Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Vijayapura, town

2026-05-08T17:15:23Z

BanglaBlog: adding the place w/ infobox

{{about|the town in Karnataka|the city known officially as "Vijayapura"|Bijapur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vijayapur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.29|N|77.8|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru North district|Bengaluru North]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 883
| population_total = 34,866
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=670772 |title=Census of India: Search Details |access-date=12 May 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=670772 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]s
| postal_code = 586101 to 586217<ref>{{cite web|title=Vijayapura PIN Codes|url=https://postalcodes.azinfoportal.com/india/karnataka/vijayapura|website=postalcodes.azinfoportal.com|accessdate=18 March 2024}}</ref>
| registration_plate = KA
| website = {{URL|vijayapuratown.mrc.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Vijayapur''' is a town in [[Devanahalli]] taluk and [[Bengaluru North district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]]. Vijayapura's old name is Vadigenahalli. Local villagers still refer Vijayapura as Vadigenahalli.

== Climate ==
Vijayapura is ranked among top 10 Indian cities with the cleanest air and best [[Air quality index|AQI]] (Air Quality Index) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Cherry |date=21 November 2024 |title=India’s top 10 cities with the best air quality in 2024: Global cities’ AQI insights revealed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/top-10-listing/top-10-indian-cities-with-best-air-quality-index-aqi-2024-9680798/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref>

==Geography==
Vijayapura is located at {{Coord|13.29|N|77.8|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Vijayapura.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Vijayapura, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 883 [[metre]]s (2896 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Vijayapura had a population of 29,458. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Vijayapura has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 59%. In Vijayapura, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Vijayapur was formerly known as Vadagenhalli, a corrupt form of veda-gaana-halli .
==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bangalore Rural district]]

{{BengaluruNorth-geo-stub}}

Saif Ali Khan filmography

2026-05-06T09:26:24Z

BanglaBlog: adding first bio v1

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
[[File:Saif at Chef event.jpg|thumb|upright=1|alt=An image of Saif Ali Khan.|Khan in 2017]]
[[Saif Ali Khan]] is an Indian actor who works in Indian films. He made his debut with a leading role in the drama ''[[Parampara (1993 film)|Parampara]]'' (1993) and then starred in ''[[Aashik Awara]]'' (1993). The latter earned him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]], but failed to do well commercially, as did his next three releases–''Parampara'' (1993), ''[[Pehchaan (1993 film)|Pehchaan]]'' (1993), and ''[[Imtihaan]]'' (1994).<ref name=bo>{{cite web|title=Saif Ali Khan filmography|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/saifalikhan.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205061911/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/saifalikhan.htm|archive-date=5 December 2006 |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=26 January 2007}}</ref><ref name="Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10928/index.html|title=Saif Ali Khan: Awards & Nominations|access-date=30 August 2016|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804150216/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10928/index.html|archive-date=4 August 2011}}</ref> Later in 1994, Khan played supporting roles alongside [[Akshay Kumar]] in two of the [[List of Bollywood films of 1994#Highest-grossing films|highest-grossing films of the year]]–the romance ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'' and the action drama ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]''. For his performance in the latter, he was nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. This success was followed by a series of commercial failures, leading to a setback in Khan's career.<ref name="Awards"/><ref name=bo/><ref name=safe>{{cite news|title=Playing Saif|date=24 May 2008|access-date=21 July 2009|author=Bose, Derek|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080524/saturday/main1.htm|work=The Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024100955/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080524/saturday/main1.htm|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>

Khan played the second lead in [[Milan Luthria]]'s action thriller ''[[Kachche Dhaage]]'' (1999) and ''[[Aarzoo]]'' (1999) which was his first commercial success since ''Main Khiladi Tu Anari'';<ref name="BO 1999">{{cite web|title=Top India Total Nett Gross 1999|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Years/year_gross_boxoffice/1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828013058/http://boxofficeindia.com/Years/year_gross_boxoffice/1999|archive-date=28 August 2015|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref> it also earned him another nomination for Best Supporting Actor at Filmfare.<ref name="Awards"/> Also that year, he starred in the ensemble drama ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]''–the highest-grossing film of the year. In 2000, Khan starred in the drama ''[[Kya Kehna]]'', which marked his first of many collaborations with actress [[Preity Zinta]]. In 2001, he played alongside [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Akshaye Khanna]] in [[Farhan Akhtar]]'s [[Coming-of-age story|coming of age]] drama ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]'', which earned him his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Filmfare Award for Best Comedian]]. It brought a change in his approach and established him as a serious actor.<ref name=safe/><ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|title=Dil Chahta Hai Review|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54493|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=6 August 2001|access-date=26 January 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116062501/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54493|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Khan featured in [[Nikhil Advani]]'s romantic drama ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003), which became the second highest-grossing film of the year and earned him his second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.<ref name=bo/><ref name="Awards"/> In 2004, he played a manipulative pimp in the thriller ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'' and a cartoonist in the romantic comedy ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kalla, Avinash|date=25 January 2004|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040125/spectrum/main6.htm|title=A Sa(i)f bet|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=2 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903192029/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040125/spectrum/main6.htm|archive-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> His performance in the latter earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] and a second Filmfare Award for Best Comedian.<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm52NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=52NFA.pdf |title=Award for the Best Actor |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=30 July 2011 |page=28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928072807/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm52NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=52NFA.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> The following year, Khan reunited with Zinta in the romantic comedy ''[[Salaam Namaste]]'' (2005) and received his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] nomination at Filmfare for portraying a passionate musician in the musical romance ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'' (2005).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/yearend/2005/dec/22yend2.htm|title=Ten best Bollywood actors of 2005|author=Kulkarni, Ronjita|date=22 December 2005|work=Rediff.com|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009181037/http://www.rediff.com/yearend/2005/dec/22yend2.htm|archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref>

In 2006, Khan portrayed a character loosely based on [[William Shakespeare]]'s antagonist [[Iago]] in [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]'s crime drama ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]'', for which he received widespread praise as well as the [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Filmfare Award for Best Villain]].<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-510-955.html|title=Filmfare – 80 Iconic Performances 5/10|access-date=2 October 2011|journal=[[Filmfare]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407062344/http://filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-510-955.html|archive-date=7 April 2011}}</ref> Later in his career, Khan starred in his four greatest commercial successes–the action thriller ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' (2008), the romance ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2009), the romantic comedy ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]'' (2012), and the action sequel ''[[Race 2]]'' (2013)–all of which were among the top-grossing films of their respective years.<ref name=bo/> In 2018, he began starring as a troubled policeman in the [[Netflix]] thriller series ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]''.<ref name=sacred>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/sacred-games-2-premieres-15-august-netflix-confirms-1562655153369.html|title=Sacred Games 2 premieres 15 August, to star Kalki Koechlin, Ranvir Shorey|work=Mint|date=9 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> Apart from acting, Khan has hosted several [[Filmfare Award]] ceremonies.

==Film==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable style="width: 100%; text-align: center;
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |1993
|scope="row" | ''[[Parampara (1993 film)|Parampara]]''
|Pratab Prithvi Singh
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Parampara (1993) Full Hindi Movie: Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Vinod Khanna, Raveena Tandon |publisher=Goldmines Hindi |date=8 September 2018 |work=YouTube |location=India}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" |''[[Aashik Awara]]''
|Jai (Jimmy aka Rakesh Rajpal){{efn|name=two|Khan played a single character who has two different names.}}
| {{won}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533257 |title=Aashiq Awara (1993) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193346/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533257/ |archive-date=19 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Awards"/>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Pehla Nasha]]''
|Himself
| Special appearance
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Blast from the Past: Shah Rukh, Aamir and Saif worked in a film together, here's video proof! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-blast-from-the-past-shah-rukh-aamir-and-saif-worked-in-a-film-together-here-s-video-proof-2246057 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=17 August 2016|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000341/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-blast-from-the-past-shah-rukh-aamir-and-saif-worked-in-a-film-together-here-s-video-proof-2246057|archive-date=6 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Pehchaan (1993 film)|Pehchaan]]''
|Karan Verma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540174 |title=Pehchan (1993) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421165653/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540174/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |1994
|scope="row" | ''[[Imtihaan]]''
| Vicky
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hotstar.com/movies/imtihaan/1000105564 |title=Imtihaan |publisher=Hotstar |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006001840/https://www.hotstar.com/movies/imtihaan/1000105564 |archive-date=6 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]''
|Vikram "Vicky" Saigal {{efn|name=character|Khan played a single character with two or more names.}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Yeh-Dillagi-Akshay-Kumar/dp/B018MSRNVU |title=Yeh Dillagi (1994) |publisher=Amazon |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509015650/http://www.amazon.com/Yeh-Dillagi-Akshay-Kumar/dp/B018MSRNVU |archive-date=9 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]''
|Deepak Kumar
| {{Nominated}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://uiowa.edu/indiancinema/main-khiladi-tu-anari |title=Main Khiladi Tu Anadi |publisher=University of Iowa|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704193351/https://uiowa.edu/indiancinema/main-khiladi-tu-anari|archive-date=4 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Yaar Gaddar]]''
|Jai Verma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.directv.com/movies/Yaar-Gaddar-aitwVDY2V1N3b3hZYnUxUEZBbElEZz09 |title=Yaar Ghaddar (1994) |publisher=DirectTV|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Aao Pyaar Karen (1994 film)|Aao Pyaar Karen]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/aao-pyaar-karen/movieshow/61319130.cms |title=Aao Pyar Karen |work=The Times of India|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|1995
|scope="row" | ''[[Surakshaa (1995 film)|Surakshaa]]''
| Amar / Prince Vijay {{efn|name=two}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540441 |title=Suraksha (1995) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071329/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540441 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1996
|scope="row" | ''[[Ek Tha Raja]]''
| Sunny Dogra
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2833 |title=Ek Tha Raja |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706210429/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2833|archive-date=6 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Bambai Ka Babu (1996 film)|Bambai Ka Babu]]''
| Vikram "Vicky"{{efn|name=character}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538935 |title=Bambai Ka Babu (1996) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003242/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538935 |archive-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Tu Chor Main Sipahi]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508499 |title=Tu Chor Main Sipahi (1996) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719172453/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508499 |archive-date=19 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Dil Tera Diwana (1996 film)|Dil Tera Diwana]]''
|Ravi Kumar
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539168 |title=Dil Tera Diwana (1996) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223170854/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539168 |archive-date=23 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997
|scope="row" | ''[[Hameshaa]]''
| Raja & Raju{{efn|name=dual|Khan performed dual roles in the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-an-inexperienced-actor-couldnt-have-done-humshakals-640084 |title=Saif Ali Khan: An Inexperienced Actor Couldn't Have Done Humshakals |date=18 June 2014 |publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913102946/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-an-inexperienced-actor-couldnt-have-done-humshakals-640084|archive-date=13 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article101024.ece |title=I want 'Love Aaj Kal' to be a hit: Kareena |date=28 July 2009 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914192424/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article101024.ece|archive-date=14 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7331 |title=Check out: Saif Ali Khan's double role in Happy Ending |date=9 October 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913211310/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7331|archive-date=13 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Hamesha (1997) |date=13 August 2011 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003239/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534764/Hamesha |archive-date=19 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Udaan (1997 film)|Udaan]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Udaan |publisher=YouTube Movie |work=YouTube |location=India |year=1997}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|scope="row" | ''[[Keemat – They Are Back]]''
| Ajay
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/keemat-they-are-back/0-0-keemat |title=Keemat:They Are Back |publisher=Zee5|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Humse Badhkar Kaun]]''
| Sunny
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534900 |title=Hum Se Badhkar Kaun:The Entertainer (1998) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=|access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406091808/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534900/ |archive-date=6 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |1999
|scope="row" | ''[[Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan]]''
|Raju Tarachand
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/news+crab-epaper-newcrb/top+5+most+handsome+roles+of+saif+ali+khan-newsid-77387687 |title=Top 5 Most Handsome Roles Of Saif Ali Khan |publisher=Daily Hunt|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Kachche Dhaage]]''
|Dhananjay "Jai" Pandit {{efn|name=character}}
| {{Nominated}}—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539634 |title=Kachche Dhaage (1999) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012130152/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539634 |archive-date=12 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Aarzoo]]''
| Amar
|
|
|-
|scope="row" |''[[Biwi No.1]]''
| Deepak Sharma
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534076 |title=Biwi No 1 (1999) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831210805/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534076 |archive-date=31 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]''
| Vinod Chaturvedi
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=These days Saif has a reason to smile |date=13 September 2001|access-date=22 July 2016 |author=Grover, Gautam |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010913/main8.htm#1 |work=The Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009163422/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010913/main8.htm#1|archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2000
|scope="row" | ''[[Kya Kehna]]''
|Rahul Modi
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=My tapori days are over |date=1 March 2001|access-date=23 July 2016 |author=Sehgal, Nutan |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010301/main8.htm#3 |work=The Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709054723/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010301/main8.htm#3|archive-date=9 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2001
|scope="row" | ''[[Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]]''
| Prakash Singh
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |author=Vijayan, Vipin |title=Bollywood can't do without 'love'! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/03slid3.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=3 July 2008|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910182858/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/03slid3.htm|archive-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]''
| Sameer Mulchandni
| {{Won}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |author=Menon, Sita |title=Trip on Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10dil.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=10 August 2001|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026005746/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10dil.htm|archive-date=26 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein]]''
|Rajiv "Sam" Saamra{{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hotstar.com/movies/rehnaa-hai-terre-dil-mein/1000101756 |title=Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein |publisher=Hotstar |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617183654/http://www.hotstar.com/movies/rehnaa-hai-terre-dil-mein/1000101756 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2002
|scope="row" | ''[[Na Tum Jaano Na Hum]]''
| Akshay Kapoor
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/na-tum-jano-na-hum--a-directorial-failure_42989.html |title=Na Tum Jano Na Hum : A directorial failure |last=Raj |first=Nitish |website=Zee News |date=25 May 2002|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|scope="row" | ''[[Darna Mana Hai]]''
|Anil Manchandani
|Story segment: ''No Smoking''
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://flixster.com/movie/darna-mana-hai/1e551a62-1e2a-3aa4-b457-aba47b8271e1 |title=Darna Mana Hai |publisher=Flixster|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''
|Rohit Patel
| {{Won}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=26 November 2003 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/26advani.htm |title=KHNH bigger than KMG? I hope! |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214640/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/26advani.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[LOC Kargil]]''
|[[Captain]] Anuj Nayyar
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/25kargil.htm |title=Why we can never forget Kargil |work=Rediff.com |last=Bora |first=Anita |date=25 December 2003|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705205336/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/25kargil.htm|archive-date=5 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|scope="row" | ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''
|Karan Singh Rathod
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=2 February 2004 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20040202-film-review-ek-hasina-thi-starring-urmila-matondkar-saif-ali-khan-790626-2004-02-01 |title=Patchy brilliance |work=[[India Today]]|access-date=22 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818111533/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-ek-hasina-thi-starring-urmila-matondkar-saif-ali-khan/1/196666.html|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''
|Karan Kapoor
| {{br list | {{Won}}—[[National Film Award for Best Actor]] | Won—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65065 |title=Hum Tum (2004) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110131745/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65065 |archive-date=10 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|scope="row" | ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
|Shekhar Rai
| {{Nominated}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite news |author=Elley, Derek |date=7 February 2006 |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/parineeta-1200518683/ |title=Parineeta:Film Review |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=2 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112182837/http://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/parineeta-1200518683/|archive-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Salaam Namaste]]''
|Nikhil "Nick" Arora{{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |author=Mohamed, Khalid |date=11 September 2005 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_year-of-live-in-dangerously_1608 |title=Year of live-in dangerously |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=2 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005044841/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_year-of-live-in-dangerously_1608|archive-date=5 October 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|scope="row" | ''[[Being Cyrus]]''
|Cyrus Mistry
| English film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |author=Joshi, Poonam |date=19 March 2006 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/03/24/being_cyrus_2006_review.shtml |title=Being Cyrus (2006) |publisher=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=26 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930095542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/03/24/being_cyrus_2006_review.shtml|archive-date=30 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]''
|[[Iago|Ishwar "Langda" Tyagi]]
| {{Won}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite news |author=Elley, Derek |date=1 August 2006 |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/omkara-1200514443/ |title=Omkara:Film Review |journal=Variety|access-date=17 October 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731211812/http://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/omkara-1200514443/|archive-date=31 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007
|scope="row" | ''[[Eklavya: The Royal Guard]]''
| Harshvardhan Rana
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |author=Joshi, Poonam |date=1 February 2007 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/02/16/eklavya_2007_review.shtml |title=Eklavya (The Royal Guard) (2007) |publisher=BBC Online|access-date=26 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828085212/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/02/16/eklavya_2007_review.shtml|archive-date=28 August 2007}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Nehlle Pe Dehlla]]''
| Jimmy
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jimmy_aur_johnny_nehle_pe_dehla |title=Nehlle Pe Dehlla |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218211542/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jimmy_aur_johnny_nehle_pe_dehla|archive-date=18 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Ta Ra Rum Pum]]''
|Rajveer Singh
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |title=Review: Ta Ra Rum Pum |date=27 April 2007 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-ta-ra-rum-pum/story-O29AD6AiGjTGMGbm4iPlMN.html|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031100821/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-ta-ra-rum-pum/story-O29AD6AiGjTGMGbm4iPlMN.html|archive-date=31 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
| Himself
|Special appearance in the song "Deewangi Deewangi"
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |title=Om Shanti Om (2007) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025045139/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008
|scope="row" | ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]''
|Ranvir "Ronnie" Singh{{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-race-is-a-pacy-thriller/ |title=Masand's Verdict: Race is a pacy thriller|access-date=3 October 2011 |author=Masand, Rajeev |date=24 March 2008 |publisher=RajeevMasand.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422233713/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-race-is-a-pacy-thriller/|archive-date=22 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]''
|Jimmy Cliff / Jeetendra Kumar Makhwana
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=McDonagh |first=Maitland |title=Tashan Review |url=http://www.tvguide.com/movies/tashan/review/293552 |work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=6 May 2008 |authorlink=Maitland McDonagh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118211758/http://www.tvguide.com/movies/tashan/review/293552|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]''
|Ranbir Talwar
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/review-thoda-pyaar-thoda-magic-review--pclwDWjcheiaa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220053232/https://www.sify.com/movies/review-thoda-pyaar-thoda-magic-review--pclwDWjcheiaa.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 December 2019 |title=Review: Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic |last=Chopra |first=Sonia |website=[[Sify]] |date=27 June 2008|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Roadside Romeo]]''
| Romeo {{small|(voice)}}
| Animated feature film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2008/10/25/movies/25rome.html?ref=movies |title=Bollywood: Often Energetic, Now Animated|access-date=27 October 2008 |last=Saltz |first=Rachel |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027144738/http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/10/25/movies/25rome.html?ref=movies|archive-date=27 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|scope="row" | ''[[Sanam Teri Kasam (2009 film)|Sanam Teri Kasam]]''
|Vijay Verma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Sanam Teri Kasam Movie Review |date=22 May 2009 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Sanam-Teri-Kasam/movie-review/4567000.cms|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219173433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Sanam-Teri-Kasam/movie-review/4567000.cms|archive-date=19 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" rowspan="2" | ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
| rowspan="2" | Jai Vardhan Singh/Young Veer Singh{{efn|name=dual}}
| Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |<ref name="Awards"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/jul/31/the-love-aaj-kal-review.htm |title=Yet another love story. Okay, two. |last=Sen |first=Raja |work=Rediff.com |date=31 July 2009|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{br list | {{Nominated}}—Filmfare Award for Best Actor | Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Film]]}}
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]''
|Ehsaan Khan (Khalid){{efn|name=two}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091121/jsp/entertainment/story_11765691.jsp |title=Sacrifice, not a simple word |author=Roy, Priyanka |date=21 November 2009 |work=The Telegraph|access-date=19 July 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818115706/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091121/jsp/entertainment/story_11765691.jsp|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|scope="row" | ''[[Aarakshan]]''
|Deepak Kumar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/06/02/7548/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607202233/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/06/02/7548/index.html|archive-date=7 June 2011 |title=Saif becomes Prakash Jha's new blue eyed boy after Ajay? |author=Tuteja, Joginder |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|scope="row" | ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]''
| Agent Vinod
|Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-agent-vinod_1666243 |title=Blassy Chettiar reviews Agent Vinod |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=23 March 2012|access-date=23 March 2012 |author=Chettiar, Blassey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325173113/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-agent-vinod_1666243|archive-date=25 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''
|Gautam "Gutlu" Kapoor{{efn|name=character}}
|Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/not-saif-deepika-and-diana-heroes-of-cocktail-488207.html |title=Not Saif, Deepika and Diana heroes of 'Cocktail' |website=News18 |date=17 July 2012|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
|scope="row" | ''[[Race 2]]''
|Ranvir "Ronnie" Singh {{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-race-2/story-glA22Ca48F31GqwVg3ItnK.html |title=Anupama Chopra's review: Race 2 |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 January 2013|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052051/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-race-2/story-glA22Ca48F31GqwVg3ItnK.html|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance in the song "[[Apna Bombay Talkies]]"
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: Bollywood's biggest stars dance to 'Apna Bombay Talkies' |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/watch-stars-shine-in-apna-bombay-talikes-song-605539.html |publisher=[[News18]] |date=26 April 2013|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820160528/http://www.news18.com/news/india/watch-stars-shine-in-apna-bombay-talikes-song-605539.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Go Goa Gone]]''
| Boris
|Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/5R9tnINtOsNp06Q4v0QlfJ/Film-Review--Go-Goa-Gone.html |title=Film Review: Go Goa Gone |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |work=Mint |date=10 May 2013|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808062351/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/5R9tnINtOsNp06Q4v0QlfJ/Film-Review--Go-Goa-Gone.html|archive-date=8 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Bullett Raja]]''
|Raja Mishra
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tigmanshu-Dhulia-Bullett-Raja-Raja-Mishra/articleshow/25703996.cms |title=UP gangsters, unlike Mumbai's, don't kill just for money: Tigmanshu Dhulia |work=The Times of India |date=14 November 2013|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913065948/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tigmanshu-Dhulia-Bullett-Raja-Raja-Mishra/articleshow/25703996.cms|archive-date=13 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|scope="row" | ''[[Humshakals]]''
|Ashok Singhania / Ashok 2 / Chinku / Dr. Khan's assistant 1{{efn|name=triple|Khan played triple roles in the film.}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/movie-review-humshakals/articleshow/37168199.cms?from=mdr |title=Movie review: Humshakals |work=The Economic Times |date=25 June 2014|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Lekar Hum Deewana Dil]]''
|{{endash}}
| Producer
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranbir-kapoor-helps-armaan-jain-to-debut-in-saifs-lekar-hum-deewana-dil-192630-2014-05-12 |title=Ranbir Kapoor helps Armaan Jain to debut in Saif's Lekar Hum Deewana Dil |work=India Today |date=12 May 2014|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065339/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranbir-kapoor-helps-armaan-jain-to-debut-in-saifs-lekar-hum-deewana-dil-192630-2014-05-12|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | [[Happy Ending (2014 film)|''Happy Ending'']]
|Yudi Jaitely & Yogi{{efn|name=dual}}
|Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/happy-ending-movie-review-by-vishal-menon/article6624358.ece |title=Happy Ending: Happy it ended |last=Menon |first=Vishal |work=The Hindu |date=22 November 2014|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128094149/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/happy-ending-movie-review-by-vishal-menon/article6624358.ece|archive-date=28 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|scope="row" | ''[[Dolly Ki Doli]]''
|Prince Kunwar Aditya Singh
| Cameo appearance
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |author=Singh, Saloni |title=Spoiler alert: Saif Ali Khan plays a prince in Dolly Ki Doli |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/spoiler-alert-saif-ali-khan-plays-a-prince-in-dolly-ki-doli-237260-2015-01-24 |date=24 January 2015 |newspaper=[[India Today]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911080724/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/spoiler-alert-saif-ali-khan-plays-a-prince-in-dolly-ki-doli/1/415217.html|archive-date=11 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" | ''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]''
|Daniyal Khan
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/india-killed-26-11-plotter-david-headley-three-years-ago-1294417-2018-07-24 |title=India killed 26/11 plotter David Headley three years ago. In reel |last=Bhattacharya |first=Ananya |work=India Today |date=24 July 2018|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725140624/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/india-killed-26-11-plotter-david-headley-three-years-ago-1294417-2018-07-24|archive-date=25 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| scope="row" |''[[Rangoon (2017 Hindi film)|Rangoon]]''
|Rustom "Rusi" Billimoria{{efn|name=character}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rangoon-2017 |title=Rangoon |last=Abrams |first=Simon |publisher=Roger Ebert.com |date=6 March 2017|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128173606/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rangoon-2017|archive-date=28 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Chef (2017 film)|Chef]]''
|Roshan Kalra
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chef-review-hungry-for-more/article19807372.ece |title='Chef' review: hungry for more |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |work=The Hindu |date=6 October 2017|access-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002136/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chef-review-hungry-for-more/article19807372.ece|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
| scope="row" |''[[Kaalakaandi]]''
| Rileen
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kaalakaandi-movie-review-saif-ali-khan-makes-his-character-work-in-fizzy-freewheeling-film-1799235 |title=Kaalakaandi Movie Review: Saif Ali Khan Makes His Character Work In Fizzy, Freewheeling Film |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |publisher=NDTV |date=12 January 2018|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112111503/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kaalakaandi-movie-review-saif-ali-khan-makes-his-character-work-in-fizzy-freewheeling-film-1799235|archive-date=12 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Baazaar]]''
| Shakun Kothari
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Raja |title=Baazaar movie review: Saif Ali Khan stands tall, but this film's stock tanks |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/baazaar-movie-review-saif-ali-khan-radhika-apte-rohan-mehra-stock-market-trash/story-bXJyTqbQSgcxxIxODP05YN.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 October 2017|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610082707/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/baazaar-movie-review-saif-ali-khan-radhika-apte-rohan-mehra-stock-market-trash/story-bXJyTqbQSgcxxIxODP05YN.html|archive-date=10 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2019
| scope="row" |''[[Laal Kaptaan]]''
|Gossain
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/saif-ali-khan-s-laal-kaptaan-to-release-in-september-1529242-2019-05-20 |title=Laal Kaptaan: Saif Ali Khan's look as naga sadhu out, film to release in September |work=India Today |date=20 May 2019|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520105936/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/saif-ali-khan-s-laal-kaptaan-to-release-in-september-1529242-2019-05-20|archive-date=20 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
| scope="row" |''[[Tanhaji]]''
| [[Uday Bhan|Udaybhan Singh Rathod]]
| {{Won}}—[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/interesting-statements-made-by-bollywood-celebs/saif-ali-khan-talks-about-his-character-udaybhan-from-his-upcoming-film-taanaji-the-unsung-warrior/photostory/68164833.cms |title=Saif Ali Khan talks about his character 'Udaybhan' from his upcoming film 'Taanaji: The Unsung Warrior' |work=The Times of India|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615110150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/interesting-statements-made-by-bollywood-celebs/saif-ali-khan-talks-about-his-character-udaybhan-from-his-upcoming-film-taanaji-the-unsung-warrior/photostory/68164833.cms|archive-date=15 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Jawaani Jaaneman]]''
| Jaswinder "Jazz" Singh{{efn|name=character}}
|Also producer
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/saif-ali-khan-begins-shooting-for-aalia-furniturewala-s-debut-film-jawani-janeman-1495021-2019-04-05 |title=Saif Ali Khan begins shooting for Aalia Furniturewala's debut film Jawani Janeman |work=India Today|access-date=4 June 2019 |date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604111106/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/saif-ali-khan-begins-shooting-for-aalia-furniturewala-s-debut-film-jawani-janeman-1495021-2019-04-05|archive-date=4 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row" |''[[Dil Bechara]]''
| Abhimanyu Veer
| Cameo appearance
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/saif-ali-khan-joins-sushant-singh-rajput-and-sanjana-sanghi-in-dil-bechara-1451486-2019-02-08 |title=Saif Ali Khan joins Sushant Singh Rajput and Sanjana Sanghi in Dil Bechara |work=India Today |date=8 February 2019|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208224230/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/saif-ali-khan-joins-sushant-singh-rajput-and-sanjana-sanghi-in-dil-bechara-1451486-2019-02-08|archive-date=8 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|scope="row" |''[[Bhoot Police]]''
| Vibhooti "Vibhu" Vaidya
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kareena-kapoor-khan-unveils-bhoot-police-poster-starring-saif-ali-khan-arjun-kapoor-jacqueline-fernandez-yami-gautam-2854298 |title=Kareena Kapoor unveils 'Bhoot Police' poster starring Saif Ali Khan, Arjun Kapoor, Jacqueline Fernandez, Yami Gautam |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=4 November 2020|access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|scope="row"|''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]''
| Rakesh "Bunty Sr." Trivedi/Bobby Bhullar{{efn|name=two}}
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=BREAKING: Yash Raj Films unveils release dates of its forthcoming films! |first=Fenil |last=Seta |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-yash-raj-films-unveils-release-dates-forthcoming-films/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=17 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2022
|scope="row"|''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''
| Vikram
|
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrithik Roshan starts shooting for Vikram Vedha remake on Dussehra: 'A new first day today' |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-stars-shooting-for-vikram-vedha-remake-on-dussehra-a-new-first-day-today-7573177/ |work=The Indian Express |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|scope="row"| ''[[Adipurush]]''
| [[Ravana|Lankesh]]
|Hindi-[[Telugu language|Telugu]] bilingual film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/adipurush-director-om-raut-announces-shoot-wrap-saif-ali-khan-shares-pictures-sets/ |title=Adipurush director Om Raut announces shoot wrap for Saif Ali Khan; shares pictures from sets |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 October 2021|access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2024
| scope="row"| ''[[Devara: Part 1]]''
| Bhairava "Bhaira"
| Telugu film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title=The makers of NTR 30 welcome Saif Ali Khan on board alongside Jr NTR and Janhvi Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/the-makers-of-ntr-30-welcome-saif-ali-khan-on-board-alongside-jr-ntr-and-janhvi-kapoor-57988.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
| scope="row" | ''[[Jewel Thief (2025 film)|Jewel Thief]]''
| Rehan Roy
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawat-nikita-dutta-kick-off-shoot-siddharth-anands-production-titled-jewel-thief-report/ |title=Saif Ali Khan, Jaideep Ahlawat and Nikita Dutta kick off shoot for Siddharth Anand's production titled Jewel Thief |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=16 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2026
| {{Pending film|[[Kartavya (2026 film)|Kartavya]]}}
| Pawan Malik
| [[Netflix]] film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2026 |last=Menon |first=Arushi |title=Saif Ali Khan Anchors a Story of Duty and Dilemma, Red Chillies Entertainment's Next with Netflix, 'Kartavya'; Out on 15 May |url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/saif-ali-khan-anchors-a-story-of-duty-and-dilemma-red-chillies-entertainments-next-with-netflix-kartavya-out-on-15-may |publisher=Netflix |access-date=6 May 2026}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Haiwaan}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Completed
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="‘Haiwaan’: Akshay Kumar and Saif Ali Khan reunite after 17 years for a Priyadarshan film">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title='Haiwaan': Akshay Kumar and Saif Ali Khan reunite after 17 years for a Priyadarshan film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/haiwaan-akshay-kumar-saif-ali-khan-priyadarshan-17-years-oppam-remake/article69818435.ece |access-date=27 August 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=16 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827050742/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/haiwaan-akshay-kumar-saif-ali-khan-priyadarshan-17-years-oppam-remake/article69818435.ece |archive-date=27 August 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 December 2025 |last=Das |first=Kusumika |title=Saif Ali Khan Wraps Up Shoot For Priyadarshan's Haiwaan, Makers Drop BTS Photos From Set |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/saif-ali-khan-wraps-up-shoot-for-priyadarshans-haiwaan-makers-drop-bts-photos-from-set-9769528 |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=8 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| {{Pending film|Hum Hindustani}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Completed
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2026 |last=Rao |first=Abira |title=Saif Ali Khan And Pratik Gandhi Team Up For Netflix's Hum Hindustani - A Tale Of India's First Ever Election |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/saif-ali-khan-and-pratik-gandhi-team-up-for-netflixs-hum-hindustani-a-tale-of-indias-first-ever-election-10939068 |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: margin;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2003
! scope="row"| [[48th Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="6" |Host/presenter
| rowspan="6" |Television special
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dixit |first1=Rekha |last2=Wallia |first2=Kaajal|title=Devdas sweeps Filmfare Awards|date=21 February 2003|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Devdas-sweeps-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/38197713.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007183658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Devdas-sweeps-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/38197713.cms|archive-date=7 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2004
! scope="row"| [[49th Filmfare Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="filmfare50">{{cite news|last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Radha |last2=Ansari |first2=Shabana|title=Rani reigns, Shah rules at 50th Filmfare Awards|date=26 February 2005|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rani-reigns-Shah-rules-at-50th-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/1034001.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010075533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rani-reigns-Shah-rules-at-50th-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/1034001.cms|archive-date=10 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2005
! scope="row"| [[50th Filmfare Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="filmfare50"/>
|-
|2008
! scope="row"| [[53rd Filmfare Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="filmfare">{{cite news|title=Shah Rukh Khan to host Filmfare Awards once again!|date=11 January 2016|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shah-rukh-khan-to-host-filmfare-awards-once-again-2164581|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012023434/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shah-rukh-khan-to-host-filmfare-awards-once-again-2164581|archive-date=12 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2010
! scope="row"| [[55th Filmfare Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title="3 Idiots" shines at 55th Filmfare Awards|date=2 March 2010|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-128253|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813051925/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-128253|archive-date=13 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2013
! scope="row"| [[58th Filmfare Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="filmfare"/>
|-
| 2018–2019
! scope="row"| ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]''
| Sartaj Singh
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=sacred/>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row"| ''[[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav]]''
| Samar Pratap Singh
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/tandav-review-a-pedestrian-web-series-7147323/|title=Tandav review: A pedestrian series|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|work=The Indian Express|date=16 January 2021|access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
! scope="row"| ''[[The Romantics (TV series)|The Romantics]]''
| Himself
| Documentary
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/the-romantics-interview-netflix-1234809298/|title=Netflix's 'The Romantics' Is Essential — and Unprecedented — Hindi Film History|last=Khosla|first=Proma|work=[[IndieWire]]|date=2023-02-14|accessdate=2024-04-17}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
! scope="row"| ''Dining with the Kapoors''
|
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/dining-with-the-kapoors-when-kareena-kapoor-khan-ranbir-kapoor-entire-family-open-their-doors-netflix/0d2b41a8f3973|title=Dining with the Kapoors: Here's when Kareena Kapoor Khan, Ranbir Kapoor, and the entire family open their doors on Netflix|last=Vasudevan|first=Aishwarya|work=OTTplay|date=2025-10-25|accessdate=2025-10-29}}</ref>
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: margin;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1999
! scope="row"| ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]''
| "A B C D"
| [[Raamlaxman]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/the-abcd-song-from-hum-saath-saath-hain-is-actually-stolen-from-a-spanish-song-1276865.html|title=The 'ABCD' Song from 'Hum Saath-Saath Hain' is Actually Stolen from a Spanish Song|website=News18|date=2 August 2016 |access-date=2019-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010222211/http://www.news18.com/news/buzz/the-abcd-song-from-hum-saath-saath-hain-is-actually-stolen-from-a-spanish-song-1276865.html|archive-date=10 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
! scope="row"| ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''
| "Ladki Kyon"
| [[Jatin-Lalit]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalit Pandit speaks on 19 years of Hum Tum: Rani Mukerji and Saif Ali Khan have terrific musical timing |date=28 May 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/lalit-pandit-speaks-on-19-years-of-hum-tum-rani-mukerji-and-saif-ali-khan-have-terrific-musical-timing/articleshow/100573484.cms |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2008
! scope="row"| ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]''
| "Jimmy Ka Tashan"
| [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|<ref>{{cite web|author=Tuteja, Joginder|title=Music Review: Tashan|url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/musicreview/13446/index.html|access-date=29 March 2008|work=IndiaFM|archive-date=2 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402082239/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/musicreview/13446/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Roadside Romeo]]''
| "Cool Cool"
| [[Salim–Sulaiman]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Music launch: "Roadside Romeo"|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3548155.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 November 2008|archive-date=16 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216011751/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3548155.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
! scope="row"| ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
| "Twist"
| [[Pritam]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Love Aaj Kal: 5 things that will refresh your memory about the Saif Ali Khan and Deepika Padukone starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/love-aaj-kal-5-things-that-will-refresh-your-memory-of-the-saif-ali-khan-and-deepika-padukone-starrer/etphotostory/73300866.cms |website=The Times of India |date=16 January 2020 |access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Saif Ali}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Saif Ali Khan|Filmography]]

Cherupuzha, Kannur

2026-05-06T02:41:15Z

BanglaBlog: added new info.

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cherupuzha
| official_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = File:Cherupuzha 1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Cherupuzha Bridge
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates =
{{coord|12.2728|N|75.3672|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Payyanur Taluk|Payyanur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Grama Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/node/1027|title = കണ്ണൂര്‍ ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന വിവരങ്ങള്‍ | Deparyment of Panchayats}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 75.64
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-in.topographic-map.com/maps/bgmq/Cherupuzha/ |title=cherupuzha elevation map |website=topographic-map.com}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 46
| population_total = 30,733
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 670511
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04985
| registration_plate = KL 86
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Niyamasabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Payyanur (State Assembly constituency)|Payyanur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Nearest [[Railway station]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Cheruvathur railway station|Cheruvathur]] - 29 km
[[Nileshwar railway station|Nileshwar]] - 32 km
[[Payyanur railway station|Payyanur]] - 34 km
| website = {{URL|www.lsgkerala.in/cherupuzhapanchayat}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Cherupuzha''' is a town in [[Kannur district]], Kerala, India. It is the headquarters of the Cherupuzha Panchayat which is a special grade panchayat in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/electionupdates/deStatusLB.php?distID=13|title = DE Status}}</ref>

==Tourism==
[[File:Rajagiri Hills, Kanhangad. (8).jpg|thumb|Rajagiri Hills]]
[[File:Kottathalachi Mount.JPG|thumb|Kottathalachi Mount Near Cherupuzha]]
Surrounded by green terrains and mesmerizing hills, [[Kariangode River|Tejaswini River]] in Cherupuzha offers adventurous tourist activity like white water rafting in [[Western Ghats]]. Kollada near Cherupuzha is the starting point to kick off the rafting trip on the river. The rafting experience at Cherupuzha is an ideal stepping stone for those who aspires challenging high altitude rapids. Inflatable rafts are used here which is less expensive and easily maintained.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2018/06/30/whitewater-rafting-tejaswini-adventure-travel.html |title=White water rafting: A pleasant adventure on river Tejaswini |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2013/rafting-thejaswini-river/437|title=Rafting on Tejaswini River, Kannur, Kerala, India}}</ref> [[Rafting|White Water Rafting]] at Tejaswini river is one of the 17 best places for rafting in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chaloghummne.com/17-best-places-for-white-water-rafting-in-india/4746 |title=17 Best Places For White Water Rafting In India |date=22 February 2021 |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Cherupuzha [[Grama Panchayat]] had a population of 30,733 where 15,004 are males and 15,729 are females. There were 7,052 families residing in the panchayat limits. The sex ratio of Cherupuzha was 1,048 lower than state average of 1,084. In Cherupuzha, 9.7% of the population was under 6 years of age.

Average literacy rate of Cherupuzha was 95% higher than state average of 94%. Male literacy stands at 96.3% and Female literacy at 93.7%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=224,225 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==Administration==
Cherupuzha [[Grama Panchayat]] consists of 20 [[Ward (country subdivision)|wards]]. The ruling party is [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sec.kerala.gov.in/public/cnstncy/wd/3d6fb89d-b18e-48b0-a462-ebb9a8551fea |title=Ward list of Cherupuzha |website=sec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
Cherupuzha panchayat is part of [[Payyanur]] [[Block Panchayat]] and politically a part of [[Payyanur Assembly constituency]] under [[Kasaragod Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Niyamasabha constituencies of Kannur |url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kannur.html |website=ceo.kerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-18
|work = Kerala
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archivedate = 2009-03-04
}}</ref>

==Law and Order==
The Panchayat comes under the jurisdiction of Cherupuzha police station, which was set up on 20 February 2016 by splitting Peringome police station. This police station is part of Payyanur subdivision under Kannur rural police district.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ps.keralapolice.gov.in/cherupuzha-ps/about |title=About - Cherupuzha police station}}</ref>

==Transport==

=== Air ===
The nearest airport (70 km) is at [[Kannur International Airport|Mattanur]] and [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]], [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]] are not far away.

=== Rail ===
The nearest railway station is {{cvt|28.5|km|mi}} away at [[Cheruvathur railway station|Cheruvathur]] and {{cvt|32|km|mi}} from [[Nileshwar railway station|Nileshwar]] and {{cvt|34|km|mi}} away from [[Payyanur railway station|Payyanur]] on [[Shoranur-Mangalore Section]].

===Roads===
Kerala Hill Highway ([[Hill Highway (Kerala)|SH 59]]) passes through Cherupuzha town connects it with [[Iritty]] and other towns in eastern areas of Kannur and Kasaragod districts. [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]] can be accessed on the eastern side of Iritty.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/hill-highway-in-kerala-dpr-ready-for-just-79-kms-english-news-1.1353756 |title=Hill Highway in Kerala; DPR ready for just 79 kms |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File: Navajyothi College.jpg|thumbnail|Navajyothi College, Cherupuzha]]
* Navajyothi College, Cherupuzha<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vidyatime.com/degree-colleges/4/kerala/kannur/ |title=List of degree colleges in Kannur-Kerala |website=vidyatime.com}}</ref>
* St. Joseph's HS, Cherupuzha
* St. Mary's HS, Cherupuzha
* Archangel's school, Cherupuzha<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archangelscherupuzha.in/submenudisplay/About%20Us |title=About-Archangel's school}}</ref>
* Janaki Memorial UP school, Cherupuzha
* GHSS, [[Thirumeni]]
* GVHSS, [[Pulingome]]
* GHSS, [[Kozhichal]]
* GHSS, Prapoyil<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=13|title=Schoolist|website=www.dhsekerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://schools.org.in/kerala/kannur/payyannur/gvhss-pulingome |title=List of schools in Cherupuzha}}</ref>

==Places of worship==
Cherupuzha is home to several places of worship representing Hindu, Christian and Muslim traditions.

===St. Mary's Forane Church, Cherupuzha===
St. Mary's Forane Church, Cherupuzha is one of the oldest Christian institutions in the area and a noted Marian shrine in North Malabar. The parish dates to the mid-20th century and is part of the [[Archeparchy of Tellicherry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Mary's Forane Church, Cherupuzha |url=https://www.archdioceseoftellicherry.org/sacellum/parishes/view_details/37 |website=archdioceseoftellicherry.org}}</ref>

===Cherupuzha Shri Ayyappa Temple===

[[File:Ariel view of Cherupuzha Shri Ayyappa Temple.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Cherupuzha Shri Ayyappa Temple]]

The Cherupuzha Shri Ayyappa Temple, located on Thirumeni Road, began as a bhajan (devotional) centre and developed into a temple complex in the late 20th century; it is widely regarded locally as a significant Ayyappa centre in North Malabar and holds an annual festival in December.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cherupuzha Sree Ayyappa Temple (history and festivals) |url=https://ayyappatemplesblog.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/cherupuzha-sree-ayyappa-temple/ |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Chathamangalam St. Jude's Chapel===
St. Jude's Church at Chathamangalam (near Thirumeni) serves pilgrims who come to the shrine; the church is dedicated to St Jude and attracts devotees from the surrounding area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chathamangalam St. Jude's Church (local listings) |url=https://www.justdial.com/ |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Jerusalem Mar Thoma Church===
The Jerusalem Mar Thoma Church (Cherupuzha) is a Mar Thoma parish established in the area in the 1970s and functions as a local parish and community centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jerusalem Mar Thoma Church, Cherupuzha (listing) |url=https://www.bharatibiz.com/en/jerusalem-mar-thoma-church-cherupuzha-07746973639 |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Mulapra Sree Dharmashastha Temple===
Mulapra Sree Dharmashastha (Ayyappa/Dharmashastha) temple, about 5 km from Cherupuzha on the Thirumeni road, is a local Hindu shrine with an annual festival held in January.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mulapra Sree Dharmasastha (local directory) |url=https://www.justdial.com/Kannur/Mulapra-Sree-Dharmasastha-Mulapra/9999PX497-X497-221225034303-X2R8_BZDET |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Pulingome Makhaam===
Pulingome Makhaam (also spelled Makham/Maqam) is a Muslim shrine near Cherupuzha with an annual ''Uroose'' festival; local newspapers report large attendance and community food (annadanam) during the festival.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pulingome Makham Uroos coverage |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/kannur/news/kannur-1.10245375 |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pulingome Makham Uroos reportage |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/kannur/2023/02/06/kannur-pulingome-makham-uroos.html |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Kripalayam / Krupalayam Retreat Centre===
Kripalayam (sometimes spelled Krupalayam) is a Christian retreat centre and prayer facility near Cherupuzha that holds regular prayer gatherings and retreats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kripalayam Retreat Centre listing |url=https://www.justdial.com/Kannur/Kripalayam-Retreat-Center-Cherupuzha/9999PX497-X497-230111191821-S2H4_BZDET |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Kottathalachi Mala===
Kottathalachi (Kottathalachi Mala) is a hilltop Christian pilgrimage site north of Cherupuzha; a cross was installed there on Good Friday in 1958 and the site is known locally as the "Malayattoor of Malabar". The site draws large numbers of pilgrims, especially on the first Sunday after Easter.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Kottathalachi |url=https://kottathalachi.com/about/ |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===St. Joseph’s Church, Pulingome===
St. Joseph’s Church, Pulingome, was established in the mid-20th century by migrants from Travancore and continues to serve the local Syrian Catholic community as a parish of the [[Archeparchy of Tellicherry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archdioceseoftellicherry.org/sacellum/parishes/view_details/158 |title= St. Joseph's church, Pulingome |website= archdioceseoftellicherry.org}}</ref>

===Baptist Church, Kokkadavu===
The Baptist Church at Kokkadavu serves the local Christian community as a place for worship and fellowship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spiritual centres in Cherupuzha (directory) |url=https://www.justdial.com/Kannur/Spiritual-Centres-in-Cherupuzha/nct-10621287 |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Narambil Bhagavathy and Theyyam traditions===
Narambil Bhagavathy is a local form of the Bhadrakali deity venerated in the Cherupuzha area; associated theyyam performances and local temple folklore are part of the region's ritual calendar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Narambil Bhagavathy (local folklore references) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Places_of_worship_in_Cherupuzha |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

===Other religious centres===
Other temples and shrines in and around Cherupuzha include Edavaramba Vishnumurthy Temple, Kariyakkara Ara of Pottan Theyyam, Muchilottu Bhagavathy Temple (Vilakkuvettam), Chunda Thattummal Vishnumurthy Temple, Ayannur Shiva Temple, Kamballur Bhagavathy Temple, Pulingome Sankaranarayana Swami Temple and Meenkulam Sreekrishna Temple.<ref>{{cite web |title=Places of worship in Cherupuzha (overview) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Places_of_worship_in_Cherupuzha |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pulingome]], 6 Km east of Cherupuzha
* [[Kozhichal]], 11 Km east of Cherupuzha
* [[Chathamangalam (Kannur)]], 10 Km south of Cherupuzha
* [[Padiyotchal]], 4.5 Km west of Cherupuzha
* [[Peringome]], 10 Km west of Cherupuzha
* [[Thirumeni]], 8 Km south of Cherupuzha
* [[Chittarikkal]], 6 Km north of Cherupuzha

==References==
{{commons category|Cherupuzha, Kannur}}
{{reflist}}

{{Kannur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kannur district]]
[[Category:Villages near Payyanur]]

List of villages in Prakasam district

2026-05-05T00:50:50Z

BanglaBlog: Starting Place...

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}

This is an alphabetical list of villages in undivided [[Prakasam district]] that got restructured several times after 4 June 2022, [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. For the current list of existing villages, see [[:Category:Villages in Prakasam district]]

{{horizontalTOC|nonum=yes}}

== A ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Adusumalli]]
* [[Alakurapadu]]
* [[Allur, Prakasam district|Allur]]
* [[Amudalapalle, Prakasam district|Amudalapalle]]
* [[Annangi]]
* [[Anubroluvaripalem]]
* [[Ardhaveedu]]
* [[Atchampeta, Prakasam district|Atchampeta]]
* [[Ayyaparaju Palem]]
{{div col end}}

== B ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[B. Cherlopalli]]
* [[Badevaripalem]]
* [[Ballikurava]]
* [[Basireddipalle]]
* [[Basireddy Palem]]
* [[Bestavaripeta]]
* [[Bestavaripeta]]
* [[Bhairavakona]]
* [[Buddapalli]]
{{div col end}}

== C ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Chalappalem]]
* [[Chandaluru]]
* [[Chandrasekharapuram]]
* [[Chekurapadu]]
* [[Cherlo Donakonda]]
* [[Cheruvu Kommu Palem, Darsi mandal]]
* [[Cheruvu Kommu Palem, Ongole mandal]]
* [[Chilakapadu]]
* [[Chimakurthy]]
* [[Chinaganjam]]
* [[Chinavenkannapalem]]
* [[Chinthagumpalli]]
* [[Chodavaram, Prakasam district|Chodavaram]]
{{div col end}}

== D–E ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Darsi]]
* [[Davaguduru]]
* [[Devarapalem]]
* [[Dhenuva Konda]]
* [[Diguvametta]]
* [[Doddavaram]]
* [[Dornala]]
* [[Dupadu]]
* [[East Choutapalem]]
* [[Edumudi]]
* [[Elurivari palem]]
* [[Ethamukkala]]
{{div col end}}

== G–J ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[G.Kothapalli]]
* [[Gajjala Konda]]
* [[Gamgam Palli]]
* [[Ganapavaram, Prakasam district|Ganapavaram]]
* [[Gowtavaram]]
* [[Gudluru]]
* [[Hanumanthunipadu]]
* [[Inkollu]]
* [[Irasalagundam]]
* [[Janakavaram Panguluru]]
* [[Juvvigunta]]
{{div col end}}

== K ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[K. Rajupalem, Prakasam district|K. Rajupalem]]
* [[Kambaladinne]]
* [[Kammavaripalem, Prakasam district|Kammavaripalem]]
* [[Kandukur, Prakasam district|Kandukur]]
* [[Karamchedu]]
* [[Karavadi]]
* [[Karedu]]
* [[Keerthivaripalem]]
* [[Kolalapudi]]
* [[Komarolu]]
* [[Komminenivaripalem]]
* [[Konakanamitla]]
* [[Kondamanjulur]]
* [[Kondamuru]]
* [[Kondapi]]
* [[Konidena]]
* [[Kopperapalem, Prakasam district|Kopperapalem]]
* [[Koppole]]
* [[Korisapadu]]
* [[Koru Uppalapadu]]
* [[Kotha Palem]]
* [[Kotha Reddy Palem]]
* [[Kothapatnam]]
* [[Kovilampadu]]
* [[Kovur, Prakasam district|Kovur]]
* [[Kunchepalli]]
* [[Kunkalamarru]]
* [[Kurichedu]]
{{div col end}}

== L–M ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Lingasamudram]]
* [[Maddipadu]]
* [[Malakonda]]
* [[Mallavaram, Prakasam district|Mallavaram]]
* [[Manduvavaripalem]]
* [[Manikeswaram]]
* [[Marripudi, Prakasam district|Marripudi]]
* [[Martur]]
* [[Medarametla]]
* [[Meerjapeta]]
* [[Metlavaripalem]]
* [[Mottu Palle]]
* [[Mugachintala]]
* [[Mukthapuram]]
* [[Mundlamuru]]
* [[Muppalla, Prakasam District|Muppalla]]
* [[Murugummi]]
* [[Mynampadu]]
{{div col end}}

== N–O ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Nagandla]]
* [[Nagulapalem]]
* [[Naguluppalapadu]]
* [[Nakkalapalem]]
* [[Nekunam Puram]]
* [[Nidamanur, Prakasam district|Nidamanur]]
* [[Obannapalem]]
{{div col end}}

== P ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[P.Naidu Palem]]
* [[Padarthi]]
* [[Pajarla]]
* [[Pakala, Prakasam district|Pakala]]
* [[Palugunti palli]]
* [[Palukuru]]
* [[Pamidipadu]]
* [[Pamuru]]
* [[Parchur]]
* [[Peda Araveedu]]
* [[Peda Bommalapuram]]
* [[Pedacherlopalle]]
* [[Pernamitta]]
* [[Pokuru]]
* [[Ponduru, Prakasam district|Ponduru]]
* [[Ponnaluru]]
* [[Pothukatla]]
* [[Pullalacheruvu]]
* [[Punugodu]]
{{div col end}}

== R ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Rachavaripalem]]
* [[Racherla]]
* [[Rajampalli]]
* [[Ramayapalem, Marripudi]]
* [[Ramayapalem, Peda Araveedu]]
* [[Ramayapatnam]]
* [[Ravinuthala]]
* [[Rayavaram (Markapur mandal)]]
* [[Reddicherla]]
* [[Rudravaram, Prakasam district|Rudravaram]]
{{div col end}}Rajanagaram

== S ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Sakhavaram]]
* [[Santhamaguluru]]
* [[Santhanuthalapadu]]
* [[Seelamvaripalli]]
* [[Singanna Palem]]
* [[Singarakonda]]
* [[Sudivari palem]]
{{div col end}}

== T–U ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[T. Naidu Palem]]
* [[Takkellapadu, Prakasam district|Takkellapadu]]
* [[Talamalla]]
* [[Tangutur]]
* [[Tarlupadu]]
* [[Tellapadu]]
* [[Thallur, Prakasam district|Thallur]]
* [[Themidithapadu]]
* [[Thimmasamudram, Prakasam district|Thimmasamudram]]
* [[Tripuranthakam]]
* [[Ulavapadu]]
* [[Uppugundur]]
* [[Uppumaguluru]]
{{div col end}}

== V–Z ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[V. Kopperapadu]]
* [[V. R. Kota]]
* [[Vaggampalli]]
* [[Valaparla]]
* [[Vallur]]
* [[Veerannapalem]]
* [[Veligandla]]
* [[Vellalacheruvu]]
* [[Venkata Raju Palem]]
* [[Venkatachalam Palli]]
* [[Venkatapuram, Prakasam district|Venkatapuram]]
* [[Vennuru]]
* [[Vinjanampadu, Prakasam district|Vinjanampadu]]
* [[Vinodarayunipalem]]
* [[Voletivaripalem]]
* [[Yeddanapudi]]
* [[Yendluru]]
* [[Yerragondapalem]]
* [[Yerrobana Palle]]
* [[Zarugumilli]]
{{div col end}}

{{Prakasam district}}

[[Category:Villages in Prakasam district|*]]
[[Category:Lists of villages in India|Prakasam district]]

Pipla Kasimpur

2026-05-04T03:22:42Z

BanglaBlog: creating initial entry more to come

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pipla Kasimpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Pipla
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.4436|N|87.8772|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3350
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732122
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 03513
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Harishchandrapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harishchandrapur]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pipla Kasimpur''' (also referred to as simply Pipla) is a village and a in the [[Harishchandrapur I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Chanchal subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=320| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|25|8|0|N|88|8|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Malda district (including Chanchal subdivision and Old Malda, Habibpur, Bamangola and Gazole CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|23|34|N|87|59|44|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Chanchal | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Chanchal]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|57|46|N|88|13|55|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Aiho| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Aiho]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|56|40|N|88|14|52|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Baksinagar| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Baksinagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|12|58|N|88|12|4|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bandhail| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bandhail]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|25|0|2|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Chhatinamor| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Chhatinamor]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|25|2|46|N|88|9|50|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Jhangra| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jhangra, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|25|0|10|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Kachu Pukur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Kachu Pukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|58|59|N|88|14|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Kendua| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Kendua, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|25|12|36|N|88|10|35|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Rangabhita| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Rangabhita]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|58|55|N|88|8|25|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Sahapur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Sahapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|25|1|15|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Malda| numbered11=M| mark-title11=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color11= #800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|25|4|5|N|88|8|31|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Old Malda| numbered12=M| mark-title12=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color12= #800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|57|55|N|88|15|40|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Bulbulchandi| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bulbulchandi]] (R) |shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|25|1|36|N|88|17|9|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Habibpur| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Habibpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|10|50|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hatimari| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Hatimari]] (R) |shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|25|12|33|N|88|23|37|E}} | label-pos16=top|label16= Maheshpur| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Maheshpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|7|31|N|88|22|3|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Pakuahat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Pakuahat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|54|45|N|88|17|23|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Singhabad| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Singhabad]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|25|7|2|N|87|59|17|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Araidanga| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Araidanga]] (R) |shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|25|19|6|N|87|50|35|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Daulatnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Daulatnagar]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|25|24|30|N|87|51|59|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Harishchandrapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Harishchandrapur]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|25|26|15|N|87|51|27|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Khanta| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Khanta]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|25|12|N|88|4|12|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Kharba| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Kharba]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|25|20|36|N|88|0|54|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Malatipur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Malatipur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|25|19|0|N|87|55|22|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Mashaldaha| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Mashaldaha]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|25|27|45|N|87|52|37|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Pipla Kasimpur| numbered26=R| mark-title26= Pipla Kasimpur (R) |shape-color26=black| label-size26=13|label-color26=black 
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|8|47|N|88|1|2|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Pukhuria| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Pukhuria]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|55|38|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ratua| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Ratua]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|16|33|N|88|0|18|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Samsi| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Samsi, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|25|13|48|N|88|11|21|E}} | label-pos30=top|label30= Gazole| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Gazole Town]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|25|9|24|N|88|10|0|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31= Pandua | mark-title31= [[Pandua, Malda]] (H)| numbered31=H |shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|25|2|52|N|88|25|13|E}} | label-pos32=top|label32= Jagjivanpur | mark-title32= [[Jagjivanpur]] (H)| numbered32=H |shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|25|17|30|N|88|4|20|E}}|label33=Mahananda|labela33= River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33=100| label-pos33=top| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33 =none
|mark-coord34={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|46|30|E}}|label34= Ganges River| label-color34 = #77A1CB| label-angle34=90| label-pos34=top| label-size34=10| mark-size34=0| mark-title34 =none
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|4|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label35= Tangon River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=-60| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|18|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|label36= Punarbhaba |labela36= River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=-75| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|25|6|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=70| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|25|21|0|N|87|43|0|E}}|arc-textB= BIHAR| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-100| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.35
|arc-coordC={{coord|24|54|0|N|87|46|0|E}}|arc-textC= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorC=hard grey| arc-angleC=-130| arc-gapC=5.5| arc-radiusC=0.25}}

===Location===
Pipla Kasimpur is located at {{coord|25.4436|N|87.8772|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjacent map covers two physiographic regions – the ''[[Barind Tract|Barind]]'' in the east and the ''tal'' in the west. The eastern part is comparatively high (up to 40 metres above mean sea level at places) and uneven. The soils of the eastern region are "hard salty clays of a reddish hue and the ground is baked hard as iron." It lies to the east of the [[Mahananda River]]. The area lying to the west of the Mahananda River, the ''tal'', is a flat low land and "is strewn with innumerable marshes, [[Beel|bils]] and [[oxbow lake]]s." The ''tal'' area is prone to flooding by local rivers.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The total area is overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda|work= Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> There are two important historical/ archaeological sites in the area – [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] and [[Jagjivanpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 98: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Interest of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Pipla Kasimpur had a total population of 3,350, of which 1,721 (51%) were males and 1,629 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 417. The total number of literate persons in Pipla Kasimpur was 1,704 (58.10% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 312067, pages 98-99|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 18 August 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Harishchandrapur College was established in 2008. Affiliated with the [[University of Gour Banga]], it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, [[history]], philosophy, and a general course in arts.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.harishchandrapurcollege.org.in/contact.html | title = Harishchandrapur College | publisher = HC | accessdate = 18 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/Harishchandrapur_College/Harishchandrapur_College.shtml | title = Harishchandrapur College | publisher = College Admission | accessdate = 18 August 2021}}</ref>

Pipla High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1960. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 824 books, and 5 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/maldah/19060208702/pipla-high-school.html | title = Pipla High School | publisher = Schools.org | accessdate = 18 August 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Harishchandrapur Rural Hospital located nearby at [[Harishchandrapur]] (with 65 beds) is the main medical facility in Harishchndrapur I CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 18 August 2021 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Villages in Malda district]]

North Central Bengali dialects

2026-05-03T07:26:28Z

BanglaBlog:

{{Short description|Group of dialects of Bengali}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox dialect
| name = Varendrī Bengali
| altname = North Central Bengali Gaudi Bengali Uttaravangiya Bengali
| nativename = বরেন্দ্রী বাংলা
| state = [[Bangladesh]], [[India]]
| region = '''Bangladesh''': [[Rajshahi Division]], parts of [[Gaibandha District]] and [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur District]] (Bangladesh) 
'''India''': [[Malda division|Malda Division]] (except for [[Islampur subdivision|Islampur Subdivision]]), Parts of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]]
| speakers =
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern Zone]]
| fam5 = [[Bengali-Assamese languages|Bengali-Assamese]]
| fam6 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ancestor = [[Gaudi Prakrit]]
| ancestor2 = [[Old Bengali]]
| ancestor3 = [[Middle Bengali]]
| dialects =
| script = [[Bengali alphabet]]
| isoexception = dialect
| image = Varendri.png
| image_class=skin-invert-image
| glotto = nort2658
| glottoname = Northern Bengali
| glotto2 = rajs1238
| glottoname2 = Rajshahi
}}

'''North Central Bengali''' or '''Varendrī Bengali''' ({{langx|bn|বরেন্দ্রী বাংলা|Bôrendri Bāṅlā}}, {{IPA|bn|bɔɾendriː baŋla|pron}}) is a cluster of [[Bengali dialects]] and their varieties,<ref>{{cite book|trans-title=Bangla language and dialect, Sukumar Sen, Anand Publishers|script-title=bn:বাংলা ভাষা ও উপভাষা, সুকুমার সেন, আনন্দ পাবলিশার্স|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali language, Suniti kumar Chatterjee, Vol 1, Page 140, George Allen and Unwin London, New Edition,1970|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|trans-title= The Circumambulation of Bengali language, Paresh Chandra Majumder, Kolkata, Sarashwat Library,1383| title=বাংলা ভাষা পরিক্রমা, পরেশচন্দ্র মজুমদার, কলিকাতা, সারস্বত লাইব্রেরী,১৩৮৩|language=bn}}</ref> it is also known as '''Uttaravaṅgīẏa'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morshed |first=Abul Kalam Manzur |date=5 May 2014 |title=উপভাষা |url=https://bn.banglapedia.org/index.php/উপভাষা |website=বাংলাপিডিয়া}}</ref> or '''Udīcya''', it is spoken in the [[Varendra]] region (primarily consisting of the [[Rajshahi Division]], parts of the [[Gaibandha District|Gaibandha]] and [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] districts in Bangladesh and the [[Malda division]] in India excluding [[Islampur subdivision|Islampur]]). Varendri dialect was classified by many renowned Indian linguists like [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]], [[Sukumar Sen (linguist)|Sukumar Sen]] and others.<ref name="IJL2001">{{cite journal |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Anita |year=2001 |title=Problems of Phonetic Transcription in Bengali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0yxhAAAAMAAJ&q=Rarhi |journal=Praci-Bhasha-Vijnan Indian Journal of Linguistics |volume=20 |page=79 |oclc=2256120 |quote=We all know that there are 4 or 5 dialects of the Bengali language. These are, according to Professor Suniti Kumar Chatterji and Sukumar Sen - Rarhi, Barendra, Kamarupi, Banga and Jharkhandi as added by Dr. S. Sen.}} NB Barendra refers to Varendri</ref> It is also spoken in adjoining villages in neighbouring [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]]. Varendri dialect has some influences of neighbouring dialects of [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and other [[Bihari languages]].

==Classification==
[[Muhammad Shahidullah|Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah]] divided all Bengali dialects into two main groups: [[Eastern Bengali|Prācya]] ({{langx|bn|প্রাচ্য|lit=eastern|prachyô}}) and Pāścātya ({{langx|bn|পাশ্চাত্য|lit=western|pashchatyô}}). Within his Pāścātya grouping, he identified a subdivision termed "Northern" or "Udīcya", which broadly corresponds to what is described here as [[North Central Bengali]] but also including [[Rangpuri language|Far Northern Bengali]] dialects. This classification aligns with the combined dialect groups of "Varendra" and "Kāmarūpa" proposed by [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]], while the remaining area corresponds to [[Rarhi dialect|Rāḍha]] dialects. In Shahidullah's classification, this northern zone is said to extend from [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] to [[Purnia division|Purnia]], encompassing much of the historical regions of [[Kamarupa]] and [[Varendra]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Shahidullah |first=Muhammad |title=বাঙ্গালা ভাষার ইতিবৃত্ত |year=1958 |publisher=মাওলা ব্রাদার্স |language=Bengali}}, p. 62: "গোয়ালপাড়া হইতে পূর্ণিয়া পর্যন্ত। ইহা প্রাচীনকালে কামরূপ ও বরেন্দ্র নাম অভিহত হইত।"</ref> This area includes the modern divisions of [[Rangpur Division|Rangpur]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]] in Bangladesh as well as [[Jalpaiguri division|Jalpaiguri]] and [[Malda division|Malda]] in West Bengal.
The Varendri dialect is also known as the "Rajshahi-Malda dialect".<ref>{{cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language |publisher=Calcutta University Press |year=1926 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70509 |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref> It is sometimes divided into Indian varieties, such as the "Maldahiya" or "Gaudi" dialects<ref>{{cite web |title=Geo-Historical Profile of North Bengal |url=https://ir.nbu.ac.in/bitstreams/29ed1dda-ab87-409d-91d2-61bd914eca34/download |publisher=University of North Bengal Institutional Repository |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref> and Bangladeshi varieties known as the "Purbo Varendri" dialects.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geo-Historical Profile of North Bengal |url=https://ir.nbu.ac.in/bitstreams/29ed1dda-ab87-409d-91d2-61bd914eca34/download |publisher=University of North Bengal Institutional Repository |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Baishnab |first=Aparna |title=Pronoun in Bengali |type=MA Dissertation |publisher=Assam University |date=10 May 2020 |url=https://www.aus.ac.in/linguistics-department/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2021/05/Aparna-Baishnab_Pronoun-in-Bengali_MA-Dissert_2020-2.pdf |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref>

==Comparison==
Varendri Bengali is a [[Bengali dialects|Bengali dialect]] belonging to [[North Bengal]]. Alongwith [[Eastern Bengali]], the standardised register of Bengali was based on the [[Central Bengali]] dialect spoken in [[Nadia district|Nadia]] and [[Kushtia District|Greater Kushtia]] (West-Central Bengal). A comparison of Varendri dialects and their varieties is presented below:

Examples:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Sub-dialects
!A man had two sons.
!IPA
|-
![[Standard Bengali]]
|একজন লোকের/মানুষের দুটি ছেলে ছিলো। (ækjon loker/manusher duţi chhele chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[æk d͡ʒon lokeɾ/manuʃeɾ d̪uʈi t͡ʃʰele t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Sādhu Bhāṣā]]
|কোন এক ব্যক্তির দুটি পুত্র ছিল।
(kono êk bektir duṭi putrô chhilô.)
|{{IPA|[kono æk bekt̪iɾ d̪uʈi put̪ɾo t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Varendri dialect|Rajshahiya dialect]]
|-
![[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]]
|একজন মানষের দুইটা ব্যাটা/ছাওয়াল ছিল। (ækjon mansher duita bæṭa/chhawal chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ɛk d͡ʒon manʃer d̪uiʈa bæʈa/t͡ʃʰawɑl t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Naogaon District|Naogaon]]
|একজ়নের দুটা ব্যাটা/সোয়েল সিল। (ekzoner duta bæṭa/soyel silo.)
|{{IPA|[ɛkzɔnɛɾ d̪uta bæʈa/sɔjel silo]}}
|-
![[Natore District|Natore]]
|একজন মানুষের দুটা বেটা/ছোওয়াল ছিল। (ækjon manusher duta beṭa/chhowal chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ɛk d͡ʒon manuʃer d̪uta beʈa/t͡ʃʰowal t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Sapahar Upazila|Sapahar]]
|একজ়ুন মানুষির দুটা বেটা/সোওয়াল সিল। (ekzun manushir duta beṭa/sowal silo.)
|{{IPA|[ɛkzun manuʃir d̪uta beʈa/sɔwal silo]}}
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Varendri dialect|Pabnaiya dialect]]
|-
![[Pabna District|Pabna]]
|একজ়োন মানশের দুইডা ব্যাটা/সাওয়াল সিল। (ækzôn mansher duiḍa bæt̹a/sawal silo.)
|{{IPA|[ækzɔn mænʃer d̪uid̪a bæta/sawal silo]}}
|-
![[Sirajganj District|Sirajganj]]
|একজ়ন মাইনশের দুইদো ব্যাটা/সোল সিল। (ækzon mainsher duido bæṭa/sol silo.)
|{{IPA|[ækzɔn mainsher d̪uido bæʈa/sol silo]}}
|-
![[Ishwardi Upazila|Ishwardi]]
|একজ়ন মাইনসের দুইদি ব্যাটা/সোল সিল। (ækzon mainser duidi beta/sol silo.)
|{{IPA|[ækzɔn mainsɛɾ d̪uid̪i bæta/sol silo]}}
|-
![[Kazipur Upazila|Kazipur]]
|একঝন মানুসার দুইটা সোল সিল। (ekjhon manusar duita sol silo.)
|{{IPA|[ekd͡ʒhon manusar d̪uiʈa sol silo]}}
|-
![[Tarash Upazila|Tarash]]
|একঝন মানুসের দুটা সোল আসিলো। (æk jhon manuser duta sol asilo.)
|{{IPA|[æk d͡ʒhon manuser d̪uta sol asilo]}}
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Varendri dialect|Maldaiya dialect]]
|-
![[Malda District|Malda]]
|একঝন মানুসের দুইটা ব্যাটা/ছাওয়াল ছিলো। (ækjhon manuser duiṭa bæṭa/chhawal chhilô.)
|{{IPA|[ækd͡ʒhon manuser d̪uiʈa bæʈa/t͡ʃʰawɑl t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Chapai Nawabganj District|Chapai Nawabganj]]
|একঝন মাইনশের দুটা ব্যাটা/ছাওয়াল আছিলো। (ækjhon mainsher duta bæṭa/chhawal achhilô.)
|{{IPA|[ækd͡ʒhon mainsher d̪uta bæʈa/t͡ʃʰawɑl äsʰilo]}}
|-
![[Raiganj subdivision|Raiganj]]
|একঝন মানুসার দুটো বেটা/ছোওয়াল ছিল। (ekjhon manusar duto beṭa/chhowal chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ekd͡ʒhon manusar d̪uto beʈa/t͡ʃʰowal t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Shershabadia]]
|একঝন বেক্তির দুইটি ব্যাটা/সাওয়াল সিল। (ækjhon bektir duiṭi bæṭa/sawal sil.)
|{{IPA|[ækd͡ʒhon bektir d̪uiʈi bæʈa/sawal silɔ]}}
|-
![[Sahebganj district|Sahebganj]]
|একজ়ন বেক্তির দুটা বেটা সিলো। (ekzon bektir duta beṭa silo.)
|{{IPA|[ɛkzɔn bektir d̪uta beʈa silo]}}
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Varendri dialect|Bograiya dialect]]
|-
![[Bogra District|Bogra]]
|একঝনের দুই ব্যাটা/ছোইল আছিল। (ækjhoner dui bæṭa/chhoil achhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ækd͡ʒhoner d̪ui bæʈa/t͡ʃʰoil aʧʰilo]}}
|-
![[Joypurhat District|Joypurhat]]
|একজ়ন মানষের দুইকনা ব্যাটা/সাওয়াল/সোল সিল। (ækzon mansher duikona bæta/sawal/sol silo.)
|{{IPA|[ækzɔn mænʃer d̪uikona bæta/sawal/sol silo]}}
|-
![[Hakimpur Upazila|Hakimpur]]
|একঝন দুইয়া ব্যাটা/ছোইল আছিল। (ækjhon duia bæṭa/chhoil achhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ækd͡ʒhon duia bæʈa/t͡ʃʰoil aʧʰilo]}}
|-
![[Dhamoirhat Upazila|Dhamoirhat]]
|একজ়ৈন দুইয়া ব্যাটা/সাওয়োল আসিল। (ækzoin duia beṭa/sawol asilo.)
|{{IPA|[ækzoin duia beʈa/sawol asilo]}}
|-
![[Gobindaganj Upazila|Gobindaganj]]
|এক বেক্তির দুটা ব্যাটা/সোল আসিল। (æk bektir duta bæta/sol asilo.)
|{{IPA|[æk bektir d̪uta bæta/sol asilo]}}
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Varendri dialect|Murshidabadi dialect]]
|-
![[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
|কোনো লোকের দুটা সেলে/সোবাল সিল। (kono loker duţa sele/sobal silo.)
|{{IPA|[kono loker d̪uʈa sele/sobal silo]}}
|-
![[Berhampore]]
|কুনো লোকের দুটো সেলে সিল। (kuno loker duţo sele silo.)
|{{IPA|[kuno loker d̪uto sele silo]}}
|-
![[Jangipur subdivision|Jangipur]]
|কোনো এক লোকার দুইটা সোওয়াল আসিলো। (kono ek lokar duiţa sôwal asilô.)
|{{IPA|[kono ek lokar d̪uiʈa sɔwal asilo]}}
|-
![[Kandi subdivision|Kandi]]
|কোনো ব্যক্তির দুটো ছোৱাল আছিলো। (kono bektir duţo chhoval achhilô.)
|{{IPA|[kono bektir d̪uto t͡ʃʰɸal aʧʰilo]}}
|-
![[Domkol subdivision|Domkol]]
|কোনো মানুষির দুটা ছেইলে/ছাওয়াল ছিল। (kono manushir duta chheile/chhaowal chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[kono manuʃir d̪uta t͡ʃʰeile/t͡ʃʰawɑl t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Varendri dialect|Dinajpuri (Varendri) dialect]]
|-
![[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] (Dinajpur Sadar Upazila and border regions)
|একজ়ন মানশের দুই ব্যাটা/ছাওয়াল ছিল। (ækzôn mansher dui bæṭa/chhawal chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ækzɔn mænʃer d̪ui bæʈa/t͡ʃʰawɑl t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Dakshin Dinajpur district|South Dinajpur]]
|একজ়নের দুটা বেটা/ছওৱা(বা)ল ছিল। (ekzoner duta beṭa/chhobal chhilo.)
|{{IPA|[ɛkzɔnɛɾ d̪uta beʈa/t͡ʃʰobal t͡ʃʰilo]}}
|-
![[Purnia division|East Purnia]] (Siripuria)
|একঝনার দুই ছাওয়াল ছিল্। (ækjhonar dui chhawal chhil.)
|{{IPA|[ækd͡ʒhonar d̪ui t͡ʃʰawɑl t͡ʃʰil]}}
|-
|}
*English: (First person) will eat
**Standard Bengali: খাবো (khabo)
**Eastern Bengali: খামু (khamu); খাইমু (khaimu); খাম (kham)
**Varendri Bengali: খামোঁ (khamõ); খাইমোঁ (khaimõ); খাইম (khaim)
*English: Money
**Standard Bengali: টাকা ([[taka]])
**Varendri Bengali: টেকা (tæka)

==In popular culture==
[[Gambhira]], a Bengali folk genre is originally evolved with this dialect. This dialect is famous in many Bengali dramas. A web series by [[Chorki (streaming service)|Chorki]] named [[Shaaticup]] is created in this dialect.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shaaticup review: Bangladesh Underground |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/shaaticup-bengali-web-series-review-chorki-is-a-zany-drug-drama-told-with-swaggering-style | first=Sankhayan | last=Ghosh | publisher=Film Companion | date=25 January 2022 | accessdate=10 March 2026}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{Bengali language}}

[[Category:Rajshahi Division]]
[[Category:Bengali dialects]]
[[Category:Languages of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali language in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bengali language in India]]

Richard Fitzgerald (VC)

2026-05-03T04:01:17Z

BanglaBlog: creating initial article basic info

{{short description|Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Richard Fitzgerald
|birth_date=December 1831
|death_date= 1884 (aged 53)
|birth_place=[[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[County Cork]]
|death_place=
|burial_place=
|image=Victoria Cross Medal without Bar.png
|image_size=125
|caption=
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}
|service_years=
|rank=[[Gunner (rank)|Gunner]]
|branch=[[Bengal Army]]
|commands=
|unit=[[Bengal Horse Artillery]]
|battles=[[Indian Mutiny]]
|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]
|other_work=
}}

'''Richard Fitzgerald''' [[Victoria Cross|VC]] (December 1831, St. Finbar's, [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]] – 1884 in India) was an [[Irish people|Irish]] recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]].

In Cork on 17 December 1851 he enlisted in the [[Bengal Horse Artillery#Artillery|Bengal Horse Artillery]], [[Bengal Army]], for 12 years service, giving his trade as carpenter. He arrived in India to join his unit in November 1852.<ref name=OMRS>{{cite journal |date= September 2025|author=Glenn Fisher|title=The Richard Fitzgerald Victoria Cross |pages=167–172 |journal=Orders & Medals Research Society Journal|volume=64 |issue=3|issn=1474-3353}}</ref>

==Details==
He was a 25 year old [[Gunner (rank)|Gunner]] in the 2nd Troop, 3rd Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery during the [[Indian Mutiny]] when the following deed took place on 28 September 1857 at [[Bolandshahr]], [[India]] for which he and Sergeant [[Bernard Diamond (VC)|Bernard Diamond]] were awarded the Victoria Cross:<ref name=OMRS/>
{{blockquote|"For an act of valour performed in action against the rebels and mutineers at Boolundshur, on the 28th September, 1857, when these two soldiers evinced the most determined bravery in working their gun under a very heavy fire of musketry, whereby they cleared the road of the enemy, after every other man belonging to it had been either killed or disabled by wounds.
(Despatch of Major Turner, Bengal Horse Artillery, dated Boolundshur, 2nd October, 1857.)"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22131|page=2051|date=27 April 1858}}</ref>}}

In the months after his VC action, Fitzgerald took part in operations around [[Siege of Lucknow|Lucknow]].<ref name=OMRS/>

Returning to the UK, he was discharged from the army at [[Canterbury]], Kent, in June 1863<ref name=OMRS/> and appears to have died in India in 1884.

Fitzgerald's VC and [[Indian Mutiny Medal]] are currently held by [[Bristol Museum]].<ref name=OMRS/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
'''Listed in order of publication year '''
*''[[The Register of the Victoria Cross]]'' (1981, 1988 and 1997)
*{{cite journal|first=Brian D. H.|last=Clarke|title=A register of awards to Irish-born officers and men|journal=[[The Irish Sword]]|volume=XVI|issue=64|pages=185–287|year=1986}}
*''[[Ireland's VCs]]'' (Dept of Economic Development 1995)
*''[[Monuments to Courage]]'' (David Harvey, 1999)
*''[[Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross]]'' (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, Four Courts, 2000 {{ISBN|185182491X}})

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzgerald, Richard}}
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish military personnel]]
[[Category:Bengal Artillery soldiers]]
[[Category:Irish soldiers in the British East India Company Army]]
[[Category:Irish Anglicans]]
[[Category:Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Cork (city)]]

Sony Pictures Networks

2026-05-02T07:16:06Z

BanglaBlog: adding first post w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian media company}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| former_name = {{plainlist|
*SET India Private Limited (1995–2007)
*Multi Screen Media Private Limited (2007–2015)
*Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt Ltd. (2015–2022)
}}
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1995|09|30}}
| logo =
| logo_size = 120px
| logo_caption = Logo used since {{Start date and age|df=y|2015|12|14}}
| trading_name = Sony Pictures Networks India
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| key_people = {{ubl|Gaurav Banerjee {{small|([[managing director|MD]] & [[CEO]])}}|Sibaji Biswas {{small|([[CFO]])}}|Ritesh Khosla {{small|([[General counsel|General Counsel]])}}}}
| parent = [[Sony Pictures Television]]
| owner =
| homepage = [https://www.sonypicturesnetworks.com/home SPN India]
}}
'''Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.''', [[Trade name|trading as]] '''Sony Pictures Networks India''' ('''SPN''' or '''SPNI'''), is an Indian media conglomerate owned by [[Sony Pictures Television]].

SPN manages and operates 26 television channels, the streaming media platform [[SonyLIV]], as well as the television studio Studio NEXT and film studio Sony Pictures Networks Productions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/sony-pictures-new-revenue-avenues-after-ipl/103691|title=Sony Pictures Networks: Life after IPL|website=Fortune India|date=4 November 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003135/https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/sony-pictures-new-revenue-avenues-after-ipl/103691|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
It was founded on 30 September 1995<ref>{{Cite web|title=SET India Private Limited Information - SET India Private Limited Company Profile, SET India Private Limited News on The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/set-india-private-limited/U99999DL1995PTC072517|access-date=2021-10-15|website=The Economic Times|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024173608/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/set-india-private-limited/U99999DL1995PTC072517|url-status=live}}</ref> as Sony Entertainment Television India Private Limited (SET India Pvt Ltd.).<ref>{{Cite web|title=NP Singh is Multi Screen Media CEO|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/np-singh-is-multi-screen-media-ceo/article23172198.ece|access-date=2021-10-14|website=@businessline|date=3 January 2014|language=en|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174849/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/np-singh-is-multi-screen-media-ceo/article23172198.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SET INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED - Company, directors and contact details|website=Zauba Corp|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/SET-INDIA-PRIVATE-LIMITED/U99999DL1995PTC072517|access-date=2021-10-15|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029180121/https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/SET-INDIA-PRIVATE-LIMITED/U99999DL1995PTC072517|url-status=live}}</ref> The first channel from the company was [[Sony Entertainment Television]].

In 1999, SET India Pvt Ltd., launched its second channel [[Sony Max]]<ref>{{Cite web|title="We are getting into an aggressive growth mode now"- N.P. Singh|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/45930_we-are-getting-into-an-aggressive-growth-mode-now--np-singh|access-date=2021-10-14|website=afaqs!|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165311/https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/45930_we-are-getting-into-an-aggressive-growth-mode-now--np-singh|url-status=live}}</ref> which broadcast Hindi movies and sports events along with Sony Entertainment Television. In 2005, SET India Network bought SAB TV from Sri Adhikari Brothers and rebranded as [[Sony SAB]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-03-15|title=Adhikaris sell SAB TV brand to Sony for $13 m|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/adhikaris-sell-sab-tv-brand-to-sony-for-13-m/128751/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020100520/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/adhikaris-sell-sab-tv-brand-to-sony-for-13-m/128751/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006 SET India launched the English movie channel [[Sony Pix]].

In December 2007, SET India Private Limited was renamed as Multi Screen Media Private Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SET India renamed Multi Screen Media Pvt. Ltd|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/20025_set-india-renamed-multi-screen-media-pvt-ltd|access-date=2021-10-14|website=afaqs!|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165313/https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/20025_set-india-renamed-multi-screen-media-pvt-ltd|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2015, the company was renamed as Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/multi-screen-mediamsm-is-now-sony-pictures-networks-indiaspn-62676.html|title=Multi Screen Media (MSM) is now Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN)|newspaper=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – Exchange4Media|language=en|date=14 December 2015|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184228/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/multi-screen-mediamsm-is-now-sony-pictures-networks-indiaspn-62676.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Gouri|date=2014-01-03|title=N.P. Singh takes over as CEO at Multi-Screen Media|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/DwGXjREmMR6WkyS3fvYQcO/NP-Singh-takes-over-as-CEO-at-MSML.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029171537/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/DwGXjREmMR6WkyS3fvYQcO/NP-Singh-takes-over-as-CEO-at-MSML.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 October 2022, nearly all of Sony's networks underwent a rebranding coinciding with [[Diwali]], replacing the cropped "S" logo used by SET since its launch with the S-curve logo template used by Sony's television networks worldwide since 2019, and first used locally by SonyLIV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sony Pictures Networks India Rebrands Channel Portfolio |url=http://businessworld.inhttps//www.businessworld.in/article/Sony-Pictures-Networks-India-Rebrands-Channel-Portfolio/25-10-2022-451574 |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=BW Businessworld |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

=== Attempted merger with Zee ===

On 22 September 2021, [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] announced that it had reached an agreement in principle to merge its television networks, production operations, digital assets, and program libraries with SPN; the combined company would be majority-owned by Sony, and led by Zee CEO [[Punit Goenka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Entertainment Approves In-principle Merger With Sony Pictures India |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/zee-entertainment-signs-merger-deal-with-sony-pictures-india-7492871.html |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021143533/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/zee-entertainment-signs-merger-deal-with-sony-pictures-india-7492871.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sony Pictures India to Merge With Zee Entertainment |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/zee-to-merge-with-sony-pictures-india-1235018372 |access-date=2021-09-21 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922151655/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/zee-to-merge-with-sony-pictures-india-1235018372/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 21 December 2021, the two companies reached a definitive agreement to merge; it was stated that the combined company "should be well-positioned to meet the growing consumer demand for premium content across entertainment touchpoints and platform[s]."<ref>{{cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=Sony Pictures Networks, Zee Complete Merger to Create Indian TV Giant |url=https://variety.com/2021/global/news/sony-pictures-networks-zee-merger-complete-1235140626/ |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222033806/https://variety.com/2021/global/news/sony-pictures-networks-zee-merger-complete-1235140626/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the agreement, Sony will hold a 51% stake in the combined company, and inherit Zee's public listing on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |last2=Frater |first2=Patrick |date=2023-08-10 |title=Sony-Zee TV Mega Merger in India Is Given Green Light |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/sony-zee-tv-merger-in-india-1235692955/ |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The companies set a two-year deadline of 21 December 2023 to complete the merger, with a one-month grace period ending 20 January 2024.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Ksheerasagar |first=A. |date=2024-01-10 |title=Zee Entertainment stock rebounds, gains over 4%; here's why |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/zee-entertainment-stock-rebounds-gains-over-4-as-company-says-sony-merger-cancellation-report-baseless-11704865683747.html |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, SPN changed its corporate name to Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.; the name is used exclusively by the holding company, which continues to otherwise do business as Sony Pictures Networks.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=Zee-Sony merger wins CCI approval with modifications |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/zeesony-merger-wins-cci-approval-with-modifications-11664906869572.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> In October 2022, the merger was approved by the [[Competition Commission of India]] (CCI); it was reported that Zee had voluntarily agreed to divest or shut down one general entertainment channel as a condition of the approval.<ref name=":2" />

In June 2023, the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) prohibited Goenka from holding directorial positions in any listed company for one year, amid an investigation into allegations of [[insider trading]]; the action was considered to be a potential impediment to the closure of the merger, as he was expected to lead the combined company <ref name="Ramachandran">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-10-31 |title=Sony-Zee $10 Billion Merger Back on Track After Regulator Ban on MD Punit Goenka Lifted |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/punit-goenka-ban-sony-zee-merger-1235773910/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-13 |title=Zee shares fall 6% after Sebi order on Subhash Chandra, Punit Goenka |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/after-sebi-order-on-subhash-chandra-punit-goenka-zee-share-price-to-be-in-focus-11686624851405.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Frater |first1=Naman Ramachandran, Patrick |last2=Ramachandran |first2=Naman |last3=Frater |first3=Patrick |date=2023-06-13 |title=Punit Goenka, Subhash Chandra Barred by Regulators From Holding Management Positions at Zee, as Sony Merger Looms |url=https://variety.com/2023/global/global/zee-punit-goenka-subhash-chandra-sebi-ban-sony-1235641034/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> On 10 August 2023, the merger was approved by the [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT).<ref name=":1" /> In September 2023, Sony stated that the merger would be delayed for unspecified reasons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-09-29 |title=Sony-Zee Merger Delayed – Global Bulletin |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/sony-zee-merger-delay-1235739854/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> In November 2023, the SEBI lifted its ban on Goenka after an appeal.<ref name="Ramachandran"/>

On 9 January 2024, amid rumors that Sony was seeking to call off the merger, Zee issued a statement that it was still committed to completing the agreement, and called the reports "baseless".<ref name=":4" /> However, on 22 January 2024, Sony issued a notice to Zee effectively terminating the merger proceedings due to, among other reasons, the closing conditions to the merger not being satisfied by the given deadline of 21 January.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sony Calls Off $10 Billion Merger With Indian TV Giant Zee Entertainment Enterprises|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first1=Patrick|last1=Frater|first2=Naman|last2=Ramachandran|date=22 January 2024|access-date=22 January 2024|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/sony-zee-india-deal-halted-1235865873/}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{Main|Sony Sports Network}}
The network forayed into the Indian sports TV market in 2002 after acquiring the media rights for [[International Cricket Council|International Cricket Council (ICC)]] matches from 2002 to 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sony-bags-World-Cup-TV-rights/articleshow/1093996.cms|title=Sony bags World Cup TV rights|website=The Times of India|date=15 February 2002|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416013044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sony-bags-World-Cup-TV-rights/articleshow/1093996.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> which were broadcast on SET and Sony MAX.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/TV/Sony-to-air-ICC-Champion%e2%80%99s-Trophy-on-MAX-and-SET-no-plans-for-sports-channel._5159.html|title=Sony to air ICC Champion's Trophy on MAX and SET, no plans for sports channel|website=exchange4media|date=4 April 2002|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416073554/https://www.exchange4media.com/TV/Sony-to-air-ICC-Champion%e2%80%99s-Trophy-on-MAX-and-SET-no-plans-for-sports-channel._5159.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

SET / Sony MAX were known for animated Tiger sequences during the live TV match events of ICC Cricket World Cup 2003 - 2007 & ICC Champions Trophy 2006, for example Tiger do Bangra dance when batter hits a six. Sony Max referred the animation as the Deewana Tiger (Mascot) for the channel. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-02-26 |title=For Vivekananda, it's a tiger's tale for the World Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/for-vivekananda-its-a-tigers-tale-for-the-world-cup/articleshow/38604895.cms |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The animation was the brainchild of Vivekananda Roy Ghatak & it was created by 2NZAnimation for the Sony Max. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Up close with 2nz CEO & Climb Media Creative Director Kireet Khurana - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/interviews/up-close-with-2nz-ceo-climb-media-creative-director-kireet-khurana/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.animationxpress.com|date=21 June 2004 }}</ref>

In 2008, along with Singapore-based [[World Sport Group]], it won the broadcast rights for the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] for 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/330881.html|title=Sony and World Sports Group bag IPL television rights|website=ESPNCricinfo|date=14 January 2008|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413100628/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/330881.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2012, it launched its first sports channel [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Six]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/coming-from-sony-sports-channel-named-six-112032100025_1.html|title=Coming from Sony: Sports channel named Six|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=21 March 2012|access-date=16 April 2018|last1=Bhat|first1=Varada|archive-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416012959/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/coming-from-sony-sports-channel-named-six-112032100025_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2016, SPN acquired the [[Sony Sports Network|Ten Sports]] networks from Zee Entertainment Enterprises for $385 million, with the networks rebranded in 2017 under the "Sony TEN" brand, and integrated with Sony Six and Sony ESPN.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Bindu |title=Sony Pictures acquires Ten Sports for $385 m |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/sony-pictures-acquires-ten-sports-for-385-m/article9054961.ece |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=@businessline |date=31 August 2016 |language=en |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107140300/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/sony-pictures-acquires-ten-sports-for-385-m/article9054961.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-28 |title=Zee completes 1st phase of sale of TEN sports to Sony Pictures |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/zee-completes-1st-phase-of-sale-of-ten-sports-to-sony-pictures/569838/ |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=The Financial Express |language=en-US |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031002924/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/zee-completes-1st-phase-of-sale-of-ten-sports-to-sony-pictures/569838/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sony-pictures-networks-india-acquire-924610|title=Sony Pictures Networks India to Acquire Ten Sports for $385 Million|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=31 August 2016|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113447/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sony-pictures-networks-india-acquire-924610|url-status=live}}</ref>

==General entertainment==
In the widespread entertainment category, [[Sony Entertainment Television]] (SET)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setindia.com/us-en|title=SET India - Indian Television, Hindi Serials, TV Shows & Live Reality Soaps{{!}} Entertainment Channel|website=setindia.com|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005437/https://www.setindia.com/us-en|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Sony SAB]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabtv.com/en_in/contact|title=SAB TV|website=sabtv.com|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184229/https://www.sabtv.com/en_in/contact|url-status=live}}</ref> are the network's premier channels. Offering content from SET and Sony SAB is [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony Pal]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sony Pal Information|url=https://www.sonypal.in/aboutpal/21|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425120553/https://www.sonypal.in/aboutpal/21|url-status=dead}}</ref> a channel targeted towards rural Hindi-speaking markets. [[Sony YAY!]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sony-yay-turns-2-96339.html|title=Sony YAY! turns 2 - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=26 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806083033/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sony-yay-turns-2-96339.html|url-status=live}}</ref> is a kids’ entertainment channel that airs several shows in regional languages.

The network also has a joint venture with [[BBC Earth (TV channel)|BBC Earth]] to showcase non-fictional programming via [[Sony BBC Earth]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/it-is-official-sony-bbc-earth-launches-in-india/57423038|title=It is official! Sony BBC Earth launches in India - ET BrandEquity|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|website=ETBrandEquity.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184237/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/it-is-official-sony-bbc-earth-launches-in-india/57423038|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Owned channels==
=== On air channels ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:middle"
!Channel
!Launched
!Language
!Category
!SD/HD
!Notes
|-
| [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| 1995
| rowspan="9" | [[Hindi]]
| rowspan="4" | General Entertainment
| rowspan="2" | SD+HD
|
|-
| [[Sony SAB]]
| 1999
| Formerly ''SAB TV''
|-
| [[Sony Pal]]
| 2014
| rowspan="2" | SD
|
|-
| [[Sony Entertainment Television#Associated channels|Sony Kal]]
| 2022
| Available in [[United States|USA]] & [[Canada]] only
|-
| [[Sony Max]]
| 1999
| rowspan="4" | Movies
| SD+HD
|
|-
| [[Sony Max#Associated channels|Sony Max 1]]
| 2025
| rowspan="3" |SD
|
|-
| [[Sony Max#Associated channels|Sony Max 2]]
| 2014
|
|-
| [[Sony Max#Associated channels|Sony Wah]]
| 2016
|
|-
| [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 3 Hindi]]
| 2010
| Sports
| rowspan="6" | SD+HD
| Formerly ''Sony Ten 3''
|-
| [[Sony Pix]]
| 2006
| rowspan="4" | [[English language|English]]
| Movies
|
|-
| [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 1]]
| 2002
| rowspan="3" | Sports
| Formerly ''Sony Ten 1''
|-
| [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 2]]
| 2006
| Formerly ''Sony Ten 2''
|-
| [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 5]]
| 2012
| Formerly ''Sony Six''
|-
| [[Sony BBC Earth]]
| rowspan="2" | 2017
| [[English language|English]] [[Hindi]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| Infotainment
| Joint venture with ''[[BBC Studios]]''
|-
| [[Sony YAY!]]
|[[Hindi]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Kannada]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[Malayalam]] [[Odia language|Odia]]
| Kids
| rowspan="6" | SD
| Formerly ''Animax'' 
|-
| [[Sony Aath|Sony AATH]]
| 2009
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| rowspan="2" | General Entertainment
| Formerly ''Channel 8''
|-
| [[Sony Marathi]]
| 2018
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|-
| [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 4 Tamil]]
| rowspan="2" | 2025
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rowspan="3" | Sports
| Formerly ''Sony Ten 4''
|-
| [[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 4 Telugu]]
| [[Telugu language |Telugu]]
| Formerly ''Sony Ten 4 HD''
|-
|[[Sony Sports Network|Sony Sports Ten 4 Kannada]]
|2026
|[[Kannada]]
|
|}

=== Upcoming channel ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:middle"
!Channel
!Launching Date
!Language
!Category
!SD/HD
!Notes
|-
|Sony Vizha<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-10 |title=SPNI bets on the South: Plans Tamil channel launch - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/spni-bets-on-the-south-plans-tamil-channel-launch-151856.html |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>
|1 June 2026 (tentative)
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rowspan="3" |General Entertainment
| rowspan="3" |SD+HD
|{{TBA}}
|-
|Sony Telugu<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-10 |title=Sony Telugu Launch in August 2026 |url=https://www.sonypicturesnetworks.com/download-pdf-new/RIO-25-Ver5-Final-Clean27-Feb-2026 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Sony Pictures Networks |language=en}}</ref>
|1 August 2026 (tentative)
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|{{TBA}}
|-
|Sony Malayalam
|2027 (tentative)
|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|{{TBA}}
|}

===Defunct channels===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:middle"
!Channel
!Launched
!Defunct
!Language
!Category
!Video Format
!Notes
|-
| [[Sony Mix]]
| 2011
| 2020
| rowspan="4" | Hindi
| rowspan="2" | Music
| SD
|
|-
| [[Sony Rox HD]]
| 2017
| 2018
| HD
|
|-
| Sony Ten 3
| 2016
| 2022
| rowspan="4" | Sports
| rowspan="5" | SD+HD
| Rebranded as ''Sony Sports TEN 3''
|-
| Ten Cricket
| rowspan="3" | 2010
| rowspan="3" | 2016
|Rebranded as ''Sony Ten 3''
|-
| Ten Action
| rowspan="8" | English
|Rebranded as ''Sony Ten 2''
|-
|Ten Sports
|Rebranded as ''Sony Ten 1''
|-
| [[AXN (Indian TV channel)|AXN]]
| 1999
| 2020
| General Entertainment
|
|-
| [[Sony Le Plex HD]]
| 2016
| 2018
| Movies
| HD
|
|-
| [[Animax (Indian TV channel)|Animax]]
| 2004
| 2017
| Kids
| SD
| Replaced by ''[[Sony Yay]]''
|-
| Sony Ten 1
| 2002
| rowspan="3" | 2022
| rowspan="7" | Sports
| rowspan="3" | SD+HD
| Rebranded as ''Sony Sports TEN 1''
|-
| Sony Ten 2
| 2016
| Rebranded as ''Sony Sports TEN 2''
|-
| Sony Six
| 2012
| Rebranded as ''Sony Sports TEN 5''
|-
| Sony Kix
| 2015
| 2016
| English Hindi
| SD
| Rebranded as ''[[Sony ESPN]]''
|-
| [[Sony ESPN]]
| 2016
| 2020
| English Hindi Tamil Telugu Bengali Kannada Malayalam
| SD+HD
| Joint venture by ''[[ESPN Inc.]]''
|-
| Sony Ten Golf HD
| 2015
| 2018
| English Hindi
| HD
| Formerly ''Ten Golf HD''
|-
| Sony Ten 4
| 2021
| 2022
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| SD+HD
| Rebranded as ''Sony Sports TEN 4''
|}

== Streaming platform ==
{{main|SonyLIV}}

In January 2013, the network forayed into video-on-demand with the launch of its OTT platform, [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sonyliv-launches-video-on-demand-service/article23094096.ece|title=SonyLIV launches video-on-demand service|date=22 January 2013|language=en|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184238/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sonyliv-launches-video-on-demand-service/article23094096.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Its library consists of content from the network's channels in India such as SET and Sony SAB, alongside originals such as, Gullak,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/sonyliv-launches-new-hindi-original-web-series-gullak-97701.html|title=SonyLIV launches new Hindi original webisode series, Gullak - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=27 June 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184223/https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/sonyliv-launches-new-hindi-original-web-series-gullak-97701.html|url-status=live}}</ref> LIV Shout Out<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/sonyliv-brings-its-first-ever-unscripted-original-liv-shout-out-with-aditya-narayan/|title=SonyLIV brings its first ever unscripted original, LIV Shout Out with Aditya Narayan|date=2020-02-14|website=MediaNews4U|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225185729/https://www.medianews4u.com/sonyliv-brings-its-first-ever-unscripted-original-liv-shout-out-with-aditya-narayan/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Holycross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/tarun-gahlot-holy-cross-vikram-bhatts-web-series-sonyliv/2019/01/24|title=Tarun Gahlot in Holy Cross, Vikram Bhatt's web-series for SonyLIV|last=Rajesh|first=Srividya|date=2019-01-24|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184229/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/tarun-gahlot-holy-cross-vikram-bhatts-web-series-sonyliv/2019/01/24|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from archival and regional content, movie premieres, short films and LIVE sports are also a part of SonyLIV's offerings.

The platform has crossed 109 million app downloads.

== Movies ==
[[Sony Max|Sony MAX]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymax.tv/en_us/|title=SONY MAX - Deewana bana de|website=sonymax.tv|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=24 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224023303/https://www.sonymax.tv/en_us/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sony Max|Sony MAX1]] and [[Sony Max#Sony Max 2|Sony MAX2]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonymax2.tv/en_in/static/about-max2/3|title=Sony MAX2|website=sonymax2.tv|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928063041/https://www.sonymax2.tv/en_in/static/about-max2/3|url-status=live}}</ref> offer Hindi cinema to viewers. Sony MAX showcases world premieres, while Sony MAX HD focuses to Indian viewers who prefer a high definition viewing experience. Sony MAX1 and Sony MAX2 caters to viewers who appreciate evergreen Indian cinema.Alongside these, the network offers [[Sony Pix|Sony PIX]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonypix.com/content/1256|title=Sony PIX|website=sonypix.com|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184227/https://www.sonypix.com/content/1256|url-status=live}}</ref> basing its programming on Hollywood films and [[Sony Max#Sony Wah|Sony WAH]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonywah.tv/en_us|title=SONY WAH|website=sonywah.tv|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310043404/https://www.sonywah.tv/en_us|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Studio NEXT ==
An independent business unit of SPNI, Studio NEXT creates original content and IPs for television and digital media within India and globally.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Laghate|first=Gaurav|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/sony-pictures-launches-separate-content-unit/articleshow/65570117.cms|title=Sony Pictures launches separate content unit|date=2018-08-28|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411014435/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/sony-pictures-launches-separate-content-unit/articleshow/65570117.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The venture began its journey by producing the debutant season of ''[[Kus Bani Koshur Karorpaet]]'', the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] adaptation of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' but like other [[Languages of India|vernacular Indian]] adaptations, structured more in line with Indian flagship, national adaptation in ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''.{{efn|Although season 10 of ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|KBC]]'' was reported to be co-produced with the legacy, pre-existing production company [[BIG Synergy]] by at least 2 sources,<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 August 2018|title=Sony's production house Studio Nxt to co-produce KBC 10|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/production-house/fiction/sonys-production-house-studio-nxt-to-co-produce-kbc-10-180829|access-date=6 July 2021|website=INDIANtelevision.com|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184811/https://indiantelevision.com/television/production-house/fiction/sonys-production-house-studio-nxt-to-co-produce-kbc-10-180829|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Saini|first=Sonam|date=29 August 2018|title=SET signs 8 sponsors for KBC 10, 65% inventory sold before launch|url=https://exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/set-signs-8-sponsors-for-kbc-1065inventory-sold-before-launch--91803.html|access-date=6 July 2021|website=exhange4media|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715110325/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/set-signs-8-sponsors-for-kbc-1065inventory-sold-before-launch--91803.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the contract-documents from the company noted only the latter [as the producing-entity],<ref>Such as [https://setindia.com/pdf/Kaun-Banega-Crorepati-TnC.pdf this one.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184342/https://setindia.com/pdf/Kaun-Banega-Crorepati-TnC.pdf |date=9 July 2021 }}</ref> as has been the case for preceding seasons. Nevertheless, it remained uncredited on-screen. Thereby, making ''[[Kus Bani Koshur Karorpaet]]'' their first-ever credited project.}} Going forward, Studio NEXT will continue to produce new IPs whilst leveraging the existing ones under [[Sony Entertainment]] ownership.

== Corporate social responsibility ==
'Ek India Happywala' is the call-to-action under which the network guides its contribution towards society. To create change in society, it focuses on 3 impact areas - Environment, Education and Empowerment.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/sony-pictures-networks-india-takes-a-step-towards-change-provides-over-2000000-litres-of-potable-water-to-villages-in|title=Sony Pictures Networks India Takes a Step Towards Change - Provides over 20,00,000 litres of Potable Water to Villages in Maharashtra|date=2019-06-03|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184226/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/sony-pictures-networks-india-takes-a-step-towards-change-provides-over-2000000-litres-of-potable-water-to-villages-in|url-status=live}}</ref>

The network associates itself with several NGOs such as Krida Vikas Sanstha,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswireindia.com/the-spn-national-inclusion-cup-2019-a-csr-initiative-of-sony-pictures-networks-india-61992.html|title=The SPN National Inclusion Cup 2019 a CSR Initiative of Sony Pictures Networks India|website=businesswireindia.com|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184234/https://www.businesswireindia.com/the-spn-national-inclusion-cup-2019-a-csr-initiative-of-sony-pictures-networks-india-61992.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cricket Association for the Blind of Maharashtra (CABM)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonypicturesnetworks.com/news-details/0/348/sony-pictures-networks-associates-with-the-cricket-association-for-the-blind-of-maharashtra-for-the-state-level-cricket-tournament|title=Sony Pictures Networks associates with the Cricket Association for the Blind of Maharashtra for the state level cricket tournament|website=Sony Pictures Networks|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184224/https://www.sonypicturesnetworks.com/news-details/0/348/sony-pictures-networks-associates-with-the-cricket-association-for-the-blind-of-maharashtra-for-the-state-level-cricket-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> and ConnectEd Technologies to name a few, and undertakes initiatives such as providing clean drinking water to drought-affected areas in Maharashtra<ref name=":3" /> and supporting upcoming Indian athletes with equipment and training required to compete at international events among a few.

==See also==
* [[Sony India]]
* [[Sony Sports Network]]
* [[Sony Pictures]]
*[[Sony Pictures Television]]
* [[Sony]]

==Notes and references==
{{Notelist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Sony Pictures Networks India}}
{{Sony Pictures}}
{{Sony Corp}}

[[Category:Sony Pictures Networks India| ]]
[[Category:Television broadcasting companies of India]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Television networks in India]]
[[Category:Culver Max Entertainment]]

Philip Gunawardena

2026-04-18T15:37:45Z

BanglaBlog: creating initial page added tags

{{Short description|Sri Lankan politician}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honorable|Hon.]]
| name = Philip Gunawardena
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Philip-Gunawardena.jpg
| caption =
| order =
| office1 = [[Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development|Minister of Fisheries and Industry]]
| monarch1 = [[Elizabeth II]]
| prime_minister1 = [[Dudley Senanayake]]
| term_start1 = 1965
| term_end1 = 1970
| predecessor1 = [[W. J. C. Munasinha]]
| successor1 = [[George Rajapaksa]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Agriculture (Sri Lanka)|Minister of Agriculture and Food]]
| monarch2 = [[Elizabeth II]]
| prime_minister2 = [[S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike]]
| term_start2 = 1956
| term_end2 = 1959
| predecessor2 = [[J. R. Jayewardene]]
| successor2 = [[C. P. de Silva]]
| office3 =
| constituency_MP3 = [[Avissawella Electoral District|Avissawella]]
| parliament3 = Ceylon
| term_start3 = 1956
| term_end3 = 1970
| predecessor3 = [[Kusumasiri Gunawardena]]
| successor3 = [[Bonnie Jayasuriya]]
| term_start4 = 1947
| term_end4 = 1947
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 = [[Kusumasiri Gunawardena]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|01|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = Boralugoda, [[Avissawella]], [[British Ceylon]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1972|03|26|1901|01|11|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Colombo]], [[Dominion of Ceylon]]
| party = [[Mahajana Eksath Peramuna]]
| other_party = [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]]
| spouse = [[Kusumasiri Gunawardena]]
| children = [[Indika Gunawardena]], [[Prasanna Gunawardena]], Lakmali Gunawardena, [[Dinesh Gunawardena]], [[Gitanjana Gunawardena]]
| alma_mater = [[Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa]] [[Ananda College]] [[University of Colombo]] [[University of Illinois]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| profession =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
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'''Don Philip Rupasinghe Gunawardena'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhanapala |first=D.B. |title=Among Those Present |date=1963 |publisher=D.B. Nihalsinghe |isbn=978-955-53462-0-7 |edition=2nd |location=Colombo, Sri Lanka |publication-date=2012 |pages=136–144}}</ref> (11 January 1901 – 26 March 1972) was a [[Sri Lanka]]n [[Marxist]] politician and leftist. A founder of the [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]], the first political party in [[Ceylon]] which was known for having introduced [[Trotskyism]], he later founded the [[Mahajana Eksath Peramuna]] (along with [[William de Silva]]) and was called 'the Father of Socialism' and 'the Lion of Boralugoda'. A member of the [[State Council of Ceylon]] and the [[Parliament of Ceylon]], he served as the [[Ministry of Agriculture (Sri Lanka)|Minister of Agriculture and food]] under [[S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike]] from 1956 to 1959 and as [[Minister of Industries and Fisheries (Ceylon)|Minister of Industries and Fisheries]] in the national government under [[Dudley Senanayake]] from 1965 to 1970.

==Early life and family==
Born Don Philip Rupasinghe Gunawardena on 11 January 1901 in the rural village of Boralugoda in the [[Avissawella]] in the Hevagam Korale. His mother was Dona Liyanora Gunasekera from Dompe in the Siyana Korale. His father was Don Jakolis Rupasinghe Gunawardena, known as ''Boralugoda Ralahamy'' was a local landowner who served as the [[village headman]] (Ralahamy) and [[Vidane Arachchi]] until he was imprisoned and sentenced to death under [[martial law]] during the [[1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots]], the sentence later being reprieved by the Governor following a petition by his wife. He was the third child of a family of three boys and seven girls, which included [[Robert Gunawardena]] and [[Caroline Anthonypillai]] who became leftist politicians. [[Vivienne Goonewardena]] was his niece.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunawardena, Don Jacolis Rupasinghe (Boralugoda Appuhamy - The Lion of Boralugoda) 1879-1947 - Family #3069 |url=http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/gen3069.html |website=worldgenweb.org |publisher=Sri Lanka Genealogy Website - Sinhalese Family Genealogy |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Having attended the local temple Boralugoda Temple and the village school Siddhartha Vidyalaya, Kaluaggala for his primary education, he attended the [[Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa]] and [[Ananda College]] in [[Colombo]] for his secondary education. When studying at Ananda College, he was boarded at the house of [[T. B. Jayah]]. Having passed his London matriculation, he entered the [[University College, Colombo]] to study economics and soon joined the [[Ceylon National Congress]], but was drawn towards the activities of the Young Lanka League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2008/03/23/fea02.asp|title=Remembering Philip Gunawardena, a man of the people |date=2008-03-23|website=Sunday Observer|language=en|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/03/26/fea01.asp|title=Philip Gunawardena, an illustrious son of the soil |date=2009-03-26|website=Daily News|language=en|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref>

===Studies in the United States===
His father wanted him to study in the United Kingdom and become a [[barrister]]. Instead at the age of 21, he traveled to the United States where he studied economics at the [[University of Illinois]], there he was radicalized and got caught up in the [[Labor history of the United States#Weakness of organized labor, 1920–1929|declining labor movement]] during the [[Great Depression]]. Two years later, he moved to the more radical [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], where he met [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]. The two were introduced by [[Avrom Landy]] to the [[Communist Party of the United States]].<ref name=Ervin>Charles Wesley Ervin, ''Tomorrow is Ours:the Trotskyist Movement in India and Ceylon, 1935–48'', Colombo: Social Scientists Association, 2006</ref> Woodward has recorded that Gunawardena received his training in Marxism from Scott Nearing (1883–1983). He completed [[Bachelor of Science]] and [[Master of Science]] degrees in agricultural economics. In 1925, he joined [[Columbia University]] for post-graduate doctoral studies.

==Early political career in the United States and Europe==
In 1927 Gunawardena joined the [[League Against Imperialism]] in New York, where he worked with [[José Vasconcelos]] of Mexico, gaining a working knowledge of Spanish.<ref name="Ervin" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/40829|title="Boralugoda Sinhaya"Philip Gunawardena Tried to Blend Nationalism and Marxism Into "Jathika Samajavadaya"|last=Administrator|date=2015-04-22|website=dbsjeyaraj.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07|archive-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817052541/https://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/40829|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1929 he went to London, where he participated in mass agitations and anti-colonial movements, excelling as a brilliant orator, trade unionist, and political columnist. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Krishna Menon]] of India, [[Jomo Kenyatta]] of Kenya, [[Tan Malaka]] of Indonesia, and [[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] of Mauritius were some of his contemporary colleagues who later played prominent roles in their respective countries.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{Cite book|last=Ervin|first=Charles W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IPSAAAAIAAJ|title=Philip Gunawardena: the making of a revolutionary|date=January 2001|publisher=Social Scientists' Association|isbn=978-955-9102-34-2|language=en}}</ref>

He joined the staff of the new ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Daily Worker]]'' and took over the [[Shapurji Saklatvala|Workers' Welfare League of India]], an organisation founded by [[Shapurji Saklatvala]]. He later crossed the channel to Europe and worked alongside socialist groups in France and Germany.<ref name="Ervin" />

==='T-Group'===
In the midst of the [[Comintern]]'s 'Left Turn', Gunawardena surreptitiously joined the Marxian Propaganda League of [[FA Ridley]] and Hansraj Aggarwala, who opposed the [[Stalinism|Stalinists']] characterisation of the [[Social Democratic]] parties as [[Social fascism|social fascist]]. When Ridley and Aggarwala broke with [[Leon Trotsky]], Gunawardena sided with the latter. In 1932 he travelled on the Orient Express to meet Trotsky at [[Prinkipo]], but was stopped at [[Sofia]] by police.<ref name="Ervin" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guṇavardhana|first1=Pilip|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/32862472|title=Philip Gunawardena : the state council years 1936-1942 : speeches made in the Legislature|last2=Meegama|first2=Ananda|last3=Society|first3=Philip Gunawardena Commemoration|date=2006|publisher=Colombo : Godage International Publishers|isbn=978-955-20-9707-2|edition=1st|language=English}}</ref>

At the British conference of the League Against Imperialism, in May 1932, Gunawardena introduced a counter-resolution on India against those moved by [[Harry Pollitt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2020/01/15/local/208480/parliamentary-speeches-philip-gunawardena-released|title=Parliamentary speeches of Philip Gunawardena released|website=Daily News|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> As a result, the [[Communist Party of Great Britain]] expelled him for Trotskyism.<ref name="Ervin" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Robert Jackson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_eUtQjseKaIC&q=Philip+Gunawardena&pg=PA188|title=International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement|date=1991|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1066-2|language=en}}</ref>

However, he had gathered around him several like-minded Ceylonese, including [[N. M. Perera]], [[Colvin R de Silva]] and [[Leslie Goonewardena|Leslie Goonewardene]]. They came to be known as the 'T-Group' – later forming the nucleus of the Trotskyist faction of the [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]].<ref name="Ervin" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2017/03/26/news/philip-gunawardena-commemoration|title=Philip Gunawardena commemoration|date=2017-03-25|website=Sunday Observer|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

[[Scotland Yard]], under orders from the [[India Office]], thwarted him from his aim of going to India to build a new Communist Party there.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1958-60v15/d190|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, South and Southeast Asia, Volume XV - Office of the Historian|website=history.state.gov|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> He set out for the continent, meeting members of the [[Left Opposition]] in Paris. He then hiked over the [[Pyrenees]] to [[Barcelona]], where he had a rare opportunity to meet the [[Communist Left of Spain|Trotskyists]] of Spain{{spaced ndash}}who were soon to undergo a [[Spanish Civil War|civil war]].<ref name="Ervin" /> His passport was impounded by the British authorities and on the urging of [[Don Baron Jayatilaka|D. B. Jayatilaka]] at the request of his father he was allowed to return to Ceylon.

==Pre-war political career==
===Ceylonese colonial political===
Soon after his return to Ceylon in November 1932, he plunged into active politics organising rural peasants, plantation workers and urban workers. He pioneered the founding of [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]] (LSSP) in 1935. In 1936 he was elected to the [[State Council of Ceylon]] from his home town of [[Avissawella]], defeating [[Forester Augustus Obeysekera|F. A. Obeysekera]] where he continued his struggle for the betterment of workers and peasants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/g/u.htm|title=Glossary of People: Gu|website=www.marxists.org|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Llc|first=Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbDIbwAACAAJ|title=Sri Lankan Communists: Tissa Wijeyeratne, Philip Gunawardena, N. Shanmugathasan, Hedi Stadlen, Rohana Wijeweera, Saman Piyasiri Fernando|date=September 2010|publisher=General Books LLC|isbn=978-1-157-34347-9|language=en}}</ref>

===Opposition to the war effort and imprisonment===
When [[World War II]] brock out in the far east in 1941, the LSSP openly opposed to the British war effort and its members had to go underground. Philip Gunawardena was arrested and imprisoned due to his open opposition to the British war effort on the Governor's orders. On 5 April 1942, during the [[Easter Sunday Raid|Japanese air raid on Colombo]], LSSP leaders including Gunawardena were able to escape from prison. Going by the name Gurusamy, in July 1942 he escaped to India and participated in the independence struggle there. As a result his seat in the State Council made vacant in July 1942 and was filled by [[Bernard Jayasuriya]] in the by election that followed. In 1943 he was rearrested and detained in [[Mumbai]], and after many months deported to Ceylon to where he was given a six month sentence for escaping and was imprisoned till the end of war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/opinion/47th-Death-Anniversary-of-Philip-Gunawardena---March-26-The-Fiery-Marxist-who-Valued--Local-Culture/172-164507|title=47th Death Anniversary of Philip Gunawardena - March 26 The Fiery Marxist who Valued Local Culture|website=www.dailymirror.lk|language=English|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

==Post-war political career==
On his release in 1945, he resumed his political and trade union activities. The LSSP had split during the war and Gunawardena and N. M. Perera had formed the ''Workers' Opposition''. The reformed LSSP contested the [[1947 Ceylonese parliamentary election|1947 general election]] and emerged as the main opposition party with 10 seats in the [[1st Parliament of Ceylon|first Parliament]]. Gunawardena who contested from the [[Avissawella Electoral District|Avissawella electorate]] defeating Bernard Jayasuriya was elected to Parliament. His brother [[Robert Gunawardena]] was also elected to parliament from the LSSP from [[Kotte Electoral District|Kotte]]. However, he soon lost his seat when he was convicted by the district court and sentenced to three months rigorous imprisonment for leading employees of the South Western Transport Company owned by [[Cyril de Zoysa|Sir Cyril de Zoysa]] in a general strike in 1947. As a result of the conviction he lost his [[civic rights]] for seven years. In the by-election that followed, his wife [[Kusumasiri Gunawardena]] won the Avissawella seat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.island.lk/2001/01/11/featur02.html|title=featur02|website=www.island.lk|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

===Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party===
A process of reunification was initiated between the LSSP and the [[Bolshevik Samasamaja Party]] (BSP) in 1950, which was opposed by Gunawardena<ref>{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Robert Jackson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_eUtQjseKaIC&q=LSSP+became+fourth+international+1950&pg=PA186|title=International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement|date=1991|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1066-2|language=en}}</ref> as a result he left the LSSP and formed a new party, [[Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party]] (VLSSP) in 1951.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Scalapino|first=Robert A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hKCAAAAIAAJ&q=Viplavakari+Lanka+Sama+Samaja+Party+foundation|title=The Communist Revolution in Asia: Tactics, Goals, and Achievements|date=1965|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=9780131530492|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kearney 1983 17–33">{{Cite journal|last=Kearney|first=Robert N.|date=1983|title=The Political Party System in Sri Lanka|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2150202|journal=Political Science Quarterly|volume=98|issue=1|pages=17–33|doi=10.2307/2150202|jstor=2150202|issn=0032-3195|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fall of the Leftist Movement|url=https://archive.ceylontoday.lk/features-more/2878 |website=CeylonToday |language=en |access-date=2020-07-08}}</ref> The VLSSP entered into an electoral alliance with the [[Communist Party of Sri Lanka|Communist Party]] and contested the [[1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election|1952 general election]], in which his wife Kusumasiri Gunawardena was returned to parliament from Avissawella as the only candidate from the VLSSP to be elected.

===Minister of Agriculture, Food, and Co-operatives===
He led the [[Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party]] (VLSSP) since 1951 and as a constituent party formed the [[Mahajana Eksath Peramuna]] (MEP, Peoples' United Front) in 1956 under the leadership of [[S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike]] to form what it call the "first people's government" in [[1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election|1956 general election]]. At that election, in 1956, he won the Avissawella seat with a large majority and was appointed as a key member of the Bandaranaike's cabinet as the Minister of Agriculture, Food, and Co-operatives.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=A. Jeyaratnam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hj22Puk37IUC&q=Philip+Gunawardena&pg=PA125|title=Electoral Politics in an Emergent State: The Ceylon General Election of May 1970|date=2010-06-10|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-15311-9|language=en}}</ref> He is remembered as the architect of the ''Paddy Lands Act'' which brought relief to the tenant cultivator and spearheaded the Port and Bus nationalization, introduction of Multipurpose Co-operatives movement and establishing of the [[People's Bank (Sri Lanka)|Co-operative Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/tag/47th-commemoration-of-the-late-philip-gunawardena/|title=47th commemoration of the late Philip Gunawardena Archives|website=Sri Lanka News - Newsfirst|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> At the 1959 [[May Day]] rally, Gunawardena claimed that the government was threatened by a conspiracy within and on 18 May 1959, Gunawardena resigned from his ministerial position with other VLSSP members citing differences with right wing factions of the Bandaranaike's cabinet. [[Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike|Bandaranaike was assassinated]] on 26 September 1959.

===Mahajana Eksath Peramuna===
In 1959, he reformed the VLSSP into the [[Mahajana Eksath Peramuna]] (MEP) which was a leftist in ideology, but was not Trotskyist. MEP contested the [[March 1960 Ceylonese parliamentary election|March 1960 general election]] winning ten parliamentary seats, however this number was reduced to three [[July 1960 Ceylonese parliamentary election|in the July 1960 general election]]. Gunawardena retained his seat in parliament on both occasions and later the MEP joined in with the LSSP and the Communist Party to form the United Left Front.<ref>{{cite news |title=Philip Gunawardena an illustrious son of the soil |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2001/pix/PrintPage.asp?REF=/2009/03/26/fea01.asp |access-date=9 June 2021 |work=Daily News}}</ref>

===Minister of Industries and Fisheries===
In 1964, the [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party]] government of [[Sirima Bandaranaike]] lost its majority in parliament after over its move to nationalize [[Lakehouse Newspapers]] and the defection of [[C. P. de Silva]]. In the election that followed in 1965, only Gunawardena was elected parliament from the MEP and he joined the national government led by [[Dudley Senanayake]] and was appointed as the Cabinet Minister of Industries and Fisheries and served till 1970. He established the Industrial Development Board, strengthened and expanded state industrial corporations and national private sector industries, and planned the development of the fisheries sector with the formation of the Fisheries Corporation. Soviet aid he developed the Tyre Corporations and Steel Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ft.lk/opinion/Philip-Gunawardena--Highly-intelligent--well-read-and-acutely-observant-master-of-trade/14-695299|title=Philip Gunawardena: Highly intelligent, well-read and acutely observant master of trade {{!}} Daily FT|website=www.ft.lk|language=English|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

==Last years==
He lost his parliamentary seat in the [[1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election|1970 general election]] to Bonnie Jayasuriya of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He started on a process of reorganizing the MEP before he fell ill, he died on 26 March 1972 at the age of 72 after a long illness.<ref>{{cite news |title=GUNAWARDENA DIES; CEYLONESE MARXIST |work=The New York Times |date=28 March 1972 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/28/archives/gunawa-ardena-dies-ceylons-marxist.html |access-date=9 June 2021 }}</ref> His seat was contested by his son [[Dinesh Gunawardena]] in the [[1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election|1977 general election]] and lost to M. D. Premaratne from the United National Party. He finally entered parliament in 1983 from a by-election in [[Maharagama]].

==Personal life==
Philip Gunawardena married [[Kusumasiri Gunawardena|Kusuma Amarasinha]], in 1939, who later served as member of parliament from 1948 to 1960. They are parents to [[Indika Gunawardena]] former cabinet minister, [[Prasanna Gunawardena]] former mayor of Colombo, Lakmali Gunawardena state award winner of literature, [[Dinesh Gunawardena]] current [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka]], and [[Gitanjana Gunawardena]] former minister.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gunawardena|first=Charles A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWLQSMPddikC&q=Philip+Gunawardena&pg=PA172|title=Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka|date=2005|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-48-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/|title=Colombo Telegraph|website=Colombo Telegraph|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> His niece was [[Vivienne Goonewardene]], who married [[Leslie Goonewardene]], another founder of the [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party|LSSP]].<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/> His grandson [[Yadamini Gunawardena]] was appointed to parliament from the [[National List (Sri Lanka)|national list]] of the [[Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance]].

== See also ==
*[[List of political families in Sri Lanka]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.infolanka.com/org/diary/241.html Philip Gunawardena was a Great Politician]
*[http://www.island.lk/2008/08/22/features3.html Fifty years of the Paddy Lands Act of 1958] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227153938/http://www.island.lk/2008/08/22/features3.html|date=27 December 2017}}

{{LSSP}}
{{MEP}}

{{Members of 1st Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 3rd Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 4th Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 5th Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 6th Parliament of Ceylon}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gunawardena, Philip}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Agriculture ministers of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Ananda College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa]]
[[Category:Escapees from British Ceylon detention]]
[[Category:Industries ministers of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Lanka Sama Samaja Party politicians]]
[[Category:Mahajana Eksath Peramuna politicians]]
[[Category:Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:Members of the 1st Parliament of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Members of the 3rd Parliament of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th Parliament of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Members of the 5th Parliament of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th Parliament of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Members of the 2nd State Council of Ceylon]]
[[Category:People from British Ceylon]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British Ceylon]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan independence activists]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan journalists]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan socialists]]
[[Category:20th-century Sri Lankan trade unionists]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences alumni]]

Places of worship in Mavelikkara

2026-04-15T17:48:07Z

BanglaBlog: creating first data w/ refs

{{more citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

== Temples ==
* [[Chettikulangara Devi Temple]], founded in AD 823, is a Bhagawathy Temple. The major festival is [[Kumbha Bharani]].
* [[Onampalil Devi Temple Ponnezha]], is a Bhagawathy Temple.[[CHOONATTU KUDUMBAM]].
* Kannamangalam south mahadevar temple.
* [[Kandiyoor Sree Mahadeva Temple]], also known as Dakshina Kashi, is the oldest historical evidence of the rich heritage of Mavelikkara. The Kandiyoor Temple is one of 108 temples dedicated to [[Shiva]]. Saint Mrikandu, the father and guru of Markandeya, got an idol of Kiratha Moorthy, while taking a bath in the [[Ganges]]. He heard a divine voice telling him to put the idol in a holy place. Mrikandu travelled far and finally reached Kandiyoor, whose name derives from "Kandathil Nalla Ooru" meaning "the best place ever seen". Thus, the temple was established and renamed Kandiyoor.
* Sree Krishna Swami Temple is managed and owned by the Travancore Devaswom board. The main festival is held during Meenam. The Statue of Buddha at the Buddha junction in front of the temple has been recovered from the Achankovil River.
* Puthiyacavu Devi Temple is managed and owned by NSS.
* Velathandethu kaavu, Pallarimangalam
* Perkattu Sree Dharma Sastha Temple, Puthiyacavu.
* [[Malimel Bhagavathi Temple]]: located in Kurathikad, owned by Nadalayil family trust. Main festival is the 'Revathi Thirunal' festival in Meenam (Malayalam) month. The Sapthaha Yanjam and Anpoli vazhipadu by youngsters of the village are the main attractions during the festival time. Devotees believing that one of the upadevatha calling "Ammumma" giving protection during pregnancy period & delivery time if the pregnant woman keeping one stone from the Ammumma's temple. Pregnant ladies from other areas also coming & following the custom.
* Chunakara Thiruvairoor Mahadevar Temple is the oldest historical temple located in Chunakara, which is 11 km from Mavelikkara. Its festival season is in January and February.
* Vettiyar Palliyarakavu Temple, Vettiyar.
* Velathandethu Kaavu, Pallarimangalam
* [[Padanilam_Parabrahma_Temple|Padanilam Parabrahma Temple, Nooranad]]
* Shree Parabhramodya Temple, Varenickal. There is no building structure for the Shreekovil as the God has forbidden any construction at the site. The festival at the temple held during the December–January ''Mandala'' season.
* Shree Saraswati Temple is situated at Thattarambalam dedicated to Saraswati Devi. Recent donations have led to better developments of the temple structure. Its main festival is held during the Navarathri Festival period dedicated to Durga Devi.
* Ponnaramthottam Devi Temple, located near Power House and District Court.This is ancient temple and a rare temple in India Durga and Bhadra is the main prathista. Main festival is on Patham Udayam. Devotees believes in pongala festival on [[Vishu]] day for achieving goals. Only this temple in kerala supply Ayurvedic Medical "awshadha kanji"on Karkidakam season after Deepa araadhana. Every January Ponnaramthottam temple celebrate "Navaham" (9 days pooja) and Anna Danam is Famous for arrangements and neatness.
* Dhanwanthari Temple, Prayikkara.
* Subramanya Swamy Temple, Thazhakkara.
* Ganapathy Temple, Aalthara, Padinjare Nada.
* Sree Durga Devi Temple, Karazhma.
* Ulachikkadu Sree Mahavishnu Temple, Karazhma.
* Mannoor Madhom Siva Temple.
* Mattom Narasimha Swamy Temple is situated in the north of Thattarambalam. It is one of the oldest temple in Mavelikara,{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}, situated near Achankovil river. The festival of the temple takes place during Vrichikam (November–December).
* Mannalil Temple is situated to the south of Aranoottimangalam. The festival day is Makaram 28, known as "Irupathettam Ucharam".
* Tharamel Devi Kshethram is another Bhagavathi temple situated in the central part of Aranoottimangalam. This temple originally belonged to the Kalaykkattu Family, but has been handed over to the NSS Karayogam No.66 by the family's heads, Nalayyathu Chellappan Nair and Thattarethu Damodara Panicker. It is now owned and managed by the NSS Karayogam, No.66, and renovation work has just been completed.
* Ammancheril Devi Kshethram is also in Aranoottimangalam.
* Eravankara Malamutam Mahadeva Temple, Eravankara.
* Eravankara Anandeshwarathu Mahadeva Temple, Eravankara.
* Kattuvallil Shree Dharma Shastha Temple
* Peringra Maha Ganapati Temple, Pela.
* Mullikulangara Temple is a Bhagawathy Temple, situated near Thekkekkara Panchayath. The festival of the temple takes place during Meenam. Mullikulangara Bhagawathy and Chettikulangara Bhagawathy are considered as Sisters.
* Umbernadu Shree Dharma Shastha Temple.
* Umbernadu "Chettiyarezhath Bhadrakali Ancient Temple".
* Vathikulangara Devi temple. Mavelikara
* Veerad Vishwakarma Temple, Kurathikadu, Mavelikkara
* Vadakkodukkathu Shiva Temple, Umbernadu, Mavelikara
* Vadakke Mankuzhi Sri Bhadrakali Temple (Puthanambalam), situated in Thadathilal on the way from Mavelikara to Kurathikad. It is now owned and managed by the NSS Karayogam. The main festival is held in Kumbham on Revathi every year. Sapthaham and Pongala is offered by the villagers every year.
* [[Kandiyoor_Sree_Mahadeva_Temple|Kandiyoor Devi Kshetram, Kandiyoor, Mavelikara]]<ref>Kandiyoor Devi Khsetram http://www.kandiyoordevikshetram.com/</ref>
* Keerthipuram Sreekrishna Swamy Temple, near Kandiyoor Aarattukadavu
* [[Mavelikara Maruthakshi Devi Temple|Maruthakshi Devi Temple]], Near Railway Station, Mavelikara. Kumbham Aswathy is the day for annual Aswathy festival, just a day before Kumbha Bharani at Chettikulangara. The festival forms the cultural fabric of Mavelikara with colorful processions<ref>https://www.facebook.com/maruthakshidevi// {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924210820/https://www.facebook.com/maruthakshidevi/ |date=24 September 2019 }} {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/9%C2%B014%2733.9%22N+76%C2%B032%2757.1%22E/@9.242753,76.5486458,19z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en/|title=9°14'33.9"N 76°32'57.1"E · Kallumala, Old Mavelikkara, Mavelikara, Kerala 690101, India|website=9°14'33.9"N 76°32'57.1"E · Kallumala, Old Mavelikkara, Mavelikara, Kerala 690101, India}}</ref>
* Velathandethu Kaavu, Pallarimangalam, Thekkekara. Mavelikara.

== Churches ==
* St.Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Established in 1920s, One of the Roman Catholic Church located in the heart of Mavelikara Town belongs to Kollam Diocese, which is in the Nangiarkulangara-Pandalam SH, near to Mavelikara Municipal Park.
* St Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, founded in 943 AD, also known as 'Puthiyakavu Pally', is one of the oldest churches in central [[Travancore royal family|Travancore]]. In 1836, delegates of [[Malankara Church]] gathered here to decide on severing ties with the British Anglican missionaries. This historic meeting is known as 'Mavelikara Padiyola'.
* St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, at Cherukole, founded in 1965. Cherukole was given the status of a parish in 1976. St Mary's society, founded in 1946, plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the parishioners. A new church was completed in 2007. The mission of the Parish is to bring up the prisoners spiritually and materially. The parish is located in the bank of [[Achankovil|Achen Kovil River]], in Mavelikara Taluk. Pastoral priorities of the community are education and spiritual growth. The feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Holy [[Virgin Mary]] is celebrated on 8 December every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FSt-Marys-Catholic-Church-Cherukole-Mavelikara-690104-1389950664645813%2F|title=Log into Facebook|website=Facebook}}</ref>

[[File:ST MARYS CHURCH.jpg|thumbnail|St Mary's Roman Catholic Church at Cherukole]]

* C.S.I. Christ Church is the oldest Protestant church in Mavelikara built by CMS missionary Reverend Joseph Peet and dedicated in 1839.<ref>W.S. Hunt. ''The Anglican Church in Travancore & Cochin'' 1816–1916. Pub. CMS Press, Kottayam. 1918. p. 166</ref><ref>Souvenir published during 100 year celebrations of the congregation.</ref> and rededicated on 3 April 1850.<ref>John, Eipe, "Rev. Joseph Peet Vyaktiyum Darshanavum (Rev. Joseph Peet – Man and Vision)", ''Triteeya Suvarana Jubilee Smaranika (150th Jubilee Souvenir)'', CSI Christ Church Mavelikara, 1996 pp. 37–41.</ref>
[[File:CSI Christ Church, Mavelikara.jpg|thumb|C.S.I. Christ Church]]
* C.S.I. Ascension Church, Cherukunnam is 150 years old. It belongs to the Central Kerala Diocese of [[Church of South India]]. It has 88 families and about 500 members.
* Marthoma Church Thazhakara marthoma church is one of the oldest ''marthoma'' churches in [[Mavelikkara|Mavelikara]]. The Diocese has a nursery, parish hall, shop building, parsonage, Polachirackal Colony and Jyothis school.
* St Thomas Marthoma Church Kallimel, at Eravankara,
* St Kuriakose Orthodox Church at Arnoottimangalam is a church dedicated to the lesser known Saint, St Kuriakose.
* St Paul Church, Kallumala
* Church of God in India, a Pentecostal church at Erezha South, Chettikulangara.
* Mar Baselios .Church commonly known as "Vazhuvady Pally".
* St Mary's Syro-Malankara Catholic Cathedral is a diocese of the Major Archiepiscopal Eparchy of Trivandrum.<ref>[http://www.mavelikaraeparchy.org/ Mavelkara Diocese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914031731/http://www.mavelikaraeparchy.org/ |date=2010-09-14 }}</ref> with 94 parishes and 37,000 worshipers.
* Praise City Church (later renamed Praise City Revival Church) was established in 1982 near Fire Station Mavelikara.
* Carmel Assemblies of God Church, Pallikkal East, Kurathikad, Mavelikkara (Phone:9633335211)was established in the 1960s. It was the first Pentecostal Church in Kurathikad, [[Mavelikkara]].Initially it was affiliated with Pentecostal Church of God Thazhakkara. (Founded by Pastor P.J Daniel son or Pastor A.J John was one of the pioneers of [[Assemblies of God]] in Kerala.) In the 1990s the congregation joined the Assemblies of God movement following the initiatives of Rev. Dr. P.S. Philip, the superintendent of AGMDC and local church members such as Brother K.M. Jacob Kalloormangalam, Pastor C.D. George Sathyabhavanam and Pastor K.A. Andrews Kankalil. Pastor Royson Johni serve there from 2018 May onwards.
* [[Indian Pentecostal Church of God]] - IPC Kannamangalam, Chettikulangara.
* Assemblies of God Bethel Hall, established in 1924.
* St Sebastian Roman Catholic Church, [[Valiyaperumpuzha]], Thattarampalam
* St Thomas [[Evangelical Church of India]], Thazhakara is 50 years old.
* St Pauls Marthoma Church Vathikulam, Olakettiambalam
* St Gregorios Orthodox Church was consecrated in 1945 at Punnammodu.
* Velathandethu kaavu. Above 300yrs old at Pallarimangalam.
* Padanilathu Temple. At Pallarimangalam.
*

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Alappuzha district]]

Mysore City South Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:30:01Z

BanglaBlog: Starting New Place...

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mysore City South
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| district = [[Mysore district|Mysore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore]]
| division = [[Mysore division|Mysore]]
| constituency_no =
| type = SLA
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| abolished = 1967
| map_image =
| mla =
| party =
}}
'''Mysore City South Assembly constituency''' was one of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka Legislative Assemblies]] or [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in [[Mysore State]]. It was part of [[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || B. Narayanaswamy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan="2" | K. S. Suryanarayana Rao
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|}
==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mysore City <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Suryanarayana Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,571 |percentage = 31.52% |change = {{decrease}}4.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Srikantasharma |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 4,007 |percentage = 16.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Belliapa |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,723 |percentage = 15.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. S. Raman |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,573 |percentage = 14.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. S. Narayana Rao |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 2,541 |percentage = 10.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkamma Palahally Sitaramaiah |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,124 |percentage = 4.68% |change = {{decrease}}4.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Renuk |party = Independent politician |votes = 895 |percentage = 3.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. G. Kambaiya |party = Independent politician |votes = 325 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. N. Narasimha Murthy |party = Independent politician |votes = 264 |percentage = 1.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,564 |percentage = 14.84% |change = {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,392 |percentage = 53.46% |change = {{increase}}2.67 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 24,023}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,493 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.28 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mysore City <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Suryanarayana Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,366 |percentage = 36.42% |change = {{increase}}5.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Srikanthiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,626 |percentage = 27.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. C. Mahadevaswamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,532 |percentage = 12.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vedanta Hemmige |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,799 |percentage = 8.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Srikantasharma |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,699 |percentage = 8.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. K. Vishwanath |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,203 |percentage = 5.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,740 |percentage = 8.60% |change = {{decrease}}4.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,225 |percentage = 50.79% |change = {{increase}}4.44 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 20,225}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,818 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}11.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mysore City South <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Narayanaswamy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,391 |percentage = 30.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raghavaraju |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,645 |percentage = 17.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Venkatesiah |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 2,729 |percentage = 13.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. S. Ramakrishnaiah |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 2,609 |percentage = 12.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. G. Das |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,681 |percentage = 8.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rao Bahadur. M. Ramaswamy |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,348 |percentage = 6.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Sreekantappa |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 1,146 |percentage = 5.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Rangaramiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 993 |percentage = 4.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Narayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 347 |percentage = 1.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,746 |percentage = 13.15% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,889 |percentage = 46.35% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 20,889}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,068 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
*[[Mysore City North Assembly constituency]]
*[[Mysore Taluk Assembly constituency]]
*[[Krishnaraja Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|12.291533|76.6428|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Mysore district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Mysore]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Manasaare (TV series)

2026-04-05T22:49:47Z

BanglaBlog: Starting A Info...

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = {{plainlist|
* [[Soap opera]]
* [[Romance film|Romance]]
}}
| creator =
| writer = B. Ajay, B.G. Manohar
| screenplay = Vinay Krishnaswamy
| director = Ravi Kishore
| creative_director =
| story = Dialogues: Vinod Mahadev
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Priyanka Chincholi
*Sujay Hegde
}}
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme = "Ninna Preethige"
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 415
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = B. Krishnamurthy
| producer = Gururaj Kulkarni
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20–22 minutes
| company = Dhruv Media Craft
| network = [[Udaya TV]]
| related = [[Pournami (TV series)|Pournami]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2020|2|24|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2021|11|13|df=y}}
}}

'''''Manasaare''''' was an Indian [[Kannada language]] [[soap opera]] which premiered on 24 February 2020 in [[Udaya TV]] and ended on 13 November 2021. The show stars Priyanka Chincholi and Sujay Hegde in lead roles. It is the remake of the Telugu serial ''[[Pournami (TV series)|Pournami]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/new-tv-show-manasaare-to-premiere-today/articleshow/74277331.cms|title=New TV show Manasaare to premiere today|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 February 2020|accessdate=12 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/new-show-manasaare-scores-well-on-the-trp-charts-team-celebrates-the-success/articleshow/74522662.cms|title=New show Manasaare scores well on the TRP charts; team celebrates the success|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sagar-biligowda-bids-adieu-to-manasaare-serial/articleshow/78507130.cms|title=Sagar Biligowda bids adieu to Manasaare serial|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/shani-fame-sujay-hegde-replaces-sagar-biligowda-in-manasaare/articleshow/78639605.cms|title=Shani fame Sujay Hegde replaces Sagar Biligowda in Manasaare|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-daily-soap-manasaare-completes-350-episodes/articleshow/84885863.cms|title=Kannada daily soap Manasaare completes 350 episodes|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-daily-soap-manasaare-to-go-off-air/articleshow/87659435.cms|title=Kannada daily soap Manasaare to go off-air|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story revolves around an innocent elder daughter Prarthana, the protagonist of the show, who has been waiting for years to get the love of her father. All that she wishes for and wants in life is her father's love. However, she is fortunate enough as she only gets unconditional love from her stepmother who treats her as her own flesh and blood.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Priyanka Chincholi]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/manasaare-to-conclude-its-journey-on-kannada-television-priyanka-chincholi-bids-an-emotional-goodbye-to-her-team/articleshow/87685449.cms|title=Manasaare to conclude its journey on Kannada television; Priyanka Chincholi bids an emotional goodbye to her team
|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> as Prarthana Yuvaraj
*[[Sagar Biligowda]] / [[Sujay Hegde]] as Yuvaraj (Yuva)

===Supporting===
*[[Suneel Puranik]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actor-sunil-puranik-quits-daily-soap-manasaare-details-inside/articleshow/82060295.cms|title=Actor Sunil Puranik quits daily soap Manasaare; details inside|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> / Harish<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actor-harish-replaces-sunil-puranik-in-manasaare/articleshow/82083341.cms|title=Actor Harish replaces Sunil Puranik in Manasaare|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> as Anand Mahendra
*Swathi as Devaki Anand
*Prakruthi Prasad as Pavani
*Unknown / Charith Balappa<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/charith-balappa-is-back-on-the-small-screen/articleshow/85122232.cms|title=Charith Balappa is back on the small screen|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> as Ram Charan
*[[Chitkala Biradar]] as Damayanti
*[[Yamuna Srinidhi]] as Vasuki
*Rajalakshmi as Prathana's grandmother
*[[Yamuna Srinidhi]] as Kausalya Anand (Died in serial)
*Sunethra Pandit as Vajramma
*Ramesh Pandit
*Vijay Koundinya as Bhoopathi

===Cameo appearance===
*[[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]] as himself<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/exclusive-it-feels-nostalgic-to-be-back-on-tv-again-actor-rishi-on-his-cameo-in-manasaare/articleshow/76176576.cms|title=Exclusive- It feels nostalgic to be back on TV again: Actor Rishi on his cameo in Manasaare|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:15%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:22%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:12%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:22%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:5%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Pournami (TV series)|Pournami]]'' పౌర్ణమి
| 12 November 2018
| [[Gemini TV]]
| 27 March 2021
| Original
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Manasaare'' ಮನಸಾರೆ
| 24 February 2020
| [[Udaya TV]]
| 13 November 2021
| rowspan="5" | Remake
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Kannana Kanne]]'' கண்ணன கண்ணே
| 2 November 2020
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 4 March 2023
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''[[Nayantara (TV series)|Nayantara]]'' নয়নতারা
| 22 March 2021
| [[Sun Bangla]]
| 30 April 2023
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Kana Kanmani (2021 TV series)|Kana Kanmani]]'' കാന കൺമണി
| 23 August 2021
| [[Surya TV]]
| 23 July 2022
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Jau Nako Dur... Baba]]'' जाऊ नको दूर... बाबा
| 17 October 2021
| [[Sun Marathi]]
| 4 November 2023
|}

==Crossover and special episodes==
*From 7 September 2020 to 11 September 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/special-combined-episodes-of-tv-shows-kavyanjali-manasare-to-be-aired-from-monday/articleshow/77948229.cms|title=Special combined episodes of TV shows Kavyanjali, Manasare to be aired from Monday|newspaper=The Times of India|date=|accessdate=9 December 2020}}</ref> and from 6 May 2021 to 26 May 2021 it had a Mahasangama with ''[[Kavyanjali (2020 TV series)|Kavyanjali]]''.
*From 4 January 2021 to 9 January 2021, it aired a one-hour special episode.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/watch-special-episodes-of-manasaare-from-monday/articleshow/80080583.cms|title=Watch special episodes of Manasaare from Monday|date=|accessdate=5 February 2021}}</ref>
*Again from 14 April 2021 to 17 April 2021 it had a crossover with ''Kavyanjali'' for Yuva and Prathana marriage episodes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/team-manasaare-shoots-for-prarthana-yuvas-wedding-episodes/articleshow/82031033.cms|title=Team Manasaare shoots for Prarthana-Yuva's wedding episodes|date=12 April 2021|accessdate=25 April 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Sun Udaya original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Mangalasutram (film)

2026-04-04T01:56:34Z

BanglaBlog: Starting New Pg...

{{short description|1966 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mangalasutram
| image = Mangalasutram (1966 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Pinishetty {{small|(dialogues)}}
| producer = A. K. Velan
| director = A. K. Velan
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Devika]]
| music = [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
| cinematography = Satyam
| editing = V. N. Raghupathi
| studio = Arunachalam Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1966|5|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mangalasutram''''' ({{translation|''Wedding Chain''}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], produced and directed by A. K. Velan under the Arunachalam Studios banner. It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Devika]], with music composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]].

==Plot==
Joga Rao, a leading advocate, lives with his wife, Parvati, and their two children, Raju & Shankar. Once, Raju moves to their village, where he falls for Shanta. Meanwhile, Parvati desires to knit Raju with a naive girl than her civilized niece Kamala. So, she proceeds to the village when Raju backs, and she only fixes his alliance with Shanta. Being unbeknownst to it, Raju denies it and seeks his father's aid. Joga Rao schemes to flee from the wedding venue, and he designs Shankar as the bridegroom. Overhearing it, Shankar forthwith fuses his love interest, Bala. On the day of the nuptials, everybody gossips and absconds. Here, Shanta's father pleads with Joga Rao, and Shanta's stepmother creates annoyance, so Joga Rao splices Shanta with an electrical engineer he raised. Shanta faints, viewing an unknown tying the knot, and attempts suicide. The bridegroom shields her and assures her she will unite with Raju. As of a sudden, he dies by being electrocuted under his work. The rest of the story concerns whether Raju returns and conjoins Shanta and what happens in their lives.

==Cast==
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Raju
*[[Devika]] as Shanta
*[[Ramana Reddy]] as Joga Rao
*[[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Shankar
*[[J. V. Ramana Murthi|Ramana Murthy]]
*Perumallu
*[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geetanjali]] as Bala
*[[Vasanthi (actress)|Vasanthi]] as Kamala
*[[Hemalatha (Telugu actress)|Hemalatha]] as Parvathi
*[[Nirmalamma]]

==Soundtrack==
Music composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]].{{Cn|date=October 2024}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers
|-
|"Okkamata"
|[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|"Andala Chinadanini"
|[[Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu|Dasaradhi]]
|[[P. B. Srinivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|"Chusara Evaraina Chusara"
|Kosaraju
|Jayadev, Vasantha
|-
|"Naa Manasu Navvanela"
|Dasaradhi
|[[Jikki]]
|-
|"Bhale Bhale Posukolu Bavaiah"
|Kosaraju
|P. B. Srinivas, S. Janaki
|-
|"Edi Chikati Jeevitham"
|[[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]]
|P. B. Srinivas
|}

== Critical reception ==
{{empty section|date=October 2024}}
<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 1966 |title=మంగళసూత్రం |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBQ/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241019130632/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBQ/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |archive-date=19 October 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |pages=6 |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 1966 |title=మంగళసూత్రం |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBP/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241019130714/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBP/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |archive-date=19 October 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |pages=6 |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 1966 |title=మంగళసూత్రం |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBO/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241019131349/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBO/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |archive-date=19 October 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |pages=5 |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 1966 |title=మంగళసూత్రం |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBN/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241019131446/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBN/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |archive-date=19 October 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 1966 |title=మంగళసూత్రం |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBM/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241019131634/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBM/Mangala%20Suthram%20(1966)%20Review.jpg |archive-date=19 October 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |language=te}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangalasutram (film)}}
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:1966 drama films]]
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:1966 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1960s lost films]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. Chalapathi Rao]]
[[Category:Lost Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]

Pavurallakonda

2026-03-30T20:48:47Z

BanglaBlog: creating first entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Ancient protected Buddhist monument in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{tone|date=August 2022}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pavurallakonda
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Pavurallabodu
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Protected Buddhist Monument
| image_skyline = Yaksha Sculpture Relief at Pavurallakonda Buddhist Remnant Site near Bheemunipatnam.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Yaksha]] sculpture at Pavurallakonda near [[Bheemunipatnam]]
| pushpin_map = India Visakhapatnam
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Visakhapatnam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|53|19|N|83|26|14|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Visakhapatnam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 150
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Visakhapatnam]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh.jpg|thumb|250px|Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh]]
'''Pavurallakonda''' or Pavurallabodu is a [[hill]] popularly known as Narasimhaswamy Konda. It is located near [[Bheemunipatnam]], about 25 km north of [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].

Pavurallakonda consists of a ruined hilltop [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monastic complex that witnessed human habitation anywhere from the 3rd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. It is one of the largest [[Buddhist monasteries]] in the North Coastal Andhra Region. [[Hinayana]] Buddhism may have been practiced at this hilltop site.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

The initial excavation of this site yielded many relics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tYGAAAAYAAJ&q=pavurallakonda&dq=pavurallakonda |title=Buddhist Relic-Caskets In South India| publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan }}</ref> Among the ruins are two [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] label inscriptions, foundations of [[Vihāra|Viharas]], circular [[Chaitya|chaityas]], votive [[stupas]], and halls. Coins, polished ware,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ju1tAAAAMAAJ&q=pavurallakonda&dq=pavurallakonda |title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society Volume 39|year=1995| publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society }}</ref> beads, and other artifacts were unearthed from the site by the [[Andhra Pradesh]] Department of Archaeology and Museums.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://museums.ap.nic.in/b-sites.htm |title=Buddhist sites |access-date=9 September 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209160246/http://museums.ap.nic.in/b-sites.htm |archive-date=9 February 2012 | publisher=Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh }}</ref> Nearly sixteen rock-cut [[Cistern|cisterns]] were carved on the hill for the storage of rainwater. Excavations and restoration programs are ongoing at Pavurallakonda.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

The [[Gosthani River]] flows near this site and is near [[Bavikonda]] and [[Thotlakonda]], two Buddhist sites in [[Visakhapatnam|the Visakhapatnam]] district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankaram Buddhist Excavations |url=https://indiaairport.com/tourism/visakhapatnam/sankaram_buddhist_excavations.htm |website=India Airport}}</ref>

The Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural Heritage ([[INTACH]]) has appealed to the authorities to ensure better protection of Buddhist sites after [[Bavikonda]], [[Thotlakonda]], Pavurallakonda, and [[Bojjannakonda]] were designated as heritage sites by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/151019/a-plea-for-preservation.html |title= A plea for preservation | publisher=DECCAN CHRONICLE }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pavuralakonda in Visakhapatnam (History, Timings, Location) |url=https://news.hellovizag.in/pavuralakonda-in-visakhapatnam-history-timings-location |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=news.hellovizag.in |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401185933/https://news.hellovizag.in/pavuralakonda-in-visakhapatnam-history-timings-location |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Origin of the name==

Pavurallakonda means 'The Hill of the Pigeons' (''pavuralu'' in Telugu means pigeons, and ''konda'' means hill). However, some studies conducted at this site suggest that it may be known as Pavurallakonda due to the white stones on the hillock (''pavurallu'' means "white stones" locally).{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Remnants of a Buddhist Stupa at Pavurallakonda near Bhimili.jpg|Remnants of a [[Buddhist]] Stupa at Pavurallakonda
File:Buddhist Rockcut Cistern at pavurallakonda Bheemunipatnam.jpg|Buddhist rock-cut Cistern at Pavurallakonda
File:Rockcut steps Pavurallakonda Buddhist ruins Bheemunipatnam.jpg|Rock-cut steps Pavurallakonda Buddhist ruins
File:Ruins of a Votive Stupa at Pavurallakonda near Bheemunipatnam.jpg|Ruins of a Votive Stupa at Pavurallakonda near [[Bheemunipatnam]]
File:One of the 16 rockcut cisterns at Pavurallakonda Bheemili.jpg|One of the 16 rock-cut cisterns at Pavurallakonda Bheemili
File:Buddhist relief Pavurallakonda Site Bheemunipatnam.jpg|Buddhist relief Pavurallakonda Site [[Bheemunipatnam]]
File:Rockcut steps to a large cistern pavurallakonda Bheemunipatnam.jpg|Rock-cut steps to a large cistern Pavurallakonda
File:Medium sized rock cut cistern at pavuralla konda at bheemunipatnam.jpg|Medium-sized rock-cut cistern at Pavurallakonda
File:Five Headed Serpent Relief at Pavurallakonda.jpg|Five Headed Serpent Relief at Pavurallakonda
File:Moonstone and steps at Pavurallakonda Buddhist Ruins.jpg|Moonstone and steps at Pavurallakonda Buddhist Ruins
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category}}

{{Indian Buddhist Caves |state=expanded}}

{{Portal|India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Stupas in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist holy sites in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buddhist caves in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]]
[[Category:Caves of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geography of Visakhapatnam]]

Tata Steel

2026-03-28T15:17:13Z

BanglaBlog: refined structure for consistency and fixed typos per standard format

{{Short description|Indian multinational steel company}}
{{About|the company|the chess tournament sponsored by their Netherlands branch|Tata Steel Chess Tournament}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tata Steel Limited
| logo = Tata Steel Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| image =
| former_name = Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|500470}}|{{NSE|TATASTEEL}}
|[[BSE SENSEX]] constituent|[[NIFTY 50|NSE NIFTY 50]] constituent}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE081A01020}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1907|8|26}} at [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]] (now in [[Jharkhand]]), India
| founders = [[Jamsetji Tata]] [[Dorabji Tata]]
| industry = [[Steel industry|Steel]] [[Iron industry|Iron]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatasteel.com/contact/contact-information.asp |title=Contact Information |publisher=TataSteel.com |access-date=31 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921233702/http://www.tatasteel.com/contact/contact-information.asp |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref> {{coord|18.9316|72.8327|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| key_people = [[T. V. Narendran]] {{small|(MD & CEO)}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| products = [[Steel]] [[Long steel products]] [[Structural steel]] [[Wire|Wire products]] [[Steel casing pipe]]s [[Household goods]]
| revenue = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|220083|c}} (FY2025)<ref name=2025FY>{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/e0edb07f-453e-4044-b303-9c2df294a388.pdf|title=Tata Steel Ltd. Financial Statements |website=bseindia.com|accessdate=12 May 2025}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|9268|c}} (FY2025)<ref name=2025FY />
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|3174|c}} (FY2025)<ref name=2025FY />
| assets = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|279395|c}} (FY2025)<ref name=2025FY />
| equity = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|91353|c}} (FY2025)<ref name=2025FY />
| num_employees = {{Increase}} 78,321 (2024)<ref name=2025FY />
| parent = [[Tata Group]]
| subsid = Tata Steel UK [[Tata Steel Netherlands]] Tata Steel Thailand [[Jamshedpur FC]] Tata Robins Fraser Ltd. Mjunction
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.tatasteel.com}}
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}}.<ref name=2025FY/>
}}
'''Tata Steel Limited''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[steel]] company headquartered in [[Mumbai]] and is part of the [[Tata Group]]. Formerly known as '''Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited''' ('''TISCO'''), the company was established on 26 August 1907 in [[Jamshedpur]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Services |first=Hungama Digital |title=Tata Steel celebrates its 114th Foundation Day |url=http://www.tatasteel.com/newsroom/press-releases/india/2020/tata-steel-celebrates-its-114th-foundation-day/ |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=www.tatasteel.com }}</ref>

Tata Steel ranked 8th globally in crude steel production in 2024,<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Producers |url=https://worldsteel.org/data/top-producers/ |access-date=28 December 2024 |website=worldsteel.org}}</ref> having an estimated annual capacity of 35 million tonnes and an output of 31.02 million tonnes. With a domestic crude steel production of 21.6 million tonnes, it is one of the largest steel producers in India.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 August 2022 |title=Tata Steel To expand domestic production to 40MT by 2030 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/tata-steel-aims-to-double-domestic-crude-steel-prod/articleshow/93828216.cms |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

As of 2024, Tata Steel has employed approximately 78,300 people worldwide and operated in 26 countries, including key operations in India, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="FY2">{{cite web |title=Statement of profit and loss |url=https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/integrated-report-2017-18/consolidated-profit-and-loss.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210435/https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/integrated-report-2017-18/consolidated-profit-and-loss.html |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=16 May 2018 |publisher=Tata Steel}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Tata Steel at Night.jpg|thumb|Tata Steel's [[Jamshedpur]] plant at night]]
Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was founded by [[Jamsetji Tata|Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata]] and established by [[Dorabji Tata|Sir Dorabji Tata]] on 26 August 1907. TISCO started [[pig iron]] production in 1911 and began producing steel in 1912 as a branch of Jamsetji's Tata Group.<ref name=TSH>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatasteel100.com/story-of-steel/index.asp |title=Indian Steel Industry History, First Steel Plant in India |publisher=tatasteel100.com |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926162727/http://www.tatasteel100.com/story-of-steel/index.asp |archive-date=26 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=FUH>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/tata-iron-steel-co-ltd-history/ |title=History of Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. |publisher=FundingUniverse.com |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015094947/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/tata-iron-steel-co-ltd-history/ |archive-date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.steelonthenet.com/kb/history-tata.html |title=History of Tata Steel |publisher=steelonthenet.com |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904042143/http://www.steelonthenet.com/kb/history-tata.html |archive-date=4 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[First World War]] (1914–1918), the company maintained operations by supplying steel for the war effort in [[British Raj|India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tata Family Enterprises |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/tata-family-enterprises |access-date=9 May 2025 |website=Encyclopedia.com }}</ref>

In 1920, TISCO and [[Burmah Oil|Burmah Shell]] formed the Tinplate Company of India Ltd (TCIL) as a joint venture; the entity was later renamed Tata Tinplate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tinplate Company of India Ltd Merged Company Summary |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/company/tinplate-company-of-india-ltd-merged/summary |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=IIFL Cabital }}</ref> By 1939, TISCO operated the largest steel plant in the [[British Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Independence Day: How the Tatas struck back at the British empire |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/metals-mining/independence-day-how-the-tatas-struck-back-at-the-british-empire/articleshow/102740197.cms |website=The Economic Times| date=15 August 2023 }}</ref>

The company launched a modernisation and expansion program in 1951, which was scaled in 1958 to reach a production capacity of 2 million metric tonnes per annum (MTPA).<ref name="TSH" /> By 1970, the company's workforce included approximately 40,000 employees in [[Jamshedpur]] and 20,000 in neighbouring coal mines.<ref name="FUH" />

TISCO established a [[New York (state)|New York]] subsidiary, Tata Inc., in 1990. The company was renamed Tata Steel Ltd. in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 May 2005 |title=TISCO to change its name to Tata Steel Ltd |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/old/latest_full_story.php?content_id=91360 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191033/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/latest_full_story.php?content_id=91360 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=31 August 2013 |newspaper=Financial Express}}</ref> In 2007, it acquired the UK-based [[Corus Group plc|Corus Group]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Vaswani |first=Karishma |date=16 August 2007 |title=Indian firms move to world stage |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6944461.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726032200/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6944461.stm |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=31 August 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

In 2016, Tata Steel announced it would sell its UK business, including the [[Port Talbot Steelworks]], due to losses and broader market conditions.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} As of November 2021, Tata Steel posted the highest profits within the Tata Group.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 November 2021 |title=Q2 results: Tata Steel beats Tata Consultancy Services in net profit |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/q2-results-tata-steel-beats-tata-consultancy-services-in-net-profit-121111200016_1.html |access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref>

In July 2019, the [[World Economic Forum]] added the Tata Steel [[Kalinganagar]] (TSK) plant to its Global Lighthouse Network, a designation for facilities utilizing advanced manufacturing technologies.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Tata Steel Kalinganagar honoured at World Economic Forum 2020 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tata-steel-kalinganagar-honoured-at-world-economic-forum-2020/article30644252.ece |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Global Lighthouse Network |url=https://initiatives.weforum.org/global-lighthouse-network/home |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916150847/https://initiatives.weforum.org/global-lighthouse-network/home |archive-date=16 September 2025 |access-date=11 November 2025 |website=initiatives.weforum.org }}</ref> In May 2025, the company opened a new facility in [[Odisha]], expanding Kalinganagar's annual capacity from 3 million to 8 million tonnes following a ₹27,000 crore investment.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Singh | first1=Navdeep | title=Tata Steel shares in focus after company unveils Rs 27,000-crore Kalinganagar expansion, boosts capacity to 8MT – The Economic Times | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/tata-steel-shares-in-focus-after-company-unveils-rs-27000-crore-kalinganagar-expansion-boosts-capacity-to-8mt/articleshow/121352521.cms?from=mdr | access-date=11 August 2025 | website=economictimes.indiatimes.com | date=23 May 2025 }}</ref>

=== Nationalization attempts ===
There have been two attempts to [[Nationalization|nationalize]] Tata Steel. In 1971, then-Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], tried to nationalize the company, but failed. In 1979, Prime Minister [[Morarji Desai]] attempted to nationalize the company again, encouraged by Industry Minister [[George Fernandes]] and Steel Minister [[Biju Patnaik]]. However, these efforts were halted following protests from labour unions.<ref name="FUH" /><ref>{{cite news|date=27 June 2007|title=Known and unknown|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/known-and-unknown-107062701073_1.html|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=26 July 2021|title=Backstory: The near-nationalisation of Tata Steel|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/backstory-the-near-nationalisation-of-tata-steel-10111311.htm|access-date=31 July 2021|website=CNBCTV18}}</ref>

=== Labour welfare ===

During the early 20th century, Tata Steel introduced several labour policies, including an [[Eight-hour day|eight-hour workday]] (1912), free medical care (1915), and schools for employees' children (1917). The company also established [[paid time off]] (1920), a [[provident fund]] (1920), and [[Workers' compensation|accident compensation]] (1920). Other measures included [[Vocational education|vocational training]] (1921), [[Parental leave|maternity benefits]] (1928), [[profit sharing|profit-sharing]] bonuses (1934), and a retirement gratuity (1937).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kling |first=Blair B. |date=1998 |title=Paternalism in Indian Labor: The Tata Iron and Steel Company of Jamshedpur |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27672457 |journal=International Labor and Working-Class History |volume=53 |issue=53 |pages=69–87 |doi=10.1017/S0147547900013673 |jstor=27672457 |s2cid=144626670 |issn=0147-5479 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=News Desk |date=30 April 2023 |title=Tata Steel ahead of its time in catering to employees' welfare and well-being |url=https://avenuemail.in/tata-steel-ahead-of-its-time-in-catering-to-employees-welfare-and-well-being/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=The Avenue Mail }}</ref>

== Expansions ==

=== Acquisitions ===
In 2004, Tata Steel acquired the steel-making operations of the Singapore-based NatSteel for S$486.4 million in cash.<ref name=TH1>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/08/17/stories/2004081702990100.htm |title=Tatas make Rs 1,313-cr bid for Singapore's NatSteel |access-date=31 August 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 August 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606170905/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/08/17/stories/2004081702990100.htm |archive-date=6 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the end of 2003, NatSteel reported a turnover of S$1.4 billion and a pre-tax profit of S$47 million.<ref name=TH1 /> Following the acquisition's completion in 2005,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/02/17/stories/2005021702660300.htm|title=Tata Steel completes NatSteel acquisition|access-date=31 August 2013|work=The Hindu|date=16 February 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606180242/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/02/17/stories/2005021702660300.htm|archive-date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="BSN">{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tata-steel-sews-up-natsteel-buyout-105021701067_1.html |title=Tata Steel sews up NatSteel buyout |newspaper=Business Standard |date=17 February 2005 |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517164036/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tata-steel-sews-up-natsteel-buyout-105021701067_1.html |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> these operations were managed through a wholly owned subsidiary, NatSteel Asia Private Ltd.<ref name=TH1 /> At that time, NatSteel's finished steel capacity was approximately 2 million tonnes per annum.<ref name=BSN /><ref name=TATAMS>{{cite web |url=http://www.tata.com/article.aspx?artid=xKXzTTzhgP8= |title=Tata Steel to acquire Millennium Steel, Thailand |publisher=Tata Group |date=15 December 2005 |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921192804/http://www.tata.com/article.aspx?artid=xKXzTTzhgP8= |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2005, Tata Steel acquired a majority stake in the Thailand-based Millennium Steel for $130 million. This included US$73 million for a 40% stake from Siam Cement and an offer for an additional 25% at 1.13 [[baht]] per share.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 December 2012|title=Tata to Buy Thailand's Millennium Steel for $175 Mln|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a_QgJUPNP9.Y&refer=asia|url-status=live|access-date=22 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729223400/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a_QgJUPNP9.Y&refer=asia|archive-date=29 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 December 2012|title=Tata Steel to buy Thai co for $130 m|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tata-steel-to-buy-thai-co-for-130-m/article2198637.ece|access-date=22 December 2012}}</ref> Renamed Tata Steel Thailand and headquartered in Bangkok,<ref>{{cite web|title=Our businesses : Tata companies : Tata Steel Thailand|url=http://www.tata.in/company/profile.aspx?sectid=bijlJLDdD/o=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920171449/http://www.tata.in/company/profile.aspx?sectid=bijlJLDdD%2Fo%3D|archive-date=20 September 2013|access-date=27 August 2013|publisher=Tata Group}}</ref> the company was 68% owned by Tata Steel as of 31 March 2013.<ref name="FY">{{cite web |title=Statement of profit and loss |url=https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/integrated-report-2017-18/consolidated-profit-and-loss.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210435/https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/integrated-report-2017-18/consolidated-profit-and-loss.html |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=16 May 2018 |publisher=Tata Steel}}</ref>

{{See also|Tata Corus acquisition}}

In 2006, Tata Steel acquired Anglo-Dutch company Corus for £4.3 billion ($8.1 billion) at 455 pence per share.<ref name="BBCNC">{{cite news |date=20 October 2006 |title=Corus accepts £4.3bn Tata offer |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6068244.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214083630/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6068244.stm |archive-date=14 December 2013 |access-date=31 August 2013 |newspaper=BBC News}}</ref> On 19 November 2006, Brazil's [[Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional]] (CSN) issued a counteroffer of 475 pence per share, valuing the company at £4.5 billion ($6.04 billion). Tata raised its bid to 500 pence per share on 11 December 2006, but was quickly surpassed by a CSN offer of 515 pence per share, valuing the deal at £4.9 billion ($6.57 billion). On 31 January 2007, Tata Steel secured the acquisition with a final bid of 608 pence per share, valuing Corus at £6.7 billion ($12 billion).<ref>{{cite news |date=8 March 2007 |title=Shareholders of Corus approve Tata Steel offer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/shareholders-of-corus-approve-tata-steel-offer/articleshow/1733673.cms |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> At the time, Corus produced four times more steel annually than Tata Steel; Corus was the world's 9th largest producer, while Tata Steel was ranked 56th. The acquisition made Tata Steel the world's 5th largest steel producer.<ref name="BBCNC" />

Tayo Rolls, formerly Tata-Yodogawa Limited, is a metal fabrication company based in Jamshedpur, India. Founded in 1968 as a joint venture between Tata Steel and Japan's Yodogawa Steels, it became a Tata Steel subsidiary in 2008. Tata Steel currently holds a 55.24% stake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tayo Rolls Ltd Shareholding Pattern, Tayo Rolls Ltd. Share Holder|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/stock-market/tayo-rolls-ltd-stock-price/share-holdings/|access-date=3 August 2021|website=The Financial Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803050211/https://www.financialexpress.com/market/stock-market/tayo-rolls-ltd-stock-price/share-holdings/|archive-date=3 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramsurya|first1=M. V.|first2=Vijay |last2=Gurav |title=Tatas bail out Tayo Rolls' rights issue, too|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tatas-bail-out-tayo-rolls-rights-issue-too/articleshow/3825513.cms|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

In 2007, Tata Steel's Singapore subsidiary, NatSteel Asia Pte Ltd, acquired controlling interests in two Vietnamese rolling mills for $41 million. This included 100% of Structure Steel Engineering Pte Ltd (SSE Steel) and 70% of Vinausteel Ltd. The deal added a 250,000-tonne capacity bar/wire rod mill and a 180,000-tonne reinforcing bar mill to Tata's operations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-03-08/news/28419124_1_vietnam-steel-corporation-steel-products-bar-mill |title=Tata Steel arm buys plants in Vietnam |newspaper=Economic Times |date=8 March 2007 |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812184935/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-03-08/news/28419124_1_vietnam-steel-corporation-steel-products-bar-mill |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tata.com/company/releases/inside.aspx?artid=qYnIs4oDE+o= |title=Tata Steel acquires two steel rolling mills in Vietnam |publisher=Tata Group |date=8 March 2007 |access-date=31 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122195910/http://tata.com/company/releases/inside.aspx?artid=qYnIs4oDE+o= |archive-date=22 November 2011 }}</ref>

Following insolvency proceedings initiated in July 2017, Tata Steel acquired Bhushan Steel through its subsidiary, Bamnipal Steel Ltd. The entity was renamed [[Tata Steel BSL]]. In 2021, Tata Steel amalgamated Bamnipal Steel and Tata Steel BSL, resulting in Tata Steel holding a 72.65% direct stake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Sons increases stake in Tata Steel to 33%|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/tata-sons-increases-stake-in-tata-steel-to-33/article34178082.ece|access-date=3 August 2021|website=@businessline|date=27 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Steel BSL Ltd Shareholding Pattern, Tata Steel BSL Ltd. Share Holder |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/stock-market/tata-steel-bsl-ltd-stock-price/share-holdings/|access-date=3 August 2021|website=The Financial Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First under insolvency code: Bhushan Steel bought by Tata Steel |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/first-under-insolvency-code-bhushan-steel-bought-by-tata-steel-5182619/ |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013045419/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/first-under-insolvency-code-bhushan-steel-bought-by-tata-steel-5182619/ |archive-date=13 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, Tata Sponge Iron Limited acquired the steel division of [[Usha Martin|Usha Martin Limited]] (UML) for {{INRConvert|4094|c}}. The purchase included a 1.0 MnTPA specialty steel plant in Jamshedpur, an iron ore mine, a coal mine under development, and captive power plants.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 April 2019 |title=Tata arm completes acquisition of Usha Martin's steel business |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/tata-arm-completes-acquisition-of-usha-martins-steel-business/article26785538.ece |access-date=8 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 April 2019 |title=Tata Steel arm finally buys Usha Martin unit |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/tata-steel-arm-finally-buys-usha-martin-unit/articleshow/68786519.cms |access-date=8 June 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2022, Tata Steel Long Products (TSLP) acquired a controlling stake in [[Odisha]]-based Neelachal Ispat Nigam Ltd. for {{INRConvert|12100|c}} after outbidding [[Jindal Steel]] and [[JSW Steel]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/govt-approves-ninl-sale-to-tata-steel-long-products-for-rs-12100-cr/articleshow/89244524.cms|title=Govt approves NINL sale to Tata Steel Long Products for Rs 12,100 cr|date=31 January 2022|work=Economic Times|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>

On 25 February 2025, Tata Steel Limited invested $1,238 million (₹10,727 crore) to acquire 788.5 crore additional shares of its subsidiary, T Steel Holdings Pte. Ltd., maintaining its 100% ownership.<ref>{{cite web |title=London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/news-article/TTST/acquisition-of-equity-stake-in-t-steel-holdings/16914671 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=London Stock Exchange }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sur |first=Shreya |date=25 February 2025 |title=Tata Steel Acquires Shares Worth Rs 10,727 Crore In T Steel Holdings |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/markets/tata-steel-acquires-shares-worth-rs-10727-crore-in-t-steel-holdings |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=NDTV Profit }}</ref>

=== Joint ventures ===
In 2006, Tata Steel and Australia's [[BlueScope]] Steel launched [[Tata BlueScope Steel|Tata BlueScope Steel Ltd.]], a joint venture for the manufacturing of pre-engineered steel products.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tata BlueScope Steel starts production|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/tata-bluescope-steel-starts-production/articleshow/1874140.cms|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

In 2014, Tata Steel launched Jamshedpur Continuous Annealing and Processing Company Pvt Ltd. (JCAPCPL), a joint venture with [[Nippon Steel]] to produce continuous annealed products intended for the automotive industry. The plant had a capacity of 600,000 tons, and was set up with an investment of {{INRConvert|2750|c}}. Tata Steel held 51% of the joint venture.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mazumdar|first=Rakhi|title=Tata Steel-Nippon Steel & Sumitomo joint venture inaugurates new Rs 2,750 crore auto steel line at Jamshedpur|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/tata-steel-nippon-steel-sumitomo-joint-venture-inaugurates-new-rs-2750-crore-auto-steel-line-at-jamshedpur/articleshow/41441727.cms|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Amalgamation ===
In 2022, the Tata Group completed the amalgamation of seven metal companies of the group into Tata Steel. The seven metal companies of Tata Group that merged into Tata Steel are Tata Steel Long Products Limited (TSLP), The Tinplate Company of India Limited (TCIL), Tata Metallics Limited (TML), TRF Limited, The Indian Steel & Wire Products Limited (ISWPL), Tata Steel Mining Limited (TSML) and S & T Mining Company Limited.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Intimation of the schemes of amalgamation involving Tata Steel Limited, the identified transferor companies, and their respective shareholders |url=https://www.tatasteel.com/media/16565/nsebse.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 September 2022 |title=Tata Steel to merge 7 subsidiaries with itself |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tata-steel-to-merge-six-subsidiaries-with-itself/article65925504.ece |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Sports ==
Tata Steel is involved in the inception of the Tata Football Academy, TSAF Climbing Academy, Tata Archery Academy, Naval Tata Hockey Academy – Jamshedpur and Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High-Performance Centre, and is also the namesake of the [[Tata Steel Chess Tournament]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 September 2010 |title=Tata Steel Chess tournament renamed from Corus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/The-traditional-Corus-Chess-Tournament-in-Wijk-Aan-Zee-will-be-renamed-Tata-Steel-Chess-from-next-year-This-is-the-second-change-of-name-for-the-event-in-their-73-editions-history-The-traditional-tournament-has-been-running-since-1938-under-the-name-of-Hoogovens-and-was-renamed-in-2000-as-Corus-The-format-of-Tata-Steel-Chess-will-be-preserved-The-tournament-to-be-held-in-January-will-have-current-world-No-1-Magnus-Carlsen-of-Norway-World-champion-Viswanathan-Anand-and-former-World-champion-Vladimir-Kramnik-/articleshow/6547510.cms |access-date=21 July 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tatasteel.com/corporate/our-organisation/sports/ |title=Sports is a way of life – Nurturing sportspersons for the world stage |publisher=Tata Steel |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref>

== Operations ==

Tata Steel is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and has its marketing headquarters at the [[Tata Centre]] in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]. It has a presence in around 50 countries with manufacturing operations in 26 countries including India, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, UAE, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, South Africa, Australia, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, France and Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatasteel.com/global-network/international-operations.asp?Continent=Australia&ContId=cont1#australia |title=Tata Steel Projects and Operations |publisher=Tata Steel |access-date=31 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816023612/http://www.tatasteel.com/global-network/international-operations.asp?Continent=Australia&ContId=cont1#australia |archive-date=16 August 2013 }}</ref>

=== Issues in Europe ===
Since Tata Steel's acquisition of Corus in 2007, Tata Steel's Europe unit faced issues from oversupply in the market, labour unions, inexpensive imports from Chinese steel makers, and pressure from regulators to decarbonize (green taxes), which forced Tata Steel to consolidate its businesses in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|last3=Käckenhoff|first1=Anastasia |last1=Lyrchikova |first2=Christoph |last2=Steitz |first3=Tom|date=12 June 2020|title=Severstal says 'no' to Europe as Thyssenkrupp's options narrow|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thyssenkrupp-restructuring-steel-seve-idUSKBN23J1VD|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tata Steel India business has delivered 20% margin even in worst time: TV Narendran|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/expert-view/tata-steel-india-business-has-delivered-20-margin-even-in-worst-time-tv-narendran/articleshow/80788439.cms|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

In 2015, Tata Steel was looking to sell its facilities in [[Port Talbot]], [[Hartlepool]], [[Rotherham]], and [[Stocksbridge]], which were put on hold due to [[Brexit]]. In April 2016, Tata Steel's Long Products Europe Division located in [[Scunthorpe Steelworks|Scunthorpe]], England was sold to Greybull Capital LLP.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Sarah|first2=Guy |last2=Faulconbridge |date=11 April 2016|title=Britain finds a buyer for one Tata steel plant, saving a third of jobs at risk|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tata-steel-britain-idINKCN0X814J|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> The unit was renamed as [[British Steel Limited]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Rakhi|last2=Sengupta|first2=Devina|title=Brexit blow: Tata steel may put off UK assets sale|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/brexit-blow-tata-steel-may-put-off-uk-assets-sale/articleshow/53107307.cms|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=31 May 2016|title=BRIEF-Tata steel UK completes sale of Long Products Europe business to Greybull Capital|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINFWN18S0T5|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

In February 2017, the company decided to sell its specialty division to [[Liberty House Group]].<ref>{{cite news|last2=Tripathy|first1=Maytaal |last1=Angel |first2=Devidutta|date=9 February 2017|title=Tata Steel UK agrees to sell speciality steel business to Liberty House|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tata-steel-sale-britain-idUKKBN15O1L6|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

In September 2017, [[ThyssenKrupp]] of Germany and Tata Steel announced plans to combine their European steel-making businesses. The deal will restructure the European assets of ThyssenKrupp and Tata Steel as an equal joint venture. The announcement estimated that the company would become Europe's second-largest steelmaker as a result of the merger, and planned for its future headquarters in Amsterdam.<ref>{{cite news|last2=Mukherjee|first1=Christoph |last1=Steitz |first2=Promit|date=20 September 2017|title=Thyssenkrupp, Tata Steel agree to forge Europe's No. 2 steelmaker|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-thyssenkrupp-tata-steel-idUKKCN1BV0E6|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="wsj-zeke">{{cite news|last1=Turner|first1=Zeke|last2=Patterson|first2=Scott|date=20 September 2017|title=Thyssenkrupp, Tata Seal Long-Awaited European Steel Deal|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|location=New York City, New York, United States|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/thyssenkrupp-tata-clinch-european-steel-deal-1505891598|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920194348/https://www.wsj.com/articles/thyssenkrupp-tata-clinch-european-steel-deal-1505891598|archive-date=20 September 2017}}</ref> However, in 2019, antitrust regulators of EU refused to accept deals citing reduction in competition.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chee|first=Foo Yun|date=11 June 2019|title=EU regulators block Thyssenkrupp, Tata Steel joint venture|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thyssenkrupp-m-a-tata-steel-eu-idUSKCN1TC18E|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> In 2019 Tata Steel decided to sell some of its non-core business units in UK.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 September 2019|title=India's Tata Steel to shut some operations in UK, 400 jobs at stake|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tata-steel-layoffs-idUSKCN1VN1AA|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

In June 2020, the company requested £500 million in UK government support. Later in July media houses reported that the company proposed to transfer 50% of its stake in [[Port Talbot Steelworks]] to the [[UK Government]], in return for capital injections amounting to £900 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Steel proposes £900 million bailout from the UK government: Report|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tata-steel-proposes-900-million-bailout-from-the-uk-government-report/article32196100.ece|website=The Hindu|date=26 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Guardian_June_2020">{{cite news|last1=Jolly|first1=Jasper|last2=Partridge|first2=Joanna|date=24 June 2020|title=Tata Steel awaiting UK government decision on rescue deal to save 8,000 jobs|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jun/24/uk-government-and-tata-steel-close-to-rescue-deal-saving-8000-jobs|access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref>

On 11 September 2024, Tata Steel UK announced that 2,500 jobs would be lost at the Port Talbot steelworks, despite a £500 million taxpayer-backed deal from the UK Government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Simpson |first=Jack |date=11 September 2024 |title=Blow for British steel industry as 2,500 jobs go at Port Talbot |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/sep/11/blow-for-british-steel-industry-as-2500-jobs-go-at-port-talbot |access-date=11 September 2024 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In November 2020, [[SSAB]] of Sweden announced its intention to purchase Tata Steel's unit in [[IJmuiden]], Netherlands. However, in 2021, SSAB backed out, citing technical and cost issues involved with the deal.<ref>{{cite news|last3=Roy|first1=Johannes |last1=Hellstrom |first2=Bart H. |last2=Meijer |first3=Abhirup|date=13 November 2020|title=SSAB eyes Tata Steel's Dutch assets as European consolidation picks up|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tata-steel-m-a-ssab-idUSKBN27T23W|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last2=Steitz|first1=Johannes |last1=Hellstrom |first2=Christoph|date=29 January 2021|title=Sweden's SSAB abandons plan to buy Tata Steel's Dutch plant|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tata-steel-netherlands-ssab-idINKBN29Y1AY|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

In October 2021, [[Tata Steel Europe]] officially split its businesses into two independent entities, [[Tata Steel Netherlands]] and Tata Steel UK.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Steel splits UK and Netherlands businesses |url=https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/4010066/in-depth/Tata-Steel-splits-UK-and-Netherlands-businesses.html|access-date=3 October 2021|website=Metal Bulletin}}</ref>

In April 2022, Tata Steel announced that it would find alternative sources of coal for its steel production plants in the UK and the Netherlands after European nations stopped doing business with Russia in response to its [[Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)|invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |agency=Reuters|date=20 April 2022 |title=Russian Ukraine War: India's Tata Steel to stop doing business with Russia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indias-tata-steel-to-stop-doing-business-with-russia-ukraine-war/articleshow/90962958.cms |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=The Times of India }}</ref>

=== Issues in Southeast Asia ===
In January 2019, citing debt issues and consistent losses, Tata Steel decided to sell a 70 percent stake in its S.E. Asia business (NatSteel and Tata Steel Thailand) to China's state-owned [[Hesteel Group|HBIS Group]] for $327 million. However, the deal eventually fell through, with both companies citing regulatory issues.<ref>{{cite web|last2=Thomas|first1=Suresh P. |last1=Iyengar|first2=Thomas K.|title=Tata Steel finds a new buyer for Thailand unit|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tata-steel-finds-a-new-buyer-for-thailand-unit/article29554880.ece|access-date=30 July 2021|website=@businessline|date=30 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Group's Debt Threat|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/corporate/story/tata-groups-debt-threat-tata-power-tata-steel-tata-motors-tcs-250371-2020-02-18|access-date=30 July 2021|website=Business Today|date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702025511/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/corporate/story/tata-groups-debt-threat-tata-power-tata-steel-tata-motors-tcs-250371-2020-02-18 |archive-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>

Later in 2019, Tata Group signed a memorandum of understanding with the Private Equity firm, Synergy Metals and Mining Fund for [[divestment]] of 70% shareholding in Tata Steel (Thailand) Public Company Ltd. (excluding NatSteel).<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Steel Finds A New Buyer For Thailand Unit|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/tata-steel-finds-a-new-buyer-for-south-east-asia-business|access-date=30 July 2021|website=BloombergQuint|date=7 August 2019 }}</ref>

In 2021, Tata Steel decided against divesting the Southeast Asian businesses, citing improvement in financials, including a reduction in total debt and an increase in the cash flow. This was confirmed through its regulatory filing, where Tata Steel reclassified its S.E. Asian assets from 'held for sale' to 'continuing operations'.<ref>{{cite web|first=Reeba |last=Zachariah|date=6 May 2021|title=Tata Steel calls off the sale of SE Asian biz – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/tata-steel-calls-off-sale-of-se-asian-biz/articleshow/82417411.cms|access-date=30 July 2021|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

In October 2021, Tata Steel announced the sale of its subsidiary, Natsteel Holdings Pte. Ltd to Top Tip Holding Pte, a Singapore-based steel and iron ore trading company. The deal was valued at $172 million (₹1,275 crore) and included two Singapore facilities and one Malaysian facility excluding the wire business in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Steel sells NatSteel Holdings to TopTip Holding for ₹1,275 crore|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tata-steel-sells-natsteel-holdings-to-toptip-holding-for-1275-crore/article36761763.ece|access-date=3 October 2021|website=@businessline|date=30 September 2021 }}</ref>

== Shareholders ==
{{Update|section|date=February 2026}}
As of 29 September 2023, the Tata Group held 33.90% shares in Tata Steel. 9.44% of its shares are held by private shareholders. [[Life Insurance Corporation of India]] is the largest non-promoter shareholder in the company with 10.89% shareholding.<ref name=FY /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatasteel.com/investors/shareholding-information/shareholding-30-jun-14.asp |title=Shareholding Pattern as on 30th June 2014 |publisher=Tata Steel |access-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113432/http://www.tatasteel.com/investors/shareholding-information/shareholding-30-jun-14.asp |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Shareholders !! Shareholding<ref name=FY />
|-
| '''Promoters: Tata Group companies'''|| 33.90%
|-
| '''Insurance Companies'''|| 10.89%
|-
| '''Individual shareholders'''|| 9.44%
|-
| '''Foreign Institutional Investors'''|| 20.31%
|-
| '''GDRs'''|| 5.06%
|-
| '''Others'''|| 20.39%
|-
| '''Total'''|| 99.99%
|-
|}

The equity shares of Tata Steel<ref>{{cite news |title=Trending stocks: Tata Steel shares down over 1% |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/trending-stocksnbsptata-steel-shares-down-overnbsp-1/articleshow/76314410.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=11 June 2020}}</ref> are listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/tata-steel-ltd/tata-steel/500470/ |title=Tata Steel Ltd. |publisher=BSEindia.com |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901173525/http://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/tata-steel-ltd/tata-steel/500470/ |archive-date=1 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> where it is a constituent of the [[BSE SENSEX]] index,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bseindia.com/indices/IndicesWatch_Weight.aspx?iname=BSE30&index_Code=16 |title=Scripwise Weightages in S&P BSE SENSEX |publisher=BSE India |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201094728/http://www.bseindia.com/indices/IndicesWatch_Weight.aspx?iname=BSE30&index_Code=16 |archive-date=1 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[National Stock Exchange of India]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=TATASTEEL |title=Tata Steel Ltd. |publisher=NSE India |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021072500/http://www.nseindia.com/live_market/dynaContent/live_watch/get_quote/GetQuote.jsp?symbol=TATASTEEL |archive-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> where it is a constituent of the [[S&P CNX Nifty]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nseindia.com/content/indices/ind_niftylist.csv |title=Download List of CNX Nifty stocks (.csv) |publisher=NSE India |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013143407/http://www.nseindia.com/content/indices/ind_niftylist.csv |archive-date=13 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Global Depository Receipt]]s (GDRs) are listed on the [[London Stock Exchange]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary.html?fourWayKey=US87656Y4061USUSDIOBE |title=TTST Tata Steel Limited GDR (each representing 1 ordinary share) |publisher=London Stock Exchange |date=27 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809150335/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary.html?fourWayKey=US87656Y4061USUSDIOBE |archive-date=9 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Luxembourg Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Tata-Steel-set-to-raise-600m-through-GDRs/articleshow/4800728.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130831111743/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-21/india-business/28154853_1_gdr-route-tata-steel-uk-global-depository-receipts |url-status=live |archive-date=31 August 2013 |title=Tata Steel set to raise $600m through GDRs |date=21 July 2009 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatasteel.com/investors/shareholding-information/stock-exchange-information.asp |title=Stock Exchange Information |publisher=Tata Steel |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921110329/http://www.tatasteel.com/investors/shareholding-information/stock-exchange-information.asp |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Subsidiaries==
=== Mjunction ===
Mjunction is a [[B2B e-commerce]] joint venture between Tata Steel and SAIL, established in 2001, that operates an online marketplace and e-auction services for industrial procurement, including steel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |date=31 December 2024 |title=mjunction to foray into Europe, strengthen U.S. operations, eyes transactions of $100 billion by 2028 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/incoming/mjunction-to-foray-into-europe-strength-us-operations-eyes-transactions-of-100-billion-by-2028/article69047161.ece |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

*rivexa by mjunction - B2B Online Marketplace for Custom Manufacturing Services

=== Tata Steel Thailand ===
Tata Steel's subsidiary, Tata Steel (Thailand) Public Company Limited ({{SET|TSTH}}),<ref>{{cite web|title=TSTH.BK – Tata Steel (Thailand) PCL Profile |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/TSTH.BK/|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> (formerly Millennium Steel Public Company Limited) is listed on the [[Stock Exchange of Thailand]]. Tata Steel Limited directly holds 67.90% through its investment arm T S Global Holdings Pte. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Steel (Thailand) Public Company Limited FORM 56-1 FY 2020–21|url=https://www.tatasteelthailand.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/As-at-May-24-2021-1.pdf|website=Tata Steel (Thailand)}}</ref>

=== Tata Tinplate ===
The Tinplate Company of India Limited (TCIL) is a subsidiary of Tata Steel. Founded in 1920, TCIL is India's oldest and current largest tinplate manufacturer. The company is described as having "pioneered the tinplate industry in India".<ref name="Karunakar">{{cite book |last=Karunakar |first=B. |url=http://archive.org/details/corporatechampio0000karu/page/260 |title=Corporate champions: excellent companies of India |publisher=New Delhi, India; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Response Books |others=Internet Archive |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-321-0712-5 |page=260 }}</ref> TCIL has a 70% market share in India and exports a fourth of its products outside India.<ref>{{cite web |agency=PTI |date=3 July 2018 |title=Tinplate Company plans capacity expansion on strong packaging demand |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tinplate-company-plans-capacity-expansion-on-strong-packaging-demand/article24322018.ece |access-date=3 August 2021 |website=The Hindu }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Tinplate Steel Sheet Suppliers, Metal Tin Manufacturers|url=https://www.tatatinplate.com/company/company-profile |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=Tata Tinplate}}</ref>

In January 1920, the [[Burmah Oil]] and The Tata Iron & Steel Company (TISCO) jointly incorporated The Tinplate Company of India Limited (TCIL) to cater to the demand for tinplate that arose following World War I. Burmah contributed two-thirds of the startup capital and Tata the remainder. Burmah required tinplate for the cans used to hold the [[kerosene]] it produced.<ref name="Corley">{{cite book |last=Corley |first=Thomas Anthony Buchanan |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofburmaho0000corl |title=A history of the Burmah Oil Company, 1886–1924 |publisher=London : Heinemann |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-434-14520-1 |pages=274–275 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

By November 1921, structural steel for the plant and machinery had been imported from the US and UK, and the plant was established at Golmuri, Jamshedpur, near the Tata Steelworks. The design was based on an [[Indiana]] rolling plant. In December 1922, the first hot dip [[tinning]] plant started operations.<ref name="Karunakar" /> By 1924, a total of six mills were in production, and the company was producing almost 40 percent of India's tinplate needs. In 1926, the level of production exceeded the country's imports for the first time.<ref name="Corley" /> The company's main competition was from tinplate imported from [[South Wales]]. In its early years, the company relied to a large extent on European 'covenanted' labor for supervisory and skilled roles, but this lessened over time as the skills of Indian workers developed. Just under 3,000 workers were employed in the late 1920s and early 1930s.<ref name="Bagchi">{{cite book |last=Bagchi |first=Amiya Kumar |url=https://archive.org/details/privateinvestmen0000bagc/page/342 |title=Private investment in India, 1900–1939 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1972 |isbn=0521-07641-2 |pages=342–346 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

With the outbreak of World War II, TCIL diversified into the manufacturing of untinned black plates used in [[Jettison (aviation)|Jettison tanks]] for the [[Royal Air Force]]. Also, TCIL took over the processing of steel from the sheet mills of Tata Steel to augment production.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tinplate Century {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/newsroom/heritage/tinplate-co-india-tata-steel |access-date=12 February 2026 |website=www.tata.com }}</ref>

TCIL agreed with Wean United Canada to switch to the Electrolytic Tinning Process. In 1973, an Electrolytic Tinning Line was commissioned with a capacity of 90,000 tons per annum to produce tinplate and tin-free steel. In 1996, TCIL established its first Cold Rolling Mill Complex with a capacity of 110,000 tons per annum, as part of a backward integration to reduce dependency on imported uncoated sheet steel coils, known as tin mill [[Blackplate|black plate]] (TMBP). In 2005, a [[Printing press|printing]] and [[lacquer]]ing line was introduced as part of a forward integration to reduce supply chain inefficiencies. In 2007, mill capacity was more than doubled to 379,000 tons by the commissioning of a second Tinning Line; a second Cold Rolling Mill facility was added a year later. Production and sales reached 360,000 tons in 2018–19.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Heritage |url=https://www.tatatinplate.com/company/heritage |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=tatatinplate.com}}</ref>

In 2012, Tata Steel increased its shareholding in TCIL to 73.44% which currently stands at 74.96%.<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |date=15 June 2012 |title=Tata Steel to hike stake in Tinplate, Tata Sponge |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/tata-steel-to-hike-stake-in-tinplate-tata-sponge/article3533332.ece |access-date=3 August 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Through volumes, TCIL holds 70% market share in India and exports 25% of the production to Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

In August 2021, it announced its expansion plans, with an additional capacity of 300,000 tons per annum.<ref>{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Shobha |date=30 August 2021 |title=Tinplate Company of India looks to ramp up production capacity |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tinplate-company-of-india-looks-to-ramp-up-production-capacity/article36188905.ece |access-date=8 October 2021 |website=The Hindu Businessline }}</ref>

In September 2022, it was announced that the company would be merged into Tata Steel.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rukhaiyar |first=Ashish |date=23 September 2022 |title=Tata Steel merges subsidiaries for better efficiency; here's the swap ratio |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/tata-steel-merges-subsidiaries-for-better-efficiency-heres-the-swap-ratio-347995-2022-09-23 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Business Today }}</ref>

== Environmental concerns ==
The [[Dhamra Port]], a [[joint venture]] between [[Larsen & Toubro]] and Tata Steel near the Dhamra river in the Bhadrak district of Odisha, has received criticism from groups such as [[Greenpeace]], the [[Wildlife Protection Society of India]], and the National Fishworkers Forum for causing environmental harm to the local ecology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/news/dhamra-port-controversy/ |title=Dhamra port controversy: dialogue fails, TATAs refuse to suspend dredging |publisher=GreenPeace |date=26 February 2009 |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728035252/http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/news/dhamra-port-controversy/ |archive-date=28 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The port is located within five kilometres of the [[Bhitarkanika National Park]], a [[Ramsar wetland of international importance]] that is home to a diversity of [[mangrove]] species, [[saltwater crocodile]]s, and avian species. It is also approximately 15 km from the turtle nesting ground of [[Gahirmatha Beach]], and turtles have been found in the area immediately adjoining the port site. Beyond potential impacts on the nesting and feeding grounds of turtles, the mudflats of the port site are breeding grounds for [[horseshoe crab]]s as well as rare species of reptiles and amphibians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/india/press/reports/greenpeace-biodiversity |title=Biodiversity assessment of Dhamra Port |publisher=Greenpeace |date=8 June 2007 |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727012511/http://www.greenpeace.org/india/press/reports/greenpeace-biodiversity |archive-date=27 July 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhamraport.com/ |title=The Dhamra Port website |publisher=Dhamraport.com |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819023707/http://www.dhamraport.com/ |archive-date=19 August 2013 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

In response, the company stated that it had been working with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for guidance and assistance in implementing environmental standards and designing mitigation measures for potential hazards during construction and operation of the port.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhamraport.com/environment.php |title=Environment |publisher=dhamraport.com |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831200840/http://dhamraport.com/environment.php |archive-date=31 August 2013 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2009/04/06/stories/2009040650311200.htm |title=We are taking elaborate environment protection measures |newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 April 2009 |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729220722/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2009/04/06/stories/2009040650311200.htm |archive-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orissadiary.com/ShowEvents.asp?id=41670 |title=Dhamra Port confers 'Prakruti Sathee' Awards on Environment |publisher=orissadiary.com |date=5 June 2013 |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609185453/http://www.orissadiary.com/ShowEvents.asp?id=41670 |archive-date=9 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The port began commercial operations in May 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservationindia.org/news/dhamra-port-commissioned-despite-environmental-concerns |title=Dhamra Port Commissioned Despite Environmental Concerns |publisher=conservationindia.org |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729011550/http://www.conservationindia.org/news/dhamra-port-commissioned-despite-environmental-concerns |archive-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== In media ==

=== Documentaries ===
* ''Tata Steel: Seventy Five Years of the Indian Steel Industry'', directed by [[Shyam Benegal]] in 1983.<ref>{{cite web |last=Benegal |first=Shyam |title=Tata Steel: Seventy Five Years of the Indian Steel Industry |website=[[IMDb]] |type=Documentary |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0156123/ |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref>
* ''Tata Steel: Spirit of Steel,'' directed by Zafar Hai in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ayan Dutt |first=Ishita |date=13 November 2023 |title=Tata Steel's global stride with new deal to aid Europe profitability |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/up-in-the-air-123111301135_1.html |access-date=2 January 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
* ''Crucible of Fire,'' directed by [[Stephen Alter]] and narrated by [[Victor Banerjee]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hai |first=Zafar |title=Crucible of Fire |type=Documentary |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9703382/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |others=Victor Banerjee |publisher=Haimark Films International}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* [[List of steel producers]]
* [[List of companies of India]]
* [[List of largest companies by revenue]]
* [[List of corporations by market capitalization]]
* [[Make in India]]
* [[Forbes Global 2000]]
* [[Fortune India 500]]
* [[Tata Group]]
* [[Russi Mody]]

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |last=Kannappan |first=Subbiah |date=October 1959 |title=The Tata Steel Strike: Some Dilemmas of Industrial Relations in a Developing Economy |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/258220?journalCode=jpe |journal=[[Journal of Political Economy]] |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=489–507 |doi=10.1086/258220 |issn=0022-3808 |eissn=1537-534X|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |last=Lala |first=R. M. |title=The Romance of Tata Steel |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin UK]] |year=2007 |isbn=9788184759082 |location=United Kingdom |publication-date=1 August 2007}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Sunil Kumar |last2=Ganesh |first2=M. P. |date=April 2006 |title=Ethics in Organizations: The Case of Tata Steel |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0256090920060205 |journal=[[Vikalpa (journal)|Vikalpa]] |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=75–88 |doi=10.1177/0256090920060205 |issn=0256-0909 |eissn=2395-3799|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Rudrangshu |title=A Century of Trust: The Story of Tata Steel |date=2008 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |isbn=9780670081561}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Tata Steel}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Tata Group}}
{{Tata Steel}}
{{Steel industry of India}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{BSE Sensex}}
{{NIFTY 50 companies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tata Steel| ]]
[[Category:BSE SENSEX]]
[[Category:Coal companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Companies based in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1907]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1907]]
[[Category:NIFTY 50]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar]]
[[Category:Steel companies of India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jamshedpur]]

C. Raman

2026-03-28T04:03:11Z

BanglaBlog: improved section per sources and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian civil servant and administrator of Mahe in 1960}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = C. Raman
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| order1 = [[List of administrators of Mahe|Administrator of Mahe]]
| term_start1 = 22 August 1960
| term_end1 = 21 October 1960

|
| predecessor1 = [[S. Barkatali]]
| successor1 = [[Narasing Rao Kallurkar]]
| birth_date =
| death_date =
}}

'''C. Raman''' was an Indian civil servant and administrator. He was the administrator of [[Mahé, Pondicherry|Mahe]] from 22 August 1960 to 21 October 1960.

== References ==

* {{cite web|title=Regional Administrators of Mahe|url=http://mahe.gov.in/update/admin%5B1%5D.html|publisher=Government of Pondicherry|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926000746/http://mahe.gov.in/update/admin%5B1%5D.html|archivedate=2011-09-26}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raman, C.}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Administrators of Mahe]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]

Aarey JVLR metro station

2026-03-26T08:06:58Z

BanglaBlog: started initial stub basic info!

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Aqua Line 3 terminal metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{white|Aarey JVLR}}
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|आरे जे.वी.एल.आर.}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Aqua
| image = Aarey JVLR metro station.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| image_caption = The station exterior
| address = Ganesh Nagar, Goregaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400065
| coordinates = {{coord|19.130699|72.884309|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|3|croute}}
| other =
| structure = At-grade
| platform = 1 [[side platform]], 1 [[island platform]]<ref name="map" />
| owned = [[File:Logo of Mumbai Metro Line 3.png|12px|link=Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)]] Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.
| operator = {{rint|delhi|m}} [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=DMRC wins contract to operate Mumbai Metro's Line 3: Officials |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/dmrc-wins-contract-to-operate-mumbai-metros-line-3-officials/99462230 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| connections = {{rint|mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|6|xroute}} at {{stl|Mumbai Metro|SEEPZ Village}} ''(Under–construction)''
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2024|10|5|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible = Yes
| status = Staffed, Operational
| code = ARYJ
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Mumbai Metro|line=3|left=SEEPZ}}
| route_map = {{MM Aqua Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|aqua}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Aarey JVLR''' is an At-Grade terminal metro station serving the Ganesh Nagar neighbourhood of [[Goregaon]] on the north–south corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line 3]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India.

This metro station was inaugurated on October 5, 2024, by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], followed by the commencement of the metro service from October 7, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3 Opens: Check Stations, Route, Fare, Timings And More |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/nation/mumbai-metro-line-3-opens-for-public-route-fare-timings-and-more |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro-3 Second Phase On Track: Aarey-BKC Services Begin, Link To Cuffe Parade May Be Ready by 2025 |url=https://www.news18.com/india/mumbai-metro-3-second-phase-on-track-aarey-bkc-services-begin-bkc-to-cuffe-parade-link-may-be-ready-by-2025-9076938.html |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro route 'line 3' opens for public today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbais-first-underground-metro-route-line-3-to-open-for-public-from-today/articleshow/114001694.cms |access-date=2024-11-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mumbai's first underground metro line from Aarey to BKC now open for public – Check stations, timings, fares for Mumbai Metro Line 3 here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-mumbais-first-underground-metro-line-from-aarey-to-bkc-to-open-for-public-today-check-stations-timings-fares-for-mumbai-metro-line-3-here-3632350/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
Platforms 1, 2 and 3 are located at ground level. One platform is designated for boarding, while the others are designated for alighting.

{{Routemap
| title = Aarey JVLR track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|aqua}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map =
vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P1''' to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|SEEPZ}}
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P2''' to Train Terminates Here **
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P3''' to Train Terminates Here **
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with three tracks, one island and one side platforms</div>
}}
{|border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;"|'''UG'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;"|Subway
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;"|Underground subway connecting Platforms 2 and 3 to Platform 1, providing access to exit A1/B1
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;" rowspan=7|'''G Platforms'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Depot
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Aarey Depot
|-
| width="85" height="45" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |'''Platform 3'''
| width="420" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |{{0|←}} Alighting only →
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;"|[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
| height="45" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''Platform 2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|{{0|←}} Alighting only →
|-
| height="45" |'''Platform 1'''
| width="420" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" | ← Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|Aqua|Left}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|SEEPZ}})
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Exits
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Exit A1/B1
|}

==Connections==
The Aarey JVLR station will provide connectivity to the under construction [[Pink Line (Mumbai Metro)|Metro line 6]] via SEEPZ station.

==Entry/Exit==
*'''A1/B1''' - [[Powai]], [[SEEPZ]]<ref name=map>{{cite web |title=Aarey JVLR Station Details |url=https://mmrcl.com/station/ARYJ |website=MMRCL |access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref>

<gallery>
Entrance B1 Aarey JVLR station.jpg |Exit B1
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Mumbai]]
*[[Transport in Mumbai]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[Urban rail transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://mmrcl.com/en/ The official site of Mumbai Metro]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 3=yes}}

[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Maine Pyar Kiya (2025 film)

2026-03-24T19:11:34Z

BanglaBlog:

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Faizal Faziludeen}}
{{about|the 2025 film|the 1989 film|Maine Pyar Kiya|the 2014 film|Maine Pyar Kiya (2014 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maine Pyar Kiya
| image = Maine Pyar Kiya 2025.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Faizal Faziludeen
| writer = {{ubl|Faizal Faziludeen|Blk Fzl}}
| producer = Sanju Unnithan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Hridhu Haroon]]|[[Preity Mukhundhan]]}}
| cinematography = Don Paul P.
| editing = Kannan Mohan
| music = {{ubl|Electronic Kili (songs)|Vijay Anand (score)}}
| studio = Spire Productions
| distributor = Spire Productions
| released = {{Film date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross = 
}}
'''''Maine Pyar Kiya''''' ({{Translation|I've fallen in love}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Romance film|romantic comedy]] [[action thriller film]] written and directed by Faizal Faziludeen. It is co-written by Blk Fzl. The film stars [[Hridhu Haroon]] and [[Preity Mukhundhan]] in the lead roles. It is produced by Sanju Unnithan under the banner Spire Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-13 |title='Maine Pyar Kiya' first look poster released |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maine-pyar-kiya-first-look-poster-released/article69445958.ece |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Don Paul P. handled the cinematography and Kannan Mohan editd the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-01 |title=Aasa Kooda-fame Preity Mukhundhan to make Malayalam debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/01/aasa-kooda-fame-preity-mukhundhan-to-make-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Electronic Kili composed the songs and Mihraj Khalid and Vijay Anand composed the background score. The film was released on 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=2025-07-11 |title=Maine Pyar Kiya Release Date Out, Hridhu Haroon and Preity Mukhundhan's Film To Hit Screens On |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/maine-pyar-kiya-release-date-out-hridhu-haroon-and-preity-mukhundhans-film-to-hit-screens-on-article-152264286 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Hridhu Haroon]] as Aryan
* [[Preity Mukhundhan]] as Nidhi
* [[Askar Ali]] as Nixon
* Abhimanue sajeev as Maari (main villain)
* Midhutty as Niju
* Arjun Sundharesan as Shine
* [[Jeo Baby]]
* Sreekanth Vettiyar as Aryan's friend
* Thrikkannan
* Bibin Perumbilli
* [[Redin Kingsley]] as a member of Rowdy gang
* [[Mime Gopi]]
* [[Sai Dheena]] as a member of Rowdy gang
* Jagadeesh Janardhan
* Jivin Rexa
* Prince
* [[Antony Varghese]] as Danny (cameo appearance)
}}

==Production==
[[Principal photography]] began on 15 November 2024 at [[Changanassery]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2024-11-15 |title=Maine Pyar Kiya starts rolling |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Nov/15/maine-pyar-kiya-starts-rolling |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-19 |title=Preity Mukhundhan's Malayalam debut 'Maine Pyar Kiya' starts rolling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/preity-mukhundhans-malayalam-debut-maine-pyar-kiya-starts-rolling/articleshow/115409171.cms |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The first schedule completed on 14 December 2024. The second schedule began by the end of December 2024 at [[Madurai]]. The filming wrapped on 15 January 2025. The teaser released on August 5th, 2025 on [[YouTube]] and the film got [[U/A certificate]] from [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=It's a wrap for Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2025/Jan/16/its-a-wrap-for-maine-pyar-kiya |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
''Maine Pyar Kiya'' was released on 29 August 2025 in theaters worldwide, during the Onam festival period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Maine Pyar Kiya starring Hridhu Haroon and Preity Mukhundhan gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/11/maine-pyar-kiya-starring-hridhu-haroon-and-preity-mukundhan-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title='Maine Pyar Kiya' new poster turns heads; Preity Mukhundhan and Hridhu Haroon's film gets a release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/maine-pyar-kiya-new-poster-turns-heads-preity-mukhundhan-and-hridhu-haroons-film-gets-a-release-date-check-out/articleshow/122914952.cms |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===Distribution===
Spire Productions distributed the film in India and Phars Film distributes the film in overseas.{{cn|date=August 2025}}

===Home media===
The digital streaming rights of the film were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[ManoramaMAX]], and the film was released on 1 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-01 |title=Maine Pyar Kiya OTT: മേനേ പ്യാർ കിയ ഒടിടിയിൽ; ചിത്രം എവിടെ കാണാം?|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/maine-pyar-kiya-ott-release-date-and-platform-manorama-max-10520640 |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> It also released digitally on [[Lionsgate Play]] from 3 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-01 |title=Maine Pyar Kiya out on OTT: Where, how to watch Hridhu Haroon, Preity Mukhundhan's Malayalam film|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/maine-pyar-kiya-out-on-ott-where-how-to-watch-hridhu-haroon-preity-mukhundhan-film/71dcfb5e26892 |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|33310930|Maine Pyar Kiya}}

[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]

Trimbakeshwar Temple

2026-03-18T06:58:23Z

BanglaBlog:

{{Short description|Ancient Hindu temple in Nashik, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple
| image = Trimbakeshwar Temple-Nashik-Maharashtra-1.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Shri Trimbakeshwar Mandir
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location within [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19|55|56|N|73|31|51|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Nashik district|Nashik]]
| locale = [[Trimbak]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]]
| architecture = [[Hemadpanthi]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator = [[Balaji Baji Rao]]
|website=[http://www.trimbakeshwartrust.com/ Trimbakeshwar Trust Website]}}

{{Saivism}}

'''Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple''' (श्री त्र्यंबकेश्वर ज्योतिर्लिंग मंदिर) is an ancient [[Hindu temple]] in the town of [[Trimbak]], in the [[Trimbakeshwar tehsil]], in the [[Nashik District]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], 28 km from the city of [[Nashik]] and 40 km from Nashik road.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trimbakeshwar Temple {{!}} Nashik District, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://nashik.gov.in/tourist-place/trimbakeshwar-temple/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-24 |title=Kumbh Mela: third 'shahi snaan' today at Trimbakeshwar |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Kumbh-Mela-third-%E2%80%98shahi-snaan%E2%80%99-today-at-Trimbakeshwar/article60334252.ece |access-date=2023-03-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Shiva]] and is one of the twelve [[Jyotirlinga|''jyotirlingas'']] where the [[Hindu genealogy registers at Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra]] are kept. The origin of the sacred [[Godavari River]] is near Trimbak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Trimbakeshwar Devasthan Trust, Trimbakeshwar, Nashik |url=https://www.trimbakeshwartrust.com/ |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=www.trimbakeshwartrust.com}}</ref> Several Hindu rituals are carried out in Trimbakeshwar, for that pilgrims travel from all over India.

The Kusavarta ''kunda'' (sacred pond) in the temple premises, built by Shrimant Sardar Raosaheb Parnerkar, who was the Fadnavis of Indore State, is the source of the [[Godavari River]], the second longest river in [[India]]. A bust of Sardar Fadnavis and his wife can be seen on the edge of the kunda. The current temple was built by Peshwa [[Balaji Baji Rao]] after it was destroyed by Mughal ruler [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Trimbakeshwar Devasthan Trust, Trimbakeshwar, Nashik |url=https://www.trimbakeshwartrust.com/ |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=www.trimbakeshwartrust.com}}</ref>

==Architecture==

The temple is located between three hills namely:
* [[Brahmagiri (Maharashtra)|Brahmagiri]],
* [[Nilagiri]] and
* Kalagiri.
The temple has three [[lingams|''lingas'']] (an iconic form of [[Shiva]]) representing:
* [[Shiva]],
* [[Vishnu]] and
* [[Brahma]].
The temple tank is called [[Amritavarshini]], which measured {{convert|28|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}. There are three other bodies of water, namely:
* [[Bilvatirtha]],
* [[Viswanantirtha]] and
* [[Mukundatirtha]].
There are images of various deities, namely,
* [[Ganga]],
* [[Jaleswara]],
* Rameswara,
* [[Gautameswara]],
* [[Kedarnatha]],
* [[Rama]],
* [[Krishna]],
* [[Parashurama]] and
* [[Lakshmi Narayana]].
The temple also has several [[monasteries]] and [[samadhi]]s of saints.<ref name=Ram>{{cite book|title=Hindu Pilgrim centres|last=Harshananda|first=Swami|isbn=978-81-7907-053-6|year=2012|publisher=Ramakrishna Math|location=Bangalore, India|edition=2nd|pages=149–50}}</ref>

==Jyotirlinga==
[[File:Trimbhakeshwar Temple.jpg|thumb|200px|Triambakeshwar Temple, Nashik]]
As per the ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', once [[Brahma]] (the Hindu God of creation) and [[Vishnu]] (the Hindu God of preservation) had an argument in terms of supremacy of creation.<ref name="R.">R. 2003, pp. 92-95</ref> To test them, Shiva pierced the three worlds as a huge endless pillar of light, the ''jyotirlinga''. Vishnu and Brahma split their ways to downwards and upwards respectively to find the end of the light in either direction. Brahma lied that he found out the end, while Vishnu conceded his defeat. Shiva, then assumed his true form and cursed Brahma that he would have no place in ceremonies while Vishnu would be worshipped till the end of eternity. The ''jyotirlinga'' is the supreme partless reality, out of which Shiva partly appears. The ''Jyotirlinga'' shrines, thus are places where Shiva appeared as a fiery column of light.<ref>Eck 1999, p. 107</ref><ref name="Gwynne">See: Gwynne 2008, Section on Char Dham</ref> Originally there were believed to be 64 ''jyotirlingas,'' while 12 of them are considered to be very auspicious and holy.<ref name="R."/> Each of the twelve ''jyotirlinga'' sites take the name of the presiding deity - each considered different manifestation of Shiva.<ref name="Lochtefeld">Lochtefeld 2002, pp. 324-325</ref> At all these sites, the primary image is ''[[lingam]]'' representing the beginningless and endless ''[[Stambha]]'' pillar, symbolizing the infinite nature of Shiva.<ref name="Lochtefeld"/><ref name="E. U. Harding">Harding 1998, pp. 158-158</ref><ref name="paris_congress">Vivekananda Vol. 4</ref> The twelve ''jyotirlingas'' are:
* [[Somnath temple|Somnath]] at [[Veraval]] in [[Gujarat]],
* [[Mallikarjuna Temple, Srisailam|Mallikarjuna]] at [[Srisailam]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]],
* [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga|Mahakaleswar]] at [[Ujjain]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]],
* [[Omkareshwar]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]],
* [[Kedarnath Temple|Kedarnath]] in [[Himalayas]],
* [[Bhimashankar Temple|Bhimashankar]] in [[Maharashtra]],
* [[Kashi Viswanath Temple|Viswanath]] at [[Varanasi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]],
* [[Triambakeshwar]] in [[Nashik]] in [[Maharashtra]],
* [[Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Deoghar|Vaidyanath]] at [[Deoghar]] in [[Jharkhand]],
* [[Nageshvara Jyotirlinga|Nageshwar Temple]] at [[Dvārakā|Dwaraka]] in [[Gujarat]],
* [[Ramanathaswamy Temple|Rameshwar]] at [[Rameswaram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] and
* [[Grishneshwar]] at [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] in Maharashtra.
<ref name="R."/><ref name="Chaturvedi">Chaturvedi 2006, pp. 58-72</ref>

Shiva showed himself as a Jyotirlinga on the night of the Aridra Nakshatra. It is believed that a person can see the Jyotirlingas as columns of fire piercing through the earth when he reaches a higher level of spiritual attainment. Each Jyotirlinga site takes the name of the presiding deity. Basically, the Jyotirlinga signifies the infinite nature of Shiva. At the highest level, Shiva is regarded as formless, limitless, transcendent and unchanging absolute Brahman and the primal Atman (soul, self) of the universe.

===Genealogy registers===
'''Hindu genealogy registers at Trimbakeshwar''' are the [[Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar|genealogy registers]] of pilgrims maintained here by [[pandit]]s.<ref name=gen2>[http://www.overseasindian.in/2007/dec/news/20072712-183237.shtml Tracing your Asian roots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426041339/http://www.overseasindian.in/2007/dec/news/20072712-183237.shtml |date=2017-04-26 }} www.overseasindian.in.</ref><ref name=gen3>[http://www.movinghere.org.uk/galleries/roots/asian/countries/lds.htm Hindu Pilgrimage Marriage Records] ''www.movinghere.org.uk''.</ref><ref name=gen4>[https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/travel/10-places-across-the-world-that-help-you-trace-your-ancestors-249825.html 10 Places Across The World That Help You Trace Your Ancestors], India Times, 29 Jan 2017.</ref>

==Temple legend==
[[File:Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple Gopuram.jpg|right|thumb|Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple Gopuram]]
[[File:Trimbakeshwar Temple, near Nashik.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Close up of the top of Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]]
Shri Trimbakeshwar is a religious center having one of the twelve [[Jyotirlinga]]s. The extraordinary feature of the Jyotirlinga located here is its three faces embodying Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Due to the excessive use of water, the linga has started to erode. It is said that this erosion symbolizes the eroding nature of human society. The Lingas are covered by a jeweled crown which is placed over the Gold Mask of Trideva (Brahma Vishnu Shiva). The crown is said to be from the age of Pandavas and consists of diamonds, emeralds, and many precious stones. The original [[Nassak Diamond]] which adorned the revered linga was eventually stolen by the British and currently is placed on a sword. The crown is displayed every Monday from 4-5 pm (Shiva).

All other Jyotirlingas have Shiva as the main deity. The entire black stone temple is known for its appealing architecture and sculpture and is at the foothills of a mountain called Brahmagiri. Three sources of the Godavari originate from the Brahmagiri mountain.

==Story related to the Godavari River==
{{Section rewrite|date=May 2023}}[[File:Trimbakweshwar Temple Entrance.jpg|thumb|200px|Entrance to the Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple.]]
The Godavari River is often referred to as the Ganga of the South due to its significance. According to Hindu mythology, the Godavari has a divine origin, and several stories are linked to its creation.

The Birth of the Godavari – Sage Gautama’s Penance:

Sage Gautama is a central figure in the story of the Godavari's origin. It is said that Gautama Rishi once lived in a secluded ashram with his wife, Ahalya, in the region of Trimbakeshwar (near modern-day Trimbak in Maharashtra).
There was a severe drought that affected the region, and the local people suffered from hunger and thirst. To alleviate their suffering, Sage Gautama prayed to the river Ganges for help. However, the Ganges was reluctant to come to the region due to the disturbance caused by her descent from the heavens.
Sage Gautama performed intense penance and austerities for thousands of years at the peak of Brahmagiri Hill, located in the Trimbakeshwar area. Pleased with his devotion, Lord Shiva agreed to bless Gautama and directed the Ganges to flow in that region.
However, the river could not directly flow due to the wrath of Shiva, and instead, the Ganges appeared as a stream and flowed to the earth through the Trimbak hills. This stream eventually became known as the Godavari River.
The Godavari river is considered sacred, and it is believed that Sage Gautama bathed in its waters to purify himself from the sin of unintentionally killing a cow. This act of penance and purification is a key part of the mythological origin of the river.

[[File:Tryambakeshwar Kund.jpg|thumb|200px|Kusavarta, a place where river [[Godavari]] takes course.]]
Connection to Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva:

Another legend states that the river Godavari was created by Lord Vishnu in the form of Trivikram (the Vamana avatar), who pressed the earth with his foot to release water, which eventually formed the Godavari River. Some accounts suggest that the river emerged from the feet of Lord Vishnu.
Another part of the story involves Lord Shiva, who, when pleased with Sage Gautama’s penance, allowed the Ganges to flow from the heavens and take the form of the Godavari, thus further associating the river with divine blessings.

This place is known for its many religious rituals (vidhis). [[Narayan nagbali|Narayan Nagbali]], Kalsarpa Shanti, Tripindi Vidhi are done here. Narayan Nagbali puja is performed at Trimbakeshwar only. This puja is performed in three days. This puja is performed on special dates. Some days are not suitable to perform this puja. This puja is performed for many reasons like: to cure an illness, going through bad times, killing a Cobra (Nag), childless couples, financial crisis or if you want to perform some religious puja to have everything.

Trimbakeshwar town has a large number of Brahmin households and is also a centre for Vedic Gurukuls (a kind of boarding school). It also has ashrams and Muths devoted to Ashtanga [[Yoga]], the Hindu art of living.

The existing temple was built out of basalt after it was commissioned by [[Peshwa Nanasaheb]]. It so happens that the Peshwa made a bet on whether the stone surrounding the [[Jyotirlinga]], is hollow from the inside or not. The stone was proved to be hollow, and on losing the bet, the Peshwa built a marvelous temple out of it.

The Shiva deity of the temple consisted of the famous [[Nassak Diamond]]. It was looted by the British in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] and lies with one owner or the other ever since. The diamond presently lies with Edward J. Hand, a trucking firm executive from Greenwich, Connecticut, USA.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

The place is known for its scenery in the rainy/monsoon season.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

==Shri Nilambika/Dattatreya/ Matamba Temple==
[[File:Mahadeva Temple Nashik.jpg|thumb|right|Back view of Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]]
This temple is on top of the Neel mountain. All goddesses ('Matamba', 'Renuka', 'Mananmba') came here to see [[Parashurama|Parashuram]] when he was performing penance (tapas). After his penance, he requested all goddesses to stay there and the temple was formed for these goddesses.

Akhil Bhartiya Shree Swami Samarth Gurupeeth, Trimbakeshwar Temple of Shri Swami Samarth Maharaj is 1 km from Shiva Temple. This temple is a marvelous example of [[Vastu Shastra]].

==Connectivity==
Shri Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple is 30 kilometers on road from [[Nashik]], and 157 kilometers from [[Thane]]. The best way to reach the temple is by road. The closest railway station is the [[Nashik Road Railway Station]] that is 39 kilometers by road.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nearest Railway Station To Trimbakeshwar |url=https://nearestrailwaystation.com/trimbakeshwar-shiva-temple/ |website=NearestRailwayStation.com|date=12 September 2020 }}</ref>

== Other Jyotirlinga In Maharashtra ==
* [[Jyotirlinga]]
* [[Grishneshwar Temple]]
* [[Bhimashankar Temple]]
* [[Shri Vaijnath Temple]]
* [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Notes==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Citation
| ref=Chaturvedi
| last=Chaturvedi
| first=B. K.
| year=2006
| title=Shiva Purana
| place=New Delhi
| publisher= Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd
| edition=First
| isbn=81-7182-721-7
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bchgql0em9YC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PA58
}}
*{{Citation
| ref=Eck
| last=Eck
| first=Diana L.
| year=1999
| title=Banaras, city of light
| place=New York
| publisher= Columbia University Press
| edition=First
| isbn=0-231-11447-8
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J57C4d8Bv6UC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PA107
}}
*{{Citation |ref=Gwynne|last=Gwynne|first=Paul |title=World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction|year=2009|publisher=Blackwell Publication | location =Oxford |isbn=978-1-4051-6702-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdsRKc_knZoC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PT271}}.
*{{cite book
| ref = Harding
| last = Harding
| first = Elizabeth U.
| title = Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar
| chapter = God, the Father
| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass
| year = 1998
| pages = 156–157
| isbn = 978-81-208-1450-9
}}
*{{Citation | ref = Lochtefeld| last = Lochtefeld | first = James G. | title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M | year = 2002 | publisher=Rosen Publishing Group | isbn=0-8239-3179-X | page=122 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC}}
*{{Citation
| last=R.
| ref=R.
| first=Venugopalam
| year=2003
| title=Meditation: Any Time Any Where
| place=Delhi
| publisher= B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd.
| edition=First
| isbn=81-8056-373-1
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtnNw_hiA9oC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PT113
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Vivekananda
| ref = Vivekananda
| first = Swami
| title = The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
| chapter = The Paris Congress of the History of Religions
| chapter-url = http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/volume_4/translation_prose/the_paris_congress.htm
| volume = 4
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.trimbakeshwartrust.com/ Trimbakeshwar Trust Website]
*[https://gurujoshiji.com Local Pandit/Purohit in Trimbak]
*https://templeknowledge.com/about-trimbakeshwar-temple/

{{Shiva temples}}
{{Shaivism}}
{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Jyotirlingas]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Nashik district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nashik district]]
[[Category:Religious tourism in India]]
[[Category:Shiva temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Places situated on the banks of the Godavari river]]
[[Category:Shaivism]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]

Jashn-e-Adab

2026-03-17T05:50:57Z

BanglaBlog:

'''Jashn-e-Adab''' (Sahityotsav)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adab|first1=Jashn-e|title=Jashn-e-Adab website|url=https://www.jashneadab.org/home.php|accessdate=17 July 2020|website=Jashn-e-Adab website|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717092951/https://www.jashneadab.org/home.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a society for poetry and literature which has been established in 2012 to promote and preserve the literary heritage of Hindi and Urdu language through ‘Jashn-e-Adab poetry festival’.

The aim of these festivals is to celebrate and cherish the indigenous cultural heritage through [[Mushaira|Mushairas]]- poetry symposiums, [[Ghazal]] singing, [[Dastangoi|Daastangoi]]-conventional way of story telling, [[Play (theatre)|Plays]], [[Bait bazi|Bait-bazi]], [[Kathak]] dance, [[Qawwali|Qwwali]] etc. These festivals have lined up acclaimed writers, poets, theater artists, singers, scholars, journalists and critics from across the globe and generations, and has provided platform to fresh litterateurs along with luminaries.

Jashn-e-Adab (Sahityotsav) has tried to raise awareness towards the contemporary situation of art and literature in society and also on its impact through debates, seminars, paper presentations and panel discussions with dignitaries of different fields. Jashn-e-Adab (Sahityotsav) also organizes book exhibitions and provide the platform for release of books written by budding writers. Jashn-e-Adab also confers annual awards and accolades to the literary dignitaries to celebrate and acknowledge their unabating love & services to any form of literature.
== History ==
Jashn-e-Adab (Sahityotsav) Poetry festivals have been organised in two phases annually as a three-day event each in cities across country wherein Delhi has been the prime centre.<ref>{{Cite web|title=जश्न-ए-अदब के साथ काव्य मनाएगा कैफ़ी आज़मी की जन्म-शताब्दी, कार्यक्रम में होगा काव्य-कैफ़े का आयोजन|url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/halchal/jashn-e-adab-2019-in-association-with-amar-ujala-kavya|access-date=2020-07-17|website=Amar Ujala|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jashn E Adab Poetry Festival Latest News: Current News and Updates on Jashn E Adab Poetry Festival at News18|url=https://www.news18.com/newstopics/jashn-e-adab-poetry-festival/news/|access-date=2020-07-17|website=www.news18.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=Jashn-e-Adab to host its poetry festival from March 1-3|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/delhi/jashn-e-adab-host-poetry-festival-march-1-3-1502734918.html|access-date=2020-07-17|website=The Statesman|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Pavni|date=2019-02-26|title=Jashn-e-Adab to host 8th edition of three-day poetry festival from March 1|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/books-culture-jashn-e-adab-to-host-8th-edition-of-three-day-poetry-festival-from-march-1-506475|access-date=2020-07-17|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref> These festivals also witness various sessions of panel discussions to enlighten the audience about the history and the contemporary situation of theatre, films and literature and their role. These sessions are attended and curated by eminent writers, scholars, historians, films and theatre artists from the country and abroad.

=== Notable participants ===

* [[Karan Singh]]
* [[Ashok Chakradhar]]
* [[Abhigyan Prakash]]
* [[Piyush Mishra]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://so.city/delhi/article/the-7th-jashn-e-adab-fest-is-happening-this-weekend-with-piyush-mishra-yashpal-sharma-more|access-date=2020-07-17|website=so.city|title=The 7th Jashn-E-Adab Fest is Happening This Weekend with Piyush Mishra, Yashpal Sharma & More!|date=3 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='जश्न-ए-अदब 2019' में 'आरंभ है प्रचंड, बोल मस्तकों के झुंड' से समा बांधेंगे पीयूष मिश्रा|url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/halchal/famous-writer-piyush-mishra-will-entertain-the-audience-in-jashn-e-adab-2019|access-date=2020-07-17|website=Amar Ujala|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Irshad Kamil]]
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=जो लोकल है, वही ग्लोबल है: पंकज त्रिपाठी|url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/halchal/discussion-on-presence-of-folk-in-cinema-by-pankaj-tripathi-in-jashn-e-adab-poetry-festival-2019|access-date=2020-07-17|website=Amar Ujala|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ali Fazal]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=साहित्योत्सव जश्न-ए-अदब के मंच पर छाया 'मिर्जापुर', अभिनेता अली फजल और पंकज त्रिपाठी ने बांधा समां|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/delhi-ncr/pankaj-tripathi-and-ali-fazal-attand-amar-ujala-jash-e-adab-in-jamia-hamdard-campus|access-date=2020-07-17|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Gopi Chand Narang|Gopichand Narag]]
* [[Shamim Hanafi|Prof Shamim Hanfi]]
* [[Javed Akhtar]]
* [[Muzaffar Ali]]
* [[Shamsur Rahman Faruqi]]
* [[Nida Fazli]]
* [[Rahat Indori]]
* [[Tom Alter]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=When I met Tom Beach Alter|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/233709-When-I-met-Tom-Beach-Alter|access-date=2020-07-17|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref>
* Prof [[Seyed E. Hasnain|Seyed E Hasnain]]
* [[Hariprasad Chaurasia|Padma Bhushan Pt. Sajan Mishra]]
* [[Sunita Rajwar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Poetry festivals in India]]
[[Category:Literary societies]]

Housefull 2

2026-03-08T15:31:08Z

BanglaBlog: Article updated with latest changes

{{Short description|2012 Indian Hindi action-comedy film by Sajid Khan}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Housefull 2: The Dirty Dozen
| image = Housefull 2.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]
| writer =
| screenplay = {{Ubl
| Sajid Khan
| [[Tushar Hiranandani]]
| [[Sajid-Farhad]]
| [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]
}}
{{ infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1 = Dialogues by
| data1 = Sajid-Farhad
}}
| story = Sajid Nadiadwala
| based_on = {{ubl | ''[[Mattupetti Machan]]'' | by Jose}}
| producer = Sajid Nadiadwala
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Rishi Kapoor]]
*[[Randhir Kapoor]]
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]]
*[[Akshay Kumar]]
*[[John Abraham]]
*[[Riteish Deshmukh]]
*[[Shreyas Talpade]]
*[[Asin]]
*[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]
*[[Shazahn Padamsee]]
*[[Zareen Khan]]
*[[Boman Irani]]}}
| cinematography = Manoj Soni
| editing = [[Rameshwar S. Bhagat]]
| music = {{ubl
| '''Songs:'''
| [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| '''Background Score:'''
| [[Sandeep Shirodkar]]
}}
| studio = [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2012|04|06|}}
| runtime = 155 minutes<ref name=Runtime>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 (12A) – British Board of Film Classification|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/housefull-2-2012-1|access-date=13 October 2012|date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223080518/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/housefull-2-2012-1|archive-date=23 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|60–64 [[crore]]|link=yes}}<ref name="hindustantimes1"/>{{efn|name="budget"}}
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|186 crore|link=yes}}
<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/housefull-2/box-office/|access-date=13 October 2012|date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223080518/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/housefull-2-2012-1|archive-date=23 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
}}

'''''Housefull 2''''', sometimes called '''''Housefull 2: The Dirty Dozen''''', is a 2012 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action comedy]] film written and directed by [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]. It was co-written by brothers [[Sajid Samji]] and [[Farhad Samji]] based on a story by [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]. Produced by Nadiadwala under [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]] and distributed by [[Eros International]], it is a remake of ''[[Mattupetty Machan]]'' and the second installment of the [[Housefull (film series)|''Housefull'' franchise]], is a [[standalone sequel]] to ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' (2010).

''Housefull 2'' features an [[ensemble cast]] consisting of [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Asin]], [[John Abraham]], [[Jacqueline Fernandez]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]], [[Shreyas Talpade]], [[Zareen Khan]], [[Chunky Panday]], [[Shazahn Padamsee]] and [[Boman Irani]]. ''Housefull 2'' was released theatrically on 5 April 2012, to mixed reviews.<ref name="hindustantimes1">[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Housefull-3-is-on-the-cards-Sajid-Nadiadwala/Article1-838223.aspx Housefull 3 is on the cards: Sajid Nadiadwala] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229011957/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/housefull-3-is-on-the-cards-sajid-nadiadwala/article1-838223.aspx |date=29 December 2013 }}. Hindustan Times (10 April 2012). Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref> Made on a budget of {{INR|60–64|link=yes}} [[crore]],<ref name="hindustantimes1"/>{{efn|name="budget"|Budget does not include marketing or promotional costs.}} the film accumulated {{INRConvert|186|c}} worldwide, becoming one of the [[List of Hindi films of 2012|highest-grossing Hindi films of 2012]].<ref name=Gross>{{cite web|title=Top Ten Worldwide Grossers 2012 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5301&nCat= |publisher=Box Office India |date=17 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120003523/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5301&nCat= |archive-date=20 January 2013 }}</ref> It was followed by two sequels: ''[[Housefull 3]]'' and ''[[Housefull 4]]'' which were released in 2016 and 2019 respectively. A fifth film titled ''[[Housefull 5]]'' with two prints ''Housefull 5A'' and ''Housefull 5B'' was released on 6 June 2025. The film had mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, with praise for its performances, humor, liveliness and dialogues, and is counted as the best film in the Housefull franchise. The film became a "Blockbuster" at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2025 |title=Decoding the Budget and Revenue of Housefull 5: Akshay Kumar’s comic caper breaks even for Sajid Nadiadwala, secures average verdict |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/decoding-the-budget-revenue-of-housefull-5-akshay-kumars-comic-caper-breaks-even-for-sajid-nadiadwala-secures-average-verdict-1392442 |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=September 2022}} 
Sunny, Max, Jolly and Jai are best friends who study together in a college. One day in the college farewell, Max's girlfriend Sonia gets attracted to Sunny and tries to be intimate with him. When Max catches them, Sonia lies to him that Sunny harassed her, causing Max and Sunny to get into a physical fight, and both turn sworn enemies and part ways.

10 years later, animal activists Heena and Bobby are the daughters of two opposing Kapoor families who despise each other very much, just like their fathers Chintu and Dabboo who are half-brothers. They both want the richest son-in-law for their daughters and thus hire marriage counsellor Aakhri Pasta to find the best son-in-law. He brings Rajendra Babani to Chintu for discussing Jai, who is his son. Chintu misinterprets one of Aakhri's jokes who says Jai looks neither like his parents and may be illegitimate. His parents didn't hear Aakhri's comments; Chintu verbally abuses Rajendra while shouting. Rajendra suffers a heart attack, landing him in a hospital. Jai vows revenge and, with Pasta, asks Jolly (being the son of a billionaire "JD") to go to Chintu, agree to marry Heena and then break off the wedding at the very end. However, Jolly is busy trying to introduce his girlfriend Jelo to JD and doesn't want to get involved. He suggests Max to pose as Jolly, who agrees. Jai and Max go but mistakenly end up in Dabboo's house when Dabboo steal's Chintu's "real" nameplate, and later realize their mistake. Jolly then convinces Sunny to land in Chintu's house, and there becomes his bodyguard.

Later, Chintu and Dabboo send Sunny and Max respectively with Heena and Bobby on a cruise for an animal safety event. There, Sunny and Max attempt to chloroform Bobby and Heena respectively and put them on a lifeboat so their respective girlfriends can win their awards, but spot each other and chloroform themselves, causing all of them to end up on an island. In the process, Max and Sunny become friends again, and Heena and Bobby also sort out their relations. They find a resort where Jai and Jolly are at and go home. Max gets engaged to Bobby and Sunny to Heena. Jai also falls in love with Parul Patel. Chintu blindfolds Jolly, Sunny and Heena, taking them to JD's house. After seeing Jolly holding Sunny's garland, JD assumes that Jolly got engaged to Heena. Luckily, Sunny convinces him. Jolly later reveals to Max, Sunny, and Jai that his real name is Jwala, and JD was actually a dacoit, Jagga Dacoit, almost 20 years ago. He also exposes that Parul is JD's friend Batuk Patel's daughter with whom JD had fixed his marriage 20 years ago.

As Sunny fools Chintu, he calls Dabboo in excitement and tells him that Heena is marrying JD's son Jolly (in actuality Sunny). Confused as believing Max to be Jolly, Dabboo takes Max and Bobby to JD's mansion. Sunny handles the situation well by fooling J.D consistently by taking the name of Goddess [[Bhadrakali]] as J.D. is her true devotee, stating Max is Jolly's friend who is engaged to Bobby and Max's father is against their marriage. JD then welcomes all of them and tells to stay there till Bobby and Max's marriage. Batuk also finally arrives there with Parul. Jai and Jolly come to receive them from the airport. But when they see Parul, Jai and Jolly/Jwala lie that Jai is Jolly. Parul becomes happy hearing this as they love each other. J-Lo gives Jolly/Jwala the ultimatum to take her to his house or forget her. To help Jolly/Jwala, Sunny lies to J.D., saying that J-Lo is his fiancée, and J.D. again agrees to let her live there as Sunny takes the name of Goddess Bhadrakali.
Sunny and Max lie to their respective fathers-in-law that the other guy is the son of J.D. and a maid servant in the mansion, creating much confusion.

When Sunny's father, Dr. Ranjeet as well as Max's mentor tells them never to break anyone's heart, Sunny and Max tell the truth to Heena and Bobby relationship. Enraged, Bobby and Heena rebuke them, but thinking Sunny and Max could have done more wrong with them, the two sisters forgive the two boys on the very next day. There, Jai and Jolly also let off their revenge plan on Kapoors on Jai's father's advice. On the day of the four couples' marriage, J.D. and the other brides' fathers learn the truth about the grooms. Finally, Bobby and Heena convince their fathers to forget their enmity and live together as legitimate brothers.

Chintu and Dabboo join hands and so do their wives. But J.D. is unconvinced by them telling the truth and starts frightening the families with his gun. He tries to shoot Sunny with his gun as Sunny runs towards J.D. to save him from a falling chandelier and then he understands everything. In the end, all the grooms marry their respective girlfriends.

==Cast==
*[[Akshay Kumar]] as Sunil "Sunny" Pujari; Heena's love interest and later husband, Ranjeet's son, Max, Jwala and Jai's best friend, Chintu and Sweety's son-in-law
*[[John Abraham]] as Max Mehrotkar; Bobby's love interest and later husband, Sunny, Jwala and Jai's best friend, Dabboo and Dolly's son-in-law
*[[Riteish Deshmukh]] as Jwala "Jolly" Kanojia; Jaina's love interest and later husband, JD's son, Sunny, Max and Jai's best friend
*[[Shreyas Talpade]] as Jai Babani; Parul's love interest and later husband, Rajendra's son, Sunny, Max and Jwala's best friend, Batuk's son-in-law
*[[Asin]] as Heena Kapoor-Pujari; Sunny's love interest and later wife, Chintu and Sweety's daughter, Bobby's cousin sister
*[[Jacqueline Fernandez]] as Bobby Kapoor-Mehrotkar; Max's love interest and later wife, Dabboo and Dolly's daughter, Heena's cousin sister
*[[Zareen Khan]] as Jayshree "Jaina/J-Lo" Loganathan-Kanojia; Jwala's love interest and later wife, JD's daughter-in-law
*[[Shazahn Padamsee]] as Parul Patel-Babani; Jai's love interest and later wife, Batuk's daughter, Rajendra's daughter-in-law
*[[Rishi Kapoor]] as Chintu Kapoor; Dabboo's younger brother, Sweety's husband, Heena's father, Sunny's father-in-law
*[[Randhir Kapoor]] as Dabboo Kapoor; Chintu's elder brother, Dolly's husband, Bobby's father, Max's father-in-law
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]] as Jagga "JD" Kanojia (Jagga Daaku); a feared ex-dacoit, Jwala's father, Jaina's father-in-law
*[[Boman Irani]] as Batuk Patel; An ex-police commissioner, JD's best friend, Parul's father, Jai's father-in-law
*[[Chunky Panday]] as Aakhri Pasta; marriage counsellor
*[[Malaika Arora]] as Anarkali; Sarla for JD and Hetal for Batuk Patel
*[[Suparna Marwah]] as Sweety Kapoor; Chintu's wife, Heena's mother, Sunny's mother-in-law
*[[Johnny Lever]] as Mithai Vishwasrao Patil; JD's loyal servant
*[[Veerendra Saxena]] as Mr. Rajendra Omprakash Babani; Jai's father, Parul's father-in-law
*[[Neelu Kohli]] as Dolly Kapoor; Dabboo's wife, Bobby's mother, Max's mother-in-law
*[[Ranjeet]] as Dr. Ranjeet V. Asna K. Pujari; Sunny's father, Max's mentor and father figure, Heena's father-in-law
*[[Ushoshi Sengupta]] as Sonia Luthra; Max's ex-girlfriend
*[[Vindu Dara Singh]] as Sosa D'Costa; Jaina's boss

==Production==
The sequel to [[Housefull (2010 film)|''Housefull'']] was confirmed by [[Sajid Nadiadwala]] on 30 September 2010. Filming began on 9 June 2011 in [[London]] and [[Peterborough]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Housefull-2-kick-starts-today/articleshow/8789372.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707084105/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-09/news-interviews/29638285_1_housefull-director-sajid-khan-riteish-deshmukh|url-status=live|archive-date=7 July 2012|title=Housefull 2 kick starts today|access-date=21 June 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 June 2011}}</ref> The second schedule started from 1 October 2011 in [[Filmistan Studio]], [[Mumbai]] and the last schedule was shot in December in Thailand, with one of the locations being the Sheraton Krabi Beach Resort. Sajid Nadiadwala hired a Hollywood action-set for [[Akshay Kumar]]'s character. [[Asin]] replaced [[Deepika Padukone]] who was the female lead in the prequel as the lead actress.

==Soundtrack==
The full album released on 22 February 2012. It met with positive reviews with people calling it evergreen and lively. The making of the song "Papa Toh Band Bajaye" was leaked to YouTube in early January 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1402512 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123042030/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1402512 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2012 |title=Housefull 2 song leaked |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=19 January 2012|access-date=16 February 2012}}</ref> Singer [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]] filed a lawsuit against the film's producers, saying that the melody for "Do U Know" had been copied from his 2005 song "Baje Jo Bansi". The lyrics were penned by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] and [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] (Do You Know), with the songs were composed by [[Sajid–Wajid]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Prashant|title=Housefull 2 embroiled in plagiarism row|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Housefull-2-embroiled-in-plagiarism-row/Article1-834229.aspx|access-date=16 April 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404172242/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Housefull-2-embroiled-in-plagiarism-row/Article1-834229.aspx|archive-date=4 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The [[film score]] was composed by [[Sandeep Shirodkar]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Housefull 2
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 22 February 2012
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 37:00
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| prev_title = [[Miley Naa Miley Hum]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Tezz]]
| next_year = 2012
}}
{{track listing
| headline = {{center|{{big|''Housefull 2'' track listing}}}}
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Papa Toh Band Bajaye
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Neeraj Shridhar]]
| length1 = 04:13
| title2 = Anarkali Disco Chali
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Mamta Sharma]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| length2 = 04:53
| title3 = Right Now Now
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid Khan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Suzanne D'Mello]]
| length3 = 04:06
| title4 = Do U Know
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length4 = 05:22
| title5 = Anarkali Disco Chali
| note5 = Hyper Mix
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Mamta Sharma, Sukhwinder Singh
| length5 = 04:42
| title6 = Right Now Now
| note6 = Remix
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Wajid Khan, Sunidhi Chauhan, Sonu Nigam, Suzanne D'Mello
| length6 = 04:28
| title7 = Do U Know
| note7 = Remix
| lyrics7 =
| extra7 = Shaan, Shreya Ghoshal
| length7 = 05:16
| title8 = Anarkali Disco Chali
| note8 = Remix
| lyrics8 =
| extra8 = Mamta Sharma, Sukhwinder Singh
| length8 = 04:01
| all_music = [[Sajid–Wajid]]
}}

==Release==
Though the film was initially expected to release on 1 June 2012, it was announced on 30 September 2011 that the film would be releasing on 6 April 2012. The film had an earlier release in the UK on 31 March 2012 due to the Easter holidays. ''Housefull 2'' got a 2700-screen release, the fourth largest release in the history of Indian cinema, behind ''[[Ra.One]]'', ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'' and ''[[Don 2]]'' and India's biggest release of 2012.<ref>[http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4243&nCat=/ Housefull 2 To Release On 2700 Screens] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130208001944/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4243&nCat=/ |date=8 February 2013 }}. Box Office India.com (6 April 2012). Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref> ''Housefull 2'' was screened in 1,027 UFO digital theatres on the first day when it released.<ref>[https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/box-office/2012/housefull-2-box-office-first-weekend-collection-090412.html Housefull 2 rakes in Rs 43.5 cr at Box Office in first weekend]. oneindia.in (9 April 2012)</ref>

===Critical reception===

Though ''Housefull 2''{{'s}} response was more positive than its predecessor, it still received mixed reviews by critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|25|3.9|8|consensus=}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Housefull 2: The Dirty Dozen {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/housefull_2_the_dirty_dozen |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

The ''[[Times of India]]'' gave the movie 3.5 out of 5 stars, praising the performance of Akshay Kumar and Asin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Housefull 2: Times of India Review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/12544440.cms|access-date=10 April 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 April 2012}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] from Bollywood Hungama gave 3.5 stars and said, "If you are a movie-goer who derives happiness from loud comedies with over-the-top humor that defy logic at every opportunity, I am sure, you will relish this wacky slapstick. If your idea of watching a comedy is to have a good time at the movies, then ''Housefull 2'' is especially designed for you."<ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|title=Housefull 2: Bollywood Hungama Review|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/542290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226042320/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/542290|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 February 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 April 2012}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Kanika Sikka of DNA rated 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Go in with a promise that you'll be entertained, but don't expect an exhilarating journey."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sikka|first=Kanika|title=Housefull 2: DNA India Review|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-housefull-2_1672339|publisher=DNA India|access-date=10 April 2012}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Sonia Chopra of Sify rated 2 out of 5 stars stating, "The physical slapstick comedy is straight out of a kids' movie, but it is charmingly daft. You cannot help let out a laugh or two. It's accidentally comic when you have a person with a bullet in his arm, but no one thinks of ringing for the ambulance. You see, long-winded, sappy moral science lectures are to be given at the very time."<ref>{{cite web|last=Chopra|first=Sonia|title=Housefull 2: Sify Review|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/housefull-2-review-just-about-bearable-review-bollywood-14995827.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328125528/http://www.sify.com/movies/housefull-2-review-just-about-bearable-review-bollywood-14995827.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2014|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=10 April 2012}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, "Housefull 2 has exactly the same mix of stars, foreign locations, farcical plot and spectacularly dim-witted comedy as the first Housefull. This is the cinematic equivalent of junk food - when you walk in, you know exactly what you're going to get."<ref>{{cite web |title=Anupama Chopra's review: Housefull 2|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-housefull-2/story-eAmmACFVlh8n1sZQLEHNBN.html#:~:text=Housefull%202%20has%20exactly%20the,comedy%20as%20the%20first%20Housefull.&text=Several%20writers%2C%20including%20Khan%2C%20have,plot%20would%20be%20a%20travesty.|first=Anupama |last=Chopra |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=7 April 2012}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Raja Sen of [[Rediff]] gave the film 1 out of 5 stars and commented, "''Housefull 2'' is shamefully bad. So bad that Ranjeet—the rapey villain of yore—who appears in one scene, is the most dignified thing about the film."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Raja|title=Housefull 2: Rediff Review|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-housefull-2-is-shamefully-bad/20120406.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=10 April 2012}}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] from [[CNN-IBN]] gave the film 1 out 5 stars and said, "''Housefull 2'' is for four-year-olds who don't know any better. For anyone with taste, or anyone seeking genuine laughs, there's nothing here."<ref>{{cite web|last=Masand|first=Rajveev|title=Housefull 2: CNN IBN Review|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-housefull-2-is-for-fouryearolds/246432-47-84.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407163744/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-housefull-2-is-for-fouryearolds/246432-47-84.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2012|access-date=10 April 2012|publisher=IBNLive}}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref>

===Pre-release revenue===
The satellite rights of the film were sold in January 2011 for {{INRConvert|270|m}}. The music rights fetched an additional {{INRConvert|55|m}}.<ref name="hindustantimes1"/>

==Box office==

===India===
''Housefull 2'' had a good first day as it collected {{INRConvert|133|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 Has Good First Day|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4255&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|date=3 April 2012|access-date=12 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409231004/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4255&nCat=|archive-date=9 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The movie further collected {{INRConvert|128|m}} nett in its second day and {{INRConvert|160|m}} nett in its third day, taking its weekend collection to {{INRConvert|420|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=43 Crore Weekend For Housefull 2|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4264&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|date=9 April 2012|access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref> The movie collected {{INRConvert|65.0|m}} nett in its fourth day<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 Has Steady Monday|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4270&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|date=10 April 2012|access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref> and {{INRConvert|55.0|m}} nett in its fifth day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 Has Good Tuesday|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4276&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|date=11 April 2012|access-date=12 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413171257/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4276&nCat=|archive-date=13 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|630|m}} nett i its first week.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bittoo Boss Dull Opening Housefull 2 Going Strong|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4286&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=14 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118085058/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4286&nCat=|archive-date=18 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Housefull 2'' lost around {{INRConvert|40|m}} nett over the weekend due to the IPL matches and regional films.<ref>[http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=4265&nCat=/ Housefull 2 Hit By Four Crore Due To IPL And Regional Films]. Box Office India.com (9 April 2012). Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref> Housefull 2 had a big second weekend as it collected around {{INRConvert|195|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 Collects Big in Second Weekend|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4297&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=16 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419190653/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4297&nCat=|archive-date=19 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Housefull 2 did extremely well in its second week with business around {{INRConvert|300|m}}. The two-week business of the film is around {{INRConvert|925|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 Has 30 Crore Second Week|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4313&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=20 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423014705/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4313&nCat=|archive-date=23 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It further collected {{INRConvert|125|m}} in its third week and crossed the {{INRConvert|1|b}} mark.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull 2 Week Three Territorial Breakdown|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4359&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=30 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503023939/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4359&nCat=|archive-date=3 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was labelled as a "super hit" by Boxofficeindia. The film's all-India distributor share was {{INRConvert|580|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=All INDIA Distributor Shares 2012: Diwali Releases Combined Equal Ek Tha Tiger|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5150&nCat=|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=1 December 2012}}</ref> ''Housefull 2'' grossed {{INRConvert|1140|m}} in India.<ref>[http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4327&nCat= Housefull 2 Crosses 400 Crore Nett In 17 days] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106102719/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4327&nCat= |date=6 November 2013 }}. Box Office India.com (23 April 2011). Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref> It was the fourth most successful film of the year. Asin's third most successful film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeday.com/2012/05/821/housefull-2-lifetime-worldwide-collections-in-7-weeks/|title=Housefull 2 lifetime worldwide collections in 7 weeks|date=29 May 2012}}</ref> The film grossed around {{INRConvert|179.15|c}}, becoming one of the [[List of Hindi films of 2012|highest-grossing Hindi films]] of that year.<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2012/ Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies on 2012 – Bollywood Hungama]</ref>

===Overseas===
''Housefull 2'' grossed {{INRConvert|140|m}} in 3 days in overseas and overall {{INRConvert|180|m}} in 8 days. It collected {{INRConvert|55.0|m}} overseas on Thursday and Friday. In UK, it collected £112,075 on Friday. In Australia, ''Housefull 2'' collected A$73,143 on Friday. In New Zealand, the Friday collections were NZ$34,604. In the UAE, collections on Thursday were AED725,000. In North America, it was the second Hindi film to enter the top 10 after ''[[Kites (film)|Kites]]'', with $847,132, ranking at No. 9 behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'', ''[[American Reunion]]'', ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic 3D]]'', ''[[Wrath of the Titans]]'', ''[[Mirror Mirror (film)|Mirror Mirror]]'', ''[[21 Jump Street (film)|21 Jump Street]]'', ''[[The Lorax (film)|The Lorax]]'', and ''[[Salmon Fishing in the Yemen]]'' with a solid $7,001 average in 121 theatres.<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/ Weekend Box Office for April 6–8, 2012]. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120409212234/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/housefull-2-is-second-best-opener-of-2012/article1-837894.aspx Housefull 2 is second best opener of 2012]. ''Hindustan Times'' (9 April 2012)</ref> ''Housefull 2'' grossed around $5.75 million in 17 days, becoming Akshay Kumar's second biggest grosser overseas after ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]''.<ref>[http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4337&nCat=/ Vicky Donor Decent Housefull 2 On ,.75 Million In 17 Days]. Box Office India.com (25 April 2012). Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref> It became the highest grossing Hindi film in New Zealand, grossing NZ${{formatnum:260000}} in three weeks, thus surpassing ''[[3 Idiots]]'' and ''[[My Name is Khan]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120503221843/http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=4364&nCat= Housefull 2 Is ALL TIME BLOCKBUSTER In New Zealand]. Box Office India. (30 April 2011). Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130604182036/http://housefull2.org/#!/movie/watch/1004475/housefull-2/6045054/ Official website] (archive copy)
* {{IMDb title|1980986|Housefull 2}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|housefull_2_the_dirty_dozen}}
* {{Mojo title|housefull2}}

{{Sajid Nadiadwala}}
{{Housefull}}
{{Sajid Khan}}

[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian slapstick comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in England]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sajid Khan (director)]]
[[Category:2012 comedy films]]
[[Category:Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment films]]

Golden Bridge

2026-03-04T07:38:17Z

BanglaBlog: refine page further and cleaned formatting based on references

'''Golden Bridge''' may also refer to:

*[[Golden Bridge (India)]] (Narmada Bridge) is a bridge in India
*[[Golden Bridge (Germany)]] (Goldene Brücke), heritage-protected pedestrian bridge in Düsseldorf (Hofgarten)
*[[Golden Bridge (Vietnam)]] (Cầu Vàng), pedestrian bridge near Da Nang, Vietnam
*[[Golden Bridge (Russia)]] (Zolotoy Bridge), traffic bridge in Vladivostok, Russia
*''[[The Golden Bridge]]'' (German: ''Die goldene Brücke''), West German drama film

==See also==
*[[Goldenbridge (disambiguation)]]
*[[Golden Gate Bridge]]
*[[Goldens Bridge, New York]]
:*[[Goldens Bridge station]]
*[[Gold Bridge]], an unincorporated community in Bridge River Country, British Columbia, Canada

{{disambig}}

Raktha Tilakam

2026-03-03T20:15:49Z

BanglaBlog: expand page additionally and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raktha Tilakam
| image = Raktha Tilakam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[B. Gopal]]
| producer = K. Ashok Kumar
| writer = [[Paruchuri Brothers]] {{small|(story / dialogues)}} Appalacharya {{small|(comedy)}}
| screenplay = B. Gopal
| starring = [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = [[S. Gopal Reddy]]
| editing = K. A. Marthand
| studio = Sri Usha Art Productions
| distributor = [[Suresh Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1988|1|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 135 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Raktha Tilakam''''' ({{translation|Blood [[Tilaka]]}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[B. Gopal]] and produced by K. Ashok Kumar under the Sri Usha Art Productions banner. It stars [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] and [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]], with music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. The film was a remake of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Pratikaar]]'' (1987). The film was recorded as a hit at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/venkatesh-centers.html|title= Success and centers list - Venkatesh|publisher= [[idlebrain.com]] |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
Krishna Prasad is a son of a rich man, Satyanarayana Prasad (Jaggayya); in his childhood, his father's younger brother Garupmantha Rao (Nutan Prasad) kills his brother for the property and Krishna Prasad is driven out of the house. Krishna Prasad goes to live with his school-teacher Nagamani (Sharada), whom he treats as his own mother, she has two children, Balaram and Jyoti, of her own. Garupmantha Rao tries to kill Krishna also, but unfortunately Balaram is separated from his family, and is assumed dead. Nagamani looks after Krishna and Jyoti. After 20 years, Krishna Prasad (Venkatesh) falls in love with his college friend Radha (Amala). Raghu (Sudhakar), son of Garupmantha Rao becomes a local goon, protected by his dad by bribing the local police Inspector P.K. Pathi (Giri Babu). Jyoti (Poornima) is raped and murdered by Raghu and his pals, and they also run over Nagamani, rendering her crippled. Both Krishna and Nagamani swear to avenge Jyoti's death. Then Balaram (Siva Krishna) re-enters their lives, as a police inspector, and is bent on arresting Krishna by hook or by crook, casting doubts whether he is or not on the payroll.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as Krishna Prasad
*[[Amala Akkineni|Amala]] as Radha
*[[D. Ramanaidu]] as himself
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Nagamani
*[[Nutan Prasad]] as Garupmantha Rao
*[[Jaggayya]] as Satyanarayana Prasad
*Siva Krishna as Inspector Balaram
*[[Giri Babu]] as Inspector P.K. Pathi
*[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Raghu
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Hrundeswara Rao
*[[P. L. Narayana]] as Basavaiah
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Hapil Satry
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Pandu
*[[Pradeep Shakthi]] as Dasu
*Raj Varma as Raju
*Vankayala Satyanarayana
*Bheemiswara Rao as Judge
*KK Sarma as Rangaiah
*Ramana Reddy as Ramana
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Watchman
*Juttu Narasimham
*[[Poornima (Telugu actress)|Pournima]] as Jyothi
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Hrundeswara Rao's wife
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actor)|Srilakshmi]] as Banthi Kumari
*Sudha as Rekha
*[[Nirmalamma]] as Basavamma
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Raktha Tilakam
| type = film
| artist = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1988
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 22:11
| label = Saptaswar Audio
| producer = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| prev_title = [[Vijetha Vikram]]
| prev_year = 1987
| next_title = [[Brahma Putrudu]]
| next_year = 1988
}}
Music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. Music released on SAPTASWAR Audio Company.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !! Singers !! lyrics !!length
|-
|1
|"Dhancho Dhancho"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|[[Veturi]]
|4:33
|-
|2
|"Thamalapaku Lantidhana"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|Veturi
|4:29
|-
|3
|"College Nundi Marriage"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|[[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
|4:19
|-
|4
|"Guppedu Mallelu"
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Alisha Chinoy]]
|Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao
|4:29
|-
|5
|"Kill Kill Me"
|Alisha Chinoy
|Jaladhi
|4:21
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0362069}}
{{B. Gopal}}

[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. Gopal]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:1988 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:1988 Indian films]]

Lakshmi Narasimha (film)

2026-03-03T18:07:36Z

BanglaBlog: enhance intro after review and corrected details

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lakshmi Narasimha
| image = Lakshmi Narasimha film poster.jpg
| caption = Movie Poster
| writer = [[Paruchuri Brothers]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = [[Hari (director)|Hari]]
| based_on = ''[[Saamy]]'' (Tamil)
| screenplay = Jayanth C. Paranjee
| producer = [[Bellamkonda Suresh]]
| director = [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Asin]] [[Prakash Raj]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = K. Prasad
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = Sri Sai Ganesh Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2004|1|14}}
| runtime = 185 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}10 Crore<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2005-01-01 |title=When Tollywood tunes didn't mesmerise box-office |work=Business Standard India |url=http://www.business-standard.com:80/article/Companies/When-Tollywood-tunes-didn-t-mesmerise-box-office-105010101062_1.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312105938/http://www.business-standard.com:80/article/Companies/When-Tollywood-tunes-didn-t-mesmerise-box-office-105010101062_1.html |archive-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| gross = ₹16 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2004 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2004/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''''Lakshmi Narasimha''''' is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] produced by [[Bellamkonda Suresh]] on Sri Sai Ganesh Productions banner and directed by [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]. Starring [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Asin]] and [[Prakash Raj]], [[Rao Ramesh]], with music composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The film was released on January 14, 2004, to positive reviews and was declared a hit. The film is a remake of the 2003, [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Movie ''[[Saamy]]''.<ref name="swamy">{{cite web|title='Lakshmi Narasimha' ahead!|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-narasimha-ahead-news-telugu-kkfvNPjejia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020105658/http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-narasimha-ahead-news-telugu-kkfvNPjejia.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=14 February 2017|date=17 January 2004}}</ref> The film was later dubbed into [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''IPS Narasimha'' in 2010 by [[Aditya Music]]. Despite having an [[Saamy|original Tamil version]], the film was dubbed into the same language as ''Latchmi Narasimman'' in 2021. The film was also re-released in 4K on June 8th 2025.

==Plot==
The film begins in Vijayawada, a city plagued by the rule of the demonic leader Dharmabhiksham, who has brought crime and corruption to the region. [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|DCP]] Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy, a stout-hearted cop, lands in the city and makes rules of his own. He commands the sub-ordinates to do whatever they wish, stipulating no harm to the public, ruthlessly forsakes anyone, and arrests the thugs. In his administration, law & order are in shape, and people are safe & sound. Following this, Dharmabhiksham invites and warns him about his transfer because he forbears the bribe. Surprisingly, Swamy agrees to do so, by the terms & conditions Dharmabhiksham accepts.

Once, Swamy is acquainted with a pure college-going girl, Rukmini, who is searching for a home. Rukmini misconstrues him as a thief but ensues the reality and regrets. After a series of frequent rendezvous, they turn to love. In the interim, at Dharmabhiksham's gas station, his goons assault the citizens for questioning that they are pouring less petrol. So, Swamy raids and seals it when Dharmabhiksham mortifies him as his suborner. Listening to it, Rukmini loathes him as she averses corruption when he divulges his past.

After completing his [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Swamy takes charge and apprehends honorable-seeking criminals led by Dharmabhiksham. Hence, he launches onslaughts that cost Swamy's sister and many natives of his village. It leads to Swamy's dismissal with false allegations, but his father regains his post with hush money and asks him to be on duty to rehabilitate ruined villagers. That's why he is taking bribes, of which Dharmabhiksham is unaware. Then, Rukmini comprehends his virtue, and the elders fix their alliance.

Meanwhile, on the eve of the festival, the ruling party calls for a strike when the retail vendors plead with Swamy to provide security. He holds the responsibility and hinders the shuts of Dharmabhiksham, which calls off the protest—subsequently, enraged Dharmabhiksham, waiting for a shot, cabals while wedlock of Swamy and detonates the market. Being conscious of the brutality, Swamy counterattacks, so he receives transfers and must be relieved with 1-week from the city. Here, Swamy challenges Dharmabhiksham, saying it's sufficient to collapse his dynasty. Moreover, he triumphs in it with his several enforcement tactics.

As of today, Dharmabhiksham ruses by planting a bomb at Swamy's residence. Knowing it, Swamy sends Rukmini to his hometown, but unfortunately, his father swaps and dies in the blast. Now incensed, Swamy accumulates all the evidence against Dharmabhiksham and takes an arrest warrant against him. Despite the hindering of the authorities & ministers, he moves to seize him. After a vast hunt, Swamy catches hold of Dharmabhiksham when he prepares to surrender and scoffs at him. At last, Swamy encounters him and secretly burns his corpse, leaving him as a missing case for absconding riots, revenge, & public harm. Finally, the movie ends with Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy proceeding further constraint to his duty.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as DCP Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy
* [[Asin]] as Rukhmini, Lakshmi Narasimha’s Wife (Voice Dubbed by Sunitha)
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Dharma Rao Alias Dharma Bhiksham
* [[K. Viswanath]] as Ramachandraiah, Lakshmi Narasimha's father
* [[Nadhiya]] as Prabhavati, Lakshmi Narasimha's mother
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Ramakrishna, Lakshmi Narasimha's friend
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Raj, Lakshmi Narasimha’s friend
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Sisupala, Lakshmi Narasimha’s brother in law
* [[Krishna Bhagavan]] as Akuvakkala Ananda Rao
* [[Murali Mohan]] as Bhavani Prasad
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Duvvasi
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Police Commissioner
* [[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as Venkayya
* [[Paruchuri Brothers|Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Venkatachalam, Rukhmini's father
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Ram Murthy
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Dhanraj, Lakshmi Narasimha's friend father
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Janaki, Lakshmi Narasimha's friend mother
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Raghu, Dharma Biksham's henchmen
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Gundu
* [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Amrutham, Rukhmini's mother
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Narayana, Raj's friend
* [[Chittajalu Lakshmipati]] as Lakshmipati, Dharma Biksham's brother-in-law
* [[L. B. Sriram]] as Sriram, Raj's friend
* [[Fish Venkat]] as Dharma, Bhiksham's henchman
* [[Vallabhaneni Janardhan]]
* Thotapalli Madhu
* Prasanna Kumar
* Naveen
* Prabhu
* Ratna Sagar
* Ashalata
* Lata Chowdary
* Vimala Sri
* [[Karate Kalyani]] as a prostitute
* [[Rakshita|Rakshitha]] as an [[item number]]
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Lakshmi Narasimha
| type = film
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 25 December 2003
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 32:32
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[Mani Sharma]]
| prev_title = [[Abhimanyu (2003 film)|Abhimanyu]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Anji (film)|Anji]]
| next_year = 2004
}}

The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]], and was released on 25 December 2003 by Supreme Music Company. "Devunne Pilichavante" is based on "Old Model Laila" from the Tamil film ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]''.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 32:32
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Devunne Pilichavante
| lyrics1 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 5:43
| title2 = Andamlo Andhrakosta
| lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length2 = 5:32
| title3 = Jadathoti Kodithe
| lyrics3 = Chandrabose
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length3 = 5:44
| title4 = Marumalli Jabilli
| lyrics4 = Chandrabose
| extra4 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]], Muralidhar
| length4 = 5:24
| title5 = Pappesuko Charesuko
| lyrics5 = Chandrabose
| extra5 = [[Mallikarjun]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
| length5 = 4:23
| title6 = Naathoti Neeku Panundi
| lyrics6 = Chandrabose
| extra6 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Mahalakshmi Iyer
| length6 = 5:44
}}

==Reception==
Local review site Idlebrain rated the film three and a half stars and noted, "First half of the film is entertaining. Second half is OK. The interval bang is smooth. The flashback episode should have had more punch. The second half is heavily loaded with mass elements. The duration of film should be trimmed by a good 30 minutes to make the film more crisp. Bala Krishna's terrific performance is going to be the biggest strength of the film."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-lakshminarasimha.html |title=Telugu cinema Review - Lakshminarasimha - Bala Krishna, Asin - Jayant C Paranji |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=2004-01-14 |accessdate=2012-08-04}}</ref> [[Sify]] movies stated "Lakshmi Narasimha, the police story is being appreciated for its story, presentation and heroism of Balakrishna, the hero. It has taken a fantastic opening all over and is expected to be a long distance winner".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-narasimha-ahead-news-telugu-kkfvNPjejia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020105658/http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-narasimha-ahead-news-telugu-kkfvNPjejia.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-10-20 |title='Lakshmi Narasimha' ahead! |website=[[Sify]] |date=2004-01-17 |accessdate=2012-08-04}}</ref> Harikrishna of ''Telugu cinema'' wrote "The movie is worth watching for Balakrishna’s extraordinary performance and Jayanth’s direction".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugufilmserver.com/ln_moviereview_jan17.shtml|title=Laxmi Narasimha - Movie Review|website=Telugu Cinema|access-date=2 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040210212110/http://www.telugufilmserver.com/ln_moviereview_jan17.shtml|archive-date=10 February 2004|last=Harikrishna}}</ref>

==Controversy==
Balakrishna was involved in a shooting controversy. The incident took place on 3 June 2004 around 20:50 hrs at his residence in [[Jubilee Hills]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. The actor has fired shots at the producer B.Suresh and his associate, Satyanarayana Chowdhary. Later both the wounded were admitted into Apollo hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/04/stories/2004060415551100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040813145048/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/04/stories/2004060415551100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 August 2004|title=Actor 'fires at' producer|accessdate=4 Jun 2004|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 June 2004}}</ref> The circumstances under which the case was handled led to much controversy as purported by the Human Right Forum (HRF). The HRF has questioned the authenticity of the people who handled the case, and the circumstances under which the actor was shielded from police by giving refuge in the CARE Hospital without any justifiable cause.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/19/stories/2004061909050400.htm|title=Delay in action against Balakrishna deplored|work=The Hindu|accessdate=19 Jun 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304145811/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/19/stories/2004061909050400.htm|archive-date=4 March 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

The two victims have given statements before the magistrate alleging that the actor has fired shots at them during their treatment in the hospital, but soon they were retracted and made volte-face of their earlier statements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=227112|title=Suresh retracts from his statement, says he adores Balakrishna|publisher=Outlook|accessdate=8 Jun 2004|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041106041720/http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=227112|archivedate=6 November 2004|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The actor was arrested later on 6 June at around 3:30 AM and produced before fifth Metropolitan Magistrate. A show cause notice was also served on Bala Krishna's wife Vasundhara Devi as the weapon used was licensed under her name, and she could not give sufficient protection to her licensed weapon. But later, the actor was granted bail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=226655|title=Balakrishna arrested, readmitted to hospital|publisher=Outlook|accessdate=6 Jun 2004|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041106041639/http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=226655|archivedate=6 November 2004|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0929613|title=Lakshmi Narasimha}}

{{Jayanth C. Paranjee}}

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Films set in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:2004 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Fictional Indian police officers]]

The film is a remake of the 2003 Tamil movie, Saamy.

Nagesh Thiraiyarangam

2026-03-03T03:13:28Z

BanglaBlog: Starting Article...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nagesh Thiraiyarangam
| image = Nagesh Thiraiyarangam.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Mohamad Issack]]
| producer = Rajendra M. Rajan Punitha Rajan
| writer = Mohammad Issack
| story =
| starring = [[Aari Arujunan]] [[Ashna Zaveri]] [[Masoom Shankar]]
| music = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cinematography = E. J. Nauzad
| editing = S. Devaraj
| studio = Transindia Media & Entertainment Private Limited
| released = {{Film date|2018|02|16}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}

'''''Nagesh Thiraiyarangam''''' ({{translation|[[Nagesh]] Theatre}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[horror film]] produced by Rajendra M. Rajan and Punitha Rajan for Transindia Media & Entertainment Private Limited and directed by [[Mohamad Issack]]. The film stars [[Aari Arujunan]], [[Ashna Zaveri]] and [[Masoom Shankar]], while [[Latha (actress)|Latha]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]], [[Kaali Venkat]], [[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]], and [[Athulya Ravi]] play important roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-27 |title=Aari and Bhanupriya in a demolished Theatre |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/aari-bhanupriya-and-kaali-venkat-acting-in-a-film-titled-nagesh-thiraiyarangam-tamil-news-166022.html |access-date=2016-09-04 |work=India Glitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=2016-09-03 |title=Etcetera-Aari;Three stages of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kollywood-snippets/article9069731.ece |access-date=2016-09-04 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2016 |title=நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கத்தில் நயன்தாராவின் நாயகன் |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/actor-aari-kaali-vengat-bhanupriya-nagesh-thiraiyarangam-tamil-news-166024.html |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=India Glitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2016 |title=Aari, Ashna Zaveri at Nagesh Thiraiarangam movie launch |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/aari-ashna-zaveri-nagesh-thiraiarangam-movie-launch-8500-slide-50691#bB5sjDvrzO7UOfWG.97 |access-date=16 October 2016 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2016 |title=நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம் தியேட்டருக்குள் நடக்கும் கதை |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/hindi-news/52062/cinema/Bollywood/nagesh-thiraiarangam--diffrent-type-of-story.htm |access-date=19 October 2016 |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம் |url=http://www.dinamani.com/cinema/news-reel/2016/sep/22/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-2569013.html?pm=573 |access-date=19 October 2016 |publisher=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref> The film was released across Tamil Nadu on 16 February 2018.

==Plot==
Nagesh alias Naga is an honest yet unsuccessful real estate broker who lives with his mother, younger brother, and sister, Lakshmi, who is deaf and mute. Naga meets a girl named Himaja, and they fall in love. Things go fine for Naga and his family until there comes a situation where he has to sell his ancestral property - a dilapidated movie theater - to conduct Lakshmi's wedding. Naga and his friend Kaala travel to another town to sell the theater. Due to a small accommodation problem, they end up spending the night at the theater itself.

Over the next few days of their stay, both Naga and Kaala experience several paranormal activities around them, and all their attempts to bring prospective buyers go futile. Naga also starts having weird dreams every night in which random people are murdered. He then wakes up to the news to find that those people are dead in real life. Confused and frustrated, he seeks help from different godmen to find out what is wrong, but nothing works out. Meanwhile, a local politician realises that the people being murdered mysteriously are none other than his henchmen and his close associates. He finds that there is something abnormal about all these murders and consults with a Nambudiri, who tells that a [[malevolent spirit]] from the theater is causing all this mayhem and that they have to perform an exorcism. Paranormal occurrences keep happening around Naga, and he discovers that the spirit tries to take him to a well inside the premises. Himaja also tells him about her own paranormal vision of a murder and how she felt an apparition near her while she was on video chat with Naga and he had slept off. She is not able to positively identify, since she had closed her eyes out of fear, but since Naga had recorded the video chat, he watches it, only to find that it was he who appeared in the video and realizes that he is the one behind all those murders and hence the dreams. Naga soon prepares himself to face the spirit directly and asks for answers when the spirit reveals itself to be a woman and an old acquaintance to Naga.

Tamilselvi is a social activist who is popular on Facebook for her brutally honest articles about the wrongdoings in the society. She lives with Dr. Shakunthala, who runs a small orphanage with a few children and provides free medical services to the underprivileged. Naga was the real estate broker who helped them find a house. It so happens that a bigger orphanage lends a helping hand to Shakunthala, with the promise of taking a few kids from her orphanage and providing better education and a future. She and Tamilselvi entrust an early teen girl to them and send her off but soon receive a call from her that she and many other children have been kept hostage in a bungalow. Tamilselvi gets a ride from Naga and sets out to investigate and rescue the kids. She is horrified to find that the politician is making a deal with a foreign corporate company for exporting unlimited human blood for them to extract the blood plasma and use it for various cosmetic purposes, thereby commercializing it. The politician is making use of the orphan children's blood to achieve this target, and the local police officer is his aide. The girl from Shakunthala's orphanage is raped by the police officer, all of her blood is drawn by doctors for the plasma, and she is then killed. Tamilselvi records all of this and tries to escape with Naga's help. Naga is oblivious to all the danger that she might be in and just drops her home, but she is captured and attacked by the politician's henchmen at the abandoned theater, where they throw her alive in a well and fed to the [[Catfish|catfishes]] thrown by the politician in the well.

All the evidences that Tamilselvi collected for Facebook are destroyed, and Shakunthala is killed. Tamilselvi's spirit has been waiting for revenge since then, and when she realizes that Naga is back in the theater, she makes use of his tiny paper cut wound to possess him through blood contact, and that is how she had murdered all those men who helped the politician. Meanwhile, the politician and the Nambudiri perform an exorcism at the theater, and it is here that Naga is dismayed to learn that his brother is also a part of the politician's team as a doctor that draws all the blood. A fight ensues, and a possessed Naga tries to kill his brother and the politician but is subdued by the Nambudiri's mantras. Tamilselvi is enraged and ultimately uses blood contact again with Naga's brother's bleeding wound and possesses him instead. She makes him throw the politician into the same well and later makes him kill himself by jumping in it. Now that she is avenged, Tamiselvi's spirit leaves the theater. Naga sells the theater successfully and gets his sister married.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Aari Arujunan]] as Nagesh
*[[Ashna Zaveri]] as Himaja Priya
* [[Masoom Shankar]] as Tamilselvi
*[[Kaali Venkat]] as Kaala
*[[Latha (actress)|Latha]] as Dr. Sakuntala
*[[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]] as Nagesh's mother
*[[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]] as Sakthi, Nagesh's younger brother
*[[Athulya Ravi]] as Lakshmi
*[[Manobala]] as Priya's father
*[[Chitra Lakshmanan]] as Book shop owner
*[[Ramachandran Durairaj]] as Bar Owner
*[[Madhan Bob]]
*[[Anil Murali]]
*[[Florent Pereira]]
*[[Swaminathan]]
*Muthuraman
*Siva Balan
*Risha
*P. V. Chandramouli
*[[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] in an item number
*Sonam Singh in an item number
{{colend}}

==Production==
Issack, who had earlier worked on ''[[Agadam]]'', was fascinated by the legacy of [[Nagesh]] Theatre which was later converted into a marriage hall.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P George |first=Daniel |date=15 October 2010 |title=Days of Liberty are now history-Kodambakkam Landmark Is Latest To Go |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2010/10/15&ID=Ar00200 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107092749/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2010/10/15&ID=Ar00200 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |access-date=6 November 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He weaved the Theatre along with a story of a [[real estate agent]] getting suffocated in the real estate business into a potential script, and Transindia Media & Entertainment Private Limited decided to produce the project. [[Srikanth Deva|Sri]] was signed as the music director while [[M. S. Prabhu]] and S. Devaraj were signed as [[cinematographer]] and [[editor]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2016 |title=சென்னையில் புகழ்பெற்ற நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம் பெயரில் புதிய படம் |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2016/08/29105206/1035409/Nagesh-theater-name-new-movie-make.vpf |access-date=4 September 2016 |publisher=Maalaimalar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2016 |title=ததைக்களமானது நாகேஷ் தியேட்டர் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/50250/cinema/Kollywood/Nagesh-Theatre-story-backdrop-becomes-movie.htm |access-date=4 September 2016 |publisher=Dina Malar}}</ref> Umadevi was signed as one among the lyricists of the film, along with [[Thamarai]], Murugan Manthiram and newcomer Jagan Set.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2016 |title=நீங்கள் ஒரு தலித் என்பதால் தான் ரஞ்சித் படங்களில் பாடல் எழுத வாய்ப்பு கிடைக்கிறதா? |url=http://www.aanthaireporter.com/are-you-get-lyric-chance-for-kabali-get-as-a-dalit/ |access-date=8 September 2016 |publisher=Aanthai Reporter}}</ref>
[[File:NTLocationclick.jpg|thumbnail|right|Issack directing Aari in a scene]]

[[Aari Arujunan]] was cast as the leading man along with comedian [[Kaali Venkat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Mrinalini |date=27 August 2016 |title=Bhanupriya to play Aari's mom? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Bhanupriya-to-play-Aaris-mom/articleshow/53873248.cms |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Actors [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]] and [[Kalaiyarasan]] were also considered for the lead role, before Aari was finalised. Actress [[Ashna Zaveri]] was signed to play the leading lady, after the team had earlier considered either [[Pranitha Subhash]] or [[Nikki Galrani]] for the same role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=7 September 2016 |title=Aari is thrilled about Nagesh Thiraiyarangam |url=https://epaper.newindianexpress.com/929132/The-New-Indian-Express-Chennai/07-09-2016#page/28/3 |access-date=7 September 2016 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2016 |title=Nayanthara's hero with Santhanam's heroine |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hot-actress-ashna-zaveri-aari-in-next-new-movie-nagesh-thirai-arangam-tamil-news-166305.html |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=India Glitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2016 |title=Don't like to plan my career: Ashna Zaveri |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Dont-like-to-plan-my-career-Ashna-Zaveri/articleshow/54559368.cms |access-date=13 October 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Veteran actress [[Latha (actress)|Latha]] was also signed to play a pivotal role.<ref name="Latha">{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Mrinalini |date=13 October 2016 |title=Ashna Zaveri signs her next film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/latest-kollywood-news-tamil-movies-news-reviews-kollywood-movies/Ashna-Zaveri-signs-her-next-film/articleshow/54810719.cms |access-date=13 October 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=J |first=Jyothsna |date=16 October 2016 |title=An MGR Heroine again! |url=http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/actor-aari-talks-about-nagesh-thiraiarangam.html |access-date=16 October 2016 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Mumbai model Masoom Shankar was selected to make her debut in Tamil cinema with the film, while former lead actress [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]] was also added to the team. Veteran actress [[Bhanupriya]] had earlier been also considered for the role signed by [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2016 |title=தியேட்டரில் நடக்கும் கதைதான் 'நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம்' திரைப்படம் |url=http://www.tamilcinetalk.com/nagesh-thiraiarangam-movie-previews-2/ |access-date=14 October 2016 |publisher=Tamil Cinetalk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2016 |title=கின்னஸ் சாதனையாளர் இயக்கும் 'நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம்' |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/article/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%98%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E2%80%99 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510130004/http://www.chennaionline.com/article/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%98%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E2%80%99 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |access-date=19 October 2016 |publisher=Chennai Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=27 October 2016 |title=Veteran Latha returns as a tribal woman |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/271016/veteran-latha-returns-as-a-tribal-woman.html |access-date=27 October 2016 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=12 December 2016 |title=Aari's next to be shot in an old theatre in Poonamallee |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Aaris-next-to-be-shot-in-an-old-theatre-in-Poonamallee/articleshow/55923832.cms |access-date=14 December 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Chitra Lakshmanan]], [[Swaminathan|Lollu Sabha Swaminathan]], Rams, [[Madhan Bob]], Risha and Muthuraman were also signed to play important roles. Choreographer Roberts and actress Sonam Singh were signed to perform a dance sequence. Malayalam actor [[Anil Murali]], [[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]] and Florent Pereira are also doing important roles.

The principal photography of the film started from October 6, 2016, after the photosession of the film that happened a month before. A lengthy schedule started from February 3, 2017, at [[Tindivanam]] that lasted for three weeks. Lead actor Aari's mother expired on 24 February, but he stayed to complete his entire portion as it was the final day of schedule before leaving to [[Pazhani]] for his mother's funeral.<ref>{{Cite news |last=SUBRAMANIAN |first=ANUPAMA |date=4 March 2017 |title=Aari is a director's delight: Isaq |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/040317/aari-is-a-directors-delight-isaq.html |access-date=7 March 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The film's first look poster was released by Tamil film directors [[Ameer (director)|Ameer]] and [[Karu Pazhaniappan]] on lead actor Aari's birthday, and the teaser of the film was released by actor [[Rajinikanth]] on 30 March 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam Official Teaser-Aari-Ashna Zaveri-Kaali Venkat-Sri-Isaq |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAnLlDhYdgk |access-date=8 April 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |title=Rajinikanth launches Aari's Nagesh Thiraiarangam Teaser |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/rajinikanth-launches-aaris-nagesh-thiraiarangam-teaser-10958-slide-62901 |access-date=8 April 2017 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2017 |title=Ameer and Karu Palaniyappan Launched Nagesh Thiraiarangam First Look Poster |url=http://tamilsaga.com/english/cinemadetail/2517.html |access-date=8 April 2017 |publisher=Tamilsaga}}</ref>

==Title controversy==
On June 30, 2017, actor [[Anand Babu]] filed a case in the [[Chennai High Court]] against the makers of the film seeking a ban as they did not obtain permission to use the name of his father, actor [[Nagesh]], in the title. Nagesh had also built and run the Nagesh Theater at [[T. Nagar]]. The judges accepted the case and ordered notice to be sent to producer, [[Mohamad Issack|director]] and [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], the chief of [[Tamil Film Producers Council]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2017 |title='நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம்' படத்துக்கு தடை கோரி நடிகர் ஆனந்த் பாபு வழக்கு |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81/article9742294.ece |access-date=30 June 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2017 |title='நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம்' படத்துக்கு தடை கேட்டு நடிகர் ஆனந்த் பாபு வழக்கு |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/60589/cinema/Kollywood/Nagesh-thiraiarangam-movie-under-trouble.htm |access-date=30 June 2017 |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2017 |title='நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம்' படத்தை வெளியிட தடை கேட்டு நடிகர் ஆனந்த்பாபு வழக்கு |url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/2017/06/30011730/Actor-Anandpabu-case.vpf |access-date=30 June 2017 |publisher=[[Dina Thanthi]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2017 |title=Anand Babu seeks court to ban 'Nagesh Thiraiarangam' movie |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/anand-babu-files-case-against-nagesh-thiraiarangam-movie-for-50-lakhs-compensation-tamil-news-188864.html |access-date=30 June 2017 |work=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-07-02 |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam lands in trouble |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020717/nagesh-thiraiyarangam-lands-in-trouble.html |access-date=2017-07-02 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anupama |first=Subramanian |date=2 July 2017 |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam lands in trouble |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020717/nagesh-thiraiyarangam-lands-in-trouble.html |access-date=2 July 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> The plea of Anand Babu was later rejected by Madras High Court as Justice C. V. Karthikeyan permitted the producers to go ahead with the Tamil title but restrained them from using the actor name Nagesh either independently or as Nagesh Theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2017 |title=Don't exploit popularityof actor Nagesh: HC |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dont-exploit-popularityof-actor-nagesh-hc/article19848777.ece |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=பாலசரவணக்குமார் |first=ஆர் |date=12 October 2017 |title='நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம்' படத்துக்கு தடை கோரி நடிகர் ஆனந்த் பாபு தொடர்ந்த வழக்கு தள்ளுபடி |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/article19846094.ece |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2017 |title=நாகேஷ் திரையரங்கம் படத்தை வெளியிட |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/63481/cinema/Kollywood/Nagesh-thiraiarangam-problem-solved.htm |access-date=13 October 2017 |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref>

Anand Babu again filed a petition in the Madras High Court during February 2018 to stop the film from hitting the screens on the scheduled date. Since the judge found nothing objectionable nor misleading of Nagesh or Nagesh Theatre, the permission was given by court to release the film as per plan, but with the following conditions: the production company was asked to deposit 20 Lakhs in the Court, a slide carrying a message that the film has no connections with Nagesh or Nagesh Theatre had to be inserted before the title card, and such a message was to be attached or placed in all the newspaper advertisements for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2018 |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam passes High Court hurdles due to Nagesh reference sued by Ananbabu |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/nagesh-thiraiyarangam-passes-high-court-hurdles-due-to-nagesh-reference-sued-by-ananbabu.html}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nagesh Thiraiyarangam
| type = film
| artist = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2018
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 15:28
| label = SS Music Audio
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Bongu (film)|Bongu]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Nethraa]]
| next_year = 2018
}}

The songs are sung by [[Jagadeesh Kumar]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]], Anitha Karthikeyan, [[Gana Bala]], Jithesh, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] and actress [[Remya Nambeesan]] for the music composed by [[Srikanth Deva]] for the lyrics of [[Thamarai]], Umadevi, Murugan Manthiram and Jegan Set.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2018 |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam - Official Jukebox - Aari, Ashna Zaveri - Mohamed Issack - Sri - SS Music |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Vnbq0Nl5Y |access-date=4 February 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]] [[SS Music]]}}</ref> The audio rights was acquired by SS Music Audio, an offshoot of the music television channel [[SS Music]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2018 |title=Audio boost |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/audio-boost/article22582729.ece |access-date=4 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The songs were released on February 2 at [[Suryan FM 93.5]] station.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2018 |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam Audio Launch |url=http://www.suryanfm.in/photos/movies/nagesh-thiraiyarangam-audio-launch/ |access-date=4 February 2018 |publisher=Suryanfm.in}}</ref> Director [[Pa. Ranjith]] released the lyrical video of the song ''Unga Appakitta Pesala...''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2018 |title=ஆரிக்கு கைகொடுக்கும் பா.ரஞ்சித் |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2018/02/03144734/1143828/Pa-Ranjith-Comes-for-Aari.vpf |access-date=4 February 2018 |publisher=[[Maalai Malar]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=|s=}}
| title1 = Kangal Rendum
| extra1 = [[Jagadeesh Kumar]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
| lyrics1 = [[Thamarai]]
| length1 = 4:42

| title2 = Vaadi Vaadi
| extra2 = [[Gana Bala]], Anitha Karthikeyan
| lyrics2 = Murugan Manthiram
| length2 = 4:02

| title3 = Unga Appakitta Pesala
| extra3 = Jithesh, [[Remya Nambeesan]]
| lyrics3 = Jegan Set
| length3 = 3:45

| title4 = Kadhal Nilaithane
| extra4 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| lyrics4 = Umadevi
| length4 = 3:46
}}

==Release==
Tamil Nadu theatrical rights of the film were valued at {{INR}}2 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam TN theatrical rights |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8koXzYbS_Kc |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|6007628|Nagesh Thiraiyarangam}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagesh Thiraiyarangam}}
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 horror films]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:2010s horror drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]
[[Category:Films set in cinemas and movie theaters]]
[[Category:Indian horror drama films]]
[[Category:2018 drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sinam (2022 film)

2026-03-03T02:36:40Z

BanglaBlog: adding initial entry from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sinam
| image = Sinam film poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[G. N. R. Kumaravelan]]
| writer = R. Saravanan
| producer = [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|R. Vijayakumar]]
| starring = [[Arun Vijay]] [[Pallak Lalwani]]
| cinematography = S. Gopinath
| editing = [[Raja Mohammad]]
| music = [[Shabir]]
| studio = Movie Slides Pvt Ltd
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|09|16|ref1=}}
| runtime = 112 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinam |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sinam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda5mtyx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111050624/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sinam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda5mtyx |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Sinam''''' ({{Translation|Anger}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sinam Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/sinam/movieshow/93726240.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413102134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/sinam/movieshow/93726240.cms |archive-date=13 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> directed by [[G. N. R. Kumaravelan]]. The film stars [[Arun Vijay]] and [[Pallak Lalwani]] in the lead roles. [[Shabir]] composed the soundtrack album and background score. The title of the film was announced on 6 November 2019. The film was released theatrically worldwide on 16 September 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=Arun Vijay's Sinam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/23/arun-vijays-sinam-gets-a-release-date-34018.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824050952/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/23/arun-vijays-sinam-gets-a-release-date-34018.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> to mixed reviews from critics but eventually flopped at the box office.

==Plot==
Sub-Inspector Pari Venkat (Arun Vijay) is a righteous and fearless [[inspector|police officer]] who lives peacefully with his loving wife, Madhangi, and their young daughter. Pari believes in upholding justice and does not tolerate crime, even involving influential people.

One day, Madhangi leaves home to visit her parents in their hometown. However, she suddenly goes missing. Pari becomes worried when she doesn’t return or answer his calls. His worst fears come true when he finds out that Madhangi has been brutally raped and murdered, her body dumped in a desolate area. Completely shattered, Pari struggles with grief, but his pain soon turns into rage. Determined to bring the perpetrators to justice, he takes charge of the investigation despite being personally affected by the case.

As Pari starts piecing together the crime, he discovers shocking evidence pointing toward a larger conspiracy. He learns that Madhangi had unknowingly witnessed an illegal activity and was targeted to keep her silent. Further investigation reveals that a gang involved in sex trafficking and abuse is behind her murder. The perpetrators are not just normal criminals but have strong political and police connections, making it difficult for Pari to seek justice. The corrupt system tries to stop Pari from digging deeper, and his department warns him to step away from the case. But he refuses to give up.

Fueled by his grief and determination, Pari tracks down the criminals individually. He uses his intelligence and combat skills to fight against the corrupt system. He faces life-threatening situations but refuses to back down. In a thrilling climax, Pari uncovers the entire operation and exposes the main culprits behind the crime. He ensures that those responsible for Madhangi’s brutal murder get the punishment they deserve. The film ends on an emotional note, emphasizing justice, integrity, and the struggles faced by honest police officers in a corrupt system.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Arun Vijay]] as [[Sub-Inspector]] Paari Venkat
* [[Pallak Lalwani]] as Madhangi
* [[Kaali Venkat]] as [[Police Constable]] Kadal
* [[R. N. R. Manohar]] as Commissioner Velayudham
* Baby Desina as Paari Venkat's daughter
* [[K. S. G. Venkatesh]] as Rajamanickam, Madhangi’s father
* Rekha Suresh as Madhangi’s mother
* [[Marumalarchi Bharathi]] as Auto driver
* Tamizh as Jaga
}}

==Production==
The film was tentatively titled as ''AV30''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AV30 Movie Pooja: பூஜையுடன் தொடங்கிய அருண் விஜய்யின் 30ஆவது பட |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/actor-arun-vijays-av30-movie-started-with-small-pooja-today/articleshow/71086908.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911115028/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/actor-arun-vijays-av30-movie-started-with-small-pooja-today/articleshow/71086908.cms |archive-date=11 September 2022 |access-date=11 September 2022 |website=[[Samayam Tamil]]}}</ref> On 6 November 2019, the title of the film was announced to be ''Sinam''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2019 |title=Arun Vijay's film with GNR Kumaravelan titled 'Sinam' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arun-vijay-s-film-gnr-kumaravelan-titled-sinam-111830 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106170904/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arun-vijay-s-film-gnr-kumaravelan-titled-sinam-111830 |archive-date=6 November 2019 |access-date=6 November 2019 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The shooting of the film was wrapped up on 2 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arun Vijay's 'Sinam' shooting wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-sinam-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/74434356.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911083133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-sinam-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/74434356.cms |archive-date=11 September 2022 |access-date=2 March 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was also announced that [[Pallak Lalwani]] would be playing the female lead opposite Arun Vijay.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The second look of Sinam is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-second-look-of-sinam-is-out/articleshow/77545884.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911110526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-second-look-of-sinam-is-out/articleshow/77545884.cms |archive-date=11 September 2022 |access-date=14 August 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 20 November 2019, the makers unveiled the first look poster of the film coinciding with the eve of Arun Vijay's 42nd [[birthday]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2019 |title=Arun Vijay's first look from 'Sinam' released |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arun-vijays-first-look-sinam-released-112700 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121203640/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arun-vijays-first-look-sinam-released-112700 |archive-date=21 November 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> On 14 August 2020, the makers also released the second look poster of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ArunVijay on Twitter: "Happy to share the second look poster from #Sinam!! |url=https://twitter.com/arunvijayno1/status/1294234921762873349 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814113133/https://twitter.com/arunvijayno1/status/1294234921762873349 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = Sinam
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Shabir]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded = 2021–2022
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=15|s=21}}
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label =
| producer = [[Shabir]]
| prev_title = [[Raju Gari Gadhi 3]]
| prev_year = 2019
| misc =
}}

The film’s music is composed by [[Shabir]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Music composition for Arun Vijay's 'Sinam' goes strong during quarantine |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/music-composition-for-arun-vijays-sinam-goes-strong-during-quarantine/articleshow/74993959.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911110159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/music-composition-for-arun-vijays-sinam-goes-strong-during-quarantine/articleshow/74993959.cms |archive-date=11 September 2022 |access-date=11 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2022 |title=Sinam Songs Download - Free Online Songs |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sinam/Ht9Bkq8ageA_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911104002/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sinam/Ht9Bkq8ageA_ |archive-date=11 September 2022 |access-date=11 September 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
| total_length = 21:15
| title1 = Solladi En Kanmani
| extra1 = [[Arun Vijay]] & Pavithra Shreedharan Nair
| lyrics1 = Thamizhanangu
| length1 = 4:22
| title2 = Maarum Nilai Maarum
| extra2 = Meenakshy Jyothish
| lyrics2 = Priyan
| length2 = 3:29
| title3 = Enakaana Siruvaanam
| extra3 = Revanth
| lyrics3 = Eknath
| length3 = 4:27
| title4 = Enil Paaindhidum Kaadhalae (Reprise)
| extra4 = [[Shabir]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| lyrics4 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| length4 = 4:23
| title5 = Nenjellam
| extra5 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar]]
| lyrics5 = Madhan Karky
| length5 = 4:27

}}

==Release==
=== Theatrical ===
The film was released theatrically worldwide on 16 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arun Vijay's Sinam release on September 16 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-sinam-release-on-september-16/articleshow/93712778.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822152237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arun-vijays-sinam-release-on-september-16/articleshow/93712778.cms |archive-date=22 August 2022 |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=அருண் விஜய்யின் சினம் வெளியீட்டு தேதி அறிவிப்பு! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/cinema-arun-vijay-sinam-release-date-announcement-790229.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823055510/https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/cinema-arun-vijay-sinam-release-date-announcement-790229.html |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> Earlier the makers had opted for direct release on OTT due to increase in COVID-19 cases, however Arun Vijay clarified that the film would release only in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2021 |title=Arun Vijay confirms theatrical release of Sinam. See new poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/arun-vijay-confirms-theatrical-release-of-sinam-see-new-poster-1819905-2021-06-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627054414/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/arun-vijay-confirms-theatrical-release-of-sinam-see-new-poster-1819905-2021-06-27 |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |title=Arun Vijay quashes OTT rumours, confirms theatrical release of 'Sinam' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arun-vijay-quashes-ott-rumours-confirms-theatrical-release-sinam-151385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628122113/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arun-vijay-quashes-ott-rumours-confirms-theatrical-release-sinam-151385 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 31 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2022 |title='Sinam' trailer out: Arun Vijay stars as a cop heading a murder investigation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sinam-trailer-out-arun-vijay-stars-as-a-cop-heading-a-murder-investigation/article65833796.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911111320/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sinam-trailer-out-arun-vijay-stars-as-a-cop-heading-a-murder-investigation/article65833796.ece |archive-date=11 September 2022 |access-date=11 September 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

===Home media===
The post-theatrical streaming rights of the film was bought by [[Netflix]] and the satellite rights of the film was bought by [[Kalaignar TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinam OTT release date: When and where to watch this Tamil crime drama starring Arun Vijay online |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sinam-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-tamil-crime-drama-starring-arun-vijay-online/4f9e0436af601 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110053002/https://www.ottplay.com/news/sinam-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-tamil-crime-drama-starring-arun-vijay-online/4f9e0436af601 |archive-date=10 November 2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref> The film was digitally streamed on [[Netflix]] from 10 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Tamil movies, series streaming on OTT in 2022 – Netflix, Prime Video, Zee5, Hotstar, SonyLIV and aha |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/latest-tamil-movies-streaming-on-ott-in-2022-netflix-prime-video-zee5-hotstar-and-sonyliv/94f401f018474 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014113156/https://www.ottplay.com/news/latest-tamil-movies-streaming-on-ott-in-2022-netflix-prime-video-zee5-hotstar-and-sonyliv/94f401f018474 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref>

==Reception==
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The investigative sequences in the second half lack depth and aren't intriguing enough."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=16 September 2022 |title=Sinam Movie Review : Sinam is a decent emotional drama, but doesn't leave you fully satisfied |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sinam/movie-review/94235107.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915042420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Sinam/movie-review/94213272.cms |archive-date=15 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Navein Darshan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Sinam'' aims to be an emotionally stirring film, the absence of silence and a subtler score only disconnects the audience from the film".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2022 |title='Sinam' movie review: This anti-rape 'message' film punishes its audience |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/sep/17/sinam-movie-reviewthis-anti-rape-message-film-punishes-its-audience-2499259.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173045/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/sep/17/sinam-movie-reviewthis-anti-rape-message-film-punishes-its-audience-2499259.html |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "Sinam, with more sensitive writing, could’ve been a far more engaging thriller."<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2022 |title=Sinam movie review: Arun Vijay film is a good investigative thriller with a controversial take on retribution |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/sinam-movie-review-good-thriller-with-a-controversial-take-on-retribution-101663313640965.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916081510/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/sinam-movie-review-good-thriller-with-a-controversial-take-on-retribution-101663313640965.html |archive-date=16 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Bhuvanesh Chandar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Sinam is the kind of movie that tires you to the extent you begin to not care to count its flaws."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=16 September 2022 |title='Sinam' movie review: Arun Vijay's film is vile and uninspiring |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sinam-movie-review-arun-vijays-film-is-vile-and-uninspiring/article65898211.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916083539/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sinam-movie-review-arun-vijays-film-is-vile-and-uninspiring/article65898211.ece |archive-date=16 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Dinamalar]]'' rated the film 2.75 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=சினம் (2022) - விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3194/Sinam-(2022)/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916052106/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3194/Sinam-(2022)/ |archive-date=16 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt11226500}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 crime action films]]
[[Category:2022 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ansha Singh

2026-03-02T21:00:54Z

BanglaBlog: started basic bio more to come!

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{notability|biography|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Ansha Singh
| image =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|2|4}}
| birth_place = [[Bettiah]], [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]], [[Bihar]], India
| height =
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Railways women's football team|Railways]]
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| nationalyears1 = 2004
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U19]]
| nationalyears2 = 2005–2013
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 =
| nationalgoals2 =
| ntupdate = 25 May 2013
}}
'''Ansha Singh''' (born 4 February 1986) is an Indian [[women's association football|footballer]] who played as a defender for the [[India women's national football team|India women's national team]].<ref name=AFC>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/player/9213|title=ANSHA|website=AFC|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref><ref name=AIFF>{{cite news|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/96565?type=club|title=Ansha Singh|website=All India Football Federation|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> She also served as the [[Captain (association football)|captain]] of Indian Railways women's team and is employed at the [[East Central Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]], [[Hajipur]].

==Career==
Singh [[Cap (sport)|capped]] for India at senior level during the 2005 AFC Women's championship qualification round. Her major career achievement was winning the 2010 [[South Asian Games]] gold medal for [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/2426|website=AFC|title=AFC WOMEN'S ASIAN CUP 2008|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
| rowspan="2" |sl no
| rowspan="2" |CLUB/COUNTRY
| rowspan="2" |TOURNAMENT
| rowspan="2" |PLACE
|date
|
| rowspan="2" |RESULT
|-
|from
|to
|-
|1
|BIHAR STATE TEAM
|32 NATIONAL GAMES 2002
|HYDERABAD, VISAKHAPATNAM
|13-Dec-02
|22-Dec-02
|
|-
|2
|BIHAR STATE TEAM
|11TH WOMENS NATIONAL FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP
|CHENNAI
|08-Jun-03
|24-Jun-03
|
|-
|3
|BIHAR STATE TEAM
|3RD JUNIOR WOMEN NATIONAL FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP
|HALDWANI
|22-Sep-03
|08-Oct-03
|
|-
|4
|INDIA
|AFC U-19 WOMENS CHAMPIONSHIP CHINA PR 2004
|CHINA PR
|26-May-04
|06-Jun-04
|
|-
|5
|B. R AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY
|ALL INDIA INTER UNIVERSITY FOOTBALL WOMENS TOURNAMENT
|JIWAJI UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR
|24-Jan-05
|
|
|-
|6
|BIHAR STATE TEAM
|13th WOMENS NATIONAL FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP
|IMPHAL, MANIPUR
|20-Feb-05
|15-Mar-05
|SAG GOLD MEDALIST
|-
|7
|INDIA
|AFC WOMENS CHAMPIONSHIP QUALIFYING ROUND
|VIETNAM
|12-Jun-05
|24-Jun-05
|
|-
|8
|BIHAR STATE TEAM
|16th SENIOR WOMENS NATIONAL FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP 2007–2008
|HALDIA, WEST BENGAL
|29-Feb-08
|16-Mar-08
|
|-
|9
|INDIA
|SOUTH ASIAN GAMES (SAG) 2010
|DHAKA, BANGLADESH
|29-Jan-10
|09-Feb-10
|
|-
|10
|INDIA
|FIFA WOMENS OLYMPIC FOOTBALL TOURNAMENT LONDON 2O12, AFC QUALIFICATIONROUND 1 2011
|DHAKA, BANGLADESH
|18-Mar-11
|23-Mar-11
|
|-
|11
|BIHAR STATE TEAM
|19th SENIOR WOMENS NATIONAL FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP 10–11
|BHILAI, DURG CHHATISGARH
|25-Apr-11
|17-May-11
|
|-
|0
|INDIA
|AFC WOMENS PREPARATION CAMP
|PUNE
|01-Apr-13
|11-May-13
|
|-
|13
|INDIA
|EXPOSURE TOUR FRIENDLY WITH BAHRAINS WOMENS NATIONAL TEAM
|BAHRAIN WOMENS
|12-May-13
|18-May-13
|
|-
|14
|INDIA
|AFC WOMENS CUP 2014 QUALLIFIER ROUND 2013
|PALESTINE
|21-May-13
|25-May-13
|
|-
|15
|INDIAN RAILWAYS
|20th SENIOR WOMENS NATIONAL FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP 10–11
|ASSAM
|27-Apr-14
|13-May-14
|
|-
|16
|EAST CENTRAL RAILWAY
|BIHAR STATE WOMENS CHAMPIONSHIP (S. EJEZ HUSAIN CUP 2014–15)
|MUNGER DIST, BIHAR
|
|
|
|-
|17
|KICKSTARTER FOOTBALL CLUB
|SENIOR WOMENS LEAGUE
|KARNATAKA
|2020
|2020
|
|}

==Honours==

'''India'''
* [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[Football at the 2010 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2010]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/96565?type=club AIFF profile]
* {{GSA player|ansha/379271}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ansha}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Bihar]]
[[Category:Footballers from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Bettiah]]
[[Category:Kickstart FC players]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]

{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}
{{India-footy-defender-stub}}

Tamil Eelam national football team

2026-03-02T10:16:24Z

BanglaBlog:

{{Short description|Football team in Sri Lanka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox national football team
| Name = Tamil Eelam
| Badge =
| Association = Tamileelam Football Association
| Sub-confederation =
| Other-affiliation =
| Confederation = [[Confederation of Independent Football Associations|ConIFA]] [[World Unity Football Alliance]]
| Coach = Ragesh Nambiar
| Captain = Prashanth Ragavan
| Most caps = {{nowrap|Gvinthan Navaneethakrishnan Prashanth Ragavan}} (15)
| Top scorer = {{nowrap|Prashanth Ragavan}} (12)
| pattern_la1 = plain
| pattern_b1 = plain
| pattern_ra1 = plain
| leftarm1 = FF0000
| body1 = FF0000
| rightarm1 = FF0000
| shorts1 = 000000
| socks1 = 000000
| pattern_la2 = plain
| pattern_b2 = plain
| pattern_ra2 = plain
| leftarm2 = 000000
| body2 = 000000
| rightarm2 = 000000
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| First game = {{fb|Raetia}} 1–0 {{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}} ([[Erbil]], Iraq; 5 June 2012)

|
| Largest win = {{fb|Tamil Eelam}} 10–0 {{fb-rt|Darfur}} ([[Östersund]], Sweden; 7 June 2014)

|
| Largest loss = {{fb|Tamil Eelam}} 0–9 {{fb-rt|Iraqi Kurdistan}} ([[Östersund]], Sweden; 3 June 2014)

|
| Regional name = [[ConIFA World Football Cup]]
| Regional cup apps = 2
| Regional cup first = [[2014 ConIFA World Football Cup|2014]]
| Regional cup best = 11th (2014)
| medaltemplates =
| website = {{URL|1=http://www.tamileelamfa.net/|2=Tamileelam Football Association}}
| 2ndRegional cup apps = 2
| 2ndRegional cup first = [[2023 CONIFA Asian Football Cup|2023]]
| 2ndRegional cup best = '''Champions''' ([[2023 CONIFA Asian Football Cup|2023]], [[2025 CONIFA Asian Football Cup|2025]])
| 2ndRegional name = [[CONIFA Asian Football Cup]]}}
The '''Tamil Eelam National Football Team''' ({{langx|ta|தமிழீழத் தேசிய உதைபந்தாட்ட அணி}}) is a representative football team for [[Tamil Eelam]], a proposed state in [[Sri Lanka]]. The team, which consists of professional and semi-professional drawn from the [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora]] community in Canada and Europe, was established in 2012 by the [[Tamileelam Football Association]] (TEFA).<ref name=TN150612>{{cite news|title=Eezham Tamil football players take part in Viva World Cup for first time|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=35298|newspaper=[[TamilNet]]|date=15 June 2012}}</ref> TEFA is affiliated to the [[Confederation of Independent Football Associations]], an umbrella association for entities [[Non-FIFA international football|unaffiliated with FIFA]], and therefore cannot compete in the [[FIFA World Cup]] and the [[AFC Asian Cup]] since they are not affiliated with the [[Asian Football Confederation]] (AFC). As of March 2020, the team was ranked 16th in the CONIFA World ranking.<ref>{{cite web|title=CONIFA World Rankings|url=http://www.conifa.org/en/2020/02/19/the-conifa-world-rankings-theres-a-new-team-at-the-top/|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511231603/https://www.conifa.org/en/2020/02/19/the-conifa-world-rankings-theres-a-new-team-at-the-top/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
The Tamil Eelam Football Association was established by the Global Tamil Youth League on 8 April 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam gets ready for VIVA World Cup|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=4966|newspaper=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=31 May 2012}}</ref> The Tamil Eelam national football team made its international debut at the [[2012 VIVA World Cup]] held in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]], finishing in 7th place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam makes international football debut|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=5015|newspaper=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=6 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam at World Football Cup 2014|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=11102|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=2 June 2014}}</ref> The team took part in the Tynwald Hill International Football Tournament History held on the [[Isle of Man]] in July 2013, finishing in 3rd place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tournament attracts global media|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/tournament-attracts-global-media-1-5796643|work=Isle of Man Today|date=26 June 2013|archive-date=14 July 2014|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215429/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/tournament-attracts-global-media-1-5796643|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam gets set for Tynwald Hill International Football Tournament|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=8218|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=3 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam celebrate 3rd place finish after stunning 5-0 victory|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=8251|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=7 July 2013}}</ref> The team took part in the [[2014 ConIFA World Football Cup]] held in the [[Sápmi (area)|Sápmi]] region.<ref>{{cite news|title=Genocide survivors, stateless compete in non-FIFA World Cup|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/sport/192/details/395197/genocide-survivors,-stateless-compete-in-non-fifa-world-cup|work=[[Gulf Times]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=7 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam football team gets ready for ConIFA World Championship|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=10759|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=27 April 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194849/http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=10759|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Tournament record==
===World Cup record===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! Year !! Position !! P !! W !! D !! L !! F !! A
|-
! colspan=8|[[VIVA World Cup]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Occitania}} [[2006 VIVA World Cup|2006]] ||colspan=7 rowspan=4| ''did not enter''
|-
| {{flagicon|Sápmi}} [[2008 VIVA World Cup|2008]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Padania}} [[2009 VIVA World Cup|2009]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Gozo}} [[2010 VIVA World Cup|2010]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Iraqi Kurdistan}} [[2012 VIVA World Cup|2012]] || '''7th''' || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 4 || 11
|-
! colspan=8|[[ConIFA World Football Cup]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Sapmi}} [[2014 ConIFA World Football Cup|2014]] || '''11th''' || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 12 || 15
|-
| {{flagicon|Abkhazia}} [[2016 ConIFA World Football Cup|2016]] ||colspan=7|''did not qualify''
|-
| {{flagicon|Barawa}} [[2018 ConIFA World Football Cup|2018]] || '''14th''' || 6 || 1 || 0 || 5 || 4 || 22
|-
| {{flagicon|North Macedonia}} [[2020 CONIFA World Football Cup|2020]] ||colspan=7 rowspan=2|{{center|''Cancelled''}}
|-
| {{flagicon|Kurdistan}} [[2024 CONIFA World Football Cup|2024]]
|-
|'''Total''' || '''Best: 7th''' || '''14''' || '''3''' || '''0''' || '''11''' || '''20''' || '''48'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! colspan=8|World Cup History
|-
! Year !! Round !! Date !! Stadium !! colspan=3|Score !! Result
|-
! colspan=8|VIVA World Cup
|-
| rowspan=5|[[2012 VIVA World Cup|2012]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Calendar Results|url=http://www.vivaworldcup2012.com/calendar-results.htm|publisher=[[2012 VIVA World Cup]]|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607044626/http://www.vivaworldcup2012.com/calendar-results.htm|archive-date=2012-06-07}}</ref>
|-
| Round 1 (Group B) || align=center|5 June 2012 || [[Franso Hariri Stadium]], [[Erbil]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Raetia}} || align=center|'''1-0''' || '''{{fb|Tamil Eelam}}''' || Lose
|-
| Round 1 (Group B) || align=center|6 June 2012 || [[Franso Hariri Stadium]], [[Erbil]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''0-3''' || {{fb|Zanzibar}} || Lose
|-
| 5th-8th Place Semi-Finals || align=center|7 June 2012 || [[Franso Hariri Stadium]], [[Erbil]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Occitania}} || align=center|'''7-0''' || '''{{fb|Tamil Eelam}}''' || Lose
|-
| 7th Place Match || align=center|9 June 2012 || [[Franso Hariri Stadium]], [[Erbil]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''4-0''' || {{fb|Raetia}} || Win
|-
! colspan=8|ConIFA World Football Cup
|-
| rowspan=5|[[2014 ConIFA World Football Cup|2014]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Match Schedule|url=http://worldfootballcup.org/match-schedule/|publisher=[[2014 ConIFA World Football Cup]]}}</ref>
|-
| Round 1 (Group A) || align=center|2 June 2014 || [[Jämtkraft Arena]], [[Östersund]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''0-2''' || {{fb|Arameans Suryoye}} || Lose
|-
| Round 1 (Group A) || align=center|3 June 2014 || [[Jämtkraft Arena]], [[Östersund]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''0-9''' || {{fb|Iraqi Kurdistan}} || Lose
|-
| Placement Round 1 || align=center|5 June 2014 || [[Jämtkraft Arena]], [[Östersund]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''2-4''' || {{fb|Sápmi}} || Lose
|-
| Placement Round 2 || align=center|7 June 2014 || [[Jämtkraft Arena]], [[Östersund]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''10-0''' || {{fb|Darfur}} || Win
|-
| rowspan=7|[[2018 ConIFA World Football Cup|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Stadium and ticketing information for CONIFA's 2018 Paddy Power World Football Cup|url=http://www.conifa.org/en/2018/03/07/stadium-and-ticketing-information-for-conifas-2018-paddy-power-world-football-cup/|publisher=[[Confederation of Independent Football Associations]]|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511221920/https://www.conifa.org/en/2018/03/07/stadium-and-ticketing-information-for-conifas-2018-paddy-power-world-football-cup/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Round 1 (Group A) || align=center|31 May 2018 || [[Hayes Lane]], [[Bromley]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Barawa}} || align=center|'''4-0''' || {{fb|Tamil Eelam}} || Lose
|-
| Round 1 (Group A) || align=center|2 June 2018 || [[War Memorial Sports Ground|Colston Avenue]], [[Carshalton]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Ellan Vannin}} || align=center|'''2-0''' || {{fb|Tamil Eelam}} || Lose
|-
| Round 1 (Group A) || align=center|3 June 2018 || [[St Paul's Sports Ground]], [[Rotherhithe]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}} || align=center|'''0-6''' || {{fb|Cascadia}} || Lose
|-
| Placement Round 9th-16th || align=center|5 June 2018 || Parkside, [[Aveley]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Abkhazia}} || align=center|'''6-0''' || {{fb|Tamil Eelam}} || Lose
|-
| Placement Round 13th-16th || align=center|7 June 2018 || [[Gander Green Lane]], [[Sutton, London|Sutton]] || align=right|'''{{fb-rt|Tamil Eelam}}''' || align=center|'''4-3''' || {{fb|Tuvalu}} || Win
|-
| Placement Round 13th-14th || align=center|9 June 2018 || Parkside, [[Aveley]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Matabeleland}} || align=center|'''1-0''' || {{fb|Tamil Eelam}} || Lose
|-
|}

===Asia Cup Record===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=8|CONIFA Asia Cup
|-
! Year !! Position !! P !! W !! D !! L !! F !! A
|-
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[2023 CONIFA Asia Cup|2023]] || '''1st''' || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 9 || 2
|-
| {{flagicon|England}} [[2025 CONIFA Asia Cup|2025]] || '''1st''' || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 11 || 1
|-
|'''Total''' || '''Best: 1st''' || '''6''' || '''6''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''20''' || '''3'''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! colspan="8" |ConIFA Asia Cup
|-
! Year !! Round !! Date !! Stadium !! colspan=3|Score !! Result
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|Group Stage
|5 August 2023
|Clube Olimpico Montijo
|Tamil Eelam '''[[File:Bicolor_flag_of_Tamil_Eelam.svg|link=|alt=|22x22px]]'''
|'''3-0'''
|{{flagicon image|Hmong Flag (UNPO).svg}} [[Hmong FF]]
|Win
|-
|Group Stage
|7 August 2023
|Clube Olimpico Montijo
| align=right|{{fb-rt|Tibet}}
|'''1-3'''
|'''[[File:Bicolor_flag_of_Tamil_Eelam.svg|link=|alt=|22x22px]]''' Tamil Eelam
|Win
|-
|Final
|9 August 2023
|Clube Olimpico Montijo
|Tamil Eelam '''[[File:Bicolor_flag_of_Tamil_Eelam.svg|link=|alt=|22x22px]]'''
|'''3-1'''
|{{flagicon image|Hmong Flag (UNPO).svg}} [[Hmong FF]]
|Win
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|Group Stage
|1 July 2025
|Elmbridge Sports Hub
|Tamil Eelam '''[[File:Bicolor_flag_of_Tamil_Eelam.svg|link=|alt=|22x22px]]'''
|'''4-0'''
|{{fb|Tibet}}
|Win
|-
|Group Stage
|2 July 2025
|Elmbridge Sports Hub
|Tamil Eelam '''[[File:Bicolor_flag_of_Tamil_Eelam.svg|link=|alt=|22x22px]]'''
|'''2-1'''
|{{fb|East Turkestan}}
|Win
|-
|Final
|4 July 2025
|Elmbridge Sports Hub
|Tamil Eelam '''[[File:Bicolor_flag_of_Tamil_Eelam.svg|link=|alt=|22x22px]]'''
|'''5-0'''
|{{fb|East Turkestan}}
|Win
|}

===Tynwald Hill International Football Tournament===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=8|Tynwald Hill International Football Tournament
|-
! Year !! Position !! P !! W !! D !! L !! F !! A
|-
| {{flagicon|Isle of Man}} 2013 || '''3rd''' || 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 10 || 8
|-
|'''Total''' || '''Best: 3rd''' || '''3''' || '''2''' || '''0''' || '''1''' || '''10''' || '''8'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! colspan=8|Tynwald Hill International Football Tournament History
|-
! Year !! Round !! Date !! Stadium !! colspan=3|Score !! Result
|-
| rowspan=4|2013<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam edge eight-goal Tynwald Tournament thriller with Sealand|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/sport/football-news/tamil-eelam-edge-eight-goal-tynwald-tournament-thriller-with-sealand-1-5826812|work=Isle of Man Today|date=5 July 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073030/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/sport/football-news/tamil-eelam-edge-eight-goal-tynwald-tournament-thriller-with-sealand-1-5826812|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Eelam through to 3rd/4th place play-offs after losing to Occitania|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=8248|work=[[Tamil Guardian]]|date=6 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Occitania win Tynwald Hill International Football Tournament|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/sport/football-news/occitania-win-tynwald-hill-international-football-tournament-1-5833792|work=Isle of Man Today|date=8 July 2013|archive-date=18 November 2015|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118113354/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/sport/football-news/occitania-win-tynwald-hill-international-football-tournament-1-5833792|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Round 1 (Group 1) || align=center|4 July 2013 || Mullen e Cloie, [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Sealand}} || align=center|'''3 – 5''' || '''{{fb|Tamil Eelam}}''' || Win
|-
| Round 1 (Group 1) || align=center|6 July 2013 || Mullen e Cloie, [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Occitania}} || align=center|'''5 – 0''' || '''{{fb|Tamil Eelam}}''' || Lose
|-
| 3rd/4th Place Match || align=center|7 July 2013 || Mullen e Cloie, [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]] || align=right|{{fb-rt|Raetia}} || align=center|'''0 – 5''' || '''{{fb|Tamil Eelam}}''' || Win
|}

==Recent results==
===2019===
{{footballbox collapsible
|date={{Start date|2019|10|10|df=y}}
|time=
|round=WC Qualification Match
|team1= {{fb-rt|Yorkshire}}
|score= 1–2
|team2={{fb|Tamil Eelam}}
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Meadow Lane]]
|location= [[Yorkshire]], [[England]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|report =
|result=W
|stack=
}}

==Current squad==
The following players are members of the current squad. They have played in the recent CONIFA 2020 WFC qualification matches. The CONIFA 2020 World Football Cup has been cancelled due to the unprecedented disruption of the coronavirus pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conifa.org/en/2020/03/23/announcement-conifa-sportsbet-io-world-football-cup-2020/ |title=Announcement: CONIFA Sportsbet.io World Football Cup 2020 – CONIFA |website=www.conifa.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323202100/http://www.conifa.org/en/2020/03/23/announcement-conifa-sportsbet-io-world-football-cup-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>
{{nat fs g start}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 1|pos=GK|name=Praveen Ahilan |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1992|09|20}}|caps= 2|goals=0|club=Canada |clubnat=CAN}}
{{nat fs g player|no=12|pos=GK|name=Jerome Marusilin|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1994|12|14}}|caps= 1|goals=0|club=NUSC |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs g player|no=13|pos=DF|name=Ninon Paskarajesudasan|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1993|9|15}}|caps= 3|goals=0|club=France |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 2|pos=DF|name=Keerthihan Kalaialagan|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1995|10|13}}|caps= 3|goals=0|club=France |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no=25|pos=DF|name=Thomas Thevasahayam|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1995|6|9}}|caps= 2|goals=0|club=France |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 5|pos=DF|name=Sujeen Ravinchandran |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1993|8|20}}|caps= 2|goals=1|club=FC Bourget|clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no=23|pos=DF|name=[[Jey Siva]] |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1988|3|23}}|caps= 3|goals=0|club=[[Harlow Town F.C.|Harlow Town]]|clubnat=ENG}}
{{nat fs g player|no=22|pos=DF|name=Majuran Panchalingam|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1987|1|27}}|caps= 1|goals=0|club=Switzerland |clubnat=SWI}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs g player|no=16|pos=MF|name=Steven Sacayaradjy|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1995|2|2}}|caps=3|goals=1|club=France |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 8|pos=MF|name=[[Panushanth Kulenthiran]] |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1990|7|26}}|caps= 11|goals=8|club=AC Senna Gloria |clubnat=ITA}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 6|pos=MF|name=Mayooran Chelliah |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1991|4|8}}|caps= 9|goals=1|club=CS Eelavar|clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no=17|pos=MF|name=Senthuran Uthayasuthan|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1992|9|30}}|caps= 3|goals=6|club=France |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no=15|pos=MF|name=Janothan Perananthan|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1994|7|20}}|caps= 6|goals=1|club=Surbiton Sports |clubnat=ENG}}
{{nat fs g player|no=21|pos=MF|name=Shara Sivananthan|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1996|1|17}}|caps= 1|goals=0|club=UK |clubnat=ENG}}
{{nat fs g player|no=19|pos=MF|name=Kisanthan Nagarasa|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1998|12|28}}|caps= 1|goals=0|club=Germany|clubnat=GER}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs g player|no=10|pos=FW|name=Gvinthan Navaneethakrishnan|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1990|3|28}}|caps=15|goals=8|club=SV Kickers Büchig |clubnat=GER}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 7|pos=FW|name=Prashanth Ragavan |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1991|8|21}}|caps=15|goals=12|club=Drancy United |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no= 9|pos=FW|name=Kasthuran Chelliah |age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1990|8|9}}|caps= 6|goals=2|club=WDS'19 |clubnat=NED}}
{{nat fs g player|no=14|pos=FW|name=Kirushan Confucious|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1995|6|16}}|caps= 2|goals=0|club=France |clubnat=FRA}}
{{nat fs g player|no=20|pos=FW|name=Agash Pathi|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|2019|10|10|1997|01|25}}|caps= 1|goals=2|club=Stovner |clubnat=NOR}}
{{nat fs end}}

==See also==
* [[Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam]]
* [[Tamil Eelam national cricket team]]
* [[World Tamil Conference]]
* [[World Classical Tamil Conference 2010]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{URL|1=http://www.tamileelamfa.net/|2=Tamileelam Football Association}}
* {{Facebook|TamileelamFA|Tamileelam Football Association}}

{{Non-FIFA teams}}
{{Sri Lankan Tamil people}}
{{Confederation of Independent Football Associations members}}

[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2012]]
[[Category:Tamil Eelam|Football national]]

Vindhya Pradesh

2026-03-01T18:59:15Z

BanglaBlog: quick updated structure after review and corrected details

{{Short description|Former State of India (1948-1956)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States {{nobold|{{small|(1948–1950)}}}}<hr>Vindhya Pradesh {{nobold|{{small|(1950–1956)}}}}
|common_name = Vindhya Pradesh
|nation = [[India]]
|status_text = [[States and union territories of India|State of India]]
|era =
|year_start = 1948
|date_start =
|event_start = Creation of Vindhya Pradesh State
|year_end = 1956
|date_end =
|event_end = [[States Reorganisation Act]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|capital = [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]]
|p1 = Central India Agency
|p2 =
|s1 = Madhya Pradesh
|flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|flag_p2 =
|flag_s1 = ..Madhya Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png
|image_flag =
|image_coat = Emblem of Vindhya Pradesh.png
|image_map = Vindhya Pradesh in India (1951).svg
|image_map_caption = 1951 map of India. Vindhya Pradesh is shown in the centre.
|stat_area1 = 61131.5
|stat_year1 =
|stat_pop1 = 3600000
|footnotes = {{Cite book |pages=54–5| title=Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records |author=Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya |year=1977 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi}}
}}
'''Vindhya Pradesh''' was a former [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[India]]. It was created in 1948 as '''Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States''' from the territories of the [[princely state]]s in the eastern portion of the former [[Central India Agency]]. It was named as Vindhya Pradesh on 25 January 1950 after the [[Vindhya Range]], which runs through the centre of the province. The capital of the state was the former princely state of [[Rewa (princely state)|Rewa]]. It lay between [[Uttar Pradesh]] to the north and [[Madhya Pradesh]] to the south, and the enclave of [[Datia]], which lay a short distance to the west, was surrounded by the state of [[Madhya Bharat]].

Vindhya [[Pradesh]] was merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956, following the [[States Reorganisation Act]].<ref name="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">{{cite web |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=195637%20&tfnm2=11 |title=States Reorganisation Act, 1956 |date=31 August 1956 |series=India Code Updated Acts |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India |pages=section 9 |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927133712/http://indiacode.nic.in/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=195637%20&tfnm2=11 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It occupied an area of 61,131.5 km2 (23,603 sq. miles).<ref name="bhattacharyya">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njYpsvmr2dsC&q=Vindhya+Pradesh+%2B+1948+%2B+Bundelkhand+%2B+Baghelkhand+%2B+Gwalior+Residency&pg=PA54|pages=54–5|title=Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records|last=Bhattacharyya|first=P. K.|year=1977|isbn=0-8426-909-13|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi}}</ref>

==History==
Vindhya Pradesh state was formed on 12 March 1948 and inaugurated on 4 April 1948. 36 [[princely state]]s were merged to form Vindhya Pradesh state:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
#[[Rewa (princely state)|Rewa]]
# [[Panna State|Panna]]
# [[Datia State|Datia]]
# [[Orchha State|Orchha]]
# [[Ajaigarh State|Ajaigarh]]
# [[Shahdol]]
# [[Baraundha State|Baraundha]]
# [[Bijawar State|Bijawar]]
# [[Chhatarpur State|Chhatarpur]]
# [[Charkhari State|Charkhari]]
# [[Maihar State|Maihar]]
# [[Nagod State|Nagod]]
# [[Samthar State|Samthar]]
# [[Alipura State|Alipura]]
# [[Rampur Naikin]]
# Beri
#[[Sidhi]]
# Bihat
# Bijna
# Dhurwai
# Garrauli
# [[Gaurihar State|Gaurihar]]
# [[Singrauli]]
# Jigni
# [[Khaniadhana State|Khaniadhana]]
# Kamta Rajaula (Chaube Jagir)
# Kothi
# Kirur (Kubje Jagir)
# Lugasi
# Naigawan Rebai
# Pahra (Chaube Jagir)
# ([[Bevhari]])
# Sarila
# Sihawal
# [[Satna]] Jagir)
{{Div col end}}
On 25 January 1950, 11 erstwhile princely states, namely, Bihat, Banka Paharee, Baoni, Beri, Bijna, Charkhari, Jigni, Samthar, Sarila, Tori-Fatehpur and parts of Kirur Kubje were transferred to [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Bharat]]. Vindhya Pradesh, together with the states of [[Madhya Bharat]] and [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal State]], was merged into Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956.

==Divisions==
[[File:Vindhya Pradesh map.jpg|thumb|A map of Vindhya Pradesh]]
After formation, the state was divided into two divisions, which were further divided into 8 districts.

Bundelkhand Division with its headquarters at [[Nowgaon]] comprised the following 4 districts:

# [[Panna district]]
# [[Chhatarpur district]]
# [[Tikamgarh district]]
# [[Datia district]]

Baghelkhand Division with its headquarters at [[Singrauli]] and then [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]] comprised the following 4 districts:<ref name="bhattacharyya"/>
# [[Rewa district]]
# [[Satna district]]
# [[Sidhi district]]
# [[Shahdol district]]

==Politics==

===Part B state (1948-1949)===
In 1948, the eastern regions of [[Central India Agency]] became the Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States, and was admitted into the [[Dominion of India]] as a [[States Reorganisation Commission#Background|Part B]] state, headed by a [[Rajpramukh]], deputised by a Uparajpramukh, under the advice of a Prime Minister. [[Martand Singh]], the ruler of the princely state of [[Rewa (princely state)|Rewa]], became the [[Rajpramukh]] and Yadvendra Singh, the ruler of the princely state of [[Panna State|Panna]], became the Uparajpramukh. Awadhesh Pratap Singh became the first Chief Minister of the [[Baghelkhand]] Division and [[Kamta Prasad (politician)|Kamta Prasad]] Saxena was appointed as the Chief Minister of the [[Bundelkhand]] Division. Later [[Awadhesh Pratap Singh]] became the Chief Minister of the Vindhya Pradesh state.

====Rajpramukhs of Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States (UBBS)====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
|-
|1
|[[Martand Singh]]
|4 April 1948
|31 December 1949
|{{age in years and days|1948|04|04|1949|12|31}}
|}

====Uparajpramukhs of Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States (UBBS)====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
|-
|1
|Yadvendra Singh
|4 April 1948
|31 December 1949
|{{age in years and days|1948|04|04|1949|12|31}}
|}

====Chief Ministers of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States====

Awadhesh Pratap Singh became the first Chief Minister of the Baghelkhand Division and Kamta Prasad Saxena was appointed as the Chief Minister of the Bundelkhand Division.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |State
!Appointed by
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|[[Awadhesh Pratap Singh]]
|[[Baghelkhand]] State
|
|[[Martand Singh]]
([[Rajpramukh]])
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| scope="row" |1
|[[Kamta Prasad (politician)|Kamta Prasad]] Saxena
|[[Bundelkhand]] State
|
|[[Martand Singh]]
([[Rajpramukh]])
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|}

====Prime Ministers of Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States (UBBS)====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
!Appointed by
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|[[Awadhesh Pratap Singh]]
|28 May 1948
|14 April 1949
|{{age in years and days|1948|05|28|1949|04|15}}
|[[Martand Singh]]
([[Rajpramukh]])
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| scope="row" |2
| Neil Bruniat Bonerji
|15 April 1949
|30 April 1949
|{{age in years and days|1949|04|15|1949|04|30}}
|[[Martand Singh]]
([[Rajpramukh]])
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|-
| scope="row" |3
|[[S. N. Mehta|Shreenath Mehta]]
|1 May 1949
|31 December 1949
|{{age in years and days|1949|05|01|1949|12|31}}
|[[Martand Singh]]
([[Rajpramukh]])
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|}

===Part C state (1950-1952)===
It was renamed Vindhya Pradesh and converted to a Part C state, headed by a Chief Commissioner, on 1 January 1950.

====Chief Commissioners of Vindhya Pradesh====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
!Appointed by
|-
|1
|[[S. N. Mehta|Shreenath Mehta]]
|1 January 1950
|20 January 1950
|{{age in years and days|1950|01|01|1950|01|20}}
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
([[President of India]])
|-
|2
|V. K. Balakrishna Pillai
|21 January 1950
|30 March 1952
|{{age in years and days|1950|01|21|1952|03|30}}
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
([[President of India]])
|}

===Part A state (1952-1956)===
In 1952, it became a Part A state, and the post of Chief Commissioner was replaced by the [[Lieutenant Governor (India)|Lieutenant Governor]].
A [[Legislative Assembly (India)|legislative assembly]] comprising 60 members elected from 48 constituencies (36 single-member and 12 double-member)<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_VP.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Vindhya Pradesh|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=16 August 2009|archive-date=10 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410001934/http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_VP.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> was created and the state was allotted 4 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies (2 single-member and 2 double-member).<ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1951 to the First Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=29 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233255/http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF|archive-date=9 April 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In the first general election in 1951, the [[Indian National Congress]] won 40 seats and the [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]] won 11 seats.<ref name=eci1/> [[S.N.Shukla|S.N. Shukla]] of Indian National Congress became the Chief Minister of the state on 13 March 1952, [[Shivanand]] became the Speaker and [[Ram Kishore Shukla]] of [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]] the leader of the opposition of the house.

The state was dissolved on 31 October 1956 and merged with Madhya Pradesh.

====Lieutenant Governors of Vindhya Pradesh====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
!Appointed by
|-
|1
|[[K. Santhanam|Kasturirangan Santhanam]]
|31 March 1952
|1 January 1956
|{{age in years and days|1952|03|31|1956|01|01}}
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
([[President of India]])
|-
|2
|[[Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao]]
|2 January 1956
|31 October 1956
|{{age in years and days|1956|01|02|1956|10|31}}
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
([[President of India]])
|}

====Chief Ministers of Vindhya Pradesh====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{tooltip|#|Number}}
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
! scope="col" |Assembly
!Appointed by
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|[[S.N.Shukla|Sambhu Nath Shukla]]
|31 March 1952
|31 October 1956
|{{age in years and days|1952|03|31|1956|10|31}}
|1st
 ([[1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952 elections]])
| [[K. Santhanam|Kasturirangan Santhanam]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|}

===Post merger with Madhya Pradesh===
[[Sriniwas Tiwari]] was a prominent politician in the region who campaigned for the re-establishment of Vindhya Pradesh over the years post its dissolution and merger with Madhya Pradesh. Other advocates of the cause include Narayan Tripathi, 4-time [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Maihar Assembly constituency|Maihar]], and social worker Kuldeep Agnihotri, associated with the Agni Shakti Education Foundation in Rewa.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

==See also==
*[[List of proposed states and territories of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{States of India on 26 January 1950}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|24.53|N|81.3|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Regions of India]]
[[Category:Historical regions in India]]
[[Category:History of Madhya Pradesh (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]

Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station

2026-03-01T15:07:25Z

BanglaBlog: expanded references based on references and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Military base in India}}
{{Coord|28.371888|N|77.276432|E|display=title}}
'''Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station''' ('''RAFLS'''), the '''54 ASP''' logistics base of the [[Indian Air Force]]'s [[Western Air Command (India)|Western Air Command (WAC)]],<ref name=asp1>1980, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jJX-AyAGXwsC&q=sirsa+air+force+station+was+established+in "Haryana Review"], Volume 14, Page 47.</ref> is located at sector-50 of [[Dabua]] colony of [[Faridabad]] city in [[Haryana]] state of India. Headed by a Logistics Group Captain, it is home of the Guard Dog Training Unit and the 56th Air Storage Park.<ref name=rns1>2017, [https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s305049e90fa4f5039a8cadc6acbb4b2cc/uploads/2018/05/2018051750-1.pdf Fridabad disaster management plan], Govt of Haryana, p23.</ref><ref name=rns3>13 Nov 2016, [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/GROUND-THREAT-FOR-AIR-WARRIORS/articleshow/55396438.cms Ground Threat for air warriors], Times of India.</ref><ref name=rns2>1991, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OHnfAAAAMAAJ Sainik Samachar: The Pictorial Weekly of the Armed Forces], p26.</ref>

==History==
{{See also | List_of_airports_in_India#Haryana | label 1 = Airports in Haryana | History_of_Haryana#Aviation | label 2 = Aviation history of Haryana | History of the Indian Air Force | label 3 = Indian Air Force history | Civil_aviation_in_India#History | label 4 = Civil Aviation History of India | Aviation_History | label 5 = World Aviation History | Aviation_in_India | label 6 = Aviation in India | Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation }}
[[File:IAF Wapiti K1260.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Westland Wapiti]], one of the first aircraft of the Indian Air Force.]]

On 8 October 1932, the Indian Air Force was established in [[British India]] as an auxiliary air force of [[Royal Air Force]],<ref name="clause4">{{cite book|contribution= CLAUSE 4.—(Relations between Royal Air Force and Indian Air Force, and attachment of personnel.) | url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1933/apr/03/clause-4-relations-between-royal-air |title=HC Deb 3 April 1933 vol 276 cc1473-501|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date= 3 April 1933 | access-date=8 April 2009}}</ref><ref name="IAF">{{cite web| title=History of the IAF| url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=98| work=Official Website| publisher=Webmaster IAF – Air Headquarters| access-date=7 April 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409235005/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_page.php?pg_id=98| archive-date=9 April 2009| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="airpower3">{{cite journal |last=Bedi |first=Sanjeev |date=Summer 2008 |title=Strategic Role of Air Power |journal=Air Power Journal |volume=3 |publisher=Center for Air Power Studies |issue=2 |pages=27–45 |url=http://www.aerospaceindia.org/Journals/Summer%202008/Sanjeev%20Bedi.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723023345/http://www.aerospaceindia.org/Journals/Summer%202008/Sanjeev%20Bedi.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2019-07-23 |access-date=8 April 2009 }}</ref> and adopted the Royal Air Force uniforms, badges, brevets and insignia.<ref name="Heraldry">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Museum/Palam/Heraldry.html |title=INDIAN AIR FORCE MUSEUM - Heraldry (Badges and Insignia) |publisher=Bharat Rakshak |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329193739/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Museum/Palam/Heraldry.html |archive-date=29 March 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Goyal">{{cite web|last=Goyal |first=S.N. |title=1939–45 Second World War: Air Force Reminiscences |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1940s/Goyal.html |work=Sainik Samachar |publisher=Indian Air Force |date=October 1993 |access-date=8 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006180501/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1940s/Goyal.html |archive-date=6 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 1948, first airstrip was built in Haryana when [[Ambala Air Force Station]] was established following the independence of India. After the independence of India in 1947, an air force logistics base was established at Faridabad.

The Western Air Command (WAC), of which Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station is a key component within the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]], has been the major operational command involved in most of the war fought by India, including the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]], [[Sino-Indian War]] in 1962, the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]], [[Operation Pawan]] (1986) in Sri Lanka and [[Operation Safed Sagar]] during the 1999 [[Kargil War]], and the ongoing air logistics operations to supply troops deployed at [[Siachen Glacier]].

==Facilities==
This facility is headed by an [[Air Force ranks and insignia of India#Officer ranks|Indian Air Force Officer]] of [[Group Captain]] rank from the [[Military logistics|Air Force Logistics]] [[Wing (military aviation unit)#Commonwealth usage|wing]]. It has a [[Guard dog|Guard Dog]] [[Dog training|Training Unit]] and the 56th Air Storage Park.<ref name=rns1/> The operations at Commands are supported by the technical and logistics wing at the Command and units level, and logistics wing is responsible for ensuring the supply and storage of spares and consumables.<ref name=rns7>[http://cgda.nic.in/ifa/manuals/airforce.pdf IAF Manual, p.14.]</ref> Air force logistics is challenging task due to the geographical diversity of weapon system sites and technological diversity of weapon systems and spares, high costs, and high lead times of military aviation equipments.<ref name=rns7/>

In addition to this logistics base at Dauba, IAF also has two firing range (AFRU - Air Force Range Unit), range 1 and range 2, at [[Tilpat]] within Faridabad.<ref name=rns7/>

==Issues==
===Illegal private construction===
The 100 metres land around the air force stations and 900 meters around the ammunition depot is a protected zone where construction is not permitted as per the law. People mostly of lower middle class bought land near this station and constructed houses, neither the Air Force Station nor the local authorities objected earlier. It came into picture after PIL filed in High Court,more than 10000 houses and around 1L people living here, but govt data claims only 250 structures.<ref name=rns3/> In 2010, a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] (PIL) was filed in the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] to have these illegal structures removed. The local Municipal Corporation of Faridabad stopped providing proper roads and drainage facilities after this PIL, but the Court never gave order to stop providing basic amenities to the houses constructed in this area.<ref name=rns4>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/6k-structures-in-buffer-area-of-iaf-ammo-depot-in-gurgaon-to-be-sealed/articleshow/62044626.cms 6k structures in buffer area of IAF ammo depot in Gurgaon to be sealed], Times of India, 12 Dec 2017.</ref><ref name=rns5>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/no-extension-for-objections-over-removal-of-encroachments-around-iaf-ammunition-depot/articleshow/64579852.cms 'No extension for objections over removal of encroachments], Times of India, 13 Jun 2018.</ref>

===Illegal sand mining===
In May 2018, [[Delhi High Court]] asked the government to ensure to protect the [[Tilpat]] 1 & 2 ranges of IAF on the banks of [[Yamuna]] river from the [[Sand theft|illegal sand mining]].<ref name=rns6>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/is-iaf-protecting-its-land-on-yamuna-banks-from-sand-mining-delhi-hc-asks-5179829/ Is IAF protecting its land on Yamuna banks from sand mining: Delhi HC asks] Indian Express, 17 May 2018.</ref>

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Aviation|India}}}}
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Ambala Air Force Base]]
* [[Gurugram Air Force Station]]
* [[Sirsa Air Force Station]]
* [[Hisar Military Station]]
* [[List of Indian Air Force bases]]
* [[List of Armed Forces Hospitals In India]]
* [[Railway in Haryana]]
* [[List of state highways in Haryana|Road Highways and Expressways in Haryana]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indianairforce.nic.in/ Official website of The Indian Air Force]
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/ Indian Air Force on bharat-rakshak.com]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm Global Security article on Indo-Pakistani Wars]
* [http://www.dsalert.org/insignia/indian-air-force Designators Batches of Indian Air Force]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081022200042/http://careerairforce.nic.in/ Career Air Force Government of India]

{{Indian Air Force}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]
[[Category:Faridabad district]]

G.H.S.S Alampady

2026-02-22T16:33:15Z

BanglaBlog: added new post.

{{No footnotes|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = G.H.S.S Alampady
| native_name = Government Higher Secondary School Alampady
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = G.H.S.S Alampady
| logo =
| city = [[Alampady]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|31|28|N|75|1|47|E|display=inline,title}}
| motto =
| established = {{start date|1975}}
| location = [[Alampady]]
| closed =
| type = Co-Educational
| status =
| category_label = Government School
| category =
| gender_label =
| gender =
| affiliation =
| affiliations = [[Kerala State Education Board]]
| administrator = [[Kerala State Education Board]]
| president =
| chairman_label =
| chairman =
| rector =
| principal =
| campus_director =
| headmaster =
| head_label =
| head =
| head_name2 =
| head2 =
| dean =
| founder =
| chaplain =
| officer_in_charge =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff = 32
| enrollment = April to June
| grades_label =
| grades =
| address = [[Alampady]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| district = [[Kasaragod]]
| oversight =
| accreditation = [[Kerala Education Board]]
| campus =
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| houses =
| student_union =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| free_label =
| free_text =
| rival =
| yearbook =
| newspaper =
| free_label1 =
| free_text1 =
| free_label2 =
| free_text2 =
| free_label3 =
| free_text3 =
| test_name =
| test_average =
| national_ranking =
| website =
| footnotes =
| picture =
| picture_caption =
| picture2 =
| picture_caption2 =
}}

'''Government Higher Secondary School [[Alampady]]''' (G.H.S.S Alampady), [[Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]], [[India]], is a co-educational [[Malayalam]] medium school. The school is situated at upper part of [[Alampady]] about one kilometer away from [[Alampady]] town. The school is managed by [[Kerala State Education Board]] following the SCERT syllabus and official school code is 11022.

The school consists of grades from 1 to 12 with a pre-primary section and in the higher secondary section, there are commerce and humanities batches. The school is in its own 2 acres of land, which includes 33 classrooms, 3 labs, 2 libraries, 4 toilets, and 2 rooms for non-teaching activities. The staff strength of the school is 35, in which 32 are teaching staff and 4 are non-teaching staff.

==History==
G.H.S.S Alampady was established in 1975 by [[Kerala Government]] as a lower primary school. This was the only school near to [[Alampady]] at the time of establishment. The school started and continued its operations in [[Madrasa]], which was run by Qilar Juma Masjid committee, [[Alampady]] until the school got its own building.

==References==
*[[List of educational institutions in Kasaragod district]]
*[http://education.kerala.gov.in/Downloads2011/Notifications/statitics/hs/kasaragod.pdf List of school in Kasaragod District 2018]
*[http://dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=14 List of schools in Kasaragod ]
*[https://schools.org.in/kasaragod/32010300410/ghss-alampady.html G.H.S.S Alampady]

{{DEFAULTSORT:G.H.S.S Alampady}}
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:Schools in Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1943]]
[[Category:1943 establishments in India]]

Andal, Paschim Bardhaman

2026-02-08T18:49:13Z

BanglaBlog: fixed formatting further and added references

{{Redirect|Ondal|Goguryeo's general|Ondal (Goguryeo)|the Tamil saint|Aandaal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Andal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighborhood in [[Durgapur, West Bengal]]
| image_skyline = Andal Rail Station 01.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Andal railway station
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.60|N|87.20|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = City
| subdivision_name1 = [[Durgapur]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.77
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 76
| population_total = 19,924
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713321
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 0341
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Raniganj (West Bengal Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raniganj]]
| website = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Andal''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Andal (community development block)|Andal]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Durgapur]] city of the [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=550| height=400| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|33|20|N|87|19|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the southern and eastern portions of Durgapur subdivision in Paschim Bardhaman district''' MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: census town, R: rural centre, A: airport, B: barrage, H: historical site Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|23|31|34|N|87|22|24|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Arra| numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Arra, Paschim Bardhaman|Arra]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|30|32|N|87|23|40|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Gopalpur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Gopalpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Gopalpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|30|4|N|87|21|48|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bamunara| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bamunara, Paschim Bardhaman|Bamunara]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|27|58|N|87|23|0|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Amlajora| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Amlajora]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|27|40|N|87|27|45|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Kanksa| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Kanksa]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|27|22|N|87|27|14|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Debipur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Debipur, India|Debipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|26|57|N|87|26|52|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Prayagpur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Prayagpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|18|N|87|12|28|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Siduli| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Siduli]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|38|30|N|87|13|31|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Khandra| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Khandra]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|39|14|N|87|14|34|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Ukhra| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Ukhra]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|37|44|N|87|13|10|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Mahira| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Mahira]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|37|11|N|87|13|1|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Dakshin Khanda| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Dakshin Khanda]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|36|51|N|87|8|51|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Kajora| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Kajora]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|36|16|N|87|10|45|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Harishpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Harishpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|35|50|N|87|9|47|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Palashban| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Palashban]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|35|24|N|87|11|56|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Dignala| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Dignala]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|35|0|N|87|11|7|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Andal| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=Andal (CT)|shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black 
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|34|30|N|87|10|45|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Baska| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Baska, Andal|Baska]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|33|54|N|87|17|38|E}} | label-pos19=right|label-color19=#800000| label19=Durgapur | numbered19=MC| mark-title19=[[Durgapur]] (MC)|shape-color19=#800000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|27|7|N|87|28|6|E}} | label-pos20=right| label20= Panagarh | numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[Panagarh]] (R)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|28|41|N|87|23|34|E}} | label-pos21=left| label21= Rajbandh | numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Rajbandh]] (R)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|38|54|N|87|9|41|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=ECL Kajora|labela22= Area Office | numbered22=0| mark-title22=[[Kajora Area|ECL Kajora Area Office]] (A)| shape-color22=#AA6666| label-size22=13|
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.619389|87.244333}}| label23= Kazi Nazrul|labela23= Islam Airport| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=12|numbered23= A| mark-title23 = [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport]]| shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.474444|87.4275}}| label24= Panagarh Airport| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=12| numbered24=A|mark-title24 =[[Panagarh Airport]]| shape-color24=#C42222
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.4754|87.3023}}| label25= Durgapur|labela25= Barrage| label-color25 = #C42222 | label-angle25=0| label-pos25=right| label-size25=10| mark-size25=12| numbered25=B|mark-title25 =[[Durgapur Barrage]]| shape-color25=#C42222
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.5648|87.2367}}| label26= Durgapur|labela26= Steel |labelb26 =Plant| label-color26 = #C42222 | label-angle26=0| label-pos26=bottom| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.5386|87.2693}}| label27= Alloy|labela27= Steels |labelb27 =Plant| label-color27 = #C42222 | label-angle27=0| label-pos27=bottom| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.5186|87.2983}}| label28= Durgapur|labela28= Projects |labelb28 =Limited| label-color28 = #C42222 | label-angle28=0| label-pos28=bottom| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.6374|87.4243}}| label29=Ajay River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=47| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.4984|87.2623}}| label30=Damodar River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=40| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|36|29|N|87|27|13|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31=Gourangapur| numbered31=H| mark-title31= [[Gourangapur]] (H)| shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|36|0|N|87|29|19|E}} | label-pos32=left| label32= Bankati | numbered32=R| mark-title32=[[Bankati, Paschim Bardhaman]] (R)|shape-color32=#C42222
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|33|51|N|87|24|6|E}} | label-pos33=left| label33= Malandighi | numbered33=R| mark-title33=[[Malandighi]] (R)|shape-color33=#C42222
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|37|43|N|87|24|28|E}} | label-pos34=left| label34= Sibpur | numbered34=R| mark-title34=[[Sibpur, Paschim Bardhaman]] (R)|shape-color34=#C42222
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|36|22|N|87|25|46|E}} | label-pos35=left| label35= Garh Jungle | numbered35=H| mark-title35=[[Garh Jungle]] (H)|shape-color35=#AA6666}}

===Location===
Andal is located at {{coord|23.60|N|87.20|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 76 metres (249 feet). This area lies between the [[Damodar River]] and the [[Ajay River]].<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folklore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, pp. 14–15, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>

Singaran, a small stream about 35 km long has its origin near Ikra in the Jamuria area, flows past Topsi and Andal and joins the [[Damodar River|Damodar]] near [[Waria (India)|Waria]].<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, p34</ref>

===Urbanisation===
According to the 2011 census, 79.22% of the population of the Durgapur subdivision was urban and 20.78% was rural. The Durgapur subdivision has 1 municipal corporation at [[Durgapur]] and 38 (+1 partly) [[census town]]s (partly presented in the map alongside; all places marked on the map are linked in the full-screen map).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 September 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Andal, a part of Andal (gram), [[Dignala]], [[Sankra]], [[Palashban]] and [[Baska, Andal|Baska]] lying south of [[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]] (old numbering NH 2)/ [[Grand Trunk Road]] form a cluster of census towns. This cluster is linked to a cluster of census towns located north of NH 19.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Bardhaman, Series 20, Part XII A, Census of India 2011 | work= Map of Ondal CD Block, page 229| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 16 September 2018}}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Andal police station has jurisdiction over parts of the [[Andal (community development block)|Andal]] CD block. The area covered is 106 km2 and the population covered is 236,000.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://asansoldurgapurpolice.in/# |title = Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate |work = Find your police station | publisher= Asansol Durgapur Police | access-date = 18 February 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ondal had a total population of 19,924 of which 10,321 (52%) were males and 9,603 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 2,176. The total number of literate persons in Ondal was 14,613 (82.34% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 February 2017 }}</ref>

*For language details see [[Andal (community development block)#Language and religion]]

As of 2001 India [[census]], Andal had a population of 19,504. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Andal has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 68%. In Andal, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==


According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Bardhaman'', Andal covered an area of 2.77 km2. Andal (gram) covered an area of 8.8396 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 15 km roads with open drains, the protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from treated sources, tube well, borewell. It had 2,000 domestic electric connections and 1,600 road lighting (points). Among the medical facilities, it had 1 dispensary/health centre. Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest degree college at [[Khandra]] 10 km away. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had were 2 public libraries. It had the branch office of 1 nationalised bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179–1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 14 May 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
=== Road ===
Andal is on the [[Grand Trunk Road]] or [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]], now part of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]].

=== Rail ===
[[Andal railway station]] is a junction as it is on the Howrah-Delhi track and is linked with [[Sainthia]] through the [[Andal-Sainthia branch line]]. There is also a track to [[Jasidih railway station]], passing through the colliery towns of Tapasi and Jamuria and Sitarampur.

[[File:Andal Rail Station 02.jpg|thumb|Andal Railway Station]]
Asansol division of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]] has the largest goods yard at Andal. The marshalling of wagons is done by a hump yard fitted with mechanical retarders.<ref>[http://www.drmasn.gov.in/at_a_glance.htm Eastern Railway – Asansol] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723024141/http://www.drmasn.gov.in/at_a_glance.htm |date=23 July 2011 }}</ref>

===Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport ===
{{Main|Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport}}{{Main|Andal Aerotropolis}}
The Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the [[Government of West Bengal|West Bengal Government]] announced on 7 September 2007 plans to set up a new airport – along with a township, [[Information Technology|IT]] and logistics hub – at Durgapur.
This earmarked the beginning of the Aerotropolis Project in Andal. Spread over approximately {{convert|2182|acre|km2}}, the Durgapur Aerotropolis Project is shaping up in the Asansol Durgapur Planning Area (ADPA) of Burdwan District in West Bengal.

An Integrated Township, IT Park and Logistics Hub will see the light of the day along with the Durgapur Aerotropolis Project. These will help in enhancing the growth prospects of Durgapur. [https://bengalaero.com/ BAPL] has completed most of its legal procedures like receiving the In-Principle Clearance from the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] and getting the Land Use Development Control Plan (LUDCP) approved by [https://addaonline.in/ Asansol Durgapur Development Authority] (ADDA). It has also entered into a Technical Services Agreement with [[Changi Airport]]s India Pte Ltd, Singapore. In the area both [[Asansol]] and [[Durgapur]] have airstrips for the landing of small planes. The airfield at [[Panagarh Airport|Panagarh]] is under [[Indian Air Force]].

The honourable chief minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee announced on 25 May 2013 (Nazrul Islam's Birth Anniversary) that she has proposed to name the airport at Durgapur after the iconic Indian Bengali poet, author, musician, freedom fighter and the National poet of Bangladesh, [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]. This has been a matter of great joy and pride for the people.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/09/08/stories/2007090852192100.htm | title = New airport planned near Durgapur | access-date = 2007-09-08 | publisher = The Hindu Business Line, 8 September 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224319/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/09/08/stories/2007090852192100.htm| archive-date= 30 September 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Andal constituency ==
In the 1957 General Elections, Ondal was a dual constituency. While Ananda Gopal Mukherjee of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] won the open seat, Dwajadhari Mondal of INC won the seat reserved for Scheduled Castes.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf| title = Statistical Report on General Elections 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal| access-date = 2008-01-26| publisher = Election Commission of India| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307123516/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf| archive-date = 7 March 2008| url-status = dead}}</ref> For election results in other years for the area see [[Ausgram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ausgram]] and [[Durgapur Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Durgapur]]

As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, from 2011 Andal community development block is part of [[Raniganj (West Bengal Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Education ==
Ondal High School is a Bengali-medium boys only institution established in 1949. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. The school has 10 computers and a library with 1,800 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090107905/andal-high-school.html | title = Andal High School| publisher = Schools.org.in|access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Andal Girls' High School is a Bengali-medium girls' only institution established in 1954. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. The school has 10 computers, a library with 2,600 books and a playground.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090107903/andal-girls-high-school.html | title = Andal Girls' High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Andal Hindu Hindi Vidyalaya is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1931. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. The school has 2 computers and a library with 1,000 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090116202/andal-hindu-hindi-vidyalaya.html | title = Andal Hindu Hindi Vidyalaya| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Rahmatnagar Iqbal Academy High School is an Urdu medium coeducational institution. it has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.

Andal South Bazar Urdu Free Primary School is an Urdu medium school. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class V.

Ondal Village High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1869. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090115402/ondal-village-high-school.html | title = Ondal Village High School | publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Andal Mahabir High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1969. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090108804/andal-mahabir-high-school.html | title = Andal Mahabir High School | publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Traffic Colony Netaji Vidyapith is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1975. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090107902/traffic-colony-netaji-vidyapith.html | title = Traffic Colony Netaji Vidyapith| publisher = Schools.world.in |access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Ondal Eastern Railway High School is an English-medium coeducational institution established in 2000. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090107906/ondal-eastern-railway-high-school.html | title = Ondal Eastern Railway High School| publisher = Schools.org.in|access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

Andal More Junior High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 2009. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090115203/andal-more-jr-high-school.html| title = Andal More Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org|access-date = 6 June 2020}}</ref>

There are two English medium secondary schools named St. Mary's (Station Road) and St. Francis Xavier School.

==Healthcare==
There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Andal (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 May 2020}}</ref> Ondal Railway Hospital at Andal, with 50 beds, and FCI Hospital at Andal, with 50 beds, are functional.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 May 2020 }}</ref>

==Andal Aerotropolis==
{{Main|Andal Aerotropolis}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090617061729/http://www.bardhaman.com/bigmap.htm Map of Bardhaman district]
* [http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html Population of Andal(Ondal under Barddhaman)(Row 218)]

{{Paschim Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Paschim Bardhaman district]]

Krishna Hutheesing

2026-02-07T23:41:50Z

BanglaBlog: brief expanded formatting per sources and updated info

{{Short description|Indian writer (1907–1967)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krishna Hutheesing
| image = Krishna Hutheesing 1958.jpg
| caption = Hutheesing {{c.}} 1958
| birth_name = Krishna Nehru
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1907|11|2}}
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Prayagraj]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1967|11|9|1907|11|2}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| burial_place =
| occupation = [[Writer]]
| yearsactive =
| works =
| other_names =
| signature =
| spouse = Gunottam (Raja) Hutheesing
| parents = [[Motilal Nehru]] (father) [[Swarup Rani Nehru]] (mother)
| relatives = See [[Nehru family]] and [[Hutheesing family]]
| children = Harsha Hutheesing [[Ajit Hutheesing]]
| awards =
}}

'''Krishna Nehru Hutheesing''' (2 November 1907 – 9 November 1967) was an Indian writer, the youngest sister of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/14/archives/sister-of-nehru-arrives-for-us-lecture-tour.html Sister of Nehru Arrives For U.S. Lecture Tour] ''[[New York Times]]'', 14 January 1947.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Foreign News: Clear-Eyed Sister |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,892893-1,00.html |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=TIME Magazine |date=January 3, 1955}}</ref> and [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]], and part of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]].

==Biography==
[[File:Nehru-Gandhi family group photo.jpg|thumb|upright|The family of [[Motilal Nehru]], who is seated in the center.
Standing (L to R) [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]], Krishna Hutheesing, [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Ranjit Sitaram Pandit]]; Seated: [[Swarup Rani]], [[Motilal Nehru]] and [[Kamala Nehru]] (circa 1927).]]
Hutheesing was born Krishna Nehru, in Mirganj, [[Allahabad]] to [[Motilal Nehru]], an Indian independence activist and leader of the [[Indian National Congress]], and [[Swarup Rani]]. She was married to Gunottam (Raja) [[Hutheesing]], who belonged to an [[Ahmedabad]] Jain family that built the [[Hutheesing Jain Temple]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110131183331/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,864347,00.html Raja Hutheesingh might have..''The Tiger Rider''] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 19 May 1958.</ref> During the later 1950s, he became critic of Nehru and in 1959, supported former Governor General [[C. Rajagopalachari]], to form a conservative market liberal political party known as the [[Swatantra Party]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090522105313/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,825732-2,00.html A Rise of Voices] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 6 July 1959.</ref>
[[File:David Ben-Gurion - Krishna Hutheesing 1958.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Krishna Hutheesing meeting [[David Ben-Gurion]] (the first Prime Minister of Israel) in Israel, 1958]]
Hutheesing and her husband fought for India's independence and spent a great deal of time in jail.<ref>{{cite news |title=When Stone Walls Cry |url=https://india.oup.com/product/when-stone-walls-cry-9780199466894 |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Raja's terms in jail came while they were raising their two young sons, Harsha Hutheesing and [[Ajit Hutheesing]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

In 1950, the Hutheesings toured the United States on a lecture tour.<ref>{{cite news |title=People: The Laurels |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856585,00.html |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=TIME Magazine |date=April 10, 1950 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131123259/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856585,00.html |archive-date=January 31, 2011}}</ref> In late May 1958 Krishna spent three days in [[Israel]]. Her host was [[Yigal Alon]], who a year earlier founded 'The Israel-India Friendship League' as a tool to circumvent the then Indian government policy to avoid direct [[India–Israel relations|diplomatic relations between the two states]].

Hutheesing documented her life as well as the lives of her brother, Jawaharlal and her niece, [[Indira Gandhi]], in a series of books that intertwine history with personal anecdotes including ''We Nehrus,'' ''With No Regrets- An Autobiography,'' and ''Dear to Behold: An Intimate Portrait of Indira Gandhi''.

Hutheesing's husband, Raja, also wrote books: ''The Great Peace: An Asian's Candid Report on Red China'' (1953), ''Window on China'' (1953), and ''Tibet fights for freedom : the story of the March 1959 uprising'' (1960).

Hutheesing was associated with the '[[Voice of America]]' and gave several talks. She died in [[London]] in 1967.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mrs. Krishna Hutheesing, an Author and a Sister of Nehru, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/11/10/archives/mrs-krishna-hutheesing-an-author-and-a-sister-of-nehru-dies.html |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=November 10, 1967}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Shadows On the Wall'', J. Day Co., 1948.
* ''The Story of Gandhiji'', Kutub Pub., 1949.
* ''We Nehrus'', by Krishna (Nehru) Hutheesing with [[Alden R. Hatch|Alden Hatch]]. Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1967.<ref>{{cite news |title=WE NEHRUS |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/krishna-hutheesing/we-nehrus/ |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=September 1, 1967}}</ref>
* ''Dear to Behold: An Intimate Portrait of Indira Gandhi'', Published by Macmillan, 1969.
* ''With No Regrets - An Autobiography'', by Krishna Nehru Hutheesing, Published by READ BOOKS, 2007. {{ISBN|1-4067-7661-0}}. ([https://archive.org/stream/withnoregretsana007944mbp#page/n7/mode/2up Online text, 1945 edition])

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/search/Krishna%20Nehru%20Hutheesing Krishna Nehru Hutheesing materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hutheesing, Krishna Nehru}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian women biographers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Writers from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Women autobiographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Swatantra Party politicians]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Women in Uttar Pradesh politics]]

Harsiddhi Devi Mandir, Rangir

2026-02-06T13:49:53Z

BanglaBlog: made new bio...

{{Short description|Temple in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Harsiddhi Devi Mandir
| image
= File:Devi Harsiddhi Mata.png
| alt =
| caption = Devi Harsiddhi
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{Coord|23.61|N|78.92|E|display=title}}
| other_names =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district =
| location = Rangir, [[Sagar District]]
| elevation_m =
| festivals = [[Navratri]]
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website = }}

'''Harsiddhi Devi Mandir''' is a Hindu temple dedicated to Devi [[Harsiddhi]] in the [[Sagar District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/sagar-news/harsiddhi-mata-of-rangir-7116983|title=पहाड़ों पर विराजीं रानगिर की हरसिद्धि माता, तीन रूपों में होते हैं भक्तों को दर्शन {{pipe}} Harsiddhi Mata of Rangir|date=11 October 2021|website=Patrika News}}</ref>

==History==

The temple is situated on the banks of [[Sunar River#Dehaar river|Dehar River]], about 20 km from [[Rehli]] on the road between Rahli and [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]. It was a witness to a battle between Maharaja Chhatrasal and Mughal Faujdar Khaliq of [[Dhamoni]]. Maratha Subedar Govindrao Pandit had made Rangir his headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parytansthal.com/rangir-harisdhi-mata-mandir-sagar/|title=रानगिर हरसिद्धि माता मंदिर सागर {{pipe}} Harsiddhi Mata Mandir Rangir Sagar|first=Rajiv|last=Thakur|date=12 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Rangir.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Rangir, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref>

===Beliefe===
According to beliefs, Goddess [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]]'s raan had fallen here, hence the name of this place became Rangir, it is considered one of the 52 [[Shakta pithas|Shaktipeeths]] of the Goddess.<ref>[https://www.naidunia.com/spiritual/vrat-tyohar-mata-sati-thigh-was-fell-here-therefore-this-place-is-called-rangiri-1621344 Naidunia]30 November 2024</ref>

==Temples==
[[File:Rangir Temple.JPG|thumb|150px|Rangir Temple]]
=== Harsiddhi Mandir ===
There is a temple of Harsiddhi Devi on a nearby hill, where a fair is held in her honor in the months of Ashwin and Chaitra. Chaitra fair has special significance and during this time thousands of devotees come here.<ref>https://www.bhaktvatsal/madhya-pradesh/rangir-harsiddhi-mata-mandir-sagar {{Dead link|date=November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sagar.nic.in/tourist-place/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0/|title=रानगिर {{pipe}} जिला सागर, मध्यप्रदेश शासन {{pipe}} भारत}}</ref>

=== Boodhi Rangir ===
On the other side of the river is the Budhi Rangir temple, it is believed that earlier the temple of the goddess used to be there, to reach the temple one has to cross the river.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/madhya-pradesh/city/sagar/sagar-temple-of-maa-harsiddhi-situated-on-the-hill-of-rangir-full-of-natural-beauty-maha-navami-2022/mp20221004084105365365548|title=Maha Navami 2022: हर मनोकामना को पूरी करती हैं रानगिर में विराजी हरसिद्धि माता, दिन में तीन बार बदलती हैं रूप|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=4 October 2022|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>

==Miracles==
The image of the goddess is held in great veneration and people believe that she changes her form thrice every day, as a child at dawn, a young girl at mid day and an old women in the evening. A government rest house of forest department is located here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bansalnews.com/sagar-harsidhhi-mata-mandir-rangir-wali-maiya-navratri-mp-famous-durga-temple-devi-shakti-peeth-in-hindi-news-pds/|title=इस मंदिर में दिन में तीन रूप बदलती हैं मां हरसिद्धि, ऐसा है रानगिर मंदिर|first=Preeti|last=Dwivedi|date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

==Access==
Rangir is well connected with roads. [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] is 40 km away, served by a [[Saugor railway station|railway station]].{{fact|date=May 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sagar district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Durga temples]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sagar district]]

{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}
{{Sagar-geo-stub}}

Rukhsana Sultana

2026-02-06T07:42:45Z

BanglaBlog: added information for consistency and improved wording

{{short description|Indian socialite}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rukhsana Sultana
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Jalandhar|Jullundur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]])
| image =
| birth_name = Meenu Bimbet
| death_date = 1996
| occupation = Political activist
| years_active = 1970–1976
| spouse = Shivinder Singh Virk (divorced)
| children = [[Amrita Singh]]
| relatives = [[Sara Ali Khan]] (granddaughter) [[Begum Para]] (aunt) [[Nasir Khan (actor)|Nasir Khan]] (uncle) [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] (cousin)
| known_for =
| height =
}}

'''Rukhsana Sultana''' (born '''Meenu Bimbet''' died 1996)<ref>https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/are-sara-ali-khan-amrita-singh-related-to-dilip-kumar-fact-check/amp/ </ref> was an Indian socialite known for being one of [[Sanjay Gandhi]]'s close associates during the state of [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] in India between 1975 and 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/investigation/story/19770531-rukhsana-sultana-the-chief-glamour-girl-of-the-emergency-823746-2014-08-14|title=Rukhsana Sultana: The chief glamour girl of the Emergency}}</ref> During this period she became known for leading Sanjay Gandhi's [[Compulsory sterilization|sterilisation campaign]] in Muslim areas of Old Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/tragedy-at-turkman-gate-witnesses-recount-horror-of-emergency/story-UD6kxHbROYSBMlDbjQLYpJ.html|title=Tragedy at Turkman Gate: Witnesses recount horror of Emergency|date=28 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Das|editor-first1=Veena|display-editors=etal|last=Tarlo|first=Emma|title=Violence and subjectivity|date=2000|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520216082|page=266|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KsEcQnb2VIC&dq=sultana&pg=PA242}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Tarlo|first1=Emma|title=Unsettling memories : narratives of the emergency in Delhi|date=2001|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520231221|pages=38–39, 143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IO1WB2H8UUC&dq=sultana&pg=PR5|accessdate=13 February 2017}}</ref><ref>Gwatkin, Davidson R. "Political will and family planning: the implications of India's emergency experience." Population and Development Review (1979): 29-59.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=French|first1=Patrick|title=India : a portrait|date=2011|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|isbn=978-0307272430|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307272430/page/43 43]|edition=1st U.S.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307272430|url-access=registration|quote=rukhsana sultana .|accessdate=13 February 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Rukhsana was born as Meenu Bimbet to Zarina Sultana (sister of film actress, [[Begum Para]]) and Mohan Bimbet. She was connected through birth and marriage to a number of well-known personalities in Indian films and media. Her aunt Begum Para was married to [[Nasir Khan (actor)|Nasir Khan]] younger brother of [[Dilip Kumar]]. Rukhsana married Shivinder Singh Virk, an officer in the Indian Army and the nephew of [[Khushwant Singh]]. They later divorced. They had one daughter, [[Amrita Singh]] who was a leading Bollywood actress in the 1980s. Rukhsana is the grandmother of [[Sara Ali Khan]] and Ibrahim Ali Khan (b.2001) from Amrita's marriage to [[Saif Ali Khan]]<ref name="TOI1">{{cite web|last1=Varma|first1=Anuradha|title=In Bollywood, everyone's related!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/In-Bollywood-everyones-related/articleshow/4654411.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=21 April 2016|date=14 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/bollywood/actresses/amrita-singh.html |title=Film Actress Amrita Singh - Bollywood Star Amrita Singh - Amrita Singh Biography - Amrita Singh Profile |publisher=Iloveindia.com |date= |accessdate=2016-09-13}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultana, Rukhsana}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian socialites]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:Women from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Activists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People of the Emergency (India)]]

Sarwar Fort

2026-02-01T20:57:58Z

BanglaBlog: adding first post needs work

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
The '''Sarwar Fort''' is a [[fort]] in the city of [[Sarwar, Rajasthan|Sarwar]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It was built by the Royal Gaur dynasty (Sarwar clan) who were the rulers of the [[Kishangarh State|Kishangarh]] state.<ref>history of rajput states agency</ref> Sarwadi gate of Kishangarh was built by this Adi Gaur dynasty of Bharadwaj Gotra.{{Infobox monument|name=Sarwar Fort|location=[[Sarwar, Rajasthan|Sarwar]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]|coordinates={{coord|26.0582238|75.007604}}native_name=सरवार फोर्ट|type=Fort}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Forts in Rajasthan]]

{{India-struct-stub}}
{{fort-stub}}

Search: The Naina Murder Case

2026-01-26T08:27:12Z

BanglaBlog: adding new post nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Search- The Naina Murder Case.jpeg
| genre = {{Plainlist|*[[Crime film|Crime]]
*[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[The Killing (Danish TV series)|The Killing]]''|[[Søren Sveistrup]]}}
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = Radhika Anand Shreya Karunakaram
| story =
| director = [[Rohan Sippy]]
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Konkona Sen Sharma]]
*[[Shraddha Das]]
*[[Shiv Panditt]]
* Surya Sharma
}}
| narrator =
| composer = Pranaay
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Rahul Prakash Prasoon Grag Rajesh Sethi [[Søren Sveistrup]] Piv Bernth Ingolf Gabold
| music =
| producer = [[Sameer Nair]] Deepak Segal Maansi S Darrbaar Amrita Sen
| cinematography = Murzy Pagdiwala
| editor = Abhishek Seth
| screenplay =
| camera =
| runtime =
| company = [[Applause Entertainment]] Highgate Entertainment
| network = [[JioHotstar]]
| network2 =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2025|10|10}}
| first_aired2 =
| last_aired2 =
}}

'''''Search: The Naina Murder Case''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[web series]] streaming on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search - The Naina Murder Case out on OTT: Where to watch, episode details, and more about Konkona Sensharma's mystery thriller|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/search-the-naina-murder-case-out-on-ott-where-to-watch-episode-details-and-more-about-konkona-sensharmas-mystery-thriller/f10a8db0d661|access-date=10 October 2025 |website=OTT Play|language=en}}</ref> It is directed by [[Rohan Sippy]] and produced by [[Applause Entertainment]] and
Highgate Entertainment .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search: The Naina Murder Case trailer: Konkona Sen Sharma plays a cop in Rohan Sippy's crime-thriller|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Sep/25/search-the-naina-murder-case-trailer-konkona-sen-sharma-plays-a-cop-in-rohan-sippys-crime-thriller |access-date=25 September 2025 |website=Cinema Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 September 2025 |title=Search trailer: Konkona Sensharma hunts for truth in Rohan Sippy's crime thriller|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/search-the-naina-murder-case-konkona-sensharma-crime-thriller-jiohotstar-2793351-2025-09-25|access-date=25 September 2025 |work=India Today|language=en-IN}}</ref>

It stars [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Shraddha Das]], [[Shiv Panditt]] and Surya Sharma<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=WATCH! EXCLUSIVE Konkona Sen Sharma on 'Search: The Naina Murder Case': 'Parenting is tricky; there is no right or wrong…'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-konkona-sen-sharma-on-search-the-naina-murder-case-parenting-is-tricky-there-is-no-right-or-wrong-13940761.html|access-date=9 October 2025 |website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gavankar|first=Vaishnavi |date=8 October 2025 |title=Search: The Naina Murder Case OTT release: When and where to watch Konkona Sen Sharma's crime thriller|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/ott/search-the-naina-murder-case-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-konkona-sen-sharma-s-crime-thriller-article-13605197.html|access-date=9 October 2025 |website=moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref> and the was released on 10 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2025 |title=Search: The Naina Murder Case trailer: Konkona Sensharma investigates a brutal murder in Rohan Sippy's show|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/search-the-naina-murder-case-trailer-konkona-sensharma-investigates-a-brutal-murder-in-rohan-sippys-show-10270515/|access-date=25 September 2025 |website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
It's based on the Danish TV Series ''[[The Killing (Danish TV series)|The Killing]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title='Search: The Naina Murder Case' trailer: Murder mystery stars Konkona Sensharma as a cop |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1086971/search-the-naina-murder-case-trailer-murder-mystery-stars-konkona-sensharma-as-a-cop |website=Scroll.in |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=25 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Konkona Sen Sharma's JioHotstar Series 'Search: The Naina Murder Case' Revealed as Indian Adaptation of Danish Hit 'The Killing' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/konkona-sen-sharma-jiohotstar-search-naina-murder-case-killing-adaptation-1236533873/ |website=Variety |access-date=2 October 2025 |date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Konkona Sen Sharma]] as ACP Sanyukta Das
* Surya Sharma as ACP Jai Kanwal
*[[Shraddha Das]] as Raksha Patil
*[[Shiv Panditt]] as Tushar Surve
*[[Iravati Harshe]] as Payal Marathe
*[[Govind Namdeo]] as Pradeep Bhosle
*Varun Thakur as Randhir Jha
*[[Dhruv Sehgal]] as Sahil Shrivastav
*Pari Tonk as Mahi Das
*Chandsi Kataria as Naina Marathe
*[[Naved Aslam]] as DCP Deepak Rathi
*[[Mukul Chadda]] as Bheesham Das
*Kabir Kachroo as Ojas Adhikari
*Anmol Rawat as Aarav Tripathi
*Atiya Tara Nayak as Lavanya Sawant
*Madhurima Ghosh as Supriya
*Sagar Deshmukh as Uddhav Marathe
*Abhishek Bhalerao as Constable Sunil Singh

== Release ==
It was released on 10 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search The Naina Murder Case OTT release date: When, where to watch Konkona Sensharma's thrilling investigation|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/search-the-naina-murder-case-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-konkona-sensharmas-thrilling-investigation/3373935375489|access-date=27 September 2025 |website=OTT Play |language=en}}</ref> The official trailer was unveiled on 25 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2025 |title=The Naina Murder Case trailer: Konkona Sen Sharma looks promising in this gripping crime thriller|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-naina-murder-case-trailer-konkona-sen-sharma-looks-promising-in-this-gripping-crime-thriller-1758886764665|website=WION}}</ref>
==Reception==
[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said that "Konkona Sen Sharma fronts classic conflict of a whodunit with domestic and professional pushes and pulls in play, even as murky details which shaped the crime begin emerging."<ref>{{cite web|first=Shubhra|last=Gupta|title=Search The Naina Murder Case review: Konkona Sen Sharma is excellent in cop-and-crime show|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-konkona-sen-sharma-is-excellent-in-cop-and-crime-show-10298700/|date=10 October 2025|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
Anurag Singh Bohra of ''[[India Today]]'' gave it 3 stars out of 5 and stated that "'Search: The Naina Murder Case' is a must-watch for cinephiles who like to study not just cinema, but also the versatility of actors like Konkona. It is also meant for those craving the human element and complex characters in crime-thrillers."<ref>{{cite web|first=Anurag singh|last=Bohra|title=Search The Naina Murder Case Review: Konkona Sensharma shines in cliched whodunit|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-konkona-sen-sharma-shines-in-cliched-whodunit-2800825-2025-10-10|date=10 October 2025|work=India Today}}</ref>
Abhimanyu Mathur of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "Konkona Sen Sharma's acting is one of the highlights of this gripping but uneven show."<ref>{{cite web|first=Abhimanyu|last=Mathur|title=Search The Naina Murder Case review: A brilliant Konkona Sen Sharma is let down by a show pandering to OTT cliches|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-a-brilliant-konkona-sen-sharma-let-down-by-pandering-to-ott-cliches-rohan-sippy-101760075216243.html|date=10 October 2025|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and observed that "A well-acted, atmospheric whodunit that grips in parts but leaves you wanting more."<ref>{{cite web|first=Archika|last=Khurana|title=Search: The Naina Murder Case Season 1 Review : Konkona Sen Sharma and Surya Sharma jointly weave a gripping tale of crime and justice|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/search-the-naina-murder-case/season-1/seasonreview/124364875.cms|date=10 October 2025|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' observed that "Search frustratingly turns off the tap just when the flow is the strongest, ending on a cliffhanger after six episodes. This ploy to keep viewers hooked interrupts the momentum that has been steadily building up. Fortunately, Search has enough reserve fuel to resume the journey."<ref>{{cite web|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title=Review: 'Search: The Naina Murder Case' is a clinical, engaging whodunit|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1087369/review-search-the-naina-murder-case-is-a-clinical-engaging-whodunit|date=10 October 2025|work=Scroll.in}}</ref>
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' commented that "The six-episode police procedural suffers from all the symptoms of the Indian Remake Syndrome."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Desai|title='Search: The Naina Murder Case' Series Review: A Crime Drama That Fails Konkona Sen Sharma|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/search-the-naina-murder-case-series-review-a-crime-drama-that-fails-konkona-sen-sharma|date=10 October 2025|work=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref>

Arkadev Ghoshal of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated it 2/5 stars and siad that "The series is a lukewarm execution. It manages to deliver a balanced narrative, with the execution partly rising beyond the average police procedural."<ref>{{cite web|first=Arkadev|last=Ghoshal|title='Search: The Naina Murder Case' series review: Middling remake of a Danish crime drama|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/search-the-naina-murder-case-series-review-middling-remake-of-a-danish-crime-drama-3760267|date=10 October 2025|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
Divya Nair of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated that "In just five tightly packed episodes, Search: The Naina Murder Case takes you through a whirlwind of theories, emotions and shocking revelations, making it a compelling Indian crime drama."<ref>{{cite web|first=Divya|last=Nair|title=Search: The Naina Murder Case Review|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/search-the-naina-murder-case-review/20251010.htm|date=10 October 2025|work=Rediff.com}}</ref>
Yatamanyu Narain of ''[[News 18]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "Search: The Naina Murder Case is gripping and intriguing in parts, enriched by strong performances and an intelligent premise, but it never quite achieves the narrative cohesion it strives for."<ref>{{cite web|first=Yetamnayu|last=Narain|title=Search The Naina Murder Case Review: Konkona Sen Sharma Leads A Gripping Yet Uneven Mystery Thriller|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/reviews/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-konkona-sen-sharma-leads-a-gripping-yet-uneven-mystery-thriller-ws-kl-9625485.html|date=10 October 2025|work=News 18}}</ref>

Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and writes in her review that "Search: The Naina Murder Case is immersive and engaging. Most importantly even though it is a series with all its twists and turns, it is crisp."<ref>{{cite web|first=Lachmi Deb|last=Roy|title=Search: The Naina Murder Case Review: Konkona Sen Sharma's strong, layered role & sharp performance will steal your heart|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-konkona-sen-sharmas-strong-layered-role-and-sharp-performance-will-steal-your-heart-13940841.html|date=10 October 2025|work=Firstpost}}</ref>
Aishwarya Vasudevan of ''[[OTT Play]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "This Indian adaptation of Nordic noir The Killing is a mixed bag. Konkona Sen Sharma is brilliant as the lead detective, but the plot is overstuffed with suspects and remains frustratingly unresolved."<ref>{{cite web|first=Aishwarya|last=Vasudevan|title=Search: The Naina Murder Case review - Konkona Sen Sharma's arresting performance is the saving grace of this flawed, inconclusive adaptation|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-konkona-sen-sharma-jiohotstar/240e11f197218|date=10 October 2025|work=OTT Play}}</ref>
Subhash K Jha of ''[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|news 24]]'' 4 stars out of 5 and writes that "The narration is pacy but never out of breath.What really elevates the show are the performances.<ref>{{cite web|first=Subhash K|last=Jha|title=Search The Naina Murder Case Review: Konkona Sen Sharma and Surya Sharma steal the show in a gripping whodunnit|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/search-the-naina-murder-case-review-konkona-sen-sharma-and-surya-sharma-steal-the-show-in-a-gripping-whod←unnit/649043/|date=10 October 2025|work=News 24}}</ref>

__TOC__
== Episodes ==

=== Series overview ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! scope="col" colspan="2" | Originally released
|-
! scope="col" | First released
! scope="col" | Network
|-
| style="background:#A92226; width:10px;" |
| [[#Season 1 (2025)|1]]
| 6
| {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
| [[JioHotstar]]
|}

=== Season 1 (2025) ===
{{Episode table
|background = #A92226
|season =
|title =
|director =
|writer =
|airdate =
|episodes =

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Season = 1
|Title = Skeletons in the Closet
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy = [[Anuya Jakatdar]], [[Girish Joshi]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
|Length = 42 mins
| = ACP Sanyukta Das, preparing to resign from the police force to salvage her failing marriage, is abruptly assigned a high-profile case. The body of a teenage girl named Naina is discovered in the trunk of a local politician's car. Sanyukta is forced to partner with Jai Kanwal, the ambitious young officer slated to replace her.
|LineColor = A92226
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Writing on the Wall
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy = Anuya Jakatdar, Girish Joshi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
|Length = 42 mins
| = Sanyukta and Jai begin interviewing Naina's peers and family, discovering that the victim led a double life. An examination of Naina's social media presence reveals cyberbullying and hidden relationships, widening the pool of potential suspects to include her classmates and teachers.
|LineColor = A92226
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Et Tu, Brute?
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy = Anuya Jakatdar, Girish Joshi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
|Length = 37 mins
| = The investigation uncovers evidence of betrayal from within Naina's inner circle. Meanwhile, the ideological and generational clash between Sanyukta's traditional policing methods and Jai's tech-heavy approach creates friction, paralleling Sanyukta's deteriorating home life.
|LineColor = A92226
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = End of the Rope
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy = Anuya Jakatdar, Girish Joshi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
|Length = 33 mins
| = A major lead points toward a politically connected businessman, triggering immense pressure from the media and internal police brass to drop the angle. With resources restricted and superiors demanding a quick resolution, the investigation hits a critical dead end.
|LineColor = A92226
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Devil in the Details
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy = Anuya Jakatdar, Girish Joshi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
|Length = 33 mins
| = Forensic analysis of a recovered hard drive provides a major breakthrough. Jai decrypts a series of hidden messages that shift the police's focus toward an overlooked family associate who had the means and motive to commit the crime.
|LineColor = A92226
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Cat and Mouse
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]

|WrittenBy = Anuya Jakatdar, Girish Joshi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10}}
|Length = 30 mins
| = Sanyukta and Jai race to apprehend the prime suspect before they can flee the city. The pursuit culminates in a standoff, but a final piece of evidence recovered at the scene reveals that the conspiracy goes much deeper than previously thought, leaving the investigation open.
|LineColor = A92226
}}
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt38509140|title=Search: The Naina Murder Case}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]

Birendranath Sircar

2026-01-24T08:16:41Z

BanglaBlog: minor expanded references per sources

{{Short description|Indian film producer (1901–1980)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = B. N. Sircar (Birendranath Sircar)
| image = Birendranath Sircar 2013 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Sircar on a 2013 stamp of India
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 5 July 1901
| birth_place = [[Bhagalpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1980|11|28|1901|7|5}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| parents = [[Nripendra Nath Sircar]] (father)
| citizenship = India
| relatives = [[Peary Charan Sarkar]] (great-grandfather)
| education = [[University of London]]
| occupation = [[film producer]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1972) [[Dada Saheb Phalke Award]] (1970)
| years_active =
}}

'''Birendranath Sircar''' (also '''Sarkar'''; 5 July 1901 – 28 November 1980) was an Indian [[film producer]] and the founder of [[New Theatres Calcutta]]. He made [[Bengali language|Bengali-language]] films that were noted for introducing many film directors who later became famous. He was awarded the [[Dada Saheb Phalke Award]] in 1970 and the third highest civilian award in India, the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1972.<ref name=Cine>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemanthan.info/index.php/2011/03/bnsircar/ |title=B.N. Sircar : भारतीय सिनेमा के विकास की नींव के एक निर्माता {{!}} Cine Manthan |access-date=8 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416023142/http://www.cinemanthan.info/index.php/2011/03/bnsircar/ |archive-date=16 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early life==
B. N. Sircar was born in [[Bhagalpur]] to the then [[Advocate-General of Bengal]], [[Nripendra Nath Sircar|Sir Nripendra Nath Sircar]]. He was the grandson of Nagendra Nath Sircar, and great-grandson of [[Peary Charan Sarkar]], the principal of [[Hare School]], Calcutta. After completing his study at [[Hindu School, Kolkata]], he studied Engineering at the [[University of London]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Engineering's loss, cinema's gain: BN Sircar and his New Theatres |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/engineerings-loss-cinemas-gain-bn-sircar-and-his-new-threatres/cid/2060084 |first=Trinanjan |last=Chakraborty |date=2024-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210083856/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/engineerings-loss-cinemas-gain-bn-sircar-and-his-new-threatres/cid/2060084 |archive-date=2024-12-10 |access-date=2025-01-09 |newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Kolkata |language=en}}</ref> and on returning to India he was asked to build a cinema. The project caused him to develop a keen interest in film and he proceeded to build a cinema for the screening of Bengali-language films. Called Chitra, this was opened in Calcutta by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] on 30 December 1930 and was followed by the construction of New Cinema, which showed Hindi films.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Gulzar|editor1-link=Gulzar|editor2-last=Nihalani|editor2-first=Govind|editor2-link=Govind Nihalani|editor3-last=Chatterjee|editor3-first=Saibal|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|page=632}}</ref> He then decided to involve himself in making of two silent films.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

==Career==
On 10 February 1931,{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} he founded [[New Theatres Calcutta]]. He was the President of the [[Diptendu Pramanick#Career|BMPA]] in the late 1940s<ref name=Cine/><ref>Bagiswar Jha : B.N. Sircar : A monograph; Seagull Books, Calcutta (1990)</ref>

==Filmography==
Sircar's films include:<ref>{{cite book|last=Sur|first=Ansu|title=[[Bengali film directory]]|editor=Ansu Sur|publisher=Nandan, Calcutta|year=1999|page=319}}</ref><ref name=Mukherjee>{{cite web|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Partha, Priyanka|title=New Awakening|url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=18495&index1=1|website=harmonyindia.org|publisher=harmonyindia.org|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120750/http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=18495&index1=1|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=34em}}
* ''[[Dena Paona(Film)|Dena Paona]]'' (Released 30 December 1931) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Natir Puja]]'' (Released 22 March 1932)
* ''[[Punarjanma (1932 film)|Punarjanma]]'' (Released 2 April 1932) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Mohabbat Ke Ansu]]'' Urdu, (Released 1932) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Zinda Lash (1932 film)|Zinda Lash]]'' Urdu, (Released 1932) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Chirakumar Sabha]]'' (Released 28 May 1932) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Pallisamaj]]'' (Released 1 July 1932) – Directed by [[Sisir Bhaduri]]
* ''[[Chandidas (film)|Chandidas]]'' (Released 24 September 1932) – Directed by [[Debaki Bose]]
* ''[[Kapalkundala (1933 film)|Kapalkundala]]'' (Released 20 May 1933) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Mastuto Bhai]] (short)'' (Released 20 May 1933) – Directed by [[Dhirendranath Gangopadhyay]]
* ''[[Sita (bangla film)|Sita]]'' (Released 26 October 1933) – Directed by [[Sisir Bhaduri]]
* ''[[Mirabai (bangla film)|Mirabai]]'' (Released 11 November 1933) – Directed by [[Debaki Bose]]
* ''[[Excuse Me Sir]] (short)'' (Released 30 March 1934) – Directed by [[Dhirendranath Gangopadhyay]]
* ''[[Ruplekha (film)|Ruplekha]]'' (Released 14 April 1934) – Directed by [[P.C. Barua]]
* ''[[P.Brothers]] (Cartoon)'' (Released 23 June 1934) – Directed by [[Raichand Boral]]
* ''[[Mahua (bangla film)|Mahua]]'' (Released 31 August 1934) – Directed by Hiren Bose
* ''[[Devdas (1935 film)|Devdas]]'' (Released 30 March 1935) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Abaseshe]] (short)'' (Released 24 August 1935) – Directed by Dineshranjan Das
* ''[[Bhagyachakra]]'' (Released 3 October 1935) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Grihadaha]]'' (Released 10 October 1936) – Directed by [[P.C. Barua]]
* ''[[Mando Ki]] (short)'' (Released 21 October 1936) – Directed by [[Tulsi Lahiri]]
* ''[[Maya (1936 film)|Maya]]'' (Released 23 December 1936) – Directed by [[P.C. Barua]]
* ''[[Didi (1937 film)|Didi]]'' (Released 3 April 1937) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Mukti (1937 film)|Mukti]]'' (Released 18 September 1937) – Directed by [[P.C. Barua]]
* ''[[Arghya]] (short)'' (Released 25 September 1937)
* ''[[Bidyapati]]'' (Released 2 April 1938) – Directed by [[Debaki Bose]]
* ''[[Abhignan]]'' (Released 11 June 1938) – Directed by [[Prafulla Ray]]
* ''[[Desher mati]]'' (Released 17 August 1938) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Achinpriya]]'' (Released 29 October 1938) – Directed by [[Dhirendranath Gangopadhyay]]
* ''[[Sathi (1938 film)|Sathi]]'' (Released 3 December 1938) – Directed by [[Phani Majumdar]]
* ''[[Adhikar (1939 film)|Adhikar]]'' (Released 12 January 1939) – Directed by [[P.C. Barua]]
* ''[[Baradidi]]'' (Released 7 April 1939) – Directed by Amar Mullik
* ''[[Sapure]]'' (Released 27 May 1939) – Directed by [[Debaki Bose]]
* ''[[Rajat Jayanti]]'' (Released 12 August 1939) – Directed by [[P.C. Barua]]
* ''[[Jiban Maran]]'' (Released 14 October 1939) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Parajoy]]'' (Released 22 March 1940) – Directed by Hemchandra Chandra
* ''[[Daktar (film)|Daktar]]'' (Released 31 August 1940) – Directed by [[Phani Majumdar]]
* ''[[Abhinetri (1940 film)|Abhinetri]]'' (Released 30 November 1940) – Directed by Amar Mullik
* ''[[Nartaki (1941 film)|Nartaki]]'' (Released 18 January 1941) – Directed by [[Debaki Bose]]
* ''[[Parichoy]]'' (Released 25 April 1941) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Pratishruti]]'' (Released 14 August 1941) – Directed by Hemchandra Chandra
* ''[[Shodhbodh]]'' (Released 28 March 1942) – Directed by Soumen Mukhopadhyay
* ''[[Minakshi (1942 film)|Minakshi]]'' (Released 12 June 1942) – Directed by Madhu Bose
* ''[[Priyo Bandhabi]]'' (Released 23 January 1943) – Directed by Soumen Mukhopadhyay
* ''[[Kashinath (1943 film)|Kashinath]]'' (Released 2 April 1943) – Directed by [[Nitin Bose]]
* ''[[Dikshul]]'' (Released 12 June 1943) – Directed by [[Premankur Atarthi]]
* ''[[Udayer Pathey]]'' (Released 1 September 1944) – Directed by [[Bimal Roy]]
* ''[[Dui Purush (1945 film)|Dui Purush]]'' (Released 30 August 1945) – Directed by Subodh Mitra
* ''[[Biraj Bou]]'' (Released 5 July 1946) – Directed by Amar Mullik
* ''[[Nurse Sisi]]'' (Released 27 April 1947) – Directed by Subodh Mitra
* ''[[Ramer Sumati]]'' (Released 24 December 1947) – Directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay
* ''[[Pratibad (1948 film)|Pratibad]]'' (Released 19 June 1948) – Directed by Hemchandra Chandra
* ''[[Anjangarh]]'' (Released 24 September 1948) – Directed by [[Bimal Roy]]
* ''[[Mantramugdha]]'' (Released 14 January 1949) – Directed by [[Bimal Roy]]
* ''[[Bishnupriya]]'' (Released 7 October 1949) – Directed by Hemchandra Chandra
* ''[[Rupkatha (film)|Rupkatha]]'' (Released 13 October 1950) – Directed by Soren Sen
* ''[[Ami Aadu|Aadur Prem]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NEW THEATRES is Back with ADUR PREM Bengali Movie {{!}} CalcuttaTube |first=Shoma A. |last=Chatterji |url=http://calcuttatube.com/the-new-theatres-is-back-with-adur-prem-46847/46847/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227145904/http://calcuttatube.com/the-new-theatres-is-back-with-adur-prem-46847/46847/ |archive-date=2011-02-27 |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=calcuttatube.com |language=en-US}}</ref> 2011 – Directed by Somnath Gupta
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Cinema of India]]
* B.N. Sircar : भारतीय सिनेमा के विकास की बुनियाद के एक सर्जक<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinemanthan.com/2013/10/04/bnsircar/|title=B.N. Sircar : भारतीय सिनेमा के विकास की बुनियाद के एक सर्जक|date=4 October 2013|accessdate=24 January 2026}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071216181737/http://www.kundanlalsaigal.com/ www.kundanlalsaigal.com – Comprehensive Resource Website, offering preview of all his songs.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190508142530/http://pankajmullick.com/ www.pankajmullick.com – Comprehensive Resource Website, offering preview of his songs.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702031948/http://www.krishnachandradey.com/ www.krishnachandradey.com – Comprehensive Resource Website, offering preview of his songs.]
*[http://www.kanandevi.com www.kanandevi.com]
* {{IMDb name|0086351}}
* [http://members.tripod.com/oldies_club/new_theatres_calcutta.htm Musicians]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204210951/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/cinema/cinema.shtml A short history] of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090530020703/http://www.ultraindia.com/movies/awards/bnsin.htm A Biography of B N Sircar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212014/http://www.cssaame.com/issues/23/variorum.pdf An article on New Theatres by Sharmistha Gooptu]

{{Dadasaheb Phalke Award}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sircar, B. N.}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]

Oi Nitom

2026-01-18T11:30:36Z

BanglaBlog:

'''''Oi Nitom''''' ([[Mising language|Mising]]: ''Oi: Nitom''; [[Assamese language|Assamese]]: ''ঐনিতম'') is a traditional [[music]] form of the [[Mising people|Mising community]] of Assam. The Mising tribes consider this type of song as a folk song.

== Characterization ==
Oi Nitom can be characterized as songs of love.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Kuli|first=|title=Folk Literature of the Mishing|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|page=87}}</ref> The term ''Oi Nitom'' literally means "song of the dear one" in the [[Mising language]].<ref>[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/28094/11/11_chapter%202.pdf Page No. 67]</ref> They are then in some ways similar to [[Bihu dance|Bihu]] with natural lyricism and picturesque imagery.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/144739/10/10_chapter%204.pdf|title=Info|website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|format=PDF}}</ref>

An example:<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mising Folk Song|last=Dutta|first=Birendranath|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|page=148}}</ref><blockquote>''Longé: miksi dínamdém''

''Apongépé tí:langka''

''Yumé miksi dénamdém''

''Kerasinpé romlangka''</blockquote>

== In the Mishing community ==
The Mising people have several forms of [[Folk music|folk songs]], such as Abang, Kabang, Birig, Lupo and Oi Nitom.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Padun|first=Nahendra|title=Mising Loko Geet|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|page=47}}</ref> However, the form of Oi Nitom has gained exceptional prominence and attention compared to other forms of Mising folk music.<ref name=":0" />

Another way of classifying Mising folk songs is as Religious Abang, Oi Nitom, Kaban, Ko-ni-nam and Moman, where Oi Nitoms are songs of love, Kaban are songs of lamentation and Ko-ni-nam are lullabies.<ref name=":1" /> Oi Nitom has slowly replaced Kaban, which used to be the prominent form of folk music among the Mising.<ref name=":0" />

The Mising people dance to the tune of Oi Nitom in festivals like Ali Aye Ligang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1809_PART_B_DCHB_DHEMAJI.pdf|title=Census data|date=2011|website=censusindia.gov.in|format=PDF}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Music of Assam]]
[[Category:Mising people]]

S. Nadarajah

2026-01-17T17:03:22Z

BanglaBlog: minor add article after review and improved wording

{{Short description|Sri Lankan politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = S. Nadarajah
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|honorific-suffix =
|image =
|imagesize =
|office1 = Member of the [[Senate of Ceylon]]
|term_start1 = 1965
|term_end1 = 1971
|predecessor1 =
|successor1 =
|office2 = Chairman, Jaffna District Development Council
|term_start2 = 1981
|term_end2 = 1983
|predecessor2 =
|successor2 =
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{Death date|1988|02|12|df=yes}}
|death_place =
|citizenship =
|nationality =
|party = [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress]]
|otherparty = [[Tamil United Liberation Front]]
|spouse =
|partner =
|relations =
|children =
|residence =
|alma_mater =
|occupation =
|profession = Lawyer
|religion =
|website =
|footnotes =
|blank1 = Ethnicity
|data1 = [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]
}}
'''Subramaniam Nadarajah''' (died in 1988) was a [[Sri Lankan Tamil]] lawyer, politician and member of the [[Senate of Ceylon]].

Known as "Pottar" Nadarajah, he was one of the pioneers of [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress]].<ref name=TT0388>{{cite journal|title=Ex-Senator Killed|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=March 1988|volume=VII|issue=4|page=4|url=http://noolaham.net/project/34/3308/3308.pdf|issn=0266-4488}}</ref> He was one of the organisers of the 1961 [[satyagraha]] led by the [[Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi]] (Federal Party).<ref>{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=Satyagraha receives "Baptism of fire" on first day|url=http://print2.dailymirror.lk/opinion1/37453-satyagraha-receives-baptism-of-fire-.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)]]|date=7 March 2011|author-link=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713152304/http://print2.dailymirror.lk/opinion1/37453-satyagraha-receives-baptism-of-fire-.html|archive-date=13 July 2013}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Senate of Ceylon]] from 1965 to 1971.<ref name=TT0388/>

In 1981 Nadarajah became the first and only chairman of the Jaffna District Development Council.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vivekananthan|first=C. V.|title=Sir Pon. Ramanathan was the foster parent of the Sinhalese: Will there ever be a Sinhala Leader a foster parent of the Tamils?|url=http://www.island.lk/2010/04/25/features8.html|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=25 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sivathasan|first=S.|title=Jaffna Development Council Election 1981|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2013/05/05/jaffna-development-council-election-1981/|newspaper=[[The Sunday Leader]]|date=5 May 2013}}</ref> He resigned in 1983, stating that he didn't even have the power to "purchase table and chairs" for the council.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vivekananthan|first=C. V.|title=Was it the Sinhala leaders who pushed Tamils to call for Eelam|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/030209/columns/cv.html|newspaper=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=9 February 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nesiah|first=Devanesan|title=Towards healing and reconciliation|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/10/06/fea01.html|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)]]|date=6 October 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407151133/http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/10/06/fea01.html|archive-date=7 April 2005}}</ref>

Nadarajah was shot dead on 12 February 1988, aged 72.<ref name=TT0388/> It's alleged that he was [[List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War|assassinated]] by the [[Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups|rebel]] [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] for associating with the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]].<ref name=TT0388/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadarajah, S.}}
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:All Ceylon Tamil Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]
[[Category:People from Northern Province, Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:People killed during the Sri Lankan civil war]]
[[Category:People from British Ceylon]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan lawyers]]
[[Category:Tamil United Liberation Front politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
[[Category:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 1988]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil politicians]]

{{SriLanka-politician-stub}}

India–United States espionage on Nanda Devi

2026-01-11T13:07:28Z

BanglaBlog: made new bio...

{{short description|Failed CIA mission}}
{{Infobox operational plan
| name = India–United States espionage on Nanda Devi
| image = Nanda Devi Peak in blue sky.jpg
| caption =
| scope =
| type = Spy mission
| location = [[Nanda Devi]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| planned = 1965
| planned_by = [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]
| commanded_by =
| target =
| date = October 1965
| time =
| time-begin =
| time-end =
| timezone =
| executed_by = [[Central Intelligence Agency]]
| outcome = Mission failed Plutonium generator lost
| casualties =
| fatalities =
| injuries =
| campaignbox =
}}

'''India–United States espionage on Nanda Devi''' was a series of attempts by the United States [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) and the Indian [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB) to spy on [[ballistic missile]] testing being conducted at [[Lop Nur]] in [[Xinjiang]], [[China]]. The agencies cooperated in October 1965 in a failed attempt to install a [[SNAP-19C]] [[plutonium-238]] [[radioisotope thermoelectric generator]]-powered (RTG-powered) [[remote sensing]] station on the peak of [[Nanda Devi]] in the [[Garhwal Himalayas]] to gather [[signals intelligence]] via [[telemetry]] from missiles during their tests.

The mission was aborted during a strong [[blizzard]], and the generator was lost. Three recovery attempts failed, leading to fears of [[radioactive contamination]] of the [[Ganges]] or repurposing for a [[dirty bomb]]. Another CIA RTG-powered mountaintop device installed from spring 1967 to 1968 melted down into the ice, blocking its signal-gathering. A third device was successful from 1973 but quickly made obsolete by [[reconnaissance satellite]]s.<ref name="wired3">{{Cite magazine |last=Beckhusen |first=Robert |date=29 April 2013 |title=Inside the CIA Mission to Haul Plutonium Up the Himalayas |url=https://www.wired.com/2013/04/cia-himalayan-spies/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name="nytimes-2025" />

== The mission==

In 1965, the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] and the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] were worried about the development of [[Nuclear weapons of China|China's nuclear weapons program]]. The [[Vietnam War]] was ramping up and the United States had no intelligence data to counter any Chinese threat. The Chinese were conducting nuclear tests in secretive facilities,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-03|title=How Did India Lose A Nuclear Device On A Glacier? Here's The Nanda Devi Conspiracy|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/253759/nanda-devi-nuclear-device-expedition-captain-manmohan-singh-kohli-central-intelligence-agency-america-intelligence-bureau-india-secret-government-mission-raini-uttarakhand-glacier-burst-history-myster/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=The Better India|language=en}}</ref> most prominently the [[Lop Nur]] site in eastern [[Xinjiang]], across the [[Tibetan Plateau]] from the Indian border.<ref name="nytimes-2025">{{cite news |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey |author-link=Jeffrey Gettleman |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |last3=Chang |first3=Agnes |last4=Robles |first4=Pablo |date=13 December 2025 |title=How Did the C.I.A. Lose a Nuclear Device? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/12/13/world/asia/cia-nuclear-device-himalayas-nanda-devi.html |access-date=15 December 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

Two years prior, a top US air force officer led a successful expedition to the summit of [[Mount Everest]]. He suggested that the Pentagon should recruit the hardy [[Sherpa people|Sherpas]] to install a remote sensing station on the summit. But this idea ran into some problem as [[Mount Everest]] also bordered China. The plan then shifted to placing the equipment on [[Kanchenjunga|Mount Kanchenjunga]], but left both IB and CIA Agents unsatisfied with the higher altitude and execution strategy.<ref name="nytimes-2025" /> After consultations with the Indian authorities, the Pentagon arrived at a plan to install a [[remote sensing]] station on the summit of [[Nanda Devi]] within Indian territory at an altitude of {{convert|25,645|ft|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Devidayal |first=Namita |date=Aug 9, 2018 |title='CIA kept changing story on losing the nuclear device in Nanda Devi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cia-kept-changing-story-on-losing-the-nuclear-device-in-nanda-devi/articleshow/65330504.cms |access-date=2021-11-05 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

The members of the CIA / [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Indian Intelligence Bureau]] mission were tasked with installing an 8–10 feet high antenna, two transceiver sets, and a [[Plutonium-238|plutonium-238]]–powered [[Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power#SNAP-19|SNAP-19C]] [[Radioisotope thermoelectric generator|radioisotope thermoelectric generator]] and its seven plutonium capsules.<ref name=livemint/>

==Team members==
[[Mohan Singh Kohli|Manmohan Singh Kohli]] was the team leader. He recruited the Indian mountaineers for the mission, including several from the successful [[1965 Indian Everest Expedition]] which he had led just a few months earlier: [[Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)|Sonam Gyatso]], [[Harish Chandra Singh Rawat|Harish Rawat]], [[Sonam Wangyal]], Gurcharan Singh Bhangu, all officers in the [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]], and the Sherpa [[Phu Dorjee Sherpa]]. About fourteen other sherpas were recruited, including [[Pasang Dawa Lama]]; several were 'later absorbed in Indian para-military organisations'.<ref name=Kohli>{{Cite book|title=Sherpas, the Himalayan legends: including the untold story of Phu Dorje, the first Nepalese to climb Sagarmatha| page =51-64 |author=Kohli, M. S.|date=2003|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|isbn=8174764496|location=New Delhi|oclc=52929286 | url=https://archive.org/details/sherpashimalayan0000kohl | access-date = 10 July 2025}}</ref>

[[Barry Bishop (mountaineer)|Barry Bishop]] recruited the American mountaineers who joined the team on Nanda Devi or Nanda Kot.<ref name=Isserman/> Several of them had been members of the [[1963 American Mount Everest expedition]] along with Bishop: [[Lute Jerstad]], [[Barry Prather]], [[Barry Corbet]] and Dave Dingman; the other three were [[Tom Frost]], Robert Schaller and Sandy Bill. Bishop himself was not part of the team on the mountain,<ref name=Isserman/><ref name=Kohli/> having lost his toes to frostbite on Mount Everest,<ref name="nytimes-2025" /> but he was one of the people who met the Indian team when they travelled to the US for training on [[Denali]] in summer 1965.<ref name=river>{{cite web |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/Story.aspx?Storyid=628&StoryStyle=FullStory |title=River Deep Mountain High |access-date=2010-12-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130170605/http://caravanmagazine.in/Story.aspx?Storyid=628&StoryStyle=FullStory |archive-date=30 November 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=IPJ>{{ cite magazine | first = M.S. | last = Kohli |title = Scaling Himalayan Heights with the Intelligence Bureau |magazine = The Indian Police Journal | page=61-67 | date= December 2012 | url = https://bprd.nic.in/uploads/pdf/1601846638-October%20December%202012.pdf#page=78 }} see 'World's Highest Intelligence Operation', pages 64-66 </ref>

==Initial timeline==
In July 1965, Kohli and the team members from India flew to the US to undertake training and familiarisation on [[Denali]].<ref name=IPJ/> They returned to India in August, and by mid-September 1965 they were at the base-camp on Nanda Devi with the American climbers Lute Jerstad, Tom Frost and Sandy Bill (Schaller had to pull out due to an injury).<ref name=IPJ/><ref name=Isserman/> The team was flown by helicopter to the Himalayas in September, with both US agents and IB Sherpas who were not acclimatized to the cold air and high altitude.<ref name="nytimes-2025" /> A series of camps were established and stocked in the face of changeable weather. The plan was for a team of Sherpas to deliver the cargo to the summit from the fourth camp, they would then return and a second team, with two Indian and two American climbers, would ascend to the summit and assemble the device.<ref name=river/> It was 300 metres from the fourth camp to the summit. When the mission reached camp IV, a blizzard hit, and on 16 October 1965 Kohli decided the team should turn back, abandoning the generator.<ref name="nytimes-2025" /><ref name=IPJ/> The device was hooked in a crevice and anchored, and the climbers headed back to the base. No more progress was possible that season.<ref name="livemint">{{Cite web |last=Bag |first=Shamik |date=2015-04-18 |title=The Nanda Devi mystery |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3QfYqLadggrbnrn41H0mAJ/The-Nanda-Devi-mystery.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |date=2021-02-26 |title=In 1965, the CIA Lost Plutonium in the Himalayas, and Indian Villagers Think It Caused Deadly Floods |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a35619744/in-1965-the-cia-lost-plutonium-in-the-himalayas-did-it-just-cause-deadly-floods/ |access-date=2021-11-07 |website=[[Popular Mechanics]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Follow up on Nanda Devi==
In the spring of May 1966, a follow-up Indian expedition was sent to Camp IV to recover the device and its plutonium capsules. The expedition failed to find any signs of the generator and its capsules.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Borders |first=William |date=1978-04-18 |title=Desai Says U.S.-Indian Team Lost Atomic Spy Gear' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/18/archives/desai-says-usindian-team-lost-atomic-spy-gear-no-comment-from-us.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Later, an American team of mountaineers (Frost, Dingman and Schaller)<ref name=Isserman/> joined those attempting to recover the device. One of the members of the team, Dingman,<ref name="Isserman">{{cite book |last1=Isserman |first1=Maurice |url=https://archive.org/details/fallengiantshist00isse/mode/2up?q=%22en+norbu%22 |title=Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes |last2=Weaver |first2=Stewart |date=2008 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9780300164206 |pages=378–380 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> said that they had scanned the area of Nanda Devi with [[Neutron detection|neutron detectors]] but no evidence of plutonium was found. The team concluded that the device and its capsules were carried downhill by a [[landslide]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hada |first=Ranvijay Singh |date=2020-09-17 |title=Nanda Devi's Nuclear Secret and a Botched CIA Operation |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/cover-story/nanda-devi-nuclear-device |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=PeepulTree |language=en}}</ref> It has also been claimed that the heat emitted from the generator may have melted the surrounding ice, burying it deeper into the glaciers near the mountain.<ref name="nytimes-2025" />

Two ascents of Nanda Devi were made during the search operation. On 8 June, Gurcharan Bhangu reached the summit with Sherpa Tashi and on 20 August Rob Schaller made a solo ascent of the peak.<ref name=IPJ/><ref name=Isserman/>

==Nanda Kot==
In the light of the problems which had arisen when attempting to install the equipment on Nanda Devi, an alternative plan was devised which involved placing a device on the nearby [[Nanda Kot]].<ref name=IPJ/> In 1967 the Americans Frost, Prather, Schaller, Corbet and Curry, working with an Indian team comprising Wangyal, Rawat and Bhangu, installed a nuclear-powered signal device about 500 feet from the summit, at c. {{convert|22000|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=IPJ/> The device worked for a few months and confirmed that the Chinese did not, at that time, possess a long-range nuclear bomb.<ref name="wired3" />

After the device on Nanda Kot failed, a small team under Rawat was sent to Nanda Kot in the summer of 1968 to retrieve the sensor equipment. When they reached the site there was no sign of the equipment so they dug a few feet and discovered a semi-spherical cave with the hot generator at the centre. The heat from the generator had melted the snow up to eight feet in all directions.<ref name=IPJ/>

==Political exposure of the mission==
The mission was first publicly exposed in an April 1978 article in ''[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]]'' magazine written by Howard Kohn.<ref name="nytimes-2025" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Toole |first1=Thomas |author-link=Thomas O'Toole |date=12 April 1978 |title=CIA Put Nuclear Spy Devices in Himalayas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/04/13/cia-put-nuclear-spy-devices-in-himalayas/61cf72f2-dfdc-4586-a695-11a6d823a097/ |access-date=16 December 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In April of that year, questions were asked in [[United States House of Representatives|Congress]].<ref name=Congress>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP81M00980R001200070033-6.pdf | access-date = 16 July 2025 | date = 12 April 1978 | website = CIA Reading Room | title = Letter to the President from Richard L. Ottinger }}</ref>{{Original research inline|date=December 2025}} Less than a week later Indian parliamentarians raised the matter in the [[Lok Sabha|Indian Parliament]] forcing Prime Minister [[Morarji Desai]] to provide a formal account of the affair.<ref name=LokS>{{cite web | url = https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/808943/1/pms_md_06_04_17-04-1978.pdf | access-date = 16 July 2025 | date = 17 April 1978 | website = Parliament of India Lok Sabha Digital Library | title = Prime Minister Morarji Ranchhodji Desai: On Reported Planting of a Nuclear Device by the CIA in the Nanda Devi }}</ref>

Desai appointed a scientific committee to "study and assess the problem with the help of all possible expert advice, to recommend such further action as may be considered necessary to safeguard against future hazards to the environment and to the people".<ref name=LokS/> This committee, chaired by [[Atma Ram (scientist)|Atma Ram]], delivered its final report in 1978; its principal recommendations were periodic monitoring of the environment near Nanda Devi to detect any radioactive radiation in the air, water and soil, and the development of new techniques for locating the device.<ref name=river/>

==Claims and beliefs==
Broughton Coburn, author of the book ''The Vast Unknown: America's First Ascent of Everest'', claims that the Indian intelligence had secretly hiked up there before that spring mission and retrieved the device, presumably in order to study it and possibly gather the plutonium.<ref>{{Cite book |year=2013 |last=Coburn |first=Broughton |title=The Vast Unknown: America's first ascent of Everest |publisher=Crown Publishers|isbn=978-0-307-88716-0|oclc=843125877}}</ref>

The local inhabitants of the region claim that due to the presence of the nuclear capsule there has been an increased number of floods and [[ice calving]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-20 |title=Did nuclear spy devices in the Himalayas trigger India floods? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56102459 |access-date=2021-11-05 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=ThePrint |date=2021-02-16 |title=How Chamoli flood brings back focus on nuclear device IB-CIA operation lost at Nanda Devi |url=https://theprint.in/india/how-chamoli-flood-brings-back-focus-on-nuclear-device-ib-cia-operation-lost-at-nanda-devi/605827/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Residents and local leaders have also questioned whether the lost generator could be contaminating the headwaters of the [[Ganges River]] with radiation.<ref name="nytimes-2025" />

==References==

<references />

[[Category:Central Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India)]]
[[Category:Indian intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Sacred mountains of India]]
[[Category:Mountains of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Geography of Chamoli district]]
[[Category:Highest points of Indian states and union territories]]
[[Category:Seven-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]

Nayak (2001 Assamese film)

2025-12-29T04:59:04Z

BanglaBlog: added structure as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{About|Assamese film|the Hindi film|Nayak (2001 Hindi film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nayak
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Munin Barua]]
| producer = [[Merry Laskar]] (Pooja Motion Pictures)
| writer =
| screenplay = Munin Barua
| narrator =
| starring = [[Jatin Bora]] [[Zerifa Wahid]] [[Ravi Sarma]] [[Parineeta Borthakur (actress)|Parineeta Borthakur]]
| music = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| cinematography = [[Mrinal Kanti Das (cinematographer)|Mrinal Kanti Das]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2001|11|30|df=yes}}
| runtime = 185 mins (Extended Uncut release) 183 mins (Theatrical release) 170 min (DVD release)
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Nayak''''' is a 2001 Indian [[Assamese language|Assamese]] [[romantic drama]] movie directed by [[Munin Barua]] and produced under the banner of Pooja Motion Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/munin-barua-dead-5127361/|title=National Award winning Assamese filmmaker Munin Barua dies at 72|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Music was composed by [[Zubeen Garg]]. The film was released on 30 November 2001.<ref name="film list">{{cite web |url=http://www.rupaliparda.com/english/film_list.htm |title=List of Films from the Year 2000 |date=23 September 2016|publisher=rupaliparda.com|accessdate=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="released assamese films">{{cite web |url=http://www.enajori.com/?page_id=589|title=Released Assamese Feature Films |date=23 September 2016|publisher=enajori.com|accessdate=23 September 2016}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Jatin Bora]] as Abinash Choudhary
*[[Ravi Sarma]] as Anupam
*[[Zerifa Wahid]] as Borosha
*[[Parineeta Borthakur (actress)|Parineeta Borthakur]] as Jonali
*Hiranya Das as Hemanta Saikia
* Purabi Sarma
* [[Jayanta Das]]
* Rina Bora
* Rajib Goswami
* Arun Hazarika
* [[Indra Bania]] (guest appearance)

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nayak
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt = Nayak Audio CD cover
| released = 21 June 2001
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| label = Pooja Motion Pictures NK Production Wave Music
| producer = Merry Laskar
| prev_title = '''Sesh Upahar'''
| prev_year = 2000
| next_title = '''[[Prem Aru Prem]]'''
| next_year = 2001
}}

The music of ''Nayak'' was composed by [[Zubeen Garg]]. Lyrics were penned by Hemanta Dutta, Zubeen Garg and Diganta Kalita. The singers who lent their voices in this film are Zubeen Garg, [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]], Shashwati Phukan, [[Arnab Chakrabarty]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] and Pamela Jain. The album contains 7 tracks and all were superhit. The song "Lahe Lahe" was later reused as "Shure Shure Gaan Holo" in [[Shudhu Tumi]] (2004).

{{track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Motoliya Botahe
| extra1 = [[Zubeen Garg]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
| lyrics1 = [[Hemanta Dutta]]
| length1 = 5:14
| title2 = Lahe Lahe
| extra2 = [[Zubeen Garg]], Shashwati Phukan
| lyrics2 = [[Diganta Bharati]]
| length2 = 5:00
| title3 = Monote Nu Aaji
| extra3 = [[Zubeen Garg]], [[Arnab Chakrabarty]]
| lyrics3 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| length3 = 4:34
| title4 = Kinu Khuria
| extra4 = [[Zubeen Garg]], [[Pamela Jain]]
| lyrics4 = [[Hemanta Dutta]]
| length4 = 4:50
| title5 = Nayak Hobo Khuji
| extra5 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| lyrics5 = [[Hemanta Dutta]]
| length5 = 5:44
| title6 = Mon Gahanat
| extra6 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Pamela Jain]], [[Zubeen Garg]]
| lyrics6 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| length6 = 5:39
| title7 = (Theme) Nayak
| extra7 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| lyrics7 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| length7 = 2:55
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt8188914}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Assam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Shillong]]
[[Category:Films directed by Munin Barua]]
[[Category:2000s Assamese-language films]]

{{Assamese-film-stub}}

Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce

2025-12-24T12:30:05Z

BanglaBlog:

{{Short description|College of the University of Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2017}}
{{Cleanup higher education|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox university|
| name = Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce|
| established = 1984|
| motto = {{langx|pa| ਮਾਨਸ਼ ਕੀ ਜਾਤਿ ਸਬੈ ਏਕੈ ਪਹਿਚਾਨਬੋ}}
| mottoeng = ''Behold All Human Race As One''|
| image_name = The_Official_Seal_of_SGGSCC.png|
| image_size =
| caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the College
| type = College|
| principal = Dr. J. B. Singh|
| affiliations = [[University of Delhi]]
| city = [[Pitam Pura]], [[New Delhi]]|
| country = [[India]]|
| coor = {{Coord|28.69832|77.15265|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| nickname = ''GGS, SGGS, SGGSCC''
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] ~{{convert|10.7|acre|m2}}
| website = [http://www.sggscc.ac.in/ www.sggscc.ac.in]
|mapframe-zoom= 16
}}

'''Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce''', often referred to by its initials '''SGGSCC''', is a constituent college of the [[University of Delhi]] located in [[Delhi]], [[India]]. It was founded in 1984 and is named after the [[Guru Gobind Singh|tenth]] [[Sikhism|Sikh]] [[Guru]], Sri [[Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji. It is the second college of commerce of the University of Delhi and is primarily a co-educational English medium institution. In the year 2022, the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] accredited it with a CGPA of 3.54 and a [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] A++ grade. It is also ranked 47th among colleges across India by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] in 2023.

The college runs [[undergraduate]] and [[post-graduate]] [[academic degree|degree]]s in commerce fields. One of its flagship programmes is its B.A.(Honours) [[Business Economics]] programme.

As of the latest records, the college has a total student strength of about 2200 and teaching faculty comprising 70 teachers. The Principal is Dr J.B. Singh and the staff are mostly alumni of Delhi University.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

== History ==
Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce was founded in 1984 as the second Commerce College of the [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]]. Strategically located near the [[Pitampura TV Tower]], the college is managed by [[Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee]], a statutory body, constituted under an [[Act of the parliament of india|Act of Parliament]]. The college is named after the tenth [[Sikh gurus|Sikh Guru]], Sri Guru [[Guru Gobind Singh|Gobind Singh]] Ji.

== Courses and departments ==
The institute offers courses in the [[commerce]] and [[economics]] streams. The graduate programs offered are:
* [[Bachelor of Commerce]] with Honours
* [[Bachelor of Arts]] with [[Economics|Honours in Economics]]
* [[Bachelor of Commerce]]
* [[Bachelor of Science]] with Honours in [[Computer science|Computer Science]]
* Diploma in Business Journalism and Corporate Communication or (D.B.J.C.C)
* Post Graduate Diploma in International Marketing or (P.G.D.I.M)
* Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Business Economics or (B.B.E.)
* Bachelor in Management Studies or (B.M.S.)

BMS is the newest among courses offered by the college, having been rolled out in 2017-18.<ref>{{cite web |title=SGGSCC official website |url=https://www.sggscc.ac.in/academics/ug |website=SGGS official website}}</ref>

==Notable Alumnis==
* Akshay Chaturvedi, Founder and CEO of Leverage Education
* Aman Chopra, News Journalist, News18
* [[Puneet Beniwal]], Model
* [[Ritvik Arora]], Actor
* [[Ankit Bathla]], Actor
* [[Yukti Thareja]], Actress and model
* [[Karan Oberoi (model)|Karan Oberoi]], Model

==College rankings==
As per [[India Today]] - Nielsen 2016 College Rankings for Commerce courses, SGGSCC came in at rank 19 in a survey that consisted of more than 100 top colleges of India. It also stands 8th in Delhi University for all courses as {{Infobox India university ranking|NIRF_C_2024=39|type=University}}per Nielson survey 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2015/readyrecnor_directory_list.jsp?Y=2015&ST=Commerce|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620155434/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2015/readyrecnor_directory_list.jsp?Y=2015&ST=Commerce|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 June 2015|title=DIRECTORY OF BEST COLLEGES 2015: COMMERCE | IndiaToday}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2013/readyrecnor_directory_list.jsp?Y=2013&ST=Commerce|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616180035/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2013/readyrecnor_directory_list.jsp?Y=2013&ST=Commerce|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013|title=DIRECTORY OF BEST COLLEGES 2013: COMMERCE | IndiaToday}}</ref>"DUADMISSIONS.CO" has ranked the college 5th for commerce courses.

The college is ranked 39th among colleges in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.sggscc.ac.in/ Sri Guru Gobind Singh College Of Commerce]

{{University of Delhi}}

[[Category:Delhi University]]
[[Category:Commerce colleges in India]]
[[Category:North Delhi district]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Memorials to Guru Gobind Singh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1984]]

Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel & Shrine of St. Anthony, Sion

2025-11-29T05:47:20Z

BanglaBlog: small enhance content after review and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=June 2025}}
{{Self-published|date=June 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel & Shrine of St. Anthony
| fullname = Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel & Shrine of St. Anthony, Sion
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|19|02|46|N|72|51|50|E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Sion, Mumbai]]
| country = India
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = http://www.olgcchurch.com
| former name = Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho
| bull date =
| founded date = 1596
| founder =
| dedication = [[St. Anthony of Padua]]
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics =
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status = [[Parish church]]
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation =
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| deanery = North Mumbai Deanery
| archdeaconry =
| archdiocese =[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Archdiocese of Bombay]]
| diocese =
| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| archbishop = Oswald Cardinal Gracias
| bishop =
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| logosize =
}}
[[File:St. Anthony statue Sion.jpg|thumb|St. Anthony statue Sion]]
'''Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel & Shrine of St. Anthony''' former
'''''Our Lady of Good Counsel Church''''' initially known by its name in Portuguese, '''''Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho''''', is one of the oldest churches in, [[Mumbai|Bombay]] built by the Portuguese [[Franciscans]]. It was built at [[Sion, Mumbai|Sion]] and was initially affiliated to the [[St. Michael's Church (Mumbai)|St. Michael's Church]] at [[Mahim]] in 1596. The artistically done stained glass windows of the Church portray the martyrdom of Blessed [[Thomas of Tolentino]], Fr. [[James of Padua]], Fr. [[Peter of Siena (died 1321)|Peter of Siena]], a Cleric and Br. [[Demetrius of Tiflis]] at [[Thane]], in April 1321.<ref name="olgc">{{cite web|title=History of Good Counsel Church|url=http://www.olgcchurch.com/parishhistory.asp|accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>

==History ==

===The coming of Franciscans to Bombay===
When the Portuguese took possession of Bombay, the [[Seven islands of Bombay|seven small islands]] out of which it had formed had by then partly coalesced. [[Colaba]] and Al-Omanis still remained to the South separated by narrow channels. But between the islands of Bombay, [[Mazagaon]] and [[Parel]] the creeks had silted up. A broad but shallow lagoon occupied the center, invaded by higher tides. But for the most part consisting of salty marsh. The sea flowed in by a narrow channel between Mahim and [[Worli]], while the deep gulf between Mahim and Sion, while the deep gulf at Breach Candy was the only one which always required passage by boat.

This "seven-island kingdom" as some authors wish to call it thus identifying it with the [[Seven islands of Bombay|Heptanesia]] of Ptolemy, was not thickly populated. The inhabitants with the exception of some Mohammedans at Mahim, were mostly Hindus of the Kolis and the Bhandari castes, agriculturists, toddy tappers, gardeners, fishermen. Only after they had established themselves in [[Vasai|Bassein]] and [[Salsette Island]] did the Franciscans venture on Bombay-island. In the course of the 16th and the 17th centuries, the Franciscans established several Churches and Chapels in Bombay; among them was the Chapel of O.L. of Good Counsel, Sion. The discord between the Portuguese (the Friars were Portuguese) and the English resulted in the expulsion of the Franciscans from Bombay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Portuguese Period - Greater Bombay District Gazetteer|url=http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html#4|accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>

===The return of the Franciscans to Bombay===
In 1925, the Franciscans of the ancient "Provincia Angliae" arrived in India. For three years they worked in Hyderabad. The Franciscans of [[Bellary]], formed in 1928, looked to Bombay to ultimately establish a Franciscan Friary because Bombay possessed a large and excellent body of Catholics and vocations were numerous. In the course of 1943–1944, Archbishop Roberts offered the Friars the choice of three places : [[Byculla]], [[Chembur]] or Sion. It was decided to accept Byculla with a view of setting up a new parish there. However, it soon became evident that it would not be possible to find a suitable plot for a Parish and residence in Byculla as the prices were prohibitive. A proposal was then made that the Friars should take over St. Ignatius'church at Jacob Circle. Again difficulties, financial and otherwise, came in the way, so that this idea too had to be dropped.

In the meantime Archbishop, now Cardinal, Gracias, allowed the Friars to review their original choice and apply for Sion, which, up to then had only been a chapel, dependent on St. Michael's Church Mahim. The chapel was separated from Mahim, constituted it into an independent Parish and entrusted it to the Franciscans. Since the Residence of Sion constituted of only two rooms that served as quarters for the Fathers, refectory, library, Parish and school Office, a loan was obtained to extend the Residence and erect new premises for the [[Our Lady of Good Counsel High School, Mumbai|Our Lady of Good Counsel School]].

By 1957, The Parish of O.L. of Good Counsel, Sion, consisted of about a thousand Parishioners. One Priest performed all the Parish duties. The other Friars were occupied with special work, such as preaching of Missions, Retreats, Triduums, special sermons and conferences for Sisters. As far as the school is concerned, it had grown to such an extent that it was necessary to extend it still further. Another storey was added in 1957.<ref name="olgc"/>

== See also ==
*[[List of parishes of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay]]
*[[Sion, Mumbai|Sion]]
*[[Mumbai]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel and Shrine of St. Anthony, Sion}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Mumbai]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]

Tiruvuru mandal

2025-11-28T02:23:28Z

BanglaBlog: rework citations also and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tiruvuru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mandal map of NTR district
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|06|N|80|36|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[NTR district|NTR]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Tiruvuru]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts = old Tiruvuru, Middle Tiruvuru Rajupet
| government_type = Samsthan
| governing_body = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Mandal Parishad]]
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 184.32
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 76,731
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|pages=238|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP 16
| website =
| footnotes =
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=Q48988742|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining Tiruvuru mandal}}
}}

'''Tiruvuru mandal''' is one of the 20 [[mandal]]s in [[NTR district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4997-tiruvuru-krishna-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Tiruvuru Mandal - Krishna|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> The headquarters of this mandal is located at [[Tiruvuru]] town. The mandal is bordered by [[Khammam district]] to the north, [[Vissannapeta mandal]] to the east, [[A.Konduru mandal|A Konduru mandal]] to the south and [[Gampalagudem mandal]] to the west.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kritiruvubp.appr.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/di5XrVERUf8s/content/tiruvuru-mandal-map/3076116|title=Tiruvuru mandal map|publisher=Tiruvuru Panchayat|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal had a population of 76,731 living in 20,605 households. The total population constituted 38,679 males and 38,052 females, for a sex ratio of 984 females per 1000 males.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiagrowing.com/Andhra_Pradesh/Krishna/Tiruvuru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410095315/http://www.indiagrowing.com/andhra_pradesh/krishna/tiruvuru|url-status=usurped|archive-date=10 April 2013|title=Population of Tiruvuru mandal|publisher=India Growing|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> There were 7,041 children in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 3,588 were boys and 3,453 were girls, for a sex ratio of 962. The average literacy rate stands at 66.11% with 46,072 literates, of which 25,452 are males and 20,620 are females. There were 23,572 members of [[Scheduled Caste]]s and 2,181 members of [[Scheduled Tribe]]s.

===Labor Statistics===
As per the report published by Census of India in 2011, 37,970 people were engaged in work activities, including 22,667 males and 15,303 females. In the census, 32,745 workers describe their work as main work, 3,946 as cultivators, 18,345 as agricultural labourers, 428 in household industry and 10,026 were involved in other works. Of these, 5,225 were marginal workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistrict/tiruvuru-mandal-krishna-andhra-pradesh-4997|title=Tiruvuru Mandal Population, Caste, Religion Data|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Tiruvuru mandal is administered under the [[Tiruvuru (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Tiruvuru (SC) Assembly constituency]] of the [[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf
|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=6 November 2017|pages=20, 31}}</ref> It is one of the fifteen mandals those falls under [[Nuzvid revenue division]].

== Towns and villages ==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], there are a total of 19 settlements in the mandal. [[Tiruvuru]] is the largest and [[Peddavaram]] is the smallest in terms of population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vlist.in/sub-district/04997.html|title=Villages in Tiruvuru mandal|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref>

The settlements in the mandal are:
#[[Akkapalem]]
#Anjaneyapuram
#[[Chintalapadu, Tiruvuru mandal|Chintalapadu]]
#Chittela
#[[Erramadu]]
#Ganugapadu
#Kokilampadu
#Laxmipuram
#Mallela
#Munukulla
#Mustikuntla
#Patha
#Peddavaram
#Rajupeta
#Ramannapalem
#Rolupadi
#Kommireddypalli
#[[Tiruvuru]]
#Vamakuntla
#[[Vavilala]]

== Education ==
The mandal plays a major role in education for the rural students of nearby villages. The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided by private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=6 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107220545/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2016}}</ref> As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the mandal has more than 10,990 students enrolled in over 95 schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls#|title=R1.1 SCHOOL INFORMATION|access-date=6 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108154343/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls|archive-date=8 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Student Information Report|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/districtStudentReport.do?mode=getMandalReportsList&dist=2816&distname=KRISHNA|website=Commissionerate of School Education|publisher=Child info 2015-16, District School Education - Andhra Pradesh|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Vijayawada]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{NTR district}}

[[Category:Mandals in NTR district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Delhi International Queer Theater and Film Festival

2025-10-17T17:44:01Z

BanglaBlog: general enhanced formatting for consistency additionally and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}

{{Short description|LGBTQ film festival in India}}

The '''Delhi International Queer Theater and Film Festival''' (DIQTFF), is a queer cultural festival curating films, plays, talks and performances (dance & drag). It is organised by a queer collective in Delhi called [[Harmless Hugs]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/movies-drama-and-lots-of-naach-gaana-at-this-queer-pride-festival/story-9c1DrHPlKrLyIMaz0EK6hI.html|title=Movies, drama and lots of naach-gaana at this queer pride festival|date=2016-12-08|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The film festival is intended to connect with larger diaspora of the Indian [[LGBT|LGBTQ]] struggle for equal human rights and to reach out to masses via omnipotence of Media, Theatre and Cinema. Movie screenings and plays are well complemented by a round of panel discussions and debates, including some of the biggest names from the Indian LGBTQ Movement. Discussions around tumultuous territories of politics, gender disparity, coming out and involvement of families and more will also be a part of this two-day event, that is happening every December since its initiation in 2015.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.mediainfoline.com/artnculture/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2016|title=Delhi International Queer Theatre & Film Festival 2016 - Media Infoline|date=2016-12-12|work=Media Infoline|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The Festival was created by Vinay Kumar (Founder Harmless Hugs). Harsh Agarwal (President 2015–16) served as the convener for first two editions.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" />

The first edition of this queer festival was organised in 2015. It received support from [[High Commission of Canada]] in Delhi, along with Youth LEAD and GLIFAA.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/KyGdeStPK5fi9L014hLq4I/The-Mint-Planner-11-December-2015.html|title=The Mint Planner, 11 December 2015|last=Livemint|date=2015-12-10|work=Mint|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://howlround.com/sexuality-in-india-s-proscenium-theatre|title=Sexuality in India's Proscenium Theatre|work=HowlRound Theatre Commons|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref>

The second edition of the festival in 2016 received support from [[Love Matters (program)|Love Matters]], [[High Commission of Canada]], Impulse ([[AIDS Healthcare Foundation]]), [[Scruff (app)|SCRUFF]] and other organisations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.catchnews.com/gender-and-sex/diqtff-a-queer-film-theatre-festival-comes-to-delhi-this-weekend-1481207796.html|title=DIQTFF: A Queer film & theatre festival comes to Delhi this weekend|work=CatchNews.com|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-off-broadway/article/2016-Delhi-International-Theatre-Film-Festival-Kicks-Off-This-Weekend-20161205|title=2016 Delhi International Theatre & Film Festival Kicks Off This Weekend|author=BWW News Desk|work=BroadwayWorld.com|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The event received support Bollywood actors like [[Kalki Koechlin|Kalki]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] while [[Piyush Mishra]] performed at the event.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.india.com/lifestyle/two-day-film-festival-on-lgbt-community-begins-1701218/|title=Two-day film festival on LGBT community begins|last=Service|first=Indo-Asian News|date=2016-12-11|work=India.com|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/piyush-mishra-lights-up-diqtff-2016-on-day-1-1481398175.html|title=Piyush Mishra lights up DIQTFF 2016 on Day 1 - The Statesman|date=2016-12-10|work=The Statesman|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gaylaxymag.com/latest-news/diqtff-2016/#gs.ev0ImUA|title=2nd Edition of Delhi International Queer Theatre & Film Festival To Be Held on 10th and 11th Dec - Gaylaxy Magazine|website=gaylaxymag.com|date=7 December 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.womansera.com/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2016/|title=Delhi International Queer Theatre and Film Festival 2016 - Womansera|date=2017-04-29|work=Womansera|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021201/https://www.womansera.com/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The Third Edition was organised in 2017 with the support of Impulse (AIDS Healthcare Foundation) and several other organisations.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://edtimes.in/2017/12/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2017-to-give-a-new-glimpse-of-the-lgbtq-community/|title=Delhi International Queer Theatre & Film Festival 2017 To Give A New Glimpse Of The LGBTQ Community|date=2017-12-04|work=ED Times {{!}} The Youth Blog|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://lbb.in/delhi/Delhi-International-Queer-Theatre-bdef8a/|title=Delhi International Queer Theatre & Film Festival 2017 {{!}} LBB|website=lbb.in|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artculturefestival.in/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2017/|title=Delhi International Queer Theatre Film Festival 2017 - Art Culture Festival|date=2017-11-21|work=Art Culture Festival|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219015617/http://www.artculturefestival.in/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/delhi/events/delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2017|title=Delhi International Queer Theatre & Film Festival 2017|website=timeout.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-13}}</ref>

The fourth edition was organised as TARANG- DIQTFF in 2018 with support of High Commission of Canada, [[India HIV/AIDS Alliance]], Samarth and several other organisations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmfreeway.com/Tarang|title=Tarang - Delhi International Queer Theatre and Film Festival 2018|website=FilmFreeway|language=en|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://lbb.in/delhi/delhi-international-queer-theatre-590cae/|title=Enjoy The Best Of LGBTQ Films, Plays & Talks At This Queer Theatre Festival {{!}} LBB|website=LBB, Delhi|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>

== The Festival ==

=== TARANG- Delhi International Queer Theater & Film Festival (2018) ===
The 4th edition of festival took place on 1 and 2 December 2018 at Pyarey Lal Bhavan, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ketto.org/fundraiser/tarang|title=Tarang- DIQTFF 2018|last=Ketto.org|website=Ketto.org|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2018/nov/27/queer-arts-festival-to-offer-a-diverse-stage-1903737.html|title=DIQTFF: Queer arts festival to offer a diverse stage|website=The New Indian Express|date=27 November 2018 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref> The event was primarily organised by Harmless Hugs with support from various organisations like Canada High Commission, Samarth, [[India HIV/AIDS Alliance]], Ketto, The Humsafar Trust, Miss Woomaniya, LGBT Events India, and others. This festival saw street theatre performances on HIV, various plays related to LGBTQ+ like ''Lihaaf/Ehsaas'', ''Mard'', ''Anhad e Kathak'' (a dance drama on HIV/AIDS) and films like ''How Was Your Day'', ''Zara Nazar Utha Ke, Misswomania'' and more. As for the talks and discussions, Simran Shaikh, [[Arvind Gaur]] and Sonal Mehta were some of the speakers at the festival. There were a bunch of other musical and theatrical performances too.<ref name=":12" /> The festival sought to bring a local flavour to the queer movement and was inspired by Mumbai's Queer Film Fest [[KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival|Kashish]] organised by [[Sridhar Rangayan]]. Tarang's aim was to showcase queer arts through several mediums and it staged queer-themed plays such as ''Pehchaan'', ''Dastak'', ''Mard'', ''Lihaaf'', ''Ehsaas'', ''The Legend of Ila'', ''Anhad e Kathak''.<ref name=":13" />

==== Movies Screened ====

# A safe space to talk to
# Reset
# How was your day
# Vaddis
# Ankahee
# Please Mind the Gap
# The Father's Project
# Before Today
# I am not there
# Zara Nazar Utha ke
# The Notion
# Turn it Around
# Heather has four Moms
# Two Words
# Khwaaish
# Miss Womaniya
# Bag
# Orizaba's Peak
<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.picbob.com/tag/diqtff|title=Images and Stories tagged with #diqtff on instagram|website=www.picbob.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-15}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== Plays and performances ====

# Mard
# Zahiri Haqeeqat
# Pehchaan
<ref name=":14" />

=== DIQTFF TAKE 3 (2017) ===
The 3rd edition of the festival took place on 9 and 10 December 2017 at Shah Auditorium, Civil Lines, New Delhi.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=http://dubeat.com/event/this-december-visit-the-delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2017/|title=This December, Visit the Delhi International Queer Theatre & Film Festival 2017|website=DU Beat|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-15|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612192808/http://dubeat.com/event/this-december-visit-the-delhi-international-queer-theatre-film-festival-2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":10" /> The event was primarily organised by [[Harmless Hugs]] and Impulse New Delhi by [[AIDS Healthcare Foundation]]<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":10" /> with support from various organisations like Canada High Commission,<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":10" /> Asmita Theater Group,<ref name=":15" /> Ketto,<ref name=":15" /> Adhikaar Trust, [[Grindr]],<ref name=":15" /> Doggy Style, DU Beat, Miss Woomaniya, Art Culture Festival and ED Times<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":10" />

==== Movies Screened ====

# ''The Condom Man (English)''
# A thousand years of Love (English)
<ref name=":10" />

==== Plays and performances ====

# Mard (Hindi Play)
# Astitva (Hindi Play)
<ref name=":10" />

=== DIQTFF 2 (2016) ===
The second edition of the festival took place on 10 and 11 December 2016 at NCUI Auditorium and Convention Centre, New Delhi<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> The event was organised by [[Harmless Hugs]] & Love Matters<ref name=":9" /> with support from various organisations like SCRUFF, [[AIDS Healthcare Foundation]], High Commission of Canada, [[India HIV/AIDS Alliance]], Ketto, DU Beat, [[Humsafar Trust]], The Education Tree, Respect Women, Youth [[Lead India]], UNDERGROUND Eagles.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1" /> The Chief guest for the event was famous Bollywood actor and singer [[Piyush Mishra]],<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /> who gave a performance too. In an interview with convener Harsh Aggarwal, he said, ''“I see no difference in the homosexual and heterosexual community. They have given me same respect, same love and affection that I get anywhere else I go. If there is something unnatural, the nature won't let it exist. It's the conflict of the nature and society which we now observe where society is calling nature unnatural which is ironic.”''

The event was inaugurated by many notable personalities like Prince Manvendra, Jess Dutton (Deputy High Commissioner from Canada to India), Vithika Yadav (Country Head, Love Matters India) and Vinay Kumar (founder of Harmless Hugs).<ref name=":3" /> This festival was also supported by Bollywood actors like [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] and [[Kalki Koechlin]] through video message.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Citation|last=Harmless Hugs|title=Actor Kunal Kapoor extends support to LGBTQ Community|date=2016-10-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaIuNmtpY2M|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Harmless Hugs|title=Kalki Koechlin for DIQTFF By Harmless Hugs & Love Matters India|date=2016-11-05|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2aVxojzqIU|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /> The event also saw a photo exhibition by Katharina Domscheit D’souza.<ref name=":8" /> Besides, a free HIV testing and health awareness camp was organised by Impulse India, Project Samarth and Hamsafar Trust.<ref name=":8" /> Bismaya Kumar Raulo from Impulse New Delhi said "''Stigma attached to sexual orientation and sexual preferences have been a major challenge in the society. Platforms like Delhi International Queer Theatre and Film Festival is a unique way to reach out to the society and advocate for equal rights for everyone regardless of sex, gender, and sexuality. It also gives an opportunity to the people who are in the closet and still fighting with their identity. Let's work together for a better and brighter future of the LGBTQIA community in India”''<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" />

==== Movies Screened ====

# ''Underneath the Makeup, there's me (English)''
# ''Lihaaf (Hindi/Urdu)''
# That's my boy (Malayalam)
# AMORfo (Spanish)
# In the mood of Love ''(English)''
# An open Wind ''(English)''
# That's my boy ''(English)''
# My Child is Gay ''(English)''
# Boy Meets Boy ''(English)''
<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" />

==== Plays and performances ====

# Meeta ki Kahani (Hindi Play)
# Libaas (Hindi Play)
# Pehchaan (Hindi Play)
# I step on air (English Performance)
<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" />

=== DIQTFF (2015) ===
The first edition of the festival took place on 12 and 13 December 2015 at Lok Kala Manch, Lodi Institutional Area, New Delhi.<ref name=":2" /> The event was primarily organised by [[Harmless Hugs]] with support from organisations like [[AIDS Healthcare Foundation]], High Commission of Canada, GLIFFAA<ref name=":5" /> and others.There were seven plays and fourteen films, including Under The Shade (2013), directed by J.M. Hall, as well as talks by activists.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Delhi]]
[[Category:LGBTQ film festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Delhi]]

Parbati River (Rajasthan)

2025-10-02T14:04:52Z

BanglaBlog: slightly corrected page for consistency further

{{short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Parbati River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth in India

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 =India
| subdivision_type2 =State
| subdivision_name2 =[[Rajasthan]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length =
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
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| discharge1_min =
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| source1 =Pithapura Lake near Siddikganj
| source1_location = [[Vindhya Range]] in [[Sehore District]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| source1_coordinates={{coord|22|50|05|N|76|35|59|E|type:river_region:IN|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth =[[Chambal River]]
| mouth_location = [[National Chambal Sanctuary]] near Palin village [[Sawai Madhopur]] District in [[Rajasthan]]
| mouth_coordinates ={{coord|25|50|49|N|76|33|55|E|type:river_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
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}}

'''Parbati River''' is a river in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]], India, that flows into the [[Chambal River]].

The 800-MW Parbati Hydro Electric Project–II (PHEP-II) near Kullu, neared completion as per reports in March 2025 and it is expected it would reduce the floods in the Parbati river, from Barshaini in the Manikaran valley to Bhuntar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydropower project in Kullu nears completion, to mitigate flood risks |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/hydropower-project-in-kullu-nears-completion-to-mitigate-flood-risks/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

An interlinking of rivers (ILR) project was under proposal to construct Mahalpur Barrage on Parbati River.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-05 |title=Jal shakti min hints at 90% Union govt funding of ERCP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/107412289.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2025-06-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

A study looked into the hydrological patterns in the Kalisindh and Parbati Rivers and said that the Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) is pivotal for improving the regional water security.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Saurabh |last2=Singh |first2=Suraj Kumar |last3=Kanga |first3=Shruti |last4=Shrivastava |first4=Pradeep Kr |last5=Kumar |first5=Pankaj |last6=Meraj |first6=Gowhar |date=2024-03-01 |title=Hydrological dynamics of the Kalisindh and Parbati Rivers: An integrated analysis in the context of the Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024002135 |journal=Results in Engineering |volume=21 |article-number=101960 |doi=10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101960 |issn=2590-1230|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Rivers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Sawai Madhopur district]]

{{Bharatpurdivision-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Rangeet River

2025-08-24T12:51:31Z

BanglaBlog: added information further and added references

{{short description|River in Sikkim, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Rangeet River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Sikkim#India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption= Rangeet River in Sikkim

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sikkim]]
| subdivision_type3 =
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| length =
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| source1 = [[Himalayas]]
| source1_location = [[Himalayas]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|27.3639|88.3905}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Teesta River]]
| mouth_location = [[South Sikkim district]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27.07952|88.4331}}
| mouth_elevation =
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[[File:Rangeet river Tashiding South Sikkim India.jpg|thumb|Rangeet River near Tashiding, South Sikkim]]
The '''Rangeet''' or '''Rangit''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Teesta River]], which is the largest river in the [[India]]n [[states and territories of India|state]] of [[Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/glim_riv.htm|title=Rivers|work=sikkim.nic.in}}</ref> The Rangeet originates in the [[Himalaya]]n mountains in [[West Sikkim]] district. The river also forms the boundary between [[Sikkim]] and [[Darjeeling district]]. A perennial river, it is fed by the melting snow of the Himalayas in early summer and the [[monsoon]] rains in June–September. It is popular among [[rafting]] enthusiasts owing to its turbulent waters. The river flows past the towns of [[Jorethang]], [[Pelling]] and [[Legship]]. During its final few kilometres, it joins the [[Teesta]] River at a confluence<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sikkimtourism.gov.in/Webforms/General/SikkimAtAGlance/Rivers.aspx|title= Welcome to the Official Web Portal of Sikkim Tourism :: Sikkim at a Glance - Natures Bounty - Rivers|work=sikkimtourism.gov.in}}</ref> known as Tribeni,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_00002c.htm|title=Triveni - River Teesta and Rangeet Confluence|author=win7|work=darjeeling-tourism.com}}</ref> which is a popular picnic spot. The Rangeet River has an [[NHPC]] [[hydropower]] plant with a capacity of {{convert|60|MW}} in Sikkim.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sikkimpower.org/power/rangit.aspx |title=RANGIT |access-date=2011-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114141457/http://www.sikkimpower.org/power/rangit.aspx |archive-date=2011-01-14 }}, Rangit Hydel Project.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}5. [https://trivenicamping.com/ Triveni Camping] - ''A confluence of two rivers, the river Rangeet with its deep green and crystal clear water, meets with the forceful mountain stream Teesta''{{Hydrography of Sikkim}}

{{Coord|27.1736|88.3043|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Teesta River]]

{{Sikkim-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Brahma Temple, Bramha Karmali

2025-08-19T11:58:30Z

BanglaBlog:

{{Short description|Temple in Goa, India}}
{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}
[[File:Brahma Temple, Goa.jpg|thumb]]
'''Brahma Temple, Bramha Karmali, Goa''' (also known as Shri Brahmadav ji Temple) is located in the village of Nagargao, [[Valpoi]], [[Goa|Goa, India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-12 |title=The God Of Creation Is In Ruins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/the-god-of-creation-is-in-ruins/articleshow/45115752.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is one of the few dedicated to [[Brahma|Lord Brahma]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Brahma Temple {{!}} Government of Goa |url=https://www.goa.gov.in/places/brahma-temple/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Government of Goa {{!}} Official Portal}}</ref> The temple houses a 12th-century black stone idol, carved during the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]] period.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-18 |title=A temple to the god of creation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-temple-to-the-god-of-creation/articleshow/54384918.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> This sculpture depicts Brahma in his [[Trimurti]] form, symbolizing the trinity of Brahma, [[Vishnu]], and [[Shiva|Mahesh]], with Brahma portrayed with a distinctive beard. The idol's craftsmanship and historical significance make it an important yet often overlooked aspect of Goa's cultural and [[Religion|religious]] landscape.

== History ==
The history of the Brahma Temple in Nagargao, Valpoi, dates back to the Kadamba period, around the 12th century. During this time, the [[Kadamba dynasty]], which ruled parts of [[Goa]] and [[Karnataka]], contributed significantly to the region's cultural and religious landscape, constructing temples and supporting the arts. The temple, dedicated to Lord Brahma, is a rare example of Brahma worship, as very few temples in India honor him. Despite Brahma's role in the [[Hindu trinity]], with [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]], temples dedicated to him are scarce due to various legends, including one that Brahma was only meant to have one temple in [[Brahma Temple, Pushkar|Pushkar, Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-13 |title=Temple Profile |url=http://www.devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Ajmer/brahmaji.htm |access-date=2024-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213024103/http://www.devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Ajmer/brahmaji.htm |archive-date=2011-02-13 }}</ref> The black stone idol at Nagargao, carved in this era, reflects the artistic expertise of the period and stands as a testament to the religious diversity of Goa during the Kadamba rule. Over time, the temple has maintained its historical significance, though it remains lesser-known compared to other Goan temples.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.goa.gov.in/places/brahma-temple/ Read details about Brahma Temple, Goa]

{{coord|15.56954|74.16267|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Brahma temples]]
[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Goa]]

List of villages in Rajura taluka

2025-08-13T01:33:18Z

BanglaBlog: Starting New Place...

{{short description|None}}
{{moresources|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
List of all villages and towns in [[Rajura]] Taluka of [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur district, Maharashtra]] [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|access-date=2020-08-20}}</ref>

== A ==

* Aheri
* Annur
* Antargaon
* Antargaon Kh.
* Arvi
* Amrutguda

== B ==

* Babapur
* Bamanwada
* Bambezari
* Belampur
* Berdi
* Bhadangpur
* Bhedoda
* Bhendala
* Bhendvi
* Bhurkunda Kh.
* Bhurkunda Bk
* Botgaon

== C ==

* Chanakha
* Chandanwahi
* Charli
* Chinchala
* Chinchbodi
* Chincholi Bk.
* Chincholi Kh.
* Chirud
* Chunala

== D ==

* Dewada
* Dhanora
* Dhidsi
* Dongargaon

== G ==

* Ghotta
* Goraj
* Gowari
* Goyegaon

== H ==

* Hardona Bk.
* Hardona Kh.
* Hirapur
* Hirapur

== I ==

* Isapur

== J ==

* Jamani
* Jogapur

== K ==

* Kadholi Bk.
* Kakadghat
* Kalamana
* Kapangaon
* Kawadgondi
* Kawathala
* Kawitpeth
* Kelzar
* Khairgaon
* Khambada
* Khamona
* Khirdi
* Kinebodi
* Kochi
* Kohapara
* Kolgaon
* Kostala
* Kurli

== L ==

* Lakkadkot

== M ==

* Mangaon
* Mangi Bk
* [[Mangi Kh.]]
* Manoli Bk.
* Manoli Kh.
* Marda
* Mathara
* Murti
* Muthara

== N ==

* Nalphadi
* Navegaon
* Nimbala
* Nirli
* Nokari Bk.
* Nokari Kh.

== P ==

* Pachgaon
* Panchala
* Pandharpauni
* Parsoda
* Pauni
* Pellora
* Pendhari

== R ==

* [[Rajura]]
* Rampur
* Ranvelli
* Ruyad

== S ==

* Sakhari
* Sakharwahi
* Satri
* Shirsi
* Siddheshwar
* Sindi
* Sindola
* Sonapur
* Sondo
* Sonurli
* Subai
* Sukadpalli
* Sumthana

== T ==

* Tembhurwahi
* Tulana
* Tummaguda

== U ==

* Umarzara

== V ==

* Vihirgaon
* Vihirgaon

== W ==

* Wangi
* Waroda
* WarurRoad
* Wirur Station

== Y ==

* Yergavhan

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Chandrapur district]]
* [[Rajura|Rajura taluka]]

[[Category:Lists of villages in Maharashtra|Rajura]]
[[Category:Villages in Chandrapur district| ]]