}
'''''14 Days Girlfriend Intlo''''' ({{translation|14 days in girlfriend's house}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film [[Comedy film|comedy]] written and directed by Sriharsha Manne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=H |first=I. |date=2024-12-09 |title=14 డేస్ గర్ల్ ఫ్రెండ్స్ ఇంట్లో |url=https://telugu.industryhit.com/2024/12/09/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-promises-nonstop-laughter-hero-ankith-koyya-at-sneak-peek-launch-event/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=IndustryHit.Com |language=en-US}}</ref> The film stars [[Ankith Koyya]], Shriya Kontham, and [[Vennela Kishore]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Days Girlfriends Intlo Teaser Promises A Hilarious Entertainer with a Unique Plot vn {{!}} 14 Days Girlfriends Intlo: 14 డేస్ గర్ల్ ఫ్రెండ్స్ ఇంట్లో టీజర్ విడుదల.. ఆధ్యంతం నవ్వుకునేలా..! News in Telugu |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/14-days-girlfriends-intlo-teaser-promises-a-hilarious-entertainer-with-a-unique-plot-vn-187488/amp |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=zeenews.india.com |archive-date=12 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212114316/https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/14-days-girlfriends-intlo-teaser-promises-a-hilarious-entertainer-with-a-unique-plot-vn-187488/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was released on 7 March 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-01 |title='14 Days Girlfriend Intlo' trailer: A laugh riot with a good dose of romance |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-trailer-a-laugh-riot-with-a-good-dose-of-romance-1864276 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301153030/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-trailer-a-laugh-riot-with-a-good-dose-of-romance-1864276 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Harsha (Ankith Koyya) is a young man aspiring to become a filmmaker. He comes across Ahaana's (Shriya Kontham) profile on a dating app and connects with her. When Ahaana's parents leave for a wedding, she invites Harsha home. However, what was meant to be a brief visit turns into a 14-day stay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Days (Girlfriend Intlo) |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/0HO3LTD67GAS2YLU3X0PAEKMF0/ref=atv_dp_share_cu_r}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Shriya Kontham as Ahana
* [[Ankith Koyya]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=14 Days Girlfriend Intlo Movie: A Gen Z Entertainer That Promises Laughter and Life Lessons |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-movie-a-gen-z-entertainer-that-promises-laughter-and-life-lessons-124121600764_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104064427/https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-movie-a-gen-z-entertainer-that-promises-laughter-and-life-lessons-124121600764_1.html |archive-date=4 January 2025 |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-12-10 |title=14 Days (Girlfriend Intlo) sneak peek: Ankith Koyya plays a locked-up lover boy in the upcoming comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Dec/10/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-sneak-peek-ankith-koyya-plays-a-locked-up-lover-boy-in-the-upcoming-comedy |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> as Harsha
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Creator Kiss
* [[Indraja]] as Harsha's mother
* Lakshmi Sujatha as Ahana's mother
* Prashant Sharma as Ahana's father
* Ashok Chandra

== Production ==
The film is produced by Satya Komal N under his Satya Arts Entertainment banner.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2024-12-09 |title='14 Days Girlfriend Intlo' sneak peek: A Gen Z entertainer ready to spark laughter |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-sneak-peek-a-gen-z-entertainer-ready-to-spark-laughter-928305 |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The technical crew consists of cinematographer K Soma Sekhar, editor Pradeep R Moram, music composed by Mark K. Robin<ref>{{Cite web |last=BOWebEditor |date=2024-12-19 |title='14 Days Girlfriend Intlo': A Bold and Entertaining Venture Redefining Gen Z Cinema |url=https://www.businessoutreach.in/14-days-girlfriend-intlo/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Business Outreach |archive-date=12 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212121853/https://www.businessoutreach.in/14-days-girlfriend-intlo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and sound mixing by [[P. A. Deepak]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-11-18 |title=Motion poster of 14 Days Girlfriend Intlo unveiled |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/18/motion-poster-of-14-days-girlfriend-intlounveiled |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222235904/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Nov/18/motion-poster-of-14-days-girlfriend-intlounveiled |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by Mark K. Robin, which includes a song which was sung by [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] and lyrics penned by Rehman and music rights were acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music = Mark K. Robin
| title1 = LUV Song
| length1 = 4:22
| lyrics1 = Rehman
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title2 = Locku Aiyna Raa
| length2 = 3:12
| lyrics2 = Manoj Juloori
| extra2 = Mark K Robin
| title3 = Manase
| length3 = 3:09
| lyrics3 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra3 = [[Kapil Kapilan]], [[Ramya Behara]]
}}

== Release ==
'''Theatrical'''

''14 days Girlfriend Intlo,'' was initially scheduled to release on 14 February 2025 and then to 21 February 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |title=14Days (Girl Friend Intlo) on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/14days-girl-friend-intlo |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Moviebuff.com |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222100009/https://www.moviebuff.com/14days-girl-friend-intlo |url-status=live }}</ref> and finally released theatrically on 7 March 2025.<ref name=":1" />

'''Home media'''

''14 days Girlfriend Intlo,'' was scheduled to stream on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 4 April 2025

== Reception ==
Aditya Devulapally of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave a positive review stating, "''14 Days Girlfriend Intlo'' remains content with being a breezy, light-on-its-feet entertainer" and rated it 3 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2025-03-07 |title=14 Days Girlfriend Intlo review: A zany Gen Z romp that sticks to its lane |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Mar/07/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-review-a-zany-gen-z-romp-that-sticks-to-its-lane |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Hans India]]'' too rated the same and wrote that, "''14 Days Girlfriend Intlo'' is a fun-filled entertainer with good performances, witty humour, and an engaging narrative".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2025-03-07 |title=14 Days Girlfriend Intlo review: A laugh riot with a thoughtful twist |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-review-a-laugh-riot-with-a-thoughtful-twist-951561 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmyFocus |date=2025-03-08 |title=14 డేస్ గర్ల్ ఫ్రెండ్ ఇంట్లో సినిమా రివ్యూ & రేటింగ్! |url=https://telugu.filmyfocus.com/14-days-girl-friend-intlo-movie-review-and-rating-in-telugu |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Filmy Focus |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=14 Days Girlfriend Intlo Movie Review: కడుపుబ్బా నవ్వించే 14 డేస్ గర్ల్ ఫ్రెండ్ ఇంట్లో మూవీ రివ్యూ {{!}} Mahaa News |url=https://mahaanews.co.in/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-movie-review-in-telugu/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=14 Days Girl Friend Intlo Movie: '14 డేస్ గర్ల్ ఫ్రెండ్ ఇంట్లో' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. ప్రేక్షకులను మెప్పించిందా..! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/vennela-kishore-14-days-girl-friend-intlo-movie-review-rating-public-talk-ta-209162 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=N. T. V. |date=2025-03-01 |title=14 Days Girlfriend Intlo: హీరోయిన్ గా చైల్డ్ ఆర్టిస్ట్ ఎంట్రీ.. 14 డేస్ గర్ల్ ఫ్రెండ్ ఇంట్లో ఉంటే? – NTV Telugu |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/news/nanis-gang-leader-child-artist-sriya-kontham-debuting-with-14-days-girlfriend-intlo-trailer-released-764070.html/amp |access-date=2025-03-11 |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt31116092}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy films]]

Khimat

2026-03-03T08:23:52Z

Basavaraj: Creating some page v1 - done

{{Short description|Village is Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
'''Khimat''' is a Village in Dhanera Taluka in [[Banaskantha district]] of Gujarat State, India. It is located 50 KM towards North from District headquarters [[Palanpur]]. It is situated 17 km away from sub-district headquarter [[Dhanera]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayats (ग्राम पंचायत) of panchayat samiti (पंचायत समिति) DHANERA |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayats-list-in-dhanera-panchayat-samiti-4447 |website=localbodydata.com |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=State) |first1=Bombay (India |title=District Census Handbook, Based on the 1951 Census |date=1952 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQZdAdsZ7YwC&q=Khimat |access-date=10 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The chief occupation of people is agriculture.{{fact|date=August 2025}} It Pin code is 385545 and postal head office is Khimat.

== Nearby Places ==
[[Mewada]] (5 KM), Virol (6 KM), Viruna (6 KM), Runi (8 KM), Vithodar (7 KM) are nearby villages. The nearby towns are [[Dhanera]] (17.3 KM), [[Deesa]] (31.6 KM), [[Palanpur]] (59.7 KM), [[Sanchore]] (58.2 KM), [[Tharad]] (62 KM).

== Education ==
There are several primary and 2 nos [[higher secondary]] schools in villages<ref>{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत): KHIMAT (ખીંમત ) |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-khimat-156165 |website=localbodydata.com |access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>

# T.M.S. Jogani Jagruti Primary. School
# Varniya Khimant Primary School
# Goliya Rabarivas Khimat Primary School
# Umedpura Khimat Primary School
# Rampura Khimat Primary School
# [[T.M.S. Jogani Vidhyalaya]]
# Smt. K.D.R. Purohit Gayatri Vidhyalaya

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Vav-Tharad district]]

Stolen (2023 film)

2026-03-02T01:38:54Z

Basavaraj: Put up new post initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Stolen
| image = Stolen poster.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = Karan Tejpal
| producer = [[Gaurav Dhingra]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]
* Shubham Vardhan
* Mia Maelzer
* [[Harish Khanna (actor)|Harish Khanna]]
* Sahidur Rahaman
}}
| music = Arpad Bondy
| writer = {{ubl
| Karan Tejpal
| Gaurav Dhingra
| Swapnil Salkar Agadbumb
}}
| screenplay = Karan Tejpal
{{Infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{ubl
| Shubham Vardhan
| Swapnil Salkar Agadbumb
}}
}}
| cinematography = Isshaan Ghosh
| editing = Shreyas Beltangdy
| studio = Jungle Book Studio
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{film date|2023|08||Venice|ref1=<ref>https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/2023/orizzonti-extra/stolen</ref>}}
June 4 2025
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 93 minutes
}}
'''''Stolen''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by Karan Tejpal and produced by [[Gaurav Dhingra]] under the banner of [[Jungle Book Entertainment|Jungle Book Studio]]. The film stars [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] in the lead role. The film delves into the harrowing journey of two urban brothers who become entangled in the desperate search for a kidnapped baby, but circumstances spiral out of control when they are themselves mistaken for the kidnappers leading to an extended road battle for survival. The film intends to highlight the themes of trust, conscience, and societal divides.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Stolen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/stolen/movieshow/121580418.cms |access-date=2025-06-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film explores the exploitation of [[law enforcement]] by [[anti-social behaviour]] and the impact of [[crowd psychology|mob psychology]].The film was first premiered in the [[2023 Venice Film Festival]] on 31 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Stolen' movie review: Thriller asking tough questions |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/stolen-movie-review-thriller-asking-tough-questions-3575228 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> It premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 4 June 2025.<ref name="Variety"/>

The film was featured at the [[14th Beijing International Film Festival]], where it won the ''Tiantan Awards'' for Best Director, Best Actress, and Best Cinematography.<ref>{{cite news |title=Winners of 14th Annual Beijing International Film Festival Announced, 'Gold or S— ' Takes Top Prize|url=https://variety.com/2024/biz/news/beijing-international-film-festival-winners-1235985760/|access-date=3 May 2024|work=Variety|date=April 29, 2024|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503100033/https://variety.com/2024/biz/news/beijing-international-film-festival-winners-1235985760/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Beijing film festival announces winners of Tiantan awards|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202404/26/WS662bcf15a31082fc043c44f3.html|access-date=3 May 2024|work=China Daily|date=April 26, 2024|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503100611/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202404/26/WS662bcf15a31082fc043c44f3.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It fetched Best Director, and Audience Awards at the "2024 Skip City International Digital Cinema Festival, Japan".<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Winners of Stolen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/abhishek-banerjee-on-the-global-success-of-stolen-you-feel-that-you-have-done-something-for-india-101722810639405.html}}</ref> At the [[Zurich Film Festival]] it won Special Mention<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/zurich-film-festival-india-karan-tejpal-1235748093/|title=Indian Action Drama 'Stolen' Inspired by Social Injustice, Mob Lynchings, Child Abductions|first=Ed|last=Meza|date=8 October 2023}}</ref> and Asia's Best Independent Dramatic Feature at the "All Asian Independent Film Festival".<ref name="auto"/>

Additionally, filmmakers [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Kiran Rao]], [[Nikkhil Advani]], and [[Vikramaditya Motwane]] came on board as executive producers on the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Hindi Directors Are Struggling: Anurag Kashyap, Kiran Rao, Vikramaditya Motwane Decode Why |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/new-hindi-directors-are-struggling-anurag-kashyap-kiran-rao-vikramaditya-motwane-decode-why |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
In the early hours at a remote railway station in rural [[India]], two brothers, Gautam ([[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]) and Raman (Shubham Vardhan), witness a baby being stolen from Jhumpa Mahato (Mia Maelzer), an impoverished [[Adivasi|tribal woman]]. While Raman, guided by moral duty, insists on helping Jhumpa, Gautam is initially reluctant. Their decision to assist propels them into a perilous investigation, where they are mistaken for [[kidnapping|kidnappers]] themselves, leading to a relentless and emotionally charged chase through hostile terrains.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stolen trailer: Abhishek Banerjee races for his life in a thriller about a missing baby |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/stolen-movie-trailer-abhishek-banerjee-races-for-his-life-in-an-action-packed-chase-film-about-a-missing-baby-watch-10033576/ |website=The Indian Express |date=27 May 2025 |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] as Gautam Bansal
*Shubham Vardhan as Raman Bansal, Gautam's Younger Brother
*Mia Maelzer as Jhumpa Mahato
*[[Harish Khanna (actor)|Harish Khanna]] as Constable Pandit Ji
*Sahidur Rahaman as Inspector Shakti Singh
*Saarthak Dewan as Acchelal
*Nirupama Verma as Gautam & Raman's Mother
*Kritikka Avasthi as Indu, Gautam's Wife
*Baby Tanya as Champa
*Lovekush Kundu as Railway Police
*Shrishti as Surili
*Bhanu as Tea Boy
*Kabeer as Senior Forest Official
*Rakesh Singh as Dr. KT Dhingra
*Alisha Soni as Rehab Warden
*Mahendra Sharma as Rana
*Roonj as Nurse
*Altaf as Station Master
*Bhakti Dange as Geetu

== Production ==
The director of the film, Karan Tejpal, approached producer Gaurav Dhingra with an article about a real-life incident in which two young boys were mob-lynched in Assam in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2018-06-10 |title=16 arrested in Assam lynching case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/16-arrested-in-assam-lynching-case/article61827283.ece |access-date=2025-06-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Deeply shaken by the event, Tejpal was determined to craft a film inspired by it. Pre-production began in 2019, but the production process was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Eventually, production resumed between 2022 and 2023.

As the producer, Gaurav Dhingra was committed to ensuring that the film was made on a scale that would resonate with a global audience. Swapnil Salkar, also known as 'Agadbumb', collaborated with Karan Tejpal and Gaurav Dhingra to co-write the dialogues and screenplay, shaping the film into a socially charged action thriller.

Initially, the team considered filming the entire movie in a single take. Although the idea was later dropped, the final film still features several long takes and immersive sequences. ''Stolen'' was shot in Pushkar, Rajasthan, with many of the mob members portrayed by real locals from the area.

Actor Abhishek Banerjee was excited by this unconventional filmmaking approach. He expressed his happiness at seeing the results match the vision they were shooting for. During production, crew members often had to walk several kilometers into remote desert locations to capture the film’s intense scenes.

The film had its world premiere at the [[80th Venice Film Festival]] in 2023 where it received a standing ovation<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Herald |date=2023-09-12 |title='Stolen' steals the show at Venice Film Festival |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/cafe/%E2%80%98stolen%E2%80%99-steals-the-show-at-venice-film-festival/210469 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}</ref> and also received recognition at the Zurich Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2023-09-22 |title=Abhishek Banerjee-starrer Stolen heads to Zurich Film Festival 2023 |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/abhishek-banerjee-starrer-stolen-heads-to-zurich-film-festival-2023 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> Sharing his thoughts on ''Stolen'' being screened at the Zurich Film Festival this year, producer Gaurav Dhingra of Jungle Book Studio, said in a statement, "This is such a special moment for us. The way our film Stolen has managed to steal hearts internationally, we are grateful and excited for this outpour of love and bringing our film to The Zurich Film Festival. As a producer, I feel extremely honored to have this opportunity to put India on the world map through our film. Here's hoping this is just the beginning for us and many more Indian films in the global markets."

== Release ==
Stolen has been available for streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] since June 4, 2025, accessible in over 240 countries and territories.<ref name="Variety">{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Venice Selection 'Stolen' Acquired by Prime Video (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/venice-selection-stolen-prime-video-1236407995/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 25, 2025|access-date=June 23, 2025}}</ref>

Following the release of the film, legendary actor [[Kamal Haasan]] hosted the ''Stolen'' team at his office in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. He appreciated Banerjee's performance and praised the film’s powerful vision while remarking that the story of ''Stolen'' holds a universal appeal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-06-16 |title=Kamal Haasan meets Stolen team in Chennai, appreciates Abhishek Banerjee's performance : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kamal-haasan-meets-stolen-team-chennai-appreciates-abhishek-banerjees-performance/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
Indian critics praised the film’s raw depiction of [[Social class|class]], and [[conscience]]. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|87|6.7|15|consensus=|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stolen (2023) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/stolen_2023_2 |access-date=25 July 2025 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref>

[[Anupama Chopra]] reviewed the 2025 film "Stolen" calling it a "harrowing, claustrophobic drama" that "will horrify and just hook you". She noted that the film, which follows two brothers caught up in a police investigation of a stolen baby, effectively uses handheld cameras, long takes, and a documentary style as reported by The Hollywood Reporter India.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGpj2wS3_Fo |title=Stolen Movie Review {{!}} Anupama Chopra {{!}} THR India |date=2025-06-05 |last=The Hollywood Reporter India |access-date=2025-06-20 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

Hardika Gupta of NDTV stated "Abhishek Banerjee delivers what is arguably the best performance of his career, shedding the comic persona often associated with him and slipping into a role that requires restraint, fear and eventual resolve."<ref>{{Cite web |first=Hradik|last=Gupta|title=Stolen Review: Abhishek Banerjee Gives A Career-Best Performance In Amazon Prime Film |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/stolen-review-abhishek-banerjee-gives-a-career-best-performance-in-amazon-prime-film-3-stars-8593118 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' writes in his review that "What I really like about Stolen is that it doesn’t pretend to hide its own blind spots. The decision to unfold from the point of view of the two urbane characters is a conscious one. It not only reflects the honest gaze of the makers and the fact that it’s these brothers who are the ‘hostile outsiders’ in this nameless region, it also reveals a sociocultural chasm that cannot be overcome with good intent and bleeding-heart-liberal vibes alone."<ref>{{cite web |first=Rahul|last=Desai|title='Stolen' Movie Review: Abhishek Banerjee Stars in a Sharp and Perceptive Survival Thriller|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/stolen-movie-review-abhishek-banerjee-stars-in-a-sharp-and-perceptive-survival-thriller|website=The Hollywood Reporter India |access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated 3/5 stars and said that "Stolen's crisp running time and Abhishek Banerjee's metamorphosis from callous to crusader ensure the stark bits duly haunt and horrify".<ref>{{cite web |first=Sukanya|last=Verma|title=Stolen Review: Haunting|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/stolen-review/20250604.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Tushar Joshi of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and said that "Actor Abhishek Banerjee delivers a powerful performance in the tense thriller 'Stolen', directed by newcomer Karan Tejpal. The film explores dark social themes while keeping viewers hooked from start to finish".<ref>{{cite web |first=Tushar|last=Joshi|title=Stolen review: Karan Tejpal's film steals your attention and never lets it go|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/stolen-movie-review-karan-talwar-director-steals-your-attention-2735454-2025-06-04|website=India Today|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

Shreyanka Mazumdar of ''[[News 18]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that "Karan Tejpal’s Stolen feels like a gut punch. A 90-odd minute thriller that grips you from the first frame and doesn’t let go."<ref>{{cite web |first=Shreyanka|last=Mazumdar|title=Stolen Review: Abhishek Banerjee-Shubham Vardhan's Gripping Thriller Is A Punch To The Gut|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/stolen-review-abhishek-banerjee-shubham-vardhans-gripping-thriller-is-a-punch-to-the-gut-9363906.html|website=News 18|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3.5/5 stars and writes that "Watch ‘Stolen’ for its gripping tension and raw portrayal of India’s class divide in a tight, emotional thriller."<ref>{{cite web |first=Abhishek|last=Srivastava|title=Stolen Review : A taut thriller that never lets you breathe easy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/stolen/ottmoviereview/121597947.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and said that "Stolen though is filled with action, but not an edge-of-the-seat thriller and that’s what makes it different from other films. But action doesn’t overpower the real message of the film. Despite class power being a reality in our society, the movie makes us believe that there are selfless people in this world and that human goodness still exists."<ref>{{cite web |first=Lachmi Deb|last=Roy|title=Stolen Movie Review: Backed by Kiran Rao & Vikramaditya Motwane, Abhishek Banerjee's film is a thriller but has a restrained way of storytelling|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/stolen-movie-review-backed-by-anurag-kashyap-kiran-rao-abhishek-banerjees-film-is-engaging-immersive-and-has-a-message-13894185.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

A critique from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated 3.5/5 stars and commented that "On the whole, STOLEN leaves an impact due to its stark realism, performances and edge-of-the-seat moments."<ref>{{cite web |first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|title=Stolen Movie Review: STOLEN leaves an impact due to its stark realism.|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stolen/critic-review/stolen-movie-review/stolen-leaves-an-impact-due-to-its-stark-realism/|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Sonal Pandya of ''[[Times Now]]'' and said that "With a terrific screenplay and taut direction that accelerates your anxiety, Stolen is entirely convincing until its finale, when it leans a little too positively into the light. Well-acted and constructed, Tejpal's thriller is one that will remain with you even after the credits roll."<ref>{{cite web |first=Sonal|last=Pandya|title=Stolen Movie Review: Abhishek Banerjee Starrer Is A Disquieting Action Thriller That'll Leave You On Edge|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/stolen-movie-review-abhishek-banerjee-starrer-is-a-disquieting-action-thriller-that-ll-leave-you-on-edge-review-151784633|website=Times Now|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Troy Ribeiro of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' observed that "The film works not because it solves any of the issues it raises—poverty, privilege, institutional decay—but because it dares to throw its characters and us into their crosshairs."<ref>{{cite web |first=Troy|last=Ribeiro|title=Stolen Review: Baby Gone, Ethics Shaken — 'Stolen' Balances Grit And Glamour With Abhishek Banerjee And Mia Maelzer|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/stolen-review-baby-gone-ethics-shaken-stolen-balances-grit-and-glamour-with-abhishek-banerjee-and-mia-maelzer|website=The Free Press Journal|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' writes in her review that "movie is inspired by the lynching of two men falsely accused of kidnapping in Assam in 2018. In Stolen, Raman’s decision to overrule the pragmatic Gautam’s objections and listen to his conscience leads to the rudest possible introduction to an unfamiliar, brutal side of India."<ref>{{cite web |first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title='Stolen' review: A gross misunderstanding leads to a white-knuckle experience|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1083098/stolen-review-a-gross-misunderstanding-leads-to-a-white-knuckle-experience|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and said that " It is an intense action drama that delivers thrills and entertainment in abundance. The thrilling sequences, cinematography and more makes Stolen a must-watch."<ref>{{cite web |first=Rachit|last=Gupta|title=Stolen Review - Thrills and drama in top quality cinema |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/web-series/stolen-review-thrills-and-drama-in-top-quality-cinema-74417.htmle|website=Filmfare|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
Shilajit Mitra of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that "‘Stolen’, inspired by real events from 2018, has the atmospherics of a great Hindi chase film, but tells you nothing that you don’t already know".<ref>{{cite web |first=Shilajit|last=Mitra|title=S'Stolen' movie review: Abhishek Banerjee's road thriller is gritty but not revelatory|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/stolen-movie-review-abhishek-banerjee-karan-tejpal-prime-video-shubham-vardhan/article69655446.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

==International acclaim==
''Stolen'' received critical acclaim following its premiere at the [[80th Venice International Film Festival]] in 2023, where it was screened in the [[Venice Film Festival#Orizzonti section|Orizzonti Extra]] section.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stolen – La Biennale di Venezia |url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/2023/orizzonti-extra/stolen |website=La Biennale di Venezia |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref> The film was praised for its tight narrative, realistic performances, and social commentary. Critics highlighted [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]’s portrayal of Gautam as one of the standout performances of his career.

The film won several awards at international film festivals, including [[Best Director]], [[Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], and Best Actress at the [[Beijing International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Abhishek Banerjee's Stolen wins big at Beijing Film Festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/stolen-wins-awards-at-beijing-film-festival/article68065902.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref> It also won [[Best Film]] and [[Best Director]] at the Skip City International D-Cinema Festival in [[Japan]], and received a Special Mention at the [[Zurich Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zurich Film Festival honours Indian film Stolen |url=https://www.scroll.in/reel/1082924 |website=Scroll.in |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt28494851}}

[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020s police procedural films]]
[[Category:Films set in Assam]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Assam Police]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Indian chase films]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films about surrogacy]]
[[Category:Indian pregnancy films|*Sur]]
[[Category:Fiction about law enforcement]]
[[Category:Films about social realism]]
[[Category:2020s pregnancy films]]
[[Category:Films about travel]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]

Bramrachokh

2026-02-28T09:25:55Z

Basavaraj: made the post w/ refs.

{{Short description|Mythical creature from Kashmiri folklore}}
In [[Kashmiri mythology]], '''Bramrachokh''' ({{IPA|ks|bramraːt͡ʃoːkʰ}}, also written as '''Bramarācōkh'''<ref name="uc">{{Cite web |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham |date=1932 |title=A dictionary of the Kashmiri language |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/grierson_query.py?qs=bramar%C4%81co%CC%84kh&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> or '''Rachok'''<ref name="lhk"/>) is a demon<ref name="uc"/> or [[mythical creature]] who inhabits desolate areas and fools travellers by pretending to be a light,<ref name="uc"/> in the manner of a [[will-o'-the-wisp]].<ref name="pandita"/>

Bramrachokh has a pot full of fire balanced on his head, and on his forehead a strong, shining eye. It is said that if a traveller encounters Bramrachokh's light in a remote location, it will lead them to a ditch or a cave,<ref name="lhk"/> or to their death.<ref name="pandita">{{cite book |last1=Pandita |first1=Rahul |title=Our Moon Has Blood Clots: A Memoir of a Lost Home in Kashmir |date=29 October 2017 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-390-1 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Our_Moon_Has_Blood_Clots/kuY1glf2n0YC |language=en}}</ref> Village children who see lights burning and extinguishing in the distance sometimes attribute this to Bramrachokh.<ref name="lhk">{{Cite book |last=Kalla |first=Krishan Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzozRa9wJ9kC&dq=Rahchok&pg=PA238 |title=The Literary Heritage of Kashmir |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |pages=238 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Chillai Kalan}}
* {{annotated link|Rantas}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Kashmiri culture]]
[[Category:South Asian legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Kashmiri folklore]]

{{JammuKashmir-stub}}
{{Myth-stub}}

Temple of the Vedic Planetarium

2026-02-27T14:23:33Z

Basavaraj: Put up a place nd citations - done

{{short description|Hindu temple complex in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name= Temple of the Vedic Planetarium
|image= Mayapur-(Birthplace_of_Lord_Caitanya_Mahaprabhu).jpg
|caption= View of the Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir in the complex from the [[Ganges]].
|map_type=
|temple_tank=
|architecture=
|tradition=
|festival=
* [[Gaura Purnima]]
* [[Chandan Yatra]]
* [[Ratha Yatra]]<ref name="thestatesman">{{cite web |title=Iskcon Mayapur celebrates Rath Yatra |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/iskcon-mayapur-celebrates-rath-yatra-1503086523.html |website=www.thestatesman.com |date=2 July 2022 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[Radhashtami]]
|embedded=
|province=
|Founder=
|temple_board= [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]]
|religious_affiliation= [[Hinduism]]
|founded_by= [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]
|length=
|tower=
|native_name=
|year_completed=
|architect=
|location= [[Mayapur]]
|state= [[West Bengal]]
|country= India
|website={{URL|https://tovp.org/}}

}}
The '''Temple of the Vedic Planetarium''' is a modern [[Hindu temple]] and planetarium complex under construction since 2009 in [[Mayapur]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. Serving as the global headquarters of the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] (ISKCON), the temple is of particular significance to followers of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]], a tradition associated with [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]. The complex includes the '''Sri Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir''', one of the main temples within the premises, which is dedicated to the worship of the [[Pancha Tattva (Vaishnavism)|Pancha Tattva]] deities, [[Radha Krishna|Radha Madhava]] along with the [[Ashtasakhi|Ashta-sakhis]], and [[Narasimha]]. Upon completion, it will be the largest religious monument in the world, with its opening scheduled for 2026. The project chair is [[Alfred Ford|Alfred Brush Ford]], also known as [[Ambarish Das]], a great-grandson of [[Henry Ford]] and an initiated disciple of [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|Srila Prabhupada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alfred Ford News Photo GUJARAT: American businessman Al... |url=https://timescontent.timesgroup.com/photo/news/Alfred-Ford/519305 |access-date= |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |date=2022-08-27 |title=World's largest religious monument to open in West Bengal, check details {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/worlds-largest-religious-monument-temple-of-vedic-planetarium-to-open-in-west-bengal-check-details-11661568814152.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114231634/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/worlds-largest-religious-monument-temple-of-vedic-planetarium-to-open-in-west-bengal-check-details-11661568814152.html |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=2025-06-22 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Everything you need to know about temple of Vedic Planetarium, Mayapur, West Bengal |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/everything-you-need-to-know-about-temple-of-vedic-planetarium-mayapur-west-bengal/photostory/107827481.cms |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=World's largest Hindu Temple - Temple of the Vedic Planetarium and all you need to know about it |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/worlds-largest-hindu-temple-temple-of-the-vedic-planetarium-and-all-you-need-to-know-about-it/photostory/93879642.cms |access-date=2025-06-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-27 |title=Vedic Planetarium, world's largest temple, to open in Bengal {{!}} 10 things to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/vedic-planetarium-world-s-largest-temple-to-open-in-bengal-10-things-to-know-101661579886577.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614023548/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/vedic-planetarium-world-s-largest-temple-to-open-in-bengal-10-things-to-know-101661579886577.html |archive-date=14 June 2024 |access-date=2025-06-22 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayapur ISKCON Temple Hosts Grand Rath Yatra For Lord Jagannath And Siblings |url=https://www.news18.com/india/mayapur-iskcon-temple-hosts-grand-rath-yatra-for-lord-jagannath-and-siblings-8966846.html |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2025-01-19 |title=Anant Ambani's Vantara To House 2 ISKCON Mayapur Elephants With Lifelong Support |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/anant-ambani-vantara-to-house-2-iskcon-mayapur-elephants-with-lifelong-support-1745269 |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Location==
The complex is in the [[Ganges Delta]] region at the confluence of the [[Ganges]] and [[Jalangi River|Jalangi]] rivers in the [[Nadia district]] of the Indian state [[West Bengal]]. The area is located {{Convert|36|ft|m|order=flip}} above the mean sea level.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayapur topographic maps, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-us.topographic-map.com/place-p2s4s/Mayapur/ |website=Topographic maps |access-date=14 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ganges]] flows on the western side of the temple premises, while Jalangi river flows on the southern side. The Temple of the Vedic Planetarium is part of the [[ISKCON]] complex in [[Mayapur]], identified by [[Bhaktivinoda Thakur]] in 1894 as the true birthplace of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].{{Sfn|Sarbadhikary|2015|p=43, 151}} [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]] founded [[Mayapur]] as a place of pilgrimage in the 20th century.{{sfn|Fahy|2017|p=334}}

== Architecture ==
The temple complex consists of several buildings and structures, namely the Sri Sri Radha Madhava Mandir, Srila Prabhupada's Pushpa Samadhi Mandir and Srila Prabhupada's Bhajan Kutir.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir |url=https://www.mayapur.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Campus-Map-FINAL-print-1450x1536.jpg |website=www.mayapur.com |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> Also a large temple under construction named ''Temple of the Vedic Planetarium''<ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite web |title=Vedic Planetarium, world's largest temple, to open in Bengal {{!}} 10 things to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/vedic-planetarium-world-s-largest-temple-to-open-in-bengal-10-things-to-know-101661579886577.html |website=www.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 October 2023 |language=en |date=27 August 2022}}</ref> belongs to the Mayapur Chandradoya Mandir premises.<ref name="mayapur" />

The Temple of the Vedic Planetarium's blue dome, inspired by the [[United States Capitol|Capitol Building]], features intricate Vedic cosmological elements like [[Mount Meru]] and a "universal chandelier", symbolizing a unique fusion of architecture and spirituality.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NfODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT199 |title=Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century |date=30 November 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-099134-0 |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref>

== Shrines ==
[[File:Srila Prabhupada's Bhajan Kutir 07102013.jpg|thumb|Bhajan Kutir]]
The main altar of Sri Sri Radha Madhav Mandir has a life size Radha Madhav, surrounded by Ashta-sakhis (eight principal gopi friends). Madhava ([[Krishna]]) stands in flute-playing posture, and [[Radha]] stands on his left. There is a second altar for Pancha Tattva (Sri Chaitanya and his four associates).<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2014 |title=New Ceiling Painting Wows at Italy's Villaggio Hare Krishna |url=https://iskconnews.org/new-ceiling-painting-wows-at-italys-villaggio-hare-krishna/ |access-date= |website=ISKCON News |language=en}}</ref> In the center of this temple is the merciful deity of [[Narasimha]]deva. The deity was installed here after the temple was attacked by dacoits in 1986. A large brass idol of Srila Prabhupada is worshiped at the Pushpa Samadhi Mandir. The Samadhi Mandir has extensive gardens. A large diorama exhibit inside the mausoleum depicts the life of [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|Srila Prabhupada]] and his struggle to establish [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]]. The outer walls of the temple are decorated with [[Terracotta|terra-cotta art]] depicting various descriptions of [[Bhagavata Purana|Srimad-Bhagavatam]]. Bhajan Kutir is a renovated thatched hut where Srila Prabhupada stayed from 1972 to 1973 when the first main building (Lotus Building) was built. The Kutir has an deity of Nitai Gaurasundar made of neem wood. The Temple of Vedic Planetarium houses the deity of [[Radha Krishna|Radhakrishna]], a combined form of the Hindu god Krishna with his chief consort and shakti Radha.<ref name="mayapur">{{cite web |title=ISKCON Mayapur Campus |url=https://www.mayapur.com/visit-mayapur/places-to-visit/iskcon-mayapur-campus/ |website=www.mayapur.com |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019035844/https://www.mayapur.com/visit-mayapur/places-to-visit/iskcon-mayapur-campus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

===Sources===
* {{cite journal |last1=Fahy |first1=John |title=Failing well: Accommodating vices in an ideal Vedic City |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.14318/hau7.2.030 |journal=HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory |access-date=14 October 2023 |pages=331–350 |language=en |doi=10.14318/hau7.2.030 |date=September 2017 |volume=7 |issue=2 |quote=Prabhupad’s vision for Mayapur has been the catalyst for dramatic social, economic, and infrastruc-tural development over the last forty years, which has accelerated markedly since 2009 with the beginning of construction work on what will be one of the largest Hindu temples in the world, the ''Temple of Vedic Planetarium'' (TOVP).|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarbadhikary |first=Sukanya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeLvCwAAQBAJ |title=The Place of Devotion: Siting and Experiencing Divinity in Bengal-Vaishnavism |date=2015 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-96266-8 |language=en}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last1=Hawley |first1=John Stratton |title=Krishna's playground: Vrindavan in 21st century |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9780190123987 |edition=First |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NfODwAAQBAJ&dq=difference+between+Mayapur+Chandrodaya+Mandir+and+Temple+of+the+Vedic+Planetarium&pg=PT186 |access-date=9 March 2024}}

==External links==
* [https://mayapur.com/downloads/Brochure-Mayapur-Master-Plan.pdf Sri Chaitanya Cultural World Heritage Center]

{{ISKCON}}

{{coord|23.4249|88.3892|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:International Society for Krishna Consciousness temples]]
[[Category:Radha Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nadia district]]

Kodanad Abhayaranyam animal shelter and elephant training centre

2026-02-23T03:41:38Z

Basavaraj: added references

{{short description|Eco tourism project in Kerala}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Abhayaranyam Animal Shelter and Kodanad Elephant Training Centre
| iucn_category =
| map = Kerala
| relief = yes
| map_width =
| map_caption =
| image = File:Elephant - ആന 04.JPG
| image_caption = A baby elephant in [[Kodanad]]
| location = [[Kaprikkad]] [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Ernakulam]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.18|N|76.51|E|display=inline,title}}
| area = 123 hectares
| established = 1895 (As elephant training centre 2011 (Relocated and upgraded into animal shelter and elephant training centre)
| visitation_num = 150,000 per year
| visitation_year = 2019
| governing_body = [[Kerala Forest Department]]
}}
'''Abhayaranyam''' is an animal shelter–[[zoo|mini zoo]], which functions under the [[Ecotourism|eco-tourism]] project of [[Kerala government]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ആനകളും മാനുകളും കുളിര്‍ കാറ്റും... ഇതാ എറണാകുളത്ത് വണ്‍ഡേ ട്രിപ്പിന് പറ്റിയ സ്ഥലം|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kaprikkad-abhayaranya-kappa-tv-open-road-perfect-place-for-a-one-day-trip-to-ernakulam-1.3894330|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128011213/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kaprikkad-abhayaranya-kappa-tv-open-road-perfect-place-for-a-one-day-trip-to-ernakulam-1.3894330|url-status=dead}}</ref> Located near to [[Kaprikkad|Kaprikad]] village in [[Kunnathunad]] taluk of [[Ernakulam]] district, the shelter was opened in 2011, with an aim to rehabilitate the animals in the [[Kodanad]] [[elephant]] training center, located two kilometers away.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abhayaranyam Eco Tourism in Kerala {{!}} Eco tourism programmes in Ernakualm|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/ecotourism/trekking-programs/abhayaranyam-eco-tourism/41|access-date=2021-02-27|website=www.keralatourism.org}}</ref> '''Kodanad Elephant training center''' was one of renowned and largest elephant training center in [[Kerala]]. It was also the first elephant training center in Kerala, started in 1895.<ref>{{Cite web|title=കോടനാട് : കേരളത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ ആന പരിശീലന കേന്ദ്രങ്ങളില്‍ ഒന്ന്, അഭയാരണ്യം, കപ്രിക്കാട്, കേരള വിനോദ സഞ്ചാരം|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/malayalam/destination/kodanad-ernakulam/123|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Kerala Tourism|language=ml}}</ref> The center covered an area of 2 acres and when the number of animals there kept increasing, all the animals were gradually relocated to Abhayaranyam, which has an area of 123 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web|title=സഞ്ചാരികളേ സ്വാഗതം: അഭയാരണ്യം വീണ്ടും തുറന്നു|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/reporterscorner/ernakulam/2021/02/03/kaprikkad-abhayaranyam-reopened.html|access-date=2021-02-27|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref>

==History==
===Kodanad elephant training center===
[[File:Elephant Kraal, Kodanad.jpg|thumb|The famous elephant Kraal in Kodanad now remains as a reminiscent of its rich history]]
Elephant poaching and training were started in 1895 in the [[Malayattoor|Malayattor]] forest reserves. The Kodanad elephant training, situated near the banks of [[Periyar (river)|Periyar]] was started in the same year, when the [[Travancore]] government decided to train the elephants caught in the wild. By 1950, it became one of the biggest elephant centers in [[Kerala]]. Over a period of time, hundreds of other animals and birds were also brought into this place and it was developed as a mini-zoo. There were many [[mahouts]] here, who specialized in taming and teaching the elephants. When the [[Government of India|Indian government]] banned elephant poaching in 1977, it became a rehabilitation center for rescued elephants from forests, who have been injured or separated from their herd.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abhayaranyam, an ideal weekend getaway from Ernakulam|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2019/12/02/abhayaranyam-ideal-getaway-from-ernakulam.html|access-date=2021-02-27|website=OnManorama}}</ref> With the relocation of the training center to nearby Abhayaranyam, the Kodanad elephant training center became unoperational was closed later. Presently, the main ''Aanakkoodu'' (elephant [[Kraal]]) here remains as a reminiscent of its rich history.<ref>{{Cite web|title=അഭയാരണ്യത്തിലും ആനക്കളരിയിലും വികസന പദ്ധതികള്‍|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/news/development-projects-at-abhayaranyam-1.3932284|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Mathrubhumi|date=6 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Currently, it is under discussion to turn the century-old place into a heritage monument and start a new center for research on elephants. Some elephant lovers also demands to open a rescue center for baby elephants here.<ref>{{Cite web|last=രമേഷ്|first=പി|title=പ്രയോജനപ്പെടുത്താം, കോടനാടിന്റെ ഹരിതസാധ്യതകള്‍|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/news/kodanad-periyar-kerala-tourism-malayalam-news-1.873171|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Mathrubhumi|date=18 February 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

===Abhayaranyam===

When the number of animals significantly increased in Kodanad, animal activists started complaining about keeping such a large number of animals in a small area of 2.5 acres of land. Abhayaranyam was opened on 18 February 2011, with an aim to house the elephants and other animals in open area of about two hundred acres with proper fencing to keep the animals safe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=കോടനാട് ആനക്കളരി അഭയാരണ്യത്തിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുന്നു|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/news/kodanad-elephant-training-center-malayalam-news-1.728740|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Mathrubhumi|date=11 December 2015 |language=en}}</ref> The Abhayaranyam project was launched as a [[Zoo|mini zoo]] - rehabilitation center and as of 2021, it is home to six elephants and more than 300 deer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala: Cleanliness project to turn elephant dung into manure|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2020/nov/09/cleanliness-project-to-turn-elephant-dung-into-manure-2221184.html|access-date=2021-02-27|website=The New Indian Express|date=9 November 2020 }}</ref> The center also has facilities like veterinary hospital, mortuary and water supply plant.

For elephant camp visit guests can easily stay in Elephant pass resort nearby
==See also==
*[[Kottur Elephant Sanctuary and Rehabilation Centre]]
*[[Elephant Training Center, Konni]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Elephant sanctuaries]]
[[Category:Wildlife rehabilitation and conservation centers]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Kerala]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:1895 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala]]

Jalalabad, Punjab Assembly constituency

2026-02-19T21:09:05Z

Basavaraj: made the article added tags...

{{short description|Constituency of the Punjab legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the constituency in UP|Jalalabad (UP Assembly constituency)}}
{{other uses|Jalalabad (disambiguation) {{!}} Jalalabad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jalalabad
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 79
| map_image = Fazilka district assembly constituencies.svg
| mla = [[Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Firozpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:213416}} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}
}}
'''Jalalabad Assembly constituency''' is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Fazilka district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |access-date=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2016 }}</ref>

==Members of Legislative assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member!!
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Prem Singh ||
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| Lajinder Singh ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" | Mehtab Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|
|-
| [[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Manga Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Mehtab Singh
|
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
| Hans Raj Josan
|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| [[Sher Singh Ghubaya]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/rapid-rise-low-profile/story-G6XvtUtravgJPEDB2UAMXK.html|title=Sher Singh, Rapid rise low profile|access-date=24 Jan 2017|via=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| Hans Raj Josan
|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Sher Singh Ghubaya]]
|
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
| 2009*
| rowspan="3" | [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File: Sukhbir Singh Badal.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
| [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| 2019*
| [[Raminder Singh Awla]]
|
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2022
|[[Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jalalabad-seat-punjab-election-results-2022-sad-s-sukhbir-singh-badal-trails-aap-s-jagdeep-kamboj-leading-2939004 | title=Jalalabad seat, Punjab Election Results 2022: SAD's Sukhbir Singh Badal trails, AAP's Jagdeep Kamboj leading }}</ref>
|[[File: Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy.jpg|80px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

* * bypoll

==Election results==
===2022===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Assembly Election 2022]]: Jalalabad, Punjab<ref name="results 2022">{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS1979.htm?ac=79 |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy]]
|votes = {{formatnum:91455}}
|percentage = 52.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:60525}}
|percentage = 35.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mohan Singh Phalianwala<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:8771}}
|percentage = 5.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Puran Chand
|votes = {{formatnum:5418}}
|percentage = 3.14
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Surinder Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1860}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|candidate = Gurmeet Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1248}}
|percentage = 0.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = 830
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30930}}
|percentage = 17.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:213416}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===

{{Election box begin |title=By-election, 2019: Jalalabad, Punjab<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Raminder Singh Awla]]
|votes = 76,098
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Raj Singh Dibbipura
|votes = 59,465
|percentage =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Mohinder Singh
|votes = 11,301
|percentage =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = [[Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy]]
|votes = 5,836
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate =None of the above
|votes = 704
|percentage =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =1,54,368
|percentage =75.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser =Shiromani Akali Dal
|winner=Indian National Congress
|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===

{{Election box begin |title= [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Assembly Election 2017]]: Jalalabad, Punjab}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:75271}}
|percentage = 44.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
|votes = {{formatnum:56771}}
|percentage = 33.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ravneet Singh Bittu]]
|votes = {{formatnum:31539}}
|percentage = 18.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate =[[None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1112}}
|percentage = 0.60
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes ={{formatnum:18500}}
|percentage = 11.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes ={{formatnum:167937}}
|percentage =86.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:194511}}
|ref= <ref name="Election Commission">{{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = Shiromani Akali Dal |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2012 ===

{{Election box begin
|title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]:Jalalabad, Punjab }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:80647}}
|percentage = 53.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Hans Raj Josan]]
|party = Independent politician
|votes = {{formatnum:30401}}
|percentage = 20.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Malkit Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:17970}}
|percentage = 12.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:50246}}
|percentage = 33.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:149395}}
|percentage = 87.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:149395}}
|ref=<ref name="Election Commission" />
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner =
|loser =
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{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===

{{Election box begin
|title=[[2009 elections in India#Punjab|Punjab by election, 2009]]:Jalalabad, Punjab }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sukhbir Badal
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 107,120
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hans Raj Josan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 26,458
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
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{{Election box end}}

=== 2007 ===

{{Election box begin
|title=[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2007]]:Jalalabad, Punjab }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sher Singh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 89,085
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hans Raj Josan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 45,008
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
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|reg. electors = {{formatnum: }}
|ref=<ref name="Election Commission" />
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|loser =
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{{Election box end}}

=== 2002 ===

{{Election box begin
|title=[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2002]]:Jalalabad, Punjab }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hans Raj Josan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 45,727
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sher Singh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 41,396
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
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|votes =
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{{Election box end}}

=== 1997 ===

{{Election box begin
|title=[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 1997]]:Jalalabad, Punjab }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sher Singh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 42,844
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hans Raj Josan
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 39,447
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
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{{Election box end}}

===Previous results===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year!!A C No.!!Category!!Name!!Party!!Votes!!Runner up!!Party!!Votes
|-
|1992||93||GEN||Hans Raj Josan||INC||18,105||Sucha Singh||BSP||15,217
|-
|1985||93||GEN||Mehtab Singh||CPI||24,287||Manga Singh||INC||18,763
|-
|1980||93||GEN||Manga Singh||INC(I)||27,326||Mehtab Singh||CPI||17,586
|-
|1977||93||GEN||Mehtab Singh||CPI||29,926||Rajinder Singh||IND||12,131
|-
|1972||7||GEN||Mehtab Singh||CPI||39,909||Harbhajan Singh||SOP||9,723
|-
|1969||7||GEN||Lajinder Singh||INC||31,776||Bakhtawar Singh||BJS||11,772
|-
|1967||7||GEN||Prem Singh||CPI||20,046||Lajinder Singh||INC||19,378
|}

== See also ==
*[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.6|74.25|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Fazilka district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Punjab, India]]

Gooty

2026-02-17T22:30:32Z

Basavaraj: updated

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gooty
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Gooty Fort.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Gooty Fort]]
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.121|N|77.634|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175528/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 34.84
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 48658
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=635326|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/ANDHRA_PRADESH/ANANTHAPUR/Gooty_PINCODE 515401]
| registration_plate = AP
| website = {{URL|http://gooty.cdma.ap.gov.in/en}}
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Gooty fort.jpg|thumb|250px|Gooty Fort view from road]]

'''Gooty''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ʊ|θ|ɪ}} {{respell|GUUTH|ee}}; [[Telugu language|Telugu]]''':''' గుత్తి, transliterated as Guththi) is a town in [[Anantapur district]] of the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the headquarters of Gooty [[mandal]] in [[Anantapur revenue division]].<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Chittoor|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2822_PART_B_DCHB_ANANTAPUR.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=7 November 2015|page=15,192}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anantapur District Mandals|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf|publisher=Census of India|access-date=6 June 2017|pages=375}}</ref> The town is renowned for the [[Gooty Fort|Gooty hill fort]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Historic Gooty fort in need of renovation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/historic-gooty-fort-in-need-of-renovation/article6092037.ece|access-date=21 October 2014|work=The Hindu|date=7 June 2014|location=Anantapur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/anantapur_gooty.html |title=Archeological Survey of India |access-date=15 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614022947/http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/anantapur_gooty.html |archive-date=14 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Geography ==
Gooty is located at {{Coord|15.12|N|77.63|E|}}, at a distance of 52 km from [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh|Anantapur]]. It has an average elevation of 345 metres (1131 feet).

Earlier, Gooty was under the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], later they abandoned Gooty Fort, [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] took over fort they ruled through sandoor Gorpades till British left India.

== History ==
Eight inscriptions have been found on the rocks close to the Narasimha temple located within the fort premises. These inscriptions are seriously damaged, but appear to be from the reign of the [[Western Chalukya]] king [[Vikramaditya VI]] (r. c. 1076–1126 CE). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Gooty fort, Andhra needs urgent restoration |url=https://www.navrangindia.in/2017/10/historical-gooty-fort-andhra-needs.html |access-date=2025-03-18}}</ref>The earliest of the existing fortifications and other structures can be dated to the late Chalukya period.<ref name="ASI_Hyd_Gooty">{{cite web |url=http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/anantapur_gooty.html |title=Monuments in Anantpur |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Hyderabad Circle |accessdate=2016-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614022947/http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/anantapur_gooty.html |archive-date=14 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The fort later came under the control of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. During the reign of [[Venkatapati Deva Raya|Venkata II]] (r. c. 1584–1614), the Vijayanagara lost the fort to the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] appear to have controlled the fort after their conquest of the Qutb Shahi capital [[Golconda]]. Around 1746 CE, the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] general [[Murari Rao]] captured the fort, and made it his permanent residence eight years later. He repaired the fort, and commissioned the [[stucco]] ornamentation of the small gateways.<ref name="ASI_Hyd_Gooty"/>

In 1775 CE, the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] ruler [[Hyder Ali]] attacked and besieged the fort. After two months, Murari Rao was forced to surrender, as he ran out of water supplies. The fort later came under the control of the [[East India Company]]. Its administrator [[Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Thomas Munro]] was buried at the cemetery located at the foothill.<ref name="ASI_Hyd_Gooty"/>

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], had a population of 48,658. The total population constitute, 23,943 males and 24,715 females —a sex ratio of 1032 females per 1000 males. 5,216 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 2,662 are boys and 2,554 are girls —a ratio of 959 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 76.91% with 33,411 literates.<ref name=population />

== Government and politics ==
Gooty was constituted as III-Grade municipality on 3 September 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Basic Information of Municipality|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/GOOTY/Basic_information_Municipality.html|website=Commissioner and Directorate of Municipal Administration|publisher=Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=18 February 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104436/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/GOOTY/Basic_information_Municipality.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The total income earned per annum for the [[Financial year|FY]] (2010–2011) was {{INRConvert|161.46|c|abbr=on}} and the expenditure spent by the municipality for the same year was {{INRConvert|173.11|c|abbr=on}}.<ref name=municpality>{{cite web|title=Basic Information of Municipality|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/GOOTY/Basic_information_Municipality.html|publisher=Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104436/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/GOOTY/Basic_information_Municipality.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Transport ==
Bus and train facilities available to the major cities Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai. The [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] operates bus services from Gooty bus station.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations in Districts |url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |website=Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation |access-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322233330/http://apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref> Gooty railway station is located on the [[Guntakal–Chennai Egmore section]], which is part of [[Mumbai]] – [[Chennai]] railway route, it is home to one of the 5 diesel locomotive sheds in the [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railways]] (SCR). [[Gooty Junction railway station]] is situated on the [[Bangalore]] – [[Hyderabad]] [[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)]] or 44, Ankola–Bellary–Gooty National Highway [[National Highway 63 (India)|NH 63]], Gulbarga–Gooty National Highway (in process w.e.f 23/01/2014). [[Diesel Loco Shed, Gooty]] is home to diesel locomotives of the [[ALCO]] [[WDG-2A]], [[WDG-3A]], [[WDM-3A]] and [[WDM-3D]] classes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-ops2.html |title=Railway Operation, see '''Q. Are there any special requirements for locos to work ghat sections?''' |access-date=2012-11-21 |website=www.irfca.org]}}</ref>

== Education ==
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of Andhra Pradesh.
Higher education facility bachelor's degree (BTech,Bsc,Bcom,BA) / master's degree(MCA,MBA).<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department |url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Commons category|Gooty}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Anantapur district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Anantapur district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Anantapur district]]

M. V. George

2026-02-08T12:00:02Z

Basavaraj: Starting A Entry First Draft

{{Short description|Indian photochemist (1928–2019)}}
{{Indian patronymic|George|Manapurathu Verghese}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = M. V. George
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|10|3|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Ashtamudi, [[Kollam district]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]] (present-day Kerala, India)<ref name="M_V_George_obit">{{Cite journal | last1 =Das | first1 = Suresh | url =https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/02/0309.pdf | title =M. V. George (1928–2019) | journal = [[Current Science]]| volume = 118 | pages = 309–311 | year = 2020 | issue = 2 }}</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|12|09|1928|10|03}}<ref name="M_V_George_obit"/>
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, India
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Photochemistry]] | [[Chemical laser|Laser chemistry]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]] | [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]] | [[University of Notre Dame]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Madras University]] | [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] | [[St. John's College, Agra]]}}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | P. I. Ittyerah | [[Henry Gilman]] | [[Melvin Spencer Newman]] | [[Derek Barton]] | [[Rolf Huisgen]] }}
| doctoral_students = [[K. George Thomas]]
| known_for = Studies on mechanism of organic reactions
| awards = {{ublist | 1973 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1985 C. V. Raman Award | 1990 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Professor T. R. Seshadri 70th Birthday Commemoration Medal | 1992 [[TWAS Prize]] | 2001 [[Chemical Research Society of India|CRSI]] Lifetime Achievement Gold Medal }}
}}

'''Manapurathu Verghese George''' (3 October 1928 - 9 December 2019) was an Indian [[Photochemistry|photochemist]] and an emeritus professor of the [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]] (NIIST).<ref name="History">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niist.res.in/english/about-us/history |title=History |date=2016 |publisher=National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131923/http://www.niist.res.in/english/about-us/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was known for establishing the Photochemistry Research Unit at NIIST and his studies on the mechanism of [[Reaction mechanism|organic reactions]].<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=459 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> He is a recipient of the 1992 TWAS Award<ref name="TWAS Award">{{Cite web |url=http://twas.org/recipients-twas-awards-and-prizes |title=TWAS Award |date=2016 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences}}</ref> and an elected fellow of [[The World Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="TWAS fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://twas.org/member/george-manapurathu-v |title=TWAS fellow |date=2016 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114234634/http://twas.org/member/george-manapurathu-v |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Indian National Science Academy]]<ref name="Indian fellow - Manapurathu Verghese George">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N75-0259 |title=Indian fellow- Manapurathu Verghese George |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2017-10-22 |archive-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115070711/http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N75-0259 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/George,_Prof._Manapurathu_Verghese |title=Fellow profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1973, for his contributions to chemical sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
[[File:St. johns college, agra, uttar pradesh, India.JPG|thumb|235px|St. John's College, Agra]]
M. V. George, born on 3 October 1928 in the south Indian state of [[Kerala]], graduated in chemistry from [[University of Madras|Madras University]] in 1948 and moved to the [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] (then known as Agra University) from where he secured his master's degree in 1951.<ref name="Indian fellow - Manapurathu Verghese George" /> He did his doctoral studies at [[St. John's College, Agra]] of Agra University under the guidance of P. I. Ittyerah, a former principal of the college, and after securing PhD in 1954, he did his post-doctoral studies at various colleges in the US, UK, Germany and Canada.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

He returned to India in 1963 and started his career as a member of faculty at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He stayed at the institution for quarter of a century until 1988 during which period he headed the Department of Chemistry from 1966 to 1969, succeeding [[C. N. R. Rao]].<ref name="Past and present Heads of the Department">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/chm/history |title=Past and present Heads of the Department |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur}}</ref> Returning to his home state of Kerala in 1988, he joined the Regional Research Laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (present-day [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]]) as an emeritus professor and served the institution until his superannuation from service. In between, he had various stints at the [[University of Notre Dame]] as a visiting professor during 1978–2001.<ref name="Indian fellow - Manapurathu Verghese George" />

== Legacy ==
The main focus of George's research was centered on the mechanical implications of the thermal and photochemical organic reactions.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | accessdate=5 October 2016 | pages=34 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> His studies covered different areas of [[organometallic chemistry]] and he worked on [[electron transfer]] processes, [[organic reaction]]s and [[functional group]] transformations. Thus he studied the organic reactions and functional group transformations, heterohexa-1, 3, 5-triene systems with regard to its [[electrocyclic reaction]]s and the synthetic utility and [[phototransformation]]s of dibenzobarrelenes. He also studied the [[picosecond]] laser [[flash photolysis]] techniques and the transient intermediates involved in photoreactions.<ref name="Indian fellow - Manapurathu Verghese George" /> He was noted for the original approach in his studies of [[Heteroaromatic compound|hetero-aromatic]] systems.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners" />

George published his research through over 200 articles in peer-reviewed journals<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/George=3AManapurathu_Verghese=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and guided a number of doctoral and post-doctoral scholars in their researches. He has contributed chapters to the ''Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'',<ref name="List of Books (authored or edited)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/cnrrao/publications.html |title=List of Books (authored or edited) |date=2016 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research}}</ref> edited by [[C. N. R. Rao]]<ref name="Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">{{Cite book |last1=M. V. |first1=George |title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold Inc |year=1971 |isbn=978-0442068202 |editor-last=Rao |editor-first=C. N. R. |page=367}}</ref> and his works have been cited by various authors in their publications.<ref name="Bryce-SmithGilbert1993">{{cite book|author1=D. Bryce-Smith|author2=A. Gilbert|title=Photochemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lP80kJogAVIC&pg=PA173|year=1993|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=978-0-85186-225-5|pages=173–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations Vol. 18: Four Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kh-GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA307|date=14 May 2014|publisher=Georg Thieme Verlag|isbn=978-3-13-171911-9|pages=307–}}</ref> He pioneered photochemistry research at the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology and established the Photochemistry Research Unit at the institution.<ref name="History" /> He was a collaborator of C. N. R. Rao in popularizing science education at academic levels and is associated, as the executive director, with the ''Foundation for Capacity Building in Science (FCBS)'' initiative which promotes science education among Indian students through seminars and workshops.<ref name="Executive Director">{{Cite web |url=http://fcbs.org.in/about-us/trustees/ |title=Executive Director |date=2016 |publisher=Foundation for Capacity Building in Science |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132204/http://fcbs.org.in/about-us/trustees/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also served as a member of the council of the Indian National Science Academy from 1989 to 1991.<ref name="Indian fellow - Manapurathu Verghese George" />

== Awards and honors ==
The Indian Academy of Sciences elected George as a fellow in 1973 before he became an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 1975.<ref name="Fellow profile" /> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1973.<ref name="Chemical Sciences">{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES.htm |title=Chemical Sciences |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |date=2016 |accessdate=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912012851/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=12 September 2012 }}</ref> He received the [[C. V. Raman]] Award in 1985 and the Professor [[T. R. Seshadri]] 70th Birthday Commemoration Medal of the Indian National Science Academy in 1990.<ref name="Professor T. R. Seshadri 70th Birthday Commemoration Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#ptr |title=Professor T. R. Seshadri 70th Birthday Commemoration Medal |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233840/http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#ptr |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[The World Academy of Sciences]] awarded him the [[TWAS Prize]] in 1992<ref name="TWAS Award" /> and two years later, elected him as their fellow.<ref name="TWAS fellow" /> He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the [[Chemical Research Society of India]] and a life member of the society.<ref name="Chemical Research Society of India Life Member">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Chemical Research Society of India Life Member |url=https://crsi-india.org/life-members/ |publisher=Chemical Research Society of India}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Books ===
* {{Cite book |title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |last1=M. V. |first1=George |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold Inc |year=1971 |isbn=978-0442068202 |editor-last=Rao |editor-first=C. N. R. |page=367}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |author1=M. V. George |author2=Abijit Mitra |author3=Kutikat B. Sukumaran |title=Thermal and Photochemical Transformations of Hetero-1,3,5-hexatrienes into Five-Membered Rings—Possible Pericyclic Reactions |journal=[[Angewandte Chemie]] |date=December 1980 |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=973–983 |doi=10.1002/anie.198009731}}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Suresh Das |author2=Kakkudiyil George Thomas |author3=Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh |author4=Prashant V Kamat |author5=B De La Barre |author6=Manapurathu Verghese George |title=Photophysics and Photochemistry of Squaraine Dyes 3 Excited State Properties and Poly 4 Vinylpyridine induced Fluorescence Enhancement of Bis 2 4 6 Trihydroxyphenyl Squaraine |journal=[[The Journal of Physical Chemistry A|Journal of Physical Chemistry]] |date=1992 |volume=96 |issue=25 |pages=10327–10330 |doi=10.1021/j100204a042}}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Suresh Das |author2=J S Dileep Kumar |author3=Kakkudiyil George Thomas |author4=K Shivaramayya |author5=Manapurathu Verghese George |title=Photocatalyzed Multiple Additions of Amines To Alpha Beta Unsaturated Esters and Nitriles Erratum To Document Cited in Ca120 298026 |journal=[[The Journal of Organic Chemistry]] |date=1995 |volume=60 |issue=15 |pages=4958 |doi=10.1021/jo00120a054}}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Danaboyina Ramaiah |author2=Abraham Joy |author3=Nese Chandrasekhar |author4=Nadukkudy V Eldho |author5=Suresh Das |author6=Manapurathu Verghese George |title=Halogenated Squaraine Dyes As Potential Photochemotherapeutic Agents. Synthesis And Study Of Photophysical Properties And Quantum Efficiencies Of Singlet Oxygen Generation |journal=[[Photochemistry and Photobiology]] |date=May 1997 |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=783–790 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01925.x |s2cid=96283947}}
* {{Cite journal |last=[[K. George Thomas|Kakkudiyil George Thomas]], V M Biju, Dirk M Guldi, Prashant V Kamat, Manapurathu Verghese George |title=Photoinduced Charge Separation and Stabilization in Clusters of A Fullerene Aniline Dyad |journal=[[Journal of Physical Chemistry B]] |date=1999 |volume=103 |issue=42 |pages=8864–8869 |doi=10.1021/jp9915679}}
* {{Cite journal |author1=V M Biju |author2=Pallikkara K Sudeep |author3=Kakkudiyil George Thomas |author4=Manapurathu Verghese George |author5=Said Barazzouk |author6=Prashant V Kamat |title=Clusters of Bis and Tris Fullerenes |journal=[[Langmuir (journal)|Langmuir]] |date=2002 |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=1831–1839 |doi=10.1021/la011285b}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Manappurathu V. George |title=Contributions in organic functional group transformations and photochemical and photophysical studies of selective organic substrates |journal=Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. |date=August 2003 |volume=115 |issue=4 |pages=225–239 |doi=10.1007/BF02704214 |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Cherumuttathu H Suresh |author2=Danaboyina Ramaiah |author3=Manapurathu Verghese George |title=Rearrangement of 1 3 Dipolar Cycloadducts Derived From Bis Phenylazo Stilbene A Dft Level Mechanistic investigation |journal=Journal of Organic Chemistry |date=2007 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=367–375 |doi=10.1021/jo061707s|pmid=17221951 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Henry Gilman]]
* [[Melvin Spencer Newman]]
* [[Derek Barton]]
* [[Rolf Huisgen]]
* [[C. N. R. Rao]]
* [[K. George Thomas]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Chemistry}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://acemap.sjtu.edu.cn/author/page?AuthorID=83CB4DB4 |title=Manapurathu Verghese George on Ace Map |date=2016 |publisher=Ace Map}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Manapurathu Verghese}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian organic chemists]]
[[Category:Photochemists]]
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kanpur]]
[[Category:University of Notre Dame faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:TWAS laureates]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]

Alisshaa Ohri

2026-02-05T04:11:21Z

Basavaraj: new some bio needs work!

{{short description|Indian model and Artist}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Alissha Ohri 1.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Alissha in 2022
| name = Alisshaa Ohri
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|06|11|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| spouse = Dhruvv Ohri
| children = Ammira Ohri, Hrehaan Ohri
| parents = Madan Gopal Bathla and Late Mrs Jyoti Bathla
| occupation = {{Hlist|Model|Artist}}
| alma_mater = [[Pearl Academy]]
| title = {{Hlist|[[Mrs. Universe]] Popularity 2022|Mrs. India Legacy 2021}}
|other_names = Alisha Ohri
| years_active = 2021–present
}}
'''Alisshaa Ohri''' (born June 11, 1986) is an Indian [[Model (person)|model]] working as an entrepreneur and makeup artist by profession, who won the title of Mrs. India Legacy at the Diadem Mrs. India Legacy pageant in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners 2021|url=https://mrsindialegacy.com/winners|website=mrsindialegacy.com}}</ref> Alisshaa also represented India at Mrs. Universe 2022 pageant in Bulgaria, where she won the title of Mrs. Popular 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2023 |title=Mrs Universe 2022-23: India's Alisshaa Ohri Transforms Herself Into Embodiment Of Shakti, wins Mrs Popular 2022 |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/mrs-universe-20222023-indias-alisshaa-ohri-transforms-herself-into-embodiment-of-shakti-at-international-platform-wins-mrs-popular2022-10063808 |work=[[Jagran Prakashan|English Jagran]]}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
Alisshaa Ohri was born on 11 June 1986 to Madan Gopal Bathla and Mrs Jyoti Bathla. She completed her graduation in Philosophy Honors from Miranda House Delhi, and a Diploma in Fashion and Media Makeup from Pearl Academy of Fashion, Delhi. She married businessman Dhruvv Ohri.<ref>{{cite web|title=All you need to know about Alisshaa Ohri, who is representing India at Mrs.Universe 2022|url=https://english.webdunia.com/article/web-viral/all-you-need-to-know-about-alisshaa-ohri-who-is-representing-india-at-mrs-universe-2022-123020200015_1.html|date=2 February 2023|website=webdunia.com}}</ref> After her marriage, she chose and found her passion to compete in a beauty pageant.<ref>{{cite news|title=बचपन में मां को खोया, 21 की उम्र में हुई शादी, दो बच्चों की हैं मां, कौन हैं अलीशा ओहरी? - Alisshaa ohri mother of two kids represent india in mrs universe 2022 know her struggle tmovk|url=https://www.aajtak.in/visualstories/entertainment/alisshaa-ohri-mother-of-two-kids-represent-india-in-mrs-universe-2022-know-her-struggle-tmovk-20641-03-02-2023|date=3 February 2023|work=[[Aajtak.com|AajTak]]}}</ref>
==Pageantry==
=== Mrs. India Legacy 2021 ===
Mrs. India Legacy is a beauty pageant in India exclusively for married women over 30. Alisshaa Ohri began her pageantry career in 2021 and bagged the title of Diadem Mrs. India Legacy 2021-22.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mrs. India Legacy 2021-22: Alisshaa Ohri, The Raving Beauty!|url=https://www.womansera.com/mrs-india-legacy-2021-22-alisshaa-ohri-the-raving-beauty/|website=www.[[womansera.com]]}}</ref>
=== Mrs Universe 2022 ===
Alisshaa Ohri represented India in 45th Mrs. Universe 2022 in the year 2023 held in Sofia, Bulgaria.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mrs universe 2022 alisha ohri looking powerful in shakti look model family india unknown facts tmovb|url=https://www.aajtak.in/visualstories/entertainment/mrs-universe-2022-alisha-ohri-looking-powerful-in-shakti-look-model-family-india-unknown-facts-tmovb-20860-04-02-2023|date=4 February 2023|work=[[Aaj Tak|AajTak]]}}</ref> Alissha won the title of Mrs. Popular 2022 at the 45th Mrs. Universe 2022.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mrs Universe 2022-2023: India's Alisshaa Ohri Transforms Herself Into 'Embodiment Of Shakti', Wins Mrs. Popular 2022|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/mrs-universe-20222023-indias-alisshaa-ohri-transforms-herself-into-embodiment-of-shakti-at-international-platform-wins-mrs-popular2022-10063808|date=4 February 2023|work=[[Jagran Prakashan|Jagran]]}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohri, Alisshaa}}
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Miss Universe 2022 contestants]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from India]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

Sathyaraj

2026-02-04T16:51:44Z

Basavaraj: quick update

{{short description|Indian actor, film producer and media personality (born 1954)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sathyaraj
| image = Sathiyaraj.JPG
| caption = Sathiyaraj at a press meeting in 2007
| birth_name = Rangaraj Subbiah
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|10|3|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandhu |date=3 October 2015 |title=Happy Birthday Sathyaraj |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/actor-sathyaraj-turns-61.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004092003/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/actor-sathyaraj-turns-61.html |archive-date=4 October 2015 |access-date=4 October 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Gandhipuram]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Madras State]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Film producer]]|[[Film director]]|[[Celebrity|Media personality]]}}
| children = {{ubl|[[Divya Sathyaraj|Divya]]|[[Sibi Sathyaraj|Sibiraj]]}}
| yearsactive = 1978–present
| works = [[Sathyaraj filmography|Full list]]
| organisation =
| spouse = {{marriage|Maheshwari|1979}}
}}

'''Rangaraj Subbiah''' (born 3 October 1954), known professionally as '''Sathyaraj''', is an Indian actor, film producer and media personality who appears predominantly in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. He also appears in works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]]. He has acted in more than 260 films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2023/Apr/30/sathyarajyou-dont-do-250-films-by-only-choosing-stories-you-agree-with-42881.html|title = Sathyaraj: You don't do 250 films by only choosing stories you agree with | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=30 April 2023 }}</ref> He is a recipient of three [[Filmfare Award South]] and three [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]].

He started his career in antagonistic roles and later played lead roles. He met with success through lead performances in ''[[Vedham Pudhithu]]'' (1987), ''[[Nadigan]]'' (1990), {{Lang|ta-latn|[[Amaidhipadai]]}} (1994), ''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]'' (2007) and ''[[Onbadhu Roobai Nottu]]'' (2007). He also received acclaim for supporting roles in ''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]'' (2012), ''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]'' (2013), ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning|Baahubali]]'' (2015), ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|Baahubali 2]]'' (2017) and ''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]'' (2018). He was also the director of the film ''[[Villadhi Villain]]'' (1995), starring himself in three different roles.

In 2011, he had a brief career as a television host for the game show ''Home Sweet Home'' on [[STAR Vijay]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sathyaraj to host a game show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Sathyaraj-to-host-a-game-show/articleshow/7627011.cms |url-status=live |access-date=29 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-05/news-interviews/28658216_1_game-show-sathyaraj-host |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> He has also served as a [[brand ambassador]] for [[Pothys]], Susi Emu farms,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2012/aug/08/actors-in-soup-for-emu-farm-advertisement-394916.html |title=Actors in soup for Emu farm advertisement |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=8 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2022 |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411053142/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2012/aug/08/actors-in-soup-for-emu-farm-advertisement-394916.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Kumaran jewellery Shop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathyaraj does a commercial |website=[[Sify]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sathyaraj-does-a-commercial-news-tamil-kkfsezhcjfe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318055323/http://www.sify.com/movies/sathyaraj-does-a-commercial-news-tamil-kkfsezhcjfe.html |archive-date=18 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sathyaraj was born as Rangaraj on 3 October 1954 to Subbiah, a doctor, and Nathambal, with two younger sisters, namely Kalpana and Roopa Senapathy.<ref name="dinakaran" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sunil |first=K. P. |date=29 November 1987 |title=The Anti-Hero |url=https://ibb.co/426dJsW |url-status=usurped |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |volume=108 |pages=40–41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303083322/https://ibb.co/426dJsW |archive-date=3 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> He is an ardent fan of [[M. G. Ramachandran]]<ref name=vv /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Face to Face with Satyaraj |url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/satayaraj.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128065007/http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/satayaraj.asp |archive-date=28 January 2010 |access-date=15 May 2011 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> and Hindi actor [[Rajesh Khanna]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellalar Gounder]] community. Sathyaraj completed his primary school education in St Mary's Convent school, [[Coimbatore]] and later studied for tenth standard from Suburban High School, Ramnagar, Coimbatore. He went to [[Government Arts College, Coimbatore]], for a Bachelor of Science degree in [[botany]].<ref name="thehindu1">{{Cite news |last=Subha J Rao |date=4 May 2013 |title=Many shades of grey |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/many-shades-of-grey/article4683478.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911090548/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/many-shades-of-grey/article4683478.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="cinema.maalaimalar.com">{{Cite web |title=75 படங்களில் வில்லனாக நடித்தபின் கதாநாயகனாக உயர்ந்த சத்யராஜ்: மாறுபட்ட வேடங்களில் நடித்து சாதனை |trans-title=Sathyaraj played the role of a hero after playing antagonist roles in 75 films: Acted in different characters |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/20230037/satyaraj-villian-75-movies-cin.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723232503/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/20230037/satyaraj-villian-75-movies-cin.html |archive-date=23 July 2013 |website=Maalai Malar}}</ref><ref name="dinakaran">{{Cite web |title=Cine Biography: Satyaraj (Part-1) |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinebio/08-08-00/sathyara.htm |date=8 August 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001207123300/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinebio/08-08-00/sathyara.htm |archive-date=7 December 2000 |access-date=14 February 2014 |website=dinakaran.com}}</ref>

Sathyaraj's dream was to become an actor, but his mother was against it and forbid him to join cinema. In 1976, in spite of his mother's opposition, he left Coimbatore to enter the Tamil film industry based in Kodambakkam, Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2009 |title=Sathyaraj: I'm like the kid in TZP |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-20/news-interviews/28027004_1_malayalam-film-telugu-film-film-festival |url-status=dead |access-date=27 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021505/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-20/news-interviews/28027004_1_malayalam-film-telugu-film-film-festival |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>

Sathyaraj entered the film industry after witnessing the shooting of the film ''[[Annakili]]'', where he met actor [[Sivakumar]] and producer Thiruppur Manian and started pestering them to help him fulfill his cinematic ambitions.<ref name="cinema.maalaimalar.com" /> Sivakumar vehemently criticized his interest in acting and advised him to immediately return home. Nevertheless, he remained in Chennai. Producer Maathampatty Sivakumar supported him with sending money every month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathyaraj – Profiles of Cine Artist |url=http://profiles.lakshmansruthi.com/index1.php?uid=205 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011202503/http://profiles.lakshmansruthi.com/index1.php?uid=205 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=Lakshmansruthi.com}}</ref> He joined the drama troupe of Komal Swamynathan. Sathyaraj's first film in a credited role as an actor was ''[[Sattam En Kaiyil]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=கமல் நடித்த சட்டம் என் கையில்: வில்லனாக சத்யராஜ் அறிமுகம் |trans-title=Sathyaraj introduced as villain in Kamal starrer Sattam En Kaiyil |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/22232237/kamal-movie-satyaraj-villan-ro.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725033320/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/22232237/kamal-movie-satyaraj-villan-ro.html |archive-date=25 July 2013 |website=Maalaimalar}}</ref> in 1978, where he played a henchman to the main villain played by [[Thengai Srinivasan]] in the film. Later, he worked as production manager for the film ''[[Kannan Oru Kaikkuzhanthai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=சத்யராஜ் சினிமா தயாரிப்பு நிர்வாகி ஆனார் |trans-title=Sathyaraj became production manager |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/21231039/Sathyaraj-cinema-became-produc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725042852/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/21231039/Sathyaraj-cinema-became-produc.html |archive-date=25 July 2013 |website=Maalaimalar}}</ref><ref name="dinakaran"/>

In addition to his managerial role, he also had a small acting part in the film. His first film as the leading hero in Tamil was ''[[Saavi (film)|Saavi]]'' in 1985, which was a box office success. He acted in about 75 films from 1978 to 1985, most of which featured Sathyaraj in antagonist roles.<ref name="vv">{{Cite news |date=11 August 2000 |title=Serene ride to success |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/08/11/stories/09110226.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=24 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152650/http://www.hindu.com/2000/08/11/stories/09110226.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=நடிகர் சத்யராஜ் கமலஹாசனுடன் இணைந்து நடித்த 'காக்கிச்சட்டை' {{!}} actor Sathyaraj and kamal hassan kakki chattai film |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/25225338/actor-sathyaraj-and-kamal-hass.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730082659/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/25225338/actor-sathyaraj-and-kamal-hass.html |archive-date=30 July 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== 1978–1985: Early career ===
In his early career (between 1978 and 1982), Sathyaraj often played antagonistic roles, typically as a henchman to main villains like [[M. N. Nambiar]]. His roles were minor, with leading actors such as [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Rajinikanth]], and [[Vijayakanth]] dominating the screen.

Sathyaraj's breakthrough came when his college friend, [[Manivannan]], directed him in the Tamil film ''[[Nooravathu Naal]]'' (1984), where he had a supporting role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=மொட்டைத் தலையுடன் சத்யராஜ் நடித்த 'நூறாவது நாள்' மகத்தான வெற்றி {{!}} sathyaraj acted nooravathu nal cinema history |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/24233643/satyaraj-acted-nooravathu-nal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730052517/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/24233643/satyaraj-acted-nooravathu-nal.html |archive-date=30 July 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref> Manivannan went on to cast Sathyaraj in two other films that same year --''[[24 Mani Neram]]'' and ''[[January 1]]''—where he was the main villain.<ref name="behindwoods1">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2009 |title=Actor Sathyaraj – Interview – Behindwoods.com – Tamil Movie Actor Interviews – Pettai Mudhal Kottai Varai Sanghamithra Onbadhu Roobai Notu Periyaar |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/actor/sathyaraj.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102013203/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/actor/sathyaraj.html |archive-date=2 January 2015 |access-date=27 November 2013 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref>

His performances were widely noticed, earning him recognition among Tamil audiences. He further solidified his reputation in ''[[Kakki Sattai]]'' (1985), where he was again the principal antagonist.<ref name="behindwoods1" />

1985 also marked a turning point in Sathyaraj's career. His first lead role came with ''[[Saavi]]'' (1985), a Tamil-language crime thriller written and directed by Karthik Raghunath. ''Saavi'' was significant as it marked Sathyaraj's debut as a protagonist, albeit in a character with negative shades.

=== 1986–1989: Lead roles ===
In ''[[Rasigan Oru Rasigai]]'' (1986), directed by Balu Anand, Sathyaraj made his debut as a hero with Ambika as his heroine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2017 |title=HBD Sathyaraj – The towering versatile star |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-sathyaraj-special-article-tamil-news-197278 |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=IndiaGlitz |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008091429/http://www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-sathyaraj-special-article-tamil-news-197278 |url-status=live}}</ref> Next, in ''[[Kadalora Kavithaigal]]'' (1986), as Chinnappa Das, he played the lead romantic role<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2019 |title="நடிப்பும் நக்கலும்" : நடிகர் சத்யராஜ் பிறந்ததின சிறப்புப் பகிர்வு! |url=https://www.kalaignarseithigal.com/cinema/2019/10/03/actor-sathyaraj-birthday-special-article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911104319/https://www.kalaignarseithigal.com/cinema/2019/10/03/actor-sathyaraj-birthday-special-article |archive-date=11 September 2021 |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=Kalaignar Seithigal |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=பாரதிராஜா படங்களில் சத்யராஜ்: 'கடலோரக் கவிதைகள்' மூலம் கதாநாயகன் ஆனார் {{!}} bharathiraja film satyaraj acted cinema history |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/26230526/bharathiraja-film-satyaraj-act.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729085641/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/26230526/bharathiraja-film-satyaraj-act.html |archive-date=29 July 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=கதாநாயகனாக சத்யராஜ் நடித்த 'கடலோரக் கவிதைகள்' மகத்தான வெற்றி {{!}} hero role satyaraj acted kadalora kavithai |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/27231922/hero-role-satyaraj-acted-kadal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729153424/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/27231922/hero-role-satyaraj-acted-kadal.html |archive-date=29 July 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref> and ''Behindwoods'' said: "Sathyaraj broke his image of an action hero and came up with a rollicking performance. He is the real star of the film."<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/features/classicalmovie/Kadalorakkavithaigal/tamil-cinema-classicmovies-Kadalorakkavithaigal.html Classical Movie : Bharathiraja's 'Kadalorakkavithaigal' Kadalorakkavithaigal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927164218/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/classicalmovie/Kadalorakkavithaigal/tamil-cinema-classicmovies-Kadalorakkavithaigal.html |date=27 September 2013 }}. Behindwoods.com.</ref> He received appreciation for playing his role in ''[[Mr. Bharath]]'' (1986), which revolved around the conflict between father, played by Sathyaraj and son ([[Rajinikanth]]). Sathyaraj acted as Rajinikanth's father in the film, though he was in fact 4 years younger than Rajinikanth.<ref name="behindwoods1" /> [[Manivannan]], being friends with Sathyaraj, kept casting him in roles in his directorial ventures, regularly showcasing different emotions from Sathyaraj in films such as ''[[Muthal Vasantham]]'', ''[[Palaivana Rojakkal]]'' and ''[[Vidinja Kalyanam]]''.

After ''Kadalora Kavithaigal'', Sathyaraj had box office hits as the lead hero between 1986 and 1988 such as ''[[Manthira Punnagai (1986 film)|''Manthira Punnagai'']]'', ''[[Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu]]'',<ref>[http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=kadamai%20kanniyam%20kattuppadu Cinesouth entry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927175655/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=kadamai%20kanniyam%20kattuppadu |date=27 September 2013 }}. Cinesouth.com.</ref> ''[[Poovizhi Vasalile]]'', ''[[Makkal En Pakkam]]'' (in which he had dual roles), ''[[Annanagar Mudhal Theru]]'', ''[[En Bommukutty Ammavukku]]'' and ''[[Chinnappadass]]''. Manivanan from 1987 onward started casting Sathyaraj in positive roles and their combination had box office hits like ''[[Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi]]'', ''[[Jallikattu (1987 film)|Jallikattu]]'', ''[[Ganam Courtar Avargale]]'' and ''Chinnappadas'' in this period. Sathyaraj received the Best Tamil Actor award in Filmfare Awards South for his performance in ''[[Vedham Pudhithu]]'' (1987).

Sathyaraj had established himself as a leading actor and in ''Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi'', in which [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] and Sathyaraj were cast in the starring role, Prabhu's character played second fiddle to Sathyaraj's character. He played a bespectacled leading man in the commercially successful ''Ganam Courtaar Avargaley'' His 99th film was ''[[Dravidan (1989 film)|Dravidan]]'' and his 100th film was ''[[Vaathiyaar Veettu Pillai]]'' but the latter fared better at the box office.

=== 1990–1999: Breakthrough===
In the 90s, he attempted more films of comedy and action genres and occasionally did romantic films. He had few unsuccessful films such as ''[[Madurai Veeran Enga Saami]]'', ''[[Magudam]] and'' ''[[Pangali]]'' in this period as he became selective of choosing his roles as main lead hero. Many of them were commercially successful, such as ''[[Velai Kidaichuduchu]]'', ''[[Nadigan]]'', ''[[Pudhu Manithan]]'', ''[[Rickshaw Mama]]'', ''[[Walter Vetrivel]]'', ''[[Udan Pirappu]]'', ''[[Thai Maaman]]'' and ''[[Bramma]]''. Sathyaraj played a dual role as father and son in the box office hit ''[[Amaithipadai]]'', which is considered among his best performances. With regard to the film, he has stated: "I have no words for that film, as it took me to the next level as an actor".<ref name="deccanchronicle1">{{Cite news |date=19 October 2013 |title=Sathyaraj: I consider all vibrant, young directors my seniors |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131019/entertainment-kollywood/article/sathyaraj-i-consider-all-vibrant-young-directors-my-seniors |url-status=dead |access-date=27 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020241/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131019/entertainment-kollywood/article/sathyaraj-i-consider-all-vibrant-young-directors-my-seniors |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> He also said that he almost did not sign up for the film as it was an antagonist character and he had moved away from antagonist roles and "gained some respectability" with films such as ''Poovizhi Vaasalile'', ''Vedham Pudhidhu'' and ''Walter Vetrivel''.<ref name="thehindu1" /> After ''Thai Maaman'' became successful in 1994, the same team of Sathyaraj and director Guru Dhanapal decided to do their next venture ''Maaman Magal'' in 1995, which was also a moderate hit. He acted, produced and directed in his 125th film ''[[Villadhi Villain]]'', which had him in three distinct roles and it was a successful project.<ref name="vv" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=31 December 2000 |title=Hit parade from a favourite |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/31/stories/0431401c.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=24 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928044039/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/31/stories/0431401c.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref>

His pairing opposite actress [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] and [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] became popular in this decade. The box office hits of the pair Kushboo-Sathyaraj include ''Nadigan'', ''[[Bramma]]'', ''Rickshaw Mama'', ''[[Kalyana Galatta]]'', ''[[Suyamvaram]]'' and ''[[Malabar Police]]''. The on-screen pair of Sathyaraj-[[Meena (actress)|Meena]] together had average grossers such as ''Thai Maaman'', ''[[Maaman Magal (1995 film)|Maaman Magal]]'' and ''[[Vallal]]''. His chemistry with actors [[Goundamani]] and [[Senthil]] has been well received and appreciated by the public and hence they have appeared in many movies together from ''[[Vaazhkai Chakkaram]]'' in 1990.

=== 2000–2009: Comedy and character roles ===

The year 2000 proved to be unsuccessful for Sathyaraj. 4 films between 2000 and 2001 ''[[Veeranadai]]'', ''[[Puratchikkaaran]]'', ''[[Aandan Adimai]]'' and the comedy film ''[[Looty]]'' were failures while his commercially successful films were [[Sundar C]]'s ''[[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]'', [[P. Vasu]]'s comedy film ''[[Asathal]]'' and [[Suraj (director)|Suraj]]'s ''[[Kunguma Pottu Gounder]]''. As many new young actors such as [[Ajith Kumar]], [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and [[Prashanth]] who debuted in the 1990s had established themselves successfully by 2000, and others such as [[R. Madhavan]], [[Jiiva]] and [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] made their mark in the mid-2000s and also since Sathyaraj had been using wigs since 1985 in films as he had begun losing hair since then, critics felt Sathyaraj's career as solo lead actor may end by 2000.

Sathyaraj re-invented himself as a romantic hero with the 2002 film ''[[Vivaramana Aalu]]'', as a hero ''[[Maaran (2002 film)|Maaran]]'' and with his performance in the comedy film ''[[Aalukkoru Aasai]]'' in 2003. Sathyaraj and director [[Sakthi Chidambaram]]'s combination gave 3 consecutive films, ''[[Ennamma Kannu]]'', ''[[Maha Nadigan]]'' and ''[[Englishkaran]]''. His 2004 film ''[[Sema Ragalai]]'' opposite [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] was a hit at box office.

Few films like ''[[Ramachandra (film)|Ramachandra]]'',<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/31/stories/2003013101060202.htm "Ramachandra"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225061201/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/31/stories/2003013101060202.htm |date=25 December 2012 }}. The Hindu (31 January 2003).</ref> ''[[Sena (film)|Sena]]'' and ''[[Azhagesan]]''<ref>[http://movies.bizhat.com/review_alagesan.php BizHat.com – Alagesan Review. Satyaraj, Prema, Ramraj, Manorama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082106/http://movies.bizhat.com/review_alagesan.php |date=27 September 2013 }}. Movies.bizhat.com.</ref> received negative reviews in this decade. He co-starred with his son [[Sibiraj]] for the first time in ''[[Jore (film)|Jore]]'' which was average. Bizhat described "It's interesting to watch the father – son combination together in ''Jore''.<ref>[http://movies.bizhat.com/review_jore.php BizHat.com – Jore Review. Satyaraj, Sibi Raj, Gajala, Koti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082104/http://movies.bizhat.com/review_jore.php |date=27 September 2013 }}. Movies.bizhat.com.</ref> Sathyaraj then acted with his son in 3 more films ''[[Mannin Maindhan]]'' (2005), ''[[Vetrivel Sakthivel]]'' (2006) and ''[[Kovai Brothers]]'' (2006), in which the two were seen as brothers and these were commercially successful. In 2007, he produced a Tamil film ''[[Lee (2007 film)|Lee]]'', starring his son .<ref>[http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3359/tamil/lee/1065/review.htm Lee Review – Tamil Movie Review by PVS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928022439/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3359/tamil/lee/1065/review.htm |date=28 September 2013 }}. Nowrunning.com (20 February 2007).</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathyaraj to produce 'Lee' with son Sibi as hero |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=7572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032713/http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=7572 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref>

Other Films in the 2000s with Sathyaraj in the lead role that fared well at the box office were ''[[6'2]]'', ''[[Vanakkam Thalaiva]]'', ''[[Kurukshetram (2006 film)|Kurukshetram]]'', ''[[Adavadi]]'', ''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]'' and ''[[Thangam]]''. He received the [[Vijay Award for Best Actor]] for ''[[Onbadhu Roobai Nottu]]'' in 2007 and was also nominated for his performance in ''Periyar'' in the same year, in which he portrayed the life of social reformer and rationalist [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]. About the role he said, "I myself being a rationalist, I found it easy to portray his character on screen. His principles and ideologies, like fighting for women's liberation and untouchability, have influenced me to a great extent".<ref name="deccanchronicle1" /> Sathyaraj has played the protagonist father in the Telugu film ''[[Sankham]]'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/trisha-sathyaraj-in-sivappusamy-telugu-news-53719|title = Trisha, Sathyaraj in Sivappusamy
}}</ref>

=== 2010–present: Supporting and matured roles ===
[[File:Sathyaraj filming Bahubali the Conclusion (cropped).jpg|thumb|150px|Sathyaraj portraying his role [[Kattappa]] on the sets of ''[[Baahubali: The Conclusion]]'' (2017)]]
In the early 2010's, he accepted supporting roles in films such as ''[[Aagathan]]'', ''[[Guru Sishyan (2010 film)|Guru Sishyan]]'', ''[[Aayiram Vilakku]]'', ''[[Uchithanai Muharnthaal]]'', ''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]'', ''[[Thalaivaa]]'' and ''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]''. In ''Nanban'', he played a college professor and won the Best Supporting Actor awards at the Filmfare, Vijay and SIIMA ceremonies, while in ''Thalaivaa'', ''Raja Rani'', ''[[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]]'' (Telugu) and ''[[Chennai Express]]'' (Hindi) he played father characters.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2013 |title=Meet Tamil cinema's "family" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Meet-Tamil-cinemas-family/articleshow/23866712.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-10/news-interviews/42899274_1_roles-thalaivaa-raja-rani |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> Sathyaraj and Manivannan worked together for the last time in ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'', which was Manivannan's 50th and last directorial venture before his death. A sequel to ''Amaidhipadai'', it was also the 200th film of Sathyaraj and became a box office bomb.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2013 |title='Nagaraja Cholan MA., MLA's Triple treat |url=http://www.4tamilmedia.tv/news-review/751-nagaraja-cholan-ma-mla-s-triple-treat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606053824/http://www.4tamilmedia.tv/news-review/751-nagaraja-cholan-ma-mla-s-triple-treat |archive-date=6 June 2013 |website=4tamilmedia.tv}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/nagaraja-cholan-ma-mla-the-partys-over/article4705969.ece Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA: The party's over] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607111131/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/nagaraja-cholan-ma-mla-the-partys-over/article4705969.ece |date=7 June 2013 }}. The Hindu (11 May 2013).</ref>

He also entered Malayalam cinema with ''[[Aagathan]]'' in 2009. He played the role of Kattappa in the ''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]'' (2015{{endash}}2017) duology.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2017 |title=Baahubali 2 – the Conclusion movie review: Fantastic visuals power Rajamouli's film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/baahubali-2-the-conclusion-movie-review-prabhas-anushka-shetty-impress-in-ss-rajamouli-s-film/story-FQ6O18Syd5uGcABCIUjf9L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324140844/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/baahubali-2-the-conclusion-movie-review-prabhas-anushka-shetty-impress-in-ss-rajamouli-s-film/story-FQ6O18Syd5uGcABCIUjf9L.html |archive-date=24 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>

In 2015, at the age of 60, the media and public at large rechristened him as Kattappa, as he received nationwide popularity for his role in India's biggest motion picture ''Baahubali: The Beginning''. Since the time he made his debut as junior artiste at 24 years of age, he had been wanting to do a historical or a folklore film and it was his long cherished dream. He quoted in an interview in 2015: "I am a great fan of [[M. G. Ramachandran|M.G.R]] who is popular in folklore films, like [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]] in Telugu movies. My dream of doing a folklore at 24 has been realised at 60 through [[S. S. Rajamouli|Rajamouli]]. I played [[Rajinikanth]]'s father when I was 31 and Rajini was 35, so I never cared for age..it never mattered to me."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=16 July 2015 |title=Playing a dream role |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/playing-a-dream-role/article7430280.ece |access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

He acted as lead role in the film ''[[Oru Naal Iravil]]'' (2015). A faithful remake of much acclaimed Malayalam movie, ''[[Shutter (2012 film)|Shutter]]'' has been helmed by editor turned director, [[Anthony (film editor)|Antony]] with great integrity. Sathyaraj as the middle aged man brings so much life to his character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review : Oru Naal Iravil (2015) |website=[[Sify]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/oru-naal-iravil-review-tamil-pluthhaiddjeh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324140846/http://www.sify.com/movies/oru-naal-iravil-review-tamil-pluthhaiddjeh.html |archive-date=24 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> In 2016, he acted with his son [[Sibiraj]] in ''[[Jackson Durai]]'', another addition to the popular "Horror-comedy genre".<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2016 |title=Jackson Durai (Aka) Jackson Durai review |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/jackson-durai/jackson-durai-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320081601/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/jackson-durai/jackson-durai-review.html |archive-date=20 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> He played the role of DC Ratnavel "Randy", a Police officer in the film ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]'' (2017) directed by [[Atlee Kumar|Atlee]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2018 |title=Sathyaraj talks about his less screentime in Vijay's Mersal |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sathyaraj-talks-about-his-less-screentime-in-vijays-mersal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324140841/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sathyaraj-talks-about-his-less-screentime-in-vijays-mersal.html |archive-date=24 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref> Sathyaraj won the Best Supporting Actor – Tamil for the movie ''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]'' (2018). The following year, he subsequently starred in films like ''[[Jersey (2019 film)|Jersey]]'', ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]'' and ''[[Thambi (2019 film)|Thambi]]''.

In 2021, he appears in ''[[Tughlaq Durbar]]'', inspired by [[Manivannan]]'s political satire {{Lang|ta-latn|[[Amaidhi Padai]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/tughlaq-durbar-a-fairly-engaging-political-satire-review-tamil-vjnfb9hiejbih.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914020138/https://www.sify.com/movies/tughlaq-durbar-a-fairly-engaging-political-satire-review-tamil-vjnfb9hiejbih.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 September 2021 |title=Tughlaq Durbar-A fairly engaging political satire |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Then [[Ponram]]'s, ''[[MGR Magan]]'' which has Sathyaraj and [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]] starring.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Chennaivision |url=https://chennaivision.com/mgr-magan-release-date-announced/ |title=MGR Magan release date announced |work=Tamil News | Online Tamilnadu News | Tamil Cinema News | Chennai News | Chennai Power shutdown Today | Chennai Vision |date=21 October 2021 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120161642/https://chennaivision.com/mgr-magan-release-date-announced/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In ''[[Theerpugal Virkapadum]]'', he plays the role of a dad who seeks revenge for the injustice meted out to his daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/theerpugal-virkapadum/theerpugal-virkapadum-review.html |title=Theerpugal Virkapadum (Aka) Therpugal Virkapadum review |date=January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120194704/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/theerpugal-virkapadum/theerpugal-virkapadum-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, he had nine releases with notably ''[[Etharkkum Thunindhavan]]'', ''[[Veetla Vishesham]]'' and ''[[Love Today (2022 film)|Love Today]]'' which received positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/etharkkum-thunindhavan-review-tamil-movie-23189|title=Etharkkum Thunindhavan review. Etharkkum Thunindhavan Tamil movie review, story, rating|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=14 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414135025/https://www.indiaglitz.com/etharkkum-thunindhavan-review-tamil-movie-23189|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/veetla-vishesham/veetla-vishesham-review.html |title=Veetla Vishesham (Aka) Veetla Visesham review |date=17 June 2022 |access-date=1 January 2023 |archive-date=1 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101132104/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/veetla-vishesham/veetla-vishesham-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/nov/04/love-today-movie-review-a-rollicking-new-age-entertainer-36266.html |title=Love Today Movie Review: A rollicking new-age entertainer |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 November 2022 |access-date=1 January 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104143423/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/nov/04/love-today-movie-review-a-rollicking-new-age-entertainer-36266.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He also starred in the Telugu anthology drama series ''[[Meet Cute (TV series)|Meet Cute]]'' streaming on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/meet-cute-review-a-bland-mix-of-anthologies-that-tries-too-hard-nani-sathyaraj-deepti-ghanta-2301479-2022-11-25|title=Meet Cute Review: A saccharine sweet Telugu anthology that lacks finesse|website=India Today|date=25 November 2022 |access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=25 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125090728/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/meet-cute-review-a-bland-mix-of-anthologies-that-tries-too-hard-nani-sathyaraj-deepti-ghanta-2301479-2022-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref> In December, the horror thriller ''[[Connect (2022 film)|Connect]]'' was released where sathyaraj played the role of [[Nayanthara]]'s father.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/dec/23/connect-movie-review-delivers-some-chills-but-misses-out-on-a-lot-more-38035.html |title=Connect Movie Review: Delivers some chills, but misses out on a lot more |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=23 December 2022 |access-date=1 January 2023 |archive-date=1 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101134235/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/dec/23/connect-movie-review-delivers-some-chills-but-misses-out-on-a-lot-more-38035.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They also come together in ''[[Annapoorani: The Goddess of Food]]'' (2023).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayanthara-shows-resilience-depicts-her-fight-against-challenges-in-new-life-is-on-track-from-annapoorani-the-goddess-of-food/articleshow/105455128.cms | title=Nayanthara shows resilience, depicts her fight against challenges in new Life is on track from Annapoorani - the Goddess of Food | newspaper=The Times of India | date=24 November 2023 }}</ref> He later appeared as a lead actor in ''[[Weapon (film)|Weapon]]'' (2024), ''[[Thozhar CheGuevara]]'' (2024) and ''[[Madras Matinee]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Jun/07/weapon-movie-review-an-incoherent-unfocussed-misfire|title = Weapon Movie Review: An incoherent, unfocussed misfire | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=7 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thozhar-cheguevera/movie-review/113529321.cms|title = Thozhar Cheguevera | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Jun/06/madras-matinee-movie-review-a-flawed-but-endearing-comfort-watch|title = Madras Matinee Movie Review: A flawed but endearing comfort watch | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=6 June 2025 }}</ref> Sathyaraj and [[Rajinikanth]] will reunite after 38 years for [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]'s ''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]'' (2025). They last acted together in the 1986 film, ''[[Mr. Bharath]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/sathyaraj-denies-having-a-feud-with-rajinikanth-i-turned-down-sivaji-enthiran-because-101717592079583.html|title = Sathyaraj denies having a feud with Rajinikanth: 'I turned down Sivaji, Enthiran because…' | date=5 June 2024 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
In 1979, Sathyaraj married Maheswari, niece of producer Madhampatti Sivakumar, and had two children, daughter [[Divya Sathyaraj|Divya]] and son [[Sibiraj]], also an actor.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ta:நடிகர் சத்யராஜ் திருமணம் நடந்தது |language=ta |trans-title=Actor Sathyaraj got married |date=23 July 2013 |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/23231851/actor-sathyaraj-marriage-cinem.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728051216/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/23231851/actor-sathyaraj-marriage-cinem.html |archive-date=28 July 2013 |access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cine Biography: Sathyaraj (Part-2) |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinebio/16-08-00/sathya2.htm |website=dinkaran.com |date=16 August 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001202125400/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinebio/16-08-00/sathya2.htm |archive-date=2 December 2000 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Sathyaraj is a staunch [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathyaraj expresses 'wholehearted regret' for comments |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/sathyaraj-expresses-wholehearted-regret-for-comments-912279-2017-04-21 |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=India Today |date=21 April 2017 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425055827/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/sathyaraj-expresses-wholehearted-regret-for-comments-912279-2017-04-21 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sathyaraj and [[Manivannan]] shared a close friendship since college and became frequent collaborators in films in Tamil cinema. ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote: "His (Manivannan's) friendship with actor Sathiyaraj translated to several memorable moments on screen. Manivannan...along with Sathyaraj epitomised on screen what is colloquially known in Tamil as "nakkal" (snideness)".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthik Subramanian |date=15 June 2013 |title=Master of character roles Manivannan passes away |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/master-of-character-roles-manivannan-passes-away/article4817104.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619030023/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/master-of-character-roles-manivannan-passes-away/article4817104.ece |archive-date=19 June 2013}}</ref> According to Behindwoods.com, Manivannan (as the director) and Sathyaraj had consecutive hit films together beginning from 1987 to 1994; ''[[Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi]]'', ''[[Ganam Courtar Avargale]]'', ''[[Jallikattu (1987 film)|Jallikattu]]'', ''[[Vaazhkai Chakkaram]]'', ''[[Pudhu Manithan]]'', ''[[Therku Theru Machan]]'' and {{Lang|ta-latn|[[Amaidhi Padai]]}}.<ref>[http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-most-consistent-directors-of-tamil-cinema/manivannan.html Manivannan | Successive hits – Who gave the most in Tamil cinema?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923052827/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-most-consistent-directors-of-tamil-cinema/manivannan.html |date=23 September 2013 }}. Behindwoods.com.</ref> About working with Manivannan, he has said that it "is a pleasure. There's no script, no dialogue sheet. It's all in his head. But, he extracts great performances".<ref name="thehindu1" /> Sathyaraj and Manivannan also acted together in several films directed by other directors. About his personal relationship with Manivannan, Sathyaraj remarked "I still reminisce about the beautiful moments that I had with...Manivannan, a genius of a person. In fact, he is the one who taught me many things in life, and changed me, I became a good human from being just an actor. Every day, we used to have conversations over the phone on a wide range of topics. It was a 30-year relationship. No one could understand me the way he did".<ref name="deccanchronicle1" /> Manivannan died in 2013 and Sathyaraj has said that just 24 hours before his death they had discussed their next project and that he narrated him a story.<ref name="deccanchronicle1" />

== Filmography ==

{{Main|Sathyaraj filmography}}

== Awards and nominations ==
=== Honours ===
{{Awards table|1|caption=List of honours awarded to Sathyaraj}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1991
| [[Kalaimamani]]
| [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1995
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award]] (MGR Award)
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2000
| Honorary Doctorate
| [[Sathyabama University]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| Kalaichchigaram Award
| [[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| Honorary Doctorate
| [[Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies|Vels University]]
| {{won}}
{{end}}

===Awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of awards and nominations received by Sathyaraj
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Result
|-
|1987
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Vedham Pudhithu]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|1988
|Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[En Bommukutty Ammavukku]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|1990
|Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Nadigan]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
| 1990
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| ''[[Nadigan]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| 1993
| [[Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Cinema Express Awards]]
| ''[[Walter Vetrivel]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| 2007
|Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| 2007
|Periyar Award
|[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
|''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| 2007
|Best Actor
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]''
|{{won}}
|-
| 2007
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Onbadhu Roobai Nottu]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
| 2007
|[[Vijay Award for Best Actor]]
|[[Vijay Awards]]
|''[[Onbadhu Roobai Nottu]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2012
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Vijay Awards]]
|''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2012
|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2012
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2013
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2013
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor (Telugu)|SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]
|[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2013
|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2015
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2015
|SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor (Telugu)
|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2015
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Telugu
|[[1st IIFA Utsavam]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2015
|Performance in a Supporting Role – Tamil
|[[1st IIFA Utsavam]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2015
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2016
|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2017
|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2017
|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu
|[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2017
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2018
|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2018
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2019
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|''[[Thambi (2019 film)|Thambi]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
{{end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0766470}}

{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actors from Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:People from Coimbatore district]]
[[Category:People from Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Periyarists]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

INS Ghorpad

2026-01-18T07:48:49Z

Basavaraj: Creating some article initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=[[India]]
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name= INS ''Ghorpad''
|namesake= [[Bengal monitor]]
|owner=
|operator=
|registry=
|route=
|ordered=
|awarded=
|builder=*[[Gdańsk Shipyard]]
*[[Stocznia Gdynia]]
|original_cost=
|yard_number=
|way_number=
|laid_down=
|launched=
|sponsor=
|christened=
|completed=
|acquired=
|commissioned= 21 December 1974
|recommissioned=
|decommissioned= 11 January 2008
|maiden_voyage=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|homeport=
|identification= [[Pennant number]]: L14
|motto=
|nickname=
|honours=
|honors=
|captured=
|fate=
|status= Decommissioned
|notes=
|badge=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class={{sclass|Kumbhir|tank landing ship}}
|type=
|tonnage=
|displacement= 1120 tons (standard)
|length= 83.9 m <ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/landing_ships_kumbhir.htm |title=Surface Ships of Indian Navy |accessdate=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216124010/http://indiannavy.nic.in/landing_ships_kumbhir.htm |archivedate=2010-12-16 }}</ref>
|beam= 9.7 m
|height=
|draught= 1.3 metres (extreme bow and 2.58 metres (stern)
|draft=
|depth= 5.2 m
|hold_depth=
|decks=
|deck_clearance=
|ramps=
|ice_class=
|power=
|propulsion= 2 x 2200 hp Soviet Kolomna 40-D two stroke diesel engines.
|sail_plan=
|speed= 18 knots
|range=
|endurance=
|test_depth=
|boats=
|capacity=
|troops=
|complement= 120 (incl. 12 officers)
|crew=
|time_to_activate=
|sensors= SRN 7453 radar
|EW=
|armament=*2 × AK-230 30mm guns
*4 × CRN-91 AA (Naval 30mm Medak)
*guns, MANPAD's.
|armour=
|armor=
|aircraft= 1 [[HAL Chetak]]
|aircraft_facilities=
|notes=
}}
}}
'''INS ''Ghorpad''''' was a {{sclass|Kumbhir|tank landing ship}} of the [[Indian Navy]].

==History==
Built at the [[Gdańsk Shipyard]] in [[Poland]], INS ''Ghorpad'' was commissioned on 21 December 1974. She was decommissioned on 11 January 2008.

==See also==
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships|Ships of the Indian Navy]]

==References==
<references/>

{{Kumbhir-class tank landing ship}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghorpad (L14)}}
[[Category:Kumbhir-class tank landing ships]]
[[Category:1974 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Gdańsk]]
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1984 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh

2026-01-06T12:36:39Z

Basavaraj: basic adjust formatting to improve readability additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{One source
| date = May 2019
}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1984 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1980 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
| previous_year = 1980
| next_election = 1989 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
| next_year = 1989
| election_date = December 1984
| seats_for_election = 42 seats
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=NT Rama Rao.jpg||bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| party1 = Telugu Desam Party
| alliance1 = Nonpartisan candidate
| leaders_seat1 = ''Did not contest''
| seats1 = 30
| seat_change1 = ''New''
| popular_vote1 = 10,132,859
| percentage1 = 44.82%
| swing1 = ''New''
| last_election1 = ''New''
| last_election2 = 41
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Hand INC.svg||bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress (Indira)
| alliance2 = Congress alliance
| seats2 = 6
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 35
| popular_vote2 = 9,452,394
| percentage2 = 41.81%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 14.43%
| map_image = Andhra Pradesh in India (1956-2014).png
| map_size = 200px
| map_caption = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}
The [[1984 Indian general election]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] were held for 42 seats in the state. The result was a big victory for the [[Telugu Desam Party]] which won 31 out of 42 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/past-elections-statistics/|title=Past Election Results|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref>

==Parties and Alliances==
===Telugu Desam Party+===
{{legend2|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|[[Telugu Desam Party|Telugu Desam Party led Alliance]]}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[File:Telugu Desam Party Flag 2024.png|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle (cropped).png|50px]]
|[[N. T. Rama Rao]]
|34
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]
|
|2
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]
|
|1 + 2
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[L. K. Advani]]
|2
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|[[File:Blank.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Blank.svg|50px]]
|[[Kishore Chandra Deo]]
|1
|-
|{{party color cell|Independent}}
|Independent
|[[File:Blank.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Blank.svg|50px]]
|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
|1
|-
|{{party color cell|Janata Party}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|[[File:Blank.svg|50px]]
|
|[[Jaipal Reddy]]
|1
|-
!
! Colspan=4|Total
!42 + 2
|}

===Indian National Congress===
{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
|42
|-
|}

==Results==
=== Vote share ===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Vote share by party in Andhra Pradesh
| other =
| label1 = Telugu Desam Party
| value1 = 44.82
| color1 = {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| label2 = Indian National Congress
| value2 = 41.81
| color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| label3 = Independents
| value3 = 5.28
| color3 = {{party color|Others}}
| label4 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| value4 = 2.22
| color4 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| label5 = Communist Party of India
| value5 = 1.85
| color5 = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}
| label6 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| value6 = 1.78
| color6 = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| label7 = Janata Party
| value7 = 1.21
| color7 = {{party color|Janata Party}}
| label8 = Indian Congress (Socialist)
| value8 = 1.03
| color8 = {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
}}

=== Seat share ===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Seat share by party in Andhra Pradesh
| other =
| label1 = Telugu Desam Party
| value1 = 71.43
| color1 = {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| label2 = Indian National Congress
| value2 = 14.29
| color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| label3 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| value3 = 2.38
| color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| label4 = Communist Party of India
| value4 = 2.38
| color4 = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}
| label5 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| value5 = 2.38
| color5 = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| label6 = Indian Congress (Socialist)
| value6 = 2.38
| color6 = {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
| label7 = Janata Party
| value7 = 2.38
| color7 = {{party color|Janata Party}}
| label8 = Independents
| value8 = 2.38
| color8 = {{party color|Others}}
}}

==Voting and results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/ Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="8" {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
!rowspan="8" style="background:#fef3e8"|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP+]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| 1,01,32,859
| 44.82
| {{new}}
| 34
| 30
| {{increase}} 30
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 5,01,597
| 2.22
| {{new}}
| 2
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| 4,18,882
| 1.85
| {{decrease}} 1.83
| 1 + 2
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| 4,01,582
| 1.78
| {{decrease}} 1.78
| 2
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| [[Janata Party|JP]]
| 2,74,064
| 1.21
| {{decrease}} 14.03
| 1
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
| [[Indian Congress (Socialist)|IC(S)]]
| 2,33,175
| 1.03
| {{new}}
| 1
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent politician}}
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
| 1,64,750
| 0.73
| {{new}}
| 1
| 0
| {{Steady}}
|-
! colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8" | Total
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 1,21,26,951
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 53.64
! style="background:#fef3e8" | {{Steady}}
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 42 + 2
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 35
! style="background:#fef3e8" | {{Steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 94,52,394
| 41.81
| {{decrease}} 14.43
| 42
| 6
| {{decrease}} 35
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 10,29,743
| 4.55
| {{decrease}} 3.02
| 213
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 2,26,09,046
! 100%
! -
! 299
! 42
! -
|}

== List of MPs won ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]
|72.72%
|Appayyadora Hanumantu
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|298,167
|60.68
|[[Boddepalli Rajagopala Rao]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|173,699
|35.35
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|124,468
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|25.33
|-
!2
|[[Parvathipuram Lok Sabha constituency|Parvathipuram (ST)]]
|65.64%
|[[Kishore Chandra Deo]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian Congress (Socialist)|ICS]]
|233,175
|54.49
|Narasimha Rao Viswasa Rayi
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|184,495
|43.11
|style="background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}} ; color:black;"|48,680
|style="background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}} ; color:black;"|11.38
|-
!3
|[[Bobbili Lok Sabha constituency|Bobbili]]
|74.64%
|Anand Gajapathi Raju Poosapati
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|315,156
|61.95
|[[Penumatsa Sambasiva Raju]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|177,573
|34.90
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|137,583
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|27.05
|-
!4
|[[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]
|64.16%
|[[Bhattam Srirama Murthy]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|334,399
|61.10
|Appalaswamy Kommuru alias Sanjeeva Rao
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|193,968
|35.44
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|140,431
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|25.66
|-
!5
|[[Bhadrachalam Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadrachalam (ST)]]
|54.63%
|[[Sode Ramaiah]]
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|195,618
|50.30
|B. Radhabai Anandrao
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|170,978
|43.97
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;"|24,640
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;"|6.33
|-
!6
|[[Anakapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Anakapalli]]
|67.87%
|Appalanarasimham P.
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|322,347
|65.80
|Appalanaidy S.R.A.S.
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|147,531
|30.11
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|174,816
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|35.69
|-
!7
|[[Kakinada Lok Sabha constituency|Kakinada]]
|72.18%
|[[Thota Gopala Krishna]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|344,038
|60.38
|Sanjeeva Rao M.S.
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|214,324
|37.62
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|129,714
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|22.76
|-
!8
|[[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
|76.51%
|Srihari Rao
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|381,091
|62.04
|Satyanarayana Rao S.B.P.B.K.
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|227,213
|36.99
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|153,878
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|25.05
|-
!9
|[[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Amalapuram (SC)]]
|75.92%
|Aithabathula Jogeswara Venkata Buthci Maheswara Rao
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|317,481
|61.24
|Kusuma Krishna Murthy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|197,750
|38.15
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|119,731
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|23.09
|-
!10
|[[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narasapur]]
|72.84%
|Vijaya Kumar Raju Bhupathiraju
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|366,534
|65.89
|Alluri Subhaschandra Bose
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|170,160
|30.59
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|196,374
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|35.30
|-
!11
|[[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
|76.24%
|Bolla Bulli Ramaiah
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|351,340
|59.21
|Vatti Venkata Ranga Partha Sarathi
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|239,688
|40.40
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|111,652
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|18.81
|-
!12
|[[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machilipatnam]]
|74.75%
|Sambasivarao Kuvuru
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|272,513
|49.84
|Vaddi Rangarao
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|263,420
|48.17
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|9,093
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|1.67
|-
!13
|[[Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency|Vijayawada]]
|73.31%
|Vadde Sobhanadreswara Rao
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|318,023
|50.97
|Chennupati Vidya
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|289,579
|46.41
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|28,444
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|4.56
|-
!14
|[[Tenali Lok Sabha constituency|Tenali]]
|70.91%
|Nissankararao Venkataratnam
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|256,766
|50.25
|Basav Punnayya Singam
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|246,328
|48.21
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|10,438
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|2.04
|-
!15
|[[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
|67.37%
|N.G. Ranga
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|293,589
|49.52
|Chandraskhara Rao Movva
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|281,695
|47.51
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|11,894
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|2.01
|-
!16
|[[Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency|Bapatla]]
|69.34%
|Chimata Sambu
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|290,492
|52.14
|Rajeswara Rao Maddirala
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|256,072
|45.96
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|34,420
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|6.18
|-
!17
|[[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]]
|68.09%
|Katuri Narayanaswamy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|295,059
|49.87
|Kasu Bramananda Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|280,821
|47.46
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|14,238
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|2.41
|-
!18
|[[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency|Ongole]]
|65.75%
|Bezawada Papireddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|287,662
|50.89
|Venkata Reddy Puli
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|269,519
|47.68
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|18,143
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|3.21
|-
!19
|[[Nellore Lok Sabha constituency|Nellore (SC)]]
|65.18%
|Penchalaiah Puchalapalli
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|296,284
|54.09
|Orepalli Venkata Subbaiah
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|242,733
|44.31
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|53,551
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|9.78
|-
!20
|[[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency|Tirupati (SC)]]
|71.30%
|Chinta Mohan
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|318,467
|52.89
|Penchalaiah Pasala
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|283,686
|47.11
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|34,781
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|5.78
|-
!21
|[[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor]]
|76.31%
|N.P. Jhansi Lakshmi
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|332,543
|54.54
|Amaranadha Reddy Nallari
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|271,332
|44.50
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|61,211
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|10.04
|-
!22
|[[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampet]]
|64.74%
|Palakondrayudu Sugavasi
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|298,060
|60.37
|A. Sai Prathap
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|180,913
|36.64
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|117,147
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|23.73
|-
!23
|[[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency|Cuddapah]]
|72.89%
|D.N. Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|332,915
|52.11
|Obula Reddy Kandula
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|278,607
|43.61
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|54,308
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|8.50
|-
!24
|[[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
|71.75%
|K. Ramachandra Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|349,239
|63.14
|D. Reddappa Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|193,902
|35.06
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|155,337
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|28.08
|-
!25
|[[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]
|65.51%
|Devneni Narayana Swamy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|302,307
|59.14
|Daruru Pullaiah
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|193,658
|37.88
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|108,649
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|21.26
|-
!26
|[[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]]
|68.84%
|Erasu Ayyapu Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|253,832
|49.94
|Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|246,542
|48.51
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|7,290
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|1.43
|-
!27
|[[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]
|70.47%
|Maddur Subba Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|298,420
|54.14
|Pendekanti Venkata Subbaiah
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|248,157
|45.02
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|50,263
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|9.12
|-
!28
|[[Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Nagarkurnool (SC)]]
|66.70%
|V. Tulsiram
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|301,089
|57.67
|Anantharamulu Mallu
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|211,952
|40.60
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|89,137
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|17.07
|-
!29
|[[Mahabubnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Mahabubnagar]]
|64.39%
|Sudini Jaipal Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JNP]]
|274,064
|51.89
|Mallikarjun
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|193,961
|36.72
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|80,103
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15.17
|-
!30
|[[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hyderabad]]
|76.76%
|Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi
|{{Party color cell|Independent politician}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Independent politician|IND]]
|222,187
|38.13
|K. Prahbakara Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|218,706
|37.53
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}} ; color:black;"|3,481
|style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}} ; color:black;"|0.60
|-
!31
|[[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Secunderabad]]
|59.93%
|T. Anjaiah
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|246,309
|49.02
|Bandaru Dattatreya
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|237,835
|47.33
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|8,474
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|1.69
|-
!32
|[[Siddipet Lok Sabha constituency|Siddipet (SC)]]
|67.63%
|G. Vijayarama Rao
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|253,243
|46.61
|Yelliah Nandi
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|239,042
|44.00
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|14,201
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|2.61
|-
!33
|[[Medak Lok Sabha constituency|Medak]]
|67.61%
|P. Manik Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|263,524
|48.21
|P. Shiv Shanker
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|261,708
|47.87
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|1,816
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|0.34
|-
!34
|[[Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency|Nizamabad]]
|70.02%
|Tadur Bala Goud
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|251,172
|48.64
|M. Narayan Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|248,725
|48.17
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|2,447
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|0.47
|-
!35
|[[Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency|Adilabad]]
|63.52%
|C. Madhav Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|238,440
|55.66
|C. Narisimha Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|183,882
|42.93
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|54,558
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|12.73
|-
!36
|[[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Peddapalli (SC)]]
|57.29%
|Gotte Bhoopathy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|246,334
|51.98
|Ganta Srihari
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|199,376
|42.07
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|46,958
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|9.91
|-
!37
|[[Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Karimnagar]]
|59.31%
|Juvvadi Chokkarao
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|243,357
|50.46
|Chenna Reddy M.
|{{Party color cell|Independent politician}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|164,750
|34.16
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|78,607
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|16.30
|-
!38
|[[Hanamkonda Lok Sabha constituency|Hanamkonda]]
|67.68%
|Chandupatla Janga Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|263,762
|52.40
|P. V. Narasimha Rao
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|209,564
|41.63
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:black;"|54,198
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:black;"|10.77
|-
!39
|[[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency|Warangal]]
|73.69%
|T. Kalpana Devi
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|232,088
|43.56
|Kamaluddin Ahmed
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|223,632
|41.98
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|8,456
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|1.58
|-
!40
|[[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]
|75.27%
|Jalagam Vengala Rao
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|261,056
|44.70
|Nallamala Prasad Rao
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|169,557
|29.04
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|91,499
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:black;"|15.66
|-
!41
|[[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalgonda]]
|67.40%
|Mallareddy Raguma Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|324,973
|59.21
|Damodar Reddy Tummalpally
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|210,563
|38.37
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|114,410
|style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;"|20.84
|-
!42
|[[Miryalguda Lok Sabha constituency|Miryalguda]]
|72.67%
|Bhimreddy Narsimha Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]]
|282,973
|46.93
|Chakilam Sreenivasa Rao
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|241,218
|40.01
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;"|41,755
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;"|6.92
|-

|}

== See also ==
*[[Elections in Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://eci.nic.in/ Website of Election Commission of India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303040541/http://ibnlive.in.com/politics/stats.php CNN-IBN Lok Sabha Election History]

{{Andhra Pradesh general elections|state=expanded}}
[[Category:1984 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1980s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1984 Indian general election|Andhra Pradesh]]

Pius Malekandathil

2025-11-18T23:05:39Z

Basavaraj: put up pg

{{Short description|Indian historian, priest and professor (born 1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Pius Malekandathil
| period =
| website =
| relatives =
| children =
| partner =
| spouse =
| notableworks =
| movement =
| subject =
| genre =
| nationality = Indian
| image =
| occupation = {{hlist|Author|Professor|Scholar|historian}}
| education = {{hlist|[[Kerala University]]|[[Pondicherry University|Pondicherry Central University]] (M.Phil. and PhD)| Faculdade das Letras, [[Universidade de Lisboa]] (Portuguese language)| [[Universidade Nova de Lisboa]], (Portuguese Paleography)|[[Heidelberg University]]}}
| residence =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| birth_name =
| pseudonym =
| honorific_suffix =
| caption =
| signature =
| years_active =
| honorific_prefix = Fr. Dr.
}}
'''Pius Malekandathil''' (born 1960)<ref>{{cite web |title=Malekandathil, Pius |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2002026967.html |website=id.loc.gov |access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref> is an Indian historian and a priest of the [[Syro-Malabar Church]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/priest.php?id=8433|title=Pius Malekandathil's profile in Syro-Malabar Church website}}</ref> He is currently the ''[[Protosyncellus]]'' of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kothamangalam|Eparchy of Kothamangalam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Administration {{!}} Eparchy of Kothamangalam {{!}} Kothamangalam Diocese |url=https://www.dioceseofkothamangalam.org/administration |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=KothamangalamDiocese |language=en}}</ref> He is a retired professor at the Centre for Historical Studies, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jnu.irins.org/profile/56776|title=Pius Malekandathil's profile at JNU}}</ref>

He is a leading expert in [[History of India|medieval history of India]] and the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-cross-to-pay-homage-to/articleshow/44903344.cms#_ga=2.4967347.1047982995.1640280746-907101366.1640280746|title=A Cross to pay Homage|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jnu.academia.edu/PiusMalekandathil/CurriculumVitae|title=jnu.academia.edu}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
His major works include:
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=LAhuAAAAMAAJ The Germans, the Portuguese and India] (1999)
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=soNRTQBuJn4C Portuguese Cochin and the Maritime Trade of India, 1500-1663] (2001)<ref>{{cite journal |last=de Silva |first=Chandra R. |year=2003 |title=Portuguese Cochin and the Maritime Trade of India, 1500–1663. By Pius Malekandathil. New Delhi: Manohar, 2001. 324 pp. |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=313–314 |doi=10.2307/3096215|jstor=3096215 }}</ref>
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=cUKybwAACAAJ Jornada of Dom Alexis de Menezes: A Portuguese Account of the Sixteenth Century Malabar] ([[Antonio de Gouvea]], translated and edited 2003)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity, the Indian Ocean] (2010);<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pati |first=George |year=2011 |title=Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Politics in the Indian Ocean. By Pius Malekandathil. Delhi, India: Primus Books, 2010. 211 pp. $64.00 (cloth). |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=622–623 |doi=10.1017/S0021911811000751|s2cid=163200357 }}</ref>
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xbi5kQEACAAJ The Mughals, the Portuguese and the Indian Ocean: Changing Imageries of Maritime India] (2013);
* [https://www.amazon.in/Cities-Medieval-India-Yogesh-Sharma/dp/9380607997 Cities in Medieval India] (co-edited with Yogesh Sharma, 2014).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hasan |first=Farhat |year=2016 |title=Book Review: Yogesh Sharma and Pius Malekandathil (eds), Cities in Medieval India |journal=The Medieval History Journal |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=164–166 |doi=10.1177/0971945816636273|s2cid=163323704 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/itinerario/article/abs/pius-malekandathil-joy-lk-pachuau-and-tankia-sarkar-eds-christianity-in-indian-history-issues-of-culture-power-and-knowledge-delhi-primus-books-2016-283-pp-isbn-97893840408266-7495/061D02BB15B9B5D379811F4EBD18B986 Christianity in Indian History: Issues of Culture, Power, and Knowledge]. (co-edited with Joy L.K. Pachuau, and [[Tanika Sarkar]], 2016)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Frykenberg |first=Robert Eric |year=2018 |title=Book review: Pius Malekandathil, Joy L. K. Pachau and Tanika Sarkar (eds), Christianity in Indian History: Issues of Culture, Power and Knowledge |journal=Studies in History |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=207–212 |doi=10.1177/0257643018762941|s2cid=165542473 }}</ref>
*[https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9977600001103681 India, the Portuguese and maritime interactions] (co-edited by Lotika Varadarajan, Amar Farooqui, 2019)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malekandathil, Pius}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar priests]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]

Siege of Kangra Fort

2025-11-09T12:18:39Z

Basavaraj:

{{Short description|Military expedition between 1361 and 1370}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Kangra fort
| width = 270px
| caption = Kangra fort in 1847, by Charles Hardinge
| date = Between 1361 and 1370
| place = [[Kangra Fort]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32.08687|N|76.25446|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Nagarkot is annexed by the Delhi Sultanate
| result = [[Delhi Sultanate]] victory
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = [[File:Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg|25px]] [[Delhi sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Kangra Fort|Nagarkot]]
| commander1 = [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]]
| commander2 = Raja Rup Chand{{Efn| The name Rupachandra is given by a later writer Manik Chand in a poem composed in 1562 CE to Raja Rup Chand<ref name=":02"/>}}
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| campaignbox =
| image = Jullunder Doab Kote Kangra..jpg
}}

The '''siege of Kangra Fort''' was a military expedition conducted by the forces of [[Delhi Sultanate]] led by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] against the [[Raja]] Rup Chand, the ruler of Nagarkot ([[Kangra Fort]]). After a six-month siege, which occurred sometime between 1361 and 1370, the garrison surrendered and Raja Rup Chand submitted to the rule of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref name=":02">{{Harvb|Agrawal|2016|p=6}}</ref>

== Background ==
Kangra fort was previously captured by [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] in an expedition against [[Nagarkot]] rulers in 1337. The fort fell again to the Hindu rulers after the death of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] in 1351 and remained in their possession until it was re-captured by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]].<ref name=":02"/> The campaign by Firuz Shah was launched as a result of an incursion by the Raja of Nagarkot into the Delhi Sultanate domain, who also intended to eliminate Muslim rulers in the region.<ref name=":1" />

According to [[Firishta]], the Raja of Nagarkot met [[Shihabu'd-Din Shah]] at the banks of [[Sutlej]]. Ud-Din Shah was a powerful ruler of [[Shah Mir dynasty]] in [[Kashmir]]. The Raja was on his way home after pillaging areas inside the Delhi sultanate. He presented the spoils gathered from his incursion to the ruler, Shihabu'd-Din Shah, to demonstrate his loyalty.<ref name=":1">{{Harvb|Cunningham|1875|p=157}}</ref>

== Siege ==
{{Location map+|India|float=right|width=280|caption=Kangra fort on the map|nodiv=1|mini=1|places={{location map~ |India |lat=32.08687|N |long=76.25446|E |label=Kangra fort |position=top }}}}After a successful expedition in Jamnagar in [[Bengal]] by the Delhi Sultanate, Firuz Shah moved his army towards [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]], but then returned towards [[Delhi]]. Later Firuz Shah and the army changed their route and marched towards Nagarkot.<ref>{{Harvb|Nasr|1933|p=402}}</ref> On the way to Nagarkot, Firuz Shah instructed his men to order many [[Manjaniq]]s and many Arradas{{Efn|The Arradas and Manjaniqs were machines or cannons used by Dehlin sultanate which threw projectiles}} to assemble, after he assessed the fort to be well built and not easily run over. The siege lasted six months before it was captured.<ref name=":02"/> Firuz Shah saw Raja Rup Chand, who stood on top of the citadel when Firuz Shah was inspecting the fort. The Raja pretended to be meek and bowed towards Firuz Shah in submission.<ref name=":1" />

Firuz Shah in return took a handkerchief and waved it at the Raja who in return came from his fort to Firuz Shah. He apologized and lowered himself to Firoz Shah's feet. The Raja was gifted an umbrella and robes of honor were presented before he was sent back to his fort. One source claimed that Firuz Shah placed his hand on Raja's back and stated his name, which was not supplied by many other historians.<ref>{{Harvb|Elliot|1871|p=319}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Following the Raja's submission Raja, Firuz Shah returned to [[Delhi]]. The dominion of the Raja was spared, he himself being left in charge of the [[garrison]].<ref name=":2">{{Harvb|Jackson|2003|pp=301-302}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The book ''Dalil-i-Firozshahi'' comprised religious books gathered by Firuz Shah. It was taken from [[Jawalamukhi|Jawalamukhi temple]] during the return from Nagarkot. The campaign against Nagarkot was appraised as Firuz Shah's most successful.<ref name=":2" /> In later years, [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III]] (son of Firuz Shah) used the fort to hide when pursued by [[Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II]] in 1388.<ref>{{Harvb|Agrawal|2016|p=7}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Kangra district]]
* [[Siege of Kampili]]
* [[Siege of Warangal (1323)]]
* [[List of wars involving the Delhi Sultanate]]

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Agrawal |first=Ashvini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HX_ZuQEACAAJ |title=Kangra Fort: Archaeological Survey of India |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |year=2016 |language=en |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/kangrafort00ashv/page/6/mode/2up |archive-date=2018-06-04}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnIIAAAAQAAJ |title=Report for the Year 1872-73 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |year=1875 |language=en |access-date=2024-12-30}}
* {{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Henry Miers |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-india-as-told-by-its-own-historians/EBAE51053520D7EDF75431B0973E4254 |title=The History of India, as Told by its Own Historians The Muhammadan Period |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1871 |isbn=9781139507158 |language=en |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458719/page/n325/mode/2up?q=Nagarkot |archive-date=2017-01-25}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC |title=The Delhi Sultanate A Political and Military History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780521543293 |language=en |access-date=2024-12-30}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Mohamed |url=https://archive.org/details/2015.97451.TughluqDynasty/page/n15/mode/2up?q=Nagarkot |title=Tughluq Dynasty |publisher=Thacker Spink & Co. (1933) Pvt. Ltd. |year=1933 |language=en |access-date=2025-01-04}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Military expeditions]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Delhi Sultanate]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1361]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1370]]
[[Category:Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]]

The Last Supper (2014 film)

2025-10-10T11:33:10Z

Basavaraj: Put up initial pg added tags - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Last Supper
| image = The Last Supper 2014 film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Vinil Vasu
| screenplay = Shameer Sainu Deepak Dharaneendran
| story = Vinil Vasu
| writer = Shameer Sainu Deepak Dharaneendran (dialogues)
| producer = S. George
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Unni Mukundan]]
*[[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]]
*[[Pearle Maaney]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Ajayan Vincent]]
| editing = Shyam Shasidharan
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| studio = CYN-CYL Celluloid
| distributor = Playhouse Release
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|5|9}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''The Last Supper''''' is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language [[adventure]] [[thriller film]] directed by Vinil Vasu starring [[Unni Mukundan]], [[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]], and [[Pearle Maaney]]. The film features three characters who journey from Kerala to Tamil Nadu and get trapped in a forest en route.<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Vijay |date=16 January 2014 |title=On location: On an adventure trail |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/on-location-on-an-adventure-trail/article5581874.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093804/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/on-location-on-an-adventure-trail/article5581874.ece |archive-date=1 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Last Supper is an adventure story: Unni Mukundan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/the-last-supper-is-an-adventure-story-unni-mukundan/articleshow/34874231.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/the-last-supper-is-an-adventure-story-unni-mukundan/articleshow/34874231.cms |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Last Supper |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/previews/the-last-supper/articleshow/35002849.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093942/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/previews/the-last-supper/articleshow/35002849.cms |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=April 2022}}

== Cast ==
*[[Unni Mukundan]] as Alby
*[[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Imran
*[[Pearle Maaney]] as Pearle
*[[Hariprashanth M G]] as Anuj Saxena

== Production ==
Unni Mukundan lost 17 kilograms to play the role of a computer hacker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unni loses 17 kilos for his next film ! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-loses-17-kilos-for-his-next-film-/articleshow/28650732.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-loses-17-kilos-for-his-next-film-/articleshow/28650732.cms |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> While filming in [[Nelliampathi]], Mukundan fell in a river.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unni Mukundan almost drowns! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundan-almost-drowns/articleshow/25488827.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundan-almost-drowns/articleshow/25488827.cms |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music by [[Gopi Sundar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Last Supper - - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-last-supper/RnIvcTb-tQs_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705065606/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-last-supper/RnIvcTb-tQs_ |archive-date=5 July 2023 |date=17 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pearle Maaney]] sung the song "Belly".<ref name="toi" />
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Belly Song
| extra1 = [[Pearle Maaney]]
| lyrics1 = [[Anu Elizabeth Jose]]
| length1 = 3:10
| title2 = Idiminnal
| extra2 = Gopi Sundar, [[Naresh Iyer]]
| lyrics2 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| length2 = 2:54
| title3 = Bhoothathe Kandittundo
| extra3 = Gopi Sundar, Gopi Sunder, [[Abhaya Hiranmayi]], Lal, Prakash Alex, [[Shammi Thilakan]], Sruthi Nair
| lyrics3 = Gopi Sundar
| length3 = 2:25
| total_length = 8:29
}}

== Release ==
The film was initially scheduled to release on 2 May,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Last Supper to release on May 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/the-last-supper-to-release-on-may-2/articleshow/34072709.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/the-last-supper-to-release-on-may-2/articleshow/34072709.cms |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> but was postponed to 9 May.<ref name="toi" /> The film released alongside ''[[God's Own Country (2014 film)|God's Own Country]]'' and ''My Dear Mummy''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Triple treat for Malayalam movie goers |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-triple-treat-for-malayalam-movie-goers-south/20140509.htm#2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093804/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-triple-treat-for-malayalam-movie-goers-south/20140509.htm#2 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film one-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "In a badly written, poorly conceived film about three friends going on a trip to a devilish place, interest is confined to visuals, mostly of animals who appear regardless of their unique habitats".<ref name="toi">{{Cite web |title=The Last Supper Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/the-last-supper/movie-review/34962615.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/the-last-supper/movie-review/34962615.cms |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' gave the film a verdict of below average and opined that "The film manages to give you some scary moments but that is not all that you want from a movie for sure. This ?supper? leaves you wanting for more!"<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=The Last Supper |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/the-last-supper-review-malayalam-pcmbqlbejbffg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093944/https://www.sify.com/movies/the-last-supper-review-malayalam-pcmbqlbejbffg.html |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDB title|4874394}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Last Supper}}
[[Category:Indian adventure thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]

Ukhra

2025-10-07T00:00:14Z

Basavaraj: Put up new details from scratch - done

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Distinguish|Ukrah}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ukhra
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighborhood in [[Durgapur, West Bengal]]
| image_skyline = Railway Station in Sainthia Andal line 05.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Ukhra railway station
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.654|N|87.243|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 7.33
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 24,104
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages*
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713363
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 0341
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Bardhaman - Durgapur
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Durgapur Paschim]]
| website = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ukhra''' is a [[neighborhood]] in the [[Kanksa (community development block)|Kanksa]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Durgapur]] city of the [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=550| height=400| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|33|20|N|87|19|20|E}}| float=centre|caption='''Cities and towns in the southern and eastern portions of Durgapur subdivision in Paschim Bardhaman district''' MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: census town, R: rural centre, A: airport, B: barrage, H: historical site Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|23|31|34|N|87|22|24|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Arra| numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Arra, Paschim Bardhaman|Arra]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|30|32|N|87|23|40|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Gopalpur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Gopalpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Gopalpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|30|4|N|87|21|48|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bamunara| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bamunara, Paschim Bardhaman|Bamunara]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|27|58|N|87|23|0|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Amlajora| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Amlajora]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|27|40|N|87|27|45|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Kanksa| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Kanksa]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|27|22|N|87|27|14|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Debipur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Debipur, India|Debipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|26|57|N|87|26|52|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Prayagpur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Prayagpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|18|N|87|12|28|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Siduli| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Siduli]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|38|30|N|87|13|31|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Khandra| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Khandra]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|39|14|N|87|14|34|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Ukhra| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=Ukhra (CT)|shape-color10=black| label-size10=13|label-color10=black 
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|37|44|N|87|13|10|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Mahira| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Mahira]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|37|11|N|87|13|1|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Dakshin Khanda| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Dakshin Khanda]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|36|51|N|87|8|51|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Kajora| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Kajora]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|36|16|N|87|10|45|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Harishpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Harishpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|35|50|N|87|9|47|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Palashban| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Palashban]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|35|24|N|87|11|56|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Dignala| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Dignala]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|35|6|N|87|11|7|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Andal| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Andal, Paschim Bardhaman|Andal]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|34|30|N|87|10|45|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Baska| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Baska, Andal|Baska]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|33|54|N|87|17|38|E}} | label-pos19=right|label-color19=#800000| label19=Durgapur | numbered19=MC| mark-title19=[[Durgapur]] (MC)|shape-color19=#800000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|27|7|N|87|28|6|E}} | label-pos20=right| label20= Panagarh | numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[Panagarh]] (R)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|28|41|N|87|23|34|E}} | label-pos21=left| label21= Rajbandh | numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Rajbandh]] (R)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|38|54|N|87|9|41|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=ECL Kajora|labela22= Area Office | numbered22=0| mark-title22=[[Kajora Area|ECL Kajora Area Office]] (A)| shape-color22=#AA6666| label-size22=13|
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.619389|87.244333}}| label23= Kazi Nazrul|labela23= Islam Airport| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=12|numbered23= A| mark-title23 = [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport]]| shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.474444|87.4275}}| label24= Panagarh Airport| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=12| numbered24=A|mark-title24 =[[Panagarh Airport]]| shape-color24=#C42222
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.4754|87.3023}}| label25= Durgapur|labela25= Barrage| label-color25 = #C42222 | label-angle25=0| label-pos25=right| label-size25=10| mark-size25=12| numbered25=B|mark-title25 =[[Durgapur Barrage]]| shape-color25=#C42222
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.5648|87.2367}}| label26= Durgapur|labela26= Steel |labelb26 =Plant| label-color26 = #C42222 | label-angle26=0| label-pos26=bottom| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.5386|87.2693}}| label27= Alloy|labela27= Steels |labelb27 =Plant| label-color27 = #C42222 | label-angle27=0| label-pos27=bottom| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.5186|87.2983}}| label28= Durgapur|labela28= Projects |labelb28 =Limited| label-color28 = #C42222 | label-angle28=0| label-pos28=bottom| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.6374|87.4243}}| label29=Ajay River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=47| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.4984|87.2623}}| label30=Damodar River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=40| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|36|29|N|87|27|13|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31=Gourangapur| numbered31=H| mark-title31= [[Gourangapur]] (H)| shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|36|0|N|87|29|19|E}} | label-pos32=left| label32= Bankati | numbered32=R| mark-title32=[[Bankati, Paschim Bardhaman]] (R)|shape-color32=#C42222
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|33|51|N|87|24|6|E}} | label-pos33=left| label33= Malandighi | numbered33=R| mark-title33=[[Malandighi]] (R)|shape-color33=#C42222
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|37|43|N|87|24|28|E}} | label-pos34=left| label34= Sibpur | numbered34=R| mark-title34=[[Sibpur, Paschim Bardhaman]] (R)|shape-color34=#C42222
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|36|22|N|87|25|46|E}} | label-pos35=left| label35= Garh Jungle | numbered35=H| mark-title35=[[Garh Jungle]] (H)|shape-color35=#AA6666}}

===Location===
Ukhra is located at {{coord|23.654|N|87.243|E|}}.

Ukhra is a [[census town]] in [[Andal (community development block)]], as per Serial No. 237 of Towns/ Villages in the Bardhaman district section of [http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html 2011 census data] and also the Map of CD block Ondal on Page 229 of [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf District Census Handbook for Bardhaman District].

===Urbanisation===
According to the 2011 census, 79.22% of the population of the Durgapur subdivision was urban and 20.78% was rural. The sole municipal corporation in Durgapur subdivision is located at [[Durgapur]] and the subdivision has 38 (+1 partly) [[census town]]s (partly presented in the map above; all places marked on the map are linked in the full-screen map).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Siduli]], [[Khandra]], Ukhra, [[Mahira]], [[Dakshin Khanda]], [[Harishpur]], [[Kajora]], a part of Andal (gram), (all in Andal CD block), [[Parashkol]] (partly in Pandabeswar CD block and partly in Andal CD block) and [[Chak Bankola]] (partly in Pandabeswar CD block and partly in Andal CD block), lying north of [[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]] (old numbering NH 2)/ [[Grand Trunk Road]] form a cluster of census towns. This cluster is linked with two more clusters of census towns – one located south of NH 19 in Andal CD block and another lying in Pandabeswar CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Bardhaman, Series 20, Part XII A, Census of India 2011 | work= Map of Ondal CD block, page 229| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 16 September 2018}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ukhra had a total population of 24,104 of which 12,500 (52%) were males and 11,604 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 2,489. The total number of literates in Ukhra was 17,591 (81.38% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 February 2017 }}</ref>

*For language details see [[Andal (community development block)#Language and religion]]

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Ukhra had a population of 19,868. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Ukhra has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 61%. In Ukhra, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Infrastructure==


According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Bardhaman'', Ukhra covered an area of 7.33 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 10 km roads with open drains, the protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from treated sources. It had 710 domestic electric connections and 40 road lighting (points). Among the medical facilities it had 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 family welfare centre, 3 maternity and child welfare clinics. Among the educational facilities it had were 8 primary schools, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school. It had 3 non-formal education centres (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 auditorium/ community hall, 1 public library. Among the important commodities it manufactured was soap and bakery products. It had the branch office of 2 nationalised banks, 1 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank and 1 non-agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 14 May 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Andal–Sainthia branch line|collapse=yes}}
[[File:Railway Station in Sainthia Andal line 06.jpg|thumb|Ukhra Railway Station]]
[[Ukhra railway station]] is 12 km from Andal on the [[Andal-Sainthia Branch Line]] of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]].<ref>Eastern Railway time table</ref>

==Education==
Ukhra Kunja Behari Institution is a Bengali-medium boys only institution established in 1859. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. The school has 1 computer, a library with 3,000 books and a playground.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090100404/ukhra-k-b-institution.html | title = Ukhra K.B. Institution| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Ukhra Kunja Behari High School is a Bengali-medium coeducation institution established in 1975. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X. The school has 10 computers and a library with 500 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090100603/ukhra-kb-high-school.html| title = Ukhra KB. High School | publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Ukhra Adarsha Hindi High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1965. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. The school has 15 computers and a library with 3,263 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090103504/ukhra-adarsha-hindi-high-school.html | title = Ukhra Adarsha Hindi High School | publisher = Schools.org.in|access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Gulzarbagh Urdu Junior High School is an Urdu-medium coeducational institution established in 2009. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class VIII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090101603/gulzarbag-urdu-jr-high-school.html | title = Gulzarbagh Urdu Jr High School | publisher = Schools.org.in|access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Assembly of God Church School was established at Ukhra in 1980. It has facilities for teaching from Nursery to class XII. It follows the [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]] syllabus.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://agukhra.org/pages/mission_vision.html | title = Assembly of God Church School Ukhra| publisher = AGU |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
The 50-bed [[Bankola Area]] Hospital of [[Eastern Coalfields]] is located at Ukhra.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/uploads/pdf/eastern_coldfields_limiteds_hospital.pdf | title = Eastern Coalfields Limited’s Hospitals | publisher = ECL | access-date = 23 April 2017 | archive-date = 26 April 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170426153142/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/uploads/pdf/eastern_coldfields_limiteds_hospital.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Medical facilities (periodic medical examination centres and dispensaries) in the Bankola Area of ECL are available at Bankola Area PME Centre (with 30 beds + 2 cabins) (PO Ukhra), Khandra (PO Khandra), Bankola Colliery (PO Khandra), Bankola Area (PO Khandra), Shyamsundarpur (PO Khandra), Mahira (PO Moira), Tilaboni (PO Pandabeswar), Nakrakonda (PO Pandabeswar), Shankarpur (PO Sheetalpur), Kumardihi A (PO Pandabeswar), Kumardihi B (PO Pandabeswar).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrxiDIKi8Be4hgAXS67HAx.;_ylu=X3oDMTByYmpmZjA4BGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMzBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg--/RV=2/RE=1589705610/RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.coalindia.in%2fDesktopModules%2fDocumentList%2fdocuments%2fDetails_of_Medical_Facility_in_CIL_and_its_Subsidiaries_05032018.xlsx/RK=2/RS=G5Llg8vcadCbsl1BI.JMH0rETxA- | title = Details of medical facilities in CIL and its subsidiaries | work= ECL| publisher = CIL|access-date = 15 May 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bardhaman.com/bigmap.htm Map of Bardhaman district] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617061729/http://www.bardhaman.com/bigmap.htm |date=17 June 2009 }}

{{Paschim Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Paschim Bardhaman district]]

Surya Prakash Khatri

2025-10-04T04:34:03Z

Basavaraj: Put up basic post w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Surya Prakash Khatri
| term_start = 10 February 2025
| constituency = [[Timarpur Assembly constituency|Timarpur]]
| office = Member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Dilip Pandey]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Surya Prakash Khatri''' is an Indian politician from [[Delhi]] affiliated with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Timarpur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-08 |title=Timarpur election results 2025 highlights: BJP's Surya Prakash Khatri wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/timarpur-election-results-2025-highlights-surinder-pal-singh-lokendra-kalyan-singh-surya-prakash-khatri/articleshow/118045186.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Timarpur Election Results 2025 Live: BJP's Surya Prakash Khatri leads; AAP's Bittoo leads |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/timarpur-delhi-assembly-election-results-2025-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9822906/lite/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Assembly Election Results 2025: Full list of winners constituency wise">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-elections-results-full-list-of-leading-candidates-and-parties-in-delhi-assembly-polls-2025-9822822/|title=Delhi Assembly Election Results 2025: Full list of winners constituency wise|date=8 February 2025|access-date=8 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208162724/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-elections-results-full-list-of-winner-candidates-and-parties-in-delhi-assembly-polls-2025-9822822/|archive-date=8 February 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khatri, Surya Prakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Delhi-BJP-politician-stub}}

Mikhail Kudryavtsev

2025-10-03T06:19:34Z

Basavaraj: Starting Basic Data Added Tags

{{Short description|Russian ethnographer (1911–1992)}}
{{Infobox academic
| name= Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev
| native_name= Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев
| native_name_lang= ru
| birth_date= January 12, 1911<ref name="ru1">{{cite web |url=http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/index.php?option=com_personalities&Itemid=74&person=1560 |title=Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев |trans-title=Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev |language=ru |website=[[Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences]] |place=Saint Petersburg, Russia |access-date=April 9, 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place= [[Orenburg]],<ref name="ru2">{{Cite journal |journal=[[Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie]] |title=Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев (1911 — 1992) |trans-title=Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev (1911 — 1992) |author=Александр Михайлович Решетов [Alexandr Mikhailovich Reshetov] |pages=152–155 |url=http://journal.iea.ras.ru/archive/1990s/1992/no6/1992_6_152_Kudriavtsev.pdf |language=ru |year=1992 |accessdate=April 11, 2020 |publisher=[[Russian Academy of Sciences]] |place=Moscow, Russia |issn=0869-5415}}</ref> [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date= {{death date and age|1992|03|04|1911|01|12}}<ref name="ru1"/>
| citizenship= {{br separated entries|{{flag|Russian Empire}}|{{USSR}}|{{flag|Russia}}}}
| occupation= {{br separated entries|Ethnographer|Ethnologist|Indologist}}
| known_for= Ethnography of India<ref name="spb1"/>
| awards= [[Order of the Red Star]]
| education= [[Doktor Nauk]] in Historical Sciences
| alma_mater= {{br separated entries|[[Leningrad State University]] (Graduation)|[[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]] (Post–graduation and Doctor Nauk)}}
| thesis_title= Происхождение Мусульманского Населения Северной Индии
| thesis_url= https://search.rsl.ru/en/record/01005821886
| thesis_year= 1952
|academic_advisors= [[:ru:Ольдерогге, Дмитрий Алексеевич|Dmitry Alexeyevich Ol'derogge]] (Post–graduate studies)<ref name="xxvi"/>
| discipline= {{br separated entries|Ethnography|Ethnology|Indology}}
| workplaces= Former "Senior Scientific Worker", Institute of Ethnography of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union<ref name="ssw1"/>
}}

'''Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev''' ({{langx|ru|Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев|translit=Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev}}; January 12, 1911 – March 4, 1992) was a Soviet [[ethnographer]] and [[Indologist]].

He began his studies in the topography stream, but later focused on the fields of history and ethnography. After graduating from the [[Leningrad State University]] in history, he studied at the [[Academy of Sciences of the USSR]] till the completion of his [[Doktor Nauk]] in historical sciences. However, there was a break of several years in his post–graduate studies because of his commission in the [[Soviet military]]'s technical forces during the second world war. From July 1941 to September 1945, he served at various ranks on several fronts. He had also been the head of the topographic command of the [[USSR]]'s military. He recommenced his studies in 1946.

Later, he worked as a senior researcher at the academy and also lead its Indological studies. He conducted ethnographical research on several ethnic groups of India, and also studied India's social structure in the ancient and medieval times. He died at the age of 81 years and was buried at Saint Petersburg's {{ill|Shuvalov Cemetery|ru|Шуваловское кладбище}}.

==Education==
From 1929 to 1932, Kudryavtsev studied at the Leningrad Topographical Technical School, and worked as a [[topographer]] in [[Yakutia]] after the completion of the academic program.<ref name="ru2"/>

In June 1939, he completed his graduation in history at the [[Leningrad State University]], with a recommendation for post–graduation at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the [[USSR]]. He started his studies at the institute, but later in 1941, his studies were halted because of his dis-enrollment from the institute due to his appointment in the Soviet Military. However, in 1946, he was re–enrolled for the postgraduate studies at the institute with a specialty in the ethnography of India after an order from the [[presidium]] of the academy.<ref name="ru2"/> He completed the ''Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences''<ref name="ru1"/> at the academy in 1952, with the thesis titled ''"Происхождение Мусульманского Населения Северной Индии" (The Origin of the Muslim Population of Northern India)''.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Страны и Народы Востока [Countries and Peoples of the East] |title=Африка и Азия |trans-title=Africa and Asia |publisher=Nauka |url=http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/images/pdf/journals/SNV_15_1973_15_sakharov.pdf |place=Moscow, USSR |year=1973 |via=Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences |language=ru |accessdate=June 9, 2020}}</ref>

He had also studied the [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], and [[Urdu language]]s.<ref name="ru3"/>

==World War II==
During the second world war, Kudryavtsev served in the Soviet Military. From 1 July 1941, he worked as a topographer, and from February 1942, as a senior topographer on the [[Leningrad Front]].<ref name="ru3"/> From February to December 1942, he served as the platoon commander and deputy [[battery commander]] in the [[Red Army]]. He also headed the divisions of the Red Army at the [[Volkhov Front]]. After December 1942, he resumed his services as a topographer.<ref name="ru2"/> Between December 1942 and September 1945, he was the head of the topographic services, first on the Volkhov front, and later on [[2nd Ukrainian Front|the second]] and [[1st Ukrainian Front|the first]] Ukrainian fronts.<ref name="ru3"/> From September to December 1945, he taught topography to the infantry officers in [[Lviv]] (Ukraine). The Soviet military units benefited in some of their onerous combat tasks from his knowledge as a topographer.<ref name="ru2"/> He also was the chief of the "military topographic administration" and served as a Lieutenant–general in the "technical forces" of the USSR.<ref>{{citation |title=Geodesy and Cartography |author1=American Geophysical Union |author2=Royer and Roger Inc |author3=National Science Foundation (U.S.) |author4=American Congress on Surveying and Mapping |author5=American Society of Photogrammetry |author-link1=American Geophysical Union |author-link3=National Science Foundation |author-link4=American Congress on Surveying and Mapping |publisher=American Geophysical Union |place=USA |year=1961 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJocAQAAIAAJ&q=M.K.+Kudryavtsev}}</ref>

He was awarded the ''[[Order of the Red Star]]'' "for the defense of Leningrad".<ref name="ru3">{{Cite journal |journal=Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie |title=К 50-летию Победы: События, Воспоминания, Мнения |trans-title=To the 50th anniversary of Victory: Events, Memories, Opinions |author=Александр Михайлович Решетов [Alexandr Mikhailovich Reshetov] |pages=9–11 |url=http://journal.iea.ras.ru/archive/1990s/1995/no4/1995_4_3_Reshetov.pdf |language=ru |year=1995 |accessdate=April 20, 2020 |publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences |place=Moscow, Russia |issn=0869-5415 |archive-date=August 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802005651/https://journal.iea.ras.ru/archive/1990s/1995/no4/1995_4_3_Reshetov.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also received the [[Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Кудрявцев Михаил Константинович |trans-title=Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev |website=Feat of the People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 (Project) |place=Russia |url=http://podvignaroda.ru/?#id=1536015885&tab=navDetailManAward |accessdate=August 4, 2020}}</ref> During his service years in the Soviet Military, he visited Romania, Poland, Germany, and Czechoslovakia.<ref name="ru3"/>

==Academic career and research==
Kudryavtsev was a "senior scientific worker" at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.<ref name="ssw1">{{cite book |editor1-first=Bhabagrahi |editor1-last=Misra |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Preston |title=Community, Self and Identity |chapter=Biographical Notes |edition=reprint |series=World Anthropology |page=300 |orig-year=First published 1978 |year=2011 |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgDTCVW51WkC&pg=PA300 |isbn=978-3110802658 |oclc=882837173 |quote=M. K. KUDRYAVTSEV (1911– ) was born in Russia. He received his doctorate from the Institute of Ethnography, Academy of Sciences, USSR. A specialist in the ethnography of India, he visited that country in 1957, 1964, 1966, 1974 and 1977. He is a Senior Scientific Worker at the Institute of Ethnography in Leningrad.}}</ref> He headed the Indological research at the institute, and contributed in the development of monographic ethnic research in Russia.<ref name="xxvi">{{cite conference |conference=XXVI International Conference on Source Studies and Historiography of Asia and Africa |conference-url=http://www.orienthist.spbu.ru/schedule-of-the-26th-conference-2011/?lang=en |date=April 20–22, 2011 |title=Modernization and Traditions |url=http://www.orienthist.spbu.ru/arhiv/2011/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |author=Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Saint Petersburg State University |editor1-first=Nikolai N. |editor1-last=Diakov |editor2-first=A. S. |editor2-last=Matveyev |pages=140–141 |website=Saint Petersburg State University |publisher=Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy |location=Saint Petersburg, Russia |access-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> He had also worked as a researcher at the [[Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Отдел Этнографии Южной и Юго-Западной Азии |trans-title=Department of Ethnography of South and Southwest Asia |url=http://www.kunstkamera.ru/museums_structure/research_departments/department_of_south_and_southwest_asia |website=[[Kunstkamera]] |language=ru |place=Saint Petersburg, Russia |accessdate=June 9, 2020}}</ref> His main area of study was India's ethnography<ref name="ssw1"/><ref name="in1"/> and northern India's ethnology.<ref name="jsr1">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Social Research |volume=6–8 |orig-year=Article published in 1964 (Volume 7, Issue 2) |year=1963–1965 |pages=126–135 |publisher=Council of Social and Cultural Research ([[Bihar]]); Department of Anthropology of the [[Ranchi University]] |place=Bihar, India |editor1-first=P. N. |editor1-last=Ojha |editor2-first=A. B. |editor2-last=Saran |editor3-first=A. R. N. |editor3-last=Srivastava |editor4-first=L. P. |editor4-last=Vidyarthi |editor4-link=L. P. Vidyarthi |title=On the Role of the Jats in Northern India's Ethnic History |first=M. K. |last=Kudryavtsev |issn=0449-315X |oclc=1956967 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K34rAAAAIAAJ&q=senior+research+worker |quote-page=126 |quote=(Editors' Footnote) A Soviet ethnologist from Lelingrad [sic], Mr. Kudryavtsev is a senior research worker at the Institute of Ethnography of Academy of Sciences in the U. S. S. R. He has specialized in North India Ethnology and has written a series of paper in the Russian. He has visited India several times and has a plan to do intensive field work in India.}}</ref> The [[Saint Petersburg State University]] views him as one of the "fathers of Indian Ethnography in Russia".<ref name="spb1">{{cite web |url=http://india.spbu.ru/Indology-centers-en.html |title=Centers for Indian Studies in Russia |website=Saint Petersburg State University |place=Saint Petersburg, Russia |access-date=April 8, 2020 |quote=Outstanding researchers like D.A. Suleykin, V.E. Krasnodembskiy and M.K. Kudryavtsev can be called 'fathers' of Indian Ethnography in Russia.}}</ref>

He visited India five times between 1957 and 1974.<ref name="ssw1"/> In 1966, the [[Anthropological Survey of India]] had invited him and [[:ru:Чебоксаров, Николай Николаевич|Nikolai Cheboxarov]] in India for a study on the anthropological data gathered in 1964 on [[Asur people|Asurs]], [[Korkus]], [[Gonds|Gondas]], Pradhans, [[Khasi people|Khasis]] and the Hindustanis of the Lucknow region. They studied these people with the assistance of P. Gupta.<ref name="in1">{{cite book |title=New Indian studies by Soviet scholars |chapter=New Data on the Ethnic Anthropology of India |series=Problems of the Contemporary World |first1=Alexander |last1=Zubov |first2=Nikolai |last2=Cheboxarov |author1-link=:ru:Зубов, Александр Александрович |pages=17–18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NfHAAAAIAAJ&q=Kudryavtsev+Anthropological+Survey+of+India |publisher=Social Sciences Today (Editorial Board) |place=Moscow, USSR |editor-first=G. |editor-last=Abramov |year=1976 |oclc=4003053 |quote=As part of this programme, a party from the USSR Academy of Sciences' Institute of Ethnography, consisting of the authors of this article and M. Kudryavtsev, a specialist in Indian ethnography, went to India in 1966. [..] The survey was supplemented by anthropological data assembled in 1964 about the Asurs, Korkus, Gondas, Pradhans, Khasis and the Hindustanis of the Lucknow area, who were studied by M. Kudryavtsev and N. Cheboxarov, with the help of the Indian anthropologist P. Gupta, during their trip to India at the invitation of the Anthropological Survey of India. The resultant data, together with the material collected previously by H. Risley, B. S. Guha, E. Eickstedt, P. C. Mahalanobis, D. N. Majumdar, C. R. Rao, P. C. Basu, S. S. Sarkar, P. S. Biswas and other anthropologists, cast fresh light on some of the problems associated with the origin and ethnic history of India's peoples.}}</ref> Earlier, he did an ethnographic study on the [[Jats]] of India.<ref>{{Cite journal |journal=Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie |title=Список Основных Работ Доктора Исторических Наук Михаила Константиновича Кудрявцева |trans-title=List of Main Works of Doctor of Historical Sciences Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev |page=166 |url=http://journal.iea.ras.ru/archive/1980s/1981/no4/1981_4_166_Spisok%20rabot%20Kudriavtsev.pdf |language=ru |year=1981 |accessdate=August 1, 2020 |publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences |place=Moscow, USSR |issn=0869-5415}}</ref>

He also studied the social history of India, including the structure of society in ancient and medieval India.<ref name="v">{{citation |title=Vostok |trans-title=East |language=ru |issue=1–3 |page=205 |author=Academy of Sciences of the USSR |journal=Vostok: Afro-Aziatskie Obščestva; Istorija i Sovremennost |publisher=Nauka |place=The USSR |year=1991 |issn=0130-6995 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zH0YAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> He concurred with [[M. N. Srinivas]]'s categorization of relationships in the Indian society in two categories — vertical (inter-caste) and horizontal (intra-caste). He was of the view that the seeds of the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] were sown nearly two millenniums ago in India. According to Kudryavtsev, "the core of the caste system, in the form of the ''[[Varna (Hinduism)|varnas]]'', took shape over 2,000 years ago — almost in the [[Vedic period]]. The caste system became increasingly sophisticated with the development of technology, the growing division of labor, and the emergence of new occupations. It thus survived through the colonial period, the expansion of capitalism, and the establishment of the Republic".<ref name="ssw2"/> He also inquired into the [[jajmani system]] as a mechanism of interaction between the communities and castes in India.<ref name="xxvi"/>

==Death==
Kudryavtsev died at the age of 81 years on 4 March 1992. He was buried at the Shuvalov cemetery in Saint Petersburg.<ref name="ru3"/>

==Works==
===Books===
*{{cite book |title=Кастовая система в Индии |trans-title=The Caste System in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJo1AAAAMAAJ |publisher=[[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka]] |place=Moscow, Russia |year=1992 |first=M. K. |last=Kudryavtsev |language=ru |isbn=978-5020171961}}
*{{cite book |title=Община и каста в Хиндустане |trans-title=Community and Caste in Hindustan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG06AQAAIAAJ |publisher=Nauka |place=Moscow, USSR |year=1971 |first=M. K. |last=Kudryavtsev |language=ru}}

===Selected papers===
*''The Indian Caste Community as a Social System''<ref name="ssw2">{{cite book |first=M. K. |last=Kudryavtsev |editor1-first=Bhabagrahi |editor1-last=Misra |editor2-first=James |editor2-last=Preston |title=Community, Self and Identity |article=The Indian Caste Community as a Social System |edition=reprint |series=World Anthropology |pages=37–44 |orig-year=First published 1978 |year=2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgDTCVW51WkC&pg=PA37 |isbn=978-3110802658 |oclc=882837173}}</ref>
*''Ethnos and Caste in the Indian Society''<ref>{{cite book |title=Ethnicity, Caste, and People: Proceedings of the Indo-Soviet Seminars held in Calcutta and Leningrad, 1990 |article=Ethnos and Caste in the Indian Society |first=M. K. |last=Kudryavtsev |editor1=Kumar Suresh Singh |editor1-link=Kumar Suresh Singh |editor2=Anthropological Survey of India |others=[[N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology|N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnography]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ-BAAAAMAAJ&q=Kudryavtsev |pages=165–169 |year=1992 |publisher=Manohar |place=New Delhi, India |isbn=978-8173040146 |oclc=165163976}}</ref>
*''The Language Problem for the Adivasis of India''<ref name="ru4">{{cite journal |journal=Страны и Народы Востока [Countries and Peoples of the East] |title=Индия — Страна и Народ |trans-title=India — Country and People |publisher=Nauka |editor=Дмитрий Алексеевич Ольдерогге [Dmitry Alexeyevich Ol'derogge] |url=http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/images/pdf/journals/SNV_14_1972_20_sakharov.pdf |place=Moscow, USSR |year=1972 |via=Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences |language=ru |accessdate=April 16, 2020}}</ref>
*''The Main Characteristics of the Village Communities of Northern India''<ref name="ru4"/>
*''On the Languages as the Media of Education in the Schools for the Scheduled Tribes in India''<ref name="ru4"/>
*''The Buddhist University in Nalanda''<ref name="ru4"/>
*''On the Role of Jats in Northern India's Ethnic History'' (1964)<ref>{{cite book |title=[[International Bibliography of the Social Sciences]] |author=International Committee for Social Science Information and Documentation |volume=11 |page=31 |year=1965 |publication-date=December 31, 1990 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0422802406}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Natalya Romanovna Guseva]]
*[[Sergei Tokarev]]
*[[Yuri Kobishchanov]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kudryavtsev, Mikhail}}
[[Category:1911 births]]

[[Category:1992 deaths]]

[[Category:Topographers]]

[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet ethnographers]]
[[Category:Soviet ethnologists]]
[[Category:Soviet Indologists]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:20th-century cartographers]]
[[Category:Soviet expatriates in India]]

Battle of Kalyani (1549)

2025-08-25T18:30:02Z

Basavaraj: new basic article needs work

{{Short description|Conflict during the Vijayanagar wars in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Second Battle of Kalyani (1549)
| partof = Deccani–Vijayanagar wars
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| date = 1549
| place = [[Basavakalyan]], [[India]]
| result = Vijayanagar–Ahmednagar victory
| territory =
| combatant1 = [[Vijayanagar Empire]] {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Bijapur Sultanate]] [[Bidar Sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Rama Raya]] [[Siege of Adavani|Venkatadri]] Sadasiva Nayaka {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} Shaik Jafar {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} Qasim Beg {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} Bhopal Rai
| commander2 = [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]{{Surrender}} Rai Chaitpal{{Executed}} [[Ali Barid Shah I]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
}}

The '''Battle of Kalyani (1549)''' was a conflict fought between the allied forces of [[Vijayanagar]] and [[Ahmednagar]] against the sultanates of [[Bidar]] and [[Bijapur]]. As the combined armies of Vijayanagar and Ahmednagar laid siege to the fort of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]], the Sultan of Bidar [[Ali Barid Shah I]] sought assistance from [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur. In response, Ibrahim marched to relieve the fort and confront the besieging forces. However, the Bijapuri forces were defeated by the allied army in a surprise attack. Following this victory, the fort of Kalyani surrendered.<ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="dps"/>

==Background==
Following the failure of his schemes during Abdulla's rebellion, [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] sought to strengthen his position by forming an alliance with [[Rama Raya]] of Vijayanagar. After the death of Asad Khan Burhan sent ambassadors bearing gifts to Rama Raya proposing a confederacy. In response Rama Raya reciprocated with gifts and assurances of friendship. However [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur alarmed by this developing alliance openly insulted the [[Vijayanagar]] ambassadors residing at his court. Their treatment was so severe that they abandoned [[Bijapur]] in anger reporting to [[Rama Raya]] that they feared for their lives had they remained any longer.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385/page/n219/mode/1up?view=theater |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |pages=200–201|publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY}}</ref><ref name="efs">{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189197/page/n86/mode/1up?view=theater |title=History Of The Rise Of The Mahomedan Power In India Vol.3 |date=1829|pages=62–63}}</ref><ref name="hps">{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |url=https://archive.org/details/socialhistoryofd0000eato/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives |date=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-25484-7|page=96}}</ref>

Outraged by the disrespect shown to his ambassadors at Bijapur, [[Rama Raya]] urged Burhan Nizam Shah to take action against [[Ali Barid Shah I]], who had aligned himself with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]. Rama Raya advised Burhan that it was an opportune moment to seize Kalyani from Ali Barid. In line with their newly formed alliance, Vijayanagar forces supported Burhan's campaign by participating in the siege of Kalyani.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="efs"/><ref name="fps">{{Cite book |last=B. G. Kunte |url=https://archive.org/details/medieval-history-of-maharashtra-bg-kunte/page/95/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Medieval History of Maharashtra (B.G. Kunte) |date=1967|page=95}}</ref><ref name="gps">{{Cite book |last=S.K. Sinha |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174781/page/n61/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Medieval History Of The Deccan |date=1968|pages=43–44}}</ref><ref name="hps"/>

==Battle==
[[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] began his campaign by laying siege to [[Sholapur]] but, acting on the advice of Rama Raya, he shifted his focus to the strategically important fort of Kalyani. The joint forces of [[Ahmadnagar]] and [[Vijayanagar]] marched on Kalyani, pressing the siege with determination. In response to the siege of Kalyani by Burhan Nizam Shah, Ibrahim Adil Shah, at the urgent request of his ally [[Ali Barid Shah I]] mobilized his forces and marched to relieve the besieged fort. When [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur attempted to relieve the fort, the allied armies defeated him, forcing him to flee the battlefield. With Ibrahim's forces in disarray, the allies successfully cut off all communications between the garrison at Kalyani and the outside world, eventually pushing the defenders to the brink of starvation.<ref name="bps">{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.118595/page/89/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Kingdom Of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |pages=89–90|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass}}</ref><ref name="cps">{{Cite book |last=Wolseley Coloneal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72241/page/n74/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The History Of The Nizam Shahi Kings Of Ahmadnagar |pages=71–73|date=1923 |location=Bombay |publisher=The British Indian Press}}</ref><ref name="dps">{{Cite book |last=Husbandmen |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.235970/page/n372/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Gazetteer Bombay Presidency Ahmadnagar |volume=i |date=1884|page=70}}</ref><ref name="efs"/><ref name="gps"/>

Determined to relieve the besieged garrison at Kalyani, [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] once again marched with his forces and set up camp within sight of the allied armies. [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] resolute in his desire to capture the fort, fortified his siege lines and pressed on with the attack. In response, Ibrahim deployed his light [[Maratha]] cavalry to disrupt the besiegers, launching swift raids that cut off the allies' supply lines. As the harassment continued, scarcity of food and resources began to take its toll, causing distress and weakening the resolve of the besieging army.<ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="efs"/>

As the siege of Kalyani dragged on and supplies dwindled, [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] convened a council of war to decide the next course of action. While some nobles advocated for lifting the siege and retreating to [[Ahmadnagar]] others, including Shaikh Jafar and Qasim Beg proposed a surprise attack on [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]'s forces. This plan was supported by [[Vijayanagar]] commander Sadasiva Nayak and Bhopal Rai, emboldened by earlier victories over the Bijapuri troops. Acting on this strategy, Saifuddin Ain-ul-Mulk led a sudden assault on the [[Bijapur]] camp, catching the enemy off guard and inflicting significant damage.<ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="efs"/><ref name="gps"/>

[[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]'s camp was thrown into chaos by a sudden attack led by Saifuddin Ain-ul-Mulk. Caught off guard while bathing, Ibrahim fled in panic towards Bid and then [[Paranda]] abandoning his camp in disarray. His army scattered in all directions, leaving behind tents, baggage, and supplies.<ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="dps"/><ref name="efs"/><ref name="fps"/><ref name="gps"/><ref name="hps"/>

Among the prisoners taken after the battle of Kalyani was Rai Chaitpal, a prominent defector who had once served [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] but later joined the service of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]. To serve as a stern warning to others who might consider treachery, Burhan ordered his execution. Rai Chaitpal was executed.<ref name="cps"/>

==Aftermath==
The defeat of Bijapuri army struck fear into the commandant of Kalyani who, realizing the hopelessness of his situation, sent a plea to [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]. In exchange for the safety of his life and property, he agreed to surrender the fort. Burhan accepted the terms, securing a significant victory for Allied Army.<ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="efs"/>
==See also==
* [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
* [[Bijapur Sultanate]]
* [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
[[Category:Battles involving Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1549]]

Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant

2025-08-15T12:40:25Z

Basavaraj:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant
| name_official = രാജീവ് ഗാന്ധി സംയുക്ത സൈക്കിൾ പവർ പ്ലാൻ്റ്
| image = Power plant.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption = Location of the Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant in Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|9|14|20|N|76|25|49|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| country = India
| location = Choolatheruvu, [[Muthukulam]], [[Haripad]], [[Alappuzha district]], [[Kerala]].
| status = O
| construction_began =
| commissioned = Unit 1: November 1998 Unit 2: February 1999 Unit 3: October 1999
| decommissioned =
| cost = A lot
| owner = Government of India
| operator = [[NTPC Limited]]
| th_fuel_primary = [[Naphtha]]
| th_fuel_tertiary =
| ps_units_operational = 2 X 115 MW 1 X 120 MW
| ps_units_manu_model =
| th_cogeneration =
| th_combined_cycle =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 350 1,400 MW (Planned)
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| website =
| extra =
}}
The '''Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Plant''' or Haripad Thermal Power Plant (also known as '''Rajiv Gandhi CCPP)''' is a [[combined cycle]] power plant located at shore of [[Kayamkulam Kayal|Kayamkulam Lake]] in [[Haripad]] which is [[Alappuzha district]], [[Kerala]], India. The power plant is owned by [[NTPC Limited]]. The power plant is fueled by imported and indigenous [[naphtha]]. Source of the cooling water is Achankovil river at Nalukettumkavala in Pallipad.

== Capacity ==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Stage !! Unit Number !! Installed Capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Date of Commissioning !! [[Gas Turbine|GT]] / [[Steam Turbine|ST]]
|-
| 1st || 1 || 115 || 1998 November || GT
|-
| 1st || 2 || 115 || 1999 February || GT
|-
| 1st || 3 || 120 || 1999 October || ST
|-
|'''Total'''|| Three || '''350''' || ||
|}

There is a plan to expand the plant by three units with capacity of 350 MW each. New units would be fueled by re-gasified [[liquefied natural gas]].<ref name=monitor>
{{cite news
|url= http://industrymonitor.in/energy/2010/08/rajiv-gandhi-combined-cycle-power-project-updates/
|title= 2Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Project – Updates
|work = Industry Monitor Energy
|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
</ref>
<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ntpc-turns-to-lng-for-power-generation/article5861719.ece | title= NTPC turns to LNG for power generation | date=2 April 2014 | first=R. Ramabhadran | last=Pillai | accessdate=1 September 2019 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[NTPC Haripad Floating Solar Power Plant]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://ntpc.co.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=314&Itemid=84&lang=en NTPC Kayamkulam]

{{NTPC Power Stations}}
{{Power Plants of Kerala}}

[[Category:Oil-fired power stations in Kerala]]
[[Category:Natural gas-fired power stations in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1999]]

Rasna (drink)

2025-08-09T15:02:20Z

Basavaraj: put up new stub!

{{short description|Indian soft drink concentrate}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox beverage
| name = Rasna Private Limited
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Drink mix]]
| manufacturer = Pioma Industries Limited
| distributor = Rasna International
| origin = [[India]]
| region = [[Asia]]
| introduced = 1976 ; 48 years ago<ref name=Tata>{{cite book |last=D'Souza |first=Kruti Shah, Alan |title=Advertising and Promotions: An IMC Perspective |year=2009 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill |location=New Delhi |isbn=9780070080317 |pages=600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJuORU5NhQUC&q=rasna}}</ref>
| flavor = *Mango
*Oranage
*Litchi
*Guava
| variants = *Rasna Ready to mix drink
*Rasna Honey
*Rasna Peanut Butter
*Rasna Soft Drink
*Rasna Health Drink
*Rasna Chyawanprash
| website = https://rasnainternational.com/
}}

'''Rasna''' is an Indian brand of [[soft drink]] concentrate owned by ''Pioma Industries'', headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]], India.<ref name=rediff04>{{cite news|title=Rasna plans to enter soft drink market|url=http://rediff.com/money/2004/oct/01rasna.htm|accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[Rediff.com]]|date=1 October 2004}}</ref> It was introduced in the mid-1970s and gained significant popularity during the 1980s, a period when the Indian soft drink market was dominated by carbonated beverages such as [[Thums Up]], [[Gold Spot]], and [[Limca]].<ref name=et11>{{cite news|title=Rasna's journey: Moving from children's drink to keep its communication fresh and in-tune|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-13/news/29413727_1_rasna-piruz-khambatta-drink-brands|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509075521/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-13/news/29413727_1_rasna-piruz-khambatta-drink-brands|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2013|accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=13 April 2011}}</ref>

As of 2009, Rasna held a 93% market share in the soft drink concentrate segment in India.<ref name=thbl09>{{cite news|title=Rasna's CSR trust ties up with US varsity for management courses|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-economy/article1044671.ece?ref=archive|accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|location=Chennai|date=18 March 2009}}</ref> By 2011, the company reported a turnover of {{INRConvert|3.5|b}}.<ref name=etmar12>{{cite news|title=Rasna to aggressively mine hinterland, sees 40% volume uptick|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/food/rasna-to-aggressively-mine-hinterland-sees-40-volume-uptick/articleshow/12218220.cms |accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=11 March 2012}}</ref>

In addition to its widespread consumption as a children's drink, Rasna has diversified into experiential retail with the launch of over 40 non-alcoholic beverage bars across India under the brand name ''Rasna Buzz''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|title=Covid derailed investment, expansion plans: Rasna|url=https://telanganatoday.com/covid-derailed-investment-expansion-plans-rasna|access-date=2021-07-25|website=Telangana Today|date=9 May 2021}}</ref> These outlets cater to younger demographics and offer a range of drinks including soda-based beverages, milkshakes, sundaes, and themed mocktails such as Mirchi Mango, Masala Orange, Minty Jeera Lemonade, and Kala Khatta Buzz. The menu also features Indian snacks like [[idli]], [[batata vada]], as well as Western fast food items including burgers, [[pasta]], [[Momo (food)|momos]], and French fries. The first Rasna Buzz outlet opened in Pune in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-12|title=Rasna Buzz marks brand's entry into non-alcoholic bar business|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/rasna-buzz-marks-brands-entry-into-non-alcoholic-bar-business/1604671/|access-date=2021-07-25|website=The Financial Express}}</ref>

==Facilities and products==
Though the company does most of its business in India where it has five manufacturing facilities in [[Gujarat]] and one in [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name=tfe04>{{cite news|title=Rasna Plans Exports to US, UK, Africa|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/rasna-plans-exports-to-us-uk-africa/106854/0|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |location=[[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India |date=27 May 2004}}</ref> it has manufacturing facilities outside India in [[Bangladesh]], [[Dubai]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Egypt]].<ref name=et08>{{cite news|title=Rasna to set up new facilities abroad|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-03-20/news/28404864_1_rasna-s-chairman-manufacturing-new-facilities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527064520/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-03-20/news/28404864_1_rasna-s-chairman-manufacturing-new-facilities|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2013|accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |location=Mumbai, India |date=20 March 2008}}</ref> The company manufactures soft drink concentrate in 11 different flavours.<ref name=tfe04/> In India, Rasna earns most of its profits from the soft drink concentrate market though it makes [[Jam|fruit jams]], [[Squash (drink)|fruit cordials]], teas, [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]], [[chutney]]s, ready-to-eat curries, and snacks, majority of which are exported.<ref name=etmar12/>

In 2000, Rasna launched an aerated fruit drink, Oranjolt.<ref name=rs05>{{cite book|last=Saxena|first=Rajan|title=Marketing Management|year=2005|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=007059953X|pages=721}}</ref> The venture failed, which was attributed to the fact that the drink needed to be refrigerated at all times and many retailers in India switch off their refrigerators at night.<ref name=mh05>{{cite book|last=Haig|first=Matt|title=Brand failures: the truth about the 100 biggest branding mistakes of all time|url=https://archive.org/details/brandfailurestru00haig_761|url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=Kogan Page Publishers|isbn=0749444339|pages=[https://archive.org/details/brandfailurestru00haig_761/page/n64 55], 56}}</ref> The company launched juice products in the market in 2002<ref name=toi02>{{cite news|title=Rasna turns a new leaf, adds juice to products|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/rasna-turns-a-new-leaf-adds-juice-to-products/articleshow/550545051.cms|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 January 2002}}</ref> and in 2010, it announced that it was entering the health drinks segment.<ref name=etaug10>{{cite news|title=Rasna to enter health drinks segment|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-30/news/27589872_1_rural-markets-rasna-pvt-ltd-chairman-new-product|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103152107/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-30/news/27589872_1_rural-markets-rasna-pvt-ltd-chairman-new-product|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=30 August 2010}}</ref>

==Advertising==

The company has used national television as a mode of advertising its products since the 1980s.<ref name=et11/> Its tagline "I love you Rasna" is aimed at children.<ref name=et11/> In the original ad campaign, the Rasna girl was played by [[Ankitha|Ankita Jhaveri]], now an actress in South India while the latest one, Avan Khambatta is from the Khambatta family which owns the company.<ref name=dnaf12>{{cite news|title=Piruz Khambatta's daughter to say, I love you Rasna!|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_piruz-khambatta-s-daughter-to-say-i-love-you-rasna_1655680|accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=27 February 2012}}</ref> Rasna's distribution was initially taken up by [[Voltas]] and after two years of handling, Khambhatta decided to withdraw and approached Rallis and Corn products (now known as Bestfoods and owned by [[Unilever]]).<ref name=Basiya>{{cite book|last=Baisya|first=Rajat Kanti|title=Changing face of processed food industry in India|year=2008|publisher=Ane Books India|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788180521669|pages=31|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eZTBdbeevokC}}</ref> However, since that did not materialise, Pioma Industries set up its own distribution infrastructure.<ref name=Praeger>{{cite book |editor-last=Davila |editor-first=Tony |title=The Creative Enterprise: Strategy |year=2007 |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.] |isbn=9780275986865|pages=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuSrQ2hEIO8C |editor2=Epstein, Marc J. |editor3=Shelton, Robert}}</ref> Their brand advertising was managed by [[Mudra Communications Limited|Mudra Communications]] between 1984 and 2005, [[Dentsu]] between 2005 and 2009 and from 2009 onwards by [[Rediffusion]].<ref name=et11/> In the past, [[Karisma Kapoor]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Kapil Dev]], [[Virender Sehwag]] and [[Genelia D'Souza]] have been Rasna's brand ambassadors.<ref name=toi12>{{cite news|title=Celebs 'ad' glamour to Gujarat brands|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-21/ahmedabad/31082673_1_rasna-piruz-khambatta-brand-ambassador|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613011844/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-21/ahmedabad/31082673_1_rasna-piruz-khambatta-brand-ambassador|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2013|accessdate=11 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 February 2012}}</ref> Currently, Rasna's brand ambassador is [[Akshay Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/akshay-kumar-signed-as-brand-ambassador-of-rasna/|title=Akshay Kumar signed as brand ambassador of Rasna|date=9 March 2015}}</ref> As part as a promotional campaign featuring then [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]], [[Pooja Chopra]], Rasna made an attempt to break the [[Guinness World Record]] for the "world's biggest glass" in 2009.<ref name=toi09>{{cite news|title='World's biggest glass' unveiled|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-29/delhi/28158739_1_piruz-khambatta-rasna-private-limited-biggest-glass|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401071405/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-29/delhi/28158739_1_piruz-khambatta-rasna-private-limited-biggest-glass|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 April 2012|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 May 2009}}</ref><ref name=thm09>{{cite news|title=Rasna carnival under way|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2009/05/29/stories/2009052950961100.htm|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 May 2009}}</ref>

==Competition and failed acquisitions==

[[Kraft Foods]], which markets soft drink concentrate under the [[Tang (drink)|Tang]] brand internationally, entered India in 2001 by setting up a manufacturing facility in [[Hyderabad]]. By 2003, tough competition from Rasna among other brands forced Kraft to shut its plant in India. At the time Rasna was said to be interested in purchasing the plant.<ref name=tfe03>{{cite news|title=Kraft Foods' Tang Plant Up For Sale|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/kraft-foods-tang-plant-up-for-sale/77480/0|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=22 March 2003}}</ref> However, the plant was not sold and restarted manufacturing Tang when it was taken over by [[Cadburys]] in 2010 as part of its global buyout by Kraft Foods.<ref name=thbln10>{{cite news|title=Cadbury to make Tang in India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/article894195.ece|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|location=Chennai|date=18 November 2010}}</ref> Rasna made another attempt at acquisition in 2003 itself, when it attempted to buy ''Brown & Polson'' and ''Rex Jelly'' brands from [[Hindustan Lever]].<ref name=tfeaug03>{{cite news|title=HLL Drops Plan To Sell Rex, Brown & Polson Brands|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/hll-drops-plan-to-sell-rex-brown-&-polson-brands/87793/0|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=1 August 2003}}</ref> According to ''Piruz Khambatta'', chairman and managing director of Rasna, the deal offered was a licensing deal rather than an outright buyout, hence it fell through.<ref name=et06>{{cite news|title=Rasna in outsourcing talks with Carrefour|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rasna-in-outsourcing-talks-with-carrefour/articleshow/459581.cms|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=16 November 2006}}</ref> India was the first market where [[Coca-Cola]] launched its soft drink concentrate brand, [[Sunfill]].<ref name=th01>{{cite news|title=Coca-Cola introduces powdered concentrate|url=http://www.hindu.com/businessline/catalyst/2001/11/22/stories/1922l051.htm|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 November 2001}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This brand too did not do well and was withdrawn in 2004, failing to break Rasna's monopoly in the segment.<ref name=tfenov04>{{cite news|title=Sunfill on backburner, Vanilla Coke moves slowly|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/sunfill-on-backburner-vanilla-coke-moves-slowly/120162/0|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=23 November 2004}}</ref> Like Tang, Sunfill too has been recently relaunched in India, in 2011.<ref name=fnb11>{{cite news|title=New players eyeing Rs 300 cr powdered beverage market|url=http://www.fnbnews.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=29715&sectionid=1|accessdate=12 March 2012|newspaper=FNBNews.com|date=25 April 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.rasnainternational.com/}}
* [http://www.itqi.com/ International Taste and Quality Institute]

[[Category:Indian drink brands]]
[[Category:Powdered drink mixes]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1976]]
[[Category:Soft drinks]]

Karapuzha Dam

2025-07-17T20:56:27Z

Basavaraj: fixed formatting further and corrected details

{{Short description|Dam in Wayanad, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Karapuzha Dam
| name_official = Karapuzha Dam
| image = Karappuzha Dam.JPG
| image_size =
| image_caption = Upstream face of the dam
| image_alt =
| location_map = India#India Kerala#India Karnataka#India Tamil Nadu
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11|37|03.13|N|76|10|19.34|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| location = [[Wayanad]], [[Kerala]]
| purpose = Irrigation
| status = O
| construction_began = {{start date and age|1977}}
| opening = {{start date and age|2004}}
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner =
| dam_type = Embankment, earth-fill
| dam_height = {{Convert|28|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_height_thalweg =
| dam_height_foundation=
| dam_length = {{Convert|625|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_width_base =
| dam_volume =
| dam_elevation_crest =
| dam_crosses = Karapuzha River
| spillway_count =
| spillway_type = Ogee, [[radial gate]]-controlled
| spillway_capacity = {{Convert|969|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=National Register of Large Dams - 2009 (India) |url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |publisher=Dam Safety Organization of the States |access-date=11 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{Convert|76500000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_capacity_active = {{Convert|72000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_capacity_inactive= {{Convert|4,500,000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{Convert|8.55|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}
| res_elevation = {{Convert|763|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_max_depth =
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type =
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| website =
| extra =
}}
'''Karapuzha Dam''' located in the [[Wayanad]] district of [[Kerala]], Karapuzha Dam is located in the greenish and natural regions of [[Wayanad]], [[Kerala]] on the Karapuzha River, a tributary of the [[Kabini River]]. Construction on the dam began in 1977 and it was complete in 2004. The purpose of the dam is irrigation and it left and right bank canals are still under construction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Water Resources - Karapuzha Irrigation Project|url=http://www.wyd.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86:water-resources&catid=25:mainmenu&Itemid=60|publisher=Kerala Government|access-date=6 March 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103823/http://www.wyd.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86:water-resources&catid=25:mainmenu&Itemid=60|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=KARAPUZHA IRRIGATION PROJECT|url=http://www.irrigation.kerala.gov.in/pjt_&_pgm/Karapuzha.php|publisher=Dept. of Irrigation, Kerala Govt}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Lake of Karapuzha Dam.jpeg|A view of Karapuzha Dam River
Karapuzha Dam7.JPG|A view of Karapuzha Dam Shutters
Karapuzha DamA1.JPG|A view of Karapuzha Dam
Karapuzha Tourism Project.jpg|Karapuzha Tourism Project
Karapuzha Tourism Project Entrance.jpg|The Entrance View
Karapuzha Tourism Project Human Slingshot.jpg|Human Slingshot at Karapuzha Tourism Project, Wayanad
Karapuzha Dam Adventure Park and Garden, Kalpetta (70).jpg|view point at karapuzha
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Karapuzha Dam}}

{{Dams in Kerala}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Wayanad}}
[[Category:Dams completed in 2004]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Earth-filled dams]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Geography of Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Dams in Wayanad district]]

C. Rudraiah

2025-05-19T16:34:35Z

Basavaraj: improved article

{{Short description|Indian film director (1947–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2010}}
{{Indian name|Rudraiah|Chockalingam}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rudraiah
| image = C.RudhraiyaImg.jpg
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Rudraiah Chockalingam
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|7|25|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|11|18|1947|7|25|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| birth_place = [[Attur, Salem|Attur]], [[Salem district]], [[Madras Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| occupation = Director, producer
| yearsactive = 1978–1980
| spouse =
| father = Chockalingam
| othername = Arumugam (Arukutty)|
}}

'''Rudraiah Chockalingam''' ({{circa|25 July 1947}} – 18 November 2014) was an Indian [[film director]] most known for directing the film, ''[[Aval Appadithan]]'' (1978) which starred [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Sripriya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilscreen.com/rudraiah-director-news/|title='அவள் அப்படித்தான்' படத்தின் இயக்குநர் ருத்ரையா காலமானார்...! - Tamilscreen|website=tamilscreen.com|access-date=19 November 2014|archive-date=21 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121192322/http://tamilscreen.com/rudraiah-director-news/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/aval-appadithaan-rudraiyya-passes-away.html|title=A milestone director for Rajini - Kamal passes away ...|language=ta|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref><ref name=Cr>{{cite news |last1=Rangan |first1=Baradwaj |title=C Rudraiah - Lights, camera, conversation...Two-film wonder |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lights-camera-conversationtwofilm-wonder/article6643881.ece |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 November 2020}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born the son of Chockalingam on 25 July 1947 in [[Attur, Salem|Attur]], a town in [[Salem district]], present-day [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-20 |title=கடலில் கலந்த புதுப்புனல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/opinion/columns/23368-.html |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

==Career==
He graduated with a [[bachelor's degree]] in economics from [[St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirapalli]] and went on to pursue a diploma in film direction from [[Film and Television Institute of Tamil Nadu]], [[Chennai]]. His directorial debut ''Aval Appadithan'' 'made an impact at the time of its release because its story and dialogues were different from many other [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. The photography throughout the film emphasises moods by using shadows, and close-up shots are used extensively. [[Jump cut]]s are also common throughout the film. ''Aval Appadithan'' is considered as a [[milestone]] in Tamil film history. Indian filmmaker [[Mrinal Sen]] remarked that the film "was far ahead of the times". Rudraiah's second film, ''[[Gramathu Athiyayam]]'' (1980) was a rural tale set in a rustic Tamil village.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rudraiah |first1=Ganga |title=Rudraiah, my father |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Rudraiah-my-father/article16657273.ece |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 November 2016}}</ref> In 1978, he began a project ''Yaaro Paarkirargal'', based on a novel by Sujatha featuring Kamal Haasan, Seema and Saritha despite a song being recorded, it was shelved.<ref>{{cite news|title=ருத்ரைய்யா டைரக்ஷனில் யாரோ பார்க்கிறார்கள்|newspaper=Anna|language=ta|url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-3-115|date=11 February 1979|access-date=19 May 2025|via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

Despite the success of his first film, Rudraiah found it difficult to continue making films as a result of the changing style of the film industry and the audience's preference for star-driven projects.<ref name="br">{{cite web|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2014/11/28/lights-camera-conversation-two-film-wonder/|title=Lights, Camera, Conversation… "Two-film wonder"|date=28 November 2014}}</ref> In 1982, he began a venture titled ''Raja Ennai Mannithuvidu'' featuring [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Chandrahasan]], [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] and [[Sumalatha]], which dealt with conflicts between two brothers. The film was shot simultaneously in Telugu and was 40% complete, when Kamal Haasan pulled out citing he wanted to work on scripts with more star value, and the film eventually was thereafter shelved. The songs recorded for the film by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] were later used in other ventures.<ref name="br"/>

Rudraiah then announced another film titled ''Unmayai Thedi'' which also failed to materialise, before he began work on the road movie, ''TXT7'' in 1988. Written by [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]], the team signed on [[Raghuvaran]] to play the lead role of a taxi driver and [[L. Vaidyanathan]] to compose music. However financial problems meant that the film was soon after indefinitely postponed. The failure for his own productions to take off meant that by 1990, Rudraiah was open to directing films for other producers and began work on a tragic love story titled ''Kadalpurathil'' featuring [[Archana (actress)|Archana]]. Soon after production began, the makers decided to change the lead actress and create it as a television film instead, and it was later premièred on [[Doordarshan]].<ref name="br"/>

==Death==
Rudraiah died in Chennai on 18 November 2014 at the age of 67 after an illness.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/tamil-film-director-rudraiyaa-passes-away/article6613655.ece|title=Tamil film director Rudhraiah passes away|date=19 November 2014|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''[[Aval Appadithan]]'' (1978)
*''[[Gramathu Athiyayam]]'' (1980)

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0788152|C.Rudhraiya}}
*[https://www.thehindu.com/thread/reflections/article9357726.ece An Outsider who saw within] - Ganga Rudraiah (The Hindu, 2016 Nov 19)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rudraiah, C.}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Salem district]]
[[Category:St Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli alumni]]
[[Category:Artists from Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]

Orthaga aenescens

2025-05-16T04:04:44Z

Basavaraj: put up new post!

{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Orthaga aenescens
| authority = ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1888)
| synonyms =
*''Pannucha vicinalis'' Snellen, 1890
*''Pannucha aenescens'' Moore, 1888
}}
'''''Orthaga aenescens''''' is a species of [[Pyralidae|snout moth]] in the genus ''[[Orthaga]]''. It is known from [[India]] (including [[Darjiling]] and [[Sikkim]]).

This species is olive-green, irrorated with black and has a wingspan of 30–32 mm.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40410394#page/159/mode/1up Hampson, 1892. Moths. p.127]</ref>

==Biology==
Known host-plants of this species are ''[[Litsea glutinosa]]'' and ''[[Cinnamomum]] sp.'' ([[Lauraceae]]).<ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/hostplants/search/list.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&Familyqtype=starts+with&Family=&PFamilyqtype=starts+with&PFamily=&Genusqtype=starts+with&Genus=Orthaga&PGenusqtype=starts+with&PGenus=&Speciesqtype=starts+with&Species=aenescens&PSpeciesqtype=starts+with&PSpecies=&Country=&sort=Family nhm.ac.uk Caterpillar Host-Plant Database]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7104322}}

[[Category:Moths described in 1888]]
[[Category:Epipaschiinae]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]

{{Epipaschiinae-stub}}

Jagatpur, Ahmedabad

2025-04-28T10:58:51Z

Basavaraj: Creating some info basic info - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jagatpur
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Gujarat
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Ahmedabad
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Ahmedabad
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 382470
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank_info_sec1 = Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
}}

'''Jagatpur''' is a neighbourhood in the [[Ahmedabad district]] of [[Gujarat]], India, forming a part of the [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]. It is an emerging residential and commercial hub, reflecting the rapid urbanization of Ahmedabad's outskirts.
==Geography==
Jagatpur is located in the northern part of Ahmedabad, characterized by its developing infrastructure and proximity to major areas within the city. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagatpur rly overbridge to open on June 20 |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/jagatpur-rly-overbridge-to-open-on-june-20/81858394.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

==Economy==
The economy of Jagatpur is growing, with various commercial projects and residential developments contributing to the local economy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Pillar Placement, BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir |url=https://www.baps.org/News/2022/First-Pillar-Placement-BAPS-Shri-Swaminarayan-Mandir-21564.aspx |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=BAPS |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transport==
Jagatpur enjoys connectivity to the rest of Ahmedabad through a network of major roads, public transportation options, and its proximity to key transit points. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-02 |title=Ahmedabad's first railway overbridge built in PPP mode to open by June 22 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/citys-first-railway-overbridge-built-in-ppp-mode-to-open-by-june-22/articleshow/100691457.cms |access-date=2024-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Gota, Gujarat]]
* [[Ahmedabad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/index.jsp Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710014510/https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/index.jsp |date=2020-07-10 }}

{{Ahmedabad|state=autocollapse}}

{{coord|23|06|44|N|72|32|39|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ahmedabad district]]

{{Ahmedabad-geo-stub}}

List of female Indian governors and lieutenant governors

2024-06-29T20:44:10Z

Basavaraj: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of female governors in India]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Badshahpur, Mainpuri

2024-03-09T21:36:40Z

Basavaraj: new a stub w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{other uses|Badshahpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Badshahpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.24801|N|78.75845|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.944
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1872
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 205121
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Badshahpur''' ({{IAST|Bādśāhpur}}) is a village in [[Ghiror]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,872, in 330 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Badshahpur had a population of 1,872, in 330 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|73}} This population was 53.8% male (1,007) and 46.2% female (865). The 0-6 age group numbered 270 (149 male and 121 female), or 14.4% of the total population. 850 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 45.4% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|64–5}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Badshahpur as having a population of 1,312 people, in 247 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|128–9}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Badshahpur as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 1,145 people (591 male and 554 female), in 199 households and 146 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,200 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|lxx}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Badshahpur had 2 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|73–8}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

2023–24 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group C

2024-01-27T18:11:49Z

Basavaraj: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[2023–24 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Kateha

2023-06-17T17:17:14Z

Basavaraj: Creating a post initial version

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kateha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Salon block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Kateha (#473) in Salon CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.033787|N|81.431363|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title="Geonames Search"}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country India
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.959
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1795
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kateha''' is a village in [[Salon, India|Salon]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=427–51 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> It is located 30 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, Kateha has a population of 1,795 people, in 292 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Kateha (as "Kateh") as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 411 people (173 male and 238 female), in 78 households and 73 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=cx-cxi of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 498 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Kateha (as "Kateh") as having a population of 801 people, in 180 households, and having an area of 201.53 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=224–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

{{Raebareli-geo-stub}}

Narendra Nath (tennis)

2022-12-25T12:31:08Z

Basavaraj: Starting A Data Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian tennis player}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
| name = Narendra Nath
| image =
| fullname =
| country_represented = {{IND}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|05|05|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1999|08|25|1922|05|05|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| height =
| plays = Right-handed
| careerprizemoney =
| singlesrecord =
| singlestitles =
| highestsinglesranking =
| FrenchOpenresult = 2R ([[1948 French Championships – Men's singles|1948]])
| Wimbledonresult = 3R ([[1948 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1948]], [[1950 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1950]])
| WimbledonDoublesresult = QF ([[1953 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles|1953]])
}}
'''Narendra Nath''' (5 May 1922 — 25 August 1999) was an Indian [[tennis]] player.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Tennis Ranking |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19461011/129/0008 |work=[[Civil and Military Gazette]] |date=11 October 1946}}</ref>

Nath, an All-India hard court champion from [[Lahore]], competed on tour in the 1940s and 1950s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Narendra Nath's Victory In Bombay |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19470213/162/0010 |work=Civil and Military Gazette |date=13 February 1947}}</ref>

In 1950 he won the [[Surrey Championships]], beating reigning champion [[Czesław Spychała]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nath of India Wins Grass Court Tourney |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/139252041 |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |date=4 June 1950}}</ref>

Nath made the singles third round at [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] twice and was a men's doubles quarter-finalist with countryman [[Naresh Kumar (tennis)|Naresh Kumar]] in 1953. He was subsequently picked to partner Naresh Kumar in doubles for the [[1954 Davis Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indians Win |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/530800328 |work=[[The Scranton Times-Tribune|The Tribune]] |date=17 May 1954}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of India Davis Cup team representatives]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ATP|n800}}
* {{Davis Cup player|800172649}}
* {{ITF profile|narendra-nath/800172649/ind}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nath, Narendra}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Tennis players from Lahore]]

Ghair Khanooni

2022-10-25T11:02:00Z

Basavaraj: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Gair Kanooni]]

Operation dhritrashtra

2022-10-04T17:15:43Z

Basavaraj: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Salman Khurshid#Operation dhritrashtra]]

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BSEB

2022-10-02T14:15:51Z

Basavaraj: new initial stub first draft

'''BSEB''' or '''bseb''' may refer to:

*[[Bihar School Examination Board]]
*Bihar State Electricity Board, former name of [[Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited]]

{{Dab}}